Investigation of chemical quality, oil and metal contamination of surface waters at Shazand Refinery and Distribution Complex, Arak, Iran
Subject Areas :
Industrial pollution
Abdorreza Vaezihir
1
,
Mohammad Ranjdoust Yamchi
2
,
Ali Kadkhodaie
3
,
Alireza Gholmohammadi
4
1 - Professor, Earth Scirnces Dept., Faculty of Natural Sciences, Univerity of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran Corresponding author
2 - MSc. Student of environmental geology, Dept., Faculty of Natural Sciences, Univerity of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
3 - Professor, Earth Scirnces Dept., Faculty of Natural Sciences, Univerity of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
4 - MSc. Student of Environment, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Sciences and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
Received: 2016-08-20
Accepted : 2019-01-23
Published : 2022-09-23
Keywords:
hydrochemical,
Shazand Refinery,
runoff,
hydrocarbon material,
Abstract :
Background and Purpose: Pollution of surface water by hydrocarbon compounds released from the refineries, storage tanks and convay pipline is very possible and need to be addressed with high sensitivity. Purpose of this study is investigation of contamination and hydrochemical properties of runoff waters at Shazand refinery. Water samples collected and analysed for major ions and oil and metal contaminants.
Research method: Twoelve samples were collected from surface waters of the refinery and were analyzed for oil materials, some heavy metals, nutrients and major ions. Some other parameters like EC and pH were meseared in situe.
Findings: According to the results, the runoff in some parts of the refinery shows contamination by benzene. Ethylbenzene concentration, however, is less than maximum permissible level and no evidence of MTBE and toluene was detected.
Discussion and conclusion: Pollution by benzene can be due to pollutants released from the refining process and spilling of oil. A part of BTEX pollutants in surface water can be came from atmospheric washout during precipitation. No evidents of MTBE detected in the samples. It should be mentioned that BTEX and MTBE are volatile components and cannot be survived in surface water for a long time. Chemical parameters such as EC and ions concentaration in the surface water in the central area of the refinery shows an anomaly which would be related to the industrial activites. The runoff of this part of the refinery is less suitable for industrial and agricultural usges.
References:
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The Washington State Department of Ecology, 2002, Water Pollution Prevention Opportunities in Petroleum Refineries, Ecology Publication02-07-017.
Hodgson,E., Bendiak, L.C., 1987. Stormwater Management for Petroleum, Refineries, Canadian Water Resources Journal / Revue canadienne des ressources hydriques, 12:3, 38-47, DOI:10.4296/cwrj1203038.
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Environmental Impact Assessment of Capacity Increase and Quality Improvement Program at Shazand Arak Refinery, Company of Environmental Assessment, National Iranian Oil Engineering and Construction Company.
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Richards,A., 1954. Diagnosis and improvements of saline and alkali soils agriculture, Vol.160, handbook 60, US Department of Agriculture, Washington DC.
Peiyue,, Qian, W., Jianhua, W., 2011. Groundwater Suitability for Drinking and Agricultural Usage in Yinchuan Area, China. Journal of Environmental Sciences. Vol.1, No 6.
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Dodangeh,, Abedini Kopani, J., Ghohari, A., 2012. Application of time series models to determine the trend of future climate parameters for water resources management, Water and Soil Science (Journal of Agricultural and Natural Resources Science and Technology), Vol. 16, No. 95, pp 74-59.
Anabestani,, Ghorbani, M., 2011, The Role of Industrial Units in generating of environmental pollution (Case Study: Water Supply Area of Sabzevar City), Journal of Town and Country Planning, Vol. 3, No. 4, pp. 23-43.
Ebrahimi,, Shayghan, J., Malakoti, M., Baybourdi, M., Ghodosi, J., Akbari, A., Atashjameh, A., 2009. Investigation of the release of hydrocarbon contamination in the soil of Sarkhon Refinery, Journal of Water and Soil Conservation Studies, Vol. 16, No. 4, pp. 101-124.
Bartram,, Balance, R., 1996. Water Quality Monitoring -A Practical Guide to the Design and Implementation of Freshwater Quality Studies and Monitoring Programmes-, Published on behalf of United Nations Environment Programme and the World Health Organization (UNEP/WHO), 380.
EPA, Petroleum Refining and Petroleum Distributing Systems, http://www.p2pays.org/ref/01/00592.pdf.
The Washington State Department of Ecology, 2002, Water Pollution Prevention Opportunities in Petroleum Refineries, Ecology Publication02-07-017.
Hodgson,E., Bendiak, L.C., 1987. Stormwater Management for Petroleum, Refineries, Canadian Water Resources Journal / Revue canadienne des ressources hydriques, 12:3, 38-47, DOI:10.4296/cwrj1203038.
Andrew,, Nemeth Devon, A., Ward Walter, G., Woodington, 2010. The Effect of Asphalt Pavement on Stormwater Contamination, Project Report submitted to the Faculty of WORCESTER POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE, Project Number: IQP-PPM-0906
Environmental Impact Assessment of Capacity Increase and Quality Improvement Program at Shazand Arak Refinery, Company of Environmental Assessment, National Iranian Oil Engineering and Construction Company.
S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2005. Water sampling techniques.
Richards,A., 1954. Diagnosis and improvements of saline and alkali soils agriculture, Vol.160, handbook 60, US Department of Agriculture, Washington DC.
Peiyue,, Qian, W., Jianhua, W., 2011. Groundwater Suitability for Drinking and Agricultural Usage in Yinchuan Area, China. Journal of Environmental Sciences. Vol.1, No 6.
Todd, K., Mays, L. W., 2005. Groundwater hydrology. John Wiley and Sons, New York. pp. 535.
S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2014. Texas Surface Water Quality Standards Rule Project No. 2012-001-307-OW
Teymori,, Forghani, G., 2012. Qualitative classification of Gorgan-River river for agriculture and industry (within the city of Gonbad), Thirty-first congress of earth sciences, Tehran, Iran.