List of Articles

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  1 - Geopolitical Explanation of Developments Regarding the Relationship between Human Being and the Environment (Perspective-Approach)
  Yousef Zeinolabedin Amuoghin Rebaz Ghorbaninejad
  Basis and Goal: Mankind always needs a habitat in which there is clean air, drinking water, food resources and adequate conveniences for a valuable life. Human being's ability in saving and protecting their life space and in destroying its landscapes that regarding the More

  Basis and Goal: Mankind always needs a habitat in which there is clean air, drinking water, food resources and adequate conveniences for a valuable life. Human being's ability in saving and protecting their life space and in destroying its landscapes that regarding the natural conditions create a balanced ecosystem indicate the fact that human being is the most important factor of constructions, destructions, combinations and derangements in the biogeographic and biological territories. So, gradual changes regarding the relationship between human being and environment forms the cornerstone of the new environmental philosophical perspectives and are considered as continuous resources to support environment protecting plans that are present in national, regional and global levels. Meanwhile, population increase one hand and reduction of environment potentials on the other hand, have brought about geopolitical challenges and threats to the world whose perspective is accompanied with global crises, disputes and other difficulties. Methods: In this research, information has been collected by observing a library according to documents, texts, articles, etc. And in terms of the type of methodology and data, it is considered a qualitative method. Findings: The findings of this research show the geopolitical explanation of developments regarding human being and environmental relationships and its consequences that engulfed the world in the form of geopolitical crises, which on the one hand have covered the world in the form of geopolitical crises, and on the other hand, challenged environmental security in different local, national and global scales. It has endangered the sovereignty of f nation-states in how to manage environmental risks and crises. Discussion and Conclusion: The results of this research show that the adherence of national governments to the principles of the green geopolitics system can be the most appropriate approach to alleviate the consequences of the crisis resulting from the human being and environmental relationships at the national, regional and global levels. Manuscript profile
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  2 - An Analysis of Environmental Sustainability and Quality of Urban Space Reproduction (Case Study: Zanjan City)
  Mohamad Taghi Heydari Maryam Rahmani Hossein Tahmasebi Moghaddam Maryam Rahmani
  Purpose context: Environmental sustainability is one of the most fundamental issues of today's city and is the result of their conflict and confrontation with the natural environment, and with the expansion of the city and urbanization, environmental manifestations and More

  Purpose context: Environmental sustainability is one of the most fundamental issues of today's city and is the result of their conflict and confrontation with the natural environment, and with the expansion of the city and urbanization, environmental manifestations and values ​​are exposed to more fragility. Hence, this paper tries to evaluate the prevailing situation of environmental sustainability of the city by using environmental drivers.Research method: This research is descriptive-analytical and applied in terms of purpose. The time domain of this research was (August 2016) and its spatial area was in accordance with the area of ​​the central fabric of Zanjan city according to the last plan approved in 2018 (492 hectares). It is estimated.Findings: Based on the results obtained through the TOPSIS-ANP ​​combined technique, after converting the final points in the interval (100, 0) and considering the quantitative value of the Economist measurement unit, among the localities located in the worn out context, 51% have an average environmental status. It is low that should be considered in the planning for the stability of the texture.Discussion and conclusion: the accumulation of factors attracting capital and activity in the worn-out fabric of the central part of Zanjan city on one hand and the lack of complete land occupation on the other hand; It has caused the density and concentration of all kinds of activities in this area. This phenomenon has led to the saturation of uses, excessive fragmentation of land, the complexity of the land ownership and lease system, inappropriate and intense exploitation of space, which itself has been the foundation of all kinds of pollution and other conflicts. Manuscript profile
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  3 - Legal-environmental study of human activities impacts with a mining approach in the seabed
  Somaye Naghibi Ali Zare Mansour Pournouri Parvin Farshchi
  Background: Despite the limitation of natural resources on earth and the inharmonious spreading of these treasures, the world meets an ongoing tournament beyond different territories to get benefits in such a way to exploit more and more. Due to the limited land resourc More

  Background: Despite the limitation of natural resources on earth and the inharmonious spreading of these treasures, the world meets an ongoing tournament beyond different territories to get benefits in such a way to exploit more and more. Due to the limited land resources and the forecast for the depletion of all available reserves and capacities, deep-sea mineral resources can be considered as a reliable alternative to compensate for the land resources limitations.Studying Method: This study, using an analytical descriptive method, studies the major issues regarding the exploration and exploitation of various natural resources from the seabed and the laws governing this sector and their exploitation conditions.Findings: The research indicates that due to the sensitive and vulnerable ecosystem of marine areas, especially in the seabed and sub-seabed and the lack of knowledge necessary to carry out extraction processes in these areas, legal and executive gaps are felt in this area.Conclusion & Results: It is necessary to review the rules and regulations of international law, especially international environmental law, and implement new solutions, the process of exploration and mining with the requirements of sustainable development and exploitation in accordance with the ecological conditions and potential of these habitats. Manuscript profile
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  4 - Effective Social and Individual Factors on Attitude of Rural People in Marivan Township toward Environment
  Himan Yazdani Ali Shams
  Background and Objective: Throughout history, humans have always taken the environment has changed and it meets your needs. Environmental protection a national effort that requires the participation of all people. Many believe that environmental problems are rooted in s More

  Background and Objective: Throughout history, humans have always taken the environment has changed and it meets your needs. Environmental protection a national effort that requires the participation of all people. Many believe that environmental problems are rooted in social beliefs about the environment. Method: This descriptive -correlational research was conducted to investigate Effective factors on environment attitude of rural people in Marivan Township. The statistical population consisted all rural households in Marivan Township (N=11228) which using Cochran sampling formula and by using randomized multi-stage sampling method 250 of them were selected and studied. Social capital, attitude and knowledge toward environment were measured by a composite index in Likert-scale type. The validity of research tool was verified by the opinion of some experts in the related field and by conducting a pilot study and calculating alpha Cronbach coefficient higher than 0.7 its’ reliability were obtained.  Statistical analysis methods consisted correlational coefficients and regression analysis.  Results: Analysis showed that majority of respondents (90.7 percent) had positive favorable attitude toward environment.  The majority of respondents (85.2 percent) had high level of environment knowledge. Multiple regressions analysis showed that four variables named as Knowledge, social participation, social trust and the extent of information using related with environment were explained 41 percent of rural people attitude toward environment. Conclusion: Their attitude is one of the topics of sustainability and environmental protection. Due to the favorable attitude of the villagers and their high knowledge is suggested that meetings of public officials with more active participation of the villagers holding.  Manuscript profile
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  5 - Simulation of the Spatial Pattern of Land Use Change in the City of Gachsaran Using Cellular Automata Model
  Mohsen Derakhsh Soheil Sobhan Ardakani
  Background and Objective: Simulation of land-use change is very useful for governmental plans and policies. A number of models including system models, Markov chains, the CLUES-S and the SLEUTH have been developed for the simulation of land-use change. Among them, cellu More

  Background and Objective: Simulation of land-use change is very useful for governmental plans and policies. A number of models including system models, Markov chains, the CLUES-S and the SLEUTH have been developed for the simulation of land-use change. Among them, cellular automata (CA) modeling is widely applied to simulate complicated dynamic systems. In this regard, information on land use and also land cover and possibilities for their optimal use is essential for the selection, planning and implementation of land use schemes to meet the increasing demands for basic human needs and welfare.Therefore, this study was conducted to forecasting and modeling of urban development of city of Gachsaran using a CA Model for 2044. Method: In this descriptive study, the land use mapping, a predominantly cloud-free image of Landsat Multispectral Scanner (MSS, 1972), Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM, 1986), Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper (ETM+, 1999), and Operational Land Imager (OLI, 2015) were used to the modeling of land-use changes of the study area between the periods 1972 to 2015, and also to the simulation of land-use changes of city of Gachsaran in 2044. Findings: Based on the results obtained, the increasing growth of urban use over time, particularly in the northern part of the city, and the decline in natural and ecological land use, especially agricultural land were observed. Also, the results clearly suggest that the development process of the city of Gachsaran during the recent years did not follow a proper pattern and, especially the unbalanced growth could be observed in the western part of the city. On the other hand, according to the forecasting of model output, in 2044 about 70% of the extent of the study area, will be dedicated to urban use. Discussion and Conclusion: In general, it can be admitted that the CA model has a high ability in simulating the urban development process and can effectively be used to study the urban dynamic, especially in rapidly growing cities. Manuscript profile
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  6 - Evaluation of Performance and Quality of Effluent in Birjand Wastewater Treatment Plant for Agricultural Purposes
  Mohammad Hosein Fathabadi Mohammad Hosein Ahmadi Shadmehri Seyed Masoud Faiz Sayyid Ali Banihashemi
  Basis and Goal: Today, the most basic action to control pollution from wastewater and their reuse is the construction of a wastewater treatment plant and strict monitoring of their operation. Disposal of non-standard effluents and their use in agriculture or surface wat More

  Basis and Goal: Today, the most basic action to control pollution from wastewater and their reuse is the construction of a wastewater treatment plant and strict monitoring of their operation. Disposal of non-standard effluents and their use in agriculture or surface water discharge will lead to many health and environmental risks. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of auditing the environmental performance and quality of Birjand wastewater treatment plant for agricultural use. Method of Studing: This study was conducted in 1399 using a cross-sectional study method from 1396 to 1398 on the wastewater treatment plant of Birjand. Finding: The findings showed that the COD index with an average of 225 had the highest non-compliance with the standard in 1396. TSS index with an average of 153 is in the second place, total coliform with an average of 1300 in the third place and gastrointestinal coliform with an average of 502.5 are in the fourth place. In 1398, these indicators are in a standard and optimal condition. Results: Comparison of the results of the current study with the effluent standards showed that the use of the effluent of this treatment plant for agricultural purposes is recommended due to compliance with the effluent standards. This trend has shown a favorable situation during the years 1396 to 1398. Manuscript profile
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  7 - Civil Liability Regime for Environmental Damage
  Maryam Afshari Sobhan Tayebi Roholla Karimi
  Purpose context: Nowadays, the position of environmental protection is considered as an important and desirable matter. This issue becomes important to the extent that legal indicators are considered for it. The explanation and discussion of civil responsibility and the More

  Purpose context: Nowadays, the position of environmental protection is considered as an important and desirable matter. This issue becomes important to the extent that legal indicators are considered for it. The explanation and discussion of civil responsibility and the recognition of rightness and wrongness and the selection of each of its topics, including the theory of fault or risk, as well as citing jurisprudential theories such as harm, are among the important matters investigated in this structure. The purpose of this research is to examine environmental issues within the framework of civil responsibility and the procedure of instruments and responsibility as well as the existing legal regime. This research seeks to present and analyze the theoretical foundations of the necessity of civil responsibility evolution due to environmental destruction using the sources and foundations available in the theories of civil responsibility with a view to the existing legal regime. Research method: The present research was written based on library studies, descriptive and analytical method, and based on review findings. Findings: The weakness of civil liability rights guarantees and the inadequacy of administrative measures strengthen the aforementioned necessity, however, the application of civil liability rights to protect the environment requires consideration of requirements that cannot be considered without paying attention to them. The rights were hopeful. Discussion and conclusion: In this research, an attempt has been made to show why civil responsibility in the field of environmental damage needs to evolve, especially based on jurisprudence and legal doctrines. The most important achievement of this research is to recognize those theories of civil responsibility for environmental protection from the point of view of jurisprudence and law, which are compatible with the fundamental philosophy of maximum environmental protection. Manuscript profile
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  8 - Ecological Network, New Approach to Biodiversity Conservation and Habitats on Landscape
  Jalil Imani Harsini Aida Ashjaee
  Background and Objective: Isolation of populations and reduction of genetic diversity due to habitat isolation is a significant issue in the protection of biodiversity and habitats. Ecological networks include natural and semi-natural elements that are created to mainta More

  Background and Objective: Isolation of populations and reduction of genetic diversity due to habitat isolation is a significant issue in the protection of biodiversity and habitats. Ecological networks include natural and semi-natural elements that are created to maintain and restore ecological functions, conservation of biodiversity and sustainable use of natural resources. The purpose of this descriptive - review article introduce ecological networks as a new approach in order to protection biodiversity and habitats in the Landscape scale.Analysis methodology: The present study is a review-descriptive and applied method, and has been done by using library documents and electronic databases and a comprehensive review of numerous English articles.Findings: The role of the new approach of ecological networks in different sources is, maintaining the integrity and ecological stability of habitats, preserving ecological processes, identifying areas with conservation priorities, strengthening the system of protected areas, preserving biodiversity and sustainable use of natural resources and habitat management And they are considered a useful tool in the management of protected areas and its complement.Discussion and Conclusions: Due to the efficiency and application of ecological networks, the use of this approach by public and private organizations in order to improve the process of conservation and management of habitats and biodiversity is recommended. Reviewing numerous foreign articles and sources in the field of ecological networks and their relationship with conservation shows their role as a complementary tool in conservation. The use of this approach will help to improve the integrated management of habitats. Manuscript profile
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  9 - The Cost Benefit Analysis of the Phenomenon of Dust Storm Does the Tree Planting of Khuzestan Province have Economic Justification?
  Amir Hossein Montazer-Hojat Hasan Farazmand Neamat Ollah Jaafarzadeh Haghighi Fard Donya Amoury
  Background and purpose: Since 2004, dust storm has become a major problem in Khuzestan province, and the need for attention and action to solve this problem has increased. For this reason, the tree planting of the acute centers of fine dust to control this phenomenon wa More

  Background and purpose: Since 2004, dust storm has become a major problem in Khuzestan province, and the need for attention and action to solve this problem has increased. For this reason, the tree planting of the acute centers of fine dust to control this phenomenon was placed on the agenda of the organization of forests, pastures and wetlands of Khuzestan province.Research method: In this study, using cost-benefit analysis, the tree planting plan of acute origins of Khuzestan province was evaluated from an economic perspective. For this purpose, the benefits of the implementation of this policy were considered as a reduction in heart and respiratory diseases, which was compared with the current value of planting and tree planting costs.Findings: The results of this study showed that the criterion of net present value (NPV) is positive and the ratio of benefits to costs (B/C) is greater than one.Discussion and conclusion: according to the obtained results, the implementation of this policy has an economic justification. Manuscript profile
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  10 - The Importance of Watershed Ecosystem Services with Emphasis on Runoff yield and Erosion Control
  Elnaz Ghabelnezam Raoof Mostafazadeh Abazar Esmali Zeinab Hazbavi
  Target field: Rapid growth of human population and the over exploitation of natural resources leads to the higher demand for ecosystem services which exceeded their supply capacity. Ecosystem services are benefits that directly or indirectly affect human well-being. As More

  Target field: Rapid growth of human population and the over exploitation of natural resources leads to the higher demand for ecosystem services which exceeded their supply capacity. Ecosystem services are benefits that directly or indirectly affect human well-being. As ecosystem services are the product of natural systems in interaction with human society, they are essential for economic prosperity, welfare, and human survival. Analysis method: In this regard, the present paper deals with explaining watershed ecosystem services with emphasis on issues related to runoff generation and erosion reduction in watersheds. In addition to thoroughly reviewing studies conducted with different goals, different classification types of ecosystem services, the used approaches in evaluating these services have been examined. In the following, the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (MEA) framework in terms of interaction between ecosystem services and human welfare has been described. In addition, the relationship between watershed management and the improvement of ecosystem services is also discussed. Models used in estimating ecosystem services are mentioned and finally a conclusion from the role and importance of runoff and erosion reduction in ecosystem services as one of the important components of watershed response is provided. Findings: The results of literature review showed that the most related studies focused only on a limited number of ecosystem services, and investigating the location of runoff production and reducing erosion and setting it as an ecosystem service is not very evident in these studies. Discussion and Conclusion: Given that the issue of runoff and erosion is a serious issue in the world and especially in Iran, therefore, measures to identify factors, control and protect areas prone to runoff, sedimentation and erosion are among the most important national duties and measures in the country. Based on this, by broadening studies and researches and providing methods for quantifying and predicting ecosystem services based on runoff regulatory services and erosion reduction, it is possible to help prioritize and zone areas prone to runoff and erosion to explain management strategies and deterrence. Manuscript profile
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  11 - Presenting a Framework for the Presence of Nature in Architecture Based on Systems Thinking
  Minou Gharebaglou Laleh Reshad
  Basis and Goal: This article presents a framework for the presence of nature in architecture based on systems thinking. The main question of this article is how to express the optimal relationship between nature and architecture based on systems thinking. Methods: The More

  Basis and Goal: This article presents a framework for the presence of nature in architecture based on systems thinking. The main question of this article is how to express the optimal relationship between nature and architecture based on systems thinking. Methods: The research method has a descriptive-analytical and inferential nature, which has been done by the systems thinking method with the help of causal loop diagram. Finding: Explaining a framework for the presence of nature in architecture based on systems thinking makes sense within the human-nature-architecture system. Based on the identification of human, nature and architecture subsystems, the dualities of human-architecture, human-nature and finally nature-architecture were identified as the main relationships in the system. Discussion and Conclusion: Results indicate that the framework of the presence of nature in architecture, receives dwelling necessities from the human-architecture relationship and its epistemological goals from the human-nature relationship. Accordingly, during the human-technical-natural process, first, with the help of coexistence with nature in the form of understanding the capabilities of the natural context in the ecosystem-based epistemological system, interaction with the environment is realized. In the next step, using the approach of modeling nature in the form of learning from it and spatial and visual integration with nature leads to the formation of spatial and formal qualities in the body of architecture. All approaches in the epistemological structure of the approach of completing nature, with the aim of promoting human and nature in the direction of human goals and needs, lead to the realization of the matter of dwelling. Manuscript profile
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  12 - Assessment and Sustainable Urban Landscape Design in 2th Region of Tehran Municipality, with Eco-City Approach
  Afrooz Eslami Nasim Sahraei Nejad Seyyed Hossein Moosavi Fatemi
  Basis and Goals: Lack of attention to the issue of sustainability in development process leads cities to a growing trend of unsustainability. Eco-cities pave the way for sustainability through integrated planning and management by saving energy, reducing pollution and i More

  Basis and Goals: Lack of attention to the issue of sustainability in development process leads cities to a growing trend of unsustainability. Eco-cities pave the way for sustainability through integrated planning and management by saving energy, reducing pollution and increasing the quality of life of citizens. In recent years in metropolis of Tehran, the quality of life has declined sharply, so by creating Eco-city, efforts are being made to increase the quality of life of citizens. The main purpose of this study is, first, determining the factors affecting achievement of Eco-city approach and explain their importance, then score the 9areas of Tehran Region2 based on the factors and finally provide design solutions to achieve sustainability and Eco-city. Method: The present research was applied in terms of purpose and in terms of nature, descriptive-analytical and research data were collected through library studies, field surveys and questionnaires. After determining the effective criteria by reviewing theoretical basis and using the opinions of urban landscape experts and AHP analytical method and pair-wise comparison of criteria and calculations in Excel software, the importance of the criteria was weighted and then the potential of different areas of Tehran Region2 was evaluated. Using SWOT technique, the data collected through field surveying of study area will be analyzed to provide more accurate design strategies. Findings: The results of the research show that region 9 has the highest score among the region 2 in terms of using the evaluated criteria effective on the ecological city approach, which means that in this region, compared to other regions, there are more measures to achieve and finally, by carrying out studies to identify and analyze District 9 of region 2 of Tehran Municipality and considering the opportunities and limitations of this area, various solutions for sustainable design and on the way to achieving an ecological city in this area in the form of a strategic plan were proposed and presented. Discussion: Based on the studies, it is clear that the basic design of the urban landscape based on the presented solutions is a platform for increasing the sustainability and development of the ecological city approach and transforming this urban area into a quality habitat for the settlement and survival of human and non-human species, and at the same time, it is a model for Other districts and urban areas will provide with similar conditions. Manuscript profile
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  13 - Taking Advantage of Multi-criteria Decision-making TOPSIS Entropy to Prioritize the Threat of Biodiversity: A Case Study of Khuzestan Province
  Seyed Mohammad Lari Baghal Soolmaz Dashti
  Target: This research is aimed at prioritizing the threat of biodiversity in the country. In this regard, in the first step, the threatening factors, the Dangers and Potential Damage Identifiers and then, according to the large criteria, the probability of occurrence an More

  Target: This research is aimed at prioritizing the threat of biodiversity in the country. In this regard, in the first step, the threatening factors, the Dangers and Potential Damage Identifiers and then, according to the large criteria, the probability of occurrence and environmental sensitivity of the work are evaluated and the classification of threats to biodiversity was taken. Analysis Method: In this paper, the mental storm process is used to identify important threats. The multi-criteria entropy decision-making technique has been used to calculate the probability of occurrence index, severity and sensitivity of each threatening factor, and using the TOPSIS model, identifying threats Prioritized. Results: The results show that the highest amount is related to the destruction of natural habitats with 0.834, Hunter allowed 0.481, And the entry of invasive species, the alienation and illegal trade and climate change 0.304 is placed in the first to third priority respectively. Discussion and conclusion: Considering the need to protect genetic resources and the sensitivity of biodiversity in Khuzestan province, it is necessary and unavoidable to make principled and calculated decisions and implement preventive activities. Manuscript profile
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  14 - Prioritize Depot Wood Locations in Forest Using Hierarchical Analysis
  Zahra Azizi Hamdolah Sadeghi
  Background and Objective: One of the challenges facing the managers and planners of forest selection and prioritization of suitable locations for various uses. The purpose of this study was prioritized the appropriate places in the timber depot of the Lireh Sar basin of More

  Background and Objective: One of the challenges facing the managers and planners of forest selection and prioritization of suitable locations for various uses. The purpose of this study was prioritized the appropriate places in the timber depot of the Lireh Sar basin of Mazandaran province. Method: For this purpose, the options were chosen with at least the requirements for timber depot. In the second step of the selection criteria were specified for timber landing. These criteria include: slope, stand type and the canopy density. In the third step weighting was performed criteria using the analytic hierarchy process and expert opinion. Finally, the rate of adjustment of regions of interest was prioritized. Results: The study measures the standing volume of forest stands adjacent to the depot highest weights (0/575) have been allocated. Among the 6 choice, choices 3 with a standing volume of 300- 400, crown density slope at the depot 50-25% and 10.5% were identified as the best option to construction landing. Conclusion: The results of the weighting of the criteria showed the volume of the forest stands near the depot is the most important. Harvesting of forest stands with high volume requires the existence of wood depots and warehouses in the closest point to the forest stands. Manuscript profile
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  15 - Concentration of micronutrient in Azola at cadmium and salinity contaminated environment
  Salahedin Moradi Leyla Jahanban Tayebeh Basaki
  Introduction: Rapid technological advances in recent decades are despite the many benefits for human, exposed the natural resources and environmental components to various contaminants such as heavy and toxic metals. Materials and Methods: In order to evaluate the pote More

  Introduction: Rapid technological advances in recent decades are despite the many benefits for human, exposed the natural resources and environmental components to various contaminants such as heavy and toxic metals. Materials and Methods: In order to evaluate the potential of azolla, to absorb cadmium and micronutrient from solution contaning different concentrations of salinity, a factorial experiment with completely randomized design and three replications were conducted in the greenhouse. Cadmium was used from cadmium sulfate at the levels of 0, 5, 10, 20, 40, and 80 mg/liter using Epestin nutrient solution. The concentrations of NaCl in Epestin nutrient solutions were 0, 10, 20, 40 and 80 mM. Results: The azolla accumulated high concentration of cadmium solutions in their tissues. Assessing the effect of salinity on cadmium of the azolla indicated that increase in salinity levels of nutrient solution, increased cadmium concentration. Cadmium solutions increasing concentrations of cadmium (in plant), sodium, manganese, copper and decrease iron and zinc. Salinity treatments increased cadmium and sodium and decreasing concentrations of iron, zinc, manganese and copper. Mutual effects of cadmium and salinity treatments increased cadmium and sodium and decreasing concentrations of iron and zinc. Conclusion: Aplications of cadmium and salinity decreased the growth rate of azolla and even caused death where their concentrations were high. Manuscript profile
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  16 - Investigating the Factors Affecting the Development of Sustainable Housing in the Village of Sarvenoo Olya in Kermanshah Province
  Bahareh Miri Aeizh Azmi Mohammad Akbarpoor
  Basic and goal: Sustainable housing is an important part of rural development and therefore it is important to study and address it. Accordingly, the aim of this study is to investigate the factors affecting the development of sustainable housing in the village of Serno More

  Basic and goal: Sustainable housing is an important part of rural development and therefore it is important to study and address it. Accordingly, the aim of this study is to investigate the factors affecting the development of sustainable housing in the village of Serno Alia in Kermanshah province. Methods: The research method is descriptive and practical. A questionnaire was used to collect information. SPSS software was used for data analysis. The reliability of the research tool was 0.84 using Cronbach's alpha. The validity of the research tool was studied through experts in geography, rural planning and rural development, and environmentalists. The sample size was calculated using Cochran's formula of 110 people and systematic random sampling was used. Finding: Spearman's correlation analysis revealed that structural and functional dimensions affect rural housing and the results of regression show that among these two dimensions, functional dimension (with beta value of 0.72) has the most role in rural housing sustainability Discussion and Conclusion: In the context of rural housing structure, economic variables are of great importance to paying attention to lending for improvement of rural housing. In the functional dimension, animal waste and waste at the village level are an important problem. Also, the lack of attention to the native and local fabric and the urbanization of villages and dwellings are among the worries. Manuscript profile
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  17 - Investigation‏‏ of‏‏ chemical‏‏ quality,‏‏ oil‏‏ and‏‏ metal‏‏ contamination‏‏ of‏‏ surface‏‏ waters‏‏ at‏‏ Shazand‏‏ Refinery‏‏ and‏‏ Distribution‏‏ Complex,‏‏ Arak,‏‏ Iran
  Abdorreza Vaezihir Mohammad Ranjdoust Yamchi Ali Kadkhodaie Alireza Gholmohammadi
  Background‏‏ and‏‏ Purpose:‏‏ Pollution‏‏ of‏‏ surface‏‏ water‏‏ by‏‏ hydrocarbon‏‏ compounds‏‏ released‏‏ from‏‏ the‏‏ refineries,‏‏ storage‏‏ tanks& More

  Background‏‏ and‏‏ Purpose:‏‏ Pollution‏‏ of‏‏ surface‏‏ water‏‏ by‏‏ hydrocarbon‏‏ compounds‏‏ released‏‏ from‏‏ the‏‏ refineries,‏‏ storage‏‏ tanks‏‏ and‏‏ convay‏‏ pipline‏‏ is‏‏ very‏‏ possible‏‏ and‏‏ need‏‏ to‏‏ be‏‏ addressed‏‏ with‏‏ high‏‏ sensitivity.‏‏‏‏ Purpose‏‏ of‏‏ this‏‏ study‏‏ is‏‏ investigation‏‏ of‏‏ contamination‏‏ and‏‏ hydrochemical‏‏ properties‏‏ of‏‏ runoff‏‏ waters‏‏ at‏‏ Shazand‏‏ refinery.‏‏ Water‏‏ samples‏‏ collected‏‏ and‏‏ analysed‏‏ for‏‏ major‏‏ ions‏‏ and‏‏ oil‏‏ and‏‏ metal‏‏ contaminants. Research‏‏ method:‏‏ Twoelve‏‏ samples‏‏ were‏‏ collected‏‏ from‏‏ surface‏‏ waters‏‏ of‏‏ the‏‏ refinery‏‏ and‏‏ were‏‏ analyzed‏‏ for‏‏ oil‏‏ materials,‏‏ some‏‏ heavy‏‏ metals,‏‏ nutrients‏‏ and‏‏ major‏‏ ions.‏‏ Some‏‏ other‏‏ parameters‏‏ like‏‏ EC‏‏ and‏‏ pH‏‏ were‏‏ meseared‏‏ in‏‏ situe. Findings:‏‏ According‏‏ to‏‏ the‏‏ results,‏‏ the‏‏ runoff‏‏ in‏‏ some‏‏ parts‏‏ of‏‏ the‏‏ refinery‏‏ shows‏‏ contamination‏‏ by‏‏ benzene.‏‏ Ethylbenzene‏‏ concentration,‏‏ however,‏‏ is‏‏ less‏‏ than‏‏ maximum‏‏ permissible‏‏ level‏‏ and‏‏ no‏‏ evidence‏‏ of‏‏ MTBE‏‏ and‏‏ toluene‏‏ was‏‏ detected. Discussion‏‏ and‏‏ conclusion:‏‏ Pollution‏‏ by‏‏ benzene‏‏ can‏‏ be‏‏ due‏‏ to‏‏ pollutants‏‏ released‏‏ from‏‏ the‏‏ refining‏‏ process‏‏ and‏‏ spilling‏‏ of‏‏ oil.‏‏ A‏‏ part‏‏ of‏‏ BTEX‏‏ pollutants‏‏ in‏‏ surface‏‏ water‏‏ can‏‏ be‏‏ came‏‏ from‏‏ atmospheric‏‏ washout‏‏ during‏‏ precipitation.‏‏ No‏‏ evidents‏‏ of‏‏ MTBE‏‏ detected‏‏ in‏‏ the‏‏ samples.‏‏ ‏‏ It‏‏ should‏‏ be‏‏ mentioned‏‏ that‏‏ BTEX‏‏ and‏‏ MTBE‏‏ are‏‏ volatile‏‏ components‏‏ and‏‏ cannot‏‏ be‏‏ survived‏‏ in‏‏ surface‏‏ water‏‏ for‏‏ a‏‏ long‏‏ time.‏‏ Chemical‏‏ parameters‏‏ such‏‏ as‏‏ EC‏‏ and‏‏ ions‏‏ concentaration‏‏ in‏‏ the‏‏ surface‏‏ water‏‏ in‏‏ the‏‏ central‏‏ area‏‏ of‏‏ the‏‏ refinery‏‏ shows‏‏ an‏‏ anomaly‏‏ which‏‏ would‏‏ be‏‏ related‏‏ to‏‏ the‏‏ industrial‏‏ activites.‏‏ The‏‏ runoff‏‏ of‏‏ this‏‏ part‏‏ of‏‏ the‏‏ refinery‏‏ is‏‏ less‏‏ suitable‏‏ for‏‏ industrial‏‏ and‏‏ agricultural‏‏ usges.‏‏ Manuscript profile
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  18 - Study the effect of teaching sociological studies with project method on elementary school 6th grade male students’ environmental literacy
  sardar akbari maryam sameri
  Aime: the present study has been accomplished with the purpose of “The effect of teaching sociological studies with project method on elementary school 6th grade male students’ environmental literacy”. Methods:The project method was of pseud-experimen More

  Aime: the present study has been accomplished with the purpose of “The effect of teaching sociological studies with project method on elementary school 6th grade male students’ environmental literacy”. Methods:The project method was of pseud-experimental kind which were used in pre-test and post-test with group control plans in its accomplishment. The sample of present research comprise 70 male students of elementary school 6th grade in Dist.1 of Urmia City in academic year 2016-2017 that were selected randomly using convenience sampling and were randomly categorized into 2 groups. In the present study, Salehi Omran and Agha Mohamadi’s Environmental Literacy Measurement Tool (2008) was used with approved contextual justifiability and sustainability coefficient of 771/0 for data collecting. For data analyze descriptive statistics (indexes of central tendecy and dispersion) and inferential (T-test of 2 independent groups and Analyze of Covariance (ANCOVA) were used. Results:The results showed that there is an significant difference among the students’ mean grade points in testing and controlling groups regarding their environmental literacy (knowledge, attitude and potentiality) with fault level of 5% (p <05/0) and the difference is in favor of students with the project method. Conclution: Therefore, it can be concluded that using active project teaching method has a positive effect on students’ environmental literacy. Therefore, it is recommended to provide students with the necessary resources to implement a project teaching method in schools in order to increase the environmental literacy of the students.   Manuscript profile
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  19 - Classification and Assessment of the land use changes using Landsat satellite imagery (Case Study: Rey Plain)
  pegah mohammadpour reza Arjmandi Amir Hesam Hasani Jamal Ghoddousi
  Background and Purpose :Land use change due to human activities is one of the important issues in regional and development planning. Lack of attention to land use changes in recent decades has created many environmental problems such as pollution of water resources, soi More

  Background and Purpose :Land use change due to human activities is one of the important issues in regional and development planning. Lack of attention to land use changes in recent decades has created many environmental problems such as pollution of water resources, soil, etc. Therefore, the study and analysis of land use at different scales with the aim of sustainable development in the proper management of the environment and natural resources is essential. Remote sensing and GIS provide the necessary and sufficient facilities for extracting and updating land use maps and determining its amount. This study aims to investigate changes in land use conversion using remote sensing technology and satellite images for four periods It has been done for 3 years, from 2008 to 2020 in Rey plain. Material and Methodology: TM and OLI satellite images of Landsat 5 and 8 satellites were used to prepare land use maps for the studied years. Then the satellite images were monitored by classification method and were classified using the maximum neighborhood probability algorithm with an overall accuracy of 87.39 to 95.78% and a kappa coefficient of 85 to 93% in four user classes.. In the next step, land use maps were compared. Results: Based on the analysis, it was found that in the period under study, 26.07 square kilometers of Barren lands in this area has changed to agricultural, industrial and residential lands. As a result, the area of Barren lands has decreased and other uses have increased during the studied years. , So that the area of land with agricultural, industrial and residential use has increased by 14.66 square kilometers, 9.77 square kilometers, 1.64 square kilometers, respectively. Discussion and Conclusion: The results of the research show that the most important factor in land use change in the region is human activities that have caused many changes in land use. Analysis of the area of these uses showed that the level of agricultural land has increased significantly, mainly this increase. The result is the conversion of agricultural land use. Finally, the results of this study indicate that the combination of remote sensing techniques and GIS in the implementation of models for assessing spatial-temporal changes in land use, in order to know the type and percentage of land use and the extent of their changes, is very effective. The title of a management parameter can help planners of different executive departments in monitoring and managing the environment.   Manuscript profile
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  20 - Prioritizing the risks of Oil Platforms Construction Using Fuzzy TOPSIS Decision-Making Method: A Case Study, oil platform P4
  Armin Mianji Farhad Khamchin Moghaddam Seyyed Nasser Bashi Azghadi
  Background and Objective: Marine Structures projects, especially the construction of oil platforms, are faced with numerous risks in different stages of design, construction and exploitation, due to factors such as the extent of resources and Uncertainties. Identificati More

  Background and Objective: Marine Structures projects, especially the construction of oil platforms, are faced with numerous risks in different stages of design, construction and exploitation, due to factors such as the extent of resources and Uncertainties. Identification and assessment of these risks as one of the most important measures in the risk management process, will have a significant role in better planning of these projects by managers. Method: In this study, in order to manage the risk of oil platforms project, first, all possible risks in the fields of engineering, executive, environment and passive defense were identified in a library form, and among them,  according to experts’ opinions, 26 risks Were identified as important and effective risks on the project. Finally, to assess and prioritize the risks, multi-criteria decision-making models were used in the fuzzy mathematics environment. Findings: In this regard, after setting the questionnaire to test the hypotheses of the research, relying on experts’ opinions, identified risks were ranked by TOPSIS model in fuzzy environment. Discussion and Conclusions: Survey of the resulting rankings shows that the option of incorrect design due to defect in geotechnical studies in the field of engineering,  the option of stopping executive operations due to lack of supply of providing necessary materials and equipment due to the sanctions in the Executive field, the option of arson and explosion in the field of passive defense and the option of sea water pollution in the field of environment as the most important risks affecting in each of the four areas of the project are studied. Manuscript profile