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1 - Investigation‏‏ of‏‏ chemical‏‏ quality,‏‏ oil‏‏ and‏‏ metal‏‏ contamination‏‏ of‏‏ surface‏‏ waters‏‏ at‏‏ Shazand‏‏ Refinery‏‏ and‏‏ Distribution‏‏ Complex,‏‏ Arak,‏‏ Iran
Abdorreza Vaezihir Mohammad Ranjdoust Yamchi Ali Kadkhodaie Alireza Gholmohammadi

Background&rlm;&rlm; and&rlm;&rlm; Purpose:&rlm;&rlm; Pollution&rlm;&rlm; of&rlm;&rlm; surface&rlm;&rlm; water&rlm;&rlm; by&rlm;&rlm; hydrocarbon&rlm;&rlm; compounds&rlm;&rlm; released&rlm;&rlm; from&rlm;&rlm; the&rlm;&rlm; refineries,&rlm;&rlm; storage&rlm;&rlm; tanks& More

Background&rlm;&rlm; and&rlm;&rlm; Purpose:&rlm;&rlm; Pollution&rlm;&rlm; of&rlm;&rlm; surface&rlm;&rlm; water&rlm;&rlm; by&rlm;&rlm; hydrocarbon&rlm;&rlm; compounds&rlm;&rlm; released&rlm;&rlm; from&rlm;&rlm; the&rlm;&rlm; refineries,&rlm;&rlm; storage&rlm;&rlm; tanks&rlm;&rlm; and&rlm;&rlm; convay&rlm;&rlm; pipline&rlm;&rlm; is&rlm;&rlm; very&rlm;&rlm; possible&rlm;&rlm; and&rlm;&rlm; need&rlm;&rlm; to&rlm;&rlm; be&rlm;&rlm; addressed&rlm;&rlm; with&rlm;&rlm; high&rlm;&rlm; sensitivity.&rlm;&rlm;&rlm;&rlm; Purpose&rlm;&rlm; of&rlm;&rlm; this&rlm;&rlm; study&rlm;&rlm; is&rlm;&rlm; investigation&rlm;&rlm; of&rlm;&rlm; contamination&rlm;&rlm; and&rlm;&rlm; hydrochemical&rlm;&rlm; properties&rlm;&rlm; of&rlm;&rlm; runoff&rlm;&rlm; waters&rlm;&rlm; at&rlm;&rlm; Shazand&rlm;&rlm; refinery.&rlm;&rlm; Water&rlm;&rlm; samples&rlm;&rlm; collected&rlm;&rlm; and&rlm;&rlm; analysed&rlm;&rlm; for&rlm;&rlm; major&rlm;&rlm; ions&rlm;&rlm; and&rlm;&rlm; oil&rlm;&rlm; and&rlm;&rlm; metal&rlm;&rlm; contaminants. Research&rlm;&rlm; method:&rlm;&rlm; Twoelve&rlm;&rlm; samples&rlm;&rlm; were&rlm;&rlm; collected&rlm;&rlm; from&rlm;&rlm; surface&rlm;&rlm; waters&rlm;&rlm; of&rlm;&rlm; the&rlm;&rlm; refinery&rlm;&rlm; and&rlm;&rlm; were&rlm;&rlm; analyzed&rlm;&rlm; for&rlm;&rlm; oil&rlm;&rlm; materials,&rlm;&rlm; some&rlm;&rlm; heavy&rlm;&rlm; metals,&rlm;&rlm; nutrients&rlm;&rlm; and&rlm;&rlm; major&rlm;&rlm; ions.&rlm;&rlm; Some&rlm;&rlm; other&rlm;&rlm; parameters&rlm;&rlm; like&rlm;&rlm; EC&rlm;&rlm; and&rlm;&rlm; pH&rlm;&rlm; were&rlm;&rlm; meseared&rlm;&rlm; in&rlm;&rlm; situe. Findings:&rlm;&rlm; According&rlm;&rlm; to&rlm;&rlm; the&rlm;&rlm; results,&rlm;&rlm; the&rlm;&rlm; runoff&rlm;&rlm; in&rlm;&rlm; some&rlm;&rlm; parts&rlm;&rlm; of&rlm;&rlm; the&rlm;&rlm; refinery&rlm;&rlm; shows&rlm;&rlm; contamination&rlm;&rlm; by&rlm;&rlm; benzene.&rlm;&rlm; Ethylbenzene&rlm;&rlm; concentration,&rlm;&rlm; however,&rlm;&rlm; is&rlm;&rlm; less&rlm;&rlm; than&rlm;&rlm; maximum&rlm;&rlm; permissible&rlm;&rlm; level&rlm;&rlm; and&rlm;&rlm; no&rlm;&rlm; evidence&rlm;&rlm; of&rlm;&rlm; MTBE&rlm;&rlm; and&rlm;&rlm; toluene&rlm;&rlm; was&rlm;&rlm; detected. Discussion&rlm;&rlm; and&rlm;&rlm; conclusion:&rlm;&rlm; Pollution&rlm;&rlm; by&rlm;&rlm; benzene&rlm;&rlm; can&rlm;&rlm; be&rlm;&rlm; due&rlm;&rlm; to&rlm;&rlm; pollutants&rlm;&rlm; released&rlm;&rlm; from&rlm;&rlm; the&rlm;&rlm; refining&rlm;&rlm; process&rlm;&rlm; and&rlm;&rlm; spilling&rlm;&rlm; of&rlm;&rlm; oil.&rlm;&rlm; A&rlm;&rlm; part&rlm;&rlm; of&rlm;&rlm; BTEX&rlm;&rlm; pollutants&rlm;&rlm; in&rlm;&rlm; surface&rlm;&rlm; water&rlm;&rlm; can&rlm;&rlm; be&rlm;&rlm; came&rlm;&rlm; from&rlm;&rlm; atmospheric&rlm;&rlm; washout&rlm;&rlm; during&rlm;&rlm; precipitation.&rlm;&rlm; No&rlm;&rlm; evidents&rlm;&rlm; of&rlm;&rlm; MTBE&rlm;&rlm; detected&rlm;&rlm; in&rlm;&rlm; the&rlm;&rlm; samples.&rlm;&rlm; &rlm;&rlm; It&rlm;&rlm; should&rlm;&rlm; be&rlm;&rlm; mentioned&rlm;&rlm; that&rlm;&rlm; BTEX&rlm;&rlm; and&rlm;&rlm; MTBE&rlm;&rlm; are&rlm;&rlm; volatile&rlm;&rlm; components&rlm;&rlm; and&rlm;&rlm; cannot&rlm;&rlm; be&rlm;&rlm; survived&rlm;&rlm; in&rlm;&rlm; surface&rlm;&rlm; water&rlm;&rlm; for&rlm;&rlm; a&rlm;&rlm; long&rlm;&rlm; time.&rlm;&rlm; Chemical&rlm;&rlm; parameters&rlm;&rlm; such&rlm;&rlm; as&rlm;&rlm; EC&rlm;&rlm; and&rlm;&rlm; ions&rlm;&rlm; concentaration&rlm;&rlm; in&rlm;&rlm; the&rlm;&rlm; surface&rlm;&rlm; water&rlm;&rlm; in&rlm;&rlm; the&rlm;&rlm; central&rlm;&rlm; area&rlm;&rlm; of&rlm;&rlm; the&rlm;&rlm; refinery&rlm;&rlm; shows&rlm;&rlm; an&rlm;&rlm; anomaly&rlm;&rlm; which&rlm;&rlm; would&rlm;&rlm; be&rlm;&rlm; related&rlm;&rlm; to&rlm;&rlm; the&rlm;&rlm; industrial&rlm;&rlm; activites.&rlm;&rlm; The&rlm;&rlm; runoff&rlm;&rlm; of&rlm;&rlm; this&rlm;&rlm; part&rlm;&rlm; of&rlm;&rlm; the&rlm;&rlm; refinery&rlm;&rlm; is&rlm;&rlm; less&rlm;&rlm; suitable&rlm;&rlm; for&rlm;&rlm; industrial&rlm;&rlm; and&rlm;&rlm; agricultural&rlm;&rlm; usges.&rlm;&rlm; Manuscript profile

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List of Articles Alireza Golmohamadi