Human & Environment: 4 (29)

Open Access Article

1 - Dispersion modelling of SO2 pollution Emitted from Ramin Ahwaz power plant using AERMOD model
IMAN Momeni afshin Danehkar sahebe Karimi nemat allah Khorasani

Air pollution defined as ”existence ofAir pollution defined as ”existence of unfavourable matters in concentration, duration, and frequencies that can has an adverse effect on human wellbeing and environment”. World health organization (WHO) estimates More

Air pollution defined as ”existence ofAir pollution defined as ”existence of unfavourable matters in concentration, duration, and frequencies that can has an adverse effect on human wellbeing and environment”. World health organization (WHO) estimates that annually 500000 persons have unripe death because ofair pollution. Sulphur dioxide is one of the air  pollutant that has acute effects on human health.Fossil fuels consumption in point sources and industrial processes is the main source of sulphur dioxide was emitted to atmosphere. Annuallyaround 547500 tons of sulphur dioxide emitted from thermal power  lants in Iran. In comparison of other industries, thermal power plants are main source of this type of pollutions in Iran. In this study we used AERMOD model (a kind of GAUSSIAN models) to Dispersion modelling of SO2 pollution from Ramin Ahwaz power plant. The results have shown that   ulphur dioxide concentration emitted from this power plant in any  indition of weather is lower than threshold limits specified by Iran DOE and US EPA. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - Technical, Environmental and Financial Feasibility Study of Solar Power Plants by Retscreen, according to the Targeting of Energy Subsidies (Case Study: Photovoltaic Plant of Tehran Science and Research Branch Islamic Azad University)
Majid abbaspour Ali reza Mirzayehosseini Taraneh Taheri

The energy consumption growth in the country has been increased so much that it has made us an importer of energy instead of being a major exporter.In order to face such a threat, implementing strategies to optimize energy production and consumption,modif More

The energy consumption growth in the country has been increased so much that it has made us an importer of energy instead of being a major exporter.In order to face such a threat, implementing strategies to optimize energy production and consumption,modifying energy consumption patterns and utilization of renewable energies is necessary. In this regard Iran Azad University, as one of the first pioneers of utilization of renewable energies incampuses, has established a 12 kW photovoltaic power plant in Tehran science and Research Branch of it.In this study, we have taken advantage of The RETScreen International Photovoltaic Project Model in order to evaluate the energy production, life-cycle costs and greenhouse gas emissions reduction and finally analyze the financial viability.In this study, based on new electricity tariffs, three scenarios have been developed, according tothe targeting of energy subsidies and we have also dedicated one of our scenarios to the reduction ofgreenhouse gasses. In the first case the electricity price was set to 450 Rial/kWh and no credit was assigned to the reduction of greenhouse gasses (GHG), therefore equity payback (Return positive cash flow) has been 12.1 year. In the second case the electricity price was set to 2100 Rial/kWh, therefore equity payback (Return positivecash flow) was 8 year. Finally in the last scenario by considering a credit to the reduction of greenhouse gasses and electricity price being 2100 Rial/kWh and applying solar panels with high efficiency and suitableatteries(DOD=60%), equity payback(Return positive cash flow) will be reached within6 years. In conclusion, we can say that by applyingnew technologies and establishing supportive policiesof the government payback time can be reducedremarkably Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - Preparing Heating Atlas of Iran Entire Zones By Degree- Day Method to Prepare Energy Consumption Scale
mehdi Mehrabi abdolrazagh Kaabi-Nejadian morteza Khalaji Asadi

Considering fossil fuels depletion and increasing of energy demand in Iran, a special attention is requiredtoward the energy conservation. Energy demand of building section in Iran is very high, which is as a resultof many factors such as governmental huge sub More

Considering fossil fuels depletion and increasing of energy demand in Iran, a special attention is requiredtoward the energy conservation. Energy demand of building section in Iran is very high, which is as a resultof many factors such as governmental huge subsidies for energy, lack of energy conservation culture inbuilding inhabitants, poor insulation of buildings and poor heating or cooling control systems.Most of buildings heating control systems in Iran do not respond properly to weather temperature changes during winters, therefore most of the time the interior temperature of these buildings exceed the comfort temperature, thus these buildings are not energy efficient and consume excessive amount of energy. The most important index to identify these buildings across the country is to know HDDs for each point of the country.Unfortunately, up to now no comprehensive research has been conducted in Iran about HDDs, and thus no HDDs atlas has been provided, therefore it is essential for energy managers, engineers and in particular for the government to be supplied with HDDs for each point of Iran. By taking this fact into account, we decided to prepare a comprehensive HDDs atlas for Iran entire zones.In this paper authorized temperature databases of 255 meteorological stations in 30 provinces of Iran havebeen collected from Iran meteorological organization, thereafter, by processing the temperature databases, theannually HDDs for each station were calculated, then a mathematical modeling (multiple regression analysis technique) was employed in order to simulate the HDDs of other places in Iran. Consequently, a HDDs Atlas across Iran entire zones was provided.As a result of this work, by providing a HDDs atlas, the government would be capable of pointing out buildings that consider energy conservation standard scales with proper heating control systems and continue to support them with subsidies, if not they can warn them to reform their energy consumption methods, this policy enhances the government abilities to manage the rate of energy consumption in buildings. Furthermore, energy managers and engineers will be provided with a standard index to calculate annual energy requirement of each building by considering energy conservation aims. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - Presenting a decision–making model for landfill site selection geology using analytical hierarchy process (AHP) emphacis (case study : landfill of Semnan Industrial Town)
saeid Kamyabi babak ghotbooie Morteza hasanabadi

The various criteria and parameters are involved in site selection of landfill that whichever have particular importance and cause restrictions in the selection. The final goal of these criteria are choosing the most suitable site that has the least environmental advers More

The various criteria and parameters are involved in site selection of landfill that whichever have particular importance and cause restrictions in the selection. The final goal of these criteria are choosing the most suitable site that has the least environmental adverse impacts. Thus, applying managerial decision making methods such as multiple criteria techniques can be useful in this regard .In this paper ,design and present  a decision making model using group analytical hierarchy process in order to selection the best site for landfill .The model of this paper applied in the real world in order to landfill site selection of Semnan Industrial Town. The results of this  paper  indicate that applying this technique in the  proposed model can consider experts idea in  ranking the candidate sites and selection the best site of landfill of SemnanIndustrialTown and significantly decrease the costs reluctant unsuitable site selection . Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - Investigation expansion and occurrence of red tide in the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea using analysis of MODIS sensor data
samad Hamzei mohammad sedigh Mortazavi abas ali Aliakbari Bidokht Abolhassan Gheibi

Cochlodinium polykrikoides red tide occurred in the fall and winter 2008-2009 in the coastal waters of Persian Gulf and Oman Sea that surprised many marine and environmental organizations.This phenomenon with more than thirty tons fisheries mortality More

Cochlodinium polykrikoides red tide occurred in the fall and winter 2008-2009 in the coastal waters of Persian Gulf and Oman Sea that surprised many marine and environmental organizations.This phenomenon with more than thirty tons fisheries mortality in the Hormozgan province caused to decrease fish consumption by the people. In this research, we received data and images from Aqua and Terra satellites of  ODIS sensor. We used the local algorithms for making Persian Gulf and Oman Sea chlorophyll and temperature images.We compared local algorithm with field measurements and satellite images and observations of real remote sensing data. We corrected spectral coefficients, and ultimately results, was useful expansion rate of harmful algalbloom.Satellite images show increase chlorophyll in areas harmful algal bloom (red tide) was occurred.In the industrial population cities bordering the Strait of Hormuz, algal density is high. The inflow current has important role to Transfusion of red tide to the western regions of the Persian Gulf.Most of the growth of red tide in the north of the Strait can be seen by the satellite is close to 9 months in this area has been steady. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - The role of Energy Building Management system(EBMS) in optimization of energy consumption in the building
sanaz Ghazi Azam Naderi

Energy Building Management System (EBMS) creates ideal situation due to energy efficiency of thebuildings with consideration of the latest technologies.Although limitation of energy sources is one of the critical problems in human life, urbanization inunsuitab More

Energy Building Management System (EBMS) creates ideal situation due to energy efficiency of thebuildings with consideration of the latest technologies.Although limitation of energy sources is one of the critical problems in human life, urbanization inunsuitable locations is other factor for energy wasting in the buildings. Consequently, consideration of a Seri ofchanges in heating and cooling systems of the buildings could be prevented of energy wasting in differentparts of the buildings. Design of intelligence energy management system and application of renewableenergies such as solar and wind could be minimized energy consumption. In this paper, samples of designand installation of intelligence management system.in the country were surveyed and with comparison ofthese studies, some suggestions were presented. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

7 - proposition a model for estimating the enviromental impacts(externalities) of urbar transportation in Tehran
zahra Abedi Milad Saffari vahid Sharifi

Positive and negative externalities are one of the most important issues in economic analysis. In economics, an externality, or transaction spillover, is a cost or benefit not transmitted through prices that is incurred by a party who did not agree t More

Positive and negative externalities are one of the most important issues in economic analysis. In economics, an externality, or transaction spillover, is a cost or benefit not transmitted through prices that is incurred by a party who did not agree to the action causing the cost or benefit.In this article we try to estimate the effect of extention of urban transportation on Carbon monoxide in the air of Tehran as a positive or negative externality.The models in this article are estimated by Ordinary least squares method.According to the results in both estimated models for two separate stations Metro and BRT have positive  externality and Gross domestic product has negative externality  Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

8 - Inventory of Landslide as an Environmental Hazard and Investigation of its Impact on Forest (Case Study: Chafrood District; Guilan Province)
Tooba Abedi seyeid ataollah Hosseini Ramin Naghdi

Windthrow in forest ecosystems is due to different microsites creation that can be effective on biodiversity of plant elements. Canopy gaps and pit – mounds (PMs) creation are the most common microsites.Current reseach was considered to investigate More

Windthrow in forest ecosystems is due to different microsites creation that can be effective on biodiversity of plant elements. Canopy gaps and pit – mounds (PMs) creation are the most common microsites.Current reseach was considered to investigate of the effect of these microsites on diversity, richness and evenness parameters. For this purpose, twenty hectare areas considered in the Tarbiat Modares University Experimental Forest Station that is located in Mazandaran province, northern Iran. Twenty onecanopy gaps with thirty four uprooted trees were found in these areas. Line transect method was used forsampling and plant abundances were also recorded in canopy gaps. Circles plots with radius of 4 meter in intersection of PMs and 20 - 30 meter distance far from PM position were designed for recording cover percent of herbaceous plants. The diversity parameters were significantly different in canopy gaps areas. Biodiversity indices amounts had ascending trend with increasing of canopy gaps areas. PMs were significantly effective on diversityparameters also. Diversity and evenness indices showed significantly increasing on PMs position.Richness was increased on PMs, but no significant statistically difference was considered. The obtained results are indicating windthrow is effective on plant community''s dynamics, which should be considered in forest management Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

9 - Windthrow Effects on Biodiversity of Natural Forest Ecosystem in Local Scale
yahya Kooch seyed mohsen Hosseini jahangard Mohammadi seyeid mohammad Hojjati

Windthrow in forest ecosystems is due to different microsites creation that can be effective on biodiversity of plant elements. Canopy gaps and pit – mounds (PMs) creation are the most common microsites.Current reseach was considered to investigate More

Windthrow in forest ecosystems is due to different microsites creation that can be effective on biodiversity of plant elements. Canopy gaps and pit – mounds (PMs) creation are the most common microsites.Current reseach was considered to investigate of the effect of these microsites on diversity, richness and evenness parameters. For this purpose, twenty hectare areas considered in the Tarbiat Modares University Experimental Forest Station that is located in Mazandaran province, northern Iran. Twenty one canopy gaps with thirty four uprooted trees were found in these areas. Line transect method was used for sampling and plant abundances were also recorded in canopy gaps. Circles plots with radius of 4 meter in intersection of PMs and 20 - 30 meter distance far from PM position were designed for recording cover percent of herbaceous plants. The diversity  parameters were significantly different in canopy gaps areas. Biodiversity indices amounts had ascending trend with increasing of canopy gaps areas. PMs were significantly effective on diversity parameters also. Diversity and evenness indices showed significantly increasing on PMs position.Richness was increased on PMs, but no significant statistically difference was considered. The obtained results are indicating windthrow is effective on plant community's dynamics, which should be considered in forest management Manuscript profile

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