Human & Environment: 4 (25)

Open Access Article

1 - Position of Software Analysis in Energy Auditing in Buildings
Majid Abbaspour Mojtaba Rezaeian Bajgiran

An exponentially increasing energy consumption in recent years, on one hand, is a reflection of athriving economy in which the wheels of industries circulate and various manufactured industrialproducts are distributed globally. While on the other hand it can be an indic More

An exponentially increasing energy consumption in recent years, on one hand, is a reflection of athriving economy in which the wheels of industries circulate and various manufactured industrialproducts are distributed globally. While on the other hand it can be an indication of a drastic escalationin energy consumption owing to low national energy prices which does not oblige industries or otherenergy consumers in general to follow efficient energy consumption patterns. The lack of suchapproach toward consumption has resulted in enacting a series of rules with the aim of economizingconsumption. An efficient tool in planning economical consumption methods is auditing softwarewhich renders help to authorities in regulating the consumption. A matter of significance in ourdiscussion is the status of software-based analysis of energy auditing in construction industry and theneed for such software's. Finally, several software packages are introduced which can be used in thisprocess and their advantages and disadvantages also are explained. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - A Comparative Analysis of the Legal Status of Noise Pollution in Iran and Some Asian Countries.
Farhad Dabiri Parvin Nassiri Noushin Ahan Robaee

Generally, the major factors in producing noise especially in large cities are industrialactivities, constructional equipments and machines, motor vehicles, motorcycles, undergrounds andtramways, airplanes, ships and motorboats.Some Asian countries such as China, Turkey More

Generally, the major factors in producing noise especially in large cities are industrialactivities, constructional equipments and machines, motor vehicles, motorcycles, undergrounds andtramways, airplanes, ships and motorboats.Some Asian countries such as China, Turkey, and Japan have adopted legal measures tocontrol and eliminate the noise pollution Since, the Iranian legal system in the area of noise pollutionsuffers insufficiencies and problems, a comparative analysis of the laws and regulations of Iran and afew selected Asian countries can be helpful for finding the shortcomings as to the control of thepollution in Iran and Tehran. This paper is aimed at identifying the above-mentioned defects throughstudying the legal status of noise pollution in Iran as compared to a few other Asian countries. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - Ecological Capability Evaluation on Zakherd Watershed for Ecotourism Development by application of GIS.
Solmaz Dashti Masoud Monavari Mahmoud Shariat Gholam Reza Sabzghabaei

Ecological capability evaluation is used as a base for decision-making and planning of landuse in the world. This action applies because of the necessity for selection of functions and optimalplaces in environmental management and planning to achieve sustainable develop More

Ecological capability evaluation is used as a base for decision-making and planning of landuse in the world. This action applies because of the necessity for selection of functions and optimalplaces in environmental management and planning to achieve sustainable development.In this study, Ecological capability evaluation of Zakherd watershed with extent about of82.23 km2 which is situated in North-West of Shiraz and East of Kazeroon in Fars Province, wasimplemented.In the Ecological Capability Evaluation on Zakherd watershed the Mc. Harg method wasused. In order to evaluate the capability of the land a model was required. In this research anecological model from Makhdoum was used. For developing the present management of land of Ecotourismuse in that area specific and precise system GIS was used. Through this research, at firstecological resources (physical & biological) were identified. Digital data with accompany of attributedata was given to the Arcview system to establish the data base. Therefore by overlaying informationlayers in the mentioned system the ecological unit map of area with the table of characteristic unit, andthen the evaluation of capability was performed. Subsequently fertilized regions appropriate forecotourism development were found.Results of the study show that with regard to the whole ecological parameters, 0.94% of thestudied land with an area of less than 1 km2 is suitable for centered recreation and 24 % of the landwith area of 19.72 km2 is suitable for extended recreation. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - Determination of MODFLOW model sensitivity toward distribution coefficient (Kd)
Mohammad Nickhah Monfared Mohammad Reza Sabour

One of the important effectives that recently lionizes in Environmental Geotechnics, is"distribution Coefficient (Kd)". The range of this parameter is very wide, ranging as much as "0" to"1000" and more. This wide range is important in using numerical models for undergr More

One of the important effectives that recently lionizes in Environmental Geotechnics, is"distribution Coefficient (Kd)". The range of this parameter is very wide, ranging as much as "0" to"1000" and more. This wide range is important in using numerical models for underground water andcontaminant transformation modeling. MODFLOW is one of the appropriate models in undergroundwater and contaminant transformation modeling.It is very important to understand the sensitivity of this model towards Kd and the effects ofselected method in modeling given the necessity of this model to distribution Coefficient and itsability about calculation of Kd in 3 methods.This research has been performed for the soil of Rey zone with MTBE and all of the tests have beenperformed according to ASTM standards.Finally it is concluded that the sensitivity of MODFLOW toward value of Kd and itscalculation method is inconsiderable and the model is most appropriate when Kd is not known. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - Preparation of necessary data for sewerage design using ArcGIS software
Amirhosein Javid Amirhasam Hasani aliasghar aleshekh Fatemeh Rahman

Due to the plentiful abilities of GIS and its usage in various knowledge's specially water andwastewater, usage of GIS because of abundant advantages compare of its disadvantages is ascompleted and very suitable software for designer engineers. In this research has been More

Due to the plentiful abilities of GIS and its usage in various knowledge's specially water andwastewater, usage of GIS because of abundant advantages compare of its disadvantages is ascompleted and very suitable software for designer engineers. In this research has been investigatedusage of ArcGIS for determination of demanded parameters for sewerage designing in studying zone(Nabovat minicity in the Ilam province).In this research, ArcGIS was used as perfected software and SewerCad was used asaccounting software. Therefore sewerage designing was devided to below phases:First phase: Pipe length, zone area of covering a pipe and interpolation of earth height digits onmanholes were determined by ArcGIS software.Second phase: Data related to characteristics of topography, meteorology and statistical (forexample, population, water and wastewater capita) were prepared.Third phase: Ago data were used for analysis by SewerCad software.Fourth phase: Usage of ArcGIS software was compared with similar softwares as qualitative.Results of this research showed: Usage of ArcGIS software for data determination of seweragedesigning, eliminated main defects other softwares used for this object and increased precision,quickness and readiness of data determination for sewerage designing (for example: defection ofAutoCad software for covering area determination of each pipe by selection a point on pipe). Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - Soil Erosion; Challenges, Costs and its Conservation Benefits
Mehran Mojarad Ashena Abad Ali Reza Rohani

In future, soil erosion will be a great challenge for biosphere. If the soils today are notprotected carefully hunger crises all over the world will be widespread. The present article endeavorsto survey soil erosion process and approaches to prevent it. Furthermore the More

In future, soil erosion will be a great challenge for biosphere. If the soils today are notprotected carefully hunger crises all over the world will be widespread. The present article endeavorsto survey soil erosion process and approaches to prevent it. Furthermore the article tries to review therelation between soil character and soil production capability shedding light on the effect of erosion onsoil characters. There will also be a review of presented models by Pimentel and et al (1995). Finallythe results of economic valuation of erosion damages in different parts of the world will be analysed.Cost – Benefit analysis will be done with regard to soil erosion. The article will be concluded byplacing emphasis on the importance of economic valuation of erosion and the necessity of soilprotection Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

7 - Effect of acid rain on environment and Persepolis archaeological zone
Mohammad Mehdi Ghanbari Sayed Mahdi Bourghaee Amir Hessam Hassani Sima Farjadfard

According to erosion stones in Perspolis archeological zone, it was decided to study parametersaffecting this process. In this research, geographical map of the site and direction of seasonal andyearly winds were studied and samples of rain water were analyzed. Rain wat More

According to erosion stones in Perspolis archeological zone, it was decided to study parametersaffecting this process. In this research, geographical map of the site and direction of seasonal andyearly winds were studied and samples of rain water were analyzed. Rain water samples fromdifferent locations of Marvdasht city in spring, autumn and winter was collected and tested for acidity.pH of the rain samples of Perspolis region varied between 5.97 and 6.58 during three seasons and allof them were acid rains, which could be one of the most important factors in erosion process of thisenvironment. It is predicted that pollutants emitted from Shiraz Petrochemical Company, Marvdashtcity industries and also exhaust from vehicles have moved toward the west and north-west zone bymentioned winds. So, these pollutants are conflicted to Rahmat mountains (Perspolis archeologicalzone is placed in hillside of Rahmat mountains) and soluted into rainfalls and finally washed with therain water (named acid rain) onto stones and environment of this zone. Manuscript profile

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