Human & Environment: 2 (2)

Open Access Article

1 - Impact of human capital on environmental quality
Parvaneh Salatin Niloufar ghaffari somea

  Impact of human capital on environmental quality   Parvaneh Salatin[1]*(Corresponding Author) p_salatin@iauec.ac.ir                        &nbs More

  Impact of human capital on environmental quality   Parvaneh Salatin[1]*(Corresponding Author) p_salatin@iauec.ac.ir                                                        Niloufar ghaffari somea[2]   Abstract Environment has been one of the most crucial and important concerns of the human societies during the last few decades up to the present time. Therefore, much attention has been paid to environmental problems in recent years, especially to the problem of air pollution. Air pollution in many major cities in the world is so serious that it has compelled the governments to implement short-term and long-term programs and policies. In this regard, the main objective of this paper is to analyze the effect of human capital on CO2 emission as an indicator of environmental quality in selected countries with average income. This is an applied research by objective, a causal research by study method, and an inferential research by methodology. To analyze the effect of human capital on environmental quality in selected countries with average income, CO2 emission has been selected out of the indicators of environmental quality. Results from model estimation by the Fixed Effects Method and the Method of Generalized Moments in selected countries in the 1998-2013 period show that human capital have a negative and meaningful effect on CO2 emission as an indicator of environmental quality. [1]- Department of Economics, Firoozkooh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Firoozkooh, Iran. *(Corresponding Author). [2] - Department of Industrial  engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - Principles and Concepts to Achieve Successful Ecotourism
Seyedhamed Mirkarimi Sahar Saeidi Sepideh Saeidi

Tourism is now one of the most important economic, social and cultural issues. Development of ecotourism as one of the most attractive type of tourism could have had remarkable environmental impacts in addition to its economic, social and cultural effects. These effects More

Tourism is now one of the most important economic, social and cultural issues. Development of ecotourism as one of the most attractive type of tourism could have had remarkable environmental impacts in addition to its economic, social and cultural effects. These effects would have had destructive impacts on many aspects of human and natural environment if not carefully considered, and do not develop preventive measures in the form of guidelines, standards and continuous evaluations and would have caused instability in environment and consequently in ecotourism. However, ecotourism as an appropriate tool could have had a global or regional role in sustainable tourism. Unfortunately, ecotourism now is not properly managed and is defined in a way that is far from the standards which are discussed in this paper to achieve sustainable success. For example, community participation and satisfaction of native people in tourism activities is one of the necessities to achieve the goals of sustainable tourism. On the other hand, adopted tourism policies not only should have pay attention to the marketing and the number of visitors but also should considered to the visitors experience quality and the region integrity. The purpose of this article is to explain, interpret and differentiate the concepts of tourism and ecotourism and develop some of the required principles and policies to achieve the sustainable tourism using ecotourism. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - Miami Ecological Capability Evaluation for Urban Sustainable Development by Using AHP Method
Hoossin Arab Asadi Masoomeh Rostami

Physical development of cities, the destruction of agricultural lands and expand into areas vulnerable areas such as flood, the river, the faults and improper slope to follow that leads to ecological balance and sustainability in cities as well as to costs and financial More

Physical development of cities, the destruction of agricultural lands and expand into areas vulnerable areas such as flood, the river, the faults and improper slope to follow that leads to ecological balance and sustainability in cities as well as to costs and financial losses in the event of natural hazards causing loss of life is therefore essential ecological capability evaluation. Knowing the importance of this study and to determine suitable areas for urban development by using multi-criteria evaluation (MCE) has been developed in Miami. In this study, the proportion of urban land for development within the study area based on ten criteria Miami (public interest and the interests of the people, the height and slope of the land, the situation with respect to natural hazards, distance to agricultural land, the distance from the surface the area, the dedicated, cost, and the costs of preparing applications to heterogeneous) criteria. In analyzing the data, descriptive and inferential statistics were used. The weighting of the criteria and parameters of AHP hierarchical model of knowledge experts and Software Export choice was used. The most important determining factors in the development of the city of Miami, respectively, including preparation costs, the cost of buying, tilt and height, natural hazards, proper land area, public interest, disparate applications, surface water, and land devoted to agriculture it was found that the weight of each criterion. The main obstacles to development in the south of the natural factors and the agricultural land in the northern city of endowment was diagnosed. Land suitability map was produced in Miami. The map of the four areas for future development of the Miami-based urban development horizon highway to the town of North Road East, Imam and the old town of the city, compared to other areas of the city can be more ecological And to better assess the sustainable development of the next priority Shhrkshrq, then Imam and the old town is located. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - Investigation of habitation value of four under protected areas from the viewpoint of wind erosion zonation in Yazd province
Mohammadhassan Sadeghi Ravesh

According to desert habitation sensitivity and for optimum management of these areas and zone, it is essential that all effective factors in the habitation situation are investigated. Therefore in this research the relationship between wind erosion as a climatic-anthrop More

According to desert habitation sensitivity and for optimum management of these areas and zone, it is essential that all effective factors in the habitation situation are investigated. Therefore in this research the relationship between wind erosion as a climatic-anthropogenic common phenomenon in desert area and under protected areas is studied in Yazd Province. By estimating the rate of wind erosion in such area, the capability of environment for providing appropriate conditions for animal species subsistence can also be estimated. This research has two parts: first, using of iso-erosion map and under protected areas map in order to determine of affected regions in every zone. Second, determination of habitation value of four under protected areas on the basis of food, water and security as three variable factors. Finally the correlation of the value of each habitation with the area of the regions was determined. The results showed there is strong correlation between two mentioned factors (r = -0.87). It means that effective factors of the increase of wind erosion amount affect on the quality of protected habitation and habitation value reduce proportional with the increase of the area of affected regions.  Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - Estimation for potato products water requirement in Torbat Heidariyah region and determining the actual Evapotranspiration based on the reference Evapotranspiration
Gholamabas Fallahgh ghalhari Mohammad baaghideh Hasan Rezaei

Potato is a tuberous product with important value in food supply for world and because of high efficiency per surface unit; it has higher energy and protein per surface unit than wheat and rice. In order to increase the plantation of potato prevention of water waste is More

Potato is a tuberous product with important value in food supply for world and because of high efficiency per surface unit; it has higher energy and protein per surface unit than wheat and rice. In order to increase the plantation of potato prevention of water waste is essential. One effective way to the purpose of this investigation is a well programmed irrigation protocol which is achievable an exact estimation of the need of the plants for Water requirement. The applicable equation to estimate Evapotranspiration does not use the same climate parameters and due to the practical entity of this process they are not applicable for all climate conditions. Thereby, there has to be a suitable equation to be used in each region. To reach this goal, in this study, by the aid of data collected from Torbat Heidariyah weather station, the amount of real Evapotranspiration has been calculated using correlation coefficient and compared with the reference Evapotranspiration (F-P-M).The results show that the amount of Evapotranspiration is 2/63 times more than the mean precipitation in growing season. It means that the plants have been using their moisture storage to accomplish their Evapotranspiration. In order to replenish the moist content in plants irrigation is essential. Using the Cropwat method, potato need for water supply was estimated 803/1mm from the beginning of implantation to the end of harvesting and the estimation of the amount of water to supply this need is equal to 741/9mm. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - Review the status of environmental education in Iran and comparison with other countries
Zahra Hemmati Seyyed Mohammad Shobeiri

In recent years, environmental education has become a priority growing locally, nationally and internationally. United Nations decade of education for sustainable development (2005-2014), invites all member states to attempt to increase the commitment for educate people More

In recent years, environmental education has become a priority growing locally, nationally and internationally. United Nations decade of education for sustainable development (2005-2014), invites all member states to attempt to increase the commitment for educate people, about the need to establish a sustainable future and create capable citizens to perform its. Therefore, the environment as well as one of the main components of sustainable development requires training. Since from 1970s, many meetings and conferences been held in this area, some of which are quite important due to influence legislation, design and implementation of environmental education programs throughout the world. Many countries have done appropriate efforts in this regard, although some of these countries are in the early stages. This study is a documentary research review status of environmental education in Iran in comparison with other countries. First, legislation and development programs were considered in order to investigate the status of environmental education in national laws and then, programs and activities related to environmental education by various organizations were studied. Finally, it was concluded that environmental education in Iran is in the beginning of the path, although limited efforts, but effective have been done in this area. Also some recommendations are provided to improve position of Iran in terms of environmental education. Manuscript profile

XML

List of Articles