Human & Environment: 4 (41)

Open Access Article

1 - Determination of Nitrate and Nitrite concentrations in Groundwater Resources of Dehgolan City
Farzaeh Mohammadzaheri Bagher Safari Zahra2 Bagheri Soheil Sobhanardakani

Nitrate and nitrite ions are important pollutants of surface waters and groundwater resources which can have adverse effects on the health of consumers. Therefore the purpose of this study was determination of nitrate and nitrite concentrations in groundwater resources More

Nitrate and nitrite ions are important pollutants of surface waters and groundwater resources which can have adverse effects on the health of consumers. Therefore the purpose of this study was determination of nitrate and nitrite concentrations in groundwater resources of Dehgolan City.Groundwater samples were collected from20 selected stations during before and after of fertilization periods in 2012. The samples are prepared according to APHA method and concentrations of nitrate and nitrite anions analyzed using spectrophotometer on the wavelengths of 420 and 543 nm respectively. All statistical analyses were performed using the SPSS statistical package.The results showed that mean concentrations of nitrate and nitrite anions in groundwater samples for before fertilization period were 8.66±0.97 and 0.001±0.0003 mg L-1, respectively, and for after fertilization period were 69.20±8.82 and 0.013±0.006 mg L-1, respectively. Also comparison of the mean concentration of nitrate in groundwater samples after fertilization period with Iran DOE permissible limits for drinking use showed that significant difference (p<0.05). So that the mean concentration of nitrate significantly upper than permissible limits.Conclusion: According to the results of this study because of the mean concentration of nitrate significantly upper than permissible limits, therefore long-term excessive use of agricultural inputs and construction of polluting industries, can cause a threat to groundwater resources, and health of residents in this area. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - Investigating green environment on human community: Physical activity, body and mental health and reducing accident
Maryam Moslehi Mahsa Rafaati Akram Ahmadi

Todays, in the face of growing threats to the nature and landscape, protection of green space is considered due to the economic and ethical reasons while its potential for human health is remarkable that has been received little attention. Being in nature has a positive More

Todays, in the face of growing threats to the nature and landscape, protection of green space is considered due to the economic and ethical reasons while its potential for human health is remarkable that has been received little attention. Being in nature has a positive effect on physical and psychological activities of human. It removes stress and daily work pressure from humans and provides a calm environment for them. Also the green scenery on the road environment, by reducing stress and providing peace of mind, increases the attention of drivers and decreases the rate of accident. Green space around hospitals by reducing of pollution, physical and mental health improvement, creates a happier environment for patients. As a result, on the one hand it makes easier for the hospital employees to care of patient and save their energy and On the other hand It reduces patient recovery time and cost. Todays, modern and industrial societies due to the mechanized life and habitat, have stayed away from nature. Therefore stress and mental illness have overcome on societies so that in 2020, depression will be the major factor of the society illnesses. So the aim of this study was to evaluate relationship and influences of landscape on the health of societies in the mechanized life to show the important role of landscape and stimulate them to protect natural resources and create green space in their place. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - Evaluating Visitors’ Satisfaction from Recreational Facilities Quality Using Multicriteria Satisfaction Analysis (MUSA)
Samaneh Sarhadi Nasab Ali Reza Mikaeili S. Hamed Mirkarimi

Urbanization developm and urban growth, are the reason of increasing desire to travel and explore, as result the tourists around the globe are trying to develop the leisure. Now day tourism is boom in various regions. Actually the reason of travel and tourism growth is More

Urbanization developm and urban growth, are the reason of increasing desire to travel and explore, as result the tourists around the globe are trying to develop the leisure. Now day tourism is boom in various regions. Actually the reason of travel and tourism growth is increase in number of leisure. In associate to tourism growth and competitiveness it, we need to develop and enhance the quality and quantity of recreational facilities and equipment. The goal of any development is related to the satisfaction of the managers and the users. In order to improvement of current management methods, one of the important steps is to record the views, preferences and satisfaction of people visiting such areas. The best way to survey is evaluate tourists in associate service quality that they must needs improvement. This way is easy and inexpensive. This paper shows how to multicriteria satisfaction analysis to determine visitors / tourists’ satisfaction is effective. Moreover shows how to gap analysis approach in the context recreational facilities management is useful. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - Utilization of renewable energy resources in European Union’s Legal System
Seyed Abbas Poor Hashemi Loabat Taghavi Azam Parande Motlagh

Today, renewable energies are considering as clean sources of energy and optimal use of these resources minimize environmental impacts in the world. On the other hand, utilization of renewable energies for environmental protection has been increasing rapidly in recent y More

Today, renewable energies are considering as clean sources of energy and optimal use of these resources minimize environmental impacts in the world. On the other hand, utilization of renewable energies for environmental protection has been increasing rapidly in recent years especially in developed countries and employing this kind of energies for environmental protection has been successful. Despite the importance of renewable energies, unfortunately, this type of energy are not widely used in all countries. It is clear that renewable energy resources exist over wide geographical areas, in contrast to other energy sources, which are concentrated in a limited number of countries.Based on the European Union model, in order to achieve sustainable development and environmental protection, the use of fossil energy sources to renewable energy sources such as wind energy , solar energy, global warming , alternative energy, biomass, etc., are very essential. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the current EU legal system to promote of the utilization of renewable resources that can be considered as one of the models studied in this context. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - Identification and comparative study of especial industrial wastes using UNEP method, RCRA method, and Iran’s written list: (A petrochemical complex in the western of Iran A case study)
Parisa Ahmadi Ahmadi Nematollah Jafarzade Haghighifard Lobat Taghavi Madi Ahmadi moghadam

The petrochemical industry is one of the most important production bases and the country's development indicators. Since the production process involves the release of dozens of wastes and non- consumable materials, however, it often leads to creation of various wastes More

The petrochemical industry is one of the most important production bases and the country's development indicators. Since the production process involves the release of dozens of wastes and non- consumable materials, however, it often leads to creation of various wastes and have adverse effects on the natural environment. One very good way to create interaction and connection between the petrochemical industry and the environment and to reduce the adverse effects of industrial activities on the environment is identification and management of wastes in this industrial sector to reduce the environmental problems associated with its production and prevents loss of valuable and usable materials in the production process. This study aimed to identify and compare the special wastes of a petrochemical complex in the Western Iran to survey within the waste proper management framework and reduce the environmental risks associated with their production. After the identification and assessment of production process, the areas of production, type and volume of produced wastes, and the frequency of discharges were detected. Based on the proposed International (RCRA, UNEP) methods and Iran’s written list, the wastes were grouped and unique identifiers were assigned to each of the materials. In the studied industrial unit, 42 production areas produced 353 tons of wastes per year. The investigation showed that 65.6% of wastes were produced permanently and 34.3% were produced temporarily. The most important produced waste was industrial and waste oil. This material has toxicity, flammability, and reactivity properties; so safety is needed in handling them. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - Ability of earthworms in organic wastes management
Farzad Mehrjo Mohsen Rastakhiz

Organic wastes are includes domestic wastes, crop wastes, garden waste, agricultural and food processing industries, poultry and livestock waste, human waste, fruit and vegetable wastes, orchards and farms. One effective and affordable method in organic waste management More

Organic wastes are includes domestic wastes, crop wastes, garden waste, agricultural and food processing industries, poultry and livestock waste, human waste, fruit and vegetable wastes, orchards and farms. One effective and affordable method in organic waste management using is earthworms to produce vermicompost fertilizer, in addition to reducing environmental risks; the nature of their turnover in fertilizer consumption has accelerated. Vermicomposting is through decomposition of organic wastes help certain species of earthworms. In general, there are about 3000 species of earthworms in different sizes from 0/6 to 330 cm. Only two species Eisenia foetida and Lumbricus rubellus due to production efficiency and ease of replication are most widely used in the production of vermicompost. Considering limitation of the right places disposal of organic wastes and from hand landfill and incineration adverse effects on public health and the environment, Vermicomposting using biotechnology earthworms a suitable option for is organic waste management. Manuscript profile

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