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Open Access Article
1 - Spatial measurement and analysis of urban poverty distribution in the cities of Middle East (Case study: Bonab city)
vahid boostan ahmadi maryam hajipour nafiseh marsosipoverty is a multidimensional phenomenon and is affected by many factors. In this context, the most important task of geographers and urban planners is to use tools to identify the extent of poverty in the city to reduce the problems and consequences of this social and Morepoverty is a multidimensional phenomenon and is affected by many factors. In this context, the most important task of geographers and urban planners is to use tools to identify the extent of poverty in the city to reduce the problems and consequences of this social and spatial damage.The purpose of this article is to analyze the spatial distribution of urban poverty in Benab neighborhoods with the approach of reducing urban poverty and preventing its cycle from reproducing in deprived neighborhoods. In terms of purpose, this article is a practical approach and in terms of research method, it is descriptive-analytical. The data collection tool for investigating urban poverty indicators is in the form of four general selected indicators and 30 sub-indices. The findings of the research show that the indicators of urban poverty in the urban areas of Benab are not distributed in a balanced way and there is a huge difference between these areas in terms of development. Neighborhood 2 with a score of 0.700 and neighborhoods 13 and 11 with a score of 0.291 and 0.251 are placed at the highest and lowest levels, respectively. In general, it can be seen that among the thirteen neighborhoods of Benab city, 0.15 are very poor, 0.39 are poor, 0.23 are average, 0.15 are prosperous and 0.8 are very prosperous. In order to reduce urban poverty, first of all, it is necessary to know it correctly, accurately measure it, and analyze it in a documented and realistic way. The procedure and practice of planning and poverty reduction programs today, both at the scientific level and at the practical level, are based on decentralization, a bottom-up perspective, the use of local knowledge, empowering citizens, and cooperative planning by maintaining a balance between the three The main actor means the civil society, the government and the private sector. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Designing a Dynamic Model Based on Poverty and Deprivation Alleviation in Livelihood (Case study: Armed Forces Retirees)
Farshad Faezy Razi Nasrin Shamshiru Hadi Hematyan Mohamad ZargarToday, poverty is considered from the most important problems in a country. This study dynamically models the poverty and deprivation alleviation in community livelihoods, with emphasis on armed forces retirees. The modeling of this study was performed using system dyna MoreToday, poverty is considered from the most important problems in a country. This study dynamically models the poverty and deprivation alleviation in community livelihoods, with emphasis on armed forces retirees. The modeling of this study was performed using system dynamics, which is a computer simulation modeling technique. In this study, firstly, effective and impressive factors on poverty were identified and then analyzed by combining retirement empowerment policies. The results of the study on performing political scenarios and retiring decisions, such as the adoption of support services decisions, self-employment facilities, interest-free loans, sport services, consuming and educational services, show that the behaviors of the model variables tend to be in the direction of alleviating deprivation and poverty in society. In this regard, correct decision-making for retirees will improve empowerment, promote research and development, reduce demand for merchandise, increase entrepreneurship, improve wages and income, and further, reduce poverty. All analyzes are performed by Vensim software, which is the most comprehensive simulation software to improve the performance of actual systems. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - The role of Islamic Republic of Iran's TV programs in reducing human poverty
Meisam Samband Ali Akbar Farhangi Jamshid Salehi Sedghyani Mohammad Reza GhaediHuman development view to human beings is as a capacity that should be flourished, and this flourishing is obtained only with the empowerment of individuals. One of the main ways to empower communities is to reduce and limit poverty. For this purpose, the attention of d MoreHuman development view to human beings is as a capacity that should be flourished, and this flourishing is obtained only with the empowerment of individuals. One of the main ways to empower communities is to reduce and limit poverty. For this purpose, the attention of development policymakers has been focused on improving indicators related to the types of poverty. One of the most important indicators is human poverty. Various institutions have the power of influence; one of these capacities is the mass media, especially television. This study was conducted to explain the factors affecting the use of Iran's TV programs to prevent human poverty. The research method used is an exploratory mix using a typology strategy. The statistical population of this study is composed of experts in the field of development communication. In the qualitative part, the statistical sample was selected 13 people using theoretical sampling method and in quantitative part 385 people using random sampling. The tool of collecting data in the first part was semi-structured individual interview and in the second part, a researcher-made questionnaire. Necessary indices were used to assess the validity and reliability of measuring instruments. Data analysis was performed on the basis of qualitative and quantitative results and structural equation modeling using Smart PLS software. The results showed that environmental, human, television mass media, programming, audience characteristics and individual empowerment can predict human poverty variable. Given the value obtained for the overall fit index of model 0.79, appropriate fit of the overall model is confirmed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Marginalization and Urban Crisis in City of Ilam
Mir Najaf Mousavi Hasan Hekmat Nia Mohamad Maleki Mousa Maleki Pour -
Open Access Article
5 - Thinking about the Concept of Right to Development
Iraj Rezayi nejadThis article examines the complex and arguable concept of right to development in the light ofInternational Human Rights law and interprets it in an operational manner.It moved the concept of development beyond the economic growth of states and past earlierUN debates wh MoreThis article examines the complex and arguable concept of right to development in the light ofInternational Human Rights law and interprets it in an operational manner.It moved the concept of development beyond the economic growth of states and past earlierUN debates which were centered on development as a right among states. By casting developmentas a Human Right, the Declaration brought forth an appreciation that developmentis not what happens as a result of economic growth or development planning, it is a processthat allows for the full range of rights and has its goal to pursue self-actualization of people inconditions of dignity through the exercise of their rights. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Reducing poverty and Microfinance (The study on the keshavarzy bank)
Narges khakiOne of the most important goals of the 9th government is removingpoverty and creates suitable life condition for all in the society.This is emphasized in 43th principle of constitution and waver 100 ofgeneral law and also in the document of Iran expansion view in the ne MoreOne of the most important goals of the 9th government is removingpoverty and creates suitable life condition for all in the society.This is emphasized in 43th principle of constitution and waver 100 ofgeneral law and also in the document of Iran expansion view in the next20 year in order to determine the poverty line, indication of suitableprogram for making powerful and organizing social service aids system.Following this goal, different tools and implements were employed by9th government such as distribution justice stock, decrease of banksinterest, changing the structure of country budget, secure micro finance,although all the mentioned methods aim to create justice among allindividuals of the society. But because of structural problems in Iran`seconomy, some of the mentioned methods results to depreciation ofeconomy situation in some parts of economy sections.This article attempted to survey the present status of Iran on the basisof welfare, poverty and methods of its prevention in brief.One of these solutions is micro finance and keshavarzi Bank will bestudied as an example in this field Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - The Effect of Information and Communication Technology on Poverty and Human Development Indices
Abass Memarnegad Mohammad Ali Taghavi AwwalThe purpose of this study is to investigate how the degree of information and communication technology (ICT) usage may reduce the level of poverty and improve human capital. To achieve our goal we have used variables such as number of landline and cell phones, per MoreThe purpose of this study is to investigate how the degree of information and communication technology (ICT) usage may reduce the level of poverty and improve human capital. To achieve our goal we have used variables such as number of landline and cell phones, personal computers, etc.as proxies to indicate the ICT level in 13 selected developing countries for the period of 1995-2008. Our panel data empirical results indicate the ICT has positive effect on human capital improvement and poverty reduction. JEL Classification: O15 ، O33 ، C23 Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - The Estimate of the minimum required for living expenses (poverty line) urban and rural households Khorasan Razavi province using the habit formation linear expenditure system
محمد حیدری ابوالفضل سامیIn this research, the minimum required for living expenses urban and rural households of Khorasan razavi as a measure of mental and relative poverty line, with few indicators poverty period 1369 - 1389 using dynamic linear expenditure system, assuming the Habit formatio MoreIn this research, the minimum required for living expenses urban and rural households of Khorasan razavi as a measure of mental and relative poverty line, with few indicators poverty period 1369 - 1389 using dynamic linear expenditure system, assuming the Habit formation (HLES) and Iterative seemingly unrelated regressions (ISUR) have estimated. The data used in this research include budget data (income - expenses) for rural and urban households Khorasan razavi and relevant price indices. Estimate was based on six items good. Findings research show that the total the minimum required for living expenses (total poverty line) over the course of urban and rural areas has increased. According to the minimum required for living expenses, indicators Headcount ratio, Kakwani, the income gap, income inequality have calculated. The total results indicating slightly deteriorating urban households and rural households during the study period. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Fiscal Policy and Poverty Reduction in Some Selected Sub-Saharan Africa Countries
Oluwaseyi Adedayo Adelowokan Olanike Mosunmola Osoba Segun Ahmed Ajibowo -
Open Access Article
10 - The Synergy between Gender Socialization and Women Unpaid Care Work in Nigeria: Implication for the Sustainable Development Goals
Olukemi Grace Adebola -
Open Access Article
11 - Poverty, Vulnerability and Development (Case of Study: The Garmsar and Dasht-e Azadegan Villages)
Mostafa Azkia -
Open Access Article
12 - Gender and Reduction of Poverty in Iran
Tahereh Mirsardoo Kristin Soraya Batmanghelichi -
Open Access Article
13 - Poverty, Illiteracy cum Prosperity Theology: A Quantitative Study
Don Enahimion Okosun -
Open Access Article
14 - مطالعه وضعیت زنان سرپرست خانوار در بلایای طبیعی : (زلزله 1396 کرمانشاه )
Shayesteh Karamkhani Alieh Shekarbeygi Ehsan Rahmani Khalili -
Open Access Article
15 - The Role of Microfinance in Poverty Reduction in the Bauchi State of Nigeria
Emmanuel Kaka -
Open Access Article
16 - The study of Comparative situation Human Development Index in the Developing Countries (Iran, Brazil, Pakistan, Turkey, Egypt and Mexico)
فتح الله ویسی ناب میر ستار صدر موسویHuman development is about creating an environment where people can flourish their talents and potential and productive lives based on their needs and interests to build, argues. This study descriptive approach - analytical subsequently to the Human Development Index, t MoreHuman development is about creating an environment where people can flourish their talents and potential and productive lives based on their needs and interests to build, argues. This study descriptive approach - analytical subsequently to the Human Development Index, the index of gender inequality and multidimensional poverty index in developing countries to determine and compare them. The results suggest that selected countries in terms of Human Development Index we in good condition, because only two of Pakistan and Egypt respectively 0.537 and 0.689 respectively, the index of human development in low and medium human development countries and other countries such as Turkey, Mexico, Iran and Brazil, with a Human Development Index values 0.759, 0.756, 0.749, 0.744 in countries with high human development are. In terms of gender inequality index Egypt ranked 128 index of 0.580 in the world and is located at the lowest level in selected countries. Turkey also ranks first with the 0.360 in terms of this indicator in selected countries and is ranked 69 in the world. Finally, check the status of multidimensional poverty in these countries represent good indicators of the overall situation of the country, because Pakistan is the only country with a value of 0.237 in countries at risk of poverty is multidimensional Other countries in the rich countries This indicates that living standards in these countries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - Sociological analysis on cultural poverty in repeating social deviations and jailed women's return to prison (women's central penitentiary, Arak, 2019)
Houra kaykhosravi Alireza Kaldi Hosain Akhajani Mehrdad NavabakhshDeveloping kinds of moral and behavioral deviations, which are caused by changes in social, cultural, familial, political and religious structure, provides the needs of committing crime in society. The aim of this research, is analyzing the backgrounds of committing cri MoreDeveloping kinds of moral and behavioral deviations, which are caused by changes in social, cultural, familial, political and religious structure, provides the needs of committing crime in society. The aim of this research, is analyzing the backgrounds of committing crime, strategies and their consequences, by women prisoners in central prison of Arak. For this purpose, using the grounded theory method and the technique of semi-structured interview, 14 women with the background of returning to prison, were interviewed deeply through purposeful sampling. After 10th interview, conceptual saturation was reached. The interview continued up to 14th person for peace of mind. The data categorized using Straus and Corbin paradigm model and then, its paradigm model was drawn. The results of research showed that Being bait and deceived, disagreement between couples, emotional divorce and unsuccessful marriage, are some reasons of deviation in this women. Social deviations of father, differential companion, parents' addiction and contrary, lack of emotion, being victim of rape and domestic violence, are effective factors of this deviation that follows strategies such as social deviation, inappropriate marriage, theft, divorce and out of custom relations. Some of consequences of these strategies are family disintegration, ethical and social anomalies and finally prison. Results showed that cultural poverty is the main factor of women's tendency to committing crime, being prisoned and repeating the same crimes and returning to prison. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - Television, Individual Empowerment and Human Poverty; Explaining the Functional Framework
Meisam Samband Ali Akbar Farhangi Jamshid Salehi Sedghyani Mohammad Reza GhaediThe media institution is created as a developmental and evolutionary institution in most countries, so that by changing the existing social structures through individual empowerment, it seeks to replace structural tools for development. The main purpose of this study is MoreThe media institution is created as a developmental and evolutionary institution in most countries, so that by changing the existing social structures through individual empowerment, it seeks to replace structural tools for development. The main purpose of this study is to explain the mass media functions of television for the development of individual empowerment with the aim of preventing human poverty. This qualitative study was conducted using the conceptualization method of Grounded theory. In this study, using theoretical sampling, thirteen university professors, managers, and experts with work experience in the field of development communication were interviewed through in-depth semi-structured interviews. The data were interpreted through open, axial, and selective coding. The findings of the present study show that this medium plays four main functions for the development of individual empowerment. The first function is to provide a context in the political, economic, social, cultural, and technological dimensions that is considered the freedom of opportunity for the development of individual empowerment. The second function is to provide causal conditions by accepting the necessity of developing the country, human position as capacity and realization of human excellence. Providing mediating factors is the third function that is done through education and awareness, motivation, recognition of audience characteristics, attention to media human capital, media organizational structure and the ideology that governs it. Finally, using the change strategy based of human default with capacity as development, the fourth function is identified. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - Unstable social development, unbalanced city and quality of urban life (Integrative and comparative view of the quality of life in Tehran)
Asghar Mohajeri Fatemeh Malekmohammadi Mehrdad NavabakhshThe quality of urban life is a complex, dimensional, solid and largely stable structure and building that is built on the solid foundations of sustainable development and in a city with balanced development.Based on the inconsistency, conflict and conflict between the d MoreThe quality of urban life is a complex, dimensional, solid and largely stable structure and building that is built on the solid foundations of sustainable development and in a city with balanced development.Based on the inconsistency, conflict and conflict between the desirable state of the quality of urban life and its current state in the statistical population of the present study, a sociological survey in some areas of Tehran and urban scope of districts 10 and 17 of Tehran municipality, and in the quantitative and survey part of the research, 400 sample units/urban households were sampled using the G.power sampling method, which was made based on the research assumptions arising from the theoretical laws, the validity of which was estimated to be about 94% of Cronbach's alpha test, and the results of some similarities, and especially significant differences and variances in access to urban justice.The culture of urban poverty, poverty of urban space, widespread urban damages in these areas are noticeable and at the same time different and distinct, which in the test hypothesis of the research, a significant and determining contribution of each in explaining the quality of urban life in the neighborhoods of these areas was be tested.In the test of the theoretical model of the research, it can be analyzed that the construction of the structure of urban quality of life in the 10th and 17th urban areas of Tehran Municipality from Bastar Ali has a culture of urban poverty with an impact factor of 46% and a weak background of the urban space with an impact factor of 26% that the birth and impact has it. The damages caused by urban damages called urban damages (with an impact factor of 14%) cause this path of urban life to determine about 85% in total. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - Sociological Analysis of Cultural Poverty in the Repetition of Social Deviations and Return to Prison in Women Prisoners (Central Women's Repentance Center of Arak City in 2019)
Houra Keykhosravi Alireza Kaldi Hossein Agajani Mersa'Developing kinds of moral and behavioral deviations, which are caused by changes in social, cultural, familial, political and religious structure, provides the needs of committing crime in society. The aim of this research, is analyzing the backgrounds of committing cri MoreDeveloping kinds of moral and behavioral deviations, which are caused by changes in social, cultural, familial, political and religious structure, provides the needs of committing crime in society. The aim of this research, is analyzing the backgrounds of committing crime, strategies and their consequences, by women prisoners in central prison of Arak. For this purpose, using the grounded theory method and the technique of semi-structured interview, 14 women with the background of returning to prison, were interviewed deeply through purposeful sampling. After 10th interview, conceptual saturation was reached. The interview continued up to 14th person for peace of mind. The data categorized using Straus and Corbin paradigm model and then, its paradigm model was drawn. The results of research showed that being bait and deceived, disagreement between couples, emotional divorce and unsuccessful marriage, are some reasons of deviation in this women. Social deviations of father, differential companion, parents' addiction and contrary, lack of emotion, being victim of rape and domestic violence, are effective factors of this deviation that follows strategies such as social deviation, inappropriate marriage, theft, divorce and out of custom relations. Some of consequences of these strategies are family disintegration, ethical and social anomalies and finally prison. Results showed that cultural poverty is the main factor of women's tendency to committing crime, being prisoned and repeating the same crimes and returning to prison. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - Social Causes of Divorce in Yazd Province in the Past Decade
Gholamabbas Tavassoli Ali Ghiasi Nodoushan -
Open Access Article
22 - Television, Individual Empowerment and Human Poverty; Explaining the Functional Framework
Meysam Saamband Aliakbar Farhangi Jamshid Salehi Seqiani Mohammadreza QaediThe media institution is created as a developmental and evolutionary institution in most countries, so that by changing the existing social structures through individual empowerment, it seeks to replace structural tools for development. The main purpose of this study is MoreThe media institution is created as a developmental and evolutionary institution in most countries, so that by changing the existing social structures through individual empowerment, it seeks to replace structural tools for development. The main purpose of this study is to explain the mass media functions of television for the development of individual empowerment with the aim of preventing human poverty. This qualitative study was conducted using the conceptualization method of Grounded theory. In this study, using theoretical sampling, thirteen university professors, managers, and experts with work experience in the field of development communication were interviewed through in-depth semi-structured interviews. The data were interpreted through open, axial, and selective coding. The findings of the present study show that this medium plays four main functions for the development of individual empowerment. The first function is to provide a context in the political, economic, social, cultural, and technological dimensions that is considered the freedom of opportunity for the development of individual empowerment. The second function is to provide causal conditions by accepting the necessity of developing the country, human position as capacity and realization of human excellence. Providing mediating factors is the third function that is done through education and awareness, motivation, recognition of audience characteristics, attention to media human capital, media organizational structure and the ideology that governs it. Finally, using the change strategy based of human default with capacity as development, the fourth function is identified. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - Social Capital and Urban Health (Case of Study: Garmsar City)
Tahereh Mirsardoo -
Open Access Article
24 - Social factors influencing on robbery in Iran (A case study of Tehran Railway Station: 2004-2006)
Alireza Kaldi Reza Vaziri Pak -
Open Access Article
25 - Ranking the urban areas of Tehran in terms of poverty indicators to promote the paradigm of social security in Tehran metropolis
javad vakili Azadeh Arbabi Sabzevari toba amir azodiTehran is a city of inequalities. Both poverty and wealth have grown dramatically in it. Poverty in Tehran is not completely rooted in the weak economic policies of the government, but part of it is caused by wrong urban policies. Weak population policies, especially in MoreTehran is a city of inequalities. Both poverty and wealth have grown dramatically in it. Poverty in Tehran is not completely rooted in the weak economic policies of the government, but part of it is caused by wrong urban policies. Weak population policies, especially in the matter of immigration and unrestrained marginalization, the ever-increasing expansion of informal settlements, and the lack of control and optimal management of socially disadvantaged groups at the city level, have been the most important weaknesses in the planning of urban institutions in this field, which has caused the unbridled spread of poverty in the city. . The current research is to investigate the influencing factors of urban poverty in order to improve social security. The research method is descriptive and analytical, with the ranking of urban poverty criteria and their zoning at the level of Tehran metropolis. Also, it is one of the objectives of this research to investigate the optimal strategy for reproducing social security at the level of the studied areas of Tehran, with an emphasis on urban poverty indicators. Finally, by analyzing and ranking the criteria with the ANP model and the obtained weights, and then the area The classification of factors in the examined criteria leads to the conclusion that areas 1, 3 and 2 have favorable indicators and areas 16, 17, 18 and 19 have unfavorable indicators. Finally, the promotion of social security in the identified areas should increase. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - The study of Comparative situation Human Development Index in the Developing Countries (Iran, Brazil, Pakistan, Turkey, Egypt and Mexico)
فتح الله ویسی ناب میر ستار صدر موسویHuman development is about creating an environment where people can flourish their talents and potential and productive lives based on their needs and interests to build, argues. This study descriptive approach - analytical subsequently to the Human Development Index, t MoreHuman development is about creating an environment where people can flourish their talents and potential and productive lives based on their needs and interests to build, argues. This study descriptive approach - analytical subsequently to the Human Development Index, the index of gender inequality and multidimensional poverty index in developing countries to determine and compare them. The results suggest that selected countries in terms of Human Development Index we in good condition, because only two of Pakistan and Egypt respectively 0/537 and 0/689 respectively, the index of human development in low and medium human development countries and other countries such as Turkey, Mexico, Iran and Brazil, with a Human Development Index values 0/759, 0/756, 0/749, 0/744 in countries with high human development are. In terms of gender inequality index Egypt ranked 128 index of 0/580 in the world and is located at the lowest level in selected countries. Turkey also ranks first with the 0/360 in terms of this indicator in selected countries and is ranked 69 in the world. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - Evaluating the effectiveness of social poverty on the urban environment persistence (optical environment) (Case study : Region number 8 of Ahvaz city)
saead amanpour maryam azadbakhtThe current study aims to recognize the effectiveness rate of social poverty on urban environment persistence that is theoretical-optical in nature, and regarding the study method it is descriptive-analysis. To gather the needed data, the questionnaire technique was use MoreThe current study aims to recognize the effectiveness rate of social poverty on urban environment persistence that is theoretical-optical in nature, and regarding the study method it is descriptive-analysis. To gather the needed data, the questionnaire technique was used in region number 8 of Ahvaz city. The case mass is confirmed 384 people using the Morgan table. To analyze the data, the SPSS software was used. The results showed that the sense of responsibility, social ethics, developing the education level and increasing the awareness of the citizens has effective impact on the living environment persistence but based on the results of this study the normalization coefficient does not affect the environment persistence. Also, for evaluating and prioritizing the effectiveness of social poverty on the environment persistence, the TOPSIS multi-variables deciding technique was applied. The results of the said technique showed that the sense of responsibility, the social ethics and the analphabet indexes had the most effect on the environment persistence with the priority coefficient amounts of 0.5763 , 0.5652, and 0.5033 respectively. And the unemployment and social normalization indexes had the least effect compared to the others with the amounts of 0.4957 and 0.4813 respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - Spatial zoning of urban poverty in Baqershahr
homira nadim hosein hataminejad Ali NourikermaniPoverty has become a pervasive phenomenon around metropolitan areas. Meanwhile, Baqershahr is one of the urban areas around Tehran that has grown rapidly and unsystematically. Its population has more than increased 34 times in the last fifty years. Accordingly, the purp MorePoverty has become a pervasive phenomenon around metropolitan areas. Meanwhile, Baqershahr is one of the urban areas around Tehran that has grown rapidly and unsystematically. Its population has more than increased 34 times in the last fifty years. Accordingly, the purpose of present research is determination of urban poverty zones in this city is for planning managers and policy makers to organize and empower them. This research is an applied one and its method is descriptive-analytical. Factor analysis was used to data analysis. GIS software has been used to maps preparation. Using GIS software and factor analysis model, have been identified poverty zones in Baqershahr. Finding of research has showed that blocks 146 (%53.5) were very poor, blocks 82 (%30) of average, blocks 44 (%16.1) of very prosperous, and block 1(%4) of very prosperous. Resault has showed that the city is mainly dominated by the poor and very poor. So that poverty has penetrated into all the cells of the city and has found a spatial objectivity. The western part of the city has completely become the residence of the poor and very poor. Also in the northeast of the city, the housing of the poor is clearly seen. In fact, more than 50% of urban blocks are allocated to the very poor. Only a limited part of the central and northern part of the city is dedicated to the middle and affluent class. The highest concentration of poverty is concentrated in the area around Qom Road, Imam Khomeini Square, Ayatollah Kashani Street and lower areas of Shahr Sang. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
29 - The Role of Rural Poverty on Sustainable Development (Destroying the Environment: Pasture) Case Study: Poshteab District of the Township of Zabol
Zahra Sharifinia Rahim Moshiri Afshar AlihosseiniIn the present article the aim is considering the role of economic rural poverty in destruction of environment in the surveyed pastures of poshtab district in zabol township.the research method is applied based on objective. And data collected via library and field meth MoreIn the present article the aim is considering the role of economic rural poverty in destruction of environment in the surveyed pastures of poshtab district in zabol township.the research method is applied based on objective. And data collected via library and field method. For this reason the effection of both direct and indirect function of human on environment(pasture) destruction resulted from rural exploiters' social and economic poverty have been considered. The factors such as : low average of per capita income of rural families ,low pasture's output and non availability of job opportunities are economic poverty factors of rural exploiters; and the low literacy level of rural family and high number of family are social poverty factors of rural exploiters. The results of research show that villager's social and economic poverty cause to environment (pasture) destruction with direct function of human) cutting shrubs to secure fuel, sale and creating pen), and indirect function of human (keeping livestock more than capacity of pasture). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
30 - The administration of Urban slums in Bandar Abbas
Seyed Jamaleddin Daryabary Heydar LotfiThe city of Bandar Abbas is considered to be as the most important city in south of Iran. witch is strong political role in Hormozgan Province. According to the Intest used census the population of Bandar Abbas is estimated to be about three hundred and thirty thousands MoreThe city of Bandar Abbas is considered to be as the most important city in south of Iran. witch is strong political role in Hormozgan Province. According to the Intest used census the population of Bandar Abbas is estimated to be about three hundred and thirty thousands. This mean that the population of the city in the last fifty years shows an average growth of 6.3% and has grown 21 times. With regard to the estimation done almost tow fifth of the population in the city and a least 30% of the structural formal of the city is occupied by the uncommon group of people with low income who have a completely different pattern of social living with other common residents Based on both subjective as well as field studies. Carried out the informal living areas for the uncommon group with low income in Bandar Abbas city are divided in to ten different districts. For this purpose a questionnaire made and distributed among 1200 people who live in the boundaries of these ten districts within different parts of the city, this was done according to random sampling (RPS) which was finally analyzed and the areas in mind were ranked according to poverty indexes and a number of solutions for the renewal of the slums concerned were offered. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
31 - The effect of drought on the developmental process of zone arid and mid dry in rurales with accent on agriculture ( Case study Darab ).
علی ShakoorThe recent droughts in country specially in south such as Darab town , have caused a lot of damages and resulted evacutation of many villages.Social and economcal effects and damages on rurales economy are indeed irrecoverable. .Eventhough the drought can affect all kin MoreThe recent droughts in country specially in south such as Darab town , have caused a lot of damages and resulted evacutation of many villages.Social and economcal effects and damages on rurales economy are indeed irrecoverable. .Eventhough the drought can affect all kinds of activities, because, of the dependence of villagers economy on resource water and soil , the effect detriment is more visible on rurales. In this paper of effects of drought on natural invironment and people of Darab which have main role in rurales development are studied.For instance, in majority of rurales,because of drought we can see extension poverity and this will slothful incentive of rurales for cooperation in management of precept society. However their cooperation cause development rurales in this research the main data have been analyzed by 22 equation and Functions. The results of the research shows that if the government and people cooperate with together the effects of drought on rurales Darab which cause slow development process rurales will minimize . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
32 - The Role of Iranian Cinema in Acceptance of Afghan Immigrants
toktam farmanfarmaee parisa jafarzadehIntroduction & Objective:The most important factors in group and individual migration, at least in the past two centuries, with a brief look at the immigration phenomenon have been factors such as war, poverty and unemployment. Although immigration can have very neg MoreIntroduction & Objective:The most important factors in group and individual migration, at least in the past two centuries, with a brief look at the immigration phenomenon have been factors such as war, poverty and unemployment. Although immigration can have very negative economic, social and psychological impacts for immigrant and their populations, on the other hand, it can have positive cultural, social and economic issues. This paper seeks to examine and investigate the effects and consequences of Afghan immigration. In this regard, over thirty years of presence of Afghan refugees in Iran has been attended by many movie maker and various films and serials have been made on this matter that have encountered with positive and negative reactions at the national and international levels. The subject of the research was to study the role of cinema in accepting and refusing Afghan refugees in Iran with an emphasis on Iranian cinema in the 2000s. According to its importance, Cinema, due to its impact on the minds of the community can act realistic in creating people's attitudes towards the acceptance of Afghan refugees by creating clear and positive images or themes or even conversely, as an informative tool. Method: Analytical-descriptive quantitatively and qualitatively as the spss method is used to express the data and analyze the survey. The main indicators of the statistical society include family, education, marriage, employment, government, residence and war. Findings: The coding of research variables including personality, acceptance of self and others, social trust, lifestyle, social security, economic development, and policy making, based on the conceptual model of research have been done. Also, war is the most effective factor, based on observation and surveys, in accepting and refusing Afghan refugees, which seventy percent of people have referred to. Conclusion: The 2000s cinema of Iran has played a role in accepting and denying Afghan refugees. Also, in policy-making, it is quite evident, the lack of planning of the state and the law enforcement agencies in confronting with Afghan refugees. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
33 - Strategic development of urban neighborhoods(studied: District 11 Tehran metropolis)
Taher Parizadi ahmad zanganeh Afsaneh Fakhripoor mohammadiIntroduction and purpose of research: The most important feature of large cities is their complex structure. Urban poverty is also one of the complex phenomena that has been the most important urban disaster in urban centers during recent decades. It calls for accurate MoreIntroduction and purpose of research: The most important feature of large cities is their complex structure. Urban poverty is also one of the complex phenomena that has been the most important urban disaster in urban centers during recent decades. It calls for accurate recognition of poverty zones in cities. After identifying the spatial zones of poverty, urban poverty is one of the most complex urban phenomena. A city in the customary neighborhoods of the 11th district of Tehran provides grounds for planners and urban managers to decide on the reduction of problems and deprivation in urban neighborhoods, which ultimately led to strategic planning of development in the neighborhood of the Amirieh planning target. Method: The present study is aimed at applying the applied approach in the analytical-prescriptive approach. After explaining the concept of poverty, urban poverty, poverty districts and its features by library method, using the data of the statistical blocks of 2011, calculating 27 indicators in the form of Four dimensions of economic, social, cultural and physical aspects have been used to recognize and analyze the dispersion of urban poverty in the customary districts of Tehran's 11th district. Finally, planning the future development of the neighborhood aims at planning using the Aida technique. Findings and Results: The findings of Mahallat leveling according to the Topsis technique indicate that neighborhoods (Palestine, Crescent, Khoramshahr, Jamalzadeh, Eskandari, Amiriyah) as neighborhoods with poor urban and very undesirable neighborhoods (Sheikh Hadi, Razi Park, Azerbaijan, Golestan , Special, Abbasi) were considered desirable neighborhoods. The results of the research indicate that the emirate problem area has more unfavorable conditions in terms of economic, social, cultural and physical dimensions than others due to the advantages of neighborhood dating and authenticity, as well as the disadvantages of settling in the context of urban wear and tear and specific strategies and policies for development. The neighborhood is provided. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
34 - Explaining the Economic, Social and Political Structure of Rural Poverty with a Fundamental Theory Approach (Case Study: Shamshir Village from Functions of Paveh City)
pooria saadollahi Koroush roosta َAhmad yaghoubi farani reza baradaranThe purpose of this study was to explain the economic, social and political structure of poverty in the village of Shamshir with a fundamental theory approach. The main question of the research was what factors explain the economic, social and political structure of pov MoreThe purpose of this study was to explain the economic, social and political structure of poverty in the village of Shamshir with a fundamental theory approach. The main question of the research was what factors explain the economic, social and political structure of poverty in Shamshir village? Research in terms of applied purpose, qualitative research method, methods used to collect data; Observation, unstructured interview, note-taking and focus group and data analysis method is the foundation of data theory. The research sampling was done using purposive sampling approach and theoretical sampling method and rural poor were interviewed under the auspices of the Imam Relief Committee and the Welfare Department of Paveh city. Interview data were analyzed in three stages of open, axial and selective coding to classify concepts and categories. Open codes containing 70 concepts and central codes including 24 categories were identified in the form of six dimensions of paradigm model including causal conditions, contextual conditions, main phenomenon, implicit conditions, strategies and consequences. Finally, government support, private and cooperative companies, and the economic policies of the government and other institutions are strategies to reduce poverty in Shamshir village. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
35 - Classification of Groundwater Sustainability Assessment Indicators in Aquifers of Arid and Semi-Arid Regions
Susan Hayeri Yazdi Maryam Robati Saeideh Samani Fariba Zamani HargalaniBackground and Aim: Considering the increasing dependence of humans on fresh water, especially groundwater, which is the most important source of water supply in arid and semi-arid regions, assessing the sustainability of aquifers is crucial. In this regard, assessment MoreBackground and Aim: Considering the increasing dependence of humans on fresh water, especially groundwater, which is the most important source of water supply in arid and semi-arid regions, assessing the sustainability of aquifers is crucial. In this regard, assessment indicators are used, which usually do not have a clear boundary between the classification of indicators and they overlap with each other in different fields such as economy, society and environment. Also, researchers usually rely on a number of indicators that can be measured for their case study. Due to this lack of data, in this article, an attempt has been made to collect and categorize various indicators that have been used to assess groundwater in aquifers in arid and semi-arid regions of the world.Method: This research has been a literature review of previous articles and studies in the world in the field of assessing the sustainability of groundwater based on different indicators. The course of movement and progress of these indicators in articles and their classification in environmental, social, economic and institutional categories has been in the framework of this research. Also, the composite indicators that have been prepared for topics under the sustainability subcategory, such as the water poverty index, have been considered in this research. The water poverty indicator is a subset of the competition criterion and a social indicator. This indicator has been proposed as a subset of the water competition criterion, which is an important indicator for measuring the level of poverty caused by water scarcity, especially in arid and semi-arid lands such as significant parts of West Asian countries. In other words, this indicator connects water and poverty. Results: The results indicate that the environmental indicators with a share of 63% have the highest number among the articles and physical indicators include more than half of the environmental indicators. After that, economic indicators with 18%, social indicators with 14% and institutional indicators with 7% are in the next ranks in terms of numbers, which shows the attention of experts to the importance of the environment and economy on the sustainability of aquifers.Conclusion: Although social indicators comprise only 13% of all indicators, but due to their importance and weight, they need more studying. Also, these types of indicators are mainly dependent on the case study, so using the studies of sociologists is a great help for real investigation and it will aim at the sustainability of aquifers. Also, due to the fact that sustainability evaluation is an interdisciplinary field, the selection of its indicators needs strong theoretical foundations, therefore, team work with the presence of different experts will increase the quality of the study results. Considering that the institutional indicators mainly play the role of the answer in the issue of aquifer sustainability, therefore, compiling institutional indicators in the future and including a logical weight for these indicators during the assessment of sustainability is very important in raising the quality of the assessment. Institutional indicators are mainly related to governance, and considering that the development approach is to reduce the concentration of management from top to bottom, there are fewer institutional indicators and the focus is on other indicators. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
36 - The Function of Servitude on Social Ethics and the Environment from the Perspective of Islamic Sufism
masoud shavaraniProviding ethical patterns and solutions in relation to improving the human-human relationship as well as the human-environmental relationship is very important today. The concept of servitude (ʿubūdiyya) is one of the important religious concepts in Islam and especiall MoreProviding ethical patterns and solutions in relation to improving the human-human relationship as well as the human-environmental relationship is very important today. The concept of servitude (ʿubūdiyya) is one of the important religious concepts in Islam and especially in Islamic mysticism and Sufism. The purpose of this study is to draw a pattern of the ethics of practical altruism and environmental protection, considering the ancient, rich and valuable heritage of Islamic Sufism. In the books of Islamic mysticism, conditions and principles have been mentioned for the concept of serving God, and acting, behaving and observing them leads to the emergence of proper moral behavior towards man and nature. This research has been done by library method and the description and analysis of the collected data show that the essential principles of the character of servitude from the perspective of Islamic mysticism include: modesty (tawāḍuʿ), poverty (faqr), service (ḵidma) and beneficence (ʾiḥsān). The results of this study show that modesty leads to better human interaction with humans and other creatures and prevents arrogance and domineering behavior, and belief in poverty and homelessness leads to greater human contentment and less greed to own and use environmental resources, and the principle of beneficence leads to service and help to man and nature. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
37 - Socio-political and Economic Risks Caused by the Phenomenon of Particulate Matter as an Obstacle to Sustainable Development (The province of Kermanshah)
Saman yousefvand Shapour Salmanvandi ali qanbari barzianBackground and Objective: For more than a decade, the southwestern provinces of Iran have encountered with the phenomenon of sand and dust storms. This phenomenon has become the most common cause of air and environmental pollution in those areas. The present research ai MoreBackground and Objective: For more than a decade, the southwestern provinces of Iran have encountered with the phenomenon of sand and dust storms. This phenomenon has become the most common cause of air and environmental pollution in those areas. The present research aims to examine the challenges and risks posed by this phenomenon against sustainable development. Method: This research has investigated the social, political and economic dimensions of the dust problem using a qualitative method (thematic analysis). The techniques used were semi-structured interviews and observations. In this study, 60 local people were interviewed. Findings: The findings show that dust particles not only have caused the loss of biological balance of plant species in the environment, but also they have had devastating effects on the local businesses and have caused socio-psychological and health problems and increased the cost of life for the people and the government. The phenomenon of dust can be considered as the most important factor that has reduced the objective and subjective quality of life of locals. Discussion and Conclusion: This research shows that this phenomenon has created an undesirable collection of issues in the economic, social and health fields that reproduces a polysemantic structure of poverty. In such undesirable environment, dissatisfaction with the current situation has paved the way for the collapse of the balance of the social system of the society. This kind of climate change has had a great impact on the quality of life of the people, which, on the one hand, provides a platform for distrust to the involved institutions and, on the other hand, threatens the sustainability of development in the social, economic and political dimensions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
38 - Comparative Study of Social – Political Satire in Nasim – e Shomal and Ahmed Mattar Poetries
Kazem Azimi Fatemeh SepahvandSocial – political satire is one of the contemporary poetic structures which has been paid attention by scholars and authors during two recent decades. In Persian language Nasim – e Shomal could affect people's soul by applying simple poetic language. Ahmad MoreSocial – political satire is one of the contemporary poetic structures which has been paid attention by scholars and authors during two recent decades. In Persian language Nasim – e Shomal could affect people's soul by applying simple poetic language. Ahmad Mattar - contemporary Iraqi poet - is well known by his satire in Arabic language. He also - as Nasim - e Shomal - tried to awaken his nation and even the world. The present paper tries to show two poets' concerns about their countries and nations comparatively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
39 - The Comparative analysis of poverty theme in the poetry of "as Rasafi" and "ParvinEtesami
MEHDI MOMTAHEN RAHIM ANSARI POUR MAJID khazayiAbstract The ancient links betweenArab and Iraniannations caused the language, culture in Arabic and Persianliterature, to be in extensive interactions with each other; that have manifested themselves in the cultural field particularly the popular culture. The attempts MoreAbstract The ancient links betweenArab and Iraniannations caused the language, culture in Arabic and Persianliterature, to be in extensive interactions with each other; that have manifested themselves in the cultural field particularly the popular culture. The attempts made in the field of comparative literature are minimal.Hence, investigating the theme of poverty in famouspoetry ofParvinEtesami andRasafi, comparative studying was conductedin Arabic and Persian literature. Rasafi, because of the awareness of the social issues, especially the poverty, special attention shown to poverty and considered the community leaders as its causes; and also, ParvinEtesami, sees the negligence of the rulers as the main cause of poverty in the human society; but for being woman, she was less accepted by society; but like Rasafihad a pity towards orphans, widows and the needy in the community. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
40 - Naturalistic view of Chubak and Zola in “Assomoir” and “Purple shirt”
Mahboobe Fahimkalam Mohammad Reza Mohseni Behzad HashemiEmile Zola is one of the prominent French writers in the 19th century and one of the famous figures in the field of fiction who is highly interested in describing the facts of his community and in presenting the documented and evil effects of social corru MoreEmile Zola is one of the prominent French writers in the 19th century and one of the famous figures in the field of fiction who is highly interested in describing the facts of his community and in presenting the documented and evil effects of social corruption, especially among the vulnerable. Among Iranian novelists, Chubak also tends more to show the ugliness of society.We aim in this study to deal with the main themes of these two writers’ works as well as their preferred language,their writing style and finally the outstanding features of their fiction characters to show the naturalistic view of both authors especially in the “Assomoir” and “Purple shirt”. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
41 - Comparative Study on Romanticism Concepts in Moufdi Zakaria and Shahriar Poetries
Abdolahad Gheibi Zahra Mohammad Poor Nasrin Hosseini tavanaZakaria and Shariar's poetries depict the nicest and the most attractive romantic concepts. Their poetries have common romantic concepts amongst which nature, poverty, patriotism and loneliness could be claimed. The nature is one of the most frequent applied romantic co MoreZakaria and Shariar's poetries depict the nicest and the most attractive romantic concepts. Their poetries have common romantic concepts amongst which nature, poverty, patriotism and loneliness could be claimed. The nature is one of the most frequent applied romantic concepts which Zakaria and Shahriar have enjoyed. Nature has been chosen to be a shelter against disappointment and a safe. Both poets create these romantic concepts with dreamy and beautiful similes which affects the reader's heart and soul. The present paper attempts to study the common romantic concepts of two famous Algerian and Iranian poets comparatively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
42 - Analysis of Social Realism in the Poetry of Contemporary Poets; Emphasizing a Few Poets
Leila Gholi Pouri Arash Moshfeghi Naser AlizadehIn every era, the greats and intellectuals of the time have sought to find a new solution to the problems and complexities of their world in order to get rid of the existing bottlenecks of time, and poetry is one of the important tools in the service of this though. Rea MoreIn every era, the greats and intellectuals of the time have sought to find a new solution to the problems and complexities of their world in order to get rid of the existing bottlenecks of time, and poetry is one of the important tools in the service of this though. Realism and hyperrealism are two important elements of the poetry of contemporary poets. And documenting in general, recording, interpreting and narrating the personal experiences of the individual and transforming and referring it to various social, political, economic aspects is a context of language that has been full of initiative and experience. Realism is a literary school that became popular in Europe and the United States between 1880 and 1850. The most important feature of realist works is that it presents man as a social being and seeks the root of all his good and bad behaviors in society. The school of realism is one of the schools that depict the problems of the individual and society like a mirror and the author does not include his personal opinions in it. Most contemporary poets, as writers of realism, have been able to express and depict the poverty and problems of the people and their struggle to continue poetry. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
43 - The Comparison of Social Consensus in the Contemporary Arab and Persian Poetry
maryam saed vaghefi elaheh razaghi parviz Lakzaeian FakoorAbstract The high literature serve the community; and referring to the oldest ages of literature in human communities, we see that it’s an expression of a range of social and political systems prevailing in those ages, whether we followed Greek and Roman etiquett MoreAbstract The high literature serve the community; and referring to the oldest ages of literature in human communities, we see that it’s an expression of a range of social and political systems prevailing in those ages, whether we followed Greek and Roman etiquette in those eras or the pre - Islamic era or the eras of enlightenment in Europe. However, the researchers argue that the relation between literature and society became close since the modern era; and that is because of the conditions in which the community lives; as the spread of the press and the demise of illiteracy and scientific movements in human societies. From this viewpoint, this article reviews the study of social opinions between the two contemporary Arab and Persian literatures concentrating on three themes:" Status of women "and "women's freedom "and" poverty"; and a comparison among the views of the two great contemporary poets, i.e. Shawqi and Bahar, has been accomplished indicating the common and different aspects in their views and mentioning their expressing method. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
44 - Maruf Rassafi, Social Analyzer of Poverty and Deprivation
Esmaiel NaderiMaroof Al-Rosafee, a best-known poet, was born in1875 in Baghdad.He did his best to reflect his social issues in his anthology. That is why he speaks about social issues specially poverty and poorness in collection of elegiacs. Due to such a fact, he was known as "poets MoreMaroof Al-Rosafee, a best-known poet, was born in1875 in Baghdad.He did his best to reflect his social issues in his anthology. That is why he speaks about social issues specially poverty and poorness in collection of elegiacs. Due to such a fact, he was known as "poets of the poor". The main reasons for such a title were facts like "psychological factors, poet's environment and his sensitivity". Al-rasafee was not a poet who witnessed poverty and social issues in his society. As a matter affect, he was not indifferent to what happened around him. He was highly keen on finding some solution to the reasons for such social issues as ignorance, old customs acting as a barrier to improve and develop a society, neglecting and colonization. In his works, he also made effort o depict deterring ways of poverty including how to get knowledge, kindness of the rich to the poor, cooperation and being economical in life. Manuscript profile -
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45 - Comparative analogy of poverty in Nima and Nazek Almalaekeh’s poem
Tahereh Ishany -
Open Access Article
46 - Comparative Study of Social Subjects in the Poems of Nimayoushij and Jibran Khalil Jibran
Hassan majidi Sakine Saremi -
Open Access Article
47 - Reflection And translation The Quran Patient In Atar Nishabori’s Affect
Ebrahim Hadi Abbas Mahiar -
Open Access Article
48 - Analysis of Social and Political Function of Comic and Satiric Poetry in Mamluki Period
Jahangir Amiri Marzieh Mohammadi Farooqh Ne'matiComic poem is not dedicated only to Mamluki era because there is almost no ere which is free of this style. However, comic poetry found inexperienced popularity during the Mamluki era and it became one of its clear features. This kind of poetry came out of its tight fra MoreComic poem is not dedicated only to Mamluki era because there is almost no ere which is free of this style. However, comic poetry found inexperienced popularity during the Mamluki era and it became one of its clear features. This kind of poetry came out of its tight framework in the Mamluki era and entered real life stage and communicated with people's true life. Therefore, this poetry obtained popular color and tone and reflected painful lives of people. Among most important themes in comic poetry of the Mamluki era, these can be mentioned: rulers' tyranny, judges' corruption, moral decadence of society, people's poverty and need, stinginess of the rich and the like that dominated the society in Mamluki era. The present study aims to investigate comic poetry in the Mamluki era and analyzes social themes and motifs to clarify the role and position of comic poetry in reflecting events of the society. This paper is based on descriptive- analytical method. Manuscript profile -
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49 - Poverty In Khaghani's Poem
Ali Mohamad Moazeni Ali Abbas Alizadeh Khaghani shervani, a great literarian of Persian literary in 6th century, is the first master poet in Persian speech as supposed highly in many aspects of lecturer. The used meanings through the khaghani’s poem was ignored as his using of metaphors, art p More Khaghani shervani, a great literarian of Persian literary in 6th century, is the first master poet in Persian speech as supposed highly in many aspects of lecturer. The used meanings through the khaghani’s poem was ignored as his using of metaphors, art poems and scientific expressions , which are his own style. Manifesting Gnostic thoughts an concepts in Persian poetry coused many poets to exercise their nature, to express their ideas in the field. Specially some issues, frequently manifested through khaghani’s poems, are Gnostic and suffis concepts the general study of his thoughts from the view is more extent than the essay so in this essay is tried to examine the poverty concept- he knows himself as a theories in the field. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
50 - The explatidn of poverty from The view of Islamik mystics*
Masood Sepahvandi fatemeh taghizadehAccording to Aboonasr Seraj, who is the fourth mystic, poverty is just to pay attention to Allah and to confess the neediness to him. Poverty has som ranks. They are contentement, Piety, Spiritual reward, and Vacation of heart from ambition, and morality of attributes. MoreAccording to Aboonasr Seraj, who is the fourth mystic, poverty is just to pay attention to Allah and to confess the neediness to him. Poverty has som ranks. They are contentement, Piety, Spiritual reward, and Vacation of heart from ambition, and morality of attributes. the last and highest rank is that the mystic Sees himself as a way for the influence the order of Allah, and he Satisfies with what Allah Prescribes for him.Therefor, this explanation of poverty Shows he can be wealthy, but he doesn’t have relish for it, So he is poor. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
51 - Mysticism in Babataher’s Belief
Ghadamali Sarami Behrooz KheiriyehBaba Taher Hamadani and the enlightened mystic known fifth century AD, which is juicy and meaningful couplet couplet him among the most prominent Iranian literary history is considered. Demonstrates knowledge of the principles of his religious poems harmonic pleasan MoreBaba Taher Hamadani and the enlightened mystic known fifth century AD, which is juicy and meaningful couplet couplet him among the most prominent Iranian literary history is considered. Demonstrates knowledge of the principles of his religious poems harmonic pleasant and mystical delicacy. But because his lyrics have changed over time and what was recorded in the books about the history of various mythical is idea the character and the way in an aura of ambiguity has gone down. Therefore, in this study we have attempted to examine the remains of his poems and some brief sentences also citing the opinions of the authors and researchers, and thought his perspective on things mystical to examine. Hoping to take a step forward in this field. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
52 - Mystical Analysis of Poverty and Riches Through Mystical Approach by Rumi and Khajeh Abdullah Ansari
Nasrin Biranvand Hossein Arian Fahimeh SazmandPoverty is one stage of the mystical journey and literally means requirements and needs, and in terms of Sufism it means reliance in God and no need to others. "Poverty and riches" in the Iranian literature, especially the works by mystics, have an ancient h MorePoverty is one stage of the mystical journey and literally means requirements and needs, and in terms of Sufism it means reliance in God and no need to others. "Poverty and riches" in the Iranian literature, especially the works by mystics, have an ancient history and a higher position. Poverty is defined as indigence and dervish-like whereas "riches" means the opposite, which are opulence, needlessness and wealth. Spiritual traveler in the territory regains his attribute of non-existence and inherited poverty where he admits. Spiritual poverty is a major mystical issue which not only do poets refer to in their divans, but also mystics have some theories respectively. This research was conducted with analytical methods by poetic evidence and explanations of poverty, by the viewpoints of the two mystics, namely Ansari and Maulana, and its interpretationt through mystical approach. Manuscript profile -
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53 - Comparison of the Status of Poverty (Faghr) from the Perspective of Khajuye Kermani and Shah Nematullah Vali
Suri Bidabady roya ahm,ad a,mraji Shahparak Farahbakhsh EsfahanPoverty as a stage of life is of great importance not only in literature, but also in the mystical field. The seeker in this position achieves the annihilation of God by denying the transcendence of God, which is the ultimate mysticism. This study has analytically-compa MorePoverty as a stage of life is of great importance not only in literature, but also in the mystical field. The seeker in this position achieves the annihilation of God by denying the transcendence of God, which is the ultimate mysticism. This study has analytically-comparatively examined and compared the views of two prominent mystics and poets of the eighth century, Khajuye Kermani and Shah Nematullah Vali, regarding the concept of poverty. Findings show that both poets' view of poverty includes spiritual poverty, which elevates the human spirit to perfection and a high position in relation to richness. The difference is that Khajou has considered material poverty in some verses that have low frequency. He also used other terms in the meaning of poverty, such as: begging, poverty, while Shah Nematullah, in addition to these words, also used the word "dervish" a lot. This kind of application of poverty indicates the diversity of the Sufi language of the two poets in expressing their mystical purpose and the duality of the concept of poverty. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
54 - Study and Comparison of Mystical Themes in Poems of Attar Nishapuri and Ibn Farez
Yasna Saani mostafa salari Behrouz RomiaeeFariduddin Attar of Nishapur is one of the outstanding pinnacles of Islamic mysticism. Ibn Farez, too, is one of the great composers of Sufi poetry in the Arabian literature. Both have addressed the most significant and remarkable mystical themes and concepts in their m MoreFariduddin Attar of Nishapur is one of the outstanding pinnacles of Islamic mysticism. Ibn Farez, too, is one of the great composers of Sufi poetry in the Arabian literature. Both have addressed the most significant and remarkable mystical themes and concepts in their mentalities and poems. The poetry and thoughts of these two poets have vast similarities in common. Among the shared discussions among these mystical poets are monotheism, love, and so on. Therefore, due to the importance of mystical literature among Islamic nations, the points that is addressed in this paper is that the mystical themes applied in their poetry are extracted out of their poetry and has been analyzed and studied comparatively through the artistic language of Ibn Farez and Attar who belong to two different cultures and languages and nations and era, and then the similar and different aspects of mystical themes of their poetry from two different cultures are revealed Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
55 - The Theme of Satire in Zakaria Tamer’s Short Stories
Mahmoud Abdanan Mahdizade Kamran Soleymani Hadis AsadiAmong areas in which ‘satire’ could be used to address the reality is literature because men of letters could reveal the reality with their own words, and writers and poets in various countries use it to express their intents. Regarding the effectiveness of MoreAmong areas in which ‘satire’ could be used to address the reality is literature because men of letters could reveal the reality with their own words, and writers and poets in various countries use it to express their intents. Regarding the effectiveness of satire on reflecting the faults and people’s inhumanity of a society in a piece of writing, whether politically or socially, it could be recognized that the language of satire is more eloquent and impressive than those of other literary devices. One of the men of letters that has uncovered the painful truth of his society and the Arab world with satire is Zakaria Tamer, that has dedicated his life to fighting against the disasters of his time illustrating the political and social problems artistically and creatively. This study focuses on the theme of satire in the Arab world concerning three subjects, i.e. poverty and poverty gap, freedom and fight against tyranny, and criticism and ridicule, as well as on analyzing his viewpoints on the subjects in his short stories. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
56 - Study protest literature in the Current social Smbolism
Rahim kooshesh Zahra noriCurrent of social Smbolism poetry is Known Current in contemporaryLiterature. Known poets were followed in the Current and had been Known poems. The most striking feature of this Current is a significant relationship with the community lyrics .So that MoreCurrent of social Smbolism poetry is Known Current in contemporaryLiterature. Known poets were followed in the Current and had been Known poems. The most striking feature of this Current is a significant relationship with the community lyrics .So that we can say poetry, is a reflection of society's problems. one of the components taken into Current is protest literature. Because of the nature of social poetry is protest and criticism And Because of social conditions is unfavorable, Poets are protest in responsing for community issues. In this article studied examples of protest poetry prominent poets including Nima Youshij flow, Ahmad shamloo, Akhavan, Forough farrokhzad, Hamid Mossadegh. The results show : tyranny and unstable social conditions is the main reason for the protest literature. The most important protest is about about poverty gap, injustice and inequality values, despotism and colonialism. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
57 - Review of Global Experiences of Urban Poverty Reduction Policies
Fatemeh Zadvali Asghar PashazadehUrban poverty is a multidimensional phenomenon and urbanites due to many deprivations; Lack of access to employment opportunities, adequate housing and infrastructure, lack of social security and access to health, education and personal security are suffering. Urban pov MoreUrban poverty is a multidimensional phenomenon and urbanites due to many deprivations; Lack of access to employment opportunities, adequate housing and infrastructure, lack of social security and access to health, education and personal security are suffering. Urban poverty is not limited to the above-mentioned characteristics and also refers to unstable conditions leading to vulnerability and inability to deal with injuries. Given the importance of the issue of urban poverty, governments are constantly thinking of policies that will reduce urban poverty. The present study is descriptive-analytical. And the statistical population of this research includes reports that are available and their main theme is about urban poverty reduction policies, the statistical sample of which is related to New York City and Brazil and Indonesia. The results of the present study indicate that poverty reduction programs and policies in New York seem to be successful, and the reason for this success is that this poverty reduction program does not only emphasize the economic dimension of poverty, but also its social dimension. Regarding the poverty reduction program and policy of Indonesia and Brazil, it can be concluded that these countries emphasize only the economic dimension to identify poverty as a multidimensional phenomenon, and considering the other dimensions of urban poverty, a large number of poor are ignored in poverty reduction programs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
58 - Examining the prohibition of usury as one of the ways to fight economic poverty from the perspective of the Holy Quran
عبدالکریم گل گون Hormoz Asadi KoohbadThe ominous phenomenon of poverty has always had destructive effects on society and is one of the major obstacles to the happiness of human societies. The Holy Quran has provided ways to solve this social scourge and has dealt with it with negative and positive methods. MoreThe ominous phenomenon of poverty has always had destructive effects on society and is one of the major obstacles to the happiness of human societies. The Holy Quran has provided ways to solve this social scourge and has dealt with it with negative and positive methods. On the one hand, banning usury and prohibiting the reproduction of wealth, and on the other hand, by establishing important and influential social institutions, such as khums, zakat, loans, endowment, endowment, and advice to work and effort, in order to solve this scourge of burning women. has taken care Despite the fact that all Muslims agree on the sanctity of riba in Islam, there is no exact definition of riba among Muslims. In the past, the majority of Islamic scholars, like Christians, considered all kinds of interest on money as equivalent to usury, but today, most Islamic scholars consider riba not just any kind of interest, but equivalent to cruel interest. The subject of the research requires to be investigated at a deep level. therefore; The in-depth research plan of the subject has been investigated by means of a case study plan of library technology, due to the reference to the Holy Quran and authentic interpretations and documentary technology, and it has come to the conclusion that banning riba is one of the ways to deal with Poverty and support for the poor. Manuscript profile -
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59 - The Impact of Environmental Management on Rural Poverty in Ghahan Villages of Ghom Province
Omid Jalil Piran Azita Zand Ali Hoseinzadeh Mohammad Mohammadi -
Open Access Article
60 - Investigating the factors affecting the academic failure of high school students in Ilam city and providing solutions to prevent it
zahra rezaeinasab sardar fotohiEvery year, due to a lack of education, there is a lot of potential, human resources and potential in the organization of education and families. Based on this, the current research was conducted with the aim of identifying the factors affecting the academic failure of MoreEvery year, due to a lack of education, there is a lot of potential, human resources and potential in the organization of education and families. Based on this, the current research was conducted with the aim of identifying the factors affecting the academic failure of students in Ilam city. To achieve this goal, quantitative-survey method was used.The statistical population of the research is 1st and 2nd high school students in Ilam city, 152 people were selected using Cochran's formula and a standard questionnaire was distributed among them based on simple random sampling. After data collection, analysis has been done based on spss and lisrel. The findings indicate that the internal factors of the educational system, such as the inappropriateness of the content of the programs with the needs, talents and interests of the students; inappropriateness of classroom conditions and atmosphere with the needs and social-psychological conditions of students; inappropriateness of teachers in terms of qualifications and teaching methods; Teacher-student interaction as well as external factors of the educational system such as poverty and economic deprivation, family status and cultural poverty have a significant impact on the problem of academic failure of students in Ilam city. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
61 - Explaining the role of the family in the passion for work and activity among female heads of the household
Nowruz HashemzehiThe family is the most important institution of socialization and any disruption in the functioning of the family affects the pillars of the society. The present study was conducted with the aim of identifying the role of family in the desire for a job among 18-60-year- MoreThe family is the most important institution of socialization and any disruption in the functioning of the family affects the pillars of the society. The present study was conducted with the aim of identifying the role of family in the desire for a job among 18-60-year-old female heads of households in Qiyamdasht using a survey method and a questionnaire tool and a sample size of 100 people by systematic sampling. Validity was confirmed by the judgment of experts and the reliability of the instrument was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient.The results showed that 14% of the women are illiterate, their fathers' occupational status is low, but they themselves wished for an average occupational status and 87% had a high job enthusiasm. Tailoring, hairdressing, carpet weaving, cooking, sales have been among the most important areas of their desire to be employed.There is a relationship between father's and mother's education, as well as the suitable age for marriage of daughters from the mother's point of view, with women's career aspirations, but there is a correlation between the length of time the parents have lived in Tehran, the suitable age for the daughter's marriage from the father's point of view, and monthly expenses. Family, father's occupational status, work motivation and women's success were not confirmed by their career enthusiasm. None of the family characteristics had any effect on women's job enthusiasm.Empowering women requires transformation in all relevant institutions. To reduce women's problems, entrepreneurship and job creation should be prioritized. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
62 - Problematization of women's poverty culture in Kermanshah
Aniss Rezaee Abdoreza Adhami Shahla Kazemi pour sabetThe culture of poverty is an important anthropological concept that has permeated the various fields of social sciences, economics, development, sociology, as well as public discourse and the media. This concept was first coined by Oscar Lewis; It is a semantic, subject MoreThe culture of poverty is an important anthropological concept that has permeated the various fields of social sciences, economics, development, sociology, as well as public discourse and the media. This concept was first coined by Oscar Lewis; It is a semantic, subjective and normative system - a value that leads to the creation and spread of a sense of poverty among individuals, and if internalized, this process is constantly reproduced. Reproducing a culture of poverty is one of the major obstacles to sustainable development. The present study identifies and analyzes the characteristics and components of the culture of poverty among women in Kermanshah with a qualitative approach and content analysis method. Participants included 16 women aged 15 to 59 years in Kermanshah who were included in the study by purposive sampling method and were interviewed face to face and semi-structured. Based on the findings and results, five main components of the culture of poverty were extracted: economic disorder, local belonging, family indifference, social indifference and despair. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
63 - Key social and economic factors affecting coarse grime
Shahrzad Barkhordar Mehrdad Navabakhsh Alireza KaldiTime and goal: I made my social determination. The goal is to write down where there are social and economic factors that are effective in providing a coarse crime, between two severely convicted criminals, in Zindan Hay Karman Est.Rosh: . Narratives (consideration) of MoreTime and goal: I made my social determination. The goal is to write down where there are social and economic factors that are effective in providing a coarse crime, between two severely convicted criminals, in Zindan Hay Karman Est.Rosh: . Narratives (consideration) of a question related to its variables, as to the appointment of a consideration, content and ba gurdawori, the opinions of an experienced teacher, Karshnasan and specialists related (techniques of conceptualization) and Bray Barsi Payayi, as an accountant of Alfai Kronbacheh Rahdeh-e Kronbacheh 22. Dadaha mediated by Amar Tasifi and Azmounhai Amari Zarib Hempstegi Pearson-Regression and with the benefit of Nermafzar spss is a resource for segmentation and analysis of the Graft decision.Yaftha: Yaftha Nashnan Midhad between his variables, close to the amount of (118/0), Bikari (290/0), the occasion of the Boden Mahal Zandji (311/0), the academic fatwa (328/0), the social sarayah (0/244), the Hamsalan area. (137/0), coarse (33/0), narcotic drug bank (732/0), a link with a straight image (fixed) with a coarse crime and the presence of a dard. There is an end between a social control and a rough gram, an inverse association and the meaning of Dared and the existence of a dard (109/0-).The result of the gerry: Mei Tuan, the result of grafting Reftar Pehkaraneh more dron grohei nekhestin, beh wich grove hamsalan, faragrafeh mishod. .. . Divergent tangent number Anan Bish as tangent diffracted est. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
64 - World health Organization Legal Problems and Difficulties and Challenges Forward to
Hassan Movassaghi Yaser Chokhachi Zade MoghaddamOne of the key infrastructures of the right to live, which is aprominent example of human rights, is the right to health which isrecognized as the basis for the realization of other generations of humanrights worldwide. Therefore, human hygiene can influence benefitting MoreOne of the key infrastructures of the right to live, which is aprominent example of human rights, is the right to health which isrecognized as the basis for the realization of other generations of humanrights worldwide. Therefore, human hygiene can influence benefittingfrom other rights and also being affected from indifference and denial ofhuman rights. Regarding the issues and areas that the United Nations andthe World Health Organization missions have not been realized orprogressed, the obstacles to the realizations of these goals can be soughtin poverty, illiteracy, unemployment, regression, corruption and lack ofdemocracy in some countries and communities. The research hypothesisis that the World Health Organization should encourage the states forinteraction and collaboration in promotion of the humans‟ health level inorder to fill full the superior and humanly goals by the tool of graduallyenhancing the people awareness. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
65 - The examination of the relationship between social alienation, economic poverty and beliefs with hope for the future in Students of Islamic Azad University of Marand
Amir Ali Amirhkannejad Samad SabaghThe purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between social alienation, economic poverty and beliefs with hope for the future in Students of Islamic Azad University of Marand in 2015-2016 academic years. The purpose of this study is Practical, the metho MoreThe purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between social alienation, economic poverty and beliefs with hope for the future in Students of Islamic Azad University of Marand in 2015-2016 academic years. The purpose of this study is Practical, the method of the study is descriptive and from data collection perspective is Fieldwork. The study population consisted of all Marand Islamic Azad University students who were 5800subjects.The sample size was 360 that was estimated using Cochran formula and were selected by stratified cluster sampling method. For datacollectiontwoquestionnaireswere used: Miller Hope Questionnaire (MHS)and researcher-made questionnaire with the acceptable reliability and validity. For statistical analysis descriptive and inferential statistics, correlation coefficient and Student T test were used. Results show that, hope for the future has negative relationship with social alienation and economic poverty, and has a positive relationshipwith beliefs. Also One-way analysis of variance shows that, the impact of gender and educational level variables is not meaningful on the students hope for the future. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
66 - Comparative study of Poverty in several regions of Tabriz
Hussein Banifatemeh Saeed IraniThe purpose of this research is study of poverty comparatively in several regions of Tabriz. The research method is survey and its statistical population is families inhabited in Tabriz who are 391860 families. Stratified sampling was selected and sample size of 400 was MoreThe purpose of this research is study of poverty comparatively in several regions of Tabriz. The research method is survey and its statistical population is families inhabited in Tabriz who are 391860 families. Stratified sampling was selected and sample size of 400 was estimated using Cochran Model. The data were collected using a questionnaire. Descriptive statistical analysis and ANOVA and Tukey were used to analyze the data. Total level of poverty achieved by calculating the total number of cultural poverty, positional poverty, related poverty, and housing poverty. The level of each of the mentioned dimensions were compared and tested in different regions of Tabriz. The results of ANOVA suggest that there are significant differences between poverty and its dimensions in 10 municipal region of Tabriz. Also the test of Tukey presents these differences more significantly. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
67 - The examination of social factors associated with the propensity to commit crimes in in ten districts
Javad Ali Akbarpour Firouz RadIn most cities of the world, ordinary crimes are the serious threat to human beings personal integrity and his assets. Too much occurrence of the crime in urbane environments is not only inconsistent with the tenets of social order, but also, brings heavy losses, the lo MoreIn most cities of the world, ordinary crimes are the serious threat to human beings personal integrity and his assets. Too much occurrence of the crime in urbane environments is not only inconsistent with the tenets of social order, but also, brings heavy losses, the loss of economic resources, frustrated citizens and general deterioration in the quality of life. This research conducted to examine the social factors associated with the propensity to commit crimes in ten districts in Tabriz. The population of the study is all people residents in 10 districts of Tabriz (1494998) and 1216430 people above 15 years old among whom 384 people were selected using Cochran and random sampling methods. The research method is survey and a questionnaire used to collect data. The results are as follows: there is relationship between poverty and tendency to commit crime as 0.547, between religiosity and tendency to commit crime as -0.617, between population density and tendency to commit crime as 0.296, between offenders’ population density and tendency to commit crime as 0.569, between family turmoil and tendency to commit crime as 0.705, between availability of facilities and spaces for recreation and sport and tendency to commit crime as -0.578, between age and tendency to commit crime as -0.113. Also, the regression results show that, family turmoil (0.353), religiosity (0.2230) and poverty (0.244) variables have the highest influence on the tendency to commit crime. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
68 - Social factors associated with crime rates of women in Tabriz prison.
Hussein Banifateme Ramin BabainezhadThe present study was to determine the social factors related to the rate of crimes of women who were detained in Tabriz prison. Variables of social control, cultural poverty - precedence of delinquency in adolescence - precedence of previous offenses - violence against MoreThe present study was to determine the social factors related to the rate of crimes of women who were detained in Tabriz prison. Variables of social control, cultural poverty - precedence of delinquency in adolescence - precedence of previous offenses - violence against women at home and the unsuitable friends are the independent variables of the study. The variable was considered as the main research question is the extent of crime of women. The population consisted of 100 women prisoners of whom 79 were selected randomly according to Cochran's formula. The design of the present study was co relational survey and the researcher-made questionnaire was used for collecting data. The results showed that crime rate in women are related to precedence of delinquency, a precedence of previous offenses and violence against them at home. But there is no relationship between social control, unsuitable friends and cultural poverty and the crime rate of women in Tabriz prison. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
69 - Poverty and Human Development: Evidences from Iran and Selected Developing Countries
seyyed ali paytakhti oskooe Laleh Tabaghchi Akbari One of the most important objectives of governments is the improvement of development dimensions. In this way the role of human development can be very important. The most important factor in human development is individuals in that society, because they ar More One of the most important objectives of governments is the improvement of development dimensions. In this way the role of human development can be very important. The most important factor in human development is individuals in that society, because they are both the aim and mean of development. This has led to special attention that the world and international organizations take into consideration and identify factors affecting human development. This paper seeks to identify the impact of poverty as a problem of societies on the human development indices. In modern economy, poverty reduction policies can influence the components of education, health, and.... In this paper, in addition to poverty index, the impact of intellectual capital index, per capita income, public educational and health costs on the human development Index are studied. 9 selected developing countries, including Iran, have been analyzed over the period 2001-2010. In order to estimate the parameters of the specified model, panel cointegration techniques with the method of dynamic ordinary least squares (DOLS) has been employed. The empirical results show the negative impact of poverty on human development index, but the index of intellectual capital, per capita income, public spending on education and health have the positive effects on the human development index. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
70 - Investigating the Impact of Environmental Poverty on Criminal Behavior of Young People in Marginal Areas
Kazem Ghojavand -
Open Access Article
71 - A Study on the Effective Socio-economic Factors of Violence against Women in Ahwas
Ishaq Arjmand Siapoush Faryal Ajam Dashtinezhad -
Open Access Article
72 - The study of the Causes of Informal settlement Formation (Case Study: Zaynabee koye neighborhood Pakdasht Township)
hossein hataminejad seyed mohammad hossein moosavi Mohammad Hajian Hossein-Abadi mohammad reza zarafshan vahid yousefiWith the occurring of the Industrial Revolution in Europe, the world's population, especially in the cities, has grown steadily, as in 1804, the world's population reached a billion people for the first time. The population increase in urban areas originally appeared in MoreWith the occurring of the Industrial Revolution in Europe, the world's population, especially in the cities, has grown steadily, as in 1804, the world's population reached a billion people for the first time. The population increase in urban areas originally appeared in European and developed countries, with the population of urban population of Europe and the United States increasing by about 200 years, from 1750 to 1950, but this increase was made at a reasonable pace. Which has reached about one billion people for about 200 years. But since 1950, the population has entered a new stage and it has entered the world of developing countries. In contrast to the previous period, this stage was accompanied by a rapid increase in urban population, with urban populations reaching more than two billion people, and it is anticipated that this increase will continue until 2030. This increase in its population has led to problems especially for urban executives, including: pollution, increasing the crime, rising unemployment, especially among young people, housing shortage, deprivation, informal settlements, etc. Today, one of the most important challenges Urban managers is Informal accommodation, as we see in many parts of the world. In Iran, we have witnessed the formation of this phenomenon since the 1940s, but this phenomenon began to grow in the 1970s Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
73 - An Analysis of the Spatial Extent of Educational Poverty in Ardabil
fazel ahadi Hossein Nazmfar Mohamad tagj Masumi Akbar AbraveshMain question (or main goal): Assessing the level of educational poverty in different blocks of Ardabil city and clustering educational poverty in this city (very poor, poor, average, prosperous, very prosperous). In the 21st century, one of the indicators of urban deve MoreMain question (or main goal): Assessing the level of educational poverty in different blocks of Ardabil city and clustering educational poverty in this city (very poor, poor, average, prosperous, very prosperous). In the 21st century, one of the indicators of urban development is the issue of low urban poverty. One of the components of urban poverty is educational poverty. This study showed that educational poverty has a cluster distribution and spatial autocorrelation in the Ardabil. However, the imbalance of spatial space between neighborhoods in this component has caused the disruption of spatial order and the growth of urban spiral in some parts of Ardabil and the marginalization of many other areas of the city. Relatively the southern and southwestern part of the city It includes very prosperous and prosperous blocks and poor and very poor blocks in terms of educational poverty are seen in the northwest and southeast. Hot spots include new settlements that were built after 1370 in Ardabil. In contrast, cold spots are more common on the outskirts of Ardabil and in informal settlements resulting from migration from other cities. The boundary between these two areas i.e., the central areas and in the whole basic texture of the city; includes: moderate spots and the border of educational poverty. Raw data of blocks were obtained based on the 1395 census, the rate of educational poverty was weighed using R software and ANP method and Arc GIS software was used to analyze hot spots in the spatial range of urban poverty according to their educational poverty Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
74 - Assessment of water poverty index in part of Karoon River catchment area
Mohammadreza Goodarzi Faeze mankaviThe purpose of this study was to investigate water stress in the upper part of the basin of the Karoon River basin for analyzing the water status of the area. After data collection, the amount of water poverty index according to the criteria of resources, access, costs, MoreThe purpose of this study was to investigate water stress in the upper part of the basin of the Karoon River basin for analyzing the water status of the area. After data collection, the amount of water poverty index according to the criteria of resources, access, costs, environment and social capacity - economy the was calculated for the upper part of the basin of the Karoon River Basin. After calculating each of the indicators of the Poverty Index, it can be stated that the range of changes in the water poverty index in the studied basin is between 6.6 and 18.2, with the lowest 6.6 points for the environment and the highest score of 18.2 is related to access, the higher the score obtained from each criterion, the better the better the benchmark, which leads to an increase in the value of the poverty indicator and finally indicates that the poverty of the water in that basin is less than Be In general, the water poverty index for the catchment area was 67.65, which is based on the classification of the Oceanographic and Hydrological Center of Wallingford in terms of low water poverty in the range of low to moderate water poverty. According to surveys, the Water Poverty Index can be used as an effective tool in water resource management and a comprehensive water use program to achieve sustainable development goals. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
75 - Spatial Analysis and Prioritization of Cities of West Azerbaijan based on Urban Poverty Indexes
پخشان خضرنژاد اصغر عابدینی میرستار صدرموسویOne of the most important goals of any society is social justice and social welfare and the equal distribution of resources, which include poverty reduction as an important dimension. To achieve the above objectives at any level in any society it needs to recognize the MoreOne of the most important goals of any society is social justice and social welfare and the equal distribution of resources, which include poverty reduction as an important dimension. To achieve the above objectives at any level in any society it needs to recognize the rate of social equality and poverty and inequality rate among different regions. This study is kind of applied-developed research where its analytical methods and the assessment of poverty in the province of West Azerbaijan was performed by using 17 indicators. Analyzing findings using TOPSIS model and Coefficient of dispersion model and hypotheses research was conducted in accordance with Spss software requirements as well. The weight of indicators were determined by a panel of 20 relevant experts. Accordingly, each of the urban areas of the province in terms of indicators was rated and classified. The study showed significant differences between cities in terms of development. Orumyieh was ranked as one of the lowest poverty rates in urban development and Chaypareh as the rank of the highest urban poverty. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
76 - A Spatial Analysis of Poverty Traps and Urban Deprivation in Qom
mojtaba rafieian nafiseh zahedThe poverty traps in urban areas cause lack of effective development in the society and harm the urban society. The residents of these urban poverty traps are the poorest ones. They always have the minimum urban services and facilities and are in the lowest level of int MoreThe poverty traps in urban areas cause lack of effective development in the society and harm the urban society. The residents of these urban poverty traps are the poorest ones. They always have the minimum urban services and facilities and are in the lowest level of integration with the urban context and its residents. Paying serious attention to urban policies which seems very necessary and important can prevent the emergence and deep poverty traps. Therefore, the effective factors, at first, should be characterized and then, policies should be designed and implemented in accordance with them. In this study, the most important factors affecting the formation of spatial poverty traps in the city of Qom have been examined. In this process, to review the factors affecting the formation of spatial poverty traps and measuring the poverty level, the factor analysis type R was used. The results showed that five factors are the main effective factors of the emerging poverty traps in Qom which explain 88.93 percent of urban poverty in this city. Using the factor score, the traps were classified to 5 ranges, from very low to very high poverty rates. In this classification Sahrak­ Saheb-al Zaman, Jamkaran and Ismael Abad’s traps had the highest level of poverty. To measure the spatial distribution of urban traps Moran's I coefficient and General Statistics G were used. The results showed that the spatial distribution of poverty traps has cluster pattern with a high concentration. Also, the results of correlation analysis showed that poverty rate of traps has a strong correlation between the indices of the number of unskilled workers, rental house rates, the rate of illiteracy, lack of basic facilities of housing, unsustainable housing, and poor quality of the residential environment. So the most important action plan should be done to improve housing conditions, improving employment and improving access to public services such as educational services. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
77 - An Analysis of the Effects of Deprivation Alleviation Programs on Promoting Social and Economic Sustainability in the City of Qaleh-Ganj as a Pilot for the Country's Resilient Economy
mohammadtaher rostami Abbas MalekHoseiniThe present study aimed to investigate the effects of deprivation alleviation programs on promoting social and economic sustainability in Qaleh-Ganj as a pilot for the country's resilient economy. The research method in this study was conducted through library studies a MoreThe present study aimed to investigate the effects of deprivation alleviation programs on promoting social and economic sustainability in Qaleh-Ganj as a pilot for the country's resilient economy. The research method in this study was conducted through library studies and field investigations. The statistical population of this study was all individuals in Qaleh-Ganj, which is approximately 80,000 people, and simple random sampling was used to determine the number of selected individuals. The necessary information for obtaining results was gathered through a researcher-made questionnaire. Cronbach's alpha was used to determine the reliability of the questionnaire, and content and exploratory validity were also investigated. Data analysis was performed using the SPSS statistical software through correlation and regression tests. It should be noted that the morphology of the city under study and the structural analysis of Qaleh-Ganj were examined to analyze the data. The findings showed that the assumptions related to the tests are appropriate. Deprivation alleviation was estimated to have a correlation with economic dimensions (savings, credits, income, employment, and insurance) of 0.73, 0.71, 0.61, and 0.39, respectively. Social dimensions, including networks, social participation, and social cohesion, were estimated to have correlations of 0.67, 0.79, and 0.61, respectively, with deprivation alleviation. The capacity and potential of the city had a coefficient of 0.67, indicating that they significantly influenced the success of deprivation alleviation programs. Therefore, deprivation alleviation in Qaleh-Ganj is a function of the potential and existing capacities at the city level and its sphere of influence, and investment must be made to reduce poverty and deprivation by focusing on these potentials. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
78 - Estimation of Urban and Rural Poverty and Inequality concerning Hormozgan Province compared with the Country as a Whole
Hosein Heidari esmael aboonoori Ahmad Jafari Samimi younes nademiIn this paper we have estimated the urban and rural poverty and inequality trends for the important Hormozgan province and for the country as a whole concerning the period 1984-2019. Doing so, we have used the micro income-expenditure survey data published annuall MoreIn this paper we have estimated the urban and rural poverty and inequality trends for the important Hormozgan province and for the country as a whole concerning the period 1984-2019. Doing so, we have used the micro income-expenditure survey data published annually by the Statistical Center of Iran and estimated the non-parametric Gini coefficient, poverty line and then poverty gaps. Then, in order to compare the urban and rural poverty as well as inequality levels regarding Hormozgan with that of the country as a whole, we have used 6 simple regression ANOVA models. The results indicate that the urban poverty and inequality levels have been significantly lower than that of in the rural areas. Poverty in Hormozgan urban and rural areas have been significantly more than urban and rural areas of the country as a whole, respectively. However, the Inequality in Hormozgan urban and rural areas have significantly less than those in the country as a whole, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
79 - Evaluating the Effect of Absolute and Relative Poverty on Happiness Inequality in Iran
younes nademi Seyed Parviz Jalili KamjooAbstract This research, based on Bentham's philosophy of pleasure and suffering, has assumed the pleasure as happiness and suffering as poverty and it is following the evaluation of the suffering caused by poverty on pleasure of happiness equality. Absolute and relative MoreAbstract This research, based on Bentham's philosophy of pleasure and suffering, has assumed the pleasure as happiness and suffering as poverty and it is following the evaluation of the suffering caused by poverty on pleasure of happiness equality. Absolute and relative poverty can lead to happiness inequality as moving the line of poverty to the higher deciles of income will lead to more happiness gap in the deciles. In this way, this research, by using Markov Switching method, has evaluated the effect of absolute poverty on happiness inequality during the period 1985-2012 and also has evaluated the effect of relative poverty on happiness inequality during the period 1979-2012 in Iran’s economy. The results from estimated research models showed that absolute and relative poverty have a significant positive impact on happiness inequality in Iran’s society. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
80 - Estimation of Poverty Indices in Iranian Urban and Rural Households
Ali Akbar KhosravinejadIn this paper, relative poverty will be noted to and, based on utilitarian approach and using Linear Expenditure System, a poverty line is estimated for urban and rural households. Then, head count ratio, poverty gap and Foster-Greer-Thorbecke (FGT) index will be calcul MoreIn this paper, relative poverty will be noted to and, based on utilitarian approach and using Linear Expenditure System, a poverty line is estimated for urban and rural households. Then, head count ratio, poverty gap and Foster-Greer-Thorbecke (FGT) index will be calculated and analyzed. The results represent that, at the first half of this study, the poverty indicators have almost downward trend, while there is a rise for poverty indicators at the second half. Therefore, more attention, continuous monitoring and efforts for poverty alleviation will be recommended. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
81 - The effects of tourism on sustainable rural livelihood (Case Study: Molham-Darreh and Tarkhin-Abad villages of in Hamadan Province)
Mousa Aazami nahid hashemi aminTourism has increasing link with poverty reduction in developing countries that affecting it as a poverty reduction strategy. Sustainable livelihoods framework for tourism (SLFT), as a new analytical approach in the field of rural development and poverty reduction has f MoreTourism has increasing link with poverty reduction in developing countries that affecting it as a poverty reduction strategy. Sustainable livelihoods framework for tourism (SLFT), as a new analytical approach in the field of rural development and poverty reduction has frequently been applied in recent years. Nowadays, the role of tourism in contributing to the development of rural areas is obvious for everyone and rural tourism as a form of tourism industry is important in rural and regional development policy and planning. This study as a survey aiming to analyze the livelihood outcomes (social, economic, environmental and sustainable institutional) of Molham-Darreh and Tarkhin-Abad tourism centers. Statistic population consisted of 301 persons from rural heads of households in which 140 persons were selected as sample group according to Cochran formula. The main instrument for data collection was a questionnaire that its validity was confirmed by professors and experts of the software. Also, its reliability was gained using Cronbach's alpha coefficient (α= 0/81). For statistical analysis SPSS21 software was used. Results of factor analysis showed that four intended factors including sustainable economic outcomes, sustainable social outcomes, sustainable environmental outcomes and sustainable institutional outcomes as the most important factors affecting the sustainable livelihoods of rural tourism are outcomes. These factors totally had %50.14 of the total variance in applied factor analyze. Also it can be concluded that the planning of sustainable livelihoods based rural tourism is the effective factors in developing and improving sustainable rural tourism Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
82 - Rural tourism as a strategy to achievement rural development؛ (Case study: poverty in villages of mishkhas, sivan section of ilam)
sajad sherafat mostafa azkia mansour vosooghi seyed mohamad seyed mirzaeiThe present paper deals with the rural tourism as a strategy to achievement rural development.The study assumes that rural tourism can have a positive impact on reducing poverty and rural development.This study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical. MoreThe present paper deals with the rural tourism as a strategy to achievement rural development.The study assumes that rural tourism can have a positive impact on reducing poverty and rural development.This study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical. Documentary and field methods (researcher-made questionnaire, observation and interview) were used for data collection.The statistical population of the study consists of the supervisors of eight tourism villages of Mishkhas village and has the largest volume of tourists, numbering 1638 households.Sample Size Using the HTML Table. The estimated 325 people were enrolled in the study.The sampling method was multi-stage stratified.In this way,the whole of Mishkhas (8 villages) were identified and the population proportion of each village was sampled by simple random sampling.Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics were used to analyze the collected . Investigation from the perspective of research participants showed that the coefficient of determination is 0.799. Therefore, it can be said that tourism development has played an important role in reducing poverty and rural development. The results of the path analysis showAll the aspects of rural tourism under study have direct effects on rural poverty.The highest direct effect belonged to the economic dimension (0.28) and the lowest to the physical dimension (0.11). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
83 - Presenting a paradigm model of poverty and its sociological explanation in deprived areas of Khuzestan province (case study of Hamidiyeh and Indika cities)
Sajad Bahmani Masoumeh Baghery Ali Budaghi Marzieh Shahriari. The data of this study were collected and analyzed through in-depth interviews and purposive-theoretical sampling method with forty stakeholders. After coding, nineteen main categories emerged. Emerging paradigm, in terms of conditions including (the challenge of fina More. The data of this study were collected and analyzed through in-depth interviews and purposive-theoretical sampling method with forty stakeholders. After coding, nineteen main categories emerged. Emerging paradigm, in terms of conditions including (the challenge of financing through public and private sector funding, weak work culture and skills training among young people (government-oriented oral structure), disregard for meritocracy in city management, lack of special support for regions Deprived of the province, lack of self-confidence of young people as a result of deprivation (psychological acceptance of the culture of poverty), unfair distribution of opportunities due to corruption, dissatisfaction with government support and liquidity problems in starting small, home and high-yield enterprises, weak social capital of young people Urban areas) and in the action-interaction dimension (key to employment; skills training with an entrepreneurial perspective, creation and strengthening of industrial towns, allocation of national and special funds, meritocracy and selection of specialized, jihadi and effective managers, community-based capacities, support for elimination Poverty and in terms of consequences (sectarian and ethnic conflicts and tensions as a factor in intensifying the cycle of poverty, powerlessness and social alienation, reducing the quality of household goods basket and food inflation (erosion of people's purchasing power index), feeling of social despair, Erosion of social trust, social harm) that revolves around a core category called "poverty." Ray are formed in the context of deprivation of opportunities in the countryside and the suburbs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
84 - Sociological analysis of the processes of sleeping in grave (case study :(Zabol city)
Fatemeh Sadrnabavi Asma SefatgolThe phenomenon of sleeping in the grave has been formed in some cities of Iran in recent yeas. This phenomenon is considered one of the most serious social problems in urban society. These people cannot manage their lives naturally, so their conditions have caused them MoreThe phenomenon of sleeping in the grave has been formed in some cities of Iran in recent yeas. This phenomenon is considered one of the most serious social problems in urban society. These people cannot manage their lives naturally, so their conditions have caused them to lye outside mormal social connection networks. The present study, using a qualitative approach seeks to study the processes of sleeping in graves among homeless.The method used is the narrative analysis and has been done using the technique of open and in-depth interviews. Sample was purposefully selected, and selection was continued until saturation was reached. Hoopert’s method of narrative research was utilized. Instrument validation was through Denizin angle criterion and reliability was based on four criteria: the accuracy of the processes followed, comprehensibility, the use of sufficient documentation and evidence, and the provision of error handling mechanisms. Findings indicated that three key and constructive models of the burial process can be presented; 1- Family history of addiction model 2_ Cultural poverty model 3- Social-economic factors model Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
85 - Presenting a paradigm model of poverty and its sociological explanations in deprived areas of Khuzestan province (case of study: Hamidiyeh and Indika cities)
Masoumeh Bagheri Ali Budaghi Sajad Bahmani Marzieh ShahriariThe data of this study were collected and analyzed through in-depth interviews and purposive-theoretical samplingThis qualitative study was conducted with the aim of presenting a paradigm model of poverty and its sociological explanation in the deprived cities of Andika MoreThe data of this study were collected and analyzed through in-depth interviews and purposive-theoretical samplingThis qualitative study was conducted with the aim of presenting a paradigm model of poverty and its sociological explanation in the deprived cities of Andika and Hamidiyeh in Khuzestan province. Gronded theory and purposive sampling method were used and the number of participants was 40. After coding, nineteen main categories emerged. The dimension of conditions included the challenge of financing through public and private sector funding, weak work ethics and skills training among young people (government-oriented mentality), disregard for meritocracy in city management, lack of special support for deprived regions of the province, lack of self-confidence in young people as a result of deprivation (psychological acceptance of the culture of poverty), unfair distribution of opportunities due to corruption, dissatisfaction with government support and liquidity problems in starting small, home and high-yield enterprises, weak social capital of young people of urban areas. The action-interaction dimension included employment; skills training with an entrepreneurial perspective, creation and strengthening of industrial towns, allocation of national and special funds, meritocracy and selection of specialized, jihadi and effective managers, community-based capacities, support for elimination Poverty. The dimension of consequences included sectarian and ethnic conflicts and tensions as a factor in intensifying the cycle of poverty, powerlessness and social alienation, reduction of quality of household goods and food price inflation (erosion of people's purchasing power index), feeling of social despair, erosion of social trust (social harms) that revolves around a core category called "poverty." that are formed in connection with the deprivation of opportunities in the countryside and slum areas. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
86 - A Franciscan Analysis of "Poverty and Richness" in the Sufi Ethics and Golestan Ethics
Farzad Baloo Mustafa Mirdar RezaeiThe concept of Francis (practical wisdom) roots in Aristotelian philosophy and is closely related with the applied term in Gadamerian hermeneutics. Being inspired by Aristotel's Francis, Gadamer emphasizes the practical and pragmatic aspects of understanding. Therefore, MoreThe concept of Francis (practical wisdom) roots in Aristotelian philosophy and is closely related with the applied term in Gadamerian hermeneutics. Being inspired by Aristotel's Francis, Gadamer emphasizes the practical and pragmatic aspects of understanding. Therefore, he considers understanding and interpretation as concrete and empirical concepts, not been subjected to specific rules and procedures. In Confrontation with the moral doctrines in general and with poverty and richness in particular, Saadi attempts to gain an objective and practical uderstanding. One of these moral lessons reflected in various Sufi books from the third and fourth centuries AH, was the pereference of the patient poor over the thankful rich. This belief was dominant on the Sufi up to the the seventh century in the wat that they believed every rebellion and disobedience from it would lead to the eternal torment both in this world and the hereafter for the disbelievers. In the seventh century, however, Saadi in his ethical treatise, Golestan, takes a new approach dealing with the concept of poverty and richness. With a Franciscan interpretation, which is in line with the concrete and tangible situation of his everyday life, Saadi considers richness as the savior in the age of decline. His belief is in contrast to the dominant, transhistoric, and ruling interpretation. With his practical ethic, Saadi introduces a new life to Iran and Iranians. This paper intends to explain and analyze such claim by using a descriptive-analytic approach depending on the library studies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
87 - Analysis of Relationship between Rural Participation and Poverty (Case Study: Villages of Saravan District, Rasht County)
Majid Yasouri Seyedeh Fatemeh EmamiThe aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between rural partnership and poverty situation (in different social, economic and political aspects) in the rural district of Saravan, located in city of Rasht in Gilan province. Predictor variables in this sturd MoreThe aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between rural partnership and poverty situation (in different social, economic and political aspects) in the rural district of Saravan, located in city of Rasht in Gilan province. Predictor variables in this sturdy include partnership (in different social, political and physical service aspects), attitude towards partnership, the approach to partnership and criterion variable includes poverty in political aspects. The type of research is applied-developmental and the study method is documentary, analytical and survey.In order to complete the information, a questionnaire is used. In analytical method, each desired component is introduced according to the proposed theory. Accordingly, each component with multi-reagents identify the degree of partnership and its role in rural development; then, components of poverty in political, economic and social aspects and the relationship between these two variables of partnership and poverty is investigated using multiple regression model in SPSS software. The statistical population of the study is all rural households in Saravan. 370 samples were chosen using Morgan table. The results indicate that the issue of poverty in different dimensions and levels of partnership are related.It means that each unit increase in partnership, 0/728 units reduce in political dimensions of poverty, respectively. In other words, by increasing each of the partnership indexes, the partnership approach and attitude towards partnership in social, political and economic dimensions of poverty reduce too. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
88 - Distribution zoning and severity of multidimensional poverty in Kermanshah province (Using Alkire & Foster method)
Hosain Hataminejad Mostafa Haraeeni Mohammad Sina Shahsavari hojjat allah pashapourIntroduction: Poverty is one of the most important issues in today's cities. Studies have shown that the issue of poverty is not simply related to income shortages, but also means the inability to get out of poverty.Aim of the study: The purpose of this study is to inve MoreIntroduction: Poverty is one of the most important issues in today's cities. Studies have shown that the issue of poverty is not simply related to income shortages, but also means the inability to get out of poverty.Aim of the study: The purpose of this study is to investigate the poverty situation in a comprehensive way by Alkheimer and Foster method in Kermanshah province.Research methodology: This research is an applied type that has been done by descriptive-analytical method. In this study, the dimensions of the poverty index are similar to the multidimensional poverty index of the human development reports of the United Nations Development Program and the data used in this study are taken from the general population and housing census data of the Statistics Center in 2016. The statistical population of the study includes Kermanshah province and its sub-sectors including cities, rural and urban areas.Findings and Discussion: The results show that 2.77% of the households in the province are poor and their severity of poverty (A) is equal to 2.79%. Also, the adjusted census (MO) ratio is equal to 3.93. On the other hand, the rate and severity of poverty in urban households is higher than rural households. 55.5% of urban households and 1.22% of rural households are poor. The severity of poverty in urban households is 1.63 percent and in rural households is 1.16 percent. Finally, urban and rural areas of Kermanshah province were compared based on the amount and severity of poverty.Results: According to the results of urban areas, the cities of Ravansar, Songhar, Kangavar and Hersin, which have the lowest poverty, are in the first floor. The cities of Gilan-e-Gharb, Dalahou and Thalas Babajani were located on the second floor, and Kermanshah, Islamabad, Javanroud and Sahneh were located on the third floor and the rest on the fourth floor. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
89 - An Analysis of Influential contexts and processes in Spatial Organization of Urban Poverty (Case Study: Tabriz Metropolis)
Maryam Rezayi Ali Panahi Reza ValizadehIntroduction: Urban poverty is one of the biggest challenges in both developing and developed countries, which is a major obstacle for most governments to achieve the indicators of sustainable development. Therefore, accurate identification of poor areas as well as cont MoreIntroduction: Urban poverty is one of the biggest challenges in both developing and developed countries, which is a major obstacle for most governments to achieve the indicators of sustainable development. Therefore, accurate identification of poor areas as well as contexts and processes affecting the formation and spread of poverty is one of the necessities of urban planning and management to deal with the spread of this phenomenon.Research Aim: The purpose of this study is to investigate the areas of urban poverty and also to analyze the contexts and processes affecting the spatial organization of poverty in Tabriz metropolis.Methodology: The research method in the present study is mixed (quantitative-qualitative) with analytical-exploratory nature, which in order to collect research data has been used from the information available in the statistical blocks of 1996 and 2016 in Tabriz and to interview the managers and academic elites specializing in urban poverty (15 people based on the Delphi method) and to analyze the data, has been used the Q-factor analysis model and the nearest neighbor index (NNI) in GIS software.Studied Areas: The geographical area of the research includes 10 regions of Tabriz metropolis.Results: Findings show that the contexts and processes of spatial expansion and organization of poverty in Tabriz metropolis include the three main factors of inefficiency of the management structure and macroeconomic system, discriminatory management structure and economic system and the characteristics of immigrants and low-income people, which in total, they explain 83.536% of the total variance.Conclusion: The results show that in 1996, most of the suburban areas of the city were in an unfavorable situation, while in 2016, the organization and spatial distribution of poor areas in the city and the distribution of clusters of poor areas during this period of 20 years has been reduced. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
90 - Spatial analysis of urban poverty Dynamics and zoning in Rasht metropolis
amer nikpour Mohammad Soleymani Behnaz Mohammadyarithe present study has identified different areas of poverty in Rasht. For this purpose, 23 indices extracted from statistical blocks were used. The results of the combination of indicators showed that poverty zones are concentrated phenomena, almost in the north, west a Morethe present study has identified different areas of poverty in Rasht. For this purpose, 23 indices extracted from statistical blocks were used. The results of the combination of indicators showed that poverty zones are concentrated phenomena, almost in the north, west and east of the city. And in contrast to the welfare zones in the central and southern parts of the city and concentrated throughout the city. Also, based on the other results of the study, we can conclude that overall poverty zone 61.21% of households, 61.46% The percentage of population and 34.11% of the total area of the city. The welfare zone covers 10.66 percent of the household, 10.43 percent of the population, and 23.2 percent of the city's area. Finally, using the Moran index available in Geoda software, the spatial autocorrelation of urban poverty in the study area was determined and the value of Moran's statistic (0.79) is indicative of the cluster pattern of poverty in Rasht. The results show that the increase in poverty reflects the growth of poor performance in the region. As class distances have increased, poverty is widened and class conflicts are more severe, social injustice is more severe and the mass of the unemployed is high, however, the fact is that urban areas are very diverse and there are significant differences in different viewing areas. The results show that government investment in specific areas has been influencing the rise of urban poverty in other areas. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
91 - Resilience Analysis of Rural Households Against Food Insecurity (Case Study: Zanjan Township)
mahdi charaghi mohammad behroz yeganeh Sediqeh mozaffariIntroduction: Food insecurity is a serious issue, especially in the villages of less developed and developing countries. Food insecurity depends on consumption behavior and its underlying factors.Research Aim: The purpose of this research is to investigate and evaluate MoreIntroduction: Food insecurity is a serious issue, especially in the villages of less developed and developing countries. Food insecurity depends on consumption behavior and its underlying factors.Research Aim: The purpose of this research is to investigate and evaluate the food insecurity of households in rural areas. The question that is raised in the field of food insecurity is, what are the most important effective factors in the resilience of rural households against food insecurity?Methodology: The current research is applied in terms of type and descriptive-evaluation in terms of nature. The statistical population of the current research is eight villages of Zanjan city, these eight villages have 3047 households, and using the Cochran formula, the number of samples needed to complete the questionnaire (342) households was calculated and the questionnaires were completed using a systematic method. The method of collecting information in the form of library and field (questionnaire and observation) and the method of analyzing information quantitatively (descriptive statistics of mean and frequency distribution, standard deviation) and inferential statistics (Pearson correlation coefficient, Yeoman-Whitney test, Heckman model, Johnkheer test and Kruskal test) Wallis) and to calculate the amount of food insecurity, the method (food insecurity scale) has been usedResearch Area: The geographical scope of this research is Zanjan township.Results: The results of Friedman's test show that in non-food strategies to deal with food insecurity, the highest average with a value of 4.62 is related to the strategy of borrowing money to buy food, and in food strategies to deal with food insecurity, the highest average rating is related to the use of cheap food with a value of 95. It is 4.Conclusion: In the studied area, since the level of food insecurity and poverty is low, it can be expected that the level of social capital is appropriate and in times of need, rural households can use it to meet their food needs; Therefore, social acceptance, that is, the possibility of meeting needs through collective action by people using the opportunity to participate in social affairs, can be one of the main reasons for the high use of the strategy of borrowing money. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
92 - Analysis of the human development index in Kermanshah Province
rahmatollah bahrami khalil atarHuman development can be extended to the selection process in the context of space capabilities to achieve better defined. On the other hand, "the motion of any society to achieve development, human factors. Humans are also agents of development and its ultimate goal. S MoreHuman development can be extended to the selection process in the context of space capabilities to achieve better defined. On the other hand, "the motion of any society to achieve development, human factors. Humans are also agents of development and its ultimate goal. So important because, nowadays, people-centered development, human development is central to the debate. Therefore, a comprehensive study on the progress of humanity, such as the circumstances of economic, cultural development framework sustainable is one of the necessities of the inevitable issues of development for each region is one? The findings indicate that improvement of this index increases life expectancy of 64/9 years to 69 years in the education index and the literacy rate for men and women from 68 percent in 1375, more than 80 percent in 1385 has increased. But in per capita income, studies show that the share of household income province to 14 percent less than the average of the country in this position 25 countries are located. Given the low wages and rising unemployment in the province, a strategic plan to improve the human development index in the province through the development budget in order to increase employment in the province of the privileged position with regard to communication and trade with Iraq, the oil-dependent industrial development due to the abundant oil resources in the province is recommended. Any gender differences in the base human development is more, gender-related development index will be lower than the human development index. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
93 - Assessment of Poverty Alleviation Strategies Used By Rural Farming Households in Ondo State, Nigeria
Felix. Oladipo Abdulrazaq Daudu M. Kuye -
Open Access Article
94 - Determinants of Vulnerability to Poverty among Rice Farmers: A Case Study of Nasarawa Rice Hub
Babatunde Olanrewaju Opeyemi Gbenga Zubair Idris -
Open Access Article
95 - Measuring Socioeconomic Status of Rural Households in Edo State, Nigeria: An Asset-Based Approach
Eddy Onemolease A.O Akioya -
Open Access Article
96 - Effect of Socio-Economic Characteristics on Food Security of Small Scale Farmers in Rawalpindi
Muhammad Furqan Mirza Badar Naseem Siddiqui Muhammad Hanif Almas Jabeen Ghazala Sadaf Amina Nauman Saba Shakeel Maria Munawwar -
Open Access Article
97 - Determinants of Poverty among Rural Households in South Western States, Nigeria
Olubunmi Lawrence Balogun -
Open Access Article
98 - Dynamic Analysis of Major Household Expenses on the Poverty Level in Rural Society of Iran
Seyed Ehsan Zohoori Reza moghaddasiAccording to the definition of the World Bank, considering the concept of poverty based on the standard of living and minimum subsistence facilities, in addition to the social aspect, it specifies major variables regarding household expenses. Studying the consumers&rsqu MoreAccording to the definition of the World Bank, considering the concept of poverty based on the standard of living and minimum subsistence facilities, in addition to the social aspect, it specifies major variables regarding household expenses. Studying the consumers’ behavior households needs a time series of special samples and in case of cross-section data can only rely on the correlation between the share of consumption expenditure on different goods and social factors affecting poverty and household vulnerability. In this research, the relationship between several types of major household expenses and poverty has been studied in the rural society of Iran during the 1370-1400. According to the results of IRFs and coefficients of ECM indicated the more increase in household’s hygienic and educational expenditures is effective in decreasing in poverty while the effect of hygiene expenditures has been more evident. Major suggestions include increasing treatment and educational facilities in improving nutrition and well-being and changing the attitude, vision and culture of the rural community in order to develop their public welfare. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
99 - Impact of Youth Commercial Agricultural Development Programme on Poverty Status of Rural Households in Ekiti State, Nigeria
Adetomiwa Kolapo Olanrewaju Adebayo Olanipekun یوآنده بوبولا آکانده Matthew Kolawole Opeyemi Muhammed -
Open Access Article
100 - Labour and Poverty: Empirical Relationship Using House Data from South Nigeria
Nsikak-Abasi A. Etim Sunday Okon Inibong A. AkpabioIn Nigeria, most farming activities rely on family labor. However, rural-urban drift and the movement of young people away from agriculture are making labor increasingly pause. Thus, labor has become a major constraint to expanding the scope of production by small-scale MoreIn Nigeria, most farming activities rely on family labor. However, rural-urban drift and the movement of young people away from agriculture are making labor increasingly pause. Thus, labor has become a major constraint to expanding the scope of production by small-scale resource poor farmers. This paper provides an empirical relationship between labor and poverty using data from households. Through a multi stage sampling procedure, 150 farming households were selected using questionnaire. Results of Foster, Greer and Thorbecke decomposition show that poverty incidence, depth and severity increase with increase in labor employed in farm operations implying that poverty is directly related to labor. Finding further reveals that the difference in poverty incidence of one of the sub-group (1-50 Vs 50-100) pair is statistically significant at (P<0.05). Results suggest that the mandays of labor employed significantly affect the poverty incidence of farm households. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
101 - Livestock Marketing Decisions Among Pastoral Communities: The Influence of Cattle Rustling in Baringo District, Kenya
Kaimba George Kinyua Guliye Abdi Yakub Njehia Bernard Kamau Hillary Kiplangat BettThe study sought to determine whether pastoralists have resorted to sale of livestock as a form of insurance against commercialization of cattle rustling in which well structured and managed cartels have organised more intense and frequent cattle raids on pastoralist, a MoreThe study sought to determine whether pastoralists have resorted to sale of livestock as a form of insurance against commercialization of cattle rustling in which well structured and managed cartels have organised more intense and frequent cattle raids on pastoralist, and how their decisions have affected their herd size. The study was conducted among the pastoral Baringo community of Kenya. A sample size of 110 households was selected using multi-stage sampling procedures and interviewed using a questionnaire. Binary Probit Model and Ordinary Least Squares were used in the analysis. Results indicated that cattle rustling, particularly in its predatory state significantly contributes to spontaneous sale of livestock even under very low prices that in themselves could be described as raiding. The results further indicated that the number of livestock lost through cattle rustling dominated livestock sale and hence reduced herd size and the numbers of livestock available for sale. The insecurity generated by cattle rustling, coupled with the poor marketing infrastructure make market inaccessible by both buyers and sellers, resulting to increased poverty and dependency amongst the pastoralists. Consequently, pastoralism has become a source of misery rather than source of livelihood. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
102 - The Determinants of Rural Poverty in Nigeria
Nsikak-Abasi A. Etim Edet J. UdohMost of the population of Nigeria is rural and agriculture is the mainstay of the impoverished people’s livelihood. This paper estimated the determinants of rural poverty in Nigeria using the Tobit regression model. Through the multistage sampling technique, prima MoreMost of the population of Nigeria is rural and agriculture is the mainstay of the impoverished people’s livelihood. This paper estimated the determinants of rural poverty in Nigeria using the Tobit regression model. Through the multistage sampling technique, primary data were obtained from 150 rural farming households using a questionnaire. The Result of Tobit regression analysis shows that increase in farm income, farm size and amount of agricultural loan led to a decrease in the level of poverty by 0.9953, 0.1220 and 0.4016 x 10-6 respectively. Membership of the cooperative by household heads, ownership of certain assets, access to extension services, and modern farming inputs, increase in educational attainment and male heads of households decreased the likelihood of being poor. Findings also reveal that except for access to loan that is elastic, the responsiveness of the probability and intensity of poverty to dependency ratio, farming experience, farm size and income are inelastic. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
103 - Land and Poverty: Some Empirical Findings Using Cross Sectional Data from Niger Delta Region, Nigeria
Nsikak-Abasi A. Etim Agnes U. Akpan Uduakobong A. BrownPoverty is the most serious threat to natural resources and the environment and most of the poor are rural-based who engage in various agricultural activities. Land is a critical asset for the rural poor and lacking means to appropriately intensify agriculture which com MorePoverty is the most serious threat to natural resources and the environment and most of the poor are rural-based who engage in various agricultural activities. Land is a critical asset for the rural poor and lacking means to appropriately intensify agriculture which compels the poor to either overuse or misuse this natural resource base to meet basic needs. This study presents empirical relationship between land and poverty using Foster, Greer and Thorbecke weighted poverty measure. Through the multi-stage sampling procedure, 150 rural farmers were selected with the aid of questionnaire. The results of poverty decomposition show that the prevalence of poverty is more among the nearly landless farming households. Result of stochastic dominance analysis indicate that poverty incidence is sensitive to changes in poverty lines and there is second order stochastic dominance as poverty depth and severity are robust to the choice of poverty line for this sub-group. Results further suggest that households with little or no access to farmland depend on non-farm income sources for family survival. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
104 - The Impact of Negative Income Taxes on Poverty and Inequality in Iran
Farhad Khodadadkashi Yeghaneh Mousavi Jahromi Hasan Aama BandoghraeeIn this article, we try to examine how to eliminate poverty and inequality throughthe negative income tax system. In this study, the rate of poverty and inequality iscalculated through Kakwani poverty indicators and Gini coefficient inequality index,respectively. Negati MoreIn this article, we try to examine how to eliminate poverty and inequality throughthe negative income tax system. In this study, the rate of poverty and inequality iscalculated through Kakwani poverty indicators and Gini coefficient inequality index,respectively. Negative income tax rate (0.5) for the income distance to the povertyline, is considered and the statistical sample of the study includes the cost andincome of 12961 urban households in Iran in 2018. The results of this study showthat the plan to impose a negative income tax (0.5) will reduce the povertycalculated based on the Kakovani index from 0.54 to 0.24 which shows a decreaseof about 0.55%. The Gini coefficient decreases from 0.38 before the policy to 0.17,which means a 55% reduction in inequality. On the other hand, to completelyeradicate poverty in Iran, according to the data of 2018, there must impose anincreased tax rate of 60% on the income surplus of non-poor people up to thepoverty line. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
105 - Spatial Analysis of the Effect of Inflation and Unemployment on Poverty in the Iran’s Provinces
Shiva Alizadeh Hossein Eyvazloo Masoomeh MotallebiPoverty is one of the most important obstacles to economic development and thecause of many economic problems in all countries. Therefore, recognizing the mainfactors affecting poverty is very important for the policymakers in the field of righteconomic policy. Therefor MorePoverty is one of the most important obstacles to economic development and thecause of many economic problems in all countries. Therefore, recognizing the mainfactors affecting poverty is very important for the policymakers in the field of righteconomic policy. Therefore, this study examines the effect of inflation andunemployment along with the two variables of government healthcare expendituresin GDP and population growth on the Gini coefficient, as an indicator of poverty inthe provinces of Iran, during the period 2006-2018 using spatial econometricapproach to investigate the provincial spillover effects. The results showed thatinefficient healthcare expenditures, which along with population growth are themost important factors influencing the deterioration of income distribution withoutincreasing human capital and unemployment rate, has been increasing due to theyoung population of Iran and its increase in the labor market in different years andinflation, which has risen sharply in recent years due to rising sanctions, has madepeople poorer. These are factors that have worsened income distribution andincreased poverty in the provinces of Iran. Also, the spatial proximity between theprovinces worsens the income distribution. Therefore, policies to reduce poverty,improve welfare and improve income distribution in all provinces need to beadopted in a balanced way in order to improve income distribution. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
106 - Investigation of the inflation's effect on poverty using econometric model and views of the Holy Quran.
Mohammad Afrasiabi marjan damankeshideh Reza RahimiOne of the most fundamental economic problems in Iran is an issue called inflation and its adverse effects on society. Research has examined this issue from various aspects. One of these cases is to study the effect of inflation on poverty. Inflation affects poverty by MoreOne of the most fundamental economic problems in Iran is an issue called inflation and its adverse effects on society. Research has examined this issue from various aspects. One of these cases is to study the effect of inflation on poverty. Inflation affects poverty by changing the general level of prices and puts the poverty index in a worse situation.This study tries to express the view of the Holy Quran on poverty and inflation and to determine the position of these two phenomena in comparison with other things that God has forbidden to human beings. In this regard, first, using time series data from 1368 to 1399 and econometric techniques, we have examined the effect of inflation on the relative poverty line as the main purpose of the study and stated the results.Also, Gini coefficient data, national income growth, unemployment rate and exchange rate in the mentioned period are included in the model as auxiliary variables and their impact is expressed as sub-objectives of the research. At the end, suggestions related to the centrality of Quranic verses are presented. It is hoped that this research will open a window to the truth. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
107 - Indigence and Abundance from Hojviri and Khaje Abdollāh Ansari’s Points of View
سهیلا موسوی سیرجانی Indigence and abundance (faqr and ghanā) are two major keywords in Iranian Islamic mystical literature. They are two opposing concepts, referring to poverty as opposed to richness. For Hojviri and Khaje Abdollāh, abundance is Divine attribute, but it can be a h More Indigence and abundance (faqr and ghanā) are two major keywords in Iranian Islamic mystical literature. They are two opposing concepts, referring to poverty as opposed to richness. For Hojviri and Khaje Abdollāh, abundance is Divine attribute, but it can be a human attribute meaning the richness of heart. In Islamic mysticism, richness of heart is a mystical state referring to needlessness from everything but God. On the other hand, indigence is needfulness to God, and via this needfulness the mystics reach the station of ecstasy (fanās fi Allah). This article expounds these subjects from Hojviri and Kaje Abdollāh Ansāri’s, the two famous Iranian mystics, points of view. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
108 - A Study of the Components of Rural Literature in the Political Novel "yahdoso fi mesr alaan" by Yusuf al-Quaid
alireza allahbakhshiRural literature in different countries has always been considered as one of the important sub-branches of fiction literature and great authors have written novels in this field. The importance of this branch of fiction in Arab societies is such that a concept called "R MoreRural literature in different countries has always been considered as one of the important sub-branches of fiction literature and great authors have written novels in this field. The importance of this branch of fiction in Arab societies is such that a concept called "Rural Literature" has a special place as part of the novel writing literature. The impact of this kind of literature on fiction is undeniable. In light of the importance of the issue, the present article, by using social criticism, and also being inspired by the themes of rural life, tries to explain the concept of rural literature, and as an example, to examine the approach of Yusuf al-Quaid (1944 AD) the capable Egyptian writer towards his village and birthplace in the novel "Yahdoso Fi Mesr Alaan".The results of the research indicate that the author, by using the rural environment as a symbol and synecdoche, had depicted in his novel, the social, economic and cultural anomalies of Egyptian society in a realistic way and far from extremism, and has accounted them in a wide range of negative concepts of disparaging views towards villagers, lack of social facilities, poverty, political power and corruption, the abuse of the villagers' feelings, especially their feelings towards relegion, neglecting this stratum and exploiting them for political purposes, by means of promises and populist policies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
109 - The Effect of Financial Development on Income Distribution in Developing Countries and Developed Countries: GMM Method
علی اکبر احمدی محمد اسماعیل رستمی نیا علیرضا غیبیConsidering that the main objective of this study was to investigate the effect of financial development on income distribution (Gini index) in selected developing countries and developed countries in the selected time period (2000-2010) is empirical modelin MoreConsidering that the main objective of this study was to investigate the effect of financial development on income distribution (Gini index) in selected developing countries and developed countries in the selected time period (2000-2010) is empirical modeling study using dynamic panel generalized moments (GMM) and use the variables GDP per capita, trade openness indicator, the indicator of financial development, inflation, consumer price index and the Gini coefficient was estimated. The results of the estimation of the model in both developed and developing countries distinguishing short and long term effects is discussed. These results indicate that the coefficient of financial development in developing countries (0/02) have opposite signs developed countries (-0/04) is. As income inequality and financial development theories, different estimates of the relationship between these two variables stated, Financial development in developing countries, the increase in income inequality and the increase in average household income and access many brokers and financial services, reduces income inequality. While in developed countries a negative linear relationship between financial development and income inequality that Byangrkahsh income inequality is due to the development of markets and financial intermediaries. Coefficient of per capita income, inflation and the value of the Gini coefficient by delays in developing countries and developed signs consistent with the model assumptions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
110 - A Survey of Iran’s place between Middle Eastern and Central Asia countries according to economic and environmental indexes of MDG
Javad Salahi Yashar TarverdiConspicuously enough, UN-MDG (Millennium Development Goals) indexes cover the various aspects of economic development in countries. Indeed, MDGs are collection from the World Bank and the IMF indexes which were used for monitoring economics status and every member of th MoreConspicuously enough, UN-MDG (Millennium Development Goals) indexes cover the various aspects of economic development in countries. Indeed, MDGs are collection from the World Bank and the IMF indexes which were used for monitoring economics status and every member of the UN is subjected to report the required data in former designed format and frequency. Furthermore reported data and usage of indexes provide tremendous chance to compare the countries with each other. In the year 2002, Iran has adopted a strategic vision named “Iran 1202” which is suggested that Iran is going to be the 1 st country in the ME and CA region in economic, social, cultural aspects. BY using almost 20 years long data of MDG indexes and the use of ADF and ARIMA time series models the index values of countries in 2012 are estimated and in the result by ranking Iran position among Middle Eastern and central Asian countries in the year 2012 is forecasted. Due to lack of data in some indexes a combination of graphical trend analysis and ARIMA models are used. In conclusion in the year 2012 Iran would be in the 2 high rank countries in the 1 st ,2 nd , 7 th goals of MDG. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
111 - An analysis of the supporting policies of the 9th to 12th governments in increasing the employment and reducing inflation in Iran
صغرا آزمایش آسیابسری mhrdad mohammadian Nader Motihaghshenas mohamad mehdi labibiThis research has investigated the impact of the support policies of the 9th to 12th governments on the problems of poverty and economic misery in Gilan province. In order to collect data, a technical interview was used and the purpose sampling method. The interview con MoreThis research has investigated the impact of the support policies of the 9th to 12th governments on the problems of poverty and economic misery in Gilan province. In order to collect data, a technical interview was used and the purpose sampling method. The interview continued with 37 interviews. Data analyzed with MAXQDA software. The results show that in the field of health, the Ahmadinejad government focused on prevention and treatment in the family doctor plan, job creation, providing all sections of the society with health booklets and reducing treatment costs, and the Rouhani government by creating structural reforms in the health and treatment system and providing the basis Extensive insurance coverage has taken positive steps. In the field of housing, Mr. Ahmadinejad provided a platform for the development of urban development with his comprehensive management of housing distribution and created many jobs for young people and job seekers. This is while, as a result of Rouhani's government's policies, problems such as the formation of a housing bubble, a decrease in the amount of constructions, and also the intensification of internal migrations are observed as a result of the loss of employment opportunities. The Ahmadinejad government, by implementing redistribution policies, the Imam Reza Stamp Fund plan, the plan for early-returning enterprises, the distribution of equity shares and the targeting of subsidies, and the Rouhani government, by expanding the support umbrella for government institutions, tried to reduce the degree of relative deprivation among different classes. Society to reduce. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
112 - Sociological Explanation of Women's addiction in Poor Neighborhoods in Arak (2017)
عباس خسروانی Reza Ali Mohseni Mohseni habib saborikhosroshahiThe purpose of this research is to identify and explain the sociological aspects of women's addiction in the suburbs of the city of Arak.For this purpose, five main components of the neighborhood, namely population density, population heterogeneity, inconsistency of goa MoreThe purpose of this research is to identify and explain the sociological aspects of women's addiction in the suburbs of the city of Arak.For this purpose, five main components of the neighborhood, namely population density, population heterogeneity, inconsistency of goals and facilities, relationship with perpetrators and the culture of poverty, and their impact on the addiction of women living in these neighborhoods have been examined.A sample of 374 people was selected through a simple random sampling method of 14,450 women living in 9 sub-urban areas of Arak.The study showed that addiction in the suburbs of the city of Arak has a high level, and 5 indicators of these neighborhoods have been highly and highly evaluated.The results of regression analysis showed that the correlation coefficient of the regression model and drug use variables were 0.970 and 0.941.The results of path analysis indicated that the effect of factors such as location density, population heterogeneity, inconsistency of facilities and goals, relationship with delinquents and poverty culture on women addiction is significant. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
113 - Income inequality,poverty and the liquidity of stock markets
annahita zandiAccording to development theories, achieving higher economic growth and creating economically viable opportunities for low income groups is the focus of development strategies; but over time, it has become clear that, despite high economic growth in some The low income MoreAccording to development theories, achieving higher economic growth and creating economically viable opportunities for low income groups is the focus of development strategies; but over time, it has become clear that, despite high economic growth in some The low income and poor groups have not benefited from its benefits; in other words, for proper distribution of income, in addition to continuous economic growth, other instruments and policies are also needed. The forthcoming study examines the effect of liquidity of the stock market on the amount of inequality of income during Period 1376-1396 Payments. The results obtained by maintaining certain factors, including the traditional financial development criteria, indicate that there is a negative correlation between stock market liquidity and Gini coefficient as a measure of income inequality. In addition, the findings indicate that there is a negative correlation between stock liquidity and the poverty rate. In the final set of quizzes, the division of wage increases into two parts (the increase due to stock liquidity and the vertical increase in liquidity) resulted in less evidence of reducing inequality and poverty due to the increase in wages due to liquidity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
114 - Economic Investigation of Poverty and Income Distribution in Pistachio Cultivating Areas of Kerman Province
Reza Sedaghat -
Open Access Article
115 - Analyzing the role of poverty in financial development in selected countries
saeed iranmaneshPoverty and economic inequality is a permanent problem that has always created challenges for societies. In this study, the role of poverty as one of the indicators of economic inequality in the spread of financial development has been investigated. In addition, the cur MorePoverty and economic inequality is a permanent problem that has always created challenges for societies. In this study, the role of poverty as one of the indicators of economic inequality in the spread of financial development has been investigated. In addition, the current research seeks to answer the question whether the impact of poverty on financial development depends on the level of trade openness of countries or depends on other factors. To achieve the aforementioned goals, a threshold panel model has been used for 35 developing and developed countries during the time period of 2000-2021. Also, in order to avoid the endogeneity problem, the 2SLS method and the use of instrumental variables have been used. The results indicate that as long as the degree of commercial openness is less than 71%, the increase in poverty causes a sharper decrease in financial development in the economy, and when the degree of openness is greater than 71%, the increase in poverty causes a smaller decrease in financial development. Also, the results of the model estimation show that the logarithm of per capita income, savings and population density have a positive and significant effect on financial development. The general conclusion indicates that increasing the degree of openness of the economy reduces the limiting effects of poverty on the expansion of financial development. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
116 - Negative effects of privatization on poverty and income gaps in the Fifth Program of Development
sepehr sayed sajjadi M. Jafarinezhad M. ktabiPrivatization as an effective and efficient process of economic growth and increasing efficiency in the present era has been welcomed by many policy makers in different countries of the world, and this process has also brought economic growth in the economic spheres in MorePrivatization as an effective and efficient process of economic growth and increasing efficiency in the present era has been welcomed by many policy makers in different countries of the world, and this process has also brought economic growth in the economic spheres in some cases. The present study examines the Fifth Development Plan materials and clauses in terms of some policies that encourage or facilitate privatization using the secondary analysis method. We believe that undesirable effects, such as income gap and poverty, are affected by incomplete or ineffective implementation - of privatization. Accordingly, following the implementation of privatization policies during the previous programs and consequences of these programs as well as during the implementation of the Fifth Development Plan, the gap between 2011 and 2013 has been incremental and there are geographical disparities in the distribution of facilities. Poverty alleviation during this period has not been satisfactory. Evaluating the effects and stemming the negative effects of privatization, which is the main objective of the present research, can prevent the occurrence of complications in future plans for development Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
117 - A Critical Discourse in the Story of " Abshooran " from Ali Darwishian Based on Norman Fair Clough's Theory
Azizeh Najafi Khodaverdi Abbas Zadeh leila adlparvarAbstract Norman Clough is on the thinkers who has posed the critical discourse theory to criticize the capitalistic society and recognize its cultural and social development in the literary context, specifically na MoreAbstract Norman Clough is on the thinkers who has posed the critical discourse theory to criticize the capitalistic society and recognize its cultural and social development in the literary context, specifically narrative literature. In the frame of this discourse, he emphasized on the relation of power and ideology in the three levels of description, interpretation and exposition. We have tried, in this paper, to deal with the story of Abshooran from Ali Darwishian with the library method and in the descriptive-analytical system, based on the theory of Norman Fair Clough. Darwishian has described the huggermugger situation caused by poverty in the poverty-stricken neighborhood – Abshooran. The results of the studying show: description, in the first level, in which he has used emotion and literary and at the same time negative and colloquial language, irony and short indicative sentences to explain his ideology: vocabulary which embody the meaning . In the level of interpretation, by creating presumptions in the similar situation and , the different spectra of discourse are tangible. In the level of exposition which includes the most important phenomena of poverty, aggression, ignorance, illiteracy, lying, vandalism, abusing the rights of the children, theosophy, superstition; and beside them the emotional crises, contrasting the poverty and capitalism, combat and surrender, all of which have put the atmosphere of the story in a gloomy state Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
118 - Identifying the components of committing a crime in cyberspace (cyber) of cybercrime officers in 1396
Hossein Nazarifar Roghayeh Bahari Ali PezhhanThe overall purpose of this assessment is to identify the impact of social and family factors on crime in cyberspace.In the research method, according to the nature of the subject and the objectives of this research, documentary, field, descriptive and survey methods we MoreThe overall purpose of this assessment is to identify the impact of social and family factors on crime in cyberspace.In the research method, according to the nature of the subject and the objectives of this research, documentary, field, descriptive and survey methods were used.The statistical population in this study includes experts and officers of cybercrime.Theories related to misbehavior and criminology have been used, and due to the small number of the statistical population in this study, the sample size of all experts and officers in the cybercrime department is 50. The counting method was used for sampling.The instrument used was a researcher-made questionnaire with a base of 0.90.The data were analyzed using regression test.The results showed that feelings of belonging to family, unfriendly friends, unemployment and poverty, and income constraints all contribute to cybercrime. A person's social participation in committing a crime in cyberspace has no effect. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
119 - Investigating the Impact of Poverty Culture on Social Diversions in Arak Suburbs(Case Study: Arak Garden Garden)
Abas Khosravani Reza ali Mohseni Habib SabourikhosroshahiThe purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of poverty culture in the suburban neighborhoods of Arak city on the social deviance in these neighborhoods. To this end, identifying the features of the culture of poverty and their impact on the three major soc MoreThe purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of poverty culture in the suburban neighborhoods of Arak city on the social deviance in these neighborhoods. To this end, identifying the features of the culture of poverty and their impact on the three major social deviations of these neighborhoods, namely drug use, theft And quarrels were investigated. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
120 - Construction and factor analysis ranking model high schools in the country
رفیق حسنی akhtar jamali ali taghiporzahir ali rahgozarThe purpose of high school preparing graduate for life after high school by teaching the skills and knowledge that are essential for readiness to enter the university and the labor market.The main purpose of this study is, construction and factor analysis of ranking hig MoreThe purpose of high school preparing graduate for life after high school by teaching the skills and knowledge that are essential for readiness to enter the university and the labor market.The main purpose of this study is, construction and factor analysis of ranking high schools measurement model. this research According to purpose is applied research and according of method in the category of descriptive research. To achieve goals, Before of factor analysis, to examine the adequacy of the test sample use KMO test And To ensure that correlation matrix basic for factor analysis in the population is not zero use the Bartlett's sphericity test. for the exploratory factor analysis data, varimax rotation of principal components analysis was used. The main factor to determine the number of indicators were used: a) the particular value b) the proportion of variance explained by each factor, and c) charts of special values. Results Exploratory factor analysis revealed three factors and 15 sub-indices in the ranking high schools and then using confirmed factor analysis the model of ranking with the standardized coefficients was constructed. Manuscript profile
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