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Open Access Article
1 - The inhibitory effect of garlic (Allium sativum L.) essential oil nanoliposomes on Shiga-toxin 2 expression in Escherichia coli O157:H7
Ali Zabihi Afshin Akhondzadeh basti Ghasem Amoabediny Akram Tabatabaee Bafroee Ali Khanjari Javad Tavakkoly Bazzaz -
Open Access Article
2 - A Study on the Antibacterial Activity of Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from Traditional Iranian Milk Samples
P. Taheri N. Samadi M. R. Khoshayand M. R. Fazeli H. Jamalifar M.R. Ehsani -
Open Access Article
3 - Comparison of CYP51A gene expression of Aspergillus fumigatus isolates against fluconazole and nano-fluconazole
Sarrafha Sarrafha, S.J. Hashemi Hazaveh S. Rezaei M. Bayat,Aspergillosis is an opportunistic fungal infection in animals. The disease is mainly respiratory, but other disease manifestations also occur in poultry. Researchers have shown that, one of the reasons for the increase in drug resistance in Aspergillus species is the ov MoreAspergillosis is an opportunistic fungal infection in animals. The disease is mainly respiratory, but other disease manifestations also occur in poultry. Researchers have shown that, one of the reasons for the increase in drug resistance in Aspergillus species is the overexpression of the CYP51A gene. This study compared CYP51A gene expression of Aspergillus fumigatus isolated from poultry against fluconazole and nano-fluconazole. Fluconazole liposomal-nanoparticles were prepared by the thin layer hydration method. We dissolved 5.12 mg of fluconazole powder in 1 ml of sterile distilled water and 6 ml of chloroform-methanol organic solvent. We added 51 mg of lecithin and 5 mg of cholesterol to it. The size of nanoparticles was 88.9±12.1 nm and the surface charge of these nanoparticles was -20.12±1.88 mv. We also used a Scanning-Electron Microscope to study the structure of nanoparticles. Thirty samples of A. fumigatus were collected from poultry lung nodules. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was performed by standard Broth Microdilution method according to NCCLS-M38A2 to evaluate the MIC of fluconazole and nano-fluconazole against isolates. We selected two high-resistance isolates to fluconazole and used them to determine the CYP51A gene expression level by real-time PCR. The results showed that nano-fluconazole had a lower MIC than fluconazole and in lower concentrations of the drug inhibited the growth of Aspergillus fumigatus isolates. CYP51A gene expression was increased in fluconazole and nano-fluconazole-treated isolates compared to the untreated state. Conversely, a decrease in CYP51A gene expression was observed in the exposure to nano-drug compared with the normal drug. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Mathematical Modeling and Otimization of Drying Kinetic of Quince (Cydonia olonga) Fruit Slices
Morteza Mohamadi Zahra pour Falah Monire Nahardani Seyed Mohamad MeshkaniIntroduction: Drying is one of the oldest methods for preservation of agricultural products and it is aimed and tried to effectively increase the drying rate by heat and humidity transfer. Materials and Methods: In this study, drying process for quince fruit slices with MoreIntroduction: Drying is one of the oldest methods for preservation of agricultural products and it is aimed and tried to effectively increase the drying rate by heat and humidity transfer. Materials and Methods: In this study, drying process for quince fruit slices with 3, 5 and 7 mm thickness at 60–80°C to reach a maximum of diffusion effects (Deff) and decrease drying time using response surface methodology have been optimised. Results: The results showed that Midli model had minimum amounts of RMSE, MRPD and W2 and a maximum of R2. Optimization of drying process indicated that the application of 71°C for 7mm thickness had the most diffusion effect with least drying time. Conclusion: Hot air drying method removes the moisture from the fruit and generally is suitable for drying quince fruit. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - The Antimicrobial Effect of Garlic Extract on Staphylococous aureus and Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Ready to Cook Chicken
مریم Ranjbar انوشه Sharifan شاهرخ Shabani مهدی Amin AfsharIntroduction: In recent years chemical preservatives have been commonly used in foods to increase the shelf life. Due to these preservatives their continuous use in food might not be recommended therefore the application of natural preservatives, substances that have be MoreIntroduction: In recent years chemical preservatives have been commonly used in foods to increase the shelf life. Due to these preservatives their continuous use in food might not be recommended therefore the application of natural preservatives, substances that have been employed for a long period is preferred. In this research, the antimicrobial effects of garlic extract, a natural preservative has been investigated in ready to cook chicken. Materials and Methods: The minimum inhibitory concentrations of the garlic extract were determined by using agar dilution method for Staphylococousaureus and Escherichia coli O157:H7in vitro. Furthermore for testing the antimicrobial effect of garlic extract in food system, different concentrations of garlic extract (0, 6, 7, 8, 10 mg/ml) were added to ready to cook chicken and the activities were evaluated after 24, 48, 72 hours and one week .The effects of adding different concentrations of extract on sensory behaviour were also evaluated. Results: The results have shown that Garlic extract has significant anti-microbial effects on the tested bacteria and the MIC was 7 mg/ml for both bacteria. By increasing the concentration of the garlic extract, the counts were reduced (p<0.05). It is also proved that the optimum concentrations (7, 8 mg/ml) of garlic extract had a significant effect on the sensory characteristics of cooked chicken. Conclusion: The optimum concentration of garlic extract, apart from decreasing the bacterial counts and increasing the shelf life, had a positive effect on organoleptic properties of cooked chicken. Therefore this compound might be employed as replacement for the chemical preservatives used in food industry. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - The effects of Saponin derived from Tribulus terrestris on the activity and structure of α-Glucosidase
sama alijani Azadeh Hekmat sara Khavarynejadα-Glucosidase is a kind of hydrolase enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of non-reducing terminal carbohydrates into α-glucose. Inhibition of this enzyme prevent the glucose absorption. Compounds that can inhibit α-glucosidase are widely used for the Moreα-Glucosidase is a kind of hydrolase enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of non-reducing terminal carbohydrates into α-glucose. Inhibition of this enzyme prevent the glucose absorption. Compounds that can inhibit α-glucosidase are widely used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Tribulus terrestris is a medicinal plant which is distributed around the world. Saponins in this plant are responsible for its biological activities. In the research, the α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of saponins extracted from Tribulus terrestris has been studied by ELISA reader, UV-Visible, and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopies. The results of ELISA reader displayed that Saponins have functioned as uncompetitive inhibitory effects on α-glucosidase. The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value were 38 µM for saponin. The absorption of α-glucosidase increased with the addition of saponin concentrations. Comparison of the α-glucosidase and α-glucosidase-saponin complex displayed that the content of the α-helix structure decreased and the content of the β-sheets and random coils structure increased. Collectively, the results showed that saponins extracted from Tribulus terrestris can disrupt the α glucosidase enzyme structure and inhibit the enzyme activity. Altogether, the saponins extracted from Tribulus terrestris can be a good candidate for Type II diabetes treatment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - The Use of Nanoemulsion-based Strategies to Improve Corrosion inhibition Efficiency of Herbal Extract Inhibitors
Meysam Ahmadi-Zeidabadi Razieh Razavi Mahnaz Amiri Seyed Hamzeh Hosseini Maryam Payandeh -
Open Access Article
8 - Inhibition of Mild Steel Corrosion in Sulfuric Acid Solution by 2-Hydropyrimidine-2-Thione Derivative
Laya Nejati Moghadam Effat Jamalizadeh Zahra Hassani Amir Hossein Jafari -
Open Access Article
9 - Synthesis and Molecular Docking Studies of 2-arylideneindan-1,3-diones Derivatives as an Inhibitor of 17β-hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1
Somayeh Makarem Nazila Amiri Notash -
Open Access Article
10 - Application of 3D-QSAR on a Series of Potent P38-MAP Kinase Inhibitors
Reihaneh Safavi-Sohi Jahan B. Ghasemi -
Open Access Article
11 - Electrochemical Investigation of Coconut Oil as Green Corrosion Inhibitor for ST37 Carbon Steel Protection
Mohammad Hossein Ghorbani Arash Ghoorchian Hamideh Kalhor -
Open Access Article
12 - Malvasylvestris Flower Extracts as Green Corrosion Inhibitor for Carbon Steel in HCl Solution
Razieh Salahandish Ali Ghaffarinejad Ali Moradpour -
Open Access Article
13 - The effect of mixing herbicides of clodinafop-propargyl and sulfosulfuron in wheat, wild oat (Avena ludoviciana Dur.) little seed canary grass (Phalaris minor Retz.)
sahar Akhoondi javid gherekhloo naser bagherani Afshin SoltaniThe accurate application of herbicides for selective and economic control of weeds without harming the environment and crops is one of the most important successes in modern agriculture. To investigate the additive, synergism and or antagonism effect of clodinafop-propa MoreThe accurate application of herbicides for selective and economic control of weeds without harming the environment and crops is one of the most important successes in modern agriculture. To investigate the additive, synergism and or antagonism effect of clodinafop-propargyl and sulfosulfuron tank mixture on wheat winter wild oat and little seed canary grass weeds using isobole curves, a series of experiments were conducted at the greenhouse of Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources based on completely randomized design with 3 replicates. Herbicides were applied at 8 rates of 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1, 2 X of recommended dose and tank mixture ratios of (0:100), (25:75), (50:50, (25:75), (100:0). Log-logistic function for dry weight of plants was fitted against differential doses of herbicides for each mixture and the dose required to inhibit 50% growth (GR50) was estimated. Then, isobole curves were used to determine the effect of clodinafop-propargyl and sulfosulfuron mixtures. The results showed that the rates of clodinafop-propargyl and sulfosulfuron required for 50% reduction in winter wild oat and little seed canary grass growth were 0.437 and 1.719, and 0.312 and 0.952 recommended dose of this herbicides. GR50 increased as sulfosulfuron rates increased. The mixture of clodinafop-propargyl and sulfosulfuron at recommended dose had no effect on wheat. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - Quantitative structure–activity relationship study for predicting activity of some medicine compounds by firefly algorithm
mehdi nekoei Fatemeh ShamsQuantitative structure–activity relationship models were developed for predicting activity of a series of medicine compounds such as pyridine derivatives. The suitable set of the molecular descriptors was calculated and the important descriptors using the variable MoreQuantitative structure–activity relationship models were developed for predicting activity of a series of medicine compounds such as pyridine derivatives. The suitable set of the molecular descriptors was calculated and the important descriptors using the variable selections of the stepwise (SW) and the firefly algorithm (FFA) were selected. The predictive quality of the QSAR models was tested for an external set of compounds by multiple linear regression (MLR). Statistical parameters for SW-MLR and FF-MLR were R2 train = 0.835, 0.859, RMSEP = 0.620, 0.786, REP= 10.72, 10.52 respectively. A comparison between the attained results indicated the superiority of the firefly algorithm over the stepwise method in the feature selection. The predicted results of this study can be used to design new inhibitors of melanoma anti-cancer. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - Leucas aspera (Willd.) L.: Antibacterial, antifungal and mosquitocidal activities
Manickam Pavunraj Ganapathy Ramasubbu Kathirvelu Baskar -
Open Access Article
16 - Chemical composition of Leplaea mayombensis (Pellegrin) Staner
Djeukeu Charlie Hermine Laure Djomkam Maza Kenmogne Ariane Sewald Norbert Wansi Duplex Vardamides Catherine -
Open Access Article
17 - The Role of Cognitive Emotion Regulation Strategies in Employee Barrier Stress among Imam Khomeini Hospital in Ardebil
kheyrollah SarbolandThe purpose of this study was to investigate the role of cognitive emotion regulation strategies in worker deterrent stress among employees of Imam Khomeini Hospital in Ardebil. The research method was a mixed type. Which was of a descriptive type in the qualitative sec MoreThe purpose of this study was to investigate the role of cognitive emotion regulation strategies in worker deterrent stress among employees of Imam Khomeini Hospital in Ardebil. The research method was a mixed type. Which was of a descriptive type in the qualitative section and surveying type in quantitative section The statistical population in the qualitative section was the experts in the field of psychology, academic elite and experts, and in the quantitative part it was the staff of Imam Khomeini Hospital in Ardebil. The sample size was 24 subjects in the qualitative section, and it was 217 in a random sampling method. The research instrument was interview in the qualitative section and in the quantitative part it was (Emotional regulation, Garanovsky et al., 2001), and occupational stress Osipo, 2007), Questionnaire. The validity of the quantitative tool (questionnaire) was a structural validity that was validated by confirmatory factor analysis and used to determine reliability Cronbach's alpha. Regarding the findings of the research in the qualitative section, a list of cognitive emotion regulation strategies including were identified. The findings also showed that among 9 hypotheses, negative strategies for cognitive emotion regulation such as self-blame, blame for others, mental rumination, catastrophic hypothesis have a positive and significant effect, However, adaptive emotional cognitive regulation strategies such as acceptance, re-attention to planning, positive re-focusing, positive re-evaluation, minor significance have a negative and meaningful effect on inhibitory stress. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - Existence of Excitatory and Inhibitory Oscillators in The Small World Network and Its Dynamic Effect on Network Synchronization
Tayebeh Nikfard Ravindra Kumarsynchronization was investigated in Watts-Strogats small world network with inhibited and excitable oscillators. According to the Kuramoto model in the small world network, with the increase in the limited number of inhibited oscillators, the synchronization in the syst Moresynchronization was investigated in Watts-Strogats small world network with inhibited and excitable oscillators. According to the Kuramoto model in the small world network, with the increase in the limited number of inhibited oscillators, the synchronization in the system will be accompanied by network defects, and with their increase, the synchronization will also increase, and after reaching its maximum value, it will begin to decrease. That is, with a certain ratio of inhibitory oscillators to excitation depending on the coupling strength, network synchronization is maximum. As the coupling strength of the oscillators increases, the interval of the number of inhibitions for which the network is in synchronization decreases. This result is not related to a specific small world network and has been observed by repeating it in different small world networks. Excitatory and inhibitory oscillators are in phase up to a certain percentage of inhibitory oscillators in the network (depending on the coupling strength). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - Alteration Viability of Breast Cancer Cell Lines in the Vicinity of an Inhibitor
Mazdak Jamshidi fatemeh Keshavarzi Sabrieh Amini Ali Qeisarzadeh Kambiz DavariInroduction & Objective: Breast carcinomas are very invasive tumors with poor prognosis that are more common in younger women (less than 50 years old). Although initially sensitive to chemotherapy, they are significantly more aggressive than other tumors of the mole MoreInroduction & Objective: Breast carcinomas are very invasive tumors with poor prognosis that are more common in younger women (less than 50 years old). Although initially sensitive to chemotherapy, they are significantly more aggressive than other tumors of the molecular subgroup. The aim of this study was to find a new treatment for these cancers. Materials and Methods: The basis of the method was the construction of an inhibitor of cell surface receptors, in the first stage. Then, the effects of this inhibitor on breast cancer cell lines were examined by the routine tests. Results: The results showed that at appropriate concentrations of inhibitor, the life of the respective cell lines is significantly altered. Conclusion: The present study showed that the use of these methods can pave the way for future treatments. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - Effect of juvenile hormone inhibitors on mature nymph of the sunn pest, Eurygaster integriceps Puton (Hemiptera: Scutelleridae), in vitro
F. Kafi Farashah R. Vafaei-Shoushtari H. Farazmand Gh. Golmohammadi E. SanatgarThe Sunn pest, Eurygaster integriceps Puton (Hemiptera: Scutelleridae), is one of the most important pest of wheat in Iran and some neighboring countries. The nymphs and adults cause sever quantitative and qualitative damage by feeding on leaves, stems and grains. Unfor MoreThe Sunn pest, Eurygaster integriceps Puton (Hemiptera: Scutelleridae), is one of the most important pest of wheat in Iran and some neighboring countries. The nymphs and adults cause sever quantitative and qualitative damage by feeding on leaves, stems and grains. Unfortunately, pesticide application is the main method of the sunn pest control, so finding the alternative methods are important. Precocene which is a juvenile hormone inhibitor, exerts cytotoxic effects on corpora allata of insects species, resulting necrosis of parenchymal cells, the source of juvenile hormone. At laboratory studies, precocene I and precocene II with different concentrations (0, 20, 25, 32, 40 and 50 μg) were applied topically to the thoracic surface of the fifth instar nymphs. The results showed that percent mortality increased with increasing concentrations of the hormones. The highest mortality (50%) was observed in concentration of 50 μg precocene II. Treated nymphs with precocene I and II led to appearing of deformed insects in fifth instar and adults. Also, the morphological abnormalities such as strong deformation of wings and hemelytron and persistence of old cuticles were observed. Increasing nymphal period was also resulted using precocenes Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - Investigating the antimicrobial activity of different extracts of neem plant on antibiotic resistant Escherichia coli
Reza rohani batool heydari saeide saeidiAbstract:Neem (Azadirachta indica) is known as a medicinal plant due to its antibacterial, antimalarial, antiviral and antifungal properties. The aim of this study is to investigate the antimicrobial activity of neem medicinal plant prepared with different solvents on a MoreAbstract:Neem (Azadirachta indica) is known as a medicinal plant due to its antibacterial, antimalarial, antiviral and antifungal properties. The aim of this study is to investigate the antimicrobial activity of neem medicinal plant prepared with different solvents on antibiotic resistant Escherichia coli.Materials and methods:Neem medicinal plant leaves were collected from Sistan and Baluchistan region, extracted in dry shade and using different solvents, and minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum lethal concentration were determined by microdilution method.Results:The results of this study showed that the lowest inhibitory concentration of ethanol extract of neem against Escherichia coli was 2.5 mg/ml, and 2 strains were inhibited at this concentration, while the highest inhibitory concentration was 10 mg/ml and 4 strains were inhibited in this concentration.The lowest inhibitory concentration of neem acetone extract is 0.62 mg/ml, and one strain is inhibited at this concentration, and the highest inhibitory concentration is 5 mg/ml, and 5 strains are inhibited at this concentration. While the lowest and highest inhibitory concentrations against Escherichia coli were 1.25 and 10 mg/ml, and 1 and 3 strains were inhibited at this concentration.The lowest inhibitory concentration of neem acetone extract is 0.62 mg/ml, and one strain is inhibited at this concentration, and the highest inhibitory concentration is 5 mg/ml, and 5 strains are inhibited at this concentrationDiscussion:The results showed that neem extract had a good inhibitory effect on Escherichia coli at low dilutions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - Antimicrobial Activity medical plant extracts, Prosopis farcta L. and Datura stramonium L., against Salmonella thyphimurium isolated from poultry in Zabol
mehdi jahantigh Maryam Beigomi Zaynab Mohkami saeide saeidiThe aim of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial activity of Prosopis farcta L. and Datura stramonium L. extracts on Salmonella thyphimurium isolated from poultry in Zabol. The P. farcta and D. stramonium were collected from Collection of medicinal plants, Ins MoreThe aim of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial activity of Prosopis farcta L. and Datura stramonium L. extracts on Salmonella thyphimurium isolated from poultry in Zabol. The P. farcta and D. stramonium were collected from Collection of medicinal plants, Institute of Agricultural Research at University of Zabol. Strains of Salmonella thyphimurium were isolated from poultry droppings. Antibiotic resistance pattern was determined by Kirby Bauer method. Finally, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericide concentration (MBC) were determined by microdilution method. The results of this study showed that the lowest inhibitory concentration of Datura extract against Salmonella typhimurium was 3.1 ppm; While the minimum inhibitory concentration for Prosopis extract was 6.5 ppm. Also, the minimum bactericidal concentration of Datura extract was 6.25 and Prosopis extract was 12.5. The results of this study showed that Datura extract was more effective in inhibiting Salmonella bacteria than Prosopis extract. Evaluation of Pearson correlation coefficient between total phenol content, total flavonoids and MIC, and MBC showed an inverse relationship between these parameters. So that the Datura extract, which contained higher total phenol, and total flavonoid, had lower MIC and MBC and therefore was more effective in inhibiting bacteria. The results of our experiments showed that Datura and Prosopis extracts have good antimicrobial effects and can be used to treat infections caused by Salmonella typhimurium in poultry. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - Investigation of Imidazole-Based corrosion inhibitor (PL-464) and corrosion behavior of X65 steel in Hydrochloric Acid
mehdi borougerdnia Abbas Rajabi Hydrochloric acid is used in many industries. One of its applications is for boilers’ acid cleaning and well acidizing in the oil and gas industry. For the reduction of HCl corrosion on metal parts and installations, corrosion inhibitors a More Hydrochloric acid is used in many industries. One of its applications is for boilers’ acid cleaning and well acidizing in the oil and gas industry. For the reduction of HCl corrosion on metal parts and installations, corrosion inhibitors are used. In this research, the effect of Imidazole-Based corrosion inhibitor PL-464 and the corrosion behavior of X65 steel in Hydrochloric Acid (HCl) is considered. Polarization and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) experiments without and with 50, 100, and 150 ppm of PL-464 corrosion inhibitor at 25, 40, and 60ºc in hydrochloric acid solution are done. The result of these experiments showed that PL-464 inhibits corrosion by surface adsorption mechanisms. As temperature increases, corrosion potential moves toward positive amounts, and inhibition efficiency decreases. Also, corrosion decreases as inhibitor concentration is increased. Weight loss experiment at 25, 60ºc without and with 50, 150 ppm inhibitor is done, which corrosion weight loss percent is decreased as inhibitor concentration is increased. SEM and EDAX analysis showed that the steel surface in solution without inhibitor is damaged and Fe picks are shorter with respect to steel in solution with inhibitor. The results are attributed to the adsorption of inhibitors onto the steel surfaces which protects the steel surface from dissolving in acid solution. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - Examining the challenges facing the citizen sports of Kurdistan province and presenting the promotion model
mehdi ezati Yusuf Jalali Navid MahtabThe purpose of this study was to examine the challenges facing the citizen sports of Kurdistan province and to present a promotion model. The current research was qualitative and of thematic analysis type. The statistical community of this research was made up of expert MoreThe purpose of this study was to examine the challenges facing the citizen sports of Kurdistan province and to present a promotion model. The current research was qualitative and of thematic analysis type. The statistical community of this research was made up of experts. Purposive sampling method was used for sampling and 17 experts were interviewed based on theoretical saturation. The findings of this study showed: the challenges of advancing citizen sports in Kurdistan province are the focus of a network of themes that include 3 overarching themes and 9 organizing themes (1) contextual challenges (undesirability of sports infrastructure, economic problems prevailing in the society, environmental threats), (2) structural challenges (non-integrated management of citizen sports, weak management and policy-making, weak index and codified statistical system, inappropriate urban governance) and (3) behavioral challenges (dominance of political views on sports, change in citizens' lifestyles). Also, the promotion of citizen sports in Kurdistan province is the center of a thematic network that includes 3 comprehensive themes and 8 organizing themes (1) contextual support (efficient and targeted incentives, increasing the quality and quantity of the province's sports infrastructure), (2) structural support (financial support, health-oriented : The focus of urban design is integration and unity of approach in citizenship sports and the establishment of a modern and codified statistical system) and (3) behavioral support (development of the general culture of sports and awareness of society and attention to citizenship sports in urban management) Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - The antifungal effect of several essential oils on Ascochyta rabiei, the causal agent of chickpea Ascochyta blight in vitro and greenhouse conditions
Mohammad Samari Mojdeh Maleki dariush shahriari Neda KheradpirOne of the greatest biotic stress reducing potential yield in chickpea is Ascochyta blight caused by Ascochyta rabiei Pass. (Labr.) which is distributed worldwide. Due to its severity and to decreasing the environmental biological impact of chemical control, research on MoreOne of the greatest biotic stress reducing potential yield in chickpea is Ascochyta blight caused by Ascochyta rabiei Pass. (Labr.) which is distributed worldwide. Due to its severity and to decreasing the environmental biological impact of chemical control, research on natural compounds like plant essential oils would be a helpful step in the disease management. In this study, the antifungal efficacy of essential oil of eight plants including thyme, savory, pennyroyal, mint, tarragon, fennel, cumin and ajwain at 5 concentrations in 3 replications under complete random design was evaluated. Characteristics like mycelial growth inhibition (MGI), inhibitory minimum concentration (IMC) and speed of colony growth after treatment were studied under laboratory condition. Pathogenicity index was studied under greenhouse condition by the selected plants through laboratory tests in comparison with the fungicide Rovral-TS and intact and infected controls. Result showed that at greenhouse, thyme and fennel showed the most inhibitory index in comparison with the rest six plants. Fennel showed the most effective MGI against Ascochyta blight at laboratory. The result of the present study show that thyme and fennel would be great options to be considered in the integrated management programs of chickpea Ascochyta blight. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - The inhibitory effect of Thymus vulgaris and Carum copticum essential oil on the growth of Rhizoctonia solani, the causal agent of potato stem canker in vitro and greenhouse conditions
Dariush Shahriari nazanin Alibeyk Tehrani mojdeh MalekiPotato is one of the most important food and economic crops in all over the world, Rhizoctonia solani, the causal agent of stem canker causes high loss of the product quality and quantity annually. In this study, the effects of two essential oils of Thyme and Carum, wer MorePotato is one of the most important food and economic crops in all over the world, Rhizoctonia solani, the causal agent of stem canker causes high loss of the product quality and quantity annually. In this study, the effects of two essential oils of Thyme and Carum, were investigated on the colony growth rate and inhibitory growth in concentrations of 100, 200, 300, 400 and 500 ppm on PDA medium. In vitro tests, essential oils of thyme and Carum in two concentrations of 0.5 and 0.75, the combination of thyme 0.25+ Carum 0.25 and Rovral-Ts fungicide at 1.5 at 1000 were evaluated in a completely randomized block design in four replications. The tubers substratum cultivated in soil contaminated by R. solani that planted in pots were inoculated by essential oils and fungicides. The disease severity data were recorded and scored six weeks after inoculation using Das scale. The results demonstrated that fungal growth rate under treatment by Thyme at 500 ppm (21.63 mm /day) and Carum (17.7 mm/day) and thyme + Carum (67.85) essences were more than 50 percent growth inhibitory. The results of disease severity index in greenhouse revealed that Thyme and Carum essences and Rovral-Ts fungicide respectively by 28.1, 35.92 and 17.17 percent were successful in disease control as well as the mean of fresh and dry weight of shoot area under Thyme treatment increased relatively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - The antifungal effect of some herbal essences on the causal agent of tomato and crown root rot, Phytophthora parasitica L. in vitro and greenhouse conditions
Zahra Ardestani Dariush Shahriari Mojdeh MalekiPhytophthora stem and root rot of tomato, Phytophthora parasitica L., is one of the most important soil-borne diseases of tomato. This disease has been spreading in greenhouses located in east-south of Tehran province (Varamin) through the last decade. The disease contr MorePhytophthora stem and root rot of tomato, Phytophthora parasitica L., is one of the most important soil-borne diseases of tomato. This disease has been spreading in greenhouses located in east-south of Tehran province (Varamin) through the last decade. The disease control by fungicides has not been successful; In spite of success of biological control or using resistant varieties to reduce disease, it seems that studying and application of natural compounds especially plant essences including a wide range of secondary metabolites can not only reduce disease but also it has beneficial effects on the environment. In this case study, efficacy of eight plants including thyme, cumin, savory, pennyroyal, mint, tarragon, ajwain and fennel with Ridomil-mancozeb fungicide as control were evaluated on colony growth rate and inhibitory growth of causal agent in five concentrations of 60,120,180, 240 and 300 ppm on PDA medium based on completely randomized block design in vitro conditions. Greenhouse experiments were carried out with ten treatments including successful essences of thyme, pennyroyal and fennel at 0.2 and 0.3 with Ridomil-mancozeb fungicide at 1 and 1.5 ppm and check and control infected with P. parasitica in completely randomized block design in four replications. Essences and fungicide were added into root substrate of tomato seedlings in two leaves stage. Recording disease severity percentage was performed according to Quesada-Ocampo and Hausbeck scale, four weeks after inoculation. Essences with highest inhibitory growth percentage in laboratory were respectively thyme (79.28%), pennyroyal (72.85%), cumin (69.95%), mint (60.70%), tarragon (60.70%) and ajwain (60%) and thyme and pennyroyal essence by concentration of 180 ppm showed minimum inhibitory concentration, EC50 of mycelial growth. Results of variance analysis in greenhouse demonstrated that all treatments were significantly different at 1% confidence level. Mean comparisons by Duncan multiple range test showed that thyme essence respectively with disease severity index of 1.65 and 1.31 were classified statistically in e, d that were the closest index with fungicide treatments of Ridomil-mancozeb and cheek (18% DSI) and it has been proved the best efficacy on disease reduction. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - In silico study to Identify New Inhibitors of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) Sortase A
hassan sahebjamee Mehr Ali Mahmood JanlouIntroduction: Inhibition of key enzymes in bacteria that exert low evolutionary pressure can be a drug development strategy for bacterial antibiotic resistance. Sortase A (Srt A) is a transpeptidase that is widely used in site-specific protein modification. This enzyme MoreIntroduction: Inhibition of key enzymes in bacteria that exert low evolutionary pressure can be a drug development strategy for bacterial antibiotic resistance. Sortase A (Srt A) is a transpeptidase that is widely used in site-specific protein modification. This enzyme has a key function in the interactions between Staphylococcus aureus and the host and has been considered a promising target for the drug development of resistant bacteria. To date, some Srt A inhibitors have been discovered most of them are derived from flavonoid compounds, like myricetin. Aim: Since computational methods for monitoring the behavior of biomolecules at the microscopic level are more accurate and cost-effective, therefore, in this research, our goal is to use computational methods to find similar molecules but with higher binding and inhibitory effect than myricetin. Materials and Methods: In this study, we used computational methods such as structure-based virtual screening, molecular docking, MM-PBSA approach, and MD simulation. A molecular docking approach was used to understand protein-ligand interactions and inhibition constants in terms of affinity. MD simulation technique was used to monitor the conformational changes of Srt A enzyme. After the MD simulation studies, the MM-PBSA approach was used to interpret the binding free energy. Results: First, Chemspider's chemical library was screened by the "Similarity search" method, in which myricetin was placed as a reference molecule. The second stage of screening was done using PyRx software, so that the top 10 compounds were carefully selected based on their inhibitory potential from the set of ligands obtained from the previous stage. These compounds were subjected to Autodock4.2 for molecular docking. As a result, it was observed that compound-73945561 has a higher inhibitory effect than myrsteine. To investigate the stability and efficiency of ligand binding mode, free Srt A, its complexes with myrsteine and the best selected compound were subjected to 50s molecular dynamics simulation. MD simulation results showed that compound-73945561 had better binding profiles and interactions than myrsteine as a reference inhibitor, and steadily unstable behavior was observed in the docking complex. Conclusion: Overall, compound-73945561 may serve as a new inhibitor or provide a scaffold for further optimization toward the design of more potent SortA inhibitors. The development of such inhibitors would be an essential strategy against resistant bacteria. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
29 - Inhibitory effect of Carum copticum, Rosa damascene mill, Anethum graveolens and Cuminum cyminum essential oils on some food-borne microbes
T. Abedi N. Asefi S. Hanifian S. DehghanDue to the increasing need to gain knowledge about the inhibitory effects of plants, in this study, the antimicrobial effects of Carum copticum, Rosa damascene, Anethum graveolens and Cuminum cyminum essential oils on some bacteria and yeast were investigated. The essen MoreDue to the increasing need to gain knowledge about the inhibitory effects of plants, in this study, the antimicrobial effects of Carum copticum, Rosa damascene, Anethum graveolens and Cuminum cyminum essential oils on some bacteria and yeast were investigated. The essential oils were extracted using a Clevenger apparatus and their compounds were determined by gas chromatography equipped with a mass spectrometer. Also, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the essential oils were determined and their antimicrobial properties were compared by well-diffusion method. MIC results of Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus showed that Cuminum cyminum essential oil with 50 µg/ml had the lowest bactericidal effect. The essential oils of Carum copticum, Anethum graveolens and Rosa damascene had the highest bactericidal effect with 0.78 μg/ml on the studied bacteria. In the case of Escherichia coli, the highest antimicrobial effect was shown by Carum copticum essential oil at 6.25 μg/ml. Rosa damascene essential oil, with a concentration of 3.12 μg/ml, had the highest antifungal properties on Candida albicans. In the case of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the most antifungal effect was provided by Rosa damascene and Cuminum cyminum essential oils with 0.78 μg/ml. The antibacterial effect of Carum copticum essential oil was higher than the other three essential oils. In the case of yeasts, Rosa damascene and Cuminum cyminum essential oils had the most antifungal effect. According to the results, Carum copticum essential oil in controlling bacteria and Rosa damascene essential oil in controlling studied yeasts are recommended. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
30 - Antifungal activity of lactic acid bacteria isolated from Masske, camel dough, and local yogurt against Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus niger
A. Nasrollahzadeh M. Khomeiri A. Sadeghi M. Mahmoudi M. EbrahimiIn animal and food products, different types of chemical preservatives and antibiotics are used to inhibit the growth of Aspergillus flavus and other toxicogenic fungi. The aim of this study was to investigate the antifungal activity of Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated fro MoreIn animal and food products, different types of chemical preservatives and antibiotics are used to inhibit the growth of Aspergillus flavus and other toxicogenic fungi. The aim of this study was to investigate the antifungal activity of Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from Masske, Chal, and local yogurt against Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus niger. For this purpose, isolates previously tested for antibacterial effects were used. The isolates of Lactobacillus plantarum B38, Enterococcus faecium 8C and Lactobacillus ramonosus Y89 with the highest inhibitory effect on pathogenic bacteria were selected and their antifungal effects against toxin-producing molds were evaluated using the overlay method. The results showed that lactic acid isolates at the end of the fourth day prevented the growth of Aspergillus niger and Enterococcus faecium, Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Lactobacillus plantarum showed 70.84%, 37.65% and 43.31% of inhibitory activity, respectively. The results also showed that Lactobacillus rhamnosus had the highest (62.35%) inhibitory effect on Aspergillus niger (p < 0.05). The results of the study on the effect of lactic acid isolates on the growth of Aspergillus flavus showed that all tested bacteria had inhibitory properties on the molds and Lactobacillus rhamnosus with 83.8% had the highest inhibitory effect on Aspergillus flavus (p < 0.05). Consequently, due to the inhibitory ability of the lactic acid bacteria, they can be used as bio-preservatives along with synthetic preservatives in the food industry. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
31 - Antibacterial effects of castor oil on foodborne pathogens: comparative evaluation of the components
samaneh hatami masud Yavarmanesh, M. Ali Hatami, S.For centuries, antimicrobial compounds derived from plants, have been used for medicinal treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial activity of castor seed oil extracted from Mashhad and Isfahan varieties on Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia col MoreFor centuries, antimicrobial compounds derived from plants, have been used for medicinal treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial activity of castor seed oil extracted from Mashhad and Isfahan varieties on Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Listeria inocula. The sensitivity of the indicator bacteria was evaluated using disc diffusion technique and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were tested by broth micro-dilution assays. Oil from castor seeds was extract by Soxhlet method and the extracted oils were analyzed by a gas chromatograph connected to a mass spectrometer (GC/MS). According to the results of various dilutions of the extracts, MIC for castor oils ranged 12.5-25%, except for the Isfahan variety that was estimated at 6.25-12.5% for E. coli. The two varieties of castor oils showed the MBC activity on the indicator organisms at the original (100%) concentration. Based on GC/MS data, ricinoleic acid (1.307%), genetistic acid (0.597%) and palmitic acid (1.947%) were detected in oil extracted from Isfahan variety; meanwhile these compounds did not found in Mashhad variety. According to the results, the two castor varieties had antibacterial impact on E. coli. In addition, the overall antimicrobial activity of Isfahan variety was higher than Mashhad type. It seems that the presence of phenolic compounds as well as camphoric and unsaturated fatty acids is the major reason for the higher antibacterial effect of Isfahan variety on E. coli. Considering the inhibitory impact of castor oil, it can be used as a natural preservative in food industry. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
32 - Comparison of antibacterial activity of four cultivars of olive (Olea europaea) leaf extract on Bacillus cereus
مریم Abbasvali محمود Esmaeili Koutamehr حمدالله Moshtaghi M.H EskandariIn recent years, plant extracts have been used as antimicrobial agents. One of these extracts is olive leaf extract, which has antimicrobial properties due to its phenolic compounds. In current study the leaf extract of four olive (Olea europaea) cultivars (Shiraz, Zard MoreIn recent years, plant extracts have been used as antimicrobial agents. One of these extracts is olive leaf extract, which has antimicrobial properties due to its phenolic compounds. In current study the leaf extract of four olive (Olea europaea) cultivars (Shiraz, Zard, Roghani and Dezfool) was extracted by different solvents (acetone, methanol and ethanol) using microwave-assisted extraction method. Then the antibacterial activity of the extracts was assessed on Bacillus cereus. The antibacterial activity of the extracts was determined using the standard and micro broth-dilution methods. All experiments were carried out in triplicate. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of eleven extracts was estimated as 20 mg/ml, and only MIC of the methanolic extract of Roghani cultivar was 10 mg/ml. Bacterial growth curve of B. cereus in the presence of olive leaf extracts was drawn after 24 h incubation at 37 °C and the mean percentage of growth inhibition of each extract was measured after 24 hours. The results showed that in comparison with the other cultivars, the methanolic extract of Roghani cultivar with the percentage of growth inhibition of 91.3% and 87.8% (in the concentrations of 10 and 20 mg/ml, respectively), demonstrated stronger antibacterial effect on B. cereus. This study indicated that olive leaf extract from inexpensive agricultural waste might be a valuable bioactive source with antibacterial activity, and seem to be applicable as a safe food additive. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
33 - Antimicrobial Effect of aqueous extract of saffron petals on some of food-borne bacterial pathogen
لیلا Azami علیرضا Babapour میثم GarechahiEver-increasing public debates over the adverse effects that may result from exposure to the chemical preservatives have enhanced the interests for the consuming of preservative-free foods or at least the product containing natural preservatives. In this laboratory expe MoreEver-increasing public debates over the adverse effects that may result from exposure to the chemical preservatives have enhanced the interests for the consuming of preservative-free foods or at least the product containing natural preservatives. In this laboratory experiment, the antimicrobial effect of aqueous extracts of Saffron petals against Salmonella typhimurium, Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus were investigated using the disk diffusion method. Moreover, the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of the extract was assessed by agar dilution and broth microdilution method. According to the results, S. typhimurium was found asthe most sensitive, while, S. aureus and E. coli O157:H7asthe most resistant species. MICs of the extract by microdilution method were estimated at 40 mg/ml for all of the 4 bacterial species. The results also revealed that the extract of Saffron petals could be used as a natural preservative against the aforementioned bacteria. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
34 - Antibacterial and antibiofilm effects of Shirazi thyme (Zataria multifora) essential oil on Salmonella isolates from poultry and humans using the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration method
zeynal zeynali Jalal Shayegh Shahin TofangdarzadehPlant essential oils are complex compounds of different chemical components with different amounts. These substances are one of the potential sources of antibacterial compounds and are very effective and useful for this purpose. The aim of this study was to investigate MorePlant essential oils are complex compounds of different chemical components with different amounts. These substances are one of the potential sources of antibacterial compounds and are very effective and useful for this purpose. The aim of this study was to investigate the antibacterial effect of Zataria multiflora essential oil on Salmonella isolated from poultry and humans using the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) method. Steam distillation was used to extract the essential oil, and then the composition of the essential oil was determined using the Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (Gc-Ms) method. Broth microdilution method was used to determine the MIC of Zataria multiflora essential oil. Also, ELISA was used to investigate the anti-biofilm effect of Zataria multiflora essential oil. Based on the results obtained in the present study, it was shown that more than 64.9% of essential oil consists of three substances: thymol, caracol, and linanol which make up46.62%, 13.85%, and 8.95% of the essential oil repectively. It was found that the MIC level For Zataria multiflora essential oil was in the range of 0.39-12.5 mg/ml in Salmonella isolates. Also, based on the results obtained in this study, the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of applied essential oil in Salmonella isolates was in the range of 1.56-12.5 mg/ml. The placement of Salmonella bacteria isolates alongside essential oil at a possible level of 1% significantly (p<0.001) decreased biofilm production. Overall, the results of this research showed that Shirazi thyme essential oil has significant antibacterial effects and reduced biofilm production of Salmonella bacteria isolates by a significant percentage. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
35 - Study on the effect of aromatase inhibitors and antiestrogens on the sex differentiation of broiler chicks
E.A Valizadeh حسین JodeiriDuring the development of chick embryo, the genotype of the zygote determines the nature of the gonads, which thereafter creates the male or female phenotype. Differentiation of gonads during the period called “critical period for sexual differentiation “is MoreDuring the development of chick embryo, the genotype of the zygote determines the nature of the gonads, which thereafter creates the male or female phenotype. Differentiation of gonads during the period called “critical period for sexual differentiation “is accompanied with beginning of secretion of sexual hormones. Every change in the rate of steroidal hormones concentration during this critical period, affects on the structure of gonads. Therefore, injection of aromatase inhibitors (which blocks the synthesis of estrogen from testostron) in 5th day of incubation into the eggs, causes the production of males with female genotype. These sex reversal females have bilateral testes with complete spermatogenesis, having normal physical appearance and behavior. In this study, 14-α-hydroxy 3,6,17, androstan-trion inhibitor (1mg/egg) was injected into the eggs. Furthermore, the effect of three anti-estrogens (which blocks the estrogen receptor) Tamoxifen, and Clomiphen Citrate and GAR79 were studied. Injection of aromatase inhibitors into the eggs during incubation period caused statistically significant (p<0.05) increase in production of males (%72 to %84) in comparison with control (%52/5 male). The results of this study showed that aromatase inhibitors affects on the sex differentiation of broiler chicks. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
36 - Inhibitive Assessment of N-(8-bromo-3H-phenoxazin-3-ylidene)-N,N’-Dimethylaminium, as a Novel Corrosion Inhibitor for Mild Steel in 1.0 M HCl
Mansoor Bozorg Taghi Shahrabi Farahani Ghodsi Mohammadi Ziarani Jaber Neshati Zahra Chaghazardi Parisa Gholamzadeh Fatemeh Ektefa -
Open Access Article
37 - Evaluation effect of Cycocel foliar application on active substance and some physicochemical characteristics of Cannabis sativa
ali salehi sardoei Hamideh Azad Ghojehbiglou Saeed Fattahi Siah Kamri Iraj KhazaeiCannabis sativa L. is an ancient crop with medicinal and industrial applications that is cultivated to use its fibers and is also an effective painkiller. Cannabinoids are terpenophenolic compounds that have only been identified in cannabis genus. In the present study, MoreCannabis sativa L. is an ancient crop with medicinal and industrial applications that is cultivated to use its fibers and is also an effective painkiller. Cannabinoids are terpenophenolic compounds that have only been identified in cannabis genus. In the present study, the effect of cycocel on the amount of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the main cannabinoid of cannabis plant, in both male and female cannabis plants was evaluated as a factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with three replications at greenhouse of Bahonar university of Kerman. The main factors included both genders of cannabis plant, male and female and different concentrations of cycocel (0, 500, 1000 and 1500 mg/l). THC was measured by liquid chromatography and UPLC, and total soluble proteins, total soluble sugars and malondialdehyde were analyzed using a spectrophotometer. The results were showed that with increasing cycocel concentration to 500 mg / l, the amount of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in the leaves and flowers of the female cannabis significantly increased. Comparing the interaction of genders and cycocel, it was found that the active ingredient of leaves in the female plants had a higher increase than the male plants up to a concentration of 1000 mg/l. The results also demonstrated that concentration of 1000 mg/l had the highest protein content in compare to other treatments in both male and female plants. The content in male gender was higher than the female base up to 1000 mg /l, but at the concentration of 1500 mg/l the female base was better. The lowest quantities of malondialdehyde and other aldehydes was observed in both genders treated with 1000 mg /l cycocel. Overall cycocel concentrations in compare to the control increased the soluble carbohydrates and reducing sugars. According to the obtained results, to achieve the maximum active ingredient of THC, application of 1000 mg/l cycocel in female gender is recommended. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
38 - Evaluation of Microbial, Antioxidant, Proteolytic Degree and ACE Inhibitory Properties of Yogurt Produced By Adjunct Cultures Isolated From Traditional Iranian Yogurts
Mahsa Soltani Mohammad B. Habibi Najafi Reza Hajimohammadi FarimaniSeveral factors are considered during production of yogurt, among which selecting the accurate starter and or adjunct culture is one of the most important factors. This study was aimed to measure the degree of proteolysis, ACE-inhibitory, microbial and antioxidant activ MoreSeveral factors are considered during production of yogurt, among which selecting the accurate starter and or adjunct culture is one of the most important factors. This study was aimed to measure the degree of proteolysis, ACE-inhibitory, microbial and antioxidant activity of yogurt produced by a commercial starter supplemented with native co-cultures isolated from traditional yogurts during a 20-days of storage. All treatments were also compared with the commercial culture as control. Initially, five strains of Lactobacillus lactis, two strains of Lactobacillus helveticus, one strain of Lactobacillus delbrueckii, one strain of Pedicucus pentosaseus and one strain of Vissella sibaria used to inoculate into 40 yogurt samples in a completely randomized factorial design with two replications. The samples were kept at 5 ˚C for 20 days and investigated for their physicochemical properties (pH and acidity), degree of proteolysis, ACE-inhibitory, microbial antioxidant activity. The results of statistical analyses showed that application of native co-cultures was significantly increased the degree of proteolysis, ACE-inhibitory, and antioxidant activity of the samples. Our findings showed that, yogurt inoculated with the native strains of Lactobacillus lactis had the highest scores for ACE-inhibitory and antioxidant activity. In all co-cultures, ACE-inhibitory (47%) and antioxidant activity (58%) exhibited a positive correlation with proteolysis. Our results show that co-cultures greatly affect the ACE-inhibitory and antioxidant activity, which can be used in the production of functional food stuffs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
39 - Antimicrobial activity of aqueous, alcoholic and buffer extracts of honey-bee propolis on oral-intestinal bacteria
Mahnoush Aboutorab Mohammad Goli Elham KhosraviPropolis plays an antibacterial, anti-fungal, anti-parasitic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-caries role due to its plant-derived compounds such as polyphenols and proteins such as 10-HDA. It has long been a therapeutic role for diseases, especially infections. In MorePropolis plays an antibacterial, anti-fungal, anti-parasitic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-caries role due to its plant-derived compounds such as polyphenols and proteins such as 10-HDA. It has long been a therapeutic role for diseases, especially infections. In this study antimicrobial activity of alcoholic, aqueous and buffer extract of propolis, on oral bacteria including Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, and gastro-intestinal bacteria including Streptococcus salivarius and Escherichia coli measured using micro broth dilution test for assessing of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and disk diffusion test for assessing of diameter of inhibition zone. The MIC did not differ significantly between the three alcoholic, aqueous and buffer extracts, i.e., the effect of the solvents on the solubility of the antibacterial compounds was approximately the same (P > 0.05). The most resistant gram-positive bacterium to alcoholic and buffer extract, Streptococcus mutans and the most resistant to all extracts, Escherichia coli, were reported. There was no significant difference between the bacterial resistance in the aqueous extract of propolis (P> 0.05). In the disk diffusion test, increasing the concentration of extracts had a significant effect on the bacterial killing rate and was identified as the most susceptible bacterium to the extracts Staphylococcus epidermidis and the most resistant bacterium Staphylococcus aureus. The bacteria were also more sensitive to buffer extract. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
40 - بررسی فعالیتهای آنتی اکسیدانی و مهارکنندگی تیروزیناز برخی گیاهان دارویی منتخب نپال
سومان گیری منوج پاندیت سنگیتا ادیکاری پاریدی کوار سادیشیا پودل سام بهادر سورش جیوال شیلا گورنگBackground & Aim:Phytochemicals are naturally occurring chemical compounds present in plants. It includes glycosides, alkaloids, tannins, saponins, phenols, flavonoids, carbohydrates, etc. Among them, some of them possess antioxidant property, which is responsible f MoreBackground & Aim:Phytochemicals are naturally occurring chemical compounds present in plants. It includes glycosides, alkaloids, tannins, saponins, phenols, flavonoids, carbohydrates, etc. Among them, some of them possess antioxidant property, which is responsible for regulation of free radicals in the body and tyrosinase inhibitory activity that results in the reduction in melanin synthesis. In addition, phytochemicals provide different health benefits to humans. Thus, the aim of the study was to determine antioxidant and tyrosinase inhibitory activities of some selected medicinal plants of Nepal. Experimental: Phytochemical screening of methanolic extracts of test samples was performed with various reagents and the phenol and flavonoid contents were also determined. Antioxidant activity was carried out by DPPH free radical scavenging method and tyrosinase inhibitory activity was performed by mushroom tyrosinase inhibitory method. The presence of phytochemicals was confirmed by the visual color change upon addition of test reagents. The higher phenol and flavonoid contents among the selected plants were found to have better antioxidant and tyrosinase inhibitory activities. Results: Among the selected plants, Diploknema butyraceae had the highest phenol content (665.33 ± 0.0 mg GAE/g dry extract weight) and flavonoid content (728 ± 0.3 mg quercetin/g dry extract weight) and showed similar DPPH free radical scavenging activity (IC50 value 6.012 μg/ml) to standard ascorbic acid (IC50 value 4.73 μg/ml). In addition to this, mushroom tyrosinase inhibition was also found highest in the same plant (31.07 ± 2.13 %) followed by Jatropha curcas (17.51± 0.49 %), Woodfordia fruticosa (16.95 ± 2.24 %) and least in Crateva unilocularis (1.41 ± 2.13%). Recommended applications/industries: The results above showed some probability of Diploknema butyraceae with potential tyrosinase inhibitory property. Therefore, further studies should be focused on isolation of active constituents responsible for tyrosinase inhibitory activity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
41 - مطالعه اثر مقایسه ای عصاره اکالیپتوس بر روی کاندیدا آلبیکنس و باکتری های بیمارگر انسانی
زهرا دهباشی فروغ فرقانی سید کاظم صباغ سعیده سعیدی مقدمه و هدف: در طی سالیان اخیر، بیماریهای عفونی ناشی از قارچهای فرصت طلب مانند Candida albicans و افزایش مقاومت باکتریهای بیماریای انسانی به آنتی بیوتیک های رایج منجر به بروز مشکلات زیادی در ارتباط با درمان این بیماری ها شده است. هدف از مطالعه حاضر بررسی اثرات ضد More مقدمه و هدف: در طی سالیان اخیر، بیماریهای عفونی ناشی از قارچهای فرصت طلب مانند Candida albicans و افزایش مقاومت باکتریهای بیماریای انسانی به آنتی بیوتیک های رایج منجر به بروز مشکلات زیادی در ارتباط با درمان این بیماری ها شده است. هدف از مطالعه حاضر بررسی اثرات ضد قارچی و باکتریایی عصاره گیاه اکالیپتوس بر علیه جدایه های Candida albicans جدا شده از نمونه های کلینیکی و تعدادی از جدایه های استاندارد از باکتری های بیماری زای انسانی بود. روش تحقیق: عصاره اکایپتوس با استفاده از از دستگاه روتاری و روش خیساندن تهیه گردید. تعداد 30 جدایه از Candida albicans از بیماران مراجعه کننده به متخصص زنان و زایمان جدا شده و پس از خالص سازی به وسیله کلید های معتبر شناسایی شدند. در نهایت تعداد 30 جدایه برای بررسی اثر بازدارندگی رشد عصاره مورد استفاده قرار گرفتند. حداقل غلظت کشندگی و حداقل غلظت بازدارندگی عصاره اکالیپتوس علیه 5 سویه استاندارد باکتریایی شامل Staphylococcus aureu, Shigella dysenteriae, Listeria monocytogenes, Vibrio cholera and Bacillus cereusبا روش موردارزیابی قرار گرفت. نتایج و بحث: نتایج ما نشان داد که در مقایسه با سویه های باکتریایی، جدایه های قرچی حساسیت بیشتری را نسبت به عصاره اکالیپتوس دارا می باشد. بیشترین و کمترین اثر کشندگی عصاره به ترتیب برای غلظت های 12.5 و 3.1 پی پی ام و علیه S. aureus و B. cereusثبت گردید. ماندد اثر کشندگی، بیشترین اثر بازدارندگی (20 پی پی ام) و کمترین اثر بازدارندگی (5پی پی ام) علیه S. aureus و B. cereusثبت گردید. حداقل غلظت کشندگی عصاره برای جلوگیری از رشد قارچی در غلظت 50 پی پی ام ثبت در حالی که بیشترین غلظت برای اثر بازدارندگی 150 پی پی ام ثبت گردید. توصیه های کاربردی/ صنعتی: نتایج این مطالعه نشان داد که غلظت بالای اکالیپتوس قادر به بازدارندگی رشد قارچ Candida albicansمی باشد و در نتیجه مطالعات بیشتری در جهت آنالیز ترکیبات موثر در عصاره این گیاه می تواند انجام شود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
42 - خاصیت ضدباکتریایی اسانس های گیاهان دارویی آویشن، انیسون و پونه علیه اروینیا کاروتوورا
مهرداد جعفرپور احمدرضا گل پرور امین لطفیBackground & Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the bactericidal effect of three medicinal plant species, including Thymus vulgaris, Trachyspermum ammi, and Mentha aquatica on Erwinia carotovora growth. Experimental: This research was done in a factoria MoreBackground & Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the bactericidal effect of three medicinal plant species, including Thymus vulgaris, Trachyspermum ammi, and Mentha aquatica on Erwinia carotovora growth. Experimental: This research was done in a factorial to completely randomized design with three concentrations, and three replicates on nutrient agar culture medium. Results &Discussion: Results of this study indicated that the essential oils from the studied plants were effective against Erwinia carotovora. At 300 ppm concentration, diameter of growth inhabitation was 43 mm. Results indicated the essential oil from T. ammi, especially at 300 and 400 ppm concentrations had the highest antibacterial activity against Erwinia carotovora with 43.00 and 46.67 mm diameter of growth inhabitation. In addition, there was no significant difference between 300 and 400 ppm concentrations of M. aquatica and at concentrations of 200, 300, and 400 ppm for T. vulgaris. Recommended applications/industries: The overall results indicated the essential oils, especially Trachyspermum ammi have antibacterial activity against Erwinia carotovora; it seems that the essential oils can be employed in manufacturing desirable bactericidal agents. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
43 - بررسی عصاره آبی و اتانولی زرشک معمولی بر باکتری های گرم منفی مقاوم به چند آنتی بیوتیک (MDR)
زهرا عطائی کچوئی سیما یحیی آبادی منیر دودیمقدمه و هدف:در سال های اخیر بدلیل مصرف بی رویه غیر منطقی داروهای مصنوعی میزان مقاومت دارویی میکروارگانیسم های بیماری زا در حال افزایش است و نیاز به ترکیبات جدید می باشد. هدف از این مطالعه بررسی اثر عصاره آبی و اتانولی میوه زرشک معمولی بر روی هفت گونه باکتری بیماری Moreمقدمه و هدف:در سال های اخیر بدلیل مصرف بی رویه غیر منطقی داروهای مصنوعی میزان مقاومت دارویی میکروارگانیسم های بیماری زا در حال افزایش است و نیاز به ترکیبات جدید می باشد. هدف از این مطالعه بررسی اثر عصاره آبی و اتانولی میوه زرشک معمولی بر روی هفت گونه باکتری بیماری زای گرم منفی مقاوم به چند داروی شایع در محیط آزمایشگاه بود.این مطالعه بر روی 100 نمونه از سویه های باکتریایی اشریشیا کلای، کلبسیلا پنومونیه،, پروتئوس میرابیلیس، سیتروباکتر فروندی، انتروباکتر آئروژنز، سودوموناس آئروژینوزاو اسینتوباکتر بومانی که همگی مقاوم به چند دارو (MDR) بوده و از آزمایشگاه تشخیص طبی وحید زرین شهر و بیمارستان های شریعتی،صدوقی و غرضی شهر اصفهان جداسازی شده بودند و هم چنین بر روی سویه های استاندارد این باکتری ها تهیه شده از سازمان پژوهش های علمی و صنعتی ایران انجام گرفت. روش تحقیق:میوه زرشک معمولی از مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان اصفهان تهیه گردید. عصاره آبی و اتانولی به روش خیساندن تهیه گردید. بعد از تعیین هویت باکتری ها، مقاومت آنتی بیوتیکی آن ها با روش انتشار دیسک تعیین گردید. بررسی اثر ضد باکتریایی عصاره آبی و اتانولی میوه زرشک معمولی بر روی رشد باکتری های مقاوم به چند دارو با روش انتشار چاهک در چهار غلظت 50 100 400و800 میلی گرم بر میلی لیتر بررسی شد. هم چنین حداقل غلظت مهار کنندگی و حداقل غلظت کشندگی این عصاره ها روی باکتری ها به روش ماکرو دایلوشن صورت گرفت. داده های جمع آوری شده با استفاده از نرم افزار SPSS و آزمون آماری کراسکال والیس و من ویتنی تجزیه و تحلیل شدند. نتایج و بحث:در وش انتشار چاهک عصاره اتانولی و آبی میوه زرشک معمولی اثر مهارکنندگی قابل ملاحظه ای بر روی رشد ایزوله ها نشان داد. همچنین عصاره اتانولی و آبی میوه زرشک معمولی اثر مهارکنندگی بر روی سویه های استاندارد این باکتری ها داشت.نتایج نشان دهنده ی اثر بسیار عالی عصاره اتانولی زرشک در غلظت 800 میلی گرم بر میلی لیتر بر تمام سویه های باکتریایی بود. قابل قبول ترین غلظت مهارکنندگی رشد و حداقل غلظت کشندگی عصاره آبی و اتانولی میوه زرشک برای باکتری ها به ترتیب 50 و 100 میلی گرم بر میلی لیتر گزارش شد. توصیه کاربردی/ صنعتی:نتایج این مطالعه نشان داد که عصاره آبی و اتانولی میوه زرشک معمولی بر روی باکتری های مقاوم چند دارو(MDR) اثر ضد باکتریایی دارد و استفاده از آن به عنوان جایگزین آنتی بیوتیک پس از بررسی های بیشتر جهت درمان توصیه می شود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
44 - بررسی فعالیت ضد میکروبی اسانس آویشن شیرازی بر روی اسینتو باکتر بومانی جدا شده از نمونه های بالینی
خدیجه رضایی کیخواهی غلامرضا باقری مهدی حسن شاهیان سعیده سعیدیمقدمه و هدف: هدف از این مطالعه بررسی فعالیت ضد میکروبی اسانس آویشن شیرازی بر روی اسینتو باکتر بومانی جدا شده از نمونه های بالینی است. روش تحقیق: دوازده سویه اسینتو باکتر بومانی از بیمارستان های شهرستان زابل جداسازی شد. اسانس آویشن شیرازی با استفاده از دستگاه کلونجر بدس Moreمقدمه و هدف: هدف از این مطالعه بررسی فعالیت ضد میکروبی اسانس آویشن شیرازی بر روی اسینتو باکتر بومانی جدا شده از نمونه های بالینی است. روش تحقیق: دوازده سویه اسینتو باکتر بومانی از بیمارستان های شهرستان زابل جداسازی شد. اسانس آویشن شیرازی با استفاده از دستگاه کلونجر بدست آمد، در نهایت حداقل غلظت مهار کنندگی و حداقل غلظت کشندگی اسانس در برابر باکتریهای ذکرشده با روش میکرودایلوشن تعیین گردید. نتایج و بحث: نتایج حاصل از این مطالعه نشان داد که کمترین غلظت مهار کنندگی در برابر باکتری ها برابر با 31/0 میلی گرم بر میلی لیتر است و تنها یک سویه از باکتری در این غلظت مهار شده است. بیشترین غلظت مهار کننندگی برابر با 10 میلی گرم بر میلی لیتر بوده و یک سویه نیز در این غلظت مهار شده است. توصیه کاربردی و صنعتی: نتایج نشان داد که اسانس با افزایش غلظت اثرات ضد میکروبی آن افزایش پیدا می کند، اسانس آویشن فعالیت ضد میکروبی خوبی حتی در غلظت های پایین از خود نشان داد. با کاربرد اسانس آویشن شیرازی علیه باکتری های بیماریزا می توان به یک ماده ضد میکروبی خوب بدون اثر جانبی دست پیدا کرد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
45 - اثر تزریق درون تخم مرغی مهارکننده های آروماتاز بر بازدهی تولیدی جوجه های
ت. مکرمی ب. نویدشاد ن. هدایت ایوریق ف. میرزائی آقجه قشلاقتغییر نسبت­های جنسی جوجه­ های گوشتی دارای مزایای اقتصادی زیادی در صنعت طیور است. گنادها در جنین جوجه در مراحل اولیه قابلیت تبدیل به هر دو جنس (نر و ماده) را دار هستند. تمایز جنسی به دلیل بیان آروماتاز در گناد چپ در روزهای 6-5 دوره جنینی و تولید استروژن از تستستر Moreتغییر نسبت­های جنسی جوجه­ های گوشتی دارای مزایای اقتصادی زیادی در صنعت طیور است. گنادها در جنین جوجه در مراحل اولیه قابلیت تبدیل به هر دو جنس (نر و ماده) را دار هستند. تمایز جنسی به دلیل بیان آروماتاز در گناد چپ در روزهای 6-5 دوره جنینی و تولید استروژن از تستسترون انجام می­گیرد. مصرف مهارکننده ­های آروماتاز مانع سنتز استروژن در پرنده­ های ماده با ژنوتیپ ماده و تولید نرهایی با ژنوتیپ ماده می­ شود. در این مطالعه، اثر تزریق درون تخم مرغی 0.1 میلی­گرم عصاره قارچ خوراکی، عصاره گزنه و فدرازول هیدروکلراید به عنوان مهارکننده آروماتاز در روز پنجم دوره جوجهکشی بر قابلیت جوجهدرآوری، تلفات جنینی و بازدهی تولیدی جوجه­های تفریخ شده مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. نتایج این آزمایش نشان داد که هیچ تفاوت معنیداری در قابلیت جوجه­درآوری، تلفات جنینی طی دوره جوجهکشی و وزن جوجه­های تفریخ شده وجود نداشت. مصرف خوراک و افزایش وزن روزانه در جوجه­های تفریخ شده از گروههای تزریق شده با عصاره قارچ و فدرازول هیدروکلراید بالاتر از دو گروه دیگر بود (0.05>P). همچنین، تزریق درون تخم مرغی عصاره قارچ، عصاره گزنه یا فدرازول هیدروکلرابد اثری بر درصد لاشه و اندامهای داخلی ایجاد ننمود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
46 - Anti-Apoptotic Role of p21 and p27 Genes during Different Stages of Corpus Luteum Progression in Bovine
H. Ali S. Hayat S. Ahmad M. Ibrahim S.A. Haider S. Ullah S. Ahmad H. Khan I. Ul Haq -
Open Access Article
47 - Association between Ovoinhibitor (OIH) Gene Polymorphism and Egg Quality Traits in Golden Kamper Hybrid Chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus)
D. Retnosari B.S. Daryono -
Open Access Article
48 - Resistance of various biotypes of Canary grass (phalaris. Spp) to acetyl-CoA carboxylase-inhibiting herbicides.
Rahil Abdi Eskandar Zand Mohammad Reza Naghavi Jahanfar Daneshiyan Nour Ali Ghiasi -
Open Access Article
49 - Synthesis of dihydropyranocarbonitrile compounds based on kojic acid linked to 1,2,3-triazole ring by click chemistry approach and their evaluation as potential tyrosinase inhibitors
Zahra Najafi Soheila Esmaili Saeed Babaee Behnam Khaleseh Gholamabbas Chehardoli Mehdi Khoshneviszadeh Tahmineh AkbarzadehIn this research, synthesis of dihydropyranocarbonitrile compounds based on kojic acid linked to 1,2,3-triazole ring were performed by click chemistry method and evaluated as tyrosinase enzyme. Ring formation of triazole in the target compounds was performed by the clas MoreIn this research, synthesis of dihydropyranocarbonitrile compounds based on kojic acid linked to 1,2,3-triazole ring were performed by click chemistry method and evaluated as tyrosinase enzyme. Ring formation of triazole in the target compounds was performed by the classic Sharpless approach and in the presence of copper as catalyst. The compounds included three categories including kojic acid derivatives with 1,2,3-triazole ring based on 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, 3-hydroxybenzaldehyde, and 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy benzaldehyde (vanillin). In vitro evaluation of the tyrosinase enzyme inhibitory effect of all compounds was performed. Most of the compounds showed moderate to weak inhibition and finally, the results were reported as inhibition percentage. Among them 8d, 8f, and 8n compounds have the best percentage of tyrosinase enzyme inhibitory activity with percentages of 40.40 ± 2.88, 45.53 ± 3.05, and 42.52 ± 2.05, respectively, compared to kojic acid as standard control (19.69 ± 2.11 μM). Docking studies showed that the compounds interacted with the amino acids of the entry of active site and its around. In addition, the drug-likeness and pharmacokinetic properties for the selected compounds were calculated and the obtained data were within the acceptable range. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
50 - Effect of Hydrazine hydrate on copolymer (Methyl methacrylate-Maleic anhydride) properties: thermal stability, transparency and corrosion inhibition
fariborz atabaki gholamali kohmareh samira sarikhaniIn this study, first copolymer (methyl methacrylate-maleic anhydride) was synthesized and then it reacted with different amount of hydrazine hydrate. Primary copolymers and products were detected by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance MoreIn this study, first copolymer (methyl methacrylate-maleic anhydride) was synthesized and then it reacted with different amount of hydrazine hydrate. Primary copolymers and products were detected by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), the glass refractive temperatures (Tg) were determined by thermal decomposition (TGA-DSC). The results showed that copolymerization of methyl methacrylate with maleic anhydride increased the thermal stability of the polymer compared to poly (methyl methacrylate) also addition of hydrazine improved the thermal stability of the copolymer. The percentage of elements in the copolymer reacted with hydrazine was determined using elemental analysis (CHNS) and their transparency with the spectrum of light transmission in the visible-ultraviolet region showed that although copolymerization reduced the transparency and light transmission in the visible region but Increasing hydrazine not only solves this problem but also makes the product more transparent than poly PMMA. Also Solutions with concentrations of 50 to 200 ppm of primary copolymer and two of the products were prepared and theirs inhibitory performance on corrosion of low carbon steel in 0.05 M hydrochloric acid (HCl) solution was investigated using potentiodynamic polarization, X-ray energy scattering analysis (EDX) and weight loss methods. The results confirm the increased corrosion inhibitory power of the copolymer in acidic environment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
51 - Metoclopramide: a new and effective inhibitor for corrosion inhibition of mild steel in 0.5 M phosphoric acid solution
مهدی شهیدی زندی زهرا گلشنی محمدجواد بهرامی سیدمحمدعلی حسینی دار مکاتبات:*عهده97، بهار 1سال دوازدهم، شماره 61JARC مولار 0/5 ای مؤثر و جدید برای جلوگیری از خوردگی فولاد نرم در محلول متوکلوپرامید: بازدارندهفسفریک اسید4و سیدمحمدعلی حسینی3، محمدجواد بهرامی2و*، مهدی شهی More دار مکاتبات:*عهده97، بهار 1سال دوازدهم، شماره 61JARC مولار 0/5 ای مؤثر و جدید برای جلوگیری از خوردگی فولاد نرم در محلول متوکلوپرامید: بازدارندهفسفریک اسید4و سیدمحمدعلی حسینی3، محمدجواد بهرامی2و*، مهدی شهیدی زندی1زهرا گلشنی فیزیک، گروه شیمی، دانشکده علوم، دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان، کرمان، ایران- کارشناس ارشد شیمی1 فیزیک، دانشکده علوم، واحد کرمان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، کرمان، ایران- استادیار شیمی2 فیزیک، گروه علوم، دانشگاه فرهنگیان کرمان، کرمان، ایران- استادیار شیمی3 فیزیک، گروه شیمی، دانشکده علوم، دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان، کرمان، ایران- استاد شیمی41396، پذیرش: آذر 1396، بازنگری: مهر 1396دریافت: فروردین مولار با استفاده از روش های 0/5 در این پژوهش رفتار بازدارندگی قرص متوکلوپرامید بر خوردگی فولاد نرم در محلول فسفریک اسید چکیده: طور کامل بررسی شد. نتایج نشان ) بهSEM) و میکروسکوپی الکترونی روبشی (EIS سنجی رهبندی الکتروشیمیایی (قطبش پتانسیودینامیک، طیف های قطبش شود. اندازه گیری باعث افزایش بازدارندگی و افزایش دما باعث کاهش بازده بازدارندگی می300ppmداد که افزایش بازدارنده تا غلظت کند. نتایج رهبندی الکتروشیمیایی مشخص عنوان بازدارنده آندی عمل میپتانسیودینامیک نشان داد که بازدارنده موردنظر در محلول فسفریک اسید به دست آمده از یابد. نتایج به) کاهش میCdl، مقاومت انتقال بار افزایش و ظرفیت لایه دوگانه (300ppmکرد که با افزودن بازدارنده تا غلظت دماهای جذب نشان دادند که جذب سنجی رهبندی الکتروشیمیایی با یکدیگر همخوانی دارند. مطالعه هم های قطبش پتانسیودینامیک و طیفروش خودی و گرماده بوده و با کاهش کند. فرایند جذب، فرایندی خودبه دمای جذب لانگمویر پیروی میبازدارنده در محلول، بر روی سطح آلیاژ، از هم وری در محلول مذکور حاوی بازدارنده را نشان می دهد های حفاظتی روی سطح آلیاژ پس از غوطه تشکیل لایهSEMآنتروپی همراه است. تصویرهای ها تصدیقی بر عملکرد جذبی بازدارنده است.و این بررسی سنجی رهبندی الکتروشیمیایی، فولاد نرم، متوکلوپرامید بازدارنده خوردگی سبز، قطبش پتانسیودینامیک، طیف های کلیدی:واژهمقدمهخوردگی همیشه دلیل عمده از بین رفتن ماده و انرژی بوده صورت های بسیار زیادی است که بهاست و نتیجه آن صرف هزینه .]1مستقیم و غیرمستقیم توسط صاحبان صنایع پرداخت می شود [ وساز مواد ترین آلیاژها در مهندسی و ساختفولاد یکی از مهم های باری ای از زندگی ما، از کشتیاست. این آلیاژ در هر جنبهتا بهترین چاقوی کالبدشکافی برای عمل جراحی در بیمارستان .]2 گیرد [مورداستفاده قرار می های متداول برای حفاظت فلزات از خوردگی بسته روشبه کیفیت و چگونگی فلز و محیط خورنده به چند دسته کلی meshahidizandi@gmail.com62ZÆ],7ÃZ¼‹,ºÅ{YÁ{μZ‡)JARC(های کاربردی در شیمی نشریه پژوهش ها استفاده ] که یکی از پرکاربردترین آن4 و 3 شوند [تقسیم می ها است. استفاده از بازدارنده یکی از بهترین گزینه های از بازدارندهحفاظت از فلزات و آلیاژها در برابر خوردگی است. بسیاری از های اخیر، بررسی ها ترکیبات آلی هستند. در سالاین بازدارنده ها و ترکیبات دارویی موردتوجه توانایی بازدارندگی خوردگی قرص سیلین، ]. برای مثال، داروهای بنزیل پنی5قرارگرفته است [ سیلین به ترتیب با فرمول مولکولی سیلین و آموکسیآمپیC16H19N3O5S. و C16H18N3NaO4S ،C16H17N2NaO4S های خوردگی مساعد محیطی از عنوان بازدارنده به3H2O ها هستند و در گروه شیمیایی آمینواسیدها بیوتیکمشهورترین آنتی صورت قرص یا کپسول و پودر یافت می شوند قرار دارند و به]. همچنین، در مطالعات اخیر اثر بازدارندگی ترکیب شیمیایی 6[) با ساختاری نزدیک به متوکلوپرامید در C6H5CONH2بنزآمید (محیط سولفوریک اسید موردبررسی قرارگرفته و نتایج حاصل دهد که با های قطبش پتانسیواستاتیک نشان میاز اندازه گیری درصد افزایش 70افزایش بازدارنده، بازده بازدارندگی به بیش از .]7می یابد [ عنوان بازدارنده برای در این پژوهش، قرص متوکلوپرامید بهجلوگیری از خوردگی فولاد نرم در محیط فسفریک اسید مورداستفاده قرارگرفته و درنهایت فرایند بازدارندگی آن با استفاده 1 سنجی رهبندی های قطبش پتانسیودینامیک، طیفاز روشالکتروشیمیایی و میکروسکوپی الکترونی روبشی بررسی شده است.بخش تجربی ها بر روی آلیاژ فولاد نرم با ترکیب درصد اجزاء تمامی آزمون0/045 گوگرد، 0/045 سیلیکون، 0/5 آهن، 97/84 :)wt. % ( های استوانه ای صورت نمونه کربن، که به0/17 منگنز و 1/4فسفر، متر مربع تهیه شده، سانتی1 ای به مساحت شکل با سطحی دایره شده (فسفریک اسید با انجام گرفت. تمام مواد شیمیایی استفاده و استن شستشو) از شرکت مرک آلمان بودند.%85درجه خلوص و300 ،200 ،100 ،50 هایی با غلظت های ابتدا محلول مولار تهیه شد. 0/5 از بازدارنده در فسفریک اسید 400ppm هایی از های الکتروشیمیایی، نمونهسپس برای انجام آزمایش برش داده شد و درنهایت سطح الکترود st37جنس آلیاژ فولاد نرم ) صیقلی 400-2000-2500کار با درجات متفاوت کاغذ سمباده (و با آب مقطر و استن شسته و در هوای محیط خشک شد. ها به منظور ارزیابی بازده بازدارندگی و عملکرد بازدارندهبه سنجی رهبندی الکتروشیمیایی و قطبش های طیفترتیب آزمایش ها از یک سل پتانسیودینامیک انجام گرفت. در این آزمایشدوجداره با سه الکترود استفاده شد. از الکترود پلاتین صفحه ای عنوان ) بهSCE عنوان الکترود کمکی، از الکترود کالومل اشباع (به عنوان الکترود کار شده بهالکترود مرجع و از نمونه فلزی آمادهاستفاده شده است. تا 100mHz های رهبندی در گستره فرکانس آزمایش های قطبش و آزمایش10mV و با دامنه نوسان 100kHz +200- تا 200پتانسیودینامیک با گستره پتانسیل اعمالی از انجام گرفت و نتایج با استفاده 1mV/s ولت و سرعت روبش میلی تحلیل شد. همچنین، آزمایش های NOVA 1.10از نرم افزار درجه 55 تا 25قطبش برای بررسی اثر دما در گستره دمایی گراد در غیاب و حضور غلظت بهینه بازدارنده انجام شد. سانتی شناسی سطح و مطالعه جذب بازدارنده ها منظور ریختدرنهایت بهبر سطح از روش میکروسکوپی الکترونی روبشی استفاده شد. برای ساعت در دمای اتاق در داخل 24این بررسی، الکترود کار به مدت محلول اسیدی بدون بازدارنده و همچنین حاوی غلظت بهینه از ها از محلول خارج شد و با بازدارنده نگهداری شد. سپس نمونهآب مقطر و استن شسته و خشک شدند. درنهایت با میکروسکوپ ها تهیه شد.الکترونی، تصویرهای نمونه ها و بحثنتیجهقطبش پتانسیودینامیک منظور تعیین اثر غلظت بازدارنده بر روی خوردگی فولاد نرم به ای مؤثر و جدید برای جلوگیری ... متوکلوپرامید: بازدارنده1. Impedance68ZÆ],7ÃZ¼‹,ºÅ{YÁ{μZ‡)JARC(های کاربردی در شیمی نشریه پژوهش شود، در ضمن نقاط های خورنده به سطح فلز میرسیدن یون طور که در تصاویر کند. همانفعال بر روی سطح فلز را منفعل می هایی شود وجود نقاط سیاه تا حدودی نشان از حفرهمشاهده می توان گفت که است که در سطح فلز ایجادشده است. بنابراین، می ای اتفاق در حضور بازدارنده نیز به مقدار بسیار کمی خوردگی حفرهافتاده است. این تصاویر همچنین مهر تأییدی بر عملکرد صحیح لایه محافظ قوی تا بازدارنده در سطح آلیاژ است که با ایجاد یکحدود زیادی از خوردگی سطح فلز جلوگیری کرده است. گیرینتیجهنتایج نشان دادند که قرص متوکلوپرامید، بازدارنده مناسبی برای جلوگیری از خوردگی فولاد نرم در محیط فسفریک اسید صورت بازدارنده مختلط با تمایل آندی عمل است. این بازدارنده به ای مؤثر و جدید برای جلوگیری ... متوکلوپرامید: بازدارندهمراجع[1] Nguyen, T.N.; Hubbard, J.B.; Mcfadden, G.B.; Journal of coatings technology 63(794), 43-52, 1991.[2] El-Maksoud, S.A.; International Journal of Electrochemical Science 3(5), 528-55, 2008.[3]*، چاپ "خوردگی فلزات و جلوگیری از آن" زاده طوسی، محمد تقی؛ علی1360 ،9دوم، انتشارات مهتاب، تهران، صفحه [4]*، چاپ اول، انتشارات "خوردگی فلزات و آلیاژها" پاشایی فرد مقدم، فاطمه؛ 1354 ،35 صفحه 1354دانشگاه تهران، [5] Rani, B.E.; Basu, B.B.; International Journal of Corrosion 2012, 1-15, 2011.[6] Znini, M.; Cristofari, G.; Majidi, L.; Ansari, A.; Bouyanzer, A.; Paolini, J.; Costa, J.; Int. J. Electrochem. Sci. 7, 3959-81, 2012.[7] Loto, C.A.; Loto, R.T.; Joseph, O.O.; Afr, S.; J. Chem. 70, 38–43, 2017.[8] Elkadi, L.; Mernari. B.; Traisnel, M.; Bentiss, بازده بازدارندگی را 300ppmکرده و افزایش غلظت بازدارنده تا دهد که با افزایش دما دهد. بررسی اثر دما نشان میافزایش می تقریب ثابت یافته ولی پتانسیل خوردگی بهجریان خوردگی افزایش ماند. جذب بازدارنده در این محیط بر روی سطح آلیاژ باقی می کند. فرایند جذب دما جذب سطحی لانگمویر پیروی میاز هم خودی و گرماده است بازدارنده برای محیط فسفریک اسید خودبهو همچنین فرایند جذب با کاهش آنتروپی همراه بوده است. حضور سازی شده است. بازدارندگی بازدارنده باعث افزایش انرژی فعالدر این محیط بیشتر از طریق جذب فیزیکی بازدارنده بر سطح فلز تأییدی بر SEMصورت گرفته است. نتایج حاصل از بررسی های عملکرد جذبی بازدارنده و تشکیل لایه محافظ بر روی سطح است و با افزودن قرص متوکلوپرامید به محیط فسفریک اسید میزان توجهی کاهش پیدا می کند.خوردگی به مقدار قابلF.; Lagrenee, M.; Corrosion Science 42(4), 703-19, 2000.[9] Sherif, E.M.; Park, S.M.; Electrochimica Acta 51(22), 4665-73, 2006.[10] Li, W., He, Q.; Pei, C.; Hou, B.; Electrochi-mica Acta 52, 6386-6394, 2007.[11] Alibakhshi, E.; Ghasemi, E.; Mahdavian, M.; Ramezanzadeh, B.; Colorants Coat. 9, 233-248, 2016.[12] Bentiss, F.; Traisnel, M.; Lagrenee, M.; Cor-rosion Science 42(1),127-46, 2000.[13] Outirite, M.; Lagrenée, M.; Lebrini, M.; Traisnel, M.; Jama, C.; Vezin, H.; Bentiss, F.; Electrochimica Acta 55(5), 1670-81, 2010.[14] Safizadeh, F.; Lafront, A.M.; Ghali, E.; Hou-lachi, G.; Hydrometallurgy 111, 29-34, 2012.[15] Hosseini, S.M.; Azimi, A.; Materials and cor-rosion 59(1), 41-5, 2008.[16] Abdallah, M.; Corrosion Science 46(8),1981-96, 2004.69ZÆ],7ÃZ¼‹,ºÅ{YÁ{μZ‡)JARC(های کاربردی در شیمی نشریه پژوهش2008.[21] Zhang, Q.B.; Hua, Y.X.; Electrochimica Acta 54(6),1881-7, 2009.[22] Bouklah, M.; Hammouti, B.; Lagrenee, M.; Bentiss, F.; Corrosion Science 48(9), 2831-42, 2006.[23] Vashi, R.T.; Champaneri, V.A.; Indian jour-nal of chemical technology 4, 180-4, 1997.24. Qu, Q.; Hao, Z.; Jiang, S.; Li, L.; Bai, W.; Ma-terials and corrosion 59(11), 883-8, 2008.شهیدی زندی و همکاران[17] Zheng, X.W.; Zhang, S.T.; Corros. Sci. 80, 383–392, 2014.[18] Mohammadi, A.; Hosseini, S.M.A.; Bahra-mi, M.J.; Shahidi, M.; Color Colorants Coat. 9, 117-134, 2016.[19] El Mehdi, B.; Mernari, B.; Traisnel, M.; Ben-tiss, F.; Lagrenee, M.; Synthesis and Materials chemistry and physics. 77(2), 489-96, 2003.[20] Hosseini, S.M.; Amiri, M.; Momeni, A.; Surface Review and Letters 15(04), 435-42, *Corresponding author Email:Journal of Applied Research in Chemistry140JARCMetoclopramide: a new and effective inhibitor for corrosion inhibition of mild steel in 0.5 M phosphoric acid solutionZ. Golshani1, M. Shahidi Zandi2,*, M.J. Bahrami3, S.M.A. Hosseini41. Department of Chemistry, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran2. Department of Chemistry, Kerman Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kerman, Iran3. Department of Science, Farhangian University, Kerman, Iran4. Department of Chemistry, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, IranRecieved: April 2017, Revised: October 2017, Accepted: December 2017Abstract: In this work, the inhibitive behavior of metoclopramide tablet on the corrosion of mild steel in 0.5 M phosphoric acid solution was investigated employing potentiodynamic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques. The results showed that the inhibition efficiency increased with increase in the concentration of inhibitor, up to 300 ppm and the increase in temperature caused the reduction in the inhibition efficiency. Potentiodynamic polarization measurements indicated that the inhibitor acts as an anodic type inhibitor. The EIS measurements showed that by addition of the inhibitor up to 300 ppm, the charge transfer resistance increased and the double layer capacitance (Cdl) decreased. The results obtained from potentiodynamic polarization and EIS were in good agreement. The adsorption studies revealed that the adsorption of the inhibitor in the solution on the alloy surface follows Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The adsorption process is a spontaneous and exothermic process accompanied with the reduction of entropy. SEM investigations proved the formation of protective layers on the alloy surface after immersion in the solution and these observations validate the adsorption performance of the inhibitor. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
52 - Study of two organic compounds containing nitro functional group as temporary protection of steel corrosion
فریبرز اتابکی مهران رادورSteel parts can be protected against atmospheric corrosion by temporary protective coatings. The inhibitors in temporary protective coating by virtue of adsorption on the metal surface blocking the active sites and thereupon decrease the corrosion rate. In this research MoreSteel parts can be protected against atmospheric corrosion by temporary protective coatings. The inhibitors in temporary protective coating by virtue of adsorption on the metal surface blocking the active sites and thereupon decrease the corrosion rate. In this research, two compounds N-)3-nitrophenyl( maleamic acid )NPMA( and N-)2,4-dinitrophenyl( maleamic acid )DNPMA( were synthesized and were added to temporary protective oil coating. These compounds were characterized by FT-IR. Yield of )NPMA( and )DNPMA( were obtained as 80% and 84% yield, respectively. In next stage, 300-3600 ppm of synthesized corrosion inhibitors were added to base oil and used for covering on the surfaces of mild steel samples as temporary protective coatings. The covered steel samples located in chamber constructed according to ASTM D-1748 with 100% relative humidity and their corrosion inhibition determined by optical microscope and weight loss measurements. The results showed that prepared coatings were very efficient. The inhibition efficiency increases with increasing inhibitor concentrations to 900 ppm, and DNPMA is better than NPMA. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
53 - Kinetic and life span study of 5-bromo-2-(((1-hydroxybutan-2-yl)imino)methyl)phenol and 2-((2-((2-hydroxybenzylidene)amino)ethyl)amino)phenol as corrosion inhibitors, using new fast Fourier transform electrochemical techniques
Mohsen Markazi Javad Shabani shayeh Behnam RasekhMetal corrosion represents a significant cost to the industry. Detection and prevention are possible by use of various methods including electrochemical technics and corrosion inhibitors. In the present study, the performance of two types of inhibitors, 5-bromo-2-(((1-h MoreMetal corrosion represents a significant cost to the industry. Detection and prevention are possible by use of various methods including electrochemical technics and corrosion inhibitors. In the present study, the performance of two types of inhibitors, 5-bromo-2-(((1-hydroxybutan-2-yl)imino)methyl)phenol (C11H14BrNO2) and 2-((2-((2-hydroxybenzylidene)amino)ethyl)amino)phenol C15H16N2O2, was investigated in reducing corrosion rate of A106 Gr.b alloy steel used in oil pipelines in corrosive medium of 1M sulfuric acid. The comparison between these two inhibitors and the role of nitrogen in their performance and their life span were investigated by cyclic voltammetric electrochemical technique and fast Fourier transform method for data processing. It was found that the C11H14BrNO2 inhibitor by having a slower kinetics in the decomposition process can stand longer and was more effective than the other corrosion inhibitor. This C11H14BrNO2 inhibitor also has a much better performance in preventing carbon corrosion, despite having a lower nitrogen element in the structure because of its favorable spatial structure and better placement of “N” on the corroded metal surface. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
54 - The Development of Inhibitory Control in Primary School Boys
Elnaz Ghayerin Hosna Abdollahzadeh Seyed Javad Emadi Chashmi Vahid NejatiThe purpose of this study was to investigate the development of inhibitory control in a sample of Iranian children. In this study participants were ninety boys who studied in elementary school that they were selected by convenience sampling. In this study one-way ANOVA MoreThe purpose of this study was to investigate the development of inhibitory control in a sample of Iranian children. In this study participants were ninety boys who studied in elementary school that they were selected by convenience sampling. In this study one-way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc tests were used to evaluate the results of these children's performance in Flanker task (Eriksen & Eriksen, 1974) and Go/ No go task (first applied by Gordon and Caramazza). The results of this study showed that as age increases, inhibitory control in several directions developed, ie response speed in the presence of congruent stimuli, inhibitory rate of incongruent stimuli, accuracy of execution stage (go) and speed of execution stage (go). But at age six up to nine, in this study the results showed reduction in accuracy of inhibition (no go). It generally seems with age, inhibitory control grows and develops in different ways. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
55 - The effect of letrozol as aromatase inhibitor drug on sex steroids in mature and immature female Cichlosoma nigrofasciatum
T. Naji H. Hosseinzade Sahafi M. K. Jazebizadeh M. MajidiIn this study, the effect of letrozole drug as aromatase inhibitor on changes of some Sex steroids on mature and immature female Zebrafishwas investigated. For this Purpose, after dechlorination of aquarium water, mature fishes with mean weight (0.32 ±0.5 MoreIn this study, the effect of letrozole drug as aromatase inhibitor on changes of some Sex steroids on mature and immature female Zebrafishwas investigated. For this Purpose, after dechlorination of aquarium water, mature fishes with mean weight (0.32 ±0.5 g) and immature (0.15±0.5 g) were released, experiments in 8 treatments (2 treatments as control and six treatments as experimental) were done. Different doses of Letrozole 10, 20 and 30 µg per kg fish into Intramuscular injection (IM)Dictionary - View detailed dictionary 1.noun 1.injection 2.infusion 3.transfusion 4.shot 5.intinction and the amount of 0/001 ml was injected and the injections in 10 days( every other day) were performed. Then hormones( estradiol and testosterone) in experimental treatments were measured The results of comparing the level of steroids among treatments of different showed that testestron amount increased in mature fish (0.04 ،0.63، 0.62، 0.82 µg/kg )treated compared with control treatment and in third treatment increased much more than the other two were treated and also estradiol amount decreased (2.7 ،1.6، 1.85، 2.05 µg/kg ) in all treatments that represented the inhibitory function of Letrozole drug(p<0/05). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
56 - Biosynthesis of ZnO nanoparticles using green tea extract and determination of its antibiofilm effect on Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from wound infection
Behrooz Shojaee Sadi Shima Chehreii Mahla EsmaeiliBackground & Objectives: Owing to the antimicrobial activity of ZnO nanoparticles without causing resistance, such substances could be considered as an appropriate alternative to prevent bacterial biofilm formation. The aim of this study was to the biosynthesis of Z MoreBackground & Objectives: Owing to the antimicrobial activity of ZnO nanoparticles without causing resistance, such substances could be considered as an appropriate alternative to prevent bacterial biofilm formation. The aim of this study was to the biosynthesis of ZnO nanoparticles using green tea extract and determination of its effect on biofilm formation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates separated from wound infection. Materials & Methods: In this cross-sectional study, biosynthetic nanoparticles were evaluated by X-ray diffraction, energy dispersive X-ray analysis, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Determination of antimicrobial activity and minimum inhibitory concentration of nanoparticles were done by micro broth dilution method. The antibiofilm activity was investigated using biofilm formation by O'Toole 2011 method. Results: The biosynthesis of nanoparticles was confirmed by analysis. The size of the nanoparticles was determined in the range of 10 to 90 with an average of less than 40 nm. The nanoparticles had anti-microbial activities in concentrations of 250, 500 and 1000 ug/mL and minimum inhibitory concentration of 500 ug/mL was reported. The antimicrobial and antibiofilm effects of the nanoparticles rose with increasing the concentrations. Conclusion: The biosynthesis of nanoparticles with the extract has a variety of benefits such as simplicity, good stability, without energy consumption, less time-consuming, non-toxic wastes, economical efficiency, and large scale synthesis capability. According to the antimicrobial and antibiofilm properties, the use of these nanoparticles as coatings in medical equipment and food industries is recommended. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
57 - Biosorption of silver by Stenotrophomonas maltophilia strain MS8 isolated from wastewater of Silversmith’s workshop in Isfahan
Maedeh Shahsanaei Goneirani1 Ali Mohammad Ahadi Monir DoudiBackground & Objectives: Detection of the microorganisms resistant to toxic metals is the first step in the process of bioremediation. The purpose of this study was isolation of silver-resistant bacteria, determination of their minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) MoreBackground & Objectives: Detection of the microorganisms resistant to toxic metals is the first step in the process of bioremediation. The purpose of this study was isolation of silver-resistant bacteria, determination of their minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and investigation on the biosorption in vitro. Materials & Methods: Sampling was carried out from the wastewater of two Silversmith’s workshop in Isfahan and effluent of the wastewater treatment plant phase 2 input in Shahinshahr. The agar dilution method and PHG II culture medium containing concentrations of 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32 mM of Ag (NO3)was used to separate the metal-resistant bacteria and determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Finally, the ribotyping method was used to identify the silver-resistant bacteria. Results: In this study seven silver-resistant bacteria were isolated, among them Ag5 showed the highest resistance to silver (MIC = 6mM). Based on the molecular analysis, this isolate belonged to a new strain, called as Stenotrophomonas maltophilia strain MS8, and its formation was deposited as KP742984 in Gene Bank (NCBI). This strain was able to absorb 11.39% of silver from medium in vitro after 120 minute and could growth well in the presence of silver. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, it seems that this isolate is a good candidate for biological removal of silver from contaminated wastewater in the future. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
58 - Antimicrobial effects of extracellular copper sulfide nanoparticles synthesized from Bacillus licheniformis
Morahem Ashengroph Maryam Sahami-SoltaniBackground & Objectives: Copper nanoparticles due to unique catalytic properties and electrical and optical conductivity are of great importance. This study was aimed to use the potential of aquatic bacteria as biocatalysts to reduce copper sulfate into copper sulfi MoreBackground & Objectives: Copper nanoparticles due to unique catalytic properties and electrical and optical conductivity are of great importance. This study was aimed to use the potential of aquatic bacteria as biocatalysts to reduce copper sulfate into copper sulfide nanoparticles (CuSNPs) and to assess its antimicrobial properties.Materials & Methods: The CuSNPs produced via bioconversion reaction have been characterized by spectroscopy analysis, electro-micrographs prepared by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and particle size distribution histogram. The antimicrobial activity of CuSNPs against some bacteria and pathogenic fungi was also investigated by disc diffusion test.Results: 105 Cu-resistant bacterial strains have been isolated according to selective enrichment technique. Based on the results, the only culture supernatant of strain Cu25 was able to reduce copper sulfate into copper sulfide nanoparticles (CuSNPs), extracellular. The cu25 strain was identified as Bacillus licheniformis based on phenotypic and molecular analysis. Subsequently, the extracellular synthesis of CuSNPs was investigated. The results showed that the supernatant of B. licheniformis Cu25 following exposure to 7.5 mM copper sulfate solution and 24 h of incubation can produce spherical CuSNPs with the average diameter of 21.5 nm as extracellular.Conclusion: The current study is the first report on the extracellular synthesis of CuSNPs using B. licheniformis. Also, the produced biological nanoparticles have growth inhibitory effect against some pathogenic bacteria and fungi. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
59 - Isolation and identification of Lactic Acid Bacteria in the people's mouth and studying on their inhibitory effect on some entropathogenic bacteria
Jamileh Noroozi Anita Khanafari Shirin BeiglariBackground and objectives: Predominant organisms in plaques are of the genus Streptococcus, with Streptococcus mutans being the species most important in the formation of dental caries. Another organism that is important in the development of caries is the lactobacillus MoreBackground and objectives: Predominant organisms in plaques are of the genus Streptococcus, with Streptococcus mutans being the species most important in the formation of dental caries. Another organism that is important in the development of caries is the lactobacillus. Lactobacillus species are not important in the initiation of caries but in the continuation. The aim of this study was to isolate and identify of lactic acid bacteria from the mouth in different ages, determination of pH and study the inhibitory effect of isolated Lactobacilli on some entropathogens bacteria (Salmonella, Shigella and Escherchia coli). Material and Methods: From 75 persons in different ages, the samples were collected from saliva and around dental and were cultured in MRS medium. Lactobacilli and Streptococci were isolated and identified by standard methods (morphology, microscopic shape and chemical characteristics and fermentation of carbohydrates). Growth pH of isolated Lactobacillus was determined. Inhibitory effects of isolated bacteria were evaluated by spot on the lawn, blank disk and well-diffusion methods on Salmonella, Shigella and Escherichia coli. Results: Isolated Lactobacillus were including L. fermentum, L. casei, L. gasseri, L. brevis, L. plantarum and L. acidophilus, and isolated Streptococci was Streptococcus mutans. Isolated Lactobacilli had inhibitory effect on Escherichia coli but they didn't have any inhibitory effect on Salmonella and Shigella. Conclusion: Our results showed that some Lactobacilli had inhibitory effect on some pathogenic in vitro. So, consumption of dairy (because of the presence of Lactobacilli) is recommended. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
60 - Matrix analysis of corrosion inhibition phenomena: Theoretical technique for inhibitor prediction and pre-selection
Mohsen Lashgari Mohammad-Reza Arshadi Gholam-Abbas Parsafar -
Open Access Article
61 - 3D-QSAR and docking analysis on a series of multi-cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors using CoMFA, and CoMSIA
Jahan B. Ghasemi Mahnaz Ayati Somayeh Pirhadi Reihaneh Safavi-Sohi -
Open Access Article
62 - Cumulative Effect of Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Heme Oxygenase-1 Inducer in Ameliorating Induced Liver Toxicity in Rats
Ahmed Talaat Abd Elaziz Hanaa Mohamed Elzahed Shar Hassan Hassan Bahaa Eldin A. Khaled Eman H. Nadwa -
Open Access Article
63 - In-vitro Antibacterial and Antifungal Screening of Newly Synthesized Trifluoromethylated N-Heterocyclic ketenimines and 1-aza butadiene Derivatives
Rosa Edris Ameri Bita Mohtat Eskandar Alipour Nahid Rahimifard Behrooz Mirza -
Open Access Article
64 - Theoretical and experimental study of Imidazolium Ionic Liquid Effect on the Corrosion Inhibition of 316-Stainless Steel, Using Electrochemical Test Methods and Quantum Mechanics Theories
Reza Safari ALI EHSANI Hamid EbrahimiIn this study, the impact of )1-Buthyl-3-methyl imidazoloum hexa fluorophosphatesas( a new inhibitor on the corrosion of stainless steel 316L (SS) in HCl solution was investigated by means of potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). MoreIn this study, the impact of )1-Buthyl-3-methyl imidazoloum hexa fluorophosphatesas( a new inhibitor on the corrosion of stainless steel 316L (SS) in HCl solution was investigated by means of potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Also, the absorption of inhibitor onto the SS surface followed the Langmuir absorption model with the free energy of absorption ΔG0adsof -8.57 kJ mol-1. In addition, using density function theory (DFT) and atoms-in-molecule (AIM) theories, introduced by Richard Bader, which is a generalization of quantum theory to proper nano-size and molecular systems, the electronic organic-structure and local charge/energy transfer in the imidazole molecular system (as a organic-corrosion inhibitor element) are studied. In the same vein, the atomic electronic properties (such as electron density and its Laplacian), and the HOMO–LUMO gap (HLG) of this organic-molecular system are calculated. The results of the investigation show that proposed compound, as a commodious/economical -green inhibitor, has excellent inhibiting properties for SS corrosion in acidic solution. Furthermore, quantum mechanical results show that nitrogen atoms play domain role in intra-molecular charge and energy transfer (and thus electrochemical mechanism) in this inhibitor. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
65 - Influence of Dopamine D2 Receptors of the Dorsal Hippocampus in the Improving Effect of Nicotine on Ethanol-induced Amnesia
مریمالسادات شاهین سیما نصری مرتضی پیریEthanol and nicotine produce some effects via activation of mesocorticolimbic dopaminergic pathway which projects from the ventral tegmental area to the nucleus accumbens and hippocampus. Dopamine D2 receptors have been detected in dorsal hippocampus, which is a key bra MoreEthanol and nicotine produce some effects via activation of mesocorticolimbic dopaminergic pathway which projects from the ventral tegmental area to the nucleus accumbens and hippocampus. Dopamine D2 receptors have been detected in dorsal hippocampus, which is a key brain region that influences learning and memory. In the present study, influence of dopamine D2 receptors of dorsal hippocampus in nicotineandrsquo;s effect on ethanol-induced amnesia was investigated. In this experimental study 255 adult male NMRI mice were used (24 group). The animals anaesthetized and cannulae implanted bilaterally in the CA1 regions of the dorsal hippocampus using stereotaxic method. Seven days after recovery from surgery, the behavioral testing was started in inhibitory avoidance task. In this study ethanol, nicotine and sulpiride (D2 receptor agonist) were used. The Kruskalandndash;Wallis nonparametric one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by a two-tailed Mannandndash;Whitneyand#39;s U-test, were used for analysis of the data. Differences with P andlt; 0.05 between experimental groups at each point were considered statistically significant. Pre-training or pre-test injection of ethanol induced amnesia (Pandlt;0.001). Pre-test administration of ethanol or nicotine restored amnesia ethanol (Pandlt;0.001). Pre-test intra-CA1 injection of sulpirideblocks the nicotine reversal effect on ethanol amnesia (Pandlt;0.001).On the other hand, pre-test injection of nicotine or sulpiride has no effect on memory by itself (Pandgt;0.05). Our results in this study indicated that the blockage of dopamine d1 receptors of dorsal hippocampus decreases nicotine-induced restoration of ethanol amnesia. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
66 - The Effect of D2 Receptor Agonist injection in the Nucleus Accumbens on Restoration of Morphine induced Amnesia by Nicotine in Male Rats
روناک عزیزبیگی مریم السادات شاهین مرتضی پیریStudies have revealed the effect of morphine and nicotine on different types of memory and learning. These drugs produce more of their effects via the mesolimbic dopaminergic pathway. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of intra nucleus accumbens MoreStudies have revealed the effect of morphine and nicotine on different types of memory and learning. These drugs produce more of their effects via the mesolimbic dopaminergic pathway. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of intra nucleus accumbens (intra-NAc) injection of the dopamine D2 receptor antagonist(sulpirid) in nicotineandrsquo;s effect on morphine-induced amnesia. This experimental study was performed on 185 male rats. Rats were anesthetized with intra-peritoneal injection of ketamine hydrochloride, plus xylazine and then placed in a stereotaxic apparatus. Two stainless-steel cannuale were placed in the nucleus accumbens shell. The behavioral testing was started in inhibitory avoidance task, and the step-through latency for entering into the dark compartment was measured for the assessment of memory retention. The amnesia induced by post-training morphine restores with pre-test injection of morphine, nicotine or nicotine plus ineffective dose of morphine. In contrast, pre-test intra-NAc injection of the dopamine D2 receptor antagonist (sulpiride) which had no effect on memory alone prevented the nicotine reversal effect on morphine memory impairment. These results suggest that the dopamine D2 receptor of the nucleus accumbens may play an important role in the improving effect of nicotine on the morphine-induced amnesia. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
67 - Involvement of ventral tegmental area muscarinic and NMDA receptors on memory retrieval in passive avoidance task
گلاویز محمودی مرتضی پیری علی پورمتعبد صبریه امینیBehavioural studies have suggested interactions between cholinergic and glutamatergic systems. In the present study, the effect of intra-VTA pretest administration of a nonselective muscarinic acetylcholine antagonist, scopolamine, glutamatergic drugs and their interact MoreBehavioural studies have suggested interactions between cholinergic and glutamatergic systems. In the present study, the effect of intra-VTA pretest administration of a nonselective muscarinic acetylcholine antagonist, scopolamine, glutamatergic drugs and their interaction on inhibitory avoidance response was investigated.Rats were anesthetized with intra-peritoneal injection of ketamine hydrochloride, plus xylazine and then placed in a stereotaxic apparatus. Also, two stainless-steel cannuale were placed in the ventral tegmental area. A step-through inhibitory avoidance task was used for memory assessment in male Wistar rats. The drug injected 5 min before testing and the step-through latency was measured with a stopwatch as inhibitory avoidance memory.The results showed that intra-VTA pretest administration of scopolamine (3 and 4 andmu;g/rat) and NMDA receptor antagonist, MK-801 (1 and 2 andmu;g/rat) impair memory retention. Interestingly, co-administration of an ineffective dose of MK801 (0.5 andmu;g/rat) with ineffective doses of scopolamine (1 and 2 andmu;g/rat) significantly decreased the inhibitory avoidance memory. Although pretest intra-VTA injections of NMDA (0.001 and 0.01 andmu;g/rat) had no effect by itself,but its co-administration with scopolamine (4 andmu;g/rat) prevented the decreasing effect of scopolamine on inhibitory avoidance memory retention.Our data may indicate that muscarinic and NMDA receptors in the VTA may be involved in the mechanism(s) modulating inhibitory avoidance memory retention through the VTA dopaminergic projections. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
68 - Effects of α1- and α2-adrenoceptor agonist and antagonist in the dorsal hippocampus on cannabinoid state-dependent memory
اعظم مشفق پروین بابایی مرتضی پیری شهربانو عریان بهرام سلطانی محمدرضا زرین دستCannabinoids are a class of psychoactive compound that produce a wide range of effects in different number of species. The present study evaluated the possible role of andalpha;1- and andalpha;2-adrenergic receptors of the dorsal hippocampus on cannabinoid induced amnes MoreCannabinoids are a class of psychoactive compound that produce a wide range of effects in different number of species. The present study evaluated the possible role of andalpha;1- and andalpha;2-adrenergic receptors of the dorsal hippocampus on cannabinoid induced amnesia and cannabinoid state-dependent memory in adult male Wistar rats. The animals were bilaterally implanted with chronic cannulae in the CA1 regions of the dorsal hippocampus, trained in a step-down type inhibitory avoidance task, and tested 24h after training to measure step-down latency. Post-training intra-CA1 injection of cannabinoid receptors agonist, WIN55,212-2 (0.25 and 0.5 andmicro;g/rat) induced amnesia. Amnesia induced by post-training WIN55,212-2 (0.5 andmicro;g/rat) was restored by pre-test administration of the same dose of WIN55,212-2. Pre-test intra-CA1 injection of phenylephrine could not affect memory but clonidine improved memory impairment induced by WIN55,212-2. Furthermore, microinjection of phenylephrine or clonidine plus an ineffective dose of WIN55,212-2, synergistically restored amnesia induced by WIN55,212-2 . On the other hand, pre-test intra CA1 microinjection of prazosin or yohimbine 2 min before WIN55,212- inhibited pre-test WIN55,212-2 response. These results indicate that andalpha;-adrenergic receptors of the dorsal hippocampal CA1 regions may play an important role in cannabinoid-induced amnesia and cannabinoid state-dependent memory. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
69 - The Inhibition of State-Dependent Learning Induced By Scopolamine Via Blockade of Dorsal Hippocampal Beta1-Adrenergic Receptors in Rats
بهاره پاکپور مجید نوائیان مرتضی پیریAdrenergic and cholinergic systems of the brain play an important role in learning and memory. Previous studies indicate that scopolamine impair inhibitory avoidance memory and induce state-dependent learning. In the present study, the effects of andbeta;1-adrenoceptor MoreAdrenergic and cholinergic systems of the brain play an important role in learning and memory. Previous studies indicate that scopolamine impair inhibitory avoidance memory and induce state-dependent learning. In the present study, the effects of andbeta;1-adrenoceptor antagonist on scopolamine state-dependent learning were examined in rat dorsal hippocampus. In this experimental study 155 adult male rats were anaesthetized and cannulae implanted bilaterally in the CA1 regions of the dorsal hippocampus using stereotaxic method. Seven days after recovery from surgery, the behavioral testing was started in inhibitory avoidance task. In this study Scopolamine as muscarininc receptor antagonist and atenolol as andbeta;1-adrenergic receptor antagonist were used. Pre-training intra-CA1 injection of scopolamine (1.5 and 3 andmicro;g/rat) impaired inhibitory avoidance memory. Amnesia produced by pre-training scopolamine was reversed by pre-test administration of the same dose of scopolamine that is due to a state-dependent effect. Pre-test intra-CA1 injection of atenolol (0.09 andmu;g/rat) also impaired inhibitory avoidance memory.Furthermore, pre-test injection of atenolol (0.09 andmu;g/rat) 2 min before the administration of scopolamine inhibited scopolamine state-dependent memory.It can be concluded that the andbeta;1-adrenergic receptors of dorsal hippocampus may play animportant role in scopolamine state-dependent learning Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
70 - Cytotoxicity Effects of Ammi visnaga Extract on Hela and MCF7 Cancer Cell Line vvررررررررررررررر
هدیه پاک فطرت فرخنده نعمتی عبدالحسین شیرویThe discovery of new materials such as anti-microbial and anti-viral and anti-cancer known among plants or those who have recently been discovered can help to treat diseases. In this study, the cytotoxic effect of plant extracts Ammi visnaga extract on Hela and MCF7 cel MoreThe discovery of new materials such as anti-microbial and anti-viral and anti-cancer known among plants or those who have recently been discovered can help to treat diseases. In this study, the cytotoxic effect of plant extracts Ammi visnaga extract on Hela and MCF7 cell lines were analyzed. Different concentrations of ethanolic extract of the Ammi visnaga on cultured blood cells and cancer cell line for 72 hours were examined. The cytotoxicity was evaluated by MTT test. Results are reported as IC50. This study showed that different concentrations of Ammi visnaga extract have cytotoxic effect on Hela and MCF7 cell lines. The percentage of growth inhibition of Hela and MCF7 cells increasing whit whit increasing concentration of test compounds. IC50 value for Hela was 0.57 mg /ml, and for MCF7 was 2mg/ml. The results suggest that ethanolic extract of Ammi visnaga has inhibitory effect on cell growth of MCF7 and Hela cell lines. vv Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
71 - The Inhibition of State-Dependent Learning Induced By Scopolamine Via Blockade of Dorsal Hippocampal Beta1-Adrenergic Receptors in Rats
بهاره پاکپور مجید نوائیان مرتضی پیریAdrenergic and cholinergic systems of the brain play an important role in learning and memory. Previous studies indicate that scopolamine impair inhibitory avoidance memory and induce state-dependent learning. In the present study, the effects of andbeta;1-adrenoceptor MoreAdrenergic and cholinergic systems of the brain play an important role in learning and memory. Previous studies indicate that scopolamine impair inhibitory avoidance memory and induce state-dependent learning. In the present study, the effects of andbeta;1-adrenoceptor antagonist on scopolamine state-dependent learning were examined in rat dorsal hippocampus. In this experimental study 155 adult male rats were anaesthetized and cannulae implanted bilaterally in the CA1 regions of the dorsal hippocampus using stereotaxic method. Seven days after recovery from surgery, the behavioral testing was started in inhibitory avoidance task. In this study Scopolamine as muscarininc receptor antagonist and atenolol as andbeta;1-adrenergic receptor antagonist were used. Pre-training intra-CA1 injection of scopolamine (1.5 and 3 andmicro;g/rat) impaired inhibitory avoidance memory. Amnesia produced by pre-training scopolamine was reversed by pre-test administration of the same dose of scopolamine that is due to a state-dependent effect. Pre-test intra-CA1 injection of atenolol (0.09 andmu;g/rat) also impaired inhibitory avoidance memory.Furthermore, pre-test injection of atenolol (0.09 andmu;g/rat) 2 min before the administration of scopolamine inhibited scopolamine state-dependent memory.It can be concluded that the andbeta;1-adrenergic receptors of dorsal hippocampus may play animportant role in scopolamine state-dependent learning. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
72 - Investigating the effect of two weeks of Q10 supplementation on troponins I and T in male rats for its inhibitory activity
Moghgan gudarzi mania roozbayani vahid valipoor dehno Reza GoodarziPerforming intense exercise activities is associated with an increase in oxidizing substances in the body, which can cause damage to the heart tissue, and subsequently, the level of troponins I and T increases. In such cases, taking nutritional supplements such as coenz MorePerforming intense exercise activities is associated with an increase in oxidizing substances in the body, which can cause damage to the heart tissue, and subsequently, the level of troponins I and T increases. In such cases, taking nutritional supplements such as coenzyme Q10 can probably prevent these injuries. However, no comprehensive studies have been conducted regarding the effects of this food item on the indicators of heart damage following sports activities. For this purpose, 40 8-week-old male Wistar rats with an average weight of 239.48+6.7 grams were randomly divided into 4 groups: placebo, placebo + acute activity, supplement and supplement + acute activity. The supplement groups received 0.02 ml of Q10 supplement per day for two weeks by gavage. The acute activity groups also performed the activity of swimming in water until exhaustion after the completion of the supplemental period. 2 hours after the acute activity, blood samples were taken from the hearts of mice to measure troponin I and T proteins, and then plasma samples were prepared. One-way ANOVA test showed that troponin I and T increased significantly after exercise in both groups compared to before exercise (p=0.000). Also, the results showed that the consumption of Q10 causes a significant decrease in troponin I (p=0.000) and troponin T (p=0.019) compared to the placebo group in response to the inhibitory activity. Based on the results obtained from the present study, two-week supplementation of coenzyme Q10 may be able to reduce the damage caused to the rat's heart due to the activity of the inhibitor. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
73 - Effect of extraction of some medicinal plants to germination inhibitor on seeds of Alfalfa and Sainfoin for autumn sowing
Mehrab YadegariQuality of forage in rangelands dependent to time of beginning of growth, development and stress free. Today, secondary metabolites of medicinal plants can exploit to cause of delay in seed germination of plants. Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) and Sainfoin (Onobrychis vicifo MoreQuality of forage in rangelands dependent to time of beginning of growth, development and stress free. Today, secondary metabolites of medicinal plants can exploit to cause of delay in seed germination of plants. Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) and Sainfoin (Onobrychis vicifolia) have a specific role in forage production in Iran. This assay was carried out to delay of germination by using Thymus vulgaris, Achillea millefolium and Salvia officinalis extracts (0, 15, 30 and 45 gr.l-1 dried leaves) in laboratory condition. Experiments were carried out in completely randomized design with 4 replications. Results showed that water extracts had significant effect (P Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
74 - Effect of extraction of some medicinal plants to germination inhibitor on seeds of Alfalfa and Sainfoin for autumn sowing
Mehrab YadegariQuality of forage in rangelands dependent to time of beginning of growth, development and stress free. Today, secondary metabolites of medicinal plants can exploit to cause of delay in seed germination of plants. Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) and Sainfoin (Onobrychis vicifo MoreQuality of forage in rangelands dependent to time of beginning of growth, development and stress free. Today, secondary metabolites of medicinal plants can exploit to cause of delay in seed germination of plants. Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) and Sainfoin (Onobrychis vicifolia) have a specific role in forage production in Iran. This assay was carried out to delay of germination by using Thymus vulgaris, Achillea millefolium and Salvia officinalis extracts (0, 15, 30 and 45 gr.l-1 dried leaves) in laboratory condition. Experiments were carried out in completely randomized design with 4 replications. Results showed that water extracts had significant effect (P<0.01) on all measured traits except fresh and dried root weight. In alfalfa seeds, the highest seed vigour, germination percentage and seed germination rate were achieved in control treatment and the least of them were made by extractions of ThymeandSagewith45 gr.l-1. In Sainfoin seeds, the highest seed vigour, germination percentage and seed germination rate were made by control treatment and the least of them were made by extraction of Achillea with45 gr.l-1. Therefor in regions have spring chilling stress, for delay in germination of seeds of alfalfa can use extractions of ThymeandSagewith45 gr.l-1 and for Sainfoin seeds can consume of extraction of Achillea with45 gr.l-1. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
75 - Antifungal effects of some herbal extracts on Penicillium mould of citrus in laboratory conditions
Somayeh Gholchinno Behnam Pouzeshimiyab Sevil NematollahiLong time interval between harvesting and the consumption of citrus causes a lot of waste through fungal diseases, including citrus green mould, by Penicillium digitatum. One of the most recent methods to control post-harvest diseases is the use of plant extracts. This MoreLong time interval between harvesting and the consumption of citrus causes a lot of waste through fungal diseases, including citrus green mould, by Penicillium digitatum. One of the most recent methods to control post-harvest diseases is the use of plant extracts. This research was conducted on the antifungal activity of four herbs of Achillea millefolium, Allium schoenoprasum, Stachys lavandulifolia and Thymus vulgaris on citrus green mould in laboratory level. Plant extract was done using methanolic extracts. The inhibitory effect of extracts at concentration 250, 500, 750 and 1000 ppm on the mycelium growth and conidia germination of fungi was carried out in potato- dextrose- Agar culture medium. This experiment was studied in a completely randomized factorial model. The results showed that the effect of some herbal extracts on the percentage control of citrus greenmould was significantly different at .01 probability level, so that the extracts of Thyme and chive in concentrations of 1000 ppm had inhibitory growth of 100 and 28.06 percent respectively. Also, it was determined that, methanolic extracts of chive and thyme completely inhibited germination of P. digitatum conidia in concentration of 1000 ppm. The results of the study showed that the extracts of thyme and chive in respective concentration of 1000 ppm are good choices for studying the control of Penicillium mould in storage conditions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
76 - Antibacterial effect of lavender essential oils on Xanthomonas campestris and Escherichia coli
Maryam Rabani Roya Rezaeian-Doloei Mehdi Jabari-NoghabiUsing of natural products instead of chemicals and antibiotics to control bacterial pathogens is interest of researchers. The aim of this study was to determine antibacterial effects of lavenderessential oil against Xanthomonas campestris and Escherichia coli in laborat MoreUsing of natural products instead of chemicals and antibiotics to control bacterial pathogens is interest of researchers. The aim of this study was to determine antibacterial effects of lavenderessential oil against Xanthomonas campestris and Escherichia coli in laboratory condition. Chemical compounds of lavender essential oils were identified by GC-MS. Antibacterial activity of essential oils in comparison with gentamicin antibiotic was determined using agar diffusion method. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of lavenderessential oils was evaluated by macrobroth dilution method by preparing different concentrations of 0.004 to 4% in nutrient broth medium. The minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) was determined using culture method in nutrient agar medium. Zone of growth inhibition of X. campestris varied from 3.83 ± 0.35 to 18.7 ± 0.77 mm in concentration of 0.25 to 4% respectively and for E. coli in concentration 0.125 to 4 % from 4.5 ± 0.7 to 17.6 ± 0.9 mm. The MIC and MBC of lavenderessential oils against X. campestris equal of 1 and 2% and about E. coli equal to 0.125 and 0.25%, respectively. The most constitutive compounds of lavenderessential oils included of linalool (44.94%) and 1,8-cineol (21.5%). Lavender essential oils can be used as natural antimicrobial agents against pathogenic bacteria. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
77 - Germination of Alyssum homalocarpum affected by different seed dormancy breaking treatments
Ali Reza Ganjali Majed Ajorlo Abbas KhaksafidiThe seed of some medicinal plants has different kinds of dormancy which is due to ecological compatibility with a variety of environmental conditions. Therefore, identification of the effective ecophysiological factors affecting dormancy and creation of optimal conditio MoreThe seed of some medicinal plants has different kinds of dormancy which is due to ecological compatibility with a variety of environmental conditions. Therefore, identification of the effective ecophysiological factors affecting dormancy and creation of optimal conditions is essential for seed germination of medicinal plants for their cultivation and production. An experiment based on a completely randomized design with five treatments and four replications was conducted to evaluate the effect of different treatments on Alyssum homalocarpum seed germination. The treatments consisted of soaking seeds in potassium nitrate 0.2 and 0.1% for 48 hours, tap water for 24 hours, carbonyl diamide solution (urea) for 48 hours and distilled water (as control). The highest germination percentage (88%) and speed (0.92 seeds per day) of germination resulted from tap water treatment was available for 24 hours. Soaking seeds in water causes the reduction of mucilage formation around A. homalocarpum seed and significant increase of the germination percentage and speed. On the whole, seed dormancy in A. homalocarpum species is of physiological type which is due to the presence of inhibitor factors on the skin or in the embryo sac. Therefore, the most appropriate and effective treatment for breaking physiological seed dormancy in A. homalocarpum species was soaking the seeds in tap water for 24 hours. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
78 - The effect of Cuminum cyminum, acidity, temperature and inoculums’ level on the growth of Xanthomonas campestris
Nazanin Miri Roya Rezaeian-Doloei Reza Sadrabadi HaghighThe Xanthomonas genus is one of the most important groups of plant pathogenic bacteria that cause post-harvest spoilage. Substantial crop losses may result from the rapid spread of the bacteria under favorable conditions, lack of seed germination, seedling death and vas MoreThe Xanthomonas genus is one of the most important groups of plant pathogenic bacteria that cause post-harvest spoilage. Substantial crop losses may result from the rapid spread of the bacteria under favorable conditions, lack of seed germination, seedling death and vascular obstruction of plant. The aim of this study was to investigate the combined effects of different concentrations of Cuminum cyminum essential oil (EO; including 0, 0.2, 0.4 and 0.8%), three levels of acidity (5, 6 and 7), two inoculums’ level (103 and 105 CFU/ml) and two incubation temperatures (26 and 28˚C) on the growth of X. campestris in the nutrient broth medium in a completely randomized design with three replications. Growth was monitored by visible turbidity during a 30-day period. The minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration of EO against X. campestris was 1 and 2% respectively. According to the results, P-cuminaldehyde was the main component, with a content of 30.5%. The statistical analysis of data showed that the maximum time to detection of bacteria (19 days) in the concentrations of 0.8% EO, pH of 5, the inoculum level of 103 CFU/ml and incubation temperature of 26˚C and the minimum time to detection (16 hours) in the inoculums level of 105 CFU/ml, pH of 7, 28 ˚C and no EO was observed. In addition to the concentration of Cuminum cyminum EO as an antimicrobial agent, acidity of medium is also considered the factors influencing the growth of X. campestris. By decreasing the pH, the time-to-detection of bacteria was increased. In conclusion, using a combination of different factors can inhibit the growth of bacteria, significantly. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
79 - The inhibitory effect of mistletoe extract on the growth and sporulation of Aspergillus flavus in laboratory conditions
Siamak SalahiNearly 20 to 45 percent of the world's grains were exposed to mycotoxins produced by the fungus. Aspergillus flavus is one of the fungi that cause widespread contamination of crops and warehouse products. In this research, the antifungal activity of different extracts o MoreNearly 20 to 45 percent of the world's grains were exposed to mycotoxins produced by the fungus. Aspergillus flavus is one of the fungi that cause widespread contamination of crops and warehouse products. In this research, the antifungal activity of different extracts of the semi-parasitic mistletoe (Viscum album) plant on the growth and sporulation of Aspergillus flavus in laboratory conditions based on completely random design with three replications was evaluated. Various solvents including acetone, ethanol, methanol and water were used to extract mistletoe leaves and buds. Antifungal activity of the extracts was performed by diffusion method on the surface of agar. Each of the extracts including 0 (control), 2, 20, 200 and 2000 microliters per 20 milliliters were added to medium and colony growth and sporulation of fungi were evaluated. All experimental treatments showed a significant effect on mycelium growth and sporulation of Aspergillus flavus compared to control at 5% level. Methanol extract in 2000 microliters had the most effect on fungi growth and sporulation, and mistletoe water extract showed the least effect. Moreover, acetone extract in 2000 microliters, inhibited sporulation by 99 %. It can be concluded that the methanol extract of mistletoe can be a more effective antifungal agent to inhibit the growth and sporulation of Aspergillus flavus than other solvents Manuscript profile
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