Inhibitory effect of aqueous extracts of Capparis spinosa flower and Ficus carica leaf on Meloidogyne incognita, under laboratory condition

Subject Areas : دو فصلنامه تحقیقات بیماریهای گیاهی

Gh. Kiani ¹ (دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد نماتد‌شناسی، گروه گیاه‌پزشکی، دانشگاه یاسوج)
M. Abdollahi ² (دانشیار، گروه گیاهپزشکی، دانشگاه یاسوج)

Received: 2015-03-16 Accepted : 2015-03-16 Published : 2015-05-22

Keywords: Bio-nematicide, botanicals, inhibitory effect, Plant extract, control, Capparis spinosa, Ficus carica, Meloidogyne incognita, root-knot nematode,

Abstract :

In this experiment, the nematicidal effects of the aqueous extracts of Capparis spinosa flower and of Ficus carica leaf on root knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita, were evaluated. A 2x2 factorial experiment with two factors: 1- plant type (flower of Capparis spinosa and leaf of Ficus carica) 2- concentration of extracts (1%, 2%, 6% and 10% w/v for larval mortality test; 0.1%, 0.5% and 1% w/v for egg hatch test) in a completely randomized design, with four replicates was used. At the rate of 1%, leaf extract of F. carica and flower extract of C. spinosa caused respectively 99% and 96.5% egg hatch reduction while the percentage of hatched eggs in control treatment was 97%. In case of lethal effect of the tested plants against nematode larvae, when the larval mortality in control treatment was 2.75%, flower extract of C. spinosa at the rate of 2%, 6% and 10%, and the leaf extract of F. carica at the rate of 6% and 10%, caused more than 95% larval mortality.
 

References:

1. Abivardi C. 1971. Studies on the effects of 9 Iranian anti-helminthic plant extracts on the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita. Phytopathology71: 300–308.


2. Akhtar M. and Mahmood I. 1995. Control of root-knot nematode Meloidogyne javanica in tomato plants by seed coating with achook and neem oil". International Pest Control 37(30): 86–87.


3. Alam MM. 1985. A single method for “in vitro” screening for nematotoxicity. International Nematology Network Newsletter 2: 6.


4. Asmus RMF and Ferraz S. 1988. Antagonistic effects of some plant species, mainly legumes, on Meloidogyne javanica. Fitopatologia Brasileira 13: 20–24.


5. Calis I, Kuruzum A and Ruedi P. 1999. 1H-Indole-3-acetonitrile glycosides from Capparis spinosa fruits. Phytochemistry 50: 1205–1208.


6. Chitwood DJ. 2002. Phytochemical based strategies for nematode control. Annual Review of Phytopathology 40: 221–249.


7. D Addabbo T. 1995. The nematicidal effect of organic amendments: a review of the literature. Nematologia Mediterranea 23: 299–305.


8. Ghazalbash N and Abdollahi M. 2013a. Inhibition effect of Zataria multiflora and Ferulago angulata on tomato root knot nematode, Meloidogyne javanica, in greenhouse condition. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research 29(4): 842–853. (In Persian).


9. Ghazalbash N and Abdollahi M. 2013b. In vitro inhibition of root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne javanica by aqueous extract of Zataria multiflora and Ferulago angulata and some of their compounds. Research in Plant Pathology 1(3): 51–60. (In Persian).


10. Giraldo E, Viruel MA, Lopez- Corrales M and Hormoza JI. 2005. Characterization and Cross- species Transferability of Microsatellites in the fig (Ficus carica L.) Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology 80(2): 217.


11. Goff CC. 1936. Relative susceptibility of some annual ornamentals to root-knot. Bulletin 291, University of Florida Agricultural Experiment Station, Gainesville.


12. Goswami BK and Vijayalakshmi K. 1997. Studies on the effect of some plant and non-edible oil cakes extracts on larval hatching of Meloidogyne incognita. Journal of Research, Assam Agricultural University 8: 62–64.


13. Grewal PS. 1989. Nematicidal effects of some plant-extracts to Aphelenchoides composticola (Nematoda) infesting mushroom, Agaricus bisporus. Revue Nematology 12: 317–322.


14. Hussaini SS, Roa RVP and Pandu HK. 1997. Toxicity of water soluble leaf extract against larvae and egg masses of three Meloidogyne species. Indian Journal of Nematology 26: 23–31.


15. Hussey RS and Barker KR. 1973. A comparison of methods of collecting inocula of Meloidogyne spp., including a new technique. Plant Disease Reporter 57: 1025–1028.


16. Hussey RS and Janssen GJW. 2002. Root-knot nematodes: Meloidogyne Species. pp. 43-70. In J Starr, R Cook and J Bridge (eds). Plant Resistance to Parasitic Nematodes. Wallingford: CABI Publishing.


17. Jeapson SB. 1987. Identification of root-knot nematodes Meloidogyne species. Wallingford: CAB International. 265 pp.


18. Massaudi Z and Hadadi L. 2005. Morphological and chemical characterization of fourteen fig cultivars cultivated in Oulmes area, Morocco. Paper presented at: Third International Symposium on fig; 16-20 May; Vilamoura, Portugal.


19. Mousa EM, Mahdy ME and Younis Dalia M. 2011. Evaluation of some plant extracts to control root-knot nematode Meloidogyne spp. on tomato plants. Egyptian Journal of Agronematology 10(1): 1–4.


20. Natarajan N, Cork A, Boomathi N, Pandi R, Velavan G and Dhakshnamoorthy S. 2006. Cold aqueous extracts of African marigold, Tagetes erecta for control tomato root knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita. Crop Protection 25: 1210–1213.


21. Nelmes AJ. 1970. Behavioral responses of Heterodera rostochiensis larvae to aldicarb and its sulfoxide and sulfone. Journal of Nematology 2: 223–227.


22. Oka Y, Kaltai H, BarEyl M, More M, Sharon E, Chet I and Spiegel Y. 2000. New strategies for the control of plant parasitic nematodes. Pest Management Science 56: 983–988.


23. Perez PM, Navas-Crotes JA, Pascual-Villalobos MJ and Castillo P. 2003. Nematicidal activity of essential oils and organic amendment from Asteraceae against root knot nematodes. Plant Pathology 52: 395–401.


24. Poyan M. 1980. Atlas of South Khorasan. Dissemination of knowledge. 420 pp. (In Persian).


25. Rhode RA. 1960. Acetylcholinesterase in plant parasitic nematodes and an anti-cholinesterase from asparagus. Proceedings of the Helminthological Society of Washington 27: 121–127.


26. Sellami S and Mouffarrah A. 1994. Effect of some aqueous plant extracts on juvenile hatching and larval mortality against Meloidogyne incognita". Mededelingen Faculteit Landbouwkundige en Toegepaste Biologische Wetenschappen Universiteit Gent 59(2b): 813–816.


27. Shahcheraghi M. 1980. Inhibition of root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita by aqueous extract of Artemisia cina in tomato. [MSc.]. [Shiraz]: University of Shiraz.


28. Siddiqui MA and Alam MM. 2001. Neem allelopathy and the root-knot nematode. Integrated Pest Management Practitioner 23: 9–11.


29. Sikora RA and Fernandez E. 2005. Nematode parasites of vegetables. pp. 319 –392, In Luc M, Sikora RA and Bridge J (eds.), Plant Parasitic Nematodes in Subtropical and Tropical Agriculture. Wallingford: CAB International.


30. Sophia R and George K. 2003. Development and structure of drought-tolerant leaves of the Mediterranean shrub Capparis spinosa .L .Annals of Botany 92: 377–383.


31. Tsay T, Wu S and Lin Y. 2004. Evaluation of Asteraceae Plants for Control of Meloidogyne incognita. Journal of Nematology 36: 36–41.


32. Walia KK and Gupta DC. 1995. Neem an effective biocide against Meloidogyne javanica attacking vegetable crops. Plants Diseases Research. 10: 59–61.


33. Zasada IA, Ferris H and Zheng L. 2002. Plant sources of chinese herbal remedies: laboratory efficacy, suppression of Meloidogyne javanica in soil, and phytotoxicity assays. Nematology 34: 124–129.


34. Zuckerman BM and Esnard J. 1994. Biological control of plant nematodes, current status and hypothesis. Japanese Journal of Nematology 24: 1-13.