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Open Access Article
1 - Investigation of the situation of formal problem finding and the level of public policy performance in the Ministry of Cooperatives, Labour and Social Welfare
mahdiEH sHEIKHPOUR سنجر SalajegheBackground:public problems are the inputs of the process of public policy that may have a strong effect on the performance of organizations in some ways, and Implementation is one of the major steps in the process of public policy making. Objectives:Investigation of the MoreBackground:public problems are the inputs of the process of public policy that may have a strong effect on the performance of organizations in some ways, and Implementation is one of the major steps in the process of public policy making. Objectives:Investigation of the situation of formal problem finding and the level of public policy performance in the Ministry of Cooperatives, Labour and Social Welfare. Methods:The population of this study is all the employees of this ministry. cluster sampling was first used and then random sampling by using Cochran formula, 510 people were selected. Data collection was done through a questionnaire and the analysis of data was done by means of SPSS and Amos software. Findigs:The findings showed that the situation of these two processes of official problem finding is higher than the average level and the level of performing public policies is lower and unsatisfactory. Also, in the direct finding problem, finding problem through overtaking other countries and in the indirect finding problem, finding problem through employees had the highest rate. Conclusion:The results showed the high number of problems in this field, and most of public policies of this ministry have been performing incompletely resulted in major problem. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - The way of highlighting the most important social issues in Iran in the news of Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting (case study: 20:30 News Section)
ARDASHIR ZABOLIZADA Javad Sadeghi Mehrdad Hajivand DastgerdiMedia have an essential role in highlighting the most important social issues, albeit they are not able to address all of them. The main aim of the research which was conducted through quantitative content analysis is to examine the way of highlighting the most importan MoreMedia have an essential role in highlighting the most important social issues, albeit they are not able to address all of them. The main aim of the research which was conducted through quantitative content analysis is to examine the way of highlighting the most important social issues of Iran including job-related issues, urban issues, marriage-related issues, educational issues, environmental issues, drug-related issues, sexual issues, crimes, poverty and inequality derived from previous researches in 20:30 News Section of IRIB TV2 in the period from October 2016 to March 2017. The findings of the research indicate that the aforementioned news section had a poor performance in highlighting the mentioned social issues. As of 1202 news examined in the news section, only 313 news which were accounted as 26 percent of the total news addressed the issues. Based on the findings and in terms of news arrangements, from the 313 selected news related to the issues, 93 news were placed in the first priority and 97 news were hold in the second priority of the news section. Moreover, through scrutinizing the news the crimes-related issues with 29.7 percent, environmental issues with 22 percent, job-related issues with 14.7 percent and the issues related to poverty and inequality with 13.4 percent had been highlighted more than the other issues. And also, the least addressed and highlighted issue comes to sexual issues. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - The most important issues of virtual social networks
hooman alvandi Shahnaz Hashemi Afsaneh MozaffariThe purpose of this article is to extract the most important social, economic and political effects of the future developments of virtual social networks and classify them in terms of importance and uncertainty in the future. For this purpose, futures research centers, MoreThe purpose of this article is to extract the most important social, economic and political effects of the future developments of virtual social networks and classify them in terms of importance and uncertainty in the future. For this purpose, futures research centers, articles, dissertations, interviews and the Telegram network were the most important sources on the subject. Therefore, the most important political, social and economic effects of virtual social networks on the horizon of 1404 in Iran were collected through quantitative and qualitative methods and fish-taking tools. The theoretical framework for counting works based on the depiction of web developments until 2025 has been the Trend One Center. Findings show that the most important issues of virtual social networks in the horizon of 1404 Iran are as follows: in the political field, issues such as the amount of more political demands - the formation of virtual political gatherings - disclosure and information about secret and subcutaneous relations; In the social sphere, the emergence of new relationships between the sexes, the emergence of digital identity, the growth of digital entertainment will be among the main issues ahead, and in the economic sphere, issues such as the growth of digital entrepreneurship and job opportunities, creating false customer needs, increasing Internet commerce. And creating a competitive environment is one of the most important issues identified. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Solving Urban Problems by Means of Fuzzy Systems
farah habib Dr Ali ShokoohiThe study of complex systems is bringing new vitality to many areas of science where a more typical reductionism strategy has fallen short. Complexity expresses a condition of numerous elements in a system and numerous forms of relationships among the elements. In this MoreThe study of complex systems is bringing new vitality to many areas of science where a more typical reductionism strategy has fallen short. Complexity expresses a condition of numerous elements in a system and numerous forms of relationships among the elements. In this regard, urban systems are complex and finding their elements and relationships is a wicked problem. The search for scientific bases for confronting these problems is bound to fail, because of their aggressive nature. The kinds of problems that urban planners deal with, societal problems are inherently different from the problems that scientists and perhaps some classes of engineers deal with. Planning problems are inherently wicked. As distinguished from problems in the natural sciences, which are definable and separable and may have solutions that are findable, the problems of urban planning are ill-defined; and they rely upon elusive political judgment for resolution. But nowadays, scientists are seeking non-linear coupling rules for resolute complex systems problems. In these endeavors, fuzzy systems are an alternative to traditional notions of logic that can cope with complexity of systems. Fuzzy systems provide a rich and meaningful addition to standard logic. Utilizing fuzzy systems in an urban environment raises the likelihood of encountering difficult stability problems. This paper aims to follow the بررسی امکان بکارگیری نظریه فازی در تحلیل مسائل پیچیده شهرapplication of fuzzy systems in the analysis of urban complex problems; In the first part of the paper, authors review definition of urban problem with system approach.مسأله، مانعی است که دستیابی به اهداف دلخواه را با دشواری مواجه می‏سازد. A problem is an issue or obstacle which makes it difficult to achieve a desired goal or purpose. It refers to a situation or issue that is yet unresolved. In a broad sense, a problem exists when an individual becomes aware of a significant difference between what actually is and what is desired. In urban studies an urban problem is difference between an observed condition and a desired condition in a city. Thus urban planning is identifying the actions that might effectively narrow the gap between what-is and what-ought-to-be in a city. (حبیب a 1383)….. For eliminate or reduce the distance between the existing and desired conditions, it is necessary to recognize of complex system constructive elements and the interrelationships between them. برای حذف یا کاهش فاصله میان وضع موجود و وضع مطلوب لازم است که عوامل و عناصر سازنده سیستم پیچیده شهر و روابط میان آنها مورد شناسایی قرار گیرد. بنابراین مسأله شهری، در واقع یافتن اجزا و عناصر سازنده یک پدیده شهری و نحوه پیوند و عملکرد آنهاست. Therefore, urban problem, is finding elements of the urban system and relationships between them. This study is concerned with proposing of a fuzzy system driven approach for solving urban problems and introduces a new model for solving urban problems with fuzzy systems principles. In this model, expert knowledge of urban field converts to fuzzy "If-Then" rules at the first. Then a Fuzzy Urban Decision Engine (FUDE) that connected to a rules database, return a fuzzy solution for a wicked problem. The findings indicate that the fuzzy system methods are powerful processes and analytic tools for helping planners to resolve urban complex problems. These tools can be successful where as others have failed because both incorporate or address uncertainty and risk; complexity; systems interacting with other systems; competing points of view and values; different people knowing different parts of the urban problem; and inter organizational politics. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Zernike radial polynomials method for solving nonlinear singular boundary value problems arising in physiology
M.A. Ebadi E.S. Hashemizadeh A.H. Refahi SheikhaniThe aim of this paper is to provide a new numerical method for solving nonlinear singular differential equations that arise in biology problem. These kind of problems appear in various biology problems like oxygen diffusion in red blood cells, distribution of heat sourc MoreThe aim of this paper is to provide a new numerical method for solving nonlinear singular differential equations that arise in biology problem. These kind of problems appear in various biology problems like oxygen diffusion in red blood cells, distribution of heat source in human head and cancer tumor growth and etc. In this paper this equations are solved by a new numerical method by using Zernike radial polynomials. In the proposed method for the first time the operational matrix of derivative for Zernike radial polynomials is derived and by using this operational matrices of derivative of Zernike radial functions the differential equation convert to a system of algebraic equations that can be solved easily. The implementation of this proposed method is simple and attractive. Finally some applied models are presented to compare the results by other method results, and they show the accuracy and efficiency of the presented method. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Augmented Lagrangian method for solving absolute value equation and its application in two-point boundary value problems
H. Moosaei S. Ketabchi M. T. FooladiOne of the most important topic that consider in recent years by researcher is absolute value equation (AVE). The absolute value equation seems to be a useful tool in optimization since it subsumes the linear complementarity problem and thus also linear programming and MoreOne of the most important topic that consider in recent years by researcher is absolute value equation (AVE). The absolute value equation seems to be a useful tool in optimization since it subsumes the linear complementarity problem and thus also linear programming and convex quadratic programming. This paper introduce a new method for solving absolute value equation. To do this, we transform absolute value equation to linear system and then demonstrate efficient augmented Lagrangian method to solve the linear system. Also this paper is considered a class of two-point boundary value problems and introduced a new method to solve them. In this paper is shown that this class of problems is equivalent to absolute value equation. To illustrate the feasibility and effectiveness our method we generate random problems and solve them also solve a class of two-point boundary value problems. In section numerical results, we consider the efficiency of the proposed method. Computational results show that convergence to high accuracy often occurs in short time. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - A new symmetric two-step P-stable Obrechkoff method with 12 algebraic order for the numerical solution of second-order IVPs
ali shokri abbas-ali shokri Mohammad Mehdizadeh Khalsarei firoz pashaieA new two-step implicit P-stable Obrechkoff of twelfth algebraic order with vanished phase-lag and its first, second and third derivatives is constructed in this paper. The purpose of this paper is to develop an efficient algorithm for the approximate solution of the se MoreA new two-step implicit P-stable Obrechkoff of twelfth algebraic order with vanished phase-lag and its first, second and third derivatives is constructed in this paper. The purpose of this paper is to develop an efficient algorithm for the approximate solution of the second order iniitial value problems that have oscillatory or periodic solutions. This algorithm belongs in the category of the multistep and multiderivative methods. The advantage of the new methods in comparison with similar methods, in terms of efficiency, accuracy and stability, have been showed by the implementation of them in some important problems, including the undamped Duffing equation, etc. -------------- A new two-step implicit P-stable Obrechkoff of twelfth algebraic order with vanished phase-lag and its first, second and third derivatives is constructed in this paper. The purpose of this paper is to develop an efficient algorithm for the approximate solution of the second order iniitial value problems that have oscillatory or periodic solutions. This algorithm belongs in the category of the multistep and multiderivative methods. The advantage of the new methods in comparison with similar methods, in terms of efficiency, accuracy and stability, have been showed by the implementation of them in some important problems, including the undamped Duffing equation, etc. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Existence of at least three weak solutions for a quasilinear elliptic system
Saeed. shokouhIn this paper, applying two theorems of Ricceri and Bonanno, we will establish the existence of three weak solutions for a quasilinear elliptic system. Indeed, we will assign a differentiable nonlinear operator to a differential equation system such that the critical po MoreIn this paper, applying two theorems of Ricceri and Bonanno, we will establish the existence of three weak solutions for a quasilinear elliptic system. Indeed, we will assign a differentiable nonlinear operator to a differential equation system such that the critical points of this operator are weak solutions of the system. In this paper, applying two theorems of Ricceri and Bonanno, we will establish the existence of three weak solutions for a quasilinear elliptic system. Indeed, we will assign a differentiable nonlinear operator to a differential equation system such that the critical points of this operator are weak solutions of the system. In this paper, applying two theorems of Ricceri and Bonanno, we will establish the existence of three weak solutions for a quasilinear elliptic system. Indeed, we will assign a differentiable nonlinear operator to a differential equation system such that the critical points of this operator are weak solutions of the system. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Investigating the Effectiveness of Brain-compatible Teaching model with Mathematics Reading Comprehension Strategy (SQRQCQ) on Correcting Students’ Computational Errors in Solving Verbal Problems
مریم السادات وزیری هامانه فرهاد حسین زاده لطفی علی ایرانمنش مهدی آژینی احمد شاهورانیThis study aimed at investigating the effectiveness of brain-compatible teaching model with mathematics reading comprehension strategy on correcting third grade students’ computational errors in solving verbal problems. In this study, quasi-experimental research m MoreThis study aimed at investigating the effectiveness of brain-compatible teaching model with mathematics reading comprehension strategy on correcting third grade students’ computational errors in solving verbal problems. In this study, quasi-experimental research method was used. A verbal question test was used as the research instrument in the study. The sample included 65 third grade female students from non-public schools that were assigned into two groups of control and experimental. The results obtained from Wilcoxon test indicated that the brain-compatible teaching model with mathematics reading comprehension strategy was effective on the third grade students’ correction of computational errors in solving verbal problems. Therefore, it can be concluded that considering and using the brain-compatible learning activities can enhance students’ educational success and motivate them to learn Mathematics. This was abstrac of this article whit Investigating the Effectiveness of Brain-compatible Teaching model with Mathematics Reading Comprehension Strategy (SQRQCQ) on Correcting Students’ Computational Errors in Solving Verbal Problems title. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - A novel approach in applying homotopy analysis method
Mojtaba GhanbariOne of the most important methods for solving linear and nonlinear problems is the homotopic analysis method, which was proposed by Liao in 1992. The main purpose of this paper is to present a modification of homotopy analysis method (HAM), which is called successive ho MoreOne of the most important methods for solving linear and nonlinear problems is the homotopic analysis method, which was proposed by Liao in 1992. The main purpose of this paper is to present a modification of homotopy analysis method (HAM), which is called successive homotopy analysis method (SHAM). Several numerical examples are presented to present a comparison between the results obtained by homotopy analysis method and its successive type. The results show that the calculation volume in the successive homotopy analysis method is less that the homotopy analysis method. Also, unlike the homotopy analysis method, the numerical solutions obtained by the successive homotopy analysis method are satisfactory over a relatively wide range. So, by using the successive homotopy analysis method, various types of linear and nonlinear mathematical equations and also some nonlinear equations which are obtained in other scientific branches, for instance physics, mechanics and etc, can be solved numerically. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - A bi-level linear programming problem for computing the nadir point in MOLP
J. Vakili H. DehghaniComputing the exact ideal and nadir criterion values is a very ‎important subject in ‎multi-‎objective linear programming (MOLP) ‎problems‎‎. In fact‎, ‎these values define the ideal and nadir points as lower and ‎upper bounds on the MoreComputing the exact ideal and nadir criterion values is a very ‎important subject in ‎multi-‎objective linear programming (MOLP) ‎problems‎‎. In fact‎, ‎these values define the ideal and nadir points as lower and ‎upper bounds on the nondominated points‎. ‎Whereas determining the ‎ideal point is an easy work‎, ‎because it is equivalent to optimize a ‎convex function (linear function) over a convex set which is a convex optimization problem‎, ‎but the problem of computing ‎the nadir point in MOLP is equivalent to solving a nonconvex optimization‎problem whose solving is very hard in the general case‎. ‎‎In this paper‎, ‎a bi-level linear programming problem is presented for obtaining the nadirpoint in MOLP problems which can be used in general to optimize a ‎linear function on the nondominated set‎, ‎as well‎. Then‎, ‎as one of the solution methods of this problem‎, ‎a‎mixed-integer linear programming problem is presented which obtains ‎the exact nadir values in one stage‎. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - An Imperialist Competitive Algorithm and a Mixed Integer Programming Formulation for the Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem
M. YousefikhoshbakhtThe Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP), a famous problem of operation research, holds a central place in combinatorial optimization problems. In this problem, a fleet vehicles with Q capacity start to move from depot and return after servicing to customers in which visit onl MoreThe Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP), a famous problem of operation research, holds a central place in combinatorial optimization problems. In this problem, a fleet vehicles with Q capacity start to move from depot and return after servicing to customers in which visit only ones each customer and load more than its capacity not at all. The objective is to minimize the number of used vehicles and total distance traversed. This paper presents an application of Imperialist Competitive Algorithm (ICA)) in VRP. Unlike other evolutionary optimization algorithms, ICA is inspired from a socio political process, the competition among imperialists and colonies. Comparison between this method and famous meta-heuristic algorithms shows the effectiveness of the proposed approach. Computational experience with two groups of instances involving from 50 to 200 confirms that proposed algorithm is competitive in compared to the famous meta-heuristic algorithms in terms of the quality of generated solutions. In addition, this algorithm finds closely the best known solutions (BKS) for most of the instances. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - An optimal analytical method for nonlinear boundary value problems based on method of variation of parameter
R. Darzi B. AgheliIn this paper, the authors present a modified convergent analytic algorithm for the solution of nonlinear boundary value problems by means of a variable parameter method and briefly, the method is called optimal variable parameter method. This method, based on the embed MoreIn this paper, the authors present a modified convergent analytic algorithm for the solution of nonlinear boundary value problems by means of a variable parameter method and briefly, the method is called optimal variable parameter method. This method, based on the embedding of a parameter and an auxiliary operator, provides a computational advantage for the convergence of the approximate solutions of nonlinear differential equations. The developed convergence has been shown and its details are discussed. Additionally, a convenient method is considered for selecting an optimal value of the auxiliary parameter, via minimizing the residual error over the domain of problem. The effectiveness of the method and the accuracy of the proposed algorithm are illustrated by the implementation of physical problems such as Sturm-Liouville problem, Airy equation, and Quantum mechanical harmonic oscillator problem. The numerical results and obtained demonstrate clearly reflect the accuracy of the method and its convergence. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - New operational matrix for solving a class of optimal control problems with Jumarie’s modified Riemann-Liouville fractional derivative
M. alipour P. allahgholiIn this paper, we apply spectral method based on the Bernstein polynomials for solving a class of optimal control problems with Jumarie’s modified Riemann-Liouville fractional derivative. In the first step, we introduce the dual basis and operational matrix of pro MoreIn this paper, we apply spectral method based on the Bernstein polynomials for solving a class of optimal control problems with Jumarie’s modified Riemann-Liouville fractional derivative. In the first step, we introduce the dual basis and operational matrix of product based on the Bernstein basis. Then, we get the Bernstein operational matrix for the Jumarie’s modified Riemann-Liouville fractional derivative, which has not been undertaken before. By using the function approximations based on the Bernstein basis and mentioned operational matrices, the optimal control problems with Jumarie’s modified Riemann-Liouville fractional derivative is reduced to a system of algebraic equations that easily solvable by Newton’s iteration method. We apply the proposed method for solving two examples. The numerical results show that present method is simple in implementation and the approximate solutions are in high accuracy. Some comparisons with other method guarantee that the results are reasonable. Also, the obtained solutions approach to classical solutions as the order of the fractional derivatives approach to 1, as expected. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - A conjugate gradient based method for Decision Neural Network training
M. Nadershahi A. D. Safi Samghabadi R. Tavakkoli-MoghaddamDecision Neural Network is a new approach for solving multi-objective decision-making problems based on artificial neural networks. Using inaccurate evaluation data, network training has improved and the number of educational data sets has decreased. The available trai MoreDecision Neural Network is a new approach for solving multi-objective decision-making problems based on artificial neural networks. Using inaccurate evaluation data, network training has improved and the number of educational data sets has decreased. The available training method is based on the gradient decent method (BP). One of its limitations is related to its convergence speed. Therefore, decision makers can simply guess the necessary data. In this paper, for increasing the Decision Neural Network training efficiency, a conjugate gradient based method has developed for network training. The key point in decision neural network training is to keep the same structures and parameters of the two sub network (multilayer perceptron) through training process. The efficiency of the proposed method is evaluated by estimating linear and nonlinear utility function of multi-objective decision problems. The results of the proposed method are compared with previous existing method and show that in the proposed method, convergence is faster than previous methods and the results are more favorable. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - An Effective Algorithm in order to solve the Capacitated Clustering Problem
N. Mahmoodi Darani P. Bassiri M. YousefikhoshbakhtThe capacitated clustering problem (CCP) is a data mining technique utilized to categorize a number of objects with known demands into k distinct clusters such that the capacity of each cluster is not violated, every object is allocated to exactly one cluster and sum of MoreThe capacitated clustering problem (CCP) is a data mining technique utilized to categorize a number of objects with known demands into k distinct clusters such that the capacity of each cluster is not violated, every object is allocated to exactly one cluster and sum of distances from all cluster centers to all other nodes is minimized. The CCP is an NP-hard combinatorial optimization problem. Therefore, practical large-scale instances of this problem cannot be solved by exact solution methodologies within acceptable computational time. Our interest was therefore focused on meta-heuristic solution approaches. For this reason, a modified imperialist competitive algorithm (MICA) is proposed for the CCP In this paper. The proposed MICA iterates steps between three basic phases, i.e., the random assignment phase to form clusters, the seed relocation phase to find a better median, and the local improvement phase to make a revision of the solution. The proposed algorithm is tested on several standard instances available from the literature. The computational results confirm the effectiveness of the presented algorithm and show that the proposed algorithm is competitive with other meta-heuristic algorithms for solving the CCP. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - A Compromise Decision-Making Model Based on TOPSIS and VIKOR for Multi-Objective Large- Scale Nonlinear Programming Problems with A Block Angular Structure under Fuzzy Environment
B. Vahdani M. Salimi T. AllahviranlooThis paper proposes a compromise model, based on a new method, to solve the multiobjectivelarge scale linear programming (MOLSLP) problems with block angular structureinvolving fuzzy parameters. The problem involves fuzzy parameters in the objectivefunctions and constra MoreThis paper proposes a compromise model, based on a new method, to solve the multiobjectivelarge scale linear programming (MOLSLP) problems with block angular structureinvolving fuzzy parameters. The problem involves fuzzy parameters in the objectivefunctions and constraints. In this compromise programming method, two concepts areconsidered simultaneously. First of them is that the optimal alternative is closer to fuzzypositive ideal solution (FPIS) and farther from fuzzy negative ideal solution (FNIS). Secondof them is that the proposed method provides a maximum ‘‘group utility’’ for the‘‘majority’’ and a minimum of an individual regret for the ‘‘opponent’’. In proposedmethod, the decomposition algorithm is utilized to reduce the large-dimensional objectivespace. A multi objective identical crisp linear programming derived from the fuzzy linearmodel for solving the problem. Then, a compromise solution method is applied to solve eachsub problem based on TOPSIS and VIKOR simultaneously. Finally, to illustrate theproposed method, an illustrative example is provided. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - providing a comprehensive and desirable management model in order to organizing labor and street's children. (Case study: Tehran)
Mahdieh Soleimani Ebrahim HajianiIntroduction and purpose of the research:In this article, a desirable managerial model for systematizing Tehran's labor and street children is presented. In recent years, the issue of systematizing labor and street children is one of the issues that attracted attention MoreIntroduction and purpose of the research:In this article, a desirable managerial model for systematizing Tehran's labor and street children is presented. In recent years, the issue of systematizing labor and street children is one of the issues that attracted attention of many organizations which work in social areas. In this study, strength and weak points of organizations that are active in this area are examined and it is tried to rightly share responsibility among different organizations regarding their potentials. To achieve this objective, in the first place, concepts such as social welfare, social policy and … are reviewed, then, different organizations' current activities are stated. After that, existing laws are taken into consideration and at the end, a theoretical framework based on comparative studies of successful samples is designed. The design of this framework is based on comprehensive strategic management pattern and matrix approach and includes three main steps: policy- making, implementation and supervision and control. The duty of every organization in every single step is defined. Methodology:For validating the findings, the researcher interviewed with randomly chosen managers, experts and social workers in counseling organizations who worked in Tehran and all were expert at systematizing street and labor children. In the first phase which its aim was identifying working methods, 15 participants were chosen by Non probabilistic sampling and in the second phase which its goal was confirming working methods, 31 participants were randomly chosen. Findings: Based on the results, planning and supervision by mean of 2.68 and after that, leaving the issue (systematizing street and labor children) to NGOs by mean of 2.55 were ranked as the first and second elements in order of their importance respectively. These elements are the most important ones for desirable management and systematizing Tehran's street and labor children. Conclusion:Based on these findings, suggestions were made with the intention of improving current organization of child labor.also a model with regards to division of labor based on starategic management and matrix approach was proposed which includes three major stages (policy making, implimentation and supervison).in each of these stages, missions and roles of interrelated organizations was presented. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - Constructing social issues in risky conditions: analysis of the comments under the posts related to the corona of rulers on Instagram
Abbasali shekardoost Hamed sajadi MohammadBagher Akhondi As one of the most influential events of the current century, the spread of the Corona epidemic, inaddition to the health field, involved all aspects of contemporary human life. In fact, this epidemic put the societyin a risky situation that was unprecedented. The More As one of the most influential events of the current century, the spread of the Corona epidemic, inaddition to the health field, involved all aspects of contemporary human life. In fact, this epidemic put the societyin a risky situation that was unprecedented. The purpose of this research is to understand the construction ofsocial issues related to the Corona epidemic under the posts of social pages of Iranian rulers on Instagram.Based on this, the present research analyzed the opinions of users under the content related to the corona of therulers using a qualitative method with the traditional content analysis approach. The sample of the research wasselected in a targeted manner to the number of eight Iranian rulers who were most related to the Corona crisis,and the data analysis continued until theoretical saturation was achieved. The findings of the research showedthat social issues related to Corona can be classified under the sub-categories of confusion in finding the cause,indeterminacy of the risk, spreading the limitlessness of the risk from illness to life, doubting the authority of theinstitution of power and governance, doubting the authority of the institution of religion, doubting the authorityThe health and treatment institute and classified two main themes "infinity of risk and confusion caused by it"and "doubt in institutional authority and legitimacy" which shows the centrality of the components related torisky society in the construction of social issues by the society. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - The analysis of basic problems in scientific socialization in Iran universities
Alireza Mohseni Tabrizi Mahmoud Ghazi Tabatabai Seyed Hadi Marjaie -
Open Access Article
21 - Assess the social challenges arising from the drought crisis on sustainable rural development: Case Study: Miandeh parts Shabiikuh district, city of Fasa
جمیله توکلی نیا محمدرضا پاک نهاد حسین رئیسی پرویز آقاییThe research method is descriptive - analytical and data collection and survey documents. Sampling has been done in two levels, firstly in terms of region which is the unit for analyzing rural areas and it includes Miandeh, Nasir-Abad, Rahim-Abad, and Sade; secondly the MoreThe research method is descriptive - analytical and data collection and survey documents. Sampling has been done in two levels, firstly in terms of region which is the unit for analyzing rural areas and it includes Miandeh, Nasir-Abad, Rahim-Abad, and Sade; secondly there are the sample villages which are the unit for analyzing the residents in the rural areas. It is based on the last consensus in 1390 which totaled 2101 household. In the present study, for defining the suitable sample, Kukran formula has been applied, and the right sample for this population equals 325 household. In analyzing the data, social challenges arising from the drought crisis includes five factors, namely general societal impacts, security, quality of life, education, health and well-being. The whole set of social challenges is there to explain 57.190 of total variance of the social challenges of rural villages in Miandeh .schools are discussed. The results of the present study sheds light on the necessity of paying attention to social aspect and its vulnerability when drought occurs because, not paying attention to this aspect at the time of drought leads to critical challenges in development. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
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مجید عباسپور پروین فرشچی سید مسعود منوری ماریا محمدی زاده -
Open Access Article
23 - یک روش صریح تک گامی برای حل عددی مسائل کنترل بهینه
موسی عبادی اسفند ملیح ملکی احمدرضا حقیقی علی عبادیاندر این پژوهش، روش پیشرو-پسرو جاروب، برای حل مسائل کنترل بهینه به کار برده شده و یک روش هیبریدی بر اساس روش های صریح رانگ – کوتا از مرتبه 4و5 برای تقریب عددی مسائل کنترل بهینه پیشنهاد شده است. همگرایی روش اثبات گردیده است و دقت این روش برای حل مسائل کنترل بهینه، از Moreدر این پژوهش، روش پیشرو-پسرو جاروب، برای حل مسائل کنترل بهینه به کار برده شده و یک روش هیبریدی بر اساس روش های صریح رانگ – کوتا از مرتبه 4و5 برای تقریب عددی مسائل کنترل بهینه پیشنهاد شده است. همگرایی روش اثبات گردیده است و دقت این روش برای حل مسائل کنترل بهینه، از هردو روش رانگ – کوتای مرتبه 4و5 بیشتراست. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - Evaluation of Environmental Efficiency and Shadow Price of Pollutants Determination in Khuzestan Province Meat Livestock
Habib Shahbazi Zahra GheitasiBackground and Objective: The growing environmental problem and then Added cost which create diverse environmental activities, led scientists to modify their efficiency and productivity models with well-liked products and undesirable products effects. Emissions of green MoreBackground and Objective: The growing environmental problem and then Added cost which create diverse environmental activities, led scientists to modify their efficiency and productivity models with well-liked products and undesirable products effects. Emissions of greenhouse gases from various sources, especially from agriculture sector, are one of the main causes of environmental pollution.Material and Methodology: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the environmental effecuency and determination of the shadow price of pollutants for meat dairy in Khuzestan province. In this study, 60 samples and a random fronteier production function model have been used by frontier functions using the maximum likelihood method and the FRONTIER econometric software.Findings: Results indicate that the technical efficiency of the meat livestock units of the province is 0.99 which could indicate that meat livestock units have relatively high technical efficiency. Also, the results of environmental efficiency of Khuzestan province meat livestock units have shown that the average environmental efficiency is 0.29. In fact, this level of environmental efficiency shows that meat livestock units in Khuzestan province have relatively low environmental performance.Discussion and Conclusion: In order to prevent inaccurate decisions in the field of management and development of economic activities without concern for environmental issues, planner, policymaker and investors, in addition of technical effciency, should use enviromental efficency as developing criteria of their acivites. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - Studying the Method of Upcycling of Landfills of Joan Valley Landscape (Garaf)
keyvan kiani mehdi khakzandNowadays, one of the urban problems is proper waste management with minimal damage to the environment. Landfills are one of the most common waste management solutions in the world. However, according to studies conducted by researchers, the useful life of these sites is MoreNowadays, one of the urban problems is proper waste management with minimal damage to the environment. Landfills are one of the most common waste management solutions in the world. However, according to studies conducted by researchers, the useful life of these sites is between 25 and 30. In recent decades, the revitalization of these sites has attracted worldwide attention, and we are witnessing many successful projects around the world. Unfortunately, the landfill policy in Iran is still neglected. The purpose of this article is to learn from the experiences of projects carried out worldwide in order to use these experiences in the management of Iranian cities by selecting the landfill of the Xuan Valley (Garaf) as a case study and a successful project (selected 8 architectural competitions worldwide), This project has been reviewed and analyzed by reviewing the texts and interviewing the project design company. At the beginning, using the measures and strategies adopted in this project, according to the existing challenges of the site and high-level policies, the strengths and weaknesses of the project have been expertly analyzed, and finally, important factors in the project's approach to modeling have been explained. Similar projects have been discussed with regard to the current problems of Tehran in the development of landfills and the use of other cities in Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - A COMPARISON OF SOCIAL THEMES IN THE POETRY OF PARVIN ETESAMI AND AHMAD SAFI AL-NAJAFI
Ramezan RezaeiIn the past century of the contemporary world, some nations have had similar destinations and thus similar social issues. Advocating society has been a major trend in poetry and many contemporary Iranian and Iraqi poets have been under the impacts of soci MoreIn the past century of the contemporary world, some nations have had similar destinations and thus similar social issues. Advocating society has been a major trend in poetry and many contemporary Iranian and Iraqi poets have been under the impacts of social movements and thus have reflected these issues in their poetry. The present article studies and compares the social issues reflected in the works of two contemporary poets namely Parvin Etesamiand Ahmad Aafi Al-Najafi. Despite all the differences they have due to being of different genders, they have discussed themes like patriotism, liberalism, defending the poor andfighting oppression. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - بررسی اثر تراکم بر تابآوری مناطق شهری (نمونه موردی محلات ناحیه یک منطقه چهارده شهر تهران)
هوشنگ هندی ناصر اقبالی رحیم سرور زهرا پیشگاهی فرد -
Open Access Article
28 - Reflection of Social Issues in Logbooks of the Qajar Period
Sedigheh Pourkhosh Saadat Ali Mohammad Moazeni Thoraleh Norouzi DaoodkhaniLogbook is a useful tool which provides relevant information to know various aspects of the history and culture of the people of an area. In the present research, four logbooks of “Mirza Fattah Khan, Haj Sayyah, Haji Pirzadeh and Etemad-ol-Saltaneh” have bee MoreLogbook is a useful tool which provides relevant information to know various aspects of the history and culture of the people of an area. In the present research, four logbooks of “Mirza Fattah Khan, Haj Sayyah, Haji Pirzadeh and Etemad-ol-Saltaneh” have been selected from the Qajar period. This study aims to examine the social issues and basic infrastructures in the structure of a society reflected in logbooks; Thus, this research uses a descriptive-analytical method to answer the question of what social issues are reflected in the selected logbooks of the Qajar period. The results indicated that logbook writers had two approaches to social issues: first, to raise issues and infrastructures, and second, to enumerate social problems. In both sections, Haj Sayyah and Haji Pirzadeh paid the most attention to social issues. Pirzadeh emphasized more on what was going on in other countries, especially in Europe, but Haj Sayyah focused more on social issues and problems in Iran. With a critical language, he complained about the poor state of social infrastructures in Iran. Comparison of tourists’ observations on social issues shows that during the Qajar period, social infrastructures were very unfavorable, which is not comparable to the progress of European countries in the same period. This led to dissatisfaction with the government, lack of social welfare, class discrimination, increased immigration and other social problems in Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
29 - زندگی زنان پس از طلاق با رویکردی کیفی (مطالعه موردی: شهرستان شاهیندژ)
محمدعلی آرمند آرام اژدری -
Open Access Article
30 - A study on symbolic allegories in Marzbanname
Masoud Pakdel Masoumeh Mirabone of the best parables٫ parable animal analogy is that Europeans to the fable locally and it is one of the literary species٫the fable are heroes is animal ssuggests that each represent a chass of people in society. Marzban name book of artifact prose master pieces of Moreone of the best parables٫ parable animal analogy is that Europeans to the fable locally and it is one of the literary species٫the fable are heroes is animal ssuggests that each represent a chass of people in society. Marzban name book of artifact prose master pieces of animal language and imitation of Kalila and demne written. Artistic author book٫and with wide viewing social and cultural٫he has can the heroes of the store are the same animals٫as a suitable tool for the benefit of their opinione. Reflecting on the stories seem very wise and instructive ethical issues are presented. The here is no negative point which is irritable consequences٫ can not be seem. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
31 - Comparison of training effects in imagery strategies of mental imagery of think-aloud of written representation and motor representation on the performance of elementary students in solving verbal math problems
masoud salimi esmaeal sadipour ali delavar hasan malakiThe purpose of the present study was to compare the effect of training the strategies of mental imagery, think-aloud, written representation and motor representation on the performance of the fifth grade male elementary students in solving verbal math problems. For this MoreThe purpose of the present study was to compare the effect of training the strategies of mental imagery, think-aloud, written representation and motor representation on the performance of the fifth grade male elementary students in solving verbal math problems. For this purpose, using random cluster sampling, two elementary male schools were selected from the third educational district in Isfahan. Each of these elementary schools had two fifth grade classes (n = 108). 75 students were randomly divided into five fifteen-member groups consisted of mental imagery group, think-aloud group, written representation group, motor representation group and control group. All the students of five groups were given a pretest consisted of 12 verbal math problems and Raven's Standard Progressive Matrices (SPM). No significant difference was observed between the mean scores gained by the students of five groups on the pretest and Raven's intelligence test. Each of the experimental groups received 10 forty five-minute training sessions .The control group received no instruction. After completion of training sessions, all of the students took the verbal math problems posttest, which was parallel with the pretest. The one- way analysis of variance on the differences among the students' scores on the pretest and the posttest showed significant differences of the groups. Tukey follow-up test was used to compare the paired group means. The students of written representation group and mental imagery group showed better performance on the posttest in comparison with the control group. The results indicated that written representation and mental imagery methods have a positive impact on the students’ performance in verbal math problem solving. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
32 - Qualitative Study of the Principles of Educational Design Based on Cognitive Flexibility Theory in Combination with Scaffolding Strategies
ABBAS TAGHIZADE javad hatami maryam ghasemiPresenting complex domains of knowledge through traditional linear models of instruction, is problematic because as content areas becomes more complex, the domain of knowledge becomes more ill structured, non-uniform, and overlapping with other domains. For this, Spiro MorePresenting complex domains of knowledge through traditional linear models of instruction, is problematic because as content areas becomes more complex, the domain of knowledge becomes more ill structured, non-uniform, and overlapping with other domains. For this, Spiro & et al. argue that learning environments should emphasize ‘‘the real-world complexity and ill-structuredness of many knowledge domains. The aim of this research was qualitative study of the principles of educational design based on cognitive flexibility theory in combination with scaffolding strategies in computer-based learning environments. Qualitative content analysis method was used in this research. The study population included all resources and related articles indexed in scientific databases during 1991-2015(84resource) related to the 2 theories of this study. A sample through Purposive sampling was selected and finally the proposed educational design model based on cognitive flexibility theory with 9 principles in combination with scaffolding strategies was presented. Since cognitive flexibility theory is generally presented for advanced knowledge acquirement, the proposed model can be used for educational design for learners at high school levels and upper. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
33 - Identifying and categorizing the issues related to sexuality and gender posed by elementary students
Hedayatallah Etemadizadeh Ali NouriThe present study conducted to identify and categorize the issues related to sexuality and gender posed by elementary students through a mixed method research in two phases. In the first phase, the critical issues were identified and consequently classified employing an MoreThe present study conducted to identify and categorize the issues related to sexuality and gender posed by elementary students through a mixed method research in two phases. In the first phase, the critical issues were identified and consequently classified employing an action research design by participation of elementary school educators of Malayer. The second phase was conducted in order to prioritize and rank the derived issues using a questionnaire survey which responded by 169 elementary teachers. The data from the first phase of study resulted in identifying 50 questions classified into the 5 categories including relations and interaction with others, social values and norms with respect of sexuality and gender, educational and cultural context, developmental bases, sexual behavior, reproduction and pregnancy. According to the results of category ranking, the category of relations and interaction with others was ranked as the first priority and the category of sexual behavior, and reproduction and pregnancy as the last priority. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
34 - Investigating the effectiveness of schematic representation-based instruction on the ability of solving non-routine problems in mathematics
Mehran Azizi Mahoodabad Mohammad Javad Liaghatdar Hamid Reza OreyziThe aim of the present study is to investigate the effectiveness of schematic representation-based instruction on 6th grade students' ability of solving non-routine problems in mathematics. It is a content analysis and quasi-experimental design research of the pretest-p MoreThe aim of the present study is to investigate the effectiveness of schematic representation-based instruction on 6th grade students' ability of solving non-routine problems in mathematics. It is a content analysis and quasi-experimental design research of the pretest-posttest type, follow up by the control group. After studying and educational designing, 40 sixth-grade male students of an elementary school in the academic year of 1396-97 in Yasouj voluntarily participated in the study. They were randomly assigned to experimental and control group and were educated for 12 sessions (one session per week) using representation-based instruction method. Data collection instruments were developed in the content analysis section of the checklist and in the semi-experimental part of the test. Shannon Entropy technique was adopted in order to analyze data in content analysis, and variance analysis test with repeated measures was used for the quasi-experimental part. The results of the content analysis show that the greatest attention for the distribution and the presence of non-routine problems has been directed to hierarchical presentation, part-whole presentation, and network presentation problems, respectively. It was indicated that matrix presentation problems have no place in textbooks. In addition, the results of the variance analysis with repeated measures reveal that there is a significant difference between the averages of all the components of the ablitiy of solving non-routine problems of control group and experimental group (p<0.05). Therefore, it can be concluded that schematic representation instruction increases students' ability of solving non-routine problems in mathematics. Besides, the results indicate that using these methods repeatedly for solving non-routine problems will be consistent over time. The results of the study emphasize the need for special attention to the schematic representations in the sixth grade elementary mathematics textbook, and the necessity of applying these representations in solving non-routine problems by mathematic teachers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
35 - Sleep and Dream, tools for expressing mystical intuition
Khavar Qorbani Shayesteh MahmoodiThis paper, with descriptive – analytic method, has investigated the status and role of intuition in Mystics dreams.In this survey, is based general and specific meaning of intuition, namely the visibility of God and understanding the meanings of this world and other wo MoreThis paper, with descriptive – analytic method, has investigated the status and role of intuition in Mystics dreams.In this survey, is based general and specific meaning of intuition, namely the visibility of God and understanding the meanings of this world and other world.To achieve this goal, the dreams of mystics with the theme of intuition are discussed and investigated in two parts: the solving of mental concerns and problems and the intuition of future events. This study shows that one of the most important functions of dream of mystics has had solving of mental concerns and problems that are in the area of religious and mystical problems. In addition to, They express these problems through dreams, they impact on the audiences too, since these problems has been solved by the language of God, the prophet and elders of Sofia. It can be also viewed the inspired intuitions that informthe events that hadn’t happened in reality yet. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
36 - Reflection on the Customs and Social Issues of Futuwwa Disciples in Mystical Prose Texts by the End of Sixth Century AD
Seyyedeh Maryam Abulghasemi Nasrin FakhimiFutuwwa and chivalry as a way known among the public, had a significant place in history. Chivalrous people always have attributes such as dedication, devotion, sacrifice, courage, generosity, etc. This custom is of a long history, dating back to pre-Islamic era. Chival MoreFutuwwa and chivalry as a way known among the public, had a significant place in history. Chivalrous people always have attributes such as dedication, devotion, sacrifice, courage, generosity, etc. This custom is of a long history, dating back to pre-Islamic era. Chivalry has important approaches out of which the most important indicators which can be referred to is a social one. Historical evidences show that chivalrous individuals have had an important role in social affairs and the dynamics of social movements are caused by them. Chivalrous people in their social role had special customs that continuously considered themselves to be bound by. These customs have been reflected more or less in mystical prose texts. This research endeavors to examine social issues and how the texts reflects the customs by the end of the sixth century AH. In this paper, analytical methodology used is based on library resources and documents Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
37 - Urban policy in the field of wicked problems
Rahim Sarvar Mohammad Ali KhalijiUrban systems are complex probabilistic systems, and most of their problems, despite their simplicity, are complex and multifaceted problems rooted in political, historical, geographical, and economic structures over time. Therefore, rethinking the way of looking at urb MoreUrban systems are complex probabilistic systems, and most of their problems, despite their simplicity, are complex and multifaceted problems rooted in political, historical, geographical, and economic structures over time. Therefore, rethinking the way of looking at urban issues and their correct policy-making is one of the issues that need to be considered. The main purpose of this article, while introducing the nature of complex issues, is to provide tested frameworks for their policy-making. The research method is documentary-analytical and its findings show that according to theoretical findings and practical experiences in most countries and cities, effective methods for solving complex problems of an expanding art that is very important in urban management. Therefore, paying attention to the policy frameworks enumerated in this study, along with paying attention to the capacities of good urban governance, will provide a reassuring basis for the correct and redefining of urban issues and their successful policy-making.Extended Abstract Introduction The most important and perhaps the most fundamental issue in the public policy process is problematics. It is necessary to identify and examine the issue from there whether the existing issue is a public issue and whether it can be included in the agenda of policy makers? It is important because if an issue is not properly identified and for various reasons, including personal and group interests, is preferred to more important and influential public issues, or if it is misunderstood, it will not only affect the effectiveness of the policy system. It will also affect future policies; Because misunderstanding the issue affects its policy and will not produce the desired result. Therefore, it is necessary to study the process in which the issue is identified and placed on the policy agenda. Today, due to various reasons that will be mentioned below, most issues in the field of urban management and policy-making are not of the type of easy issues but of the type of seemingly easy but very complex issues that require recognition and analysis. And numerous analyzes are far from superficial, perhaps one reason for the complexity and then the unresolved many problems in urban centers and their simplification areas and the superficial approaches in providing problem-solving solutions, which often lead to The name of the problem is malignant or complicated. This article seeks to answer the question of what issues include urban policy in the field of complex issues and what is the solution?The term "malignant or complicated" is not used in this article to mean sinister, but as a subject that is difficult to resolve. The term was coined by HVG Rittel and MM Weber, both urban planning specialists at the University of California, Berkeley in 1973. In a crucial article, the two stated that the whole range of social planning issues can not be optimally examined with traditional linear and analytical approaches. They called these issues "complicated" issues and compared them to "easy" issues. Easy problems are not necessarily simple, they can even be technically very complex, but the problem can be precisely defined and a relatively immediate solution can be found. The initial emphasis of the literature on complex issues was on the design of systems at the "micro" level, but this concept was gradually applied to macro-socio-economic policy issues (Ballard, 2006). It is difficult to define complex issues precisely. The nature and scope of the problem depends on who we discuss it with, that is, different stakeholders have different perceptions of the nature of the problem. Often, there is an element of truth in every perception of policy-making. No impression is complete or definitively true or false. The discussion of the causes, scope, and strategies for controlling air pollution is a good example. Complex issues are highly interdependent and often have multiple causes. Often in a wide-ranging problem, there are goals that are internally conflicting. For example, there is a conflict between the goal of protecting privacy lands with the aim of transferring some of the disturbing urban uses to the privacy zone, or between providing informal housing services to control their growth. Interdependence, multiple causes, and internal conflict of goals related to complex issues have made it difficult to define them precisely. Disagreements among stakeholders often indicate different emphasis on different causal factors. Successful and successful review of complex policy issues usually involves a range of coherent and related responses, and given their multifaceted nature, this review often requires reconciliation between conflicting goals.MethodologyThe main approach of the research is based on documentary study and analytical method. The statistical population of the research includes scientific and research articles that are indexed and accessible in the field of public policy and complex issues. Then, focusing on urban policy in the field of complex issues, to extract the required data from the content analysis method, which included information including research topic and issue, researcher expertise, data analysis methods and techniques and the form or pattern studied. This study is qualitative and provides a clear assessment of key aspects of the public policy framework.Results and discussionIt is difficult to effectively solve complex policy issues using traditional methods used in the public sector. Traditional political thinking shows that the best way to solve a problem is to follow a regular linear process in which it ends with "addressing the problem and finding a solution. This process usually begins with understanding and defining the problem. This requires the collection and analysis of data and other evidence and consultation with stakeholders. Once the issue has been identified and the evidence and opinions of the stakeholders have been analyzed, a preferred one can be selected from the options. Outcomes and Outputs Identified, Execution Plans Designed, and Execution Objectives Identified It is often assumed that the more complex the issue, the more important it is to follow this flow regularly. However, the works and writings agree that the traditional linear approach to policy-making is not a good way to address complex policy issues. This is because part of the complexity of the issue lies in the interactions between causal factors, conflicting political goals, and disagreements about the appropriate solution. Linear thinking is not appropriate and cannot include such interaction and complexity. The weakness of the linear approach stems from the social complexity of complex issues. The truth is that a proper understanding of the issue usually requires the views of multiple organizations and stakeholders, and a package of measures known as social solutions usually requires that the participation, commitment and cooperation of multiple organizations and stakeholders be properly addressed. Solving complex problems requires clever thinking rather than linear thinking. It is thinking that is able to understand the main issue, such as the interrelationships between the full range of causal factors and policy objectives. Due to the nature of complex issues, our understanding of them is incomplete, so the scope of the initial planning, which is too narrow and limited, may lead us to not pay attention to the main point in solving the complex issue. "In solving complex problems and issues, there is always the possibility that their solution is too limited.ConclusionThe key issue is how to reach the common understanding that "the starting point is the participation of all stakeholders, including the public, public and private sectors, and civic institutions." The argument of all the works and theories of urban management and planning (participatory planning, communication theory, regionalism theory, good governance model, etc.) related to this field is that achieving "sustainable behavior change" is partial. The latest and highest level of trust and the development of government-citizen relations are essential for the effective resolution of complex issues. Achieving sustainable behavior change is usually a key component of solving complex problems because it is well established that the government can not expect change among different segments of citizens just by passing a law, preparing instructions, developing a plan, issuing a circular, and so on. There are many issues such as managerial divisions, diversity of laws, the growth of informal settlements, land grabbing, spatio-social segregation, the growth of poverty colonies, the growth of polluting industries, the continuation of migration, and the continuation of the housing problem and ... It requires evaluating the effectiveness and effectiveness of the policies and measures that have been implemented and evaluating the laws and policies that should have been implemented in order to approach the new areas of analysis and problem solving. Realize and change the way we look at how to manage issues and spaces from the national to the local level Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
38 - یک الگوریتم جستجوی کلاغ بهبود یافته مبتنی بر یادگیری معکوس برای حل مسائل بهینه سازی
محمد علیزاده چناقلو عبدالرضا حاتم لو -
Open Access Article
39 - آسیبشناسی اعتقاد دینی در شعر سنایی
علی دهقان -
Open Access Article
40 - A Comparative Study Of Social Approches In The Poetry Of Suad Al-Sabah And Parvin Etessami
Mohsen Seifi Fariba QhaniSouad al-Mubarak al-Sabah (born 1942) and Parvin Etessami (1907 – 1941) were of those poets who had used social themes in their poetry. Poverty, liberalism, and fight against despotism were social themes found in their poems. Using descriptive-analytical method an MoreSouad al-Mubarak al-Sabah (born 1942) and Parvin Etessami (1907 – 1941) were of those poets who had used social themes in their poetry. Poverty, liberalism, and fight against despotism were social themes found in their poems. Using descriptive-analytical method and based on the French school of poetry, the authors of the present research intended to make a comparative study of social themes in the poems of Souad al-Sabah and Parvin Etessami. Souad al-Sabah and Parvin Etessami had approached to poverty from different views; Souad only made hints to it, but Parvin tried to find its roots. On patriotism, more poems of Souad were concerned with fight against despotism than Parvin’s due to the invasion of Kuwait by Iraq. Liberalism was a theme used by both of them in two pictures; Souad depicted it as a well while Parvin had depicted it as a cage. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
41 - Big Data and Its Impact on the Iranian Banking Industry Achieving Competitive Advantage
foad Kouhzadi hossin gharebiglou hossin boudaghi khaje nouber yaghoub alavi matinAbstractThe increasing volume and complexity of digital data and its role as a tool to support the competitive advantage for banks, has increased the need to use new tools and techniques in data acquisition, analysis and processing, and in this context, access to Data f MoreAbstractThe increasing volume and complexity of digital data and its role as a tool to support the competitive advantage for banks, has increased the need to use new tools and techniques in data acquisition, analysis and processing, and in this context, access to Data flow in new financial transactions has become more difficult, and this has doubled the need for bank managers to use the big data strategy to solve financial challenges and take advantage of opportunities to achieve a sustainable competitive advantage. The purpose of this study is to identify the effects of big data strategy on achieving a competitive advantage in the Iranian banking industry. Present the banking industry. The hypotheses of the model were evaluated using the views of the research sample, including CEOs, managers and employees of information and communication technology, managers and marketing staff of 20 banks through a questionnaire, and the results show that banks using macro strategy Data gains a competitive advantage. In addition, ethical issues and customer privacy affect the relationship between big data strategy and gaining a competitive advantage. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
42 - Optimizing of Open Vehicle Routing Problem by Using an Efficient Hybrid Meta-heuristic Algorithm
Majid Yousefi khoshbakht Hassan Zarie Zahra Sadati Eskandari Narges Mahmmudi Daranie Ahmad Mahmmud JanloThe Open Vehicle Routing Problem (OVRP) is one of the most intensively studied problems in computational mathematics that nowadays and it has been receiving much attention by researchers and scientists. In this Problem, the objective is to define minimized distance trav MoreThe Open Vehicle Routing Problem (OVRP) is one of the most intensively studied problems in computational mathematics that nowadays and it has been receiving much attention by researchers and scientists. In this Problem, the objective is to define minimized distance traveled of the several vehicles that start to move simultaneously from the depot and visit some customers. It is noted that against to the Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP), it is not necessary that vehicles return to the depot after servicing the customers. This paper proposes a meta-heuristic algorithm in which at the first stage, a modified elite ant colony (EAS) is applied for finding a suboptimal solution, and at the second stage, the insert and swap local search algorithms are used for finding better solutions. Computational results on fifteen standard benchmark problem instances show that the proposed algorithm is comparable in terms of solution quality of other meta-heuristic algorithms. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
43 - Examining the factors affecting the occurrence of a murder: Meta-synthesis Of researches of the period 1377-1400
Taha Ashayeri Tahereh Jahanparvar alham abbasi mostafa bazgirIntroduction: Murder is the killing or taking and taking of another human life with any purpose Murder; Killing and taking the life of another human being with any motive is considered as a violent social crime. The purpose of this study is to study the factors affectin MoreIntroduction: Murder is the killing or taking and taking of another human life with any purpose Murder; Killing and taking the life of another human being with any motive is considered as a violent social crime. The purpose of this study is to study the factors affecting the occurrence of murder and to present socio-cultural solutions. The research method is meta-combined and its statistical population is 38 case studies (quantitative + qualitative) in full and intentional in the period of 1998 to 2021. The results show that 1. Cultural index (tribal, value and attitude factors) 2. Economic (differences, gaps and structural factors); 3. Social (climatic-environmental, interactive, profile factors, family institution, addiction, capital, social control, structural and normative); 4. Psycho-personality and 5. Demographic (socio-economic status, age, gender, marital status, employment status, ethnicity, level of education, place of residence, family size, place of birth, time and season of the incident) were effective in the murder. Is. Iranian society is transitioning from traditional conditions (lifestyle) to modern (individualism and social modernization) and due to lack of coordination of social institutions (value-institutional conflict), class gap, social failure and social disorganization, society is dysfunctional and conditions Anomic (accumulation of socio-economic pressures) and due to lack of coordination of society with new conditions and solving the needs of society (unbalanced development, social conflict, cultural turmoil, family institution disorder, economic pressure on social classes, feelings of injustice and relative deprivation), murder Has also increased. In a sense, murder is an individual behavior, but a social action that the conditions of society (the above five factors) facilitate the grounds for attempted murder Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
44 - Social Romanticism Analysis Based on Shamloo's Poems
nila nourbalin Mahmoud SadeghzadeH Dr. Azizollah Tavakoli Kafi AbadShamloo, the head of the white poetry, is an Iranian writer and translator. Shamloo’s poetry can be analyzed based on various aspects, especially literary schools. Although there have been so many inspections in Shamloo’s poetry on the matter of romantic ele MoreShamloo, the head of the white poetry, is an Iranian writer and translator. Shamloo’s poetry can be analyzed based on various aspects, especially literary schools. Although there have been so many inspections in Shamloo’s poetry on the matter of romantic elements; there has not been any analysis or deliberation in Shamloo’s poetry based on social romanticism. This query quests the most important characteristics of social romanticism; like: humanism, lyricist mentality; also addresses the social theorems, together with the nationalism and symbolist nature in social and political concepts with a descriptive, analytical and quantitative evaluation. The frequency of lyricist mentality, dealing with the social theorems and symbolist nature is continuously reflected in Shamloo’s poetry. Humanism also grabs the attentions in Shamloo’s viewpoints. Shamloo was dedicated to the whole world, so nationalism has no serious place in his poems; because Shamloo never had limited himself to his motherland. All in all, through Shamloo’s romantic poems, 174 poems (about 40/86 percent) can be found in social romantic concept and among these poems, 59 ones (about 33/90 percent) have humanist viewpoints; besides the other 11 ones (6/32 percent) that have nationalist perceptions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
45 - حاشیه نشینی و چالش های اجتماعی ـ فرهنگی ناشی از آن با تاکید بر کلانشهرهای ایران
سعید ملکی داود حاتمی -
Open Access Article
46 - Investigating the factors affecting the academic failure of high school students in Ilam city and providing solutions to prevent it
zahra rezaeinasab sardar fotohiEvery year, due to a lack of education, there is a lot of potential, human resources and potential in the organization of education and families. Based on this, the current research was conducted with the aim of identifying the factors affecting the academic failure of MoreEvery year, due to a lack of education, there is a lot of potential, human resources and potential in the organization of education and families. Based on this, the current research was conducted with the aim of identifying the factors affecting the academic failure of students in Ilam city. To achieve this goal, quantitative-survey method was used.The statistical population of the research is 1st and 2nd high school students in Ilam city, 152 people were selected using Cochran's formula and a standard questionnaire was distributed among them based on simple random sampling. After data collection, analysis has been done based on spss and lisrel. The findings indicate that the internal factors of the educational system, such as the inappropriateness of the content of the programs with the needs, talents and interests of the students; inappropriateness of classroom conditions and atmosphere with the needs and social-psychological conditions of students; inappropriateness of teachers in terms of qualifications and teaching methods; Teacher-student interaction as well as external factors of the educational system such as poverty and economic deprivation, family status and cultural poverty have a significant impact on the problem of academic failure of students in Ilam city. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
47 - Issues and demands of the people of Tehran in the petitions of the Nasserite era (1301-1303 AH)
Maryam Nilghaz sina foroozesh Reza Shaabani Samgh AbadiStudying of every period of social structures in Iran has a graet importance.Meanwhile, one of the most affective of research methos is, in general, to have access to documents, so that the realities and truths for every historical period of time are recognized; the pet MoreStudying of every period of social structures in Iran has a graet importance.Meanwhile, one of the most affective of research methos is, in general, to have access to documents, so that the realities and truths for every historical period of time are recognized; the petition documents as a group of historical documents, represent life issues and mutual relations among people. Society and the state, and also every line of them deals with social distinction for researchers.The purpose of this researchers to recognize the social problems of Tehran inhabitants during nearly three years of the reign of Nassar al-Din Shah Qajar, which were refleceted in the examined documents the documents include petitions for Tehran inhabitants from 1301 to 1303 AH. The method for inquiring of this research is to correct a corpus of manuscripts based on codicology, and to write this article on a historical(conductive) method. The style of writing is descriptive_analytical. All data were collected in a desk_study manner. Studing of the documents show that subjects freely with no fear, set forth their demands for the king. Petition data show that varios social groups, in general,enjoyed free speech and freedom of religion with no fear.Maintaining security and justice was missing link in Nassari reign, as usual through Iranian history. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
48 - Evaluating the application of power and coercion typologies in solving organizational complex problems
Fatemeh Haghighat Mohammad Reza Mehragan Mohammad Abooyee Ardakan Hossien SafariThe main purpose of this paper is identifying the typologies of power and coercion in organizations and evaluating their effects on solving complex problems. In this article, the typologies of coercion in the leadership style of managers and the dominant discursive syst MoreThe main purpose of this paper is identifying the typologies of power and coercion in organizations and evaluating their effects on solving complex problems. In this article, the typologies of coercion in the leadership style of managers and the dominant discursive system in organizations are presented using tools such as the researcher's experience and intuition and also the literature review. In order to confirm these typologies, the views of relevant specialists have been used, which resulted in the confirmation of these typologies by them. In addition, in the next section, we have addressed the kind of leadership style commonly used to solve complex problems and the individuals helping to solve complex problems. In this regard, semi-structured interviews have been conducted with 14 managers in Iranian public organizations. Then, using the content analysis method, the questions of interviews have been analyzed. The results of this section also showed that the common leadership style of most managers in solving the organizational complex problems is interactive style. However, they may use different styles to solve different issues or problems. It was also found that managers often use the help of various people inside and outside the organization to solve organizational problems which these people are also introduced. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
49 - Improvement of Imperialist Colony Algorithm by Employment of Imperialist Learning Operator and Implementing in Travel Salesman Problem
Hassan Haleh Daniyal Esmaeli Ali AbadiThis study tries to enhance imperialist colony algorithm (ICA) in the context of travel salesman problem (TSP). By adding new learning operator, imperialist learns form colonies that have suitable cost in which manner that improves solution of problems. We believe that MoreThis study tries to enhance imperialist colony algorithm (ICA) in the context of travel salesman problem (TSP). By adding new learning operator, imperialist learns form colonies that have suitable cost in which manner that improves solution of problems. We believe that controlled learning improvement is better than uncontrolled one. The efficiency of new operator represented with variety of instances from TSPLIB. We evaluate the approach on standard TSP test problems and show that it performs better, with respect to solution quality and computation time than ICA without new learning operator. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
50 - The survey of relationship between responsibility and problem-salving styles among sixth grad student of Shahindezh in 1392-1393 academic year
Hamideh Farzi Heydar Ali ZareieThis research was accomplished in order to consider the relationship between responsibility and problem solving styles sixth (elementary) grad students.The research is a descriptive - correlational study. Research’s statistical sample includes 234 six grade studen MoreThis research was accomplished in order to consider the relationship between responsibility and problem solving styles sixth (elementary) grad students.The research is a descriptive - correlational study. Research’s statistical sample includes 234 six grade students (122 girls and 112 boys) who were educated in Shahindezh’s schools during 92-93 educational year. The sample members were chosen by classified random sampling. For the measuring theresponsibilityand the students’ problem solving styles, researcher used students responsibility questionnaire and Heppner & Peterson problem solving questionnaire. According to “Pearson correlation coefficient“, there is a positive and meaningful relation between the responsibility and the ability of solving the problems among Shahindezh students. “T-test” results indicates that in terms of responsibility, there is a meaningful difference between the boys and the girls. Compared to the boys, the girls are at a higher level. On the other hand, “Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA)” showed that considering the problem solving styles, there is no difference between the girls and the boys. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
51 - *** An Investigation into Socio-Psycho-Biological Aspects of Linguistic Hegemony/Inequalities (Methodological Design of the Problem in a Medical Text: Principles of Harrison Internal Medicine / Neurology)
Ayyub Yussefpour NezamiThis This This research adopts a socio-psycho-biological approach to address the types, mechanisms and methodology of research on malfunctions of linguistic hegemony/inequalities. Drawing on Harrison’s ‘Principles of Harrison Internal Medicine: Neurological MoreThis This This research adopts a socio-psycho-biological approach to address the types, mechanisms and methodology of research on malfunctions of linguistic hegemony/inequalities. Drawing on Harrison’s ‘Principles of Harrison Internal Medicine: Neurological Diseases (2018)’ , the study reveals in that text some dimensions of linguistic hegemony and highlights the necessity of research on biological aspects of language, linguistic hegemony/inequalities and the biological consequences resulting from linguistic hegemony. The research also deals with some assumptions underlying medical linguistics and raises a number of questions on ‘linguistically-oriented medical study of brain and neurons’. It is argued that the preliminary findings of this research can pave the way for an initial theoretical/methodological foundation whose operationalization would require deeper interdisciplinary studies. This also requires stronger academic/scientific support from experts of different disciplines and financial support from relevant institutions. In the absence of such support, the issue can be approached from an ‘interpretive’ perspective per se. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
52 - Understanding the Sociolinguistic Problem of “Arian Marriage/Marriage Contract” Construct within an Anti-structuralist Context of Arianism
Ayyub Yussefpour Nezami Samad Sabbagh Dehkharqani Davud Davud Kuhi Mohammad AbbaszadehThis critical investigation addresses Arian marriage/marriage contract within the framework of post-Qajar Farsi language framework and deals with its functions in Iranian/Islamic family institution issues. In the context of the current research, the subject has been tre MoreThis critical investigation addresses Arian marriage/marriage contract within the framework of post-Qajar Farsi language framework and deals with its functions in Iranian/Islamic family institution issues. In the context of the current research, the subject has been treated as a syndrome of (post-Qajarid anti-structuralist) Arianism. The research has also been shaped by an interpretation of Heideggerian linguistic approach (paradigmatic motor concept). We have argued that language is not only a field and instrument of research but it also is the essence of social existence and the house of being. Social realities also exist in and through language. Hence, Arian marriage contract has a linguistic reality and with its claims and linguistic excuses it should be understood within the context of post-Qajarid era. Using a grand theory perspective, the current research resulted in some axiomatic findings: it seems that this racist construct is fed by and is related to the linguistic products of other anti-structuralist constructs. This formal and functional relationship between Arian construct and other anti-structuralist constructs has threatened the very ethical/national security. Its explicit malfunctioning can be integrated with the internal and international affairs and finally result in destructionof the family institution and social order. It has been argued that political/ideological provocations can be combined with the dominant consumerist spirits, the propaganda from marriage service instituions and commodification of marriage ceremony in this post-modern atmosphere and facilitate the spread of Arian marriage in society. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
53 - Cultural Deviance and Its Determinants among Tabriz City’s High School Boys
Mohammad Abbaszadeh Mohammad Bagher Alizadeh Aghdam Tavakkol Aghayari Hir Esmaeil Najafzadeh NakhjevanloCultural deviance is one of threatening factors regarding social order and security. On the one hand, cultural deviance can pave the road for other types of crimes and misbehaviors and peoplein the stage of socialization and interact with other friends and peers, has it MoreCultural deviance is one of threatening factors regarding social order and security. On the one hand, cultural deviance can pave the road for other types of crimes and misbehaviors and peoplein the stage of socialization and interact with other friends and peers, has its desired place among sociological studies. This study attempts to quantify the cultural deviance and its determinants among teenagers. This study is a survey which utilizes questionnaire as a data gathering tool. Among all Tabriz high school boys in the educational year of 2012-2013, a sample of 354 students are selected using multi-stage cluster sampling method. Findings indicate that, the level of cultural deviance is totally low among the respondents. Also, Correlation analyses showed that, among independent variables, cultural deviance of peers, educational performance, and family control have statistically significant relationships with dependent variable. Regression analysis indicates that, employed model could explain around 44 percent of the variations in cultural deviance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
54 - The study of different attitudes of Tabriz Azad university's urban and rural students toward social damages and problems and social factors associated with it
Davood Ebrahimpoor Rakhshandeh Alayi Hejrandost Siroos FakhraieThis research studies different attitudes of Tabriz Azad university's urban and rural students toward social damages and problems and social factors associated with it. The statistical population includes the students in 1392 educational year. The volume of the sample w MoreThis research studies different attitudes of Tabriz Azad university's urban and rural students toward social damages and problems and social factors associated with it. The statistical population includes the students in 1392 educational year. The volume of the sample was 429 using kokran formulas and variance of dependent variable (pretest). The sample has been selected randomly. After collecting the questionnaires, 400 of them were corporated in analyses. The results indicated that there is a meaningful relationship between the education of the parents, social fund, group belonging of urban and rural students and their attitudes toward social damages and issues of cities and villages but there were not any relationship between the gender, age, social and economic status and the use of social media of urban and rural students and their attitudes toward social damages and issues of the cities and villages. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
55 - the validity of absolute conjecture and its function in the new issues in terms of Imamiyah Jurisprudence
mohammad etemadi hormoz asadikoohbad Sayyed Hassan HosseiniAnalyzing the validity of absolute conjecture in response to the new issues in terms of Imamiyah Jurisprudence Abstract Absolute conjecture is a conjecture that there is no any definitive reason for the conjecture, including rational and narrated reason, except for th MoreAnalyzing the validity of absolute conjecture in response to the new issues in terms of Imamiyah Jurisprudence Abstract Absolute conjecture is a conjecture that there is no any definitive reason for the conjecture, including rational and narrated reason, except for the cause of the great obstruction; as there is no a particular reason for its lack of validity. The great obstruction means: At this time and the same time, it is impossible to obtain the knowledge of sentences and religious duties, because of the lack of access to the holy legislator and obtaining duty; on the other side, it is not possible to leave the duties; so, it is necessary to act based on conjecture and both basic and absolute conjecture have the validity. The current study considers absolute conjecture as the proof by this reasoning, and then, is concluded by expressing the jurisprudence approaches to the new issues and topics as follows: the advancement of science has caused the new issues in human life and wide and complicated social relations, that In the past, there were not these issues and relations and the effects of necessary laws, so the jurisprudent and the . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
56 - The Place of Ertekaz in the Interpretation of Religious Texts, the Law of Transactions and the Principles of Islamic Jurisprudence
Hossein Andalib Mohammad Ali Heidari Ahmad Reza TavakoliThe interpretation of religious texts and the rules governing it have always been and are the important topics of linguistic knowledge, including the principles ofIslamic jurisprudence. Ertekaz in common law is one of the principles governing the interpretation of relig MoreThe interpretation of religious texts and the rules governing it have always been and are the important topics of linguistic knowledge, including the principles ofIslamic jurisprudence. Ertekaz in common law is one of the principles governing the interpretation of religious texts that plays an important and influential role in the process of deduction. Ertekaz is the initial perception of people about one thing that has penetrated the depths of their minds and thoughts, therefore; in the system of dialogue, it is considered by the parties. The main questions in this study are whether Ertekaz has a role in deducing legal- jurisprudence law or not, and whether the mujtahid necessarily pays attention to Ertekaz in common law or not. The hypothesis of this research is in view of the fact that the saint legislator speaks to the people as a law maker to guide them and also he considers their perceptions (Ertekazat) and if he does not accept that, he explicitly proclaims to prevent them from being deviated. The great jurists have repeatedly relied on this rule in the interpretation of religious texts, and they have deduced the religious judgment from this point of view. The researchers in this study tried to revive the magnificent capacities of Ertekaz through presenting its comprehensive definition and explaining its aspects. The findings of this study showed that the law of Ertekaz had effects on interpreting the religious texts, providing some law, and preventing long discussions on the principles ofIslamic jurisprudence. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
57 - The Proportion Origin of Subject and Ruling through Inferring Jurisprudential Rulings
Mehri Ghasemi syeed mohamad mehdi ahmadiAn essential principle that constantly implies a two-way relationship between subject and rule is the proportion principle of the subject and commandment that is obtained as a result of mental concentrations and traditions of understanding. The wise legislator, in the p MoreAn essential principle that constantly implies a two-way relationship between subject and rule is the proportion principle of the subject and commandment that is obtained as a result of mental concentrations and traditions of understanding. The wise legislator, in the position of expressing rulings in common and understandable language has expressed its instructions in terms of the proportion of the subject and ruling as a proof and validity of the legislator, has created this capacity for jurisprudential rulings to maintain their effectiveness over time. As a method of inference, this principle has also been considered by jurists. Several articles have been written on the proportion principle. The main question is that are there any reasons that have led to the discussion on the proportion of the subject and ruling? What has happened in our religious literature in the context of time that we have been allowed to enter the discussion of the proportion of the subject and ruling? In this paper, the origin of the proportion of jurisprudential subject or ruling is discussed. The openness of this discussion has been presented in our jurisprudential, principled and sometimes legal assemblies to factors such as the passage of time and the semantic evolution of evidence words of rulings, separation in jurisprudence as an example of "it is up to us to state the principles for you and it is up to you to extract the branches, the presence of clues generating evidence rulings, the existence of a free area in evidence of rulings, especially in governmental political rulings and the accuracy and depth of Shiite jurisprudence through inference. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
58 - A Model of Main Challenges of Tehran Municipal Employees Productivity Enhancement: A Case Study of the Department of Urban and Environmental Services
Mehdi Rahmani Vladimir Harutyunyan Mehdi Mortazavi Ali RajabZadeh QatariPromoting productivity is an essential prerequisite for organizational survival in today's highly competitive and dynamic contexts. Hence, a vital managerial task concerns the efficient use of resources that can guarantee achievement of goals and attainment of pre MorePromoting productivity is an essential prerequisite for organizational survival in today's highly competitive and dynamic contexts. Hence, a vital managerial task concerns the efficient use of resources that can guarantee achievement of goals and attainment of predicted outcomes. A necessary condition for improving sustainable productivity is identification and optimizing challenges and issues that are closely associated with organizational productivity. Therefore, the current exploratory, applied and mixed-method study presents a model of the main problems in improving productivity among employees in Tehran Municipality. Initially, the data obtained from structured interviews with 10 human resource management experts in the field were analyzed via Theme Analysis and Structural Equation Modeling and the effective factors were coded and categorized as a model. Further, the model was operationally tested quantitatively using the views of 384 managers and experts in the Department of Urban and Environmental Services of Tehran Municipality. To this end, the three-layer confirmatory factor analysis was undertaken using the PLS software. The results of the data analysis showed five main categories of factors effecting employee productivity including individual, managerial, organizational, cultural and technological factors. Any improvement in the productivity of human resources in this organization relies on prerequisite enhancement of status quo of these factors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
59 - Effect of social characteristics of beneficiaries on their participation in watershed cooperatives (Case study: cooperative of Saghezchi-Chaei watershed of Ardabil province)
ardavan ghorbani amirhosein kavianpoor roohollah dabiriFor gaining the participation of living people in a watershed for cooperation of them in the watershed plans, the effective factors should be considered. In this study individuality- professionally and educational-extensional characteristics of the rural people which we MoreFor gaining the participation of living people in a watershed for cooperation of them in the watershed plans, the effective factors should be considered. In this study individuality- professionally and educational-extensional characteristics of the rural people which were the member of watershed cooperative of Saghezchi-Chaei watershed (Ardabil province), and the effect of these factors on the participation of those on the watershed cooperatives were investigated. This research was conducted based on descriptive survey design and questionnaire. The statistical population of the study was the member of the watershed cooperatives rural areas including, Saghezchi, Soha, Hour, Tafieh and Raz totally 115 beneficiaries, which were inhabitant on the Saghezchi-Chaei watershed. For data analysis SPSS software were used. Obtained results from the description of individuality- professionally of beneficiaries which were the members of watershed cooperative of Saghezchi-Chaei watershed including: age, main profession, amount of education, type of profession in village, amount of skill and etc show that; firstly the only old beneficiaries with low education, and farmer and animal keeper with moderate skills have interested to participate in the watershed cooperative. Young educated people have no considerable believes to the success of watershed cooperative and they prefer more to emigrate and less interested to stay in rural area, and do different activities in the form of cooperatives. Beneficiaries view in regards to the educational programs participation for the increase of participation was considerable and they asking for this program. Moreover, according to the significance of Mann-Whithney comparison coefficient (α=0.01), familiar members with the concept of exclusure and rural cooperative crops, have the highest participation in the watershed cooperatives. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
60 - Investigating the moderating effect of agency problem on the relationship between trade credit and cost Stickiness
akbar karimzadeh nader rezaei Zohreh Hajiha Rasoul AbdiTrade credit is an important element of short-term financing for companies. By providing trade credit, companies are putting themselves at risk because it is likely that the buyer will not use the resources properly. Also, increasing competition in domestic and global m MoreTrade credit is an important element of short-term financing for companies. By providing trade credit, companies are putting themselves at risk because it is likely that the buyer will not use the resources properly. Also, increasing competition in domestic and global markets has required companies to better identify their cost behaviour. Therefore, in this study, the moderating effect of agency problem on the relationship between trade credit and cost stickiness on the Listed Firms in Tehran Stock Exchange has been investigated. For this purpose, the financial statements of 167 companies in the period 2010 to 2019 have been collected. This research is a quantitative research and the research method is correlational and multiple regression analysis with combined data was used to test the hypotheses. The results show that using all three criteria of trade credit, there is no significant relationship between trade credit and cost stickiness. In addition, the results show that among the indicators of agency problem, the effect of capital expenditures on the relationship between the third criterion of trade credit (ratio of accounts payable to purchases) and cost stickiness is confirmed. However, no evidence was found for the effect of acquisition ratio on the relationship between the first criterion of trade credit (ratio of accounts payable to cost of goods sold) and the second criterion of trade credit (ratio of accounts payable divided by sales) and cost stickiness. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
61 - A discussion about the efficiency of the modified element-free Galerkin method in static problems and the improvement
ramin vafaeipoor Ali Zareh Alireza Alizadeh Majdi Fariba Behrouz SarandNowadays, the finite element method is used comprehensively in traditional and academic works.In this paper, the modified element free Galerkin method used for solving some numerical elasto-static problems. In the first step, an elastic one dimensional bar is considered MoreNowadays, the finite element method is used comprehensively in traditional and academic works.In this paper, the modified element free Galerkin method used for solving some numerical elasto-static problems. In the first step, an elastic one dimensional bar is considered. A linearly varied body force is applied on the length of the bar. A comparison is made between the original element free Galerkin method, modified element free Galerkin method and exact solution concerning accuracy, effectiveness and consuming time. Presented study shows that these mentioned methods have same accuracy but modified EFG method can be very time consuming in compare with others especially when a large number of degree of freedoms used with large size of the support domain. In second step, numerical solution of the modified and original element free Galerkin method is compared with Timoshenko’s analytical answers. it is shown that modified element free Galerkin method has better accuracy in calculating stress fields in compare with finite element and radial point interpolation method. Although the modified EFG method is more time consuming than others yet. Based on the all above results, modified element free Galerkin method can be nominated as a powerfull moving least square based mesh free method which has shape functions with interpolation property. This important property makes the method useful for using in all coupled approaches like as scaled boundary element free Galerkin method. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
62 - Formulation of issues and challenges of world politics
علیرضا نائیج Hosein Pourahmadi منصور mirahmadiIn recent decades, challenges such as disease, immigration, human rights, environmental issues, digital currencies, terrorism, drug trafficking, cyberspace, etc. have led to the transition of International policy challenges to world politics. These issues are one of the MoreIn recent decades, challenges such as disease, immigration, human rights, environmental issues, digital currencies, terrorism, drug trafficking, cyberspace, etc. have led to the transition of International policy challenges to world politics. These issues are one of the most important fields of study in the field of international relations. Understanding this transition depends on formulating these challenges. The main question of this research is: How can the challenges and issues of global politics be formulated? It seems that the presentation of a new formulation of challenges and issues of global politics based on the three components of "human", "biosphere" and "human-biosphere relationship" leads to a new perspective in which the multiplicity of actors And the impact and role of each of them is explained at the level of "global politics" analysis. In the present study, an attempt is made to provide a new and specific format and understanding of world politics with a descriptive and analytical method and collection tools such as library method in order to provide a new and specific formulation compared to the existing formulations. Manuscript profile -
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63 - .
امیر مسعود امیر مظاهری mahmoud elmi فیروز راد Hamzeh Sadeghian -
Open Access Article
64 - Sociological analysis of cultural implications of the development of medium - sized cities in Iran in 1397 – 1396 (Case of study: MARAND)
hoorieh mahgsoudi Mehrdad Navabakhsh Seyed Mohammad Seyedmirzaee صدیقه محمد اسماعیلIn order to achieve sustainable urban development, certain conditions should be provided to pave the way for sustainable human development and the improvement of social welfare, which in turn can strengthen social solidarity structures such as social commitment and acco MoreIn order to achieve sustainable urban development, certain conditions should be provided to pave the way for sustainable human development and the improvement of social welfare, which in turn can strengthen social solidarity structures such as social commitment and accountability, strengthening of urban spaces and improving the sharing of civic spaces and enhancing the satisfaction of urban spaces and enhancing the satisfaction of civic environment and urban landscape. This study aims to do a sociological analysis of the cultural implications of the development of medium-sized cities in Iran over the last ten years and the case of study is the city of Marand during the years of 1396 and 97. The research population consisted of people over 15 years in Marand during the years 96 - 96. A stratified and cluster sampling method was used to select the sample. In total, 2600 questionnaires were completed. Freidman test results showed that the following needs have priority for residents: the need for social interaction with each other (rank 7.34), the need for facilities and welfare amenities (rank 7.18), the need for security (rank 4.26), and belonging to the city (rank 2.74). Other needs were in the intermedium range. Overall, the results suggested that the establishment of public spaces as a platform for social interaction is a pressing request. Manuscript profile -
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65 - .
اسفندیار غفاری نسب محمدتقی ایمان -
Open Access Article
66 - .A sociological inquiry about alienation, the city and the story (Investigating the phenomenon of alienation in the Moscow metropolitan community in the story of the "Heart of a dog")
Khayyam AbbassiIn this article, the phenomenon of individual alienation in the Moscow metropolitan area is studied in Mikhail Bulgakov's long story "The Dog". The long story "Heart of a Dog" echoes Bulgakov's frustration with the Russian Revolution of 1917 AD. The question in this art MoreIn this article, the phenomenon of individual alienation in the Moscow metropolitan area is studied in Mikhail Bulgakov's long story "The Dog". The long story "Heart of a Dog" echoes Bulgakov's frustration with the Russian Revolution of 1917 AD. The question in this article concerns the way the phenomenon of urban alienation in the Soviet Union emerged as a model in Soviet fiction, and how Bulgakov attempted to shape, describe, and solve this problem. This research lies in the interpretive paradigm and utilized the qualitative method and the story under study is selected by the “famous sample” sampling technique. In analyzing this story from a sociological point of view, alienation theories of Marx, Max Weber and Simmel were also utilized. The results showed that Bolgakov, by analyzing the story in the form of Fabel and Joke succeeded in the application of Marxian ideaology of Leninist-Stalinist for depicting human urban proletarians in the first years of the October Revolution and the analysis of its negative consequences. Apart from this result, the author has also pursued and stated additional goals such as his explicit opposition to the Russian October Revolution. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
67 - Leisure for Metropolitan Women; Explaining Leisure Problems for Married Women in Tehran
Nader Jafari Haftkhani Seddigheh Rezania Marjan SaffariLeisure time is an exceptional opportunity to transmit culture and foster social cohesion and happiness; however, the reality of women's leisure time consumption in cities and especially in Tehran's metropolitan area indicates a much lower share of leisure time than men MoreLeisure time is an exceptional opportunity to transmit culture and foster social cohesion and happiness; however, the reality of women's leisure time consumption in cities and especially in Tehran's metropolitan area indicates a much lower share of leisure time than men and that there are serious limitations on their leisure, sports, and recreational facilities. The current study aimed at examining married women's leisure problems in Tehran. The research approach was qualitative and 23 semi-structured interviews were conducted with three groups of experts (policymakers, executives and university professors). Thematic Analysis was used for data analysing. It was found that two global themes of "Intra-governmental" and "Extra-governmental" problems could explain the leisure problems of the target group. "Marginalization", "Lack of special attention to women", "Conspicuous or exhibition policies", "Apathy" and "Managerial vacuum" are intra-governmental problems. "Restriction", "Dominance of consumption", "Accumulation of leisure" and "Conspicuous body project" are extra-governmental problems. This study illustrated that leisure problems for married women in Tehran have a cultural root and are caused by "cultural neglect and misunderstanding" about "woman" and "leisure". Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
68 - بررسی اثر تراکم بر تابآوری مناطق شهری (نمونه موردی محلات ناحیه یک منطقه چهارده شهر تهران)
هوشنگ هندی ناصر اقبالی رحیم سرور زهرا پیشگاهی فرد -
Open Access Article
69 - بهینه ساز سنجاب پرنده (FSO): الگوریتم بهینه ساز نوین برمبنای هوش ازدحامی برای حل مسائل مهندسی
غلامرضا عزیزیان فرید میارنعیمی محسن راشکی ناصر شابختیدر پژوهش حاضر یک الگوریتم بهینه ساز نوین ارائه شده است. ایده اصلیِ این الگوریتم، از رفتار سنجاب های پرنده در یافتن غذا و نحوة تعامل آن ها با یکدیگر الهام گرفته شده است. این رفتار شامل پریدن از شاخه ای به شاخه دیگر برای نزدیک شدن به موقعیت غذا و سپس قدم زدن تصادفی برای د Moreدر پژوهش حاضر یک الگوریتم بهینه ساز نوین ارائه شده است. ایده اصلیِ این الگوریتم، از رفتار سنجاب های پرنده در یافتن غذا و نحوة تعامل آن ها با یکدیگر الهام گرفته شده است. این رفتار شامل پریدن از شاخه ای به شاخه دیگر برای نزدیک شدن به موقعیت غذا و سپس قدم زدن تصادفی برای دستیابی به موقعیتِ دقیق غذا می باشد. هم چنین سنجاب های پرنده توسط ایجاد صداهای کوچک و نازکی با یکدیگر ارتباط برقرار کرده و از محیط تقریبیِ غذاهایی هم چون بلوط و غیره، یکدیگر را آگاه می سازند. برای شبیه سازی دو رفتارِ مذکور نیز، به ترتیب از دو تئوری اساسی در حرکت ذرات، شامل پرواز لِوی و قدم زدنِ تصادفی استفاده شده است. نام این الگوریتم FSO می باشد. به علاوه، از دوازده تابع تست الگوریتم برای بررسی کارآیی این الگوریتم استفاده شده و نتایج بدست آمده با الگوریتم های MFO، PSO، GSA، BA، FPA، SMS و FA مقایسه شده است. نتایج حاکی از دقت الگوریتم ارائه شده در مقایسه با الگوریتم های قدرتمند مذکور بوده است. پنج مثال مهندسی نیمه واقعی کلاسیک و یک مثال در حلِ مسائلِ واقعی مربوط به سد بتنی وزنی نیز در این پژوهش ارائه شده است. نتایج بدست آمده نشان دادند که الگوریتم FSO را می توان در حل گستره وسیعی از مسائل مختلف و در محیط های متفاوت به کار برد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
70 - استفاده از موجک لژاندر برای دسته ای از معادلات مقدار مرزی مرتبه چهارم
سرکوت عبدی آرام عزیزی محمود شفیعی جمشید سعیدیاندر این مقاله یک روش تقریبی بر مبنای روش گلرکین و با استفاده از توابع پایه موجک لژاندر برای حل دسته ای از معادلات دیفرانسیل مقدار مرزی مرتبه 4 بکار گرفته شده است. این روش معادله اصلی را به یک دستگاه معادلات خطی که به سادگی قابل حل است تبدیل می کند. ماتریس عملیاتی روش بدس Moreدر این مقاله یک روش تقریبی بر مبنای روش گلرکین و با استفاده از توابع پایه موجک لژاندر برای حل دسته ای از معادلات دیفرانسیل مقدار مرزی مرتبه 4 بکار گرفته شده است. این روش معادله اصلی را به یک دستگاه معادلات خطی که به سادگی قابل حل است تبدیل می کند. ماتریس عملیاتی روش بدست آمده است و جواب و مشتقات مرتبه بالاتر آن را تقریب زده ایم و نتایج را با برخی از روشهای عددی رایج مقایسه کرده ایم. نتایج کارایی روش را به خوبی نشان می دهند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
71 - Investigating the Components of Child Moral Development in the Stories of Ahmadreza Ahmadi (by Using the Social Learning Theory)
Sarah Noei Reza Ashrafzadeh Batool Fakhr EslamAhmadReza Ahmadi is one of the leading figures in the field of contemporary children's literature. In his stories, he refersAhmadreza Ahmadi is an eminent figure in the field of new wave poetry and volume poetry. Despite his outstanding works in contemporary children's MoreAhmadReza Ahmadi is one of the leading figures in the field of contemporary children's literature. In his stories, he refersAhmadreza Ahmadi is an eminent figure in the field of new wave poetry and volume poetry. Despite his outstanding works in contemporary children's literature, this part of his literary capacities has not been properly addressed. In his stories, he refers to various educational and moral issues and uses various techniques to represent these issues in a desirable way, including the emphasis on environmental and social learning of the child. In the present study, citing library sources and by using the descriptive-analytical methods, these techniques have been studied and explored in selected stories of Ahmadreza Ahmadi. The results indicate that by using a variety of factors such as 'role modeling and introducing practical model', 'personal confrontation of the child with moral/immoral situations', 'strengthening and stabilizing moral behavior' and 'using pretend play', the author has recounted and depicted a diverse set of educational and moral issues such as cooperation and helping each other, respect for animals, peace-seeking, loving fellowmen, seeking identity and returning to one's true self to the children. In the meantime, teaching respect for the animals has been repeated many times in various stories, which shows the author's main concern for culture in this regard. In representing his educational approaches, Ahmadi has emphasized the impact of the surrounding environment on the development process, and the individual morality and personality of the children and has highlighted the role of external factors in orienting the educational aspects of this age group. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
72 - A Problematic Clarification of the City Based on Neighborhood Planning Case Study: The City of Ardabil, Iran
hosein shokripur dizaj Isa Piri Alireza MohammdiAs the primary foundation of science, problem-solving forms the basis on which theory making & research can be formed & developed.Nowadays, the dominant urban planning practice in Iranian cities is the profession & technique which is prescribed by the public MoreAs the primary foundation of science, problem-solving forms the basis on which theory making & research can be formed & developed.Nowadays, the dominant urban planning practice in Iranian cities is the profession & technique which is prescribed by the public sector, and the missing link is the participation of the larger civil society in the management of urban affairs. The main purpose of this study is to identify & explain the problems of Ardabil city within the framework of criteria that are related to neighborhood planning.The survey research method was utilized in order to assess the aspects & components of neighborhood planning including physical, social, cultural, economic, environmental, access to urban services and proper urban governance factors. The spatial cluster sampling method was used to select 10 neighborhoods out of the five districts of Ardabil city (2 neighborhoods from each district) as sample neighborhoods & a number of 400 questionnaires were distributed according to their population within the selected neighborhoods by means of the random sampling method.The Excel, Spss software and T-test statistical method & multi-criteria decision making models have been used to analyze the data.The results statistical test indicated that there are different conditions in the neighborhoods of Ardabil city in terms of the aspects & components of neighborhood planning.Furthermore, the results of multi-criteria decision making models indicate that neighborhood number 5 in the 4th district of Ardabil Municipality is more problematic and there are fewer problems in neighborhood number 2 in the 1st district of Ardabil Municipality. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
73 - Analysis of Management – policy Problems before tea industry in the Guilan Province
mohamadsadegh allahyari habibollah rezadost shaghayegh kheiri seyed ali noor hosseiniTo evaluate and identify the most import and managerial-policy issues and problems of tea industry in Guilan, a study was conducted in 2010. Delphi method was used in this study involved a total of 54 members (15 farmers, 12 factory owners, 11 businessmen and 16 experts MoreTo evaluate and identify the most import and managerial-policy issues and problems of tea industry in Guilan, a study was conducted in 2010. Delphi method was used in this study involved a total of 54 members (15 farmers, 12 factory owners, 11 businessmen and 16 experts).The results showed that issues such as wealth and power Mafia drummer imports smuggled tea, tea accumulate on of experience, lack of strict government control son production and trade of tea, the lack of stable and long-term strategy and policy in stability, Lack of management and planning in the manufacturing, industrial and commercial tea, the tea industry is looking at a system of government, to deal with problems of passive Tea, Unethical interference in local government authorities and push them to buy green tea, Weaknesses in the education sector ,promoting the country's tea industry and government neglect in the cultivation and breeding of tea gardens and tea gardens release due to wrong policies of reform initiatives Tea, a very important point for the tea product that had a failure with the tea industry. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
74 - Factor analysis of the components of administrative requirements with the Social issues approach before Sports Privatization
mojtaba ahmadi Alimohammad Amirtash Alimohammad SafaniaThe aim of this study was factor analysis of the components of administrative requirements with the Social issues approach before Sports Privatization. Research methodology was exploratory mixed method. The statistical population was sports management professors, expert MoreThe aim of this study was factor analysis of the components of administrative requirements with the Social issues approach before Sports Privatization. Research methodology was exploratory mixed method. The statistical population was sports management professors, experts of sports privatization totally of 380 people and sample size was 198 people. The survey instrument was a semi-structured interview and researcher-made questionnaire. Form and content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by 12 professors of sport management. Reliability using Cronbach's alpha coefficient obtained α=0.79 and was approved. For data analysis, descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage, mean, etc.) and inferential (factor analysis) was used. All analysis using statistical software Lisrel 8.8 and Spss 20 at a significance level (α=0.05) was performed. The total variance explained showed that the research items comprise 6 factors and these factors account for about 67.945% of the variance, which in fact indicates the proper validity of the questions.The results showed that six categories of requirements before sports privatization were identified that respectively were updating the comprehensive sports plan (0.92), empowering the private sector (0.88), empowered human power (0.87), Monitoring and control (0.85), Organization and structure (0.81), Services (0.79) requirements. According to the results it can be concluded that the the country's sports authorities must pay attention to the components of the executive commitment that are appropriate to the social conditions of the community before giving the sport to the private sector. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
75 - Family killings sociological explanation (Ardebil, 1394/2015)
Taha Ashayeri MOHAMMAD JAVANMARD Ali jahangirpourFamily killings are part of the social harm and violence, that in developing countries more than developed countries. Family killings are part of a murder among in-laws, relative or a family member occur motivated and different contexts. The aim of the present study soc MoreFamily killings are part of the social harm and violence, that in developing countries more than developed countries. Family killings are part of a murder among in-laws, relative or a family member occur motivated and different contexts. The aim of the present study sociological explanation for Family murders using survey method and questionnaire technique is to answer the research question. Morgan’s formula to determine the sample size of 194 people and criterion validity has been confirmed by Cronbach's alpha. The findings indicate that the ethical, cultural revenge, hereditary divisions - civil, issues of honor, patriarchal family structure, secularization violence, social monitoring and ignorance of the laws of family honor killings correlated with marital discord, family relationship variables were not significant. Regression results show that the coefficient of determination is equal to 38/0 and multiple correlation coefficients equal to 42/0. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
76 - تأثیر پایشگری محیطی و برنامهریزی بازاریابی بر بهرهوری بازاریابی مقاصد گردشگری روستایی
سمیرا اله یاری ابولفضل (اردشیر) تاج زاده نمین علی بدیع زاده اکبر پورفرج -
Open Access Article
77 - بررسی عوامل مؤثر بر پایداری کسب و کارهای ورزشی با رویکرد اسلامی
محمد رضا قاسمی احمد ترک فر محمد صادق افروزه یونس محمد زاده -
Open Access Article
78 - Jurisprudential review of audience persuasion in mass media
Hossein HajipourPersuading the audience is an intelligent influencing process that mass media owners use in various ways to direct public opinion towards their goals, and perhaps the design and application of these methods are sometimes deceptive and inconsistent with Islamic Sharia; t MorePersuading the audience is an intelligent influencing process that mass media owners use in various ways to direct public opinion towards their goals, and perhaps the design and application of these methods are sometimes deceptive and inconsistent with Islamic Sharia; therefore, it is necessary to examine the issue based on Islamic jurisprudence. to be able to obtain the permissibility or impermissibility of persuasion by the mass media, which itself is an indication of innovation; for this reason, the present research with an analytical and inferential method, in addition to discovering the basics and principles of persuasion in the mass media, according to the jurisprudential issues , Tadlis, Tabarj, Testimony and Lying and based on the jurisprudence rules of authenticity, harmlessness, negation of mustache, important and important, and sanctity of contribution to the cause, examined the issue of persuasion in mass media.Persuasion and Jihad Explaining about the command of the good and the prohibition of the bad by the mass media is necessary and the principle is that people in the Islamic society trust the mass media, but not be gullible. It is not to hide the truth and to avoid spreading rumors, because some of them are like slander to the detriment of the believers and guarantees.Also, the promotion of haram in any form, such as the promotion of modeling in the mass media, is considered sacred because it is an accessory to the sin, and in addition, because any kind of infidel influence and domination over Islamic societies Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
79 - Cognitive exhaustion and solving cognitive problems:testing the moderating effect model of dispositional optimism
Hosein Zare Ali Khodaei Omid Shokrihe aim of the present study was to investigate the moderating effect of dispositional optimism in the relationship between cognitive exhaustion and solving cognitive problems. Three hundred university students completed the Life Orientation Test- Revised (LOT-R, Schie Morehe aim of the present study was to investigate the moderating effect of dispositional optimism in the relationship between cognitive exhaustion and solving cognitive problems. Three hundred university students completed the Life Orientation Test- Revised (LOT-R, Schier, Carver & Bridges, 1994). Forty students whose scores on the dispositional optimism were two standard deviations above or below the mean score were selected and randomly assigned into four groups each including ten participants. In the first phase of the experiment, experimental and control groups confronted with uncontrollable and controllable discriminative tasks, respectively. In the second phase of the experiment, all participants in the problem solving situation, replied to the anagram task. The data were analyzed using the two-way between subjects analysis of variance. The results indicated that there was a significant main effect of group and dispositional optimism but there was no significant interaction between group and dispositional optimism. Therefore, the relationship between cognitive exhaustion and solving cognitive problems was not moderated by dispositional optimism. These findings suggested the role of cognitive exhaustion variability and dispositional optimism in predicting problem solving and that the causal relation between cognitive exhaustion and problem solving is not a function of dispositional optimism variation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
80 - بررسی و نقد اطناب در مثنوی مولوی با تکیه بر ابیات دفتر اول و دوم
مهناز جعفریه نیره منتظری -
Open Access Article
81 - Domination of MetaphysicalIssues and its Challenges
Moosa Malayeri Saeideh SaeidiPhilosophyof science, among Muslim philosophers, embraces certain priory and crucial rules which the discursive-real sciences must take them as their logical structures. On the basis of the rules, each science should have its own subject and follow in the explanation, t MorePhilosophyof science, among Muslim philosophers, embraces certain priory and crucial rules which the discursive-real sciences must take them as their logical structures. On the basis of the rules, each science should have its own subject and follow in the explanation, the principles and rules of proof expand their domination in their determined boundaries, in their researches should intend the essential properties of subject as well. The later point has not been respected in the metaphysics and violated repeatedly by the philosophers. The subject of metaphysics is being qua being, and all predictions of issues must be essential accidents of the topic while many metaphysical predictions are not such. This methodological error has not been considered by most philosophers. Some others, representing certain solutions, having confessed and acknowledged this error. The most important solutions are two things: the first, the metaphysics has no specific subject. The second, the rules of the philosophy of science are preferable and unnecessary to be followed. The first solution which is the ancient one with a little revise has been accepted in this article as a modern solution. Accordingly, the different branches of philosophy which have their own specific and independent subjects and issues, in virtue of their method and basic issues, can be laid under general topic of philosophy as we can put the sciences under the title of experimental sciences. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
82 - بررسی مسائل کلیدی پیادهسازی سامانه مدیریت اطلاعات علم و فنآوری
اکرم هادی زاده مقدم حمید رامین مهر دنیا جهانسوزان -
Open Access Article
83 - بررسی مقایسهای مسائل جمعیتی موثر در حیات اجتماعی ایران و تاجیکستان
سعید خراطها -
Open Access Article
84 - بررسی مسأله اجتماعی محوری شهر تهران در سالهای نخست انقلاب اسلامیتا پایان جنگ (67-1357)و نسبت آن با شرایط اجتماعی حاکم بر این دوره
shirin alizadeh tahereh ghaderi -
Open Access Article
85 - بازتاب اندیشه های اجتماعی و اقتصادی در ادبیات فارسی
ali dehghan -
Open Access Article
86 - Balance-Sheet Management in a Development Bank Based on Math Word Problems
s.z Aboalhasani Kumleh فریدون Rahnamay Roodposhti Ahmad Shahvarani فرهاد Hosseinzadeh LotfiIn this paper, mathematical applications in balance-sheet management were examined, based on mathematical word problems, to provide asset-liability management reporting in a developmental bank. After reviewing the importance of balance-sheet management in banks, introdu MoreIn this paper, mathematical applications in balance-sheet management were examined, based on mathematical word problems, to provide asset-liability management reporting in a developmental bank. After reviewing the importance of balance-sheet management in banks, introducing development bank, the literature ant theoretical basis about mathematics word problems and applications of mathematical modelling in assets and liabilities management, two case of word problems (arithmetic and algebraic) were examined in balance-sheet management in which mathematical representing and modelling were used to solve problems, respectively. Then the results were interpreted in financial field. The results revealed mathematical representing and modelling helps to interpret balance-sheet information for managing assets and liabilities in a developmental bank. Regarding the results, balance-sheet management can be observed from the perspective of mathematical word problems. Therefore, it can result a more accurate interpretation of balance-sheet data in banks, based on accurate expressing mathematics and analysing problems in the real world. This sheds light on the necessity of giving attention to mathematical applications in balance-sheet management. Finally, it is recommended that in future research, conceptual understanding mathematics examine in solving word problems as balance-sheet management among users in such a way that understanding those concepts led to an increase in applying mathematics in finance affairs and consequently, accurate analysis and evaluation of financial data. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
87 - تحلیل مسائل مقدار مرزی دو بعدی خطی با استفاده از روش بدون المان کالوکیشن هرمیتی
محمدامین بهرامی مهرداد فروتنروش بدون المان کالوکیشن برای حل مسائل مقدار مرزی خطی مورد استفاده قرار می­­گیرد. این روش با روشهای بدون المان شکل ضعیف مانند روش گالرکین متفاوت است و احتیاجی به شبکه­بندی سلولی و انتگرال­گیری عددی ندارد. لذا محدودیتهای انتگرال­گیری عددی مانند زمانبر Moreروش بدون المان کالوکیشن برای حل مسائل مقدار مرزی خطی مورد استفاده قرار می­­گیرد. این روش با روشهای بدون المان شکل ضعیف مانند روش گالرکین متفاوت است و احتیاجی به شبکه­بندی سلولی و انتگرال­گیری عددی ندارد. لذا محدودیتهای انتگرال­گیری عددی مانند زمانبر بودن حل و دقت حل را ندارد و معادلات جدا شده می­توانند مستقیماً از شکل قوی معادلات دیفرانسیل پارهای حاکم بر مسئله تعیین شوند. اما مشکل اساسی این روش ناپایداری حل بهخصوص در حالت وجود شرایط مرزی شامل مشتق است. در این مقاله برای اعمال شرایط مرزی شامل مشتق از توابع شکل هرمیتی استفاده شده، چنانکه استفاده از این توابع شکل دقت حل را به طور قابل ملاحظه­ای بهبود بخشیده است. همچنین اثر پارامترهای مختلف مانند نوع توابع وزن، مرتبه بردار پایه، پارامتر اتساع و توزیع گره­ای بر روی دقت حل مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
88 - Study on economic effects of nomads accommodation of Ilshahr nomads in Bushehr province
Mohammad Faraji Somayeh Dehdari Mohammad Salehi Veisi Roohangiz Kazemi -
Open Access Article
89 - Investigating the Effective Factors on the Organizational Pathology of Knowledge Production in Islamic Azad University
Keyvan Kaveh Taghi AghaHosseini Mahboubeh Sadat FadaviThe purpose of this research was to investigate the factors affecting the organizational pathology of knowledge production in Islamic Azad University. The method of the present research was a quantitative survey type, and applied in terms of the goal. The statistical po MoreThe purpose of this research was to investigate the factors affecting the organizational pathology of knowledge production in Islamic Azad University. The method of the present research was a quantitative survey type, and applied in terms of the goal. The statistical population of the present study included all full-time professors of the Islamic Azad Universities in the North, South, East, West, and Central regions, including the Islamic Azad Universities of Sari, Isfahan, Kerman, Khorramabad, and Shiraz, with a total number of 1389. 305 people were selected as the sample size by random sampling method based on Cochran's formula. The research tool was a researcher-made questionnaire, the validity of which was based on the professors' point of view, and its reliability was calculated (0.89) based on Cronbach's alpha. For data analysis, confirmatory factor analysis and structural equations were used with Pls Smart3 software. The findings showed that strategy, structure, and process variables directly and strategy variable indirectly explain 96.8% of knowledge production pathology through structure and process variables. Also, the structure and the process variables explain respectively 49.6 and 58.4 percent of the pathology of knowledge production. 38.7% of the changes in knowledge production is related to the direct effect of the strategy, 39% of the changes in knowledge production is related to the effect of structure, 32% of the changes in knowledge production is related to the direct effect of the process, 70.5% of the changes is related to the structure of the direct effect of strategy, 36.5% of the changes is related to the process of the direct effect of strategy, and 46.3% of the changes of the process variable is related to the direct effect of the structure. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
90 - Investigating the Relationship between Self-Control Strategies, Financial Literacy of Managers and Quality of Decision Making in Process of Financial Issues of Supply Chain of Companies (Case study: companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange)
Sedighe Toutian Esfahani Hossein Eslami Mofid Abadi Elahe BarkhordariThe main purpose of this research was to investigate the relationship between self-control strategies, financial literacy and decision-making quality in the in process of financial issues of supply chain of companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. The present rese MoreThe main purpose of this research was to investigate the relationship between self-control strategies, financial literacy and decision-making quality in the in process of financial issues of supply chain of companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. The present research method is based on the applied purpose and based on data collection, a descriptive-correlational research. The research method is based on the purpose of a descriptive -analytical research, in terms of process is quantitative-qualitative implementation, in terms of implementation result is applied and in terms of time is a cross-sectional research. The research population also includes all active participants in the Tehran Stock Exchange (academic and capital market experts, investors, traders, official brokers of the Iranian Stock Exchange). Due to the unlimited number of statistical populations, 384 statistical samples were selected by simple random sampling method according to Karajsi and Morgan table table. Also, in this research, data collection has been done using library method and field information. Also, the validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by using the views of the supervisor and consultant and some experts in this field and to determine the reliability of the questionnaire, Cronbach's alpha method and its validity was 0.792. In generally, the research results show that there is a significant statistical relationship between self-control strategies financial literacy strategies of managers (money and reserve management, financial and credit management and investment planning) and decision quality in the financial issues of financial issues of supply chain of companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
91 - Identification and prioritization of necessary infrastructure for implementation of maintenance strategies in Tabriz Tractor Company using fuzzy TOPSIS
saba sadeghi gavgani Akbar Valizadeh Oghani Mohammad TaheriToday, maintenance plays an essential role in production systems and has a significant impact on achieving organizational goals, reducing equipment downtime, product quality, increasing productivity, and equipment safety. The purpose of this study is identification, and MoreToday, maintenance plays an essential role in production systems and has a significant impact on achieving organizational goals, reducing equipment downtime, product quality, increasing productivity, and equipment safety. The purpose of this study is identification, and prioritization the necessary infrastructure for the implementation of maintenance strategies in Tabriz Tractor Manufacturing Company using fuzzy TOPSIS. The statistical population of the present study includes two groups of professors of management and industrial engineering, experts in this field, and managers and experts of Tabriz Tractor Manufacturing Company. The sample size of the first stage was determined based on theoretical saturation. The interviews continued to go on, as they did not add new interviews to the findings. In the second stage to determine the statistical sample of the research,76 people were selected using Cochran's formula. It was obtained by studying similar texts and studies, four main criteria, and 14 sub-criteria. The results show that in the infrastructure of implementation of maintenance strategies in Tabriz Tractor Manufacturing Company, financial issues are of particular importance, and manpower factors, equipment barriers, and structural factors fall into the next categories of this ranking respectively. Manuscript profile
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