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Open Access Article
1 - Entrepreneurship of Women (Case Study of Industrial Park of Tehran and Semnan)
Afsaneh Varestefar Mahnaz VakilifardEntrepreneur is someone who accepts financial risks to enter into business to develop and expand new products through creativity and innovation and to overcome rivals. Women entrepreneurial has a prominent role in the economy, economists, know entrepreneurs as economic MoreEntrepreneur is someone who accepts financial risks to enter into business to develop and expand new products through creativity and innovation and to overcome rivals. Women entrepreneurial has a prominent role in the economy, economists, know entrepreneurs as economic growth and development in the community .Given the current situation, and large bureaucratic state, the government is facing with youth and women unemployment and to solve this problem is to identify the factors influencing women entrepreneurship and barriers to provide entrepreneurship development by cultural diversity and finding new sources of women's entrepreneurship. For this purpose, qualitative research and theoretical study, library, interviews in field offices method are used. Of the population among entrepreneurs 130 people in Tehran 4 people, 77 people Semnan, 4 people, were opened interviewed randomly targeted and unstructured and elements and obstacles have been extracted among interviews, results indicate that environmental barriers have greater effect on women's entrepreneurship that needs government's support for entrepreneurship development. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Apply Capital Budgeting Techniques in the Firms Accepted in Exchange Stock of Tehran
Gh. Talebnia H. ValipoorFavorable implementation of capital assets depends on accurate appraising of them before implementation.This generally happens through capital budgeting techniques. The purpose of the research is to study how toapply capital budgeting techniques, and whether not applied MoreFavorable implementation of capital assets depends on accurate appraising of them before implementation.This generally happens through capital budgeting techniques. The purpose of the research is to study how toapply capital budgeting techniques, and whether not applied, study the obstacles of these techniques.The population of the research. Is financial managers of the firms accepted in exchange stock and the samplewas selected through simple random. The information was gathered through questionnaire. Descriptive andanalytic statistics were used for analyzing in formations.The results represent that the firms do not used these techniques. And payback period was the most usedmethod among the firms. Other findings show significant relationship between cost of investment andapplied techniques. But no significant relationship was seen between education and applied techniques.Other findings show that education and technical, structural and environmental obstacles, causes implyingcapital budgeting techniques. Of course educational and technical obstacles have had the most influence. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Identification and Prioritization of Obstacles in Implementation of Public Policies in Governmental Organizations via Multivariate Decision-Making Models
حسن رنگریز bahram moazeniBackground: Implementation of policies is the manifestation of words and slogans into action. Various challenges, obstacles and limitations exists which could obstruct the implementation of policies. Purpose: The aim this study is identification and prioritization of t MoreBackground: Implementation of policies is the manifestation of words and slogans into action. Various challenges, obstacles and limitations exists which could obstruct the implementation of policies. Purpose: The aim this study is identification and prioritization of the obstacles in implementation of public policies in Iranian governmental organizations via multi-criteria decision-making models. Method: The present research is applied in terms of purpose, and with respect to the nature of the data, descriptive and survey. Initially, by means of a comprehensive literature review and evaluation of previous published results, obstacles for implementation of public policies were identified and extracted. Moreover, Shannon’s entropy technique was utilized to screen the identified obstacles. Moreover, via distributing the questionnaire, the pairwise comparisons between the factors was performed and the weights were calculated. In addition, based on the weights, and by means of TOPSIS, VIKOR and SAW methods, prioritization of obstacles for implementation of the public policy was established. Because the results from the aforementioned methods yielded inconsistencies in some cases, the Copeland's pairwise aggregation method was utilized for reaching a consensus on ranking. Validity of questionnaires was confirmed by experts. Results: Among the obstacles, for implementation of the public policies examined in this study multiplicity of goals, ambiguity in setting the goals, and unrealistic policies gained the highest score and were ranked first. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Identifying obstacles to the implementation of public policies in the Central Bank's Deputy Supervisor Group using the meta-combination method
Mohammad Ali Bayati saeed sayadi Ebrahim Givaki sanjar salajeghe amin nikpurObjective: In order to properly perform their duties to society, governments are required to implement policies that, if not implemented properly, could lead to a reduction in the level of welfare, backwardness of the country, and public dissatisfaction .The purpose of MoreObjective: In order to properly perform their duties to society, governments are required to implement policies that, if not implemented properly, could lead to a reduction in the level of welfare, backwardness of the country, and public dissatisfaction .The purpose of this study is to identify the implementation of public policy in the Central Bank Deputy Supervisor using the meta-combination identification method.Research Method: Since reviewing and summarizing the findings of previous studies is an important step in drawing a comprehensive picture of them, their meta-combination has been considered. In the first step, by comprehensive search of sources, 150 sources were obtained, from which in a 3-stage refinement, 35 articles very related to the qualitative research method were selected. Concepts were extracted from the articles and by re-reading the concepts, the categories were extracted.Findings: Data analysis eventually led to the enumeration of 8 dimensions and 59 categories and the formation of a theoretical model.Results: The results show that policy barriers, implementation barriers, support and financial barriers, implementation barriers, managerial barriers, environmental barriers, structural and organizational barriers and regulatory barriers are among the barriers affecting the implementation of public policies in Deputy Supervisor of the Central Bank Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Concerns Coupled with Pedestrianization and Implementation Methods
Seyed Majid Mofidi Shemirani Navid Saeidi Rezvani Seyed Mostafa Razavi -
Open Access Article
6 - Obstacles facing women in holding the post of head of sports federations of Iran
jamal shayegan FARIBA MOHAMMADIAN zahra nobakht ramazaniThis research was done with the aim of identifying the obstacles faced by women in holding the post of president of Iranian sports federations. In terms of the method of data collection, the current research was a mixed and applied type of research. The statistical popu MoreThis research was done with the aim of identifying the obstacles faced by women in holding the post of president of Iranian sports federations. In terms of the method of data collection, the current research was a mixed and applied type of research. The statistical population included all female managers of the Ministry of Sports, the National Olympic Committee, sports federations, and female transnational champions (214 people), who were identified by interviewing 32 experts using the theoretical saturation method of existing challenges. Data analysis was done in the qualitative part of the Max Kiuda method and the interpretive structural qualitative model. The results of the research showed that the challenges faced by women in holding the post of president of sports federations of Iran, the lack of promotion of women in the job position due to organizational stereotypes and prejudices and the state of the power structure and male political roles in the body of sports and government have been mentioned the most. And women are considered to be more involved in the organizational factor and the succession factors, economic, family, cultural, personal, political, attitudinal and finally social factors have been identified as the next challenges respectively. According to the results of the research, organizational obstacles and succession are involved in holding the position of president for women, women should believe in their abilities and show sensitivity to their issues and try to raise their demands in sports organizations for holding managerial positions through law and logic. and follow up Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Criminological analysis of auditory drugs and prevention challenges in it
shahram cheraghi ali pourjavaheri ali jamadiAuditory narcotics are sound stimuli that are used through the auditory faculty, and by having the characteristic of neural conditioning, they simulate the unjustified states of other known traditional and industrial narcotics with the minimum sensory level of alcohol a MoreAuditory narcotics are sound stimuli that are used through the auditory faculty, and by having the characteristic of neural conditioning, they simulate the unjustified states of other known traditional and industrial narcotics with the minimum sensory level of alcohol and the maximum consumption of heroin in the neurological faculties of the users. they do This research, using the library method and practical purpose, analyzed and described the criminological foundations and reasons for the tendency towards this sinister phenomenon and it was determined in this regard; This unknown approach, due to the indifference of civil norm-making institutions and weakness in internalizing its social ugliness, is devoid of the characteristic of drug labeling and shaming, and due to weak self-esteem; Imitation and change in lifestyle and social leisure, as well as the curiosity of drug users in experiencing the false excitement of recombinant sounds, the preferential tendency to use it has increased, especially among people with behavioral risk, and for this reason, social control and the adoption of preventive measures, including Public and criminal in it has faced a serious challenge due to the nature of beneficial choice and the speed of action in consumption, as well as the secrecy of the identity of the user and the lack of obstacles in education and the deprivation of opportunities for use and the emergence of the inherent characteristic of the movement of the criminal. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Necessities and obstacles of using the secret operation of entrapment in the economic crime of money laundering
Mohammad Pirani Asghar Abbasi Ali GhorbaniBackground and purpose – Economic crime have led to destructive effects and negative economic consequences for the country. Special characteristics, including low visibility, high dark figure, dynamism, wide scope of danger, and special information make detection MoreBackground and purpose – Economic crime have led to destructive effects and negative economic consequences for the country. Special characteristics, including low visibility, high dark figure, dynamism, wide scope of danger, and special information make detection of these crimes difficult. Thus, secret entrapment operations can be considered as a suitable solution to fight against this type of crimes. However, the lack of recognition of the necessities of and obstacles to the enforcement of secret entrapment operations for economic crimes will cause doubts both in the enforcement or non- enforcement of these operations as well as in the public’s minds, making them unoptimistic towards the nature of such operations. This study attempts to answer the questions that: “what are the main obstacles and necessities of the enforcement of the secret entrapment operations for the economic crime of money laundering?” and “how can these necessities and obstacles be explained?”Methodology – This study is descriptive-analytical and has investigated and analyzed the above-mentioned questions using the library and note-taking methods.Findings and results –While explaining the necessities and obstacles of the enforcement of a secret entrapment operation for the economic crime of money laundering, this study can be successful on the one hand for guiding the police, designers and operators of secret operations in the enforcement of secret entrapment operations, and on the other hand, increase the public's trust in the police and judicial system. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Analysis of Socio-Cultural Obstacles for Dissemination of Nanotechnology from Agricultural Experts Perspective in Iran
S.M. Mirdamadi -
Open Access Article
10 - Barriers of Entrepreneurship Education Courses Delivering in Agricultural Applied Scientific Education Centers (AASECs); Case of Fars Province, Iran
Mahdi Rahmanian Koushkaki Mohammad Chizari Enayat Abbasi -
Open Access Article
11 - Examining obstacles and solutions for the development of public sports in the Corona and postCorona eras in Lorestan province
houshang garavand Nouredin Alahdadi Hassan Jafari Saeideh Sabzian The aim of the current research was to examining obstacles and solutions for the development ofpublic sports in the Corona and post-Corona eras in Lorestan province. This research is applied to the purposeof applied research, from the viewpoint of exploratory data More The aim of the current research was to examining obstacles and solutions for the development ofpublic sports in the Corona and post-Corona eras in Lorestan province. This research is applied to the purposeof applied research, from the viewpoint of exploratory data and from the research methodology to data type ofthe foundation and cross-sectional survey. In the qualitative section of sports activists, they were considered as aresearch community. Using a targeted snowball method by conducting 9 interviews, the researcher hasidentified that the information gathered has reached saturation point. The statistical population of the researchin the quantitative section was composed of 100 people by all sports activists. Based on simple randomsampling, 80 people are selected. Qualitative data analysis showed that point of view of the interviewees in 13components, barriers to public sports in 16 components, solutions for the development of public sports in the eraof Corona in 23 components, obstacles to the development of public sports in normal or post-corona conditionsin 15 components and The solutions for the development of public sports under normal conditions werecategorized into 19 components. In the quantitative part, the data obtained using Friedman's test showed thatthe most important effects of Corona on sports are "closure of sports clubs and venues"; The most importantobstacles to the development of public sports are "the closure of recreational centers, swimming pools andpublic centers"; The most important solutions for the development of public sports "Promotion of public sports". Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - A sociological survey about humanity and structural obstacles of the growth of applied social researches in Iran, 2010-2011
Yaqoub Mousavi Forough Zaer Sabet -
Open Access Article
13 - The Investigation of Structural Obstacles for Emergence and Improving Cultural Development in Iran; Challenges and Strategies
Mansour Vosoughi Hashem Aram Goodarz Salmani -
Open Access Article
14 - A Study on Obstacles to Entrepreneurship in Rural Areas of Marvdasht in Order to Reduce Unemployment
leila panahi حمداله پیشرو محمدصادق شاهقلیThere are a lot of problems in rural areas of Iran and villages located in Marvdasht;one of them is unemployment of the youth,especially educated ones. Ignorance about the problem during the past years has made the youth immigrate to cities in Fars province and has made MoreThere are a lot of problems in rural areas of Iran and villages located in Marvdasht;one of them is unemployment of the youth,especially educated ones. Ignorance about the problem during the past years has made the youth immigrate to cities in Fars province and has made them to have unsuitable jobs. The study has been carried out to identify obstacle to the establishment and development of entrepreneurship in rural areas of Marvdasht. The period of time which is used in the study is within 2014-2015. The methods used in the study for data analysis, are strategic planning and using SWOT. The data collection for the study has been done by interview and brainstorming, due to the nature of the subject and illiteracy in rural areas. The results of the study show that two categories of factors play important roles in development of entrepreneurship in these areas. The first category is internal factors in the village. And the second category is related to function of the economic system (stagflation.),which has created many problems for development of entrepreneurship. Finally,there are some recommendations for removing obstacles to development of entrepreneurship in rural areas of Marvdasht and establishment of employment opportunities in these areas Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - Identifying the challenges and obstacles of religious tourism in the sustainable development of Mehran based on the grounded theory model
Mohammad faraji darabkhani Hoshang MoradiToday, tourism has become one of the largest, most attractive and most profitable industries in the world economy And it is considered the impellent of positive changes in geographical spaces, including urban spaces. Therefore, today in the economy of many countries suc MoreToday, tourism has become one of the largest, most attractive and most profitable industries in the world economy And it is considered the impellent of positive changes in geographical spaces, including urban spaces. Therefore, today in the economy of many countries such as Iran, which depend on the export of a single product such as oil, Tourism development can generate a lot of income. The city of Mehran By having important location and border and customs terminal and the shortest distance from important pilgrimage cities and the political capital of Iraq. are known with the dominant performance of services based on export, import and transportation of goods and passengers; Especially religious tourists for the huge procession of Arbaeen and Atbat - e Aliayat. So that every year more than 70% of several million religious tourists transit From Mehran city for Arbaeen. Therefore, identifying the obstacles and factors preventing the development of religious tourism in this city as the goal of this research is very important for its sustainable physical, economic, socio-cultural and environmental development. This research is descriptive-analytical in quiddity and practical in terms of purpose And the data and information were obtained using the library method and in-depth interview. The method used in this research is "grounded theory" or "contextual theory". The statistical population of this research includes 18 knowledgeable and expert people who were also active in the field of religious tourism and were selected by purposeful sampling. The interview with the target community continued until the saturation limit was reached, and the content analysis method was used to analyze the data. The data obtained from the interview was open, central and selective triple coding and 53 concepts and 8 categories were obtained from the data. The results of this research indicate the existence of a four-dimensional structure that includes obstacles; Economic, socio-cultural, infrastructure-management and environment. The results of this research can help the policy makers to adopt smarter policies and strategies in order to remove the mentioned obstacles for the mutual sustainable development of religious and urban tourism. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - Obstacles and strategies of privatization of water and wastewater companies (according to law of correcting articles of forth plan of country development) case study: Tehran
رضا نجف بیگی علیرضا محمودیWater is as a valuable material that is limited and is used for economic sections such as production, infrastructure and services. Urban water distribution network and healthy sewerage system like many other utilities, traditionally was the duties of government. But cur MoreWater is as a valuable material that is limited and is used for economic sections such as production, infrastructure and services. Urban water distribution network and healthy sewerage system like many other utilities, traditionally was the duties of government. But current experiments show that provision of utilities needed wasn't according to expectations. In law of amendment of article of fourth plan of government development, privatization has been chosen as a solution for solving these problems. What are obstacles of privatization of water and wastewater companies (Tehran)? To know obstacles, some descriptive research with applicatory aim was done. In first questionnaire, 39 experts' opinions were taken about (Tehran) water and wastewater industry section which were faculty member of water and sewage department of university in water and electricity industry, and in second questionnaire 15 persons' opinions was taken. The result of research according to current hypothesis is that there are structural, economic, social and cultural, legal, and political obstacles in privatization of water and sewage companies especially in Tehran to private sector. By using dematel and fuzzy logy, economic, “social and cultural” obstacles as effective and other “legal”, “structural” and “political” obstacles are influenced by two former obstacles. So by decreasing economic, social and cultural obstacles because of affecting on other obstacles, changes in direction of decreasing legal, structural and political obstacles would happen. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - Developmental Barriers of E-learning in College of Agriculture of Bu-Ali Sina University
Heshmatollah Saadi Khalil Mirzaei Reza Movahedi Masoud SamianThe main objective of this study was to investigate the barriers and guidelines in the development of e-learning in the College of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, from the perspective of students (MA and PhD). Scope of this study is faculty of Agriculture, Universi MoreThe main objective of this study was to investigate the barriers and guidelines in the development of e-learning in the College of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, from the perspective of students (MA and PhD). Scope of this study is faculty of Agriculture, University of Bu Ali Sina. The required data for this study has been developed using a survey method and questionnaire technique. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was used to determine the reliability in which the reliability of the questionnaire was obtained 0.85. Population samples of this research were the 280 students that were selected by multistage random sampling. The results showed that administrative barriers such the cooperation of science ministry information communication and technology to develop e-learning courses, shortage and lack of local production, the required facilities for e-leaning lack of knowledgeable faculty members in modern educational technologies were the main causes of barriers. Therefore, meeting such administrative barriers lead to e-learning development. Factor analysis was used for data analysis in which the following six factors were identified: motivation barriers, credit barriers, infrastructure barriers, technical limitations, human barriers and facility equipment barriers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - The Effect of Thickness and Number of Permeable Obstacles on Density Current Control and Trapping
Alireza Jahangir Kazem Esmaili Mahmoud Faghfour MaghrebiUnderstanding and studying the river flooding, which in most cases is density current, can help to reduce adverse effects of sedimentation. To this end, the creation of obstacles in the bed of stream will be effective. In this paper, the effect of thickness (dimension) MoreUnderstanding and studying the river flooding, which in most cases is density current, can help to reduce adverse effects of sedimentation. To this end, the creation of obstacles in the bed of stream will be effective. In this paper, the effect of thickness (dimension) and the second layer of permeable obstacles on the control and trapping of density current is investigated experimentally. For this purpose, two types of groove and cavity obstacles with grooves and cavity diameters equal to 3 mm and made of plaque glass were used. Density currents were created by adding an insoluble, suspended polymer of expanded polystyrene with a mean diameter of 1.15 mm and a density of 1.155 g / l. The experiments utilized two different concentrations (10 and 20%), five different porosities, four different angles, four different thicknesses and two barrier layers. The results showed that the density current process with 10% porosity of the groove obstacle increased with increasing thickness. The second layer of obstacles have increased the material passage through both groove and cavity obstacles. This increase was recorded in the groove type of 1.96 and the cavity type of 2.34. Investigations showed that the optimal distance of the second obstacle from the first was 2.25 meters. According to the results, under similar conditions, cavity obstacles always perform better than groove ones. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - Investigation the effect of porosity on the thermohydraulic performance of a solar air collector with perforated obstacles
Amin Ghalenoei Majid SabzpooshaniBackground and Objective: Due to undesirable thermo-physical properties of the air, the solar air collectors do not benefit from the high thermal efficiency and need to be improved with the help of different methods. In this study, the effects of using various obstacles MoreBackground and Objective: Due to undesirable thermo-physical properties of the air, the solar air collectors do not benefit from the high thermal efficiency and need to be improved with the help of different methods. In this study, the effects of using various obstacles on the thermohydraulic performance of a collectors were examined experimentally and compared to the performance of a simple collector. Material and Methodology: A solar air collector was designed, built and tested under the environmental conditions of Abadan city in Khuzestan province. Three different perforated obstacles with three hole sizes (3, 4 and 5 cm) were placed on the absorber plate. Measured parameters include the temperature of inlet and outlet air, absorber plate, pressure drop and solar radiation. Measurements were made for two different air flux (0.0218 and 0.0364 kg/s). Findings: It has become clear that using various perforated obstacles increases the temperature difference between inlet and outlet air and subsequently their efficiencies compared to a simple conventional collector. It was also noted that in all cases, the increase in mass flowrate causes increasing the effective and thermal efficiency of system and decreasing the temperature difference between inlet and outlet air. Temperature difference in the best case (perforated obstacles with 3 cm holes) for each of the two flowrates increases twice compared to the simple collector. Also, the highest amount of average efficiency for two flowrates is 68% and 83% and the average effective efficiency is 28.4% and 34.1%. Discussion and Conclusion: With the reduction of sizes of the holes in the perforated obstacles, the rate of heat transfer and subsequently the thermal efficiency of the collector will increase due to increasing the turbulence of the flow. This causes the pressure drop to rise up as well but also has a positive effect of increasing the temperature difference which dominates the negative effect of the pressure drop and eventually it becomes clear that there is a direct relation between increasing the effective efficiency with reducing the size of the holes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - Obstacles and Challenges of Implementing New Procedures of International Environmental Law in Iranian Law
Fatemeh Sadat Ojaghzadeh Mohammadi Ali mashhadi Alireza ArashpoorThere are many international treaties and modern procedures in environmental protection which are subject tothe modern legal principles and rules that can contribute greatly to the expansion of International Environmental Laws. The procedure of most modern treaties has MoreThere are many international treaties and modern procedures in environmental protection which are subject tothe modern legal principles and rules that can contribute greatly to the expansion of International Environmental Laws. The procedure of most modern treaties has been based on compensation for environmental damages in a way that even the treaties and conventions that did not mention compensation for damages in the past were amended in the following editions and sessions. Iran, likemany other countries, is a member of Protocols, Conventions, and Environmental Treaties such as Climate Change Convention, Ramsar Convention, Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer, Basel Convention, Cartagena Protocol, Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution, but it (Iran) has not been very successful in Environmental Laws and implementation of Legal Practices in Environmental Protection in such a way that there is not much obligation regarding Environmental Protection and in cases where the government itself is the damaging party (side) to the environment, Real Entities or Private Non-Governmental Organization are in no position to defend or make Environmental Complaints against the Government. Also, Iran’s Legal Policy for the Environmental Compensation of environmental damagesis based on the Theory of Fault and practically there are a lot of problems for the injured party to prove the fault. Therefore, the primary reason for the difficultiesof implementing the Modern Practices of International Environmental Law in Iranian Law is due to the infirmity andapproval of Environmental Laws as well as the lack of obligation of the Government and Institutions to implement the international convention. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - Study and analyzing the obstacles to achieving humanperfection in the Holy Qur'an
mohammadreza azimi alireza abdorrahimi faraj behzadStudy and analyzing the obstacles to achieving humanperfection in the Holy Qur'anAbstract:Human perfection is one of the important topics and goals of the Holy Qur'an. But we see that the Almighty God creates billions of people, but at any time, a small number of these MoreStudy and analyzing the obstacles to achieving humanperfection in the Holy Qur'anAbstract:Human perfection is one of the important topics and goals of the Holy Qur'an. But we see that the Almighty God creates billions of people, but at any time, a small number of these innumerable human beings can be perfected and as a human being, which is the purpose of God for the sake of mankin. Therefore, the research question is what are the barriers to achieving human perfection. According to the research hypothesis, it seems that the barriers to achieving human perfection and their virtues have been expressed through numerous verses from the Quran. In this research, with descriptive-analytical method and library study and using interpretive and narrative resources, by examining the number of 110 Quranic verses, forty barriers were extracted as obstacles to achieving human perfection, and classified in the four groups of obstacles: belief, internal and physical, material and erotic, behavioral and social groups. Then analyzed by qualitative content analysis method and categorized in 11 groups according to the threats of verses. The findings of the research indicate a direct relationship between the severity of the barriers and the severity of the obstacles. Consequently, the barriers to belief are the most severe and most important threats, and thus the main obstacles. Forty obstacles, in fact, are forty hijab perfection that by overcoming one of these hijabs a person can complete a degree of perfection. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - Survey on some obstacles of the ways to overcome them from Quran and Hadis point of view
Elaheh Salimzadeh Mohammad Hossein TavanayiMan always seeks for promotion and success depends on the way of approach of man towards himself and the world around him. Difficulties in the life are inevitable. Different factors such as lack of self confidence, fear, sadness, anger and so many others stops him of po MoreMan always seeks for promotion and success depends on the way of approach of man towards himself and the world around him. Difficulties in the life are inevitable. Different factors such as lack of self confidence, fear, sadness, anger and so many others stops him of positive thinking, leading to lose his anxiety and comfort and lowers success dramatically. Human will feel happiness powered by God and find the way to success. Current study surveys some of these obstacles and finds the solutions to overcome them via Quran and Ahlolbeit point of view. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - Inheritance in the assumption of religious differences
maryam kohansal سیذمهدی میرداداشی محمد صادقیThe division of the deceased’s inheritance/legacy among his/her heirs is an issue regarding which each heavenly religions has its own specific rules and regulations. As there are some differences regarding the inheritance in the Fiqh (Jurisprudence) of the religi MoreThe division of the deceased’s inheritance/legacy among his/her heirs is an issue regarding which each heavenly religions has its own specific rules and regulations. As there are some differences regarding the inheritance in the Fiqh (Jurisprudence) of the religions, for instance though some subjects like oal (literally means domination and increase) and Taseeb (literally and legally means paternal relative, and legally it means the rejection of the amount of inheritance that is more than the share of heirs) are not covered by the Shiite Fiqh, such subjects and the rules regarding the inheritance are recognized by the State laws for respecting the followers of other heavenly religions. However the problems raises if the legator and inheritor/s are of different religions. For example when the deceased is Sunni and the inheritor is Shiite or vice versa. Given that the inheritors are not of the same religion and considering the differences in the Islamic sects regarding the rules around the legacy, a question raises that what will be the criteria for decision making in this regard? Answering the above question, it should be mentioned that: In accordance with the single Article on the permission for observing the status of the non-Shiite Iranian individuals, passed in 1933, and the explicitation made by the second clause of said article, and according to the advisory comments issued in this regard and the analysis of the reasons dealt with by the present study, the above mentioned Act shall be enforced. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - The Impediments of Transition to Democracy in the Islamic Republic of Iran in the 5th Decade
Askari Pourhabib Ali Karimi Mellah Majid Tavassoli RokanabadiThe purpose of the present study is to review the most important impediments to transition to democracy in the Islamic Republic of Iran in the 5th decade with a futuristic approach. Among different methods of futurology, analysis of the selected process with a qualitati MoreThe purpose of the present study is to review the most important impediments to transition to democracy in the Islamic Republic of Iran in the 5th decade with a futuristic approach. Among different methods of futurology, analysis of the selected process with a qualitative approach was used in this research. The research population was composed of a selection of academic experts in the subject of political transition and the sample size was determined by theoretical consecutive sampling. Data collection instrument was a semi-structured interview that reached theoretical saturation by doing 16 interviews. The results showed that some factors such as structural and normative integrity between the dominant elites, weak civil society, lack of economic prerequisites, and a rentier state are among the most important impediments to peaceful transition to democracy and strengthening that in the 5th decade of the revolution. These obstacles in front of democracy in the 5th decade of the revolution have a social and structural nature that decelerate the process of peaceful advancement to democracy and strengthening that by an accumulative effect on each other as well as on the political structure and cause that transition to democracy in the 5th decade of the revolution does not proceed with an expected speed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - Investigating the Joint Obstacles in Lyric Verses of Weiss and Ramin
Yasamin Aghayi Mofrad Masoud PakdelComplication is one of the important, attractive and exciting elements of the story. Joint obstacles are the most casual and the most interesting complications that the famous story tellers used beautifully. The poet of lyric verse Weiss and Ramin is also among them. Su MoreComplication is one of the important, attractive and exciting elements of the story. Joint obstacles are the most casual and the most interesting complications that the famous story tellers used beautifully. The poet of lyric verse Weiss and Ramin is also among them. Such obstacles would increase the attractiveness of the story and at the same time encourage the readers and listeners to follow the adventure enthusiastically. It is in a way that until s/he reaches the level of resolution. Often at the end of the story con not quench the thirst. In this verses has lovers with different names. One of them is Viro and since he exits the scene soon the obstacles in the way of Mobed shah and Ramin are more colorful. By reading the story and mentioning the poetic evidences such obstacles will be investigated. This study shows that Mobed-Shah has more obstacles than Ramin and the role of women in success or failure in love affairs is more remarkable and because of Weiss's support, the winner is finally Ramin. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - The Study of Main Obstacles of Research â Based Development in Branches of Kerman Provinces Islamic Azad University
Hedayat Tirgar Hassan Mohammad TehraniThe present research was done to study the main obstacles of research – based developments in the branches of Kerman province Islamic Azad University. For this purpose a sample of people of faculty’s members ( men and women) and a sample of people ( female studen MoreThe present research was done to study the main obstacles of research – based developments in the branches of Kerman province Islamic Azad University. For this purpose a sample of people of faculty’s members ( men and women) and a sample of people ( female students and male students) of district s different branches of the region of Islamic Azad university were selected at random and evaluated by use the of a articled questionnaire which had been planned for this very purpose. Study s results indicated that from point the of view of members of faculty. the most significant obstacles of research-based development in branches are as the follos manner: Social and cultural obstacles . Shortage of economic and financial abilities . Executive and administrative obstacles .From students point of view the most significant obstacles of research– based development in the branches are as follows: Shortage of economic and financial potential . Executive and administrative obstacles . Social and cultural obstacles . This study also revealed that the agents related to faculty s members from students point of view and faculty members (respectively and ) are not considered as a serious obstacle for of branches research-based development. These findings relatively conform to the findings of other studies related to the research- based development’s obstacles. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - Survey on Students Participation Obstacles in Secondary School Activities in Tehran City
رسول داودیThe purpose of this study is to explore obstacles of student participation in secondary school activities in Tehran city. The research questions were written based on the research purpose. To ansewer the research questions, in addition to reviewing literature the opinio MoreThe purpose of this study is to explore obstacles of student participation in secondary school activities in Tehran city. The research questions were written based on the research purpose. To ansewer the research questions, in addition to reviewing literature the opinions of statistical samples were collected using questionnaire and by cluster random sampling. The participants were «students» (1230) and «school authorities & teachers» (240). The research method was «applied research» in term of purpose and it was «survey and correlation research» in term of data collecting method. The results revealed that there are various obstacles for participating students in school activities such as: socio-cultural, managerial, structural, motivational, individual and legal obstacles. After analyzing data by descriptive and inferential statistics illustrated that student participation obstacles is medium from both sample groups point of view. Among participation obstacles, legal and motivative obstacles were more than other obstacles. Furthermore logistic regression analysis showed that among demographic variables the "membership in student council" and "educational locale" variables were as regressor variables for participation obstacles Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - Structural Pathology of Higher Education System in Executing its Five-Year Development Plans and Proposing Suitable Strategies
Mostafa Ejtehadi Rasol DavoudiAbstract The main purpose of this research is to study the structural obstacles in the higher education system in executing its development plans to suggest suitable strategies. To achieve this purpose, the opinions of three groups were studied including the senior MoreAbstract The main purpose of this research is to study the structural obstacles in the higher education system in executing its development plans to suggest suitable strategies. To achieve this purpose, the opinions of three groups were studied including the senior managers in government, the figures and experts in the field of planning and management, and administrative managers and employees. The last two groups were selected using judgment-sampling method. The research method was "applied research" in terms of purpose and so it was "content analysis", "survey research", and "correlational research" in terms of data collecting method. In addition to the review of the related literature, the desired data was gathered by analyzing the interview transcription of the senior managers as well as questionnaires. Descriptive and inferential statistics were employed to analyze the data and draw conclusions. According the findings, the obstacles to executing the development plans in the higher education system originate from its functional structure. The obstacles include: the lack of conformity between the structure and the particulars of the development plans, between the structure and the environment in which the plans carried out, and between the structure and the plans goals, which all resulted from functional structure of higher education system and its limits. Finally three strategies are proposed to overcome the structural obstacles to executing the development plans in the higher education sector. In order of importance, these strategies include participative culture, systematic or synthetic management, and matrix structure. On the basis of regression model, the proposed strategies have correlation with each other and play an effective role in removing the obstacles. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
29 - Identification and prioritization of obstacles in production of edible insects from perspective of livestock and poultry producers
Y. Ostadi Gh. Yavari M. Shokat Fadaei M. Ahmadian S. ImaniInsects can be used as a food in livestock and poultry. However, there may be some obstacles in using insects as animal’s diet. The priority of the obstacles from the perspective of animal husbandry managers was studied in two provinces, Alborz and Tehran, Iran. A MoreInsects can be used as a food in livestock and poultry. However, there may be some obstacles in using insects as animal’s diet. The priority of the obstacles from the perspective of animal husbandry managers was studied in two provinces, Alborz and Tehran, Iran. At first, the obstacles were categorized in 8 main and 87 sub-main indices providing a questionnaire given to 20 experts randomly to be filled up. The initial data derived from questionnaires were analyzed The weight of each index calculated and compare by using Expert Choice 11 software Results showed that the health and food obstacle, the culture and attitudes obstacle and the economic obstacles with the indices of 0.418, 0.231 and 0.143 were the most important, respectively. Amongst the sub-indices, the risk of row consumption of insects 0.054, uncertainty in security and health 0.051 and the residue of insecticides 0.047 were the most important obstacles in producing food for livestock and poultry. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
30 - Decent Work: Introducing the Obstacles Ahead
Hossein Askaripoor Geluyake Gholamreza Bordbar Mehdi Sabokro Ali Morovati Sharif Abadi -
Open Access Article
31 - Innovation in Fundraising: Reflection on the Financial Challenges of Public School Principals
Zahra Jalili Morteza TaheriBackground: Most schools participate in fundraising activities. These activities are common in the school and are considered as part of the work of principals. Schools face increasing pressures to provide quality services and reduce funding, which reveals the need to us MoreBackground: Most schools participate in fundraising activities. These activities are common in the school and are considered as part of the work of principals. Schools face increasing pressures to provide quality services and reduce funding, which reveals the need to use fundraising activities. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the objectives, obstacles and potential ways of fundraising from the viewpoint of school principals and deputies. Method: A semi-structured interview with nine school principals and deputies who had adequate experience was used to collect data. To analyze the data, content analysis and coding process was used. Findings: The results show that educational services are the most important goal of principals for fundraising. The socio-economic status of the family and principal communication skills are the main obstacles to these activities. Also, renting school space is the most important potential way of schools for fundraising. Conclusion: The results show that principals' goal is to raise funds for improving school quality. Also, the transparent expression of fundraising activities along with unambiguous school performance is one of the key factors behind the success of these activities. School principals can use their creativity and innovation, and according to the special school conditions, to plan and use fundraising activities. Keywords: Innovation in fundraising, School financial challenge, Obstacles to financing. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
32 - A Qualitative Approach Towards the Implementation of Urban Sustainability in Tehran
Soheil Arabi Mahmood Golabchi Mehrab Darabpour -
Open Access Article
33 - Islamic management strategies to curb government corruption in Iran
Babak Bahadori Hoseinali BahramzadehManagement organization and community value-based approach to a system that identity and legitimacy of their ideology is very important. investigated corruption in different aspects and different strategies for the prevention and control of it is presented In Iran has s MoreManagement organization and community value-based approach to a system that identity and legitimacy of their ideology is very important. investigated corruption in different aspects and different strategies for the prevention and control of it is presented In Iran has so far, But in studies, there is not mention a brief overview of the general legal guidelines, including laws and regulations and general managers in all government offices, to curbcorruption. This paper presents a comprehensive overview of the existing literature, considered the most important causes of corruption, laws, regulations, programs and general management in Iran over the past two decades to prevent and combat corruption and introduce checks, and Finally refers to the obstacles and challenges facing health systems and institutions administrative staff. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
34 - Challenges of our Cultural Diplomacy between Iran and Tajikistan
Reza Osati Fazel FeizyReza Osati[1] Fazel Feizy[2] Abstract: Cultural diplomacy, which is conducted by governments, using cultural factors and capacities to support foreign policy and dipl­om­at­ic purposes. In fact, cultural tools are applied in international relations to bring MoreReza Osati[1] Fazel Feizy[2] Abstract: Cultural diplomacy, which is conducted by governments, using cultural factors and capacities to support foreign policy and dipl­om­at­ic purposes. In fact, cultural tools are applied in international relations to bring national benefits. This study is going to explain why Iran and Tajikistan couldn’t have developed and maintained their bilateral relationship, in spite of their many cultural commonalities? In res­pon­se to this hypothesis, it is suggested that despite the cultural and civili­za­tional commonalities between the two countries, due to the different approach to the political element and the way of governing in the political and social arena, cultural and civilizational com­mon­al­iti­e­s between the two countries did not contribute to increase in their rel­at­ions. In this study, by looking at the cultural and civilizational co­m­­­m­o­nalities of the two countries, we seek to identify the obstacles to the development of their foreign relations from the perspective of cultural diplomacy. [1]-M.Sc., Political Science, Takestan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qazvin, Iran, email [2]-Assistant Professor of International Relations and Faculty Member of Islamic Azad University of Takestan: Corresponding Author Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
35 - Necessities and obstacles in Iran-Turkmenistan Relations
Zahra Tavakoli Kayhan Barzegar Majid Tavasoli RoknAbadiAt present, Iran's neighborhood with the Central Asian region is based on Iran's geographical capacity. Turkmenistan is one of the countries in the region that is important for the foreign policy apparatus based on the principle of neighborhood policy and having a commo MoreAt present, Iran's neighborhood with the Central Asian region is based on Iran's geographical capacity. Turkmenistan is one of the countries in the region that is important for the foreign policy apparatus based on the principle of neighborhood policy and having a common border.In this regard, the question of this article is, has Iran been successful in using the capacities of its neighborhood policy towards Turkmenistan? It seams, it should be said that despite the special features of Turkmenistan's neighborhood for Iran, Iran has not taken advantage of this opportunity as it should For reasons such as; Lack of macro strategy and clear strategy towards this country in the foreign policy apparatus, influence of regional and international actors, especially the United States Basically, one of the main conditions and principles in neighborhood policy is the satisfaction of neighbors with each other and one of its main pillars is to maintain and establish stability in relations. It also identifies all existing capabilities in the economic, political, security and cultural fields. This principle has not been very much established in the relations between the two countries, despite the expression of mutual desires and needs of the two countries. Therefore, Iran should take serious steps to increase bilateral interactions in all recognized dimensions and serious participation in regional cooperation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
36 - Obstacles and Requirements For the Implementation Of the Revolutionary Civilization System
ali mohseni shanbeh bazari saeed eslamee kamal pooladieGreat revolutions in order to build civilization need long-term strategies and plans in order to achieve the set goals and ideals, therefore, recognizing and analyzing the problems and obstacles facing revolutions along with the requirements for realizing these goals is MoreGreat revolutions in order to build civilization need long-term strategies and plans in order to achieve the set goals and ideals, therefore, recognizing and analyzing the problems and obstacles facing revolutions along with the requirements for realizing these goals is one of the important prerequisites for building civilization. Thus, investigating and understanding these obstacles and requirements, emphasizing the Islamic Revolution of Iran, is one of the goals of the present research. What are the obstacles and requirements in the civilization process of the Islamic Revolution of Iran? The hypothesis of the research emphasizes the existence of internal structural obstacles and external cultural obstacles in the path of civilization of the Islamic Revolution of Iran. In this research, a qualitative method with a descriptive-analytical approach was used in order to present a pathological writing about the obstacles and requirements facing the goals of the Islamic Revolution, based on the theory of Spragens Research Method" based on documentary and library methods, and the collection of materials through Many books and articles have been scanned. The findings have confirmed the claim of the research hypothesis and have shown that the Islamic revolution is facing various internal and external obstacles to achieve its civilizational goals.Keyword: Islamic revolution, civilization, civilization, obstacles, requirements, Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
37 - barreirs to the implementation of panel verdicts in irans law and Islamic fiqh.
seyed ehsan jafaripanah baboli Hasan hajitabar firozjaei mehdi esmaeili -
Open Access Article
38 - A study of the major research problems and obstacles and presenting proper procedures for them in Islamic azad uuniversity in Abhar
Farzaneh Khalili Yadollah RajayeResearch is a acientific method of finding solutions to problems and creating knowledge. A society in which scientific belief has become a common culture, seeks scientific solutions to solve a problem. The researcher discusses three main issues in this regard: MoreResearch is a acientific method of finding solutions to problems and creating knowledge. A society in which scientific belief has become a common culture, seeks scientific solutions to solve a problem. The researcher discusses three main issues in this regard: A- Studying the research condition, research and development. B- Realizing the scientific educational difficulties due to official_regulations C- Presenting general procedures to remove the obstacles out of the way of research at Abhar Islamic Azad University. The variables under investigation are official, executive, legal, statistical-informational, cultural, structural and scientific-educational obstacles. This research is applied-descriptive.Through internet and available sources, the most recent documents, studies and obstacles are collected.The statistical population included researchers and professors at Abhar Islamic Azad University. The data were collected through two researcher made questionnaires. The analyses of data, inferential and descriptive statistics were used with the help of SPSS and EXCEL softwares. The results showed that low and weak performances of the managers and research officials' attitudes lead to low level of demand for research within the universities. The other factor is the lack of optimal utility of research funds along with the educational system which due to weakness is not able to train researchers.Official executive regulations are so complicated and tiresome and long that decreases or even stops the speed of research project. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
39 - A study of the major research problems and obstacles and presenting proper procedures for them in Islamic azad uuniversity in Abhar
Majid Bagerzadeh khaje Rasul HojatiResearch is a acientific method of finding solutions to problems and creating knowledge. A society in which scientific belief has become a common culture, seeks scientific solutions to solve a problem. The researcher discusses three main issues in this regard: A- MoreResearch is a acientific method of finding solutions to problems and creating knowledge. A society in which scientific belief has become a common culture, seeks scientific solutions to solve a problem. The researcher discusses three main issues in this regard: A- Studying the research condition, research and development. B- Realizing the scientific educational difficulties due to official_regulations C- Presenting general procedures to remove the obstacles out of the way of research at Abhar Islamic Azad University. The variables under investigation are official, executive, legal, statistical-informational, cultural, structural and scientific-educational obstacles. This research is applied-descriptive.Through internet and available sources, the most recent documents, studies and obstacles are collected.The statistical population included researchers and professors at Abhar Islamic Azad University. The data were collected through two researcher made questionnaires. The analyses of data, inferential and descriptive statistics were used with the help of SPSS and EXCEL softwares. The results showed that low and weak performances of the managers and research officials' attitudes lead to low level of demand for research within the universities. The other factor is the lack of optimal utility of research funds along with the educational system which due to weakness is not able to train researchers.Official executive regulations are so complicated and tiresome and long that decreases or even stops the speed of research project. The study is an attempt to find how these two methods can be compromised to present an integrative solution .This is done by means of proposing an integrative construction on the basis of foundations and diminutions of both theories.It also tries to have an access to a new construction of Extended Enterprise by concentrating on the concepts of each theory instead of focusing on merely practical aspects of them. In order to improve the concept of methods of Extended Enterprise, Supply chain management and Theory of Constraints,extensive library studies and interviews with experts have been done and it has helped the formation of the primary results.On the basis of the primary results and Delphi method,a group of experts including teachers,managers,and industrial experts were interviewed. Research hypotheses and probable results were explained on the basis of the information extracted from the studies and interviews.The results were explained on the basis of the form of questionnaires among experts for more comments. On the basis of total views and comments, a closed-answer researcher made questionnaire was prepared and distributed among teachers, high-rank managers, industrial experts, and MA students.The collected data were summarized and analyzed baye means of statistical analysis (Chi square). The results represent aspects of integration of the two methods and make it clear that the integrated method meets the needs of Extended Enterprise.On the basis of this integrated method, and for the construction of Extended Enterprise, some characteristics of organization construct, conceptual pattern of decision processing, decision making tool, characteristics of impressive leadership and organizational culture have been proposed. KeyWords: Production System, Compitition Advantage, Extended Enterprise, Production Management System, Supply Chain Management, Theory of Constraints, Basic Theory and Shortcomings. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
40 - Obstacles of Attracting Sponsorship in the Sport Industry of East Azarbaijan Province
Mir Hassan Seyyed Ameri Mehrdad Moharramzadeh Mehdi Bashiri Hamdollh HadiSponsorship has become a vital part of funding for a wide range of sporting, artistic, and social events. Sponsorship has been increasing as an element of marketing communications. However, there are obstacles to attracting sponsors in the sport industry. The present st MoreSponsorship has become a vital part of funding for a wide range of sporting, artistic, and social events. Sponsorship has been increasing as an element of marketing communications. However, there are obstacles to attracting sponsors in the sport industry. The present study investigates the obstacles to attracting sponsorship in the sport industry of East Azarbaijan Province. The data collection instrument was a highly reliable researcher-made questionnaire (α=0.813). The statistical population of this study was all the managers of factories and private companies, club managers and sport headquarters in East Azarbaijan. The data were analyzed through the descriptive as well as the non-parametric U-Mann-Whitney inferential statistics with P Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
41 - Investigating Execution Obstacles of Management Performance Auditing (Case study: Executive Organizations of East Azarbaijan Province)
Rasoul Baradaran Hassanzadeh Masoumeh Mahboobi Bonab Golamreza RahimiThe purpose of the present research is to investigate the execution obstacles of management performance auditing in the executives organizations of East Azarbaijan Province and to rank the effect of each obstacle on the execution of management performance auditing. The MoreThe purpose of the present research is to investigate the execution obstacles of management performance auditing in the executives organizations of East Azarbaijan Province and to rank the effect of each obstacle on the execution of management performance auditing. The statistical population consists of the auditors and accountants of the executive organizations of East Azarbaijan. The research is an applied investigation and from the viewpoint of the topic, the research question, objectives, and hypotheses, it is of survey type. The data collection is carried out through library and field study. The research has 6 hypotheses. For the testing of the hypotheses by inferential statistics, we have used single group T-test. In order to attain the research objectives, the researchers drew up a questionnaire consisting of 33 questions on Likert Scales. The results showed that lack of transparency in the goals of the organizations, lack of a suitable strategy, weakness of performance assessment system, weakness of accountability culture, and weakness of laws and regulations in the organizations are the obstacles of executing management performance auditing. In other words, from the viewpoint of their effect on executing management performance auditing, weakness of laws and regulations, weakness of performance assessment system, lack of a suitable strategy, lack of transparency in the goals, and weakness of accountability culture were ranked first to fifth, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
42 - میزان تمایل جوانان به ازدواج و شناسایی موانع و مشکلات آن
موسی طیبی نیاهدف از این مقاله بررسی موانع ازدواج جوانان و شناسایی میزان تمایل آنان به ازدواج در استان همدان میباشد. در این مقاله با استفاده از روش پیمایشی اطلاعات مورد نیاز از یک نمونه 400 نفری از جوانان مجرد با استفاده از روش نمونهگیری خوشهای چندمرحلهای و طبقهای تصادفی Moreهدف از این مقاله بررسی موانع ازدواج جوانان و شناسایی میزان تمایل آنان به ازدواج در استان همدان میباشد. در این مقاله با استفاده از روش پیمایشی اطلاعات مورد نیاز از یک نمونه 400 نفری از جوانان مجرد با استفاده از روش نمونهگیری خوشهای چندمرحلهای و طبقهای تصادفی گردآوری شده است. مهمترین موانعازدواج در این بررسی برحسب اولویت عبارتند از: موانعفرهنگی با میانگین رتبهای (94/4)، موانع اجتماعی با میانگین رتبهای(60/3)، موانع اقتصادی با میانگین رتبهای(23/2)، موانع حاکمیتی با میانگین رتبهای (20/2) و موانع فردی با میانگین رتبهای(02/2). از نظر پاسخگویان زن میانگین سن مطلوب ازدواج 19/24 و از نظر پاسخگویان مرد 63/26 است. از نظر جوانان مرد و زن مهمترین ملاک انتخاب همسر، تفاهم اخلاقی با همسر میباشد. کماهمیتترین ملاک انتخاب همسر نیز میزان تحصیلات همسر و تفاوت سنی مناسب با همسر میباشد. در زمینه تمایل جوانان به ازدواج نمره تمایل به ازدواج (8/77 درصد) از آنان بالاتر از میانگین مقیاس میباشد. از اینرو اکثریت جوانان مورد بررسی در این پژوهش تمایل به ازدواج دارند. البته زنان بیشتر از مردان تمایل به ازدواج داشتهاند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
43 - An Insight into Professional Development Obstacles Facing Ethiopian Primary School EFL Teachers
Belilew Molla Gebre Haile Mariam Meles -
Open Access Article
44 - Investigating the factors of progress and hindrances of the slow conquests of Muslim Arabs across the Nile during the Umayyad caliphate
Ali Asghar Ahmadi nabi Mansor amani abdolaziz movahedHowever, during the Caliphate of Osman, with the conquest of Khorasan and the death of Yazdgerd III, the last Sassanid king, preparations were made for the entry of Muslims into Central Asia. F. During the reign of Muawiyah, Muslims were able to achieve considerable pro MoreHowever, during the Caliphate of Osman, with the conquest of Khorasan and the death of Yazdgerd III, the last Sassanid king, preparations were made for the entry of Muslims into Central Asia. F. During the reign of Muawiyah, Muslims were able to achieve considerable progress in that region, but what is certain is that the attacks of Muslim Arabs on Mawra al-Nahr until this time were carried out in a hostile manner and for the purpose of looting resources, but according to reliable reports, they had definite control over Mawra al-Nahr until The second half of the Umayyad era was delayed, since Abdul Malik Marwan took power. With the arrival of one of the Umayyad generals named Qutiba, a new chapter in attacks on Central Asia began. Qutiba bin Muslim Bahli was able to capture many parts of Trans-Nahr during ten years. Without a doubt, it can be said that from the beginning of the arrival of Muslims in this land, a series of factors directly affected the progress of the conquests, and in front of a group of obstacles Also, in this process, the process of conquests faced problems in some areas and hindered the progress of Muslims. This article aims to answer this basic research that what were the causes of progress and the reasons for the slowness of conquests in Trans-Nahr? Therefore, , look for the factors of progress and obstacles of Islamic conquests. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
45 - Challenges Facing the Development of Rural Tourism, A Case of Villages in the Central Part of Meshginshahr
bahram imani arastoo yari hesar hosein hajbaniToday, policymakers and planners refer to rural tourism as a lever for regional development and a way to save villages from social and economic problems. The main goal of this research is to identify the obstacles or challenges facing the development of rural tourism in MoreToday, policymakers and planners refer to rural tourism as a lever for regional development and a way to save villages from social and economic problems. The main goal of this research is to identify the obstacles or challenges facing the development of rural tourism in the villages of the central part of Meshginshahr. The current research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in nature. The statistical population includes 42 villages with more than 20 households. The sample size was estimated to be 379 people based on Cochran's formula. To analyze the issue, 47 indicators were used in five indicators, namely social, economic, environmental, physical, and managerial. The results showed that the weak participation of local people in tourism affairs, risky investment, lack of shopping centers, lack of suitable space for car parking, lack of advertising and information, lack of educational centers and activities, and short stay of tourists were recognized as the most important problems of tourism in this region. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
46 - Designing an E-Learning Readiness Model in Educational System of Islamic Azad University of Mahabad
Rouhollah Bagheri Majd Naser Sedghi BoukaniThe purpose of the present study was to design an e-learning education model in educational system of the Islamic Azad University of Mahabad. The research method included a combination of qualitative and quantitative approaches. The statistical population of research in MoreThe purpose of the present study was to design an e-learning education model in educational system of the Islamic Azad University of Mahabad. The research method included a combination of qualitative and quantitative approaches. The statistical population of research included faculty members of the Islamic Azad University of Mahabad. In the quantitative section, through a simple stratified random sampling method 120 individuals were selected as the sample. In the qualitative section 10 individuals were selected as the sample of the study through a purposive sampling method. In quantitative section, data collection instruments were two questionnaires of preparation for electronic education and barriers of electronic education which had a reliability of 0.91 and 0.86, respectively. The face validity was reported appropriate according to the experts' opinion. In the qualitative section the instrument was semi-structured interview. In order to analyze data, t test, exploratory factor analysis and content analysis (open, axial and selective coding) tests were used. Results were significant in the e-learning readiness section according to t test and in the barriers section of e-learning according to exploratory factor analysis (Varimax rotation), five factors were recognized e.g. pedagogy-behavioral, managerial-structural, economic-cultural, context-technological and individual-professional. Also during interviews, 59 primary conceptual propositions in addition to 5 main category propositions and 14 subsidiary propositions were identified in three sections of causal, contextual and environmental. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
47 - China Silk Road Initiative, Goals and Obstacles
ghasem torabi raziyeh saneiThe purpose of this paper is to analyze the various dimensions of the Silk Road Initiative and to reveal its objectives, opportunities and barriers. In this regard, the main question of the paper is that the Silk Road Initiative was designed as the most important China MoreThe purpose of this paper is to analyze the various dimensions of the Silk Road Initiative and to reveal its objectives, opportunities and barriers. In this regard, the main question of the paper is that the Silk Road Initiative was designed as the most important China strategy in the 21st Century to achieve its goals. It should be noted that the Silk Road is the largest initiative ever announced by a country in the world. This initiative covers sixty-five different countries in the world and costs about $ 4 trillion in 900 different projects. In addition, the plan has dimensions, objectives, and economic, political and security objectives. In this regard, in response to the above question, the hypothesis of the article is that the ultimate goal of China is to operate the Silk Road initiative to provide the economic, political and security contexts necessary for becoming a regional and global hegemony. However, it seems that the plan faces serious barriers and challenges, and ultimately China goals will not be maximized. The present article intends to discuss the question and hypothesis along with the goals, opportunities and obstacle of the project in three sections and in a descriptive-analytical way. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
48 - Obstacles to perfection and ways to face them, in the logic of Altair Attar
Seyedeh Pargol Shamsi Ali Akbar Afrasiabpour Ali FathollahiThe path to reach Hazrate Haq is a long and winding path. In order to successfully cross this difficult passage, one must know the road obstacles well. The purpose of this research is to investigate the obstacles to human perfection and the way to face these obstacles i MoreThe path to reach Hazrate Haq is a long and winding path. In order to successfully cross this difficult passage, one must know the road obstacles well. The purpose of this research is to investigate the obstacles to human perfection and the way to face these obstacles in the Manteqolteyr of Attarnishabouri. The author has used the descriptive method with the content analysis method for writing and useing the descriptive and rational reasoning method to analyze the information. It is necessary to carry out this research because Attar has used a special method to express the obstacles to perfection and how to deal with them in Manteqolteyr, which is definitely more effective than others. In this research, any factor (from Attar's point of view) that prevents a person from attaining closeness to God is referred to as "obstacle". Based on the results of the study, factors such as: worldliness, egoism, status quo, ignorance, etc. are obstacles to God's approach and human perfection, and the seeker of God must know these obstacles and ways to face them; so that he can achieve true perfection. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
49 - The Effect of Ethical Vices on the Disorders of Wisdom System Based on the Stories of Balaam-Baaura, Barsissa, Hāroot and Māroot from Masnai AlMaanavieh Alkhafieh by Golshani Bardaii
ali akhlaghi Maryam Mahmodi Ahmadreza Yalameha Masnavi Almaanavieh Alkhafieh written by Sheikh Ibrahim Ibne Mohammad Golshani Bardaii (830-940 HL), has been composed as an imitation of Matsnavi Molana. It contains plenty of mystical, ethical, incorporeal matters, explications and interpretations. In this paper More Masnavi Almaanavieh Alkhafieh written by Sheikh Ibrahim Ibne Mohammad Golshani Bardaii (830-940 HL), has been composed as an imitation of Matsnavi Molana. It contains plenty of mystical, ethical, incorporeal matters, explications and interpretations. In this paper, it is attempted to analyze the effect of ethical Vices on the disorders of wisdom system by using the three stories Balaam-Baaura, Barsissa, Hāroot and Māroot in this literary work. Although these three stories constitute about seven thousand line of this thirty-six-thousand-line work, Golshani Bardaii has expressed the essence of his thoughts and wisdom through these stories and examples. The aim of this research is to study the obstacles of the spiritual journey, the slippage the gnostic might confronted with, the temptation of the flesh, and ethical vices penetrating the human being's soul that results in the inverse reflection of the truth, impurity of the soul, committing guilt, enormous mystical unforgiveable crimes, and finally metamorphosis. Through mentioning the text evidences and by using textual extracts and tables, the authors have expressed the viewpoint of Golshani Bardaii on how one may follow negligence, pursuing whim-wham passions, the way gnostic might be led to aberration, and the practical realism of devotee. In this paper, direct effect of passion, desire, adultery, fame seeking, ignorance, stupidity, rationality and insight have been illustrated. Seeking for fame and whoremongery have been mentioned to be the biggest calamity which lead to inversion of reality and are considered as the objective evidence of pursuing sensuality and carnality. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
50 - Analysis of the Limitations of the Physical Development of Cities (Case Study: Sardasht City)
Sh. Ahmadi The development of cities in mountainous areas is highly sensitive due to the geomorphologic and instability limitations of the slopes. Over the past few decades, due to the rapid growth of the population and the increasing urban-urban migration, attention to cit More The development of cities in mountainous areas is highly sensitive due to the geomorphologic and instability limitations of the slopes. Over the past few decades, due to the rapid growth of the population and the increasing urban-urban migration, attention to cities and their physical development has been considered as an essential element in many development programs at all national, regional and local levels. Because the lack of proper planning, cities have faced many problems, such as heterogeneous and heterogeneous growth, environmental problems, and so on. This research studies the challenges and barriers of physical development in Sardasht city. The research method is descriptive-analytic. The study of the physical development bottlenecks in Sardasht city has been studied over 40 years and during the period before 1981 to 2016. For this purpose, topographic and geomorphologic information layers were prepared using satellite imagery and field operations, and then, using Arc GIS ver.3.9, the physical development of the city was studied in different periods. The results show that the city of Sardasht faces a great deal of restrictions on the three directions of geographical location of west, north and east, and from the south there is a physical development on the land of agriculture and gardens. The results also show that from a total of about 3125782.1 square meters, 8.59 percent of the range of completely suitable places and 36.08 percent of the total study area included a completely inappropriate range. The above findings can provide managers of Sardasht city with the limits of physical development of the city and executive approaches to rational encounter with them. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
51 - Analysis of the obstacles and limitations to Rural Housing Development (Case study: Zabol and Hamoon Counties)
Sadegh Asghari Lafmejani Azam Bordbar GalaviRural houses in Iran are very vulnerable because of their uncommon form and due to their weak structures and it seems that financial savings and lack of supervision over construction and structures are the determining factors. With this outlook, the present article inte MoreRural houses in Iran are very vulnerable because of their uncommon form and due to their weak structures and it seems that financial savings and lack of supervision over construction and structures are the determining factors. With this outlook, the present article intends to analyze the obstacles and limitations to the development of rural housing and to study the quality of rural houses in Zabol and Hamoun counties. The methodology of the present research is descriptive-analytical based on documentary sources and survey studies. The statistical population includes households living in 236 villages. The number of selected villages is determined 37 villages using Cochran and corrective formulas. Finally, using Cochran formula, 362 sample households were calculated and they were selected to complete the questionnaire and their status of housing. Data have been collected through interviews and completion of village questionnaires (with the help of members of Islamic rural councils, local experts and village administrators) and completion of household questionnaire and field observations forms. Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), the statistical and spatial analyses, and various software including Choice Expert, SPSS and ArcGIS are used to analyze the information. The results indicate that in 50.4% of households surveyed, there has been no control over housing construction. Also, regression analysis shows that the economic, institutional, social, and cultural components have the greatest influence on the general level of obstacles and limitations to housing development, but the effects of the physical and environmental components on the general level of obstacles and limitations are not significant. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
52 - Developing a Framework in line with the Pathology of Management of Sustainable Development of Tourism in Iran
Sahar Maleki Vareki Abolhassan Faghihi Gholamreza Memarzadeh TehranThe purpose of this research is to analyze the management of sustainable tourism development and to provide a framework for this issue, which has been carried out in a descriptive, survey, and applied manner. For this purpose, first, by reviewing the research literature MoreThe purpose of this research is to analyze the management of sustainable tourism development and to provide a framework for this issue, which has been carried out in a descriptive, survey, and applied manner. For this purpose, first, by reviewing the research literature and the background of the research, the theoretical framework of the research was formulated. Based on this framework, the research conceptual model was presented, and the research hypotheses were formulated. To test the hypotheses of the research, the statistical population including the managers and experts of the central headquarters of the Ministry of Tourism was considered to be more than 90 people and instead of sampling, the entire count was done. In the following, the questionnaires whose validity and reliability were confirmed were distributed among 90 people. Due to the non-normality of the data distribution, the partial least squares method and Smart PLS 3 software were used for statistical analysis. Based on the significant values related to the hypotheses, all were confirmed. The impact of social damage on creating an obstacle to the sustainable development of tourism is equal to 0.568, the impact of economic damage on creating an obstacle to the sustainable development of tourism is equal to 0.722, the impact of institutional damage on creating an obstacle to the sustainable development of tourism is equal to 0.587 and the impact of Environmental damage on creating obstacles in the sustainable development of tourism is equal to 0.805. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
53 - New spatial clustering-based models for optimal urban facility location considering geographical obstacles
Maryam Javadi Jamal Shahrabi -
Open Access Article
54 - Requirements and obstacles of the personal branding model of judicial managers in Islamic governance
Azam Sanaei Akbar Etebarian Alborz Gheitani Ali RashidpoorThe purpose of this research is to identify the requirements and obstacles of personal branding of judicial managers in Islamic governance.The research was conducted in the framework of qualitative approach and using thematic analysis method.to collect data to examine t MoreThe purpose of this research is to identify the requirements and obstacles of personal branding of judicial managers in Islamic governance.The research was conducted in the framework of qualitative approach and using thematic analysis method.to collect data to examine theoretical foundations; Written documents related to branding and personal branding, including books,treatises, articles, etc.,and conducting semi-structured interviews with a selection of prominent judicial managers and experts of the judiciary (high-ranking judicial staff of the judiciary from the highest level to chiefs, prosecutors, and deputies) Chief Justice of the provinces), experts and experts in the field of branding,personal branding and branding of managers, specialists in organizational behavior management and human resources, experts, university professors, etc. were discussed. After searching, checking and screening the identified sources,55 sources have related codes and were used. As a result of qualitative data analysis;65 codes,26 basic themes,6 organizing themes and2 overarching themes were identified. Based on this, the requirements include; Individual prerequisites for judicial managers' branding, organizational prerequisites for judicial managers' branding and facilitators for judicial managers' branding, and barriers to the personal branding model of judicial managers in Islamic governance including dimensions such as;Individual barriers, organizational barriers and social barriers are the branding of judicial managers Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
55 - Problems and obstacles on the religious government in the promotion of religion
Razieh Farokhi Mohamad Ghasemi Maryam Hajiabdolbaghi mahryar shababeThere are obstacles in the path of the promotion of religiosity that sometimes block the path of growth like a barrier, sometimes they slow down its movement, and sometimes this obstacle is so strong that it pushes it backwards and religion and culture aside.. Moreover, MoreThere are obstacles in the path of the promotion of religiosity that sometimes block the path of growth like a barrier, sometimes they slow down its movement, and sometimes this obstacle is so strong that it pushes it backwards and religion and culture aside.. Moreover, since the religious government, in addition to meeting the material needs of the people, is also responsible for providing a platform for the promotion of religion with proper performance, and can solve the obstacles after identifying them. The first group are the internal obstacles that have appeared in the Muslims themselves, and the second group are the external obstacles that have been placed outside the Islamic societies to promote Islam. The purpose of this research is to know the internal and external problems and obstacles on the way of the religious government in order to overcome them by adopting appropriate solutions and taking appropriate and timely action. The research method is descriptive-analytical, the method of collecting information is library, and suitable software, electronic databases and libraries, and written sources have been used as tools. Some of these obstacles are such as showing Islam upside down, trimming the appearance of Islam from Islamic morals among Muslims, excesses unrelated to religion, fragmenting religion as internal factors and being affected by anti-religious cultures in Islamic societies. Destructive anti-religious propaganda aimed at destroying the face of Islam, virtual space, promiscuity, and emerging mysticism can mention as external factors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
56 - Semantics of "Barakah" in Qur'an
Tayyibah AkbariRad Fatimah Haj Shiykh Ali Zahra'iBliss (Barekat) is originally the stability, durability and affluence of good which is increasing and developing. The derivatives of this word in Quran are Tabarak, Barakna, Mobarak, Burak and Barakat meaning blessed. The word Tabarak has been used eight times for God a MoreBliss (Barekat) is originally the stability, durability and affluence of good which is increasing and developing. The derivatives of this word in Quran are Tabarak, Barakna, Mobarak, Burak and Barakat meaning blessed. The word Tabarak has been used eight times for God and once for his name. Semantic range of the derivations of Barekat include blessing in the generation, in the land, the prophets` charities, the rain, God`s house and God`s book. The factors causing the bliss are faith, virtue, obeying God, almsgiving and etc. The obstacles of bliss are infidelity, denying God`s book and his prophets, squander and not paying Zakat. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
57 - Opportunities and Obstacles in Utilizing the Renewable Electric Power Resources in Iran
Hasan Mobini -
Open Access Article
58 - Investigation of the economic obstacles of development in ilam province
rozan piri roza karampour majid kaffashiOf the numerous discussions posed over the recent decades in social sciences، the discussion of development has been one of the most important and widespread ones. Therefor، in this paper the obstacles of economic developmentin ilam Province and its people's perception MoreOf the numerous discussions posed over the recent decades in social sciences، the discussion of development has been one of the most important and widespread ones. Therefor، in this paper the obstacles of economic developmentin ilam Province and its people's perception and interpretation of it have been investigated. The method of research is qualitative. The data was collected through ethnographic method and the grounded theory was used to analyze data. In this research, the documentary and obseravatory data and the data­ obtained from interviewing 56 participants, living ­in ilam,was collected by researchers. To select interviwees, the mothed of qualitative – purposive and to determine the number of interviewees the theoretical saturation method were applied. Analysis was done in three phases: open encoding, axial encoding, and selective encoding. For each question a grounded model was drawn. In the end, through the combination of all categories, the final model of research was extracted. The results of research show that the most important economic obstacles of development in this province are echologic, chronic economic poverty, lack of strong private sector, and the lack of economic infrastructures. Based on the Final model the development is perceived, evaluated and interpreted as a binary and reciprocal phenomenon which has been able to empower Ilam province and determine a great deal of problems of the people and change and recoustruct their lives in different dimensions on one hand and requires traditional costs on the other which is deemed as the unpleasant results of development from the viewpoint of Ilam people. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
59 - Barriers research and related factors of School District 2 teachers Sama And a way to solve it
Hesam Nasiri Hasan Rashidi Abdollah MahmoodiThe aim of this study was to investigate the barriers to research and related factors of School District 2 teachers and provide ways to solve the problem is Sama. Methodology, description of causal comparison. The population studied in this research, all faculty members MoreThe aim of this study was to investigate the barriers to research and related factors of School District 2 teachers and provide ways to solve the problem is Sama. Methodology, description of causal comparison. The population studied in this research, all faculty members including professors and faculty tuition Sama School District 2 in 94-93 to 511 people. The sample size using formula Cochran, 219 (197 professors and faculty tuition 22) respectively. The sample survey methods and possible cluster sampling was random. The data collected using a questionnaire consisting of two parts and components barriers demographic study, Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficient to help 91/0, respectively, were used. To analyze the data, ANOVA, t-test was used in one group. Results The findings showed that all factors, administrative, managerial, social and economic research, was approved as the obstacles Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
60 - Comparative Study of joint Aspects of hijab ( Islamic coverage ) and the Obstacles of attaining it in Ibn Farez taiyeh ( lines ending in T ) and the Arrangements of Aynolghozat Hamadani
Sakineh Talebzadeh Seyyed Fazlollah Mir GhaderThe Egyptian Ibn Farez and Aynolghozat Hamadani are the two eminent gnostics of Arab and Iran literature whose speculations and thoughts have appealed many of the researchers and thinkers. Much have been told about these mystic themes and ideas. One of the key factors i MoreThe Egyptian Ibn Farez and Aynolghozat Hamadani are the two eminent gnostics of Arab and Iran literature whose speculations and thoughts have appealed many of the researchers and thinkers. Much have been told about these mystic themes and ideas. One of the key factors is hijab and the obstacles of its attaining which has extensive reflection in many Persian prose and verse texts. We have talked about the reflection of it in Ibne Farez’s ode and arrangements of Aynolghozat and followed the view points of these well-known mystics. The findings of the essay show that both mystics had special attention to hijab and the obstacles of attaining it. The most significant of above-mentioned matters are: abstract life and existence, selfishness and conceit, religious and corporal preoccupation, heart desire and longing, dependencies, love’s hijab, self and desire’s hijab. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
61 - The Study of the Components of Worship and its Obstacles in the Poems of Qaisar Aminpour
Karamali Akbari Akbar Sha'baniAbstract One of the main tendencies of contemporary poetry is the religious approach. Meanwhile, it can be mentioned from Qaisar Aminpour that he made innovations in form and content, and gave life to this part of contemporary MoreAbstract One of the main tendencies of contemporary poetry is the religious approach. Meanwhile, it can be mentioned from Qaisar Aminpour that he made innovations in form and content, and gave life to this part of contemporary Persian poetry. Although he does not pursue a direct line of thought in various poetry books and undergoes material of transformation, he never loses his poetry within the religious context. Love , war , martyrdom , and thoughtfulness are the most important part of Aminpour's poetry that are tied to his beliefs. In addition, the category of " bondage and servitude " is also a special reflection of his poetry. Based on this, in the present article, from the view point of the poet , a descriptive – analytic method of the components of worship and obstruction is proposed. Studies show that these components are in the order of frequency, including " romantic worship " " worship and mercy " " mystic worship " " worship and opening up in works " and " worship and manifestations of nature. " Also, from the point of view of Qaisar Aminpoue, almighty, habituation, pride and self – interest is a hindrance to worship. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
62 - Explanation the implementation barriers of JiT system using ISM approach and path analysis (Case Study: Gas Industry)
mehdi ajali ezatolah asgharizadeh Just in Time (JiT) is a manufacturing/service system by initial goal of continues decreasing and finally the deleting of all of waste forms. Now, world class organizations are completely conformable about acceptation and implementation JiT manufacturing/ser More Just in Time (JiT) is a manufacturing/service system by initial goal of continues decreasing and finally the deleting of all of waste forms. Now, world class organizations are completely conformable about acceptation and implementation JiT manufacturing/service for improving of productivity and competition with competitors. Without doubt, JiT as the most strong of inventory management methodology is facing with barriers and problems. One of basic tasks of top management is identification and perception of relationship between the JiT barriers through decreasing of bad effects. Original goals of this paper are the studying of falconer barriers in successful implementation of JiT manufacturing/service in gas industry of Iran, and analyzing of reciprocal influences between barriers using interpretive structural modeling (ISM). For this purpose, the 12 barriers were identified by literature review and interview with experts. Then by distribution and gathering of 170 questioners and using statistical tests (Kolmogorov-Smirnov and mean), the main hypothesis of this research and 12 secondary hypotheses are confirmed. Also for answering to research main question (How is the relationship and sequence between barriers?), ISM approach is used, and the barriers placed in 7 Levels. Finally, the obtained structural model is confirmed using path analysis method (second order of the confirmatory factor analysis). To this order, a conceptual plan is proposed for presenting of practical program for competition by implementation barriers of JiT manufacturing/service system and improving of productivity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
63 - Identify obstacles of production organic products from farmers¢ point of view in Qazvin province
Fatemeh Moeinzadeh Farhad Lashgarara Maryam Omidi NajafabadiIn recent years the development of technology and the increasing use of additives, Pesticides and antibiotics in food production and storage, and undeniably adverse effects on human health as well as concerns about the safety of crops and livestock in all parts of the w MoreIn recent years the development of technology and the increasing use of additives, Pesticides and antibiotics in food production and storage, and undeniably adverse effects on human health as well as concerns about the safety of crops and livestock in all parts of the world has been increasing and forbore disease threat a major threat to human health myshvd. Taknvn different strategies for solving agricultural issues raised is common, such as farming can be cited. This research method is based on the purpose, the process of executing a little research, the deductive logic of the study, in terms of longitudinal retrospective study, based on exploratory factor analysis was used. The study population included all organic farmers Qazvin province is that due to the limited population (n = 173), the census is. A questionnaire was used to obtain the data required by the supervisor and advisor to verify the validity and reliability using Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.76 was calculated. For data analysis software SPSS16 used. The results from an agricultural perspective the variables included 5 factors in the barriers, improve motivation and notification, service-financial, social, environmental, educational support and service-support. This 5% variance of about 66/363 barriers organic products cannot justify. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
64 - The role of law enforcement in combating and improving fuel trafficking
mohammad raisi Masoud Jafarinejad esmaeel shafieeتحقیق حاضرباهدف بررسی نقش نیروی انتظامی درمبارزه با قاچاق سوخت و بهبود آن در جمهوری اسلامی ایران انجام شد.این تحقیق به لحاظ هدف ازنوع تحقیقات کاربردی وازمنظرروش کیفی ازنوع دلفی است.روش نمونه گیری غیرتصادفی و تعدادنمونه آماری این پژوهش را پانزده نفرازمدیران وصاحب نظران س Moreتحقیق حاضرباهدف بررسی نقش نیروی انتظامی درمبارزه با قاچاق سوخت و بهبود آن در جمهوری اسلامی ایران انجام شد.این تحقیق به لحاظ هدف ازنوع تحقیقات کاربردی وازمنظرروش کیفی ازنوع دلفی است.روش نمونه گیری غیرتصادفی و تعدادنمونه آماری این پژوهش را پانزده نفرازمدیران وصاحب نظران سازمان نیروی انتظامی تشکیل می دهد .روش جمع آوری داده ها پرسشنامه محقق ساخته می باشد و روش تجزیه وتحلیل آماری با استفاده از روش تاپسیس فازی است. بعد از مصاحبه با افراد وصاحب نظران سیاستهایی که منجربه بهبودشرایط مبارزه باقاچاق سوخت توسط نیروی انتظامی می شکد ارائه که به 15 آیتم خلاصه شدوکه براساس نتایج روش تاپسیس،اجرای سیاستهای تشویقی مالی برای نیرویهایی که کشف انجام میدهند (A12) رتبه اول راکسب کرده است.برخوردشدیدبانیروها وعواملی که درنیروی انتظامی باقاچاقچیان همکاری میکنند (A10) و اصلاح قوانین (A13) به ترتیب رتبههای دوم و سوم را کسب کرده است. واژگان کلیدی: مبارزه با قاچاق سوخت, نیروی انتظامی,روش دلفی. سیاستگذاری . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
65 - Regional obstacles to regaining power in the Russian Federation during Putin's second term, from 2014 to 2019
Mohsen Habibi ahmad bakhshayeshi ardestani seye Ali Tabatabaei Nejad Hamid Reza ShirzadThe Russian Federation has been increasingly affected by growing regional and international developments since Putin's second term. Putin sought to regain power by adopting the policy of pragmatism and the strategy of the normative great modern power; However, the path MoreThe Russian Federation has been increasingly affected by growing regional and international developments since Putin's second term. Putin sought to regain power by adopting the policy of pragmatism and the strategy of the normative great modern power; However, the path to regaining power since 2014 has been accompanied by regional obstacles, which have manifested themselves in two general categories: the crisis in Ukraine and the Crimean peninsula, and the leverage of Russian gas exports to Europe. In this study, we sought to understand the regional obstacles to regaining power in the Russian Federation during Putin's second term from 2014 to 2019, from the perspective of defensive realism theory. The research method was descriptive and library studies. The study found that Russia was facing obstacles in regaining its power, such as the Ukraine crisis, NATO's expansion to the east, the deployment of a missile defense shield, leverage to export gas to Europe, and the issue of EU energy security. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
66 - Explanation of Obstacles to the Realization of Silk from the Perspective of the Convergence Theory
Ghasem Torabi Raziye SaneieChina’s one belt one road (OBOR) initiative unveiled by President Xi Jinping in 2013, aims to restore the country’s old land and sea trade routes and to boost economic connectivity between Asia, Europe and Africa. It covers 65 countries and six economic corr MoreChina’s one belt one road (OBOR) initiative unveiled by President Xi Jinping in 2013, aims to restore the country’s old land and sea trade routes and to boost economic connectivity between Asia, Europe and Africa. It covers 65 countries and six economic corridors accounting for two thirds of the world’s population and one third of the world’s GDP. In this paper the authors look at the opportunities it offers and some of the challenges for investors China’s one belt one road. In this sense, we focused on domestic constraints, tensions in China's neighbourhood, and great power rivalries. Finally, we tried to offer several suggestions regarding the improvement of China’s initiative. The suggestions concern the initiative’s planning and implementation, the means to improve its bilateral relations with neighbours and great powers, in order to be perceived as a responsible power on the international arena. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
67 - The Political Parties and them Effects on the Islamic Republic of Iran Elections
Sadegh Zibakalam Morteza MoghtadaieTo days, the moste of thinkers and authorities beleive that establishing the parties in real sence is necessary to replace active, organized and regular participation by mass participation and they consider it as completed stage form Islamic republic stage that such mat MoreTo days, the moste of thinkers and authorities beleive that establishing the parties in real sence is necessary to replace active, organized and regular participation by mass participation and they consider it as completed stage form Islamic republic stage that such matter is essential to guarantee continuity and balance of Islamic system. Now that country exposes to place at the process of ups and downs of revolution and its crisis, the demand of political participation increases too, it;s evident that basic index of political development is based on political partipation. This kind of participation has efficient tools and structured organizations, so the most significant factor to create active and real participation is party and organized challenges, but not each organization or party, rather structured organizations during the time and efficient contents. By glancing over our political system of country, it,s clearly evident that the parties weren,t established in a real sense, rather political groups called the party hare temporary activities in days of election and after that , there isn,t precise and defined relationship between members of the party and the party itself. There fore, if destructive obstacles and damages are resolved and the real parties are formed, then it will significantly affect on decrease of elections errors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
68 - Evaluation of the Obstacles and Limitations of the Presence of Physically-Motor Disabled People in the Urban Spaces of Ahvaz
Dr.Zahra Khazaei Nassim Esapour Mohammad Rajabi Sima Karimimotlagh Ali KhorkiA significant part of the population of all countries of the world includes physically-motor disabled people. Paying attention to the issue of the disabled and the necessity of culture building and respect for human dignity in this field, this group of people in the soc MoreA significant part of the population of all countries of the world includes physically-motor disabled people. Paying attention to the issue of the disabled and the necessity of culture building and respect for human dignity in this field, this group of people in the society, like other people, need to meet their needs in the urban environment. This research was conducted with the aim of evaluating the obstacles and limitations of the presence of physically-motor disabled people in the urban spaces of Ahvaz. According to the nature of the subject and the goals for which it is planned, it is descriptive and analytical type and belongs to applied research. Research method, library method, field method, statistical population of 53946 disabled people; In order to select the sample size, Cochran's formula was used, according to which the sample size was 380 people. In order to analyze the data, first through the spss software, the desired indicators will be used to test the hypotheses from the T test, for the final evaluation of the model (DEMATEL). The findings obtained from the DEMATEL technique showed that among the indicators, the permeability and accessibility index have the most interaction, and the buildings index has the least interaction, and the permeability and accessibility index are the most influential factors, and the urban furniture index is the most influential factor. Conclusion that by using T test in the first hypothesis the average of all indicators was equal to 3/93 and in the second hypothesis the average was 4/13. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
69 - The Obstacles of Faculty Member Development in Islamic Azad University
Mostafa Edjtehadi Nadergholi Ghorchian Parivash Jaafari Hamid ShafizadehAbstract Faculty members are the most important capital in universities and higher education institutes, and investment in development programs and upgrading them is so important. The goal of the study is to study obstacles of the faculty members' development in Islami MoreAbstract Faculty members are the most important capital in universities and higher education institutes, and investment in development programs and upgrading them is so important. The goal of the study is to study obstacles of the faculty members' development in Islamic Azad University. It is a descriptive survey research and the instrument was a researcher-made questionnaire. The population consisted of all full time faculty members of IAU in regions 8 &12. Using stratified random sampling method, 360 of them were selected. The content validity of the research instrument was confirmed by a group of experts in the field. Cronbach alpha is used for determining the reliability of the questionnaire )α=0.81). Data analysis was conducted by means of SPSS software program (version 11.5). The results show that out of 13 obstacles of faculty member improvement, 8 obstacles were higher than middle average. Friedman test results show that the most important obstacles consist of ignoring faculty members' needs and preferences, lake of enough support from university managers, non-arbitrariness of programs and lake of necessary motivations and encouragement. Investigating demographic variables shows that there are no meaningful relation between variables (gender, faculty members work experience, scientific level and the course) and obstacles of faculty member improvement. Finally, a number of suggestions were presented in order to improve efficiency of faculty member's improving programs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
70 - Modeling the factors influencing the non-receipt of financial facilities of cooperatives from the point of view of artificial intelligence (Case of study: cooperatives of Semnan province)
reza ziyari zahra moghimiCooperatives as non-governmental economic enterprises can play an important role in creating cultural and executive models in the country's economy. Due to the limited financial resources in cooperatives, one of the ways to increase the share of the cooperative sector i MoreCooperatives as non-governmental economic enterprises can play an important role in creating cultural and executive models in the country's economy. Due to the limited financial resources in cooperatives, one of the ways to increase the share of the cooperative sector in Iran's economy is to apply support policies by granting credit facilities from the government sector. This is despite the fact that the cooperative sector in the country is often operating with traditional approaches and structures, and it has limitations in the field of using modern technology and benefiting from the capabilities of artificial intelligence in achieving the set goals. Therefore, the current research has been conducted with the aim of designing a model of factors influencing the non-attraction of financial facilities of cooperatives in Semnan province from the point of view of artificial intelligence. The current research is exploratory and qualitative research. After reviewing the theoretical foundations and using the foundational data theory and conducting in-depth semi-structured interviews with experts, the data was coded, and the theoretical model of the research was presented. To form the expert panel, 16 university professors and experimental experts were selected by purposive sampling. The results showed "drafting appropriate policies regarding the use of artificial intelligence"; "Validation of applicants to receive facilities using artificial intelligence capabilities"; "Familiarizing and justifying applicants with electronic and intelligent processes of receiving facilities"; "Removing bureaucratic obstacles and cumbersome banking regulations"; "Consistency in the main provisions of the regulations"; And "creating coordination between the involved executive bodies" is one of the effective strategies in attracting facilities by cooperatives. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
71 - Analyzing The concept of exploration of "soul" and other obstacles to perfection related to it, inAsrarnameh from Attar Nishabouri's
Hakimeh Kahsari Masoud Mahdian maliha mahdaviPerfectionism, which has always been one of the important indicators of mystical-ethical literature; It is an effort to achieve human perfection. But along with the important factors of human perfectionism, it is important and necessary to examine and explain the obstac MorePerfectionism, which has always been one of the important indicators of mystical-ethical literature; It is an effort to achieve human perfection. But along with the important factors of human perfectionism, it is important and necessary to examine and explain the obstacles that keep people away from the path of their highest goals. In such a way that many mystics have listed the knowledge of the limitations and obstacles of perfection as the most important principle to achieve it. In this article, the authors have devoted their efforts to examining this main question: "How is the ego explained as the most important factor preventing human perfection in Attar Nishaburi's Asrarnameh?" And "what is the relationship between the ego and other factors that prevent perfection?" The hypothesis of the authors is that the concept of "soul", which is one of the main factors preventing the perfection of a person, is introduced in Asrarnameh Attar as the cause of many moral vices. The findings of the article, using the descriptive and analytical method, showed that the concept of self in Asrarnameh Attar is the basis for the realization of moral vices such as envy and miserliness, greed and anger and malice, worldliness, etc. which ultimately prevents a person from achieving perfection. Therefore, the current article, while carefully examining the verses of Asrarnameh, explains the concept of ego, which is embedded in human nature as a deadly poison of morality and spirituality; to bring him to the lowest stage of humiliation. Manuscript profile
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