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Open Access Article
1 - A comparison of schemas in sex offenders and non-offenders
اعظم نوفرستی سعید اکبری The purpose of this study was to compare early maladaptive schemas in sex offenders and non-offenders.The present study is a descriptive-post hoc study. From male sex offenders over 18 years old in Rajayee Shahr and Qezelhesar prisons in 2009 (1388s.c.), 45 sex o More The purpose of this study was to compare early maladaptive schemas in sex offenders and non-offenders.The present study is a descriptive-post hoc study. From male sex offenders over 18 years old in Rajayee Shahr and Qezelhesar prisons in 2009 (1388s.c.), 45 sex offenders as were selected. 45 non - offenders as control group were also matched with them in terms of their age, marriage status, education and job Early Maladaptive Schema questionnaire - short form SQ-SF (Young, Smith et al.,1995) was applied to collect the data. Stepwise discriminant analysis showed that the four schemas of abandonment, mistrust, dependence and vulnerability, respectly from the most to the least, could predict sex offenses. Abandonment, instability, mistrust, dependence Incompetence and vulnerability play a principle role in identifying the difference between sex offenders and no offenders (P<0.001). So, cognitive-behavioral therapies on sex offenders should emphasize on both automatic thoughts and early maladaptive schemas Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Prediction of social isolation based on emotional schemas, identity styles and early maladaptive schemas
Ali Afshari rasul rezaeiThe purpose of this study was to predict social isolation based on emotional schemas, identity styles and early maladaptive schemas in students. The research method is descriptive correlational. A sample of 340 students was selected by random cluster sampling method fro MoreThe purpose of this study was to predict social isolation based on emotional schemas, identity styles and early maladaptive schemas in students. The research method is descriptive correlational. A sample of 340 students was selected by random cluster sampling method from the students of Payame Noor University in Hashtroud. The instrumentation included Russell's social isolation test (1980), Yang's general schemas questionnaire (2003), Leah's emotional schemas questionnaire (2002), and Brzinski's style of identity questionnaire (1999). Data analysis was performed using multiple regression analysis. Findings of the research showed that among predictive variables, only avoidance identity and commitment identity were able to predict the sense of social isolation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - studying the relationship between of Basic psychological needs satisfaction and the Emotional Regulation disorder with the mediation of early maladaptive schemas at Bu-AliSina university students
amir shabani khadiv hamzeh ahmadiyanThe aim of the present study was studing the relationship between satisfaction of Basic psychological needs and the Emotional Regulation disorders with the mediation of early maladaptive schemas, among the students.The statistical population of this study consisted of a MoreThe aim of the present study was studing the relationship between satisfaction of Basic psychological needs and the Emotional Regulation disorders with the mediation of early maladaptive schemas, among the students.The statistical population of this study consisted of all undergraduate students at Bu-Ali Sina University who were studying in 1393 in seven faculties of chemistry, basic sciences, engineering and engineering, economics and social sciences, literature and humanities, art and architecture and agriculture., Are formed. (N=700). The design of this research is descriptive and research method has been correlated. To do so, we selected 364 students (166 females and 198 males) using multiphase cluster sampling. All the students were studying in BA degree at Bu-Ali Sina University of Hamedan, Iran. The study was conducted using a descriptive-correlative design. We used Fundamental Mental Needs' scale proposed by Gardia, Dessie and Ryan (2000), Young's early maladaptive schemas­ (1998), and Emotional regulation disorder (2004) to collect data. Research design was descriptive and its method was correlational.To analyze the data, we used structural equation model, correlation coefficient and T-test by using Amos 16 soft ware.The results showed that the empirical model of the ­data had a good fit with the conceptual model. According to the results­, autonomy (0/003) and competence(p as two componets of fundamental mental needs ­scale can influence the emotional adjustment disorder, in both direct and indirect ways.More over, The need to autonomy(0/011) and competence(0/02) ­can influence the early maladaptiveschemas­. In general according to the results, with decreasing the range of fundamental needs satisfaction, the more maladaptiveschemas­ will be made and finally some more disorders in emotional regulation would be emerged. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Predicting Emotional Uncertainty Based on Early Maladaptive Schemas and Emotional Expressions with the Mediating Role of Cognitive Flexibility in Patients with Chronic Pain
leili vakilian morteza tarkhan javad khalatbari AbstractThe purpose of this study was to predict Alexithymia. based on early maladaptive schemas and emotional expressiveness with the role of mediating cognitive flexibility in patients with chronic pain. The research method was correlational and path analysis st More AbstractThe purpose of this study was to predict Alexithymia. based on early maladaptive schemas and emotional expressiveness with the role of mediating cognitive flexibility in patients with chronic pain. The research method was correlational and path analysis studies. For this study, 300 patients with chronic pain referred to Tehran hospitals were selected by multistage cluster sampling. Participants completed the questionnaires of early maladaptive schemas Yang (1988), King's and Ammons emotional expressiveness (1990), Toronto Emotional Intelligence (1994), Tagizadeh and Nikkhah's Cognitive Flexibility (2015). Amos and SPSS software were used for data analysis. The results of path analysis showed that only the domains of disturbed constraints of 0.18 and other areas of orientation of 0.14 have a positive effect in explaining the variance of alexithymia (p <0.05). Emotional expression in explaining the variance of alexithymia by -0.27; Affects the mediating variable (cognitive flexibility) -0.44 (p <0.01). Finally, emotional expression with an impact factor of -0.31 has an indirect effect on alexithymia through cognitive flexibility (p <0.01). The results of this study can be used to reduce the level of alexithymia by correcting early maladaptive schemas, emotional expression and cognitive flexibility in patients with chronic pain. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Investigating the role of early incompatible schemas, difficulty in emotional regulation and coping styles in the prediction of gender dysphoria in people undergoing gender transitions
somaye rahimi mehrdad kalantari Mohammad Raza Abedi morteza modares gharaviThe purpose this study was to investigate the role of early maladaptive schemas as cognitive factors and the role of difficulty in emotional regulation and coping styles as emotional factors in the prediction of gender dysphoria. This study was correlational. The statis MoreThe purpose this study was to investigate the role of early maladaptive schemas as cognitive factors and the role of difficulty in emotional regulation and coping styles as emotional factors in the prediction of gender dysphoria. This study was correlational. The statistical population included all individuals with gender dysphoria, visiting the Iranian Legal Medicine Organization of Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran, in order to follow legal proceedings for gender reassignment. Hundred participants were selected via convenience sampling, gave informed consent, and completed questionnaires: Difficulties in Emotion Regulation, Young Schema, coping styles, and Gender Identity Disorder The data were analyzed by stepwise regression .Based on the results of stepwise regression analysis in the field of difficulty in emotional regulation, the most important variable is limited strategies and the other important variables are the difficulty in performing the purposeful behavior, lack of emotional awareness and difficulty in controlling the momentum and the style of emotion-focused coping. The results of this analysis in the context of early maladaptive schemas extract the emotional exclusion schemas, distrust, and emotional inhibition. The results of this analysis, in general, show the most important variables in terms of limited strategies, distrust, difficulty in controlling impulse and emotional deprivation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - A structural model of the effect of early maladaptive schemas on marital conflicts mediated by alexithymia
atoosa asadzadeh Mohammad Baqer Hobi mehdi zaree bahramabadi abdolhassan farhangiMarital conflict is an interactive process in which couples feel uncomfortable about aspects of their relationship and sometimes try to resolve it in different ways. The aim of this study was to determine the appropriateness of structural equation modeling of early mala MoreMarital conflict is an interactive process in which couples feel uncomfortable about aspects of their relationship and sometimes try to resolve it in different ways. The aim of this study was to determine the appropriateness of structural equation modeling of early maladaptive schemas and marital conflicts with the mediating role of alexithymia. This research is applied and in terms of methodology, is the descriptive of correlation between structural equations. The statistical population of this study included all married people who referred to the psychological clinics of Tehran's District 2 in the period from February 2016 to July 2017, which is at least one year after their married life. In order to sample 300 people from the mentioned community, they were randomly selected by voluntary sampling method. Data collection questionnaires Marital conflict questionnaire (Sanai, Barati and Boostanipoor, 1996), Yang's early maladaptive schemas (Young & Brown,2005), and Toronto's Emotional Disappointment (Bagby, Taylor & Parker, 1994) were used to collect data. The data were collected using statistical method of structural equation modeling (SEM) using AMOS_22 software. The results showed that the fit indicators after model modification have property values and are in good fit with the research model and also the scope of early maladaptive schemas is related to the mediating role of questionnaires with marital conflicts. The result is that existing relationships can be used to improve marital relationships. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - The comparison of the effectiveness Schema Therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy on emotion cognitive regulation and early maladaptive schemas in women with suicidal thoughts (With an emphasis on culture)
Sara Feyzollahi Mohammad Naremani Tavakol MousazadehThe purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of schema therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy on emotion cognitive regulation and early maladaptive schemas in women with suicidal ideation in Ardabil (with emphasis on culture). The statistical popula MoreThe purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of schema therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy on emotion cognitive regulation and early maladaptive schemas in women with suicidal ideation in Ardabil (with emphasis on culture). The statistical population included all women with suicidal ideation who referred to Ardabil Sanitary General Centers. The research sample embraced 60 subjects whom were selected via purposive sampling procedure and were assigned randomly in two experimental and one control groups, twenty participants each. The research was semi-experimental study using pre-test, post-test with control group and two months’ follow-up period. To collect data Early Maladaptive Schemas Questionnaires (Yong, 2003); Short form of the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire of Garnefski and Kraaij, (2004) were implemented. experimental groups were exposed to schema therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy respectively for 8 sessions 90 minutes each and control group received none. The Data were analyzed by applying Multivariate Analysis of Covariance (MANCOVA), Univariate Analysis of Covariance(ANCOVA) and Bonferoni post hoc test. The results showed that schema therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy were effective on emotion cognitive regulation and early maladaptive schemas promotion in women with suicidal ideation (p< 0/001). The Bonferoni post hoc test results also indicated that there was no significant difference between the schema therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy in both groups. The results were persistent after the follow-up period. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Developing a model of marital satisfaction based on resilience and emotion regulation in women: the mediating role of primary maladaptive schemas
Zohreh Vaseghi Hasan Ahadi Hossein Bigdeli Javad KhalatbariAbstractIntroduction: Marriage is one of the most important factors of mental health in society. The purpose of the present study was to predict the marital satisfaction of adolescents based on resilience and emotion regulation with the mediating role of early maladapti MoreAbstractIntroduction: Marriage is one of the most important factors of mental health in society. The purpose of the present study was to predict the marital satisfaction of adolescents based on resilience and emotion regulation with the mediating role of early maladaptive schemas. Method: The method of the current research was applied, descriptive and correlational (structural equations type). The statistical population of the present study was made up of all married women who referred to the counseling centers of the Family Foundation Consolidation with an Islamic lifestyle approach in Tehran in 2021. By calculating the overestimation due to predicting the dropout of the subjects, the final sample size was 401 people, which according to the extent of the studied population, a non-random and available method was used. Olson's ENRICH Marital Satisfaction Scale (1989), Young & Brown's Young Schema Questionnaire-Short Form (1990), Garnefski et al.'s Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (2002), and Connor & Davidson's Conner-Davidson Resilience Scale (2003) were used to collect data. Then the resulting data were analyzed using path analysis method by AMOS-18 software. Results: The results indicated that resilience was able to predict marital satisfaction indirectly through schemas of impaired limitations 0.04, other-directedness 0.03 and alertness and inhibition 0.03. Also, compromised emotion regulation 0.35 and uncompromised emotion regulation -0.37, both directly and indirectly and through the schemas of impaired limitations -0.34, other-directedness 0.53, and alertness and inhibition 0.65 were able to predict marital satisfaction (p<0.001). Conclusion: Therefore, the variables of resilience, emotion regulation and early maladaptive schemas can play an important role in marital satisfaction and the need to pay attention to these important variables in divorce prevention programs should be considered. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Explaining binge eating based on rejection and disconnection schemas mediated by avoidance coping styles
Sogand Arjmand Hasan Mirzahossini Nader MonirpourBackground: Numerous studies have shown the relationship between early maladaptive schemas and psychological disorders. This study seeks to determine whether avoidance coping styles can influence the relationship between rejection and disconnection schemas and binge eat MoreBackground: Numerous studies have shown the relationship between early maladaptive schemas and psychological disorders. This study seeks to determine whether avoidance coping styles can influence the relationship between rejection and disconnection schemas and binge eating. Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the mediating role avoidance coping styles in the relationship between rejection and disconnection schemas and binge eating. Method: The research method is descriptive-correlational and in particular form of structural equation modeling. The statistical population includes all people with eating disorders who referred to counseling centers in Qom From this community, 234 people were selected as the sample group in a purposeful manner using the Millon scale ш. Research tools included the Young and Brown Schema Questionnaire (2003), Garner et al (1982) Extreme Compensation, and Yang-Ray Avoidance (1994). The data were analyzed using structural equation method. Results: The results showed that the fit of the research model was favorable (GFI >0.9) and avoidance coping styles, The relationship between rejection and disconnection schemas and binge eating played a mediating role. Conclusion: So Young's coping styles play a mediating role in the effects of rejection and disconnection schemas on binge eating. The results also showed that there is a positive relationship between schemas in the field of exclusion and overeating. In addition, it was found that there is a positive relationship between coping styles with avoiding overeating. This means that as uncompromising coping styles of avoidance increase, overeating increases. On the other hand, coping styles of avoidance play a role as a mediator of the relationship between the early uncompromising schemas of exclusion and cutting and overeating Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - The Effectiveness of Schema Therapy on Reducing Early Maladaptive Schemes and Psychological Symptoms of neuropsychiatry Veterans Wives in Tehran city
Fatemeh Yazdani Mohammd Mehdi JahangiriBackground: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of schema therapy on Reducing Early Maladaptive Schemes and Psychological Symptoms of neuropsychiatry Veterans Wives. Methods: In this study, a single-subject A-B interpersonal design with baseline MoreBackground: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of schema therapy on Reducing Early Maladaptive Schemes and Psychological Symptoms of neuropsychiatry Veterans Wives. Methods: In this study, a single-subject A-B interpersonal design with baseline and intervention with follow-up period was used. The statistical population consisted of all the spouses of veterans of the Martyrs and Martyrs Foundation of Tehran in 1398 who were selected by purposive sampling. After the baseline position, twenty sessions of individual schema therapy were presented to the participants. Visual analysis and percentage of improvement were used for data analysis. Results: The results showed that the effect of schema therapy on the modification of early maladaptive schemas and the psychological symptoms of the wives of the martyrs and martyrs foundation veterans. In other words, the percentages of remission and effect size related to early maladaptive schema domains and psychological symptoms showed a moderate to a higher than average decrease in participants. Conclusion: According to the findings of the study, it seems necessary to plan for intervention in cognitive and emotional levels in clinical interventions of spouses and families of veterans with psychiatric disorders and because of the effect of schema therapy on reducing psychological symptoms, Benefit as an effective approach. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Compare and Contrast the Maladaptive Schemas of Fashion and Beauty of the Younger and Older Generations and their Role in Family Conflicts.
Reza Sharifinia Hadi Bahrami Noor Ali FarrokhiPurpose: The Aim of this study was to compare and contrast the maladaptive schemas of fashion and beauty of the younger and older generations and their role in family conflicts. Methodology: The method of this study was causal-comparative. The statistical population con MorePurpose: The Aim of this study was to compare and contrast the maladaptive schemas of fashion and beauty of the younger and older generations and their role in family conflicts. Methodology: The method of this study was causal-comparative. The statistical population consisted of all men and women aged 55-60 and boys and girls aged 16-20 in District 2 of Tehran, 15000 from whom 350 were selected by random sampling. In this study, the questionnaire of fashion and aesthetic schemas related to age and gender (Bahrami, Farrokhi and Sharifinia, 2019) was used. The statistical method of this research was factor analysis in the form of two-way variance analysis and the interactive effect between them. Results: The findings showed differences in aesthetic schemas between the ages of 20-16 and 60-55. The results also showed that there was a significant difference between the aesthetic schemas in people aged 16-and 55-60 living in Tehran in both sexes, and there was a significant difference between the two sexes in all aspects except for the beauty criteria, which led to many have been differences in families (P<0/05). Conclusion: In general, it can be concluded that most of the differences between today's young generation and the previous generation are the difference in their schemas. Schemas that may be inconsistent due to the impact of social media, satellite, the Internet and peers may cause major family disputes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - Predicting Emotional Divorce based on Early Maladaptive Schemas in Couples with Marital Problems
Foujan Biyazari Kari Shaban Heidary Askar Asghari GanjiPurpose: One of the consequences of marital problems is emotional divorce, and based on the purpose of this research was predicting emotional divorce based on early maladaptive schemas in couples with marital problems.Methodology: This was study was descriptive from typ MorePurpose: One of the consequences of marital problems is emotional divorce, and based on the purpose of this research was predicting emotional divorce based on early maladaptive schemas in couples with marital problems.Methodology: This was study was descriptive from type of correlational which its statistical population was couples with marital problems referred to counseling centers of Babol township with number of 436 people (218 couples). The research sample based on Krejcie and Morgan table was estimated 204 people (102 couples) who were selected after reviewing the inclusion criteria by purposive non-random sampling method. The research instruments were included the emotional divorce scale (Gottman, 1994) and early maladaptive schemas scale (Young, 1994). Data were analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression in SPSS software.Findings: Findings showed that the whole of early maladaptive schema and three schemas including disconnection and rejection, other directedness and over vigilance had a positive and significant relationship with emotional divorce in couples with marital problems (P˂0.05), but two schemas including impaired autonomy and impaired limitations had not significantly relationship with emotional divorce in them (P>0.05). Other findings showed that early maladaptive schemas significantly could predict 36.8% of the changes of emotional divorce in couples with marital problems and three schemas of disconnection and rejection, other directedness and over vigilance significantly could predict 88.5% of the changes of emotional divorce in them (P˂0.001).Conclusion: According to the findings of the present study, the planning by health professionals and therapists to reduce emotional divorce in couples with marital problems is necessary by reducing the early maladaptive schemas, especially the three schemes of disconnection and rejection, other directedness and over vigilance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - Predicting Emotional Maturity based on Early Maladaptive Schemas in College Students: the Mediating Role of Empathy
Hamed Deilam Salehi محمد جواد اصغری ابراهیم آباد Hamidreza Aghamohammadian SharbafPurpose: Human emotions and feelings play a significant role in mental health. In this regard, emotional maturity is a skill that manages emotions in response to environmental demands. The present study aimed to predict emotional maturity based on early maladaptive sche MorePurpose: Human emotions and feelings play a significant role in mental health. In this regard, emotional maturity is a skill that manages emotions in response to environmental demands. The present study aimed to predict emotional maturity based on early maladaptive schemas mediated by empathy in college students. Methodology: The research method was descriptive and correlational. The study population consists of Ferdowsi University students enrolled in the academic year 2022-2023. Among them, 353 individuals were selected through convenience sampling. Singh and Bhargava Emotional Maturity Scale (1990), Young Schema Questionnaire (1998), and Mehrabian and Epstein Balanced Emotional Empathy Scale (1972) were used for data collection. Structural equation modeling was employed to examine the mediating role of variable. Findings: The Pearson correlation coefficient indicated a significant negative correlation between early maladaptive schemas and emotional maturity and empathy. Additionally, emotional maturity had a significant positive correlation with empathy. The results of the structural equation model revealed that the relationship between early maladaptive schemas and emotional maturity is directly established and empathy cannot mediate this relationship. Conclusion: Given the results of this study, the impact of early maladaptive schemas on emotional maturity can be of increased concern. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - Investigating the relationship between Early Maladaptive Schemas and Mental Health According to the Mediating Role of Alexithymia in Incompatible Couples
Monavareh Khalili Asl Qumarth KarimiPurpose: The main aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between maladaptive Schemas and mental health according to the mediating role of alexithymia in incompatible couples in the Miandoab city. Methodology: Research method was descriptive- correlational MorePurpose: The main aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between maladaptive Schemas and mental health according to the mediating role of alexithymia in incompatible couples in the Miandoab city. Methodology: Research method was descriptive- correlational. 76 incompatible couples in Miandoab city that referred to counseling centers were selected by purposeful sampling. Data were selected using Young Maladaptive Schemas Questionnaire (2006), Goldberg and Hillier Mental Health Scale (1979) and Toronto Alexithymia Scale (1994). Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to test the normality of the data. Pearson correlation test and path analysis were used to test the research hypotheses. Results: The results showed that there was a negative and significant correlation between early maladaptive Schemas and mental health (p≤0.05), negative and significant correlation between alexithymia and mental health (p≤0.05) and positive and significant correlation between early maladaptive schemas and alexithymia (p≤0.05). Also path analysis showed that direct effect of early maladaptive schemas on mental health was negative and significant (p≤0.05). Furthermore results revealed that indirect effect of early maladaptive schemas on mental health with regard the effect of alexithymia was negative and significant (p≤0.05). Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, it can be concluded that maladaptive schemas has a direct effect on both mental health and alexithymia, and alexithymia act as a mediating variable between early maladaptive schemas and mental health. The results of this study have practical implications for considering alexithymia as an important mediating variable. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - Investigation of Initial maladaptive Schemas and Types of Love between Drug-Addicted (Addicted) and Non-Addicted Men in Qom City
Ahmad Torabie mohammadkazem fakhri Majid Pourfaraj OmranPurpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the status of early maladaptive schemas and types of love among addicted and non-addicted men aged 20 to 45 years in Qom. Method: The tool used for data collection is the Early Incompatible Schemas Questionnaire (YSQ-SF MorePurpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the status of early maladaptive schemas and types of love among addicted and non-addicted men aged 20 to 45 years in Qom. Method: The tool used for data collection is the Early Incompatible Schemas Questionnaire (YSQ-SF short form) and the Robert J. Sternberg Triangular Love Questionnaire. To analyze the research data, indicators and statistical methods including mean, standard deviation and independent t-test were used. Findings: The results showed a significant difference (0.01) between the drug-dependent (addicted) and non-drug groups. The mean scores of early maladaptive schemas and types of love in substance abusers were significantly higher than the mean scores of normal individuals. In other words, drug-addicted men have higher levels of unhealthy core beliefs and incompatible cognitive foundations than non-addicted (non-addicted) men. Conclusion: This discrepancy was mostly seen in early maladaptive schemes such as: abandonment, distrust, abuse, disability and shame, vulnerability to harm and disease. Also, there is a statistically significant difference between the level of intimacy and commitment between consumers and non-consumers at the level of (0.01). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - Modeling the Structural Equations of Emotional Divorce based on Early Maladaptive Schemas, Marital Boredom mediated by Emotion Regulation in Married Women
Mousgan Jalalvand Hamidreza Rezazadeh Bahadoran, Shokouh Navabinejad Ali akbar khosravi BabadiAbstractThe aim of this study was to model the structural equations of emotional divorce based on early maladaptive schemas, marital boredom mediated by emotion regulation in married women in Tehran. The present study was descriptive, correlational and structural equati MoreAbstractThe aim of this study was to model the structural equations of emotional divorce based on early maladaptive schemas, marital boredom mediated by emotion regulation in married women in Tehran. The present study was descriptive, correlational and structural equation modeling. The statistical population of this research was all married women in Tehran. From among the statistical population a total of 200 married women living in Tehran were selected by available sampling method from the counseling centers of friends and counselors of the Association for the Protection of Children's Rights online (due to the presence of the Corona virus).There search instruments were emotional divorce questionnaire(EDQ), maladaptive schemas questionnaire(YSQ-SF2), marital boredom scale (CBM) and emotion regulation scale (ERS). All analyses were performed using SPSS26 and AMOS24 softwares. Bootstrap method in MACRO program was used to analyze the intermediary relationships. The results of direct relationships between research variables showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between cut and rejection, excessive listening and inhibition, and marital boredom with emotional divorce. Also, maladaptive schemas and marital boredom, in addition to a direct effect through emotion regulation, have a positive and significant indirect effect on emotional divorce. A conclusion can be drawn based on the findings of the research that emotion regulation as a mediating variable could explain the relationship between maladaptive schemas and marital boredom.Keywords: Emotional Divorce, Early maladaptive Schemas, Marital Boredom, Emotion Regulation1. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - pshodrama
shahla ghasemi fariba yazdkhasti hamidreza ariziEffectiveness of Psychodrama on early maladaptive schemas and behavioral-emotional problems in young girls with single parent Ghasemi RahmatAbadi, SH., Yazdikhsasti, F., Orayzi, HM Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of Psychodrama o MoreEffectiveness of Psychodrama on early maladaptive schemas and behavioral-emotional problems in young girls with single parent Ghasemi RahmatAbadi, SH., Yazdikhsasti, F., Orayzi, HM Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of Psychodrama on early maladaptive schemas and behavioral- emotional problems in young girls with single parent. The statistical population of this study were all of high school girls with single parent in Isfahan city. Among this population 30 students were selected by convenience sampling and assigned randomly in one experimental (n=15) and one control (n=15) group. 10 weekly sessions of Psychodrama were administrated for experimental group, but the control was received no intervention. Data were analyzed by ANCOVA. The results showed that Psychodrama reduced the rate of early maladaptive schemas and behavioral- emotional problems. Based on the results of this study, Psychodrama can be considered as an effective intervention for improvement of the intensity of early maladaptive schemas and behavioral-emotional problems in young girls with single parent. Keywords: Psychodrama, early maladaptive schemas, behavioral-emotional problems Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - Predicting the body image concern based on early maladaptive schemas and attachment styles
Atefeh Ahmadi Zeinab Sadat Tavakoli Sadat Miralami Fatemeh Mohammadabadi Elmira Ezazi BojnourdiPresent study aimed to predicting the body image concern based on early maladaptive schemas and attachment styles. This research was cross-sectional from type of correlation. The sample research was 400 undergraduate girl students of Islamic Azad University of Mashhad b MorePresent study aimed to predicting the body image concern based on early maladaptive schemas and attachment styles. This research was cross-sectional from type of correlation. The sample research was 400 undergraduate girl students of Islamic Azad University of Mashhad branch in 2018-19 academic years which were selected by multistep cluster sampling method. The research tools including the questionnaire of body image concern (Littleton & et al, 2005), early maladaptive schemas (Young, 1998) and attachment styles (Collins & Reid, 1990). Data were analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression with enter model. The findings showed that early maladaptive schemas including schemas of impaired autonomy and performance, disconnection and rejection, other directedness, excessive vigilance and inhibition and impaired limits and avoidant and ambivalent insecure attachment styles had a positive and significant relationship with body image concern in university girl students and secure attachment style had a negative and significant relationship with their body image concern. The prediction variables means early maladaptive schemas and attachment styles significantly could explain 46/6 percent of variance of body image concern in university girl students (p < 0/05). Regarded to the results to decrease the body image concern in university girl students via workshop can decrease the rate of early maladaptive schemas and insecure attachment styles and increase the rate of secure attachment style. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - The relationship between early maladaptive schemas and irrational relationship beliefs mediated by effective conflict resolution styles
Masoumeh Sayyadi Rahman Sheykhhadi Sirouei Sahar GhafouriThe aim of the present study was to determine the mediating role of effective conflict resolution styles on the relationship between maladaptive early schemas and irrational relationship beliefs. This was done in the framework of causal model. The method was correlation MoreThe aim of the present study was to determine the mediating role of effective conflict resolution styles on the relationship between maladaptive early schemas and irrational relationship beliefs. This was done in the framework of causal model. The method was correlation. For this reason 293 female undergraduate and postgraduate students of university of Tehran, Which were selected by random multi-stage cluster sampling, completed a Young Schema Questionnaire (YSQ, 1990), The Relationship Belief Inventory (RBI, 1982) and Rahim Organizational Conflict Inventory–II (ROCI-II,1983). Data analysis was performed using structural equation modeling with AMOS software. Finding revealed that direct effect of early maladaptive schemas and effective conflict solving styles (integration style and compromise style) was significant on relationship beliefs (p = 0/001). Also, in the relationship between maladaptive early schemas and relationship beliefs, the effective conflict solving styles had a mediating role (p < 0/01). Therefore, therapists can reduce the impact of relationship beliefs in their clients by evaluating early maladaptive schemas and increasing the skills of effective conflict resolution. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - The relationship attachment styles and early maladaptive schemas with creativity in teen girl students of Qazvin schools
Kolsum Moradi Mohamad reza JalaliThis study has been researched aimed to investigate the relationship between attachment styles and early maladaptive schemas and creativity in teen female students in Qazvin city. The study sample include 154 teen female students .The students were selected through mult MoreThis study has been researched aimed to investigate the relationship between attachment styles and early maladaptive schemas and creativity in teen female students in Qazvin city. The study sample include 154 teen female students .The students were selected through multi-stage cluster sampling. In order to collect data, Hazan and Shaver Adult attachment style questionnaire, early maladaptive schemas Yang (short form) and Abedi creativity were used. The research is descriptive and correlational. Statistical methods in this study are used to analyze the data, including Pearsonian correlation, multiple regression. The results of Correlation coefficients showed that there is a significant negative relationship only between creativity and ambivalent attachment In a way that with Decreasing the scores of students in ambivalent attachment style, their creativity will rise and vice versa. In the case of both secure and insecure attachment style and creativity, there was no significant relationship between them. Also the total score of schemes have a significant negative relationship with creativity at the level of 0.05. Multiple regression analysis (Simultaneous) revealed that disconnection and autonomy variable have the largest share and effect in creativity. In other words, these two variables significantly affect the anticipation of creativity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - Comparison of early maladaptive schemas and psychological well-being in women with extramarital, divorced, and normal relationships
Ramazan Hassanzadeh Hassanzadeh Nila Kochaksaraei Kochaksaraei Mohamad Kazem Fakhri FakhriThe purpose of this study was to compare the early maladaptive and psychological well-being in women with extramarital, divorced, and normal relationships. The research method was post-event or causal-comparative. The statistical population of the present study consiste MoreThe purpose of this study was to compare the early maladaptive and psychological well-being in women with extramarital, divorced, and normal relationships. The research method was post-event or causal-comparative. The statistical population of the present study consisted of three groups of divorced women, women with extramarital relationship who were selected by convenience sampling, and the group of normal women who were randomly selected. The Normal Women Group completed the Infidelity Attitude Questionnaire to determine not to be involved in emotional relationships. Finally, all three groups completed the Young Schema Questionnaire and the Psychological Well-being Questionnaire. In response to the research hypothesis that there are significant differences between early maladaptive schemas and psychological well-being in normal women, divorced, and women with extramarital the means were compared and inferential statistics were calculated.The results of the present study showed that early maladaptive schemas and psychological well-being in women with extramarital relationships was different.The results of the present study suggested that early maladaptive schemas and psychological well-being in women with extramarital relationships could be important. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - The Effectiveness Of emotion-oriented Approach on early Maladaptive Schemas, Quality of marital life and Cognitive Regulation of Emotion In infidel Couples
Mahsa Keivani Amir Panahali Shole Livarjani Ali KhademiThe aim of the current research was to determine the effectiveness of the emotion-oriented approach on early maladaptive schemas, quality of married life, and cognitive regulation of emotion in couples who have experienced infidelity. The current research was semi-exper MoreThe aim of the current research was to determine the effectiveness of the emotion-oriented approach on early maladaptive schemas, quality of married life, and cognitive regulation of emotion in couples who have experienced infidelity. The current research was semi-experimental. The statistical population of the current research included couples who had witnessed betrayal (the betrayer and the betrayed) and visited the counseling centers of Tabriz city from April 1400 to August. The sample including 14 couples was selected and randomly divided into 2 groups. The experimental group received emotional intervention and the control group did not receive any intervention. The measurement tools included Young's early maladaptive schemas questionnaire, Busby, Curran, Larsen and Christensen's Marital Life Quality Questionnaire and Garnevsky and Kraij's Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire. Multivariate analysis of covariance using Spss software was used for analysis. The results showed that emotional therapy has significantly reduced emotional deprivation, abandonment, social isolation, deficiency, dependence, distress, sacrifice and emotional inhibition in the post-test stage. Also, the emotion-oriented approach has significantly increased the components of the quality of married life, agreement, satisfaction, and cohesion, as well as increasing the cognitive regulation of compatible emotions and reducing the cognitive regulation of incompatible emotions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - The Effect of Schema-Based Pre-marital Instruction on Marriage Values and the Ideal Image of the Spouse in Single Girls
Samaneh Mokhtari Zahra. Yousefi. GholamReza ManshaeiThe purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of schema-based pre-marital instructionon the marriage values and the ideal image of the spouse in single girls in Isfahan. This study was performed using the quasi-experimental method with pretest-posttes MoreThe purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of schema-based pre-marital instructionon the marriage values and the ideal image of the spouse in single girls in Isfahan. This study was performed using the quasi-experimental method with pretest-posttest design and control group. The statistical population of this study consisted single girls under 30 years old in Isfahan. For this purpose, 30 single girls were selected through convenience sampling method and were divided into two groups: (15 people) in control and (15 people) in experimental group. The experimental group underwent schema-based pre-marital group training during 15 ninety-minute sessions. Participants answered the Marriage Values Questionnaire by Delkhamoosh (2007) and Spouse Selection Attitudes Questionnaire by Cobb, Larson and Watson (2003) in the pre-intervention and post-intervention stages. The only difference was that the control group did not receive any intervention. Findings from the covariance ANCOVA showed that pre-marital instruction the ideal image of the spouse in the post-test stage (P/00.05). Therefore, it can be concluded that the schema-based pre-marital education can be considered as an important and key pre-marital intervention. The results of this study can be used by family and marriage counselors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - Predicting attitudes toward Extra Marital Relationship based on the use of virtual social networks, personality traits, and early maladaptive schemas in women
Mehdi Sharifi Mahsa Vaseghi Ali Hoseinaei Alireza GhorbaniThe extramarital affair as a distressing experience, as well as one of the main reasons for divorce and the breakdown of marital life, is an issue that couples therapists face on a regular basis. Several factors can be In this issue. The aim of this study was to predict MoreThe extramarital affair as a distressing experience, as well as one of the main reasons for divorce and the breakdown of marital life, is an issue that couples therapists face on a regular basis. Several factors can be In this issue. The aim of this study was to predict attitudes toward extramarital affairs based on the use of virtual social networks, personality traits and early maladaptive schemas. The statistical population included all couples referring to Gonbad city counseling clinics. To collect the data, Mark Watley's (2006) attitude questionnaire to transnational relationships, Yang's short schema form (1994), Neo's personality five-question assessment questionnaire (1985), and social networking questionnaire of Jahanbani (2018) were used. The results of the correlation coefficient and regression analysis showed that there is a significant correlation between the use of virtual social networks and attitudes towards transnational relations. There is also a significant relationship between neuroticism and agreement with attitudes toward transnational relationships. In addition, there is a significant correlation between early maladaptive schemas and attitudes toward extramarital affairs. Therefore, according to the research results, it is hoped that by training the necessary skills in the use of virtual social networks and also examining personality traits and early maladaptive schemas in premarital counseling to a large extent, the necessary can be done. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - Structural Model of the Mediating Role of Negative Emotion in the Relationship Between Early Maladaptive Schemas with Adolescent Psychological Distress Experience
sim abdzadeh Masoumeh Azemoudeh mohammadazad Abdullahpour sholeh livarjaniThe aim of this study was to determine the structural model of the effect of early maladaptive schemas on the experience of psychological distress through negative emotion regulation in adolescents. The present study was a descriptive-correlational study using structura MoreThe aim of this study was to determine the structural model of the effect of early maladaptive schemas on the experience of psychological distress through negative emotion regulation in adolescents. The present study was a descriptive-correlational study using structural equation modeling. The statistical population included all high school students in Miandoab city in the academic year 2019-2020 to the number of 4779 people. The statistical sample included 399 students who were selected using solving formula by stepwise cluster sampling. Data collection tools included the Young schema questionnaire, cognitive emotion regulation, and psychological distress scale. Data analysis was performed using Spss-26 and Amos-21. Data analysis showed that the direct paths of early maladaptive schemas to the regulation of negative emotion and psychological distress and the direct pathways of negative emotion regulation to psychological disturbance are statistically significant (p Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - Predicting Academic Satisfaction Based on Psychological Needs with the Mediating Role of Class-Related Emotion and Early Maladaptive Schemas
Fatemeh Zamani Alimohammad RezaeiThe aim of the current research was to predict academic satisfaction based on psychological needs with the mediating role of Class-Related Emotion and early maladaptive schemas. In this correlational description, with a random cluster method, 741 students aged 13 to 14 MoreThe aim of the current research was to predict academic satisfaction based on psychological needs with the mediating role of Class-Related Emotion and early maladaptive schemas. In this correlational description, with a random cluster method, 741 students aged 13 to 14 years old in 15th district of Tehran in 1400 were selected as a sample and were asked to answer the basic psychological needs questionnaire of Desi (2000), the Dusseldorf Child Schema Picture Questionnaire (DISC) Luez, Mayer and Petroski (2018), the Class-Related Emotion Scales, derived from the academic emotions questionnaire (AEQ) Pekrun et al (2005) and the academic satisfaction subscale, derived from the multi-dimensional life satisfaction (Höbner, 2001). The data were analyzed using partial least squares (PLS) software. The results showed that psychological needs variable with the mediation of positive and negative academic emotions and initial incompatible plans have a significant effect in explaining academic satisfaction and the overall effect of this change on academic satisfaction is also significant. Therefore, satisfying basic psychological needs can increase positive Class-Related Emotion, decrease negative Class-Related Emotion, and decrease initial incompatible schema and so it can increase academic satisfaction. Based on the results, educational psychologists can simultaneously play an important role in Class-Related Emotion and early maladaptive schemas and improve academic satisfaction by considering the basic psychological needs, and thus they can eliminate the factors that cause them to be discouraged with their lessons and education. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - The effectiveness of schema therapy on moderating early maladaptive schemas and reducing students' anxiety sensitivity
Asgar Jafari Jafar Pouyamanesh Naser Ghorbanian Mahsa KabiriAnxiety sensitivity is fear of anxiety and anxiety-related Symptoms that may lead the potential traumatic effects of physical, psychological and social. Anxiety sensitivity is a traumatic factor for anxiety disorders. Present study aimed to determine effectiveness of Sc MoreAnxiety sensitivity is fear of anxiety and anxiety-related Symptoms that may lead the potential traumatic effects of physical, psychological and social. Anxiety sensitivity is a traumatic factor for anxiety disorders. Present study aimed to determine effectiveness of Schema Therapy on moderating early maladaptive schemas and reducing anxiety sensitivity in students of Islamic Azad University. Present research was semi experimental type with inquiry pre test post test with control group. 10 subjects were selected randomly and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. Data were Collected by YSQ (short form) and ASI and were analyzed by variance with repeated measurement. Research results indicated that interventions based on schema therapy could significantly moderate all schemas except schemas of social isolation/alienation, failure, and entitlement/grandiosity. In addition, interventions based on schema therapy can significantly reduce anxiety sensitivity. Results provided some evidences that schema therapy is an appropriate approach on moderating early maladaptive schemas and reducing anxiety sensitivity in university students. Therefore, for moderating early maladaptive schemas and reducing anxiety sensitivity, it may be useful to try changing or moderating schemas based on schema therapy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - Prediction of tendency to addiction based on maladaptive schemas, attachment styles and parental patterns in women who use tobacco
Sara Yavarimahboob Marjan RabeiThe purpose of this study was to predict addiction tendency based on early maladaptive schemas, attachment styles and parental patterns in women who use tobacco. For this purpose, 130 women smokers (smokers and hookahs) living in west of Tehran were selected by availabl MoreThe purpose of this study was to predict addiction tendency based on early maladaptive schemas, attachment styles and parental patterns in women who use tobacco. For this purpose, 130 women smokers (smokers and hookahs) living in west of Tehran were selected by available sampling method. In order to measure variables, the Ahwaz addiction tendency (Zarger et al.) Questionnaire was used to measure the addiction tendency variable, Yang-Short Form Short Scale (YSQ-SF) Questionnaire to measure the variables of early maladaptive schemas, adult attachment style questionnaire Collins and Reid were used to measure the variables of attachment styles and the parental model questionnaire was used to measure this variable. After completing the questionnaires by the subjects, SPSS-21 software was used to analyze the statistical data in two descriptive and inferential levels. Inferential statistical results showed that the variables of the early maladaptive schemas with defective / shame schemata (β = 286/0), dependency / incompetence (β = 0/208), obedience (β = 0.242) and sacrifice (262 / 0 = β) can predict the tendency to addiction. Also, the variable of attachment style with avoidant style with positive and significant relationship (β = 0.244) and parenting model variables with logical authoritative model with negative and significant relationship (β = -0.444) can be related to addiction tendency in women who consume Tobacco Forecast. The tendency to addiction in tobacco use women is predictable based on early maladaptive schemas, attachment style and parenting pattern. Therefore, it is necessary for researchers, researchers and therapists to focus on reducing the trend towards addiction or leaving people with substance abuse to these variables. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
29 - Evaluation of early maladaptive schemas among 20-45 year old addicted and non addicted men in Qom
mona fadaee AHMAD TORABIThe purpose of this study was to investigate the status of early maladaptive schemas among addicts and non-addicted men in Qom city. The tool used for data collection is the questionnaire of early maladaptive schemas (short form YSQ-SF). Statistical indices and methods MoreThe purpose of this study was to investigate the status of early maladaptive schemas among addicts and non-addicted men in Qom city. The tool used for data collection is the questionnaire of early maladaptive schemas (short form YSQ-SF). Statistical indices and methods including mean, standard deviation and independent t-test were used to analyze the data. The results showed a significant difference (0.01) between drug dependent (addicted) and non-dependent groups. The mean scores of early maladaptive schemas were significantly higher in the substance abusers than in the normal subjects. In other words, drug-addicted men have a higher degree of maladaptive core beliefs and maladaptive cognition than non-addicted men. This discrepancy was most evident in early maladaptive schemes such as abandonment, mistrust, mistreatment, defect and shame, vulnerability to harm and disease. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
30 - Attachment and Loneliness: The Mediating Role of Maladaptive Schemas
Marziye Dalir Fardoee Mehrnaz Ahmadi The aim of this study was to investigate the mediating role of maladaptive schemas in the relationship between attachment and loneliness in female adolescents. The study design was correlational. 415 Ninth to twelfth grades students were selected by in More The aim of this study was to investigate the mediating role of maladaptive schemas in the relationship between attachment and loneliness in female adolescents. The study design was correlational. 415 Ninth to twelfth grades students were selected by in access sampling method. The participants completed the Loneliness Scale-version 3 (Russell, 1996), Experiences in Close–relationship Structures Questionnaire (FeddernDonbaek & Elklit, 2014) and Short Form of Young Schema Questionnaire (Young & Brown, 1999). Data were analyzed by path analysis method. Results confirmed the mediating role of maladaptive schemas in the relationship between attachment and loneliness. Results also indicated the significant positive effect of avoidant attachment on disconnection, other-directedness, over vigilance/inhibition and impaired limit schemas. The direct effect of avoidant attachment on impaired schema was not significant. The direct effect of anxious attachment on disconnection, impaired performance, other-directedness, and over vigilance/inhibition schemas was positive. However, the direct effect of anxious attachment on the impaired limit was not significant. In addition, the direct effect of avoidant and anxious attachment and disconnection, over vigilance/inhibition on loneliness was positive; and the direct effect of other-directedness scheme on loneliness was negative. The direct effect of impaired performance and impaired limit on loneliness was not significant. Findings suggest that disconnection, over vigilance/inhibition and other-directedness schemas had a mediating role between attachment and loneliness relation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
31 - Individual' Familial and Social Factors Effective on the Experience of Love Failure : A Systematic Review
ladan araghi Abdollah Shafiabadi Ali Delavar mozhgan mardaniradABSTRACT One of the most challenging issues that can happen to people in their lifetime today is the experience of love failure, which is mainly associated with various negative consequences. The aim of the current research was to identify the factors that affect love f MoreABSTRACT One of the most challenging issues that can happen to people in their lifetime today is the experience of love failure, which is mainly associated with various negative consequences. The aim of the current research was to identify the factors that affect love failure. For this purpose, the systematic review method was used. In this section, the community included all domestic and international written sources (printed/electronic) on the experience of love failure, which could be retrieved and accessed through domestic and foreign databases. After determining the inclusion criteria (published from 2000 to now; studies that were published in a reputable journal and had full text; experimental and review studies) and screening and evaluation of articles, 37 studies were selected. With the systematic review of the background of the research and based on the systematic review, personality characteristics, attachment style and maladaptive schemas as three important individual factors, parenting patterns as an important family factor and perceived social support as an important factor. social influence on the experience of love failure were identified. Based on the results of this research, it is necessary to pay attention to the identified individual, family and social variables in the design of interventions and programs that are designed for the prevention or treatment of emotional failure. The effect and role of each of these variables on emotional failure was discussed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
32 - A study on the Relationship between Early Maladaptive Schemas and Five Personality Factors with Impulsivity in Young People with Tattoos
Samira Khebreh Fatemeh GolshaniThe purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between five personality factors and early maladaptive schemas with impulsivity in young people with tattoos. In a descriptive correlational study, 250 young people with tattoos in the age range of 18 to MoreThe purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between five personality factors and early maladaptive schemas with impulsivity in young people with tattoos. In a descriptive correlational study, 250 young people with tattoos in the age range of 18 to 35 years were selected by purposive sampling. Data were collected using the NeoPersonality Factors Questionnaire (short form) Young’s early maladaptive schemas (short form) and Barthes Impulsivity (BIS_ 11). Then data were analyzed using SPSS 26 software. The results showed that there exists a positive significant correlation ship between the early maladaptive schemas of emotional deprivation, abandonment, mistrust, mistreatment, social isolation, shame, failure, dependence, vulnerability to harm and disease, lack of self-development, obedience, emotional inhabitation, self-control and self-consciousness in young people with tattoos. Also there are no significant relationship between personality traits of extroversion, openness and agreement among the initial maladaptive schemas of self – sacrifice, stubbornness, ambition purposefulness and impulsivity in young people with tattoos. Also neurotic variables, failure schemes and shame schemes were able to predict impulsivity in young people with tattoos. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
33 - The role of early maladaptive schemas, social support and perceived gender discrimination in predicting suicidal tendency in women with self-immolation experience
Maryam Shabrang Moridani Mozhgan Abbasi Abrazgah hossein abbasi masoud shakeri mohadeseh mohamadpourThe aim of the present study was to investigate the role of primary maladaptive schemas, social support and perceived gender discrimination in predicting suicidal tendency in women with self-immolation experience. This research was descriptive and correlational. The sta MoreThe aim of the present study was to investigate the role of primary maladaptive schemas, social support and perceived gender discrimination in predicting suicidal tendency in women with self-immolation experience. This research was descriptive and correlational. The statistical population of this research included all married women aged 18 to 55 years with a history of self-immolation who referred to health centers in the city of Dohdasht in the second half of 2021, and 160 people were selected by purposive sampling. The research tools included Beck's Suicidal Thoughts Questionnaire (1961), Young Schema Short Form Questionnaire (1988), Zimmet et al.'s Perceived Social Support Questionnaire (1988), and Klonoff and Landrin's Gender Discrimination Events Questionnaire (1995). The data were analyzed using Piron's correlation and multiple regression simultaneously. The results showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between initial maladaptive schemas, perceived gender discrimination and suicidal tendencies, and a negative and significant relationship between social support and suicidal tendencies (p<0.01). Also, the results have shown that initial maladaptive schemas, social support, and perceived gender discrimination predict 0.59 suicide tendency in women with self-immolation experience. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
34 - The effectiveness of emotion-oriented approach on early maladaptive schemas, quality of marital life and cognitive regulation of emotion in infidel couples
Mahsa Keivani امیر پناه علی شعله لیوارجانی ali khademiThe aim of the current research was to determine the effectiveness of the emotion-oriented approach on early maladaptive schemas, quality of married life, and cognitive regulation of emotion in couples who have experienced infidelity. The current research was semi-exper MoreThe aim of the current research was to determine the effectiveness of the emotion-oriented approach on early maladaptive schemas, quality of married life, and cognitive regulation of emotion in couples who have experienced infidelity. The current research was semi-experimental. The statistical population of the current research included couples who had witnessed betrayal (the betrayer and the betrayed) who visited the counseling centers of Tabriz city from April 1400 to August. The sample number of 14 couples was selected and randomly divided into 2 groups. The experimental group received emotional intervention and the control group did not receive any intervention. The measurement tools included Young's early maladaptive schemas questionnaire, Busby, Curran, Larsen and Christensen's Marital Life Quality Questionnaire and Garnevsky and Kraij's Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire. Multivariate analysis of covariance using Spss software was used for analysis. The results showed that emotional therapy has significantly reduced emotional deprivation, abandonment, social isolation, deficiency, dependence, distress, sacrifice and emotional inhibition in the post-test stage. Also, the emotion-oriented approach has significantly increased the components of the quality of married life, agreement, satisfaction, and cohesion, as well as increasing the cognitive regulation of compatible emotions and reducing the cognitive regulation of incompatible emotions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
35 - Sexual variety seeking based on early maladaptive schemas, parenting styles and moods
Hussein Rezaeian Bilondī Nader Monirpour Hamid Reza HasanabadiSexual variety seeking is a sexual behavior that is characterized by the preoccupation with multiple sexual relationships and, in behavioral domains with the attempt to establish sexual relationships with new people and in different forms. The aim of this study is to pr MoreSexual variety seeking is a sexual behavior that is characterized by the preoccupation with multiple sexual relationships and, in behavioral domains with the attempt to establish sexual relationships with new people and in different forms. The aim of this study is to provide a structural model to explain the sexual variety seeking based on early maladaptive schemas, parenting styles and moods. In this study, 422 married men from the community of theologians and students of Qom were selected through random sampling method and tested for sexual variety seeking, temperament, early maladaptive schemas, and parenting styles. The results of exploratory, confirmatory and modeling factor analysis of structural equation indicated that early maladaptive schemas (43 percent), paternal parenting styles directly (32%) and indirectly (9%) account for sexual variety seeking. Maternal parenting styles and moods indirectly (respectively 13% and 19%) and through the early maladaptive schemas explain sexual variety seeking. In general, it seems that early maladaptive schemas play an important role in explaining sexual variety seeking. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
36 - The relationship between defense styles and early maladaptive schemas with resilience in boy students of high school in Tehran city
Majid Jazayeri Hamid Reza Vatan khah Mohamad Mehdi badieiResilience is one of the main structures of personality for understanding motivation, emotion, behavior and capacity to withstand stress and disaster. Resiliency is defined as a power or an ability to return to early life and beginning of a new condition by reducing str MoreResilience is one of the main structures of personality for understanding motivation, emotion, behavior and capacity to withstand stress and disaster. Resiliency is defined as a power or an ability to return to early life and beginning of a new condition by reducing stressful pressures or distortion of it and replacing it with joy. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between defensive styles of early maladaptive schemas with resilience. So, in a descriptive study, 250 high school students in Tehran were selected by multistage cluster sampling and were tested in terms of defensive style, early maladaptive schemas, and resilience. The results of multiple regression analyzes indicated that there is a positive correlation between the resilience with mature defense mechanisms and a negative correlation with early maladaptive schemas cuts, rejection, autonomy ,impaired performance, other directed and impaired limitations. Also, it was found that mature and immature defense styles are predictors of resilience and immature defense style predict reduced resilience and early maladaptive schemas of resiliency. It seems that mature defense-style along with maladaptive autonomy schemas, impaired performance, over hyper vigilance and inhibition can also predict the improvement or increase of the resiliency. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
37 - The mediating role of early maladaptive schemas in relationship between attachment styles and anxiety of death among cancer patients
Shahed Masoodi Hamid Reza Hatami Morteza Modaress Shokosadat BanijamaliDeath anxiety is defined as feelings of panic, anxiety and fear of death and non-existence. The aim of this study is to examine the mediating role of early maladaptive schemas in relation to attachment styles and anxiety of death among patients with cancer. For this pur MoreDeath anxiety is defined as feelings of panic, anxiety and fear of death and non-existence. The aim of this study is to examine the mediating role of early maladaptive schemas in relation to attachment styles and anxiety of death among patients with cancer. For this purpose, in a descriptive correlational study, 367 patients (140 women and 227 men) were selected through volunteering sampling from cancer patients referred to specialized and oncology centre of Emam Reza, Ghaem Hospital and Omid Hospital in Mashhad between September 93 to August 94. The participants were evaluated for death anxiety level, adult attachment style, and early maladaptive schemas. The results showed that there is a significant relationship between attachment styles and anxiety of death through mediation of early maladaptive schemas, and that early maladaptive schemas have been able to affect, the relationship between attachment styles and the anxiety of death as a mediator variable. Thus, using the psychological interventions for alteration of unhealthy behavioral patterns, and counseling a psychologist to identify and modify the primary schemas, alongside the primary medical techniques, can help to reduce the psychological harm among the cancer patients. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
38 - The role of sources of childhood emotional maltreatment in predicting conditional and unconditional maladaptive schemas in adulthood
Shirin Farazmand Parvaneh Mohamad Khani Abbas Pourshahbaz Behrouz DolatshaheeAlthough the distinction between conditional and unconditional schemas by theoretical and clinical application is very important, previous studies have only provided some preliminary evidence for the development of schemas by conditionality, and few studies have examine MoreAlthough the distinction between conditional and unconditional schemas by theoretical and clinical application is very important, previous studies have only provided some preliminary evidence for the development of schemas by conditionality, and few studies have examined the distinction between conditional and unconditional schemas. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of sources of childhood emotional maltreatment (parent’s, peer’s and others’ emotional maltreatment in childhood) in predicting of conditional and unconditional schemas in adulthood. For this purpose in a descriptive correlational study, 315 students were selected from students of Tehran universities (University of social welfare and rehabilitation science, Khajenasir University, Shahid Beheshti University, Azad University, Payame Noor University) with available sampling selected and were examined on life experiences and maladaptive schemas questionnaires. The result of multiple regression analysis showed that parent’s and peer’s emotional maltreatment predicted unconditional schemas and parent’s, peer’s and other’s emotional maltreatment predicted conditional schemas in college students. It seems that, maltreatment of sources that are more persistence and intensity in the person’s life, are stronger predictors in predicting conditional and unconditional schemas. Because sources of maltreatment that have a role in developing unconditional schemas, certainly have also a role in predicting conditional schemas. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
39 - The potency of early maladaptive schemas and personality dimensions in prediction of depression
Mehdi Rezaei simin GHolamrezayi Mohamad Ali Sepahvandi Firoze Ghazanfari Fazollah DarikvandEarly maladaptive schemas are patterns or deep themes, pervasive and inefficient which are formed in childhood or adolescence. They continue in adulthood and they act on the deepest level of cognition in which usually a person is not aware of .The Schemas make people wh MoreEarly maladaptive schemas are patterns or deep themes, pervasive and inefficient which are formed in childhood or adolescence. They continue in adulthood and they act on the deepest level of cognition in which usually a person is not aware of .The Schemas make people who are prone to depression, anxiety, and dysfunctional interpersonal relationships and psycho-somatic get hurt. The purpose of this study was to determine the ability of personality dimensions and early maladaptive schemas in predicting depression. For this purpose in a descriptive study, correlation type, 384 patients (201 women, 172 men, 11 unknown) were selected based on the available samples from Zanjan and Lorestan University. They were tested regarding the early maladaptive schemas, personality traits and depression. Analysis of the regression indicated that maladaptive schemas are positively correlated with neuroticism factor and they are negatively correlated with four factors of extraversion, openness to experience, agreement and dutifulness. Selective maladaptive schemas were able to explain 27% of the depression variance. Given the current findings it can be said that neurotics is an important factor in formation of the maladaptive schemas. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
40 - Predicting Alexithymia based on Early Maladaptive Schemas and Perfectionism Mediating the Role of Cognitive Flexibility in Patients with Chronic Pain
Lily Vakilian MORTEZA TARKHAN Javad KhalatbariChronic Pain is a weakening condition which not only exposes the person suffering to stress due to pain, but also encounters him or her with continuous tension and influences various aspects of his or her life and disturb it. The aim of the study, was prediction of Alex MoreChronic Pain is a weakening condition which not only exposes the person suffering to stress due to pain, but also encounters him or her with continuous tension and influences various aspects of his or her life and disturb it. The aim of the study, was prediction of Alexithymia based on early Maladaptive Schemas and Perfectionism with the Mediating role of Cognitive Flexibility in people with Chronic Pain. For this purpose, from the patients with Chronic Patients who have referred to Tehran hospitals, 300 people were chosen be convenience sampling and assessed regarding Alexithymia, Early Maladaptive Schemas, Perfectionism, and cognitive flexibility. Results of route analysis showed Cognitive Flexibility with the rate of 0.23 has negative effect on Alexithymia (p < 0.05). Among the areas of early Maladaptive Schemas, only the area of disrupted limitations in explanation of Alexithymia variance has 0.13 positive effect (p < 0.01). Another finding of the study showed that Maladaptive Perfectionism has the rate of -0.279 effect in explanation variance of Alexithymia (p < 0.01); and Adaptive Perfectionism in explanation of Cognitive Flexibility variance, has effect with the rate of 0.139 (P < 0.05). Ultimately, indirect effect of Adaptive Perfectionism with the effect rate of -0.035 on Alexithymia through Cognitive Flexibility is meaningful (P < 0.05). Manuscript profile
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