The Mediating Role of Cognitive Emotion Regulation for Maladaptive Schemas and Negative Affects Among Youth

Subject Areas : Tectonostratigraphy

shahrzad mizani ¹ (. Department of psychology. Marvdasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht, Iran branch,Marvdasht,Iran.)
Azarmeidokht Rezaei ² (. Department of psychology. Marvdasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht, Iran Branc)
Mohammad khayyer ³ (Department of psychology. Marvdasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht, Iran)
Nadereh Sohrabi ⁴ (Department of psychology. Marvdasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht, Iran Branch)

Received: 2019-03-02 Accepted : 2019-05-01 Published : 2021-05-22

Keywords: Youth, Cognitive Emotion Regulation, maladaptive schemas, negative affects,

Abstract :

Introduction:Emotions are one aspect of human behavior. Positive and negative emotions are central to many theories of developmental and personality psychology as well as psychological pathology. This study aimed to explain the mediating role of cognitive emotion regulation  for maladaptive schemas and negative affects .
Materials and Methods:The present study was descriptive and correlational. The statistical population included all students of Marvdasht Azad University who were studying . Participants in the study were 299 students of different faculties of Marvdasht Azad University who were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling. Data were analyzed using the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire by Garnowski et al., Watson et al. and Young's maladaptive schemas, which confirmed the validity and reliability of the instrument. Data analysis was performed using spss-24 software at both descriptive and inferential levels. To investigate the studied hypotheses, Baron and Kenny method and multiple regression in inter manner and  hierachical regression were used to study hypothesis.
Findings:The findings of the research showed that positive and negative cognitive emotion regulation has a mediating role in relationship between maladaptive schemas and negative  affects.
Conclusion:By teaching adaptive emotion regulation strategies in this group, the negative impact of maladaptive schemas on their negative affects,can be reduced and the level of negative affects,in
these people can be reduced.

References:

1. 1.Allan NP, Lonigan CJ, & Phillips BM. Examining the factor structure and structural invariance of the PANAS across children, adolescents, and young adults. Journal of Personality Assessment. 2015;97(6): 616–625. [doi.org/10.1080/00223891.2015.1038388]


2. Watson D, Clarck LA, and Tellegan A. Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: the PANAS scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 1988; 54(6): 1063-1070. [DOI: 10.1037//0022-3514.54.6.1063]


3. Thompson ER. Development and validation of an internationally reliable short-form of the positive and negative affect schedule (PANAS). J. Cross-Cult. Psychol. 2007; 38(2):227-42. [doi.org/10.1177/0022022106297301]


4. Hu J, & Gruber K J. Positive and negative affect and health functioning indicators among older adults with chronic illnesses. Issues in mental health nursing, 2008;29(8): 895-911. DOI:10.1080/016128408021829384


5. Reich JW, Zautra AJ, & Davis M. Dimensions of affect relationships: Models and their integrative implications. Review of General Psychology.2003;7(1):66–83.

                [doi.org/10.1037/1089-2680.7.    1.66]

1. Palgi Y, Shrira A, Ben-Ezra M, Spalter T, Kavé G, & Shmotkin D. Age-related and death-related differences in emotional complexity. Psychology and Aging. 2014; 29(2): 284–296.

         [doi.org/10.1037/a0036302]

1. Bodner E, Palgi Y, Kaveh D. Does the Relationship Between Affect Complexity and Self-Esteem Differ in Young-Old and Old-Old Participants?, The Journals of Gerontology. 2013; 68(5):665–673. [doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbs095]


2. Wong WS, Fielding R. Suppression of emotion expression mediates the effects of negative affect on pain catastrophizing: A cross-sectional analysis. Clin. J. Pain, 2013; 29(10):865-72. [DOI: 10.1097/AJP.0b013e31827da3b5]


3. Pollock NC, McCabe GA, Southard AC, Zeigler-Hill V. Pathological personality traits and emotion regulation difficulties. Personality and Individual Differences. 2016; 95: 168-177. [ DOI. org/10.1016/ j.paid. 2016.02.049]


4. Garnefski N, Karaj V. Relationship between cognitive emotion regulation strategies and depressive symptoms: A comparative study of five specific samples. Personality and Individual Differences. 2006; 40: 1659-69. [doi:10.1016/j.paid.2005.12.009]


5. Garnefski N. Koopman H, Kraaij V, and Tencate R. Cognitive emotion regulation Strategies and psychological  adjustment in adolescents with a chronic disease. Journal of adolescence. 2009; 32:449-454. [DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2008.01.003]


6. Henderson AW, Lehavot K, & Simoni JM. Ecological models of sexual satisfaction among lesbian/bisexual and heterosexual women. Archives of Sexual Behavior.2009; 38: 50-65. [DOI.10.1007/s10508-008-9384-3]


7. Garnefski N, Kraaij V, & Spinhoven P. Negative Life Events, Cognitive Emotion Regulation and Emotional Problems. Personality and Individual Differences.2001; 30: 1311-1327. [DOI.org/10.1016/S0191-8869(00)00113-6]


8. Crechetti D, Ackerman BD, and Izard CE. Emotions and emotion regulation in developmental psycho pathology. Developmental and psychopathology.1995; 7: 1-10.[DOI. org/10.1017/S095457 9400006301]


9. Martin RC, and Dahlen ER. Cognitive Emotion Regulation In the Prediction of Depression, Anxiety, Stress, and Anger. Personality and Individual Differences. 2005; 39(7): 1249-1260. [DOI.org/10.1016/j.paid.2005.06.004]


10. Nakagava T, Gonoo Y, Shioka Y, and Masui Y. Age, Emotion regulation, and affect in adulthood: the mediating role of cognitive reappraisal. Japanese Psychological Research. 2017; 59(4): 301-308. [ DOI.org/10.1111/jpr.12159]


11. Young JE. Schema-Focused Cognitive Therapy and the Case of Ms. S. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration.2005; 15(1): 115–126. [doi.org/10.1037/1053-0479.15.1 .115]


12. Young J, McCrae RR, Costa PT, Dai X, Yao S, Cai T, & Gao B. Cross-cultural personality assessment in psychiatric populations:The NEO-PI—R in the people's Republic of China. Psychological Assessment. 1999; 11(3):359-368.[ DOI. org/10. 1037 /1040-3590.11.3.359]


13. Besharat MA, and Bazazian S. Evaluation of psychometric properties of Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire in a sample of Iranian society. Journal of the School of  Nursing and Midwifery. 2014; 84: 61-70.


14. Merz EL, Malcarne VL, Roesch SC, Ko CM, Emerson M, Roma VG, Sadler GR. Psychometric properties of Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) original and short forms in an African American community sample.  J Affect Disord. 2013; 151(3):942-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2013.08.011]


15. Welburn K, Coristine M, Dagg P, Pontefract A, and Jordan S. The schema questionnaire- short orm: factor analysis and relationship between schemas and symptoms. Cognitive therapy and research.2002; 26: 519-530.  [DOI:10.1023/A:1016231902020]


16. Saggino A, Balsamo M, Carlucci L, Cavalletti V, Sergi MR, da Fermo G, Dèttore D, Marsigli N, Petruccelli I, Pizzo S, Tommasi M. Psychometric Properties of the Italian Version of the Young Schema Questionnaire L-3: Preliminary Results. Front Psychol. 2018 ; 27(9):312. [DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00312]