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Open Access Article
1 - Evaluation and compilation of the energy consumption attributes in the office buildings
Mehrdad Mahmoudian Sajad SadiMost of the energy consumed in the building is consumed during the operation of the building. If you save on this part of the building energy, you can have a great impact on energy consumption. One way to control energy consumption in buildings is to use building energy MoreMost of the energy consumed in the building is consumed during the operation of the building. If you save on this part of the building energy, you can have a great impact on energy consumption. One way to control energy consumption in buildings is to use building energy labels. In order to provide an energy label, it must be possible to identify the factors affecting the energy consumption of the building. Introducing and studying energy-related indicators is one of the appropriate methods for managing energy consumption. With the help of these indicators, energy consumption can be managed and optimized. In this paper, by examining the main sectors of energy consumption in the buildings using the hierarchical analysis method (in order to label and optimize the energy consumption of office buildings), effective Attributes have been identified and introduced. The systematic search focuses on a variety of sources, including documents, databases, conferences, and various journals. First, search terms are selected. After the findings of library studies, field studies are conducted. This data can be described as experimental or new data. In the present study, two questionnaires were used to conduct field studies and obtain the required information. Improving energy consumption and reducing environmental pollution are key to sustainable energy. As the major consumer of energy, the building sector accounts for more than 40% of total energy consumption. One of the most important consumers of energy are office buildings, which include applications such as air conditioning, heating, cooling, hot water and various equipment. In this research, office buildings have been divided into different sections with the help of previous studies, and then in each section, the relevant Attributes have been extracted from the literature review. A total of 62 indices were extracted in 12 different sections. . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Investigating the impact of the smart skin according to the location of the user on the amount of energy consumption in cold climate office use (case example of Tabriz city)
zohre salavati majid shahbazi Zohreh TarabiThe shell of the building is one of the most key components of the building. Windows, which are part of the building shell, can play a significant role in reducing energy consumption and increasing the efficiency of natural lighting, which increases the health of the en MoreThe shell of the building is one of the most key components of the building. Windows, which are part of the building shell, can play a significant role in reducing energy consumption and increasing the efficiency of natural lighting, which increases the health of the environment and users. But this does not mean that natural lighting will always reduce energy consumption, but it depends on many parameters. Today, the use of smart and moving facades to improve the light received by residents is known as an effective solution. In this research, the effect of smart facades on the amount of energy consumption in an office room in a cold climate has been investigated. In this research, the goal of the researchers is not to design a shell, but to provide a parametric method to reduce energy consumption. Therefore, the effectiveness or not of this method compared to its traditional mode, i.e. using curtains, has been evaluated. For this purpose, 5 different modes without curtain, closed curtain and three smart shell modes which are arranged in different types have been done. The results show that in the proposed modes of the smart shell, the energy consumption on the south and east fronts has improved by 40% and 65%, respectively, compared to the mode with curtains. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - An Analysis of the Energy Consumption Status in the Framework of Future Study Case Study: Tabriz City
Abolfazl Ghanbari Musa Vaezi Zahra AmjadiBackground: The increasing importance of energy resources in the formation and growth of economic processes, as well as the need to exploit these resources, based on environmental considerations and sustainable economic and social development, highlights the issue of id MoreBackground: The increasing importance of energy resources in the formation and growth of economic processes, as well as the need to exploit these resources, based on environmental considerations and sustainable economic and social development, highlights the issue of identifying and Future Study of the factors affecting energy consumption. Objective: The present research studies the status of energy consumption in Tabriz city in the framework of Foresight. Methods: This research is applied and descriptive-analytic. The Delphi method and the group of experts have been used to identify the factors affecting energy consumption. After analyzing the factors, 40 factors were identified and selected as influential factors. Using MICMAC software, the interactive effects analysis method has been identified. Finally, out of 40 factors, 16 main factors were selected as effective key proponents. Findings: Based on the data included in the questionnaire and the Wizard scenario software analysis, there are five strong scenarios, of which two scenarios are desirable conditions, a scenario of critical conditions, and two other scenarios of intermediate conditions. 13 scenarios with high adaptability and 292 poor scenarios. Initial studies of 13 scenarios show that the relative relativity of undesirable numbers is favorable on desired conditions. Apart from a few limited scenarios that have the characteristics that are desirable and progressing, the rest of the scenarios do not have a good future. Conclusion: The main result of this research is that the future energy consumption situation in Tabriz will continue to be a continuation of the current situation with an unfavorable and unfavorable situation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - DTMP: Energy Consumption Reduction in Body Area Networks Using a Dynamic Traffic Management Protocol
Mona Alimardani Amir Masoud Rahmani Houman Zarrabi -
Open Access Article
5 - Assessing energy performance of simulation-powered internal sun shading devices for residential buildings in Tehran
Alireza Karimpour darab diba Iraj EtesamSustainable development as a process for meeting human development goals while sustaining the ability of natural systems to continue to provide the natural resources has an undeniable impact on all aspects of human life. Energy efficiency is an essential factor for sust MoreSustainable development as a process for meeting human development goals while sustaining the ability of natural systems to continue to provide the natural resources has an undeniable impact on all aspects of human life. Energy efficiency is an essential factor for sustainable development and in spite of worldwide climate change problems caused by fossil fuel use, energy consumption levels in Iran, while already high, continues to rise each year. About 40% of energy consumed by the residential buildings in this country is fossil fuel-derived. Therefore providing solutions to reduce energy consumption in this sector is very important. Tehran is largest city of Iran, and significant amounts of energy are consumed in these city. However, due to its location in semi-arid climatic region, high sun’s radiation even in winter and low relative humidity of the air, this city has a high potential for energy conservation in residential buildings. Therefore the introduction of energy efficient buildings in this city would have a significant overall impact on national energy consumption levels. Sun shading devices are one of the most efficient elements to manage the interaction between the interiors and exteriors of buildings. They can significantly reduce cooling loads, improve thermal comfort, prevent the heat loss in the winter and reduce potential glare problems in residential buildings. Sun shading devices can be categorized according to their placement as interior, exterior and mid-pane. Result of research and studies shows that the effectiveness increase 35% by using outside shade protection instead of inside one. This research is aware of this fact that optimized internal sun shading devices are not comparable with the external sun shading devices in efficiency and performance. Although due to the increased utilization of them in the residential buildings, this research studied the internal sun shading devices and determined the optimized internal sun shading system, and then analyzed its effect on the energy consumption in the residential building model. In this study at the first phase, the combination of four types of internal sun shading devices with three types of windows are evaluated by the Parasol simulation software to determine the optimized internal sun shading system. Simulations show that the double glazed transparent window with dense reflective Roller Blind (as optimized sun shading system), has most appropriate thermal behavior. At the next step, a building model as a case study (The six-story apartment in the city of Tehran) was considered for simulations of energy consumption. The Building Calc. software was applied for energy simulations and heating, cooling and total energy consumption of building was calculated with and without optimized internal sun shading system. The result shows that efficiency of internal sun shading devices increase by using dense texture, high reflectance and low transfer rate. Also only by using optimized internal sun shading system reduce energy consumption of residential buildings in Tehran up to 14%. Because of the large coordination with Iran’s economic, cultural and social conditions this method could be one of the best solutions to reduce the energy demand in residential buildings. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Estimating Energy Consumption of Educational Spaces Using Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs)
مهسا فلاح نیاSize of classroom’s windows has significant effects on both comfort level of users and electricity consumption for lighting. Moreover, windows are the main source of energy loss in classrooms in both cooling and heating Sectors. Considering the large number of education MoreSize of classroom’s windows has significant effects on both comfort level of users and electricity consumption for lighting. Moreover, windows are the main source of energy loss in classrooms in both cooling and heating Sectors. Considering the large number of educational buildings and long life cycle of such buildings, choosing proper window size is crucial for energy saving in sustainable architectural design. Despite the role that windows have in energy consumption, the literatures are surprisingly limited in providing detailed recommendations for architects in determining the appropriate window size in different climates. Therefore, energy based window design has always been complicated for architects due to the number of involved different components and variables. In order to help the architectural designers, in this paper a new methodology is developed using a well-known artificial intelligence technique. In proposed methodology, a predictive model for energy consumption cost in terms of window to wall ratio (WWR) and the window facing was created using Artificial Neural Network (ANN). The methodology consisted of a limited sets of direct numerical energy simulations for any specific climatic zone to generate the data required for training the ANN. The DOE-2 is suggested in the proposed methodology for direct numerical energy simulations of the daylighting scenarios required for training the ANN. The DOE-2 is a popular and powerful computational model developed with financial support of U.S. department of energy. The trained ANN-based model provides a fast and convenient way of comparing the different daylighting scenarios in designing stage. Indeed, further calculations for direct energy simulations are not necessary and an architect can readily utilize the trained ANN-based model as a powerful tool for forecasting the total energy consumption cost. In order to show the applicability and performance of the proposed approach, 288 daylighting scenarios for a standard classroom in a warm and dry climate, Shiraz-Iran, were simulated to determine the corresponding electric and gas consumption. A square classroom of side 7.4 m is the standard classroom defined by Iranian Organization for Renovating, Developing and Equipping Schools. The DOE-2 is utilized for simulating the defined standard classroom in the study area for estimating the annual gas and electric consumption of the generated scenarios over a 50 years period. The included daylighting scenarios were randomly split into train and test sets. In this study, around 80 percent of data were used for training, and the rest were used to evaluate the performance of the trained ANN. The best training and learning functions for different number of layers and neurons was determined in a trial-error process. Correlation Coefficient (CC), Mean square error (MSE) and Root mean square error (RMSE) are the statistical indices used for training procedure. The best results were obtained with 2 hidden layers and 6 neurons per layer. The 'Levenverg-Marquardt back propagation (trainlm)' and 'perceptron weight and bias learning function (learnp)' were the best training functions found for this research. The results show that the trained ANN can accurately predict the total energy consumption cost (RMSE=0.0811, MSE=0.0066, and CC=0.9672). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Economic Analysis and Assessing Energy Performance of Simulation-Powered Optimal Window Type and Window to Wall Ratio for Residential Buildings in Tehran
Alireza Karimpour Darab Diba Iraj EtessamToday, with the rapid depletion of fossil energy sources and increasing of environmental problems, supervision and management of energy consumption becomes more important. Looking at the breakdown of energy consumption by sectors, the buildings sector is seen as one of MoreToday, with the rapid depletion of fossil energy sources and increasing of environmental problems, supervision and management of energy consumption becomes more important. Looking at the breakdown of energy consumption by sectors, the buildings sector is seen as one of the priority areas. About 40% of energy consumption of the residential buildings in Iran is fossil fuel-derived. In recent years, housing units increased significantly in Tehran as the largest and most populous city of Iran and targeted subsidies policy is implemented and energy costs have gone up. Therefore providing solutions to reduce energy consumption in this sector is very important. Windows are one of the most important components of building thermal coating that affect the energy efficiency and environmental thermal comfort. It is obvious windows play a critical role in saving energy because about 30% of the total energy loss occurs through them. Therefore the evaluation of the optimal window type and window to wall ratio in the first phase of architectural design, plays an important role in the energy efficiency and improving the quality of indoor environment. The main objective of this paper is to present an approach that provides assistance for designers to select optimal ratio of window to wall for residential buildings concerning economic analysis that affect this assessment. In this research, a building model as a case study (the six-story apartment in the city of Tehran) is considered and then its energy consumption optimized via simulation software. Based on the simulations, two optimization parameters, window to wall ratio and type of windows, are evaluated. In this regard, at the first phase, four types of window glazing with same size in four main orientations and a window to wall ratio of 5 to 55% on residential building was simulated to determine the optimized window to wall ratio through evaluating of energy consumption. At the next step, optimized windows in three directions was considered on building model for simulations of energy consumption and then optimized windows in terms of energy efficiency was identified. Finally, for economic analysis of the use of optimal windows, a newly designed building that uses the optimal window is economically compared to a house that is architecturally and structurally similar to existing buildings and has more energy consumption. The energy costs, payback period and internal rate of return of these two buildings are compared to find the economical differences. The results show that energy consumption of residential buildings in Tehran reduced up to 20/3% only by using high performance windows and optimum wall to window ratio. It can be concluded that the influence and sensitivity of window-wall ratio on the total energy consumption are related to the orientation of outside window, and the glazing types of window. The window orientations could be prioritized in the following order: south, east, west, and north. Also according to the current price of fuel in Iran and the 17/8 years payback period that Obtained from economic analysis, the additional initial cost will be offset by the proposed policies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Energy Optimization of Double Glazed Window Parameters in Hot and Arid Climate (Case Study: the Southern Front of an Office Building in Tehran)
Peiman Pilechiha mohsen bayat Maryam Ghasemi NasabApproximately 32% of the world's energy is consumed in buildings. Among the various solutions to reduce this consumption, the selection of appropriate types of windows in the shell of buildings can play a vital role in their energy efficiency. With population growth and MoreApproximately 32% of the world's energy is consumed in buildings. Among the various solutions to reduce this consumption, the selection of appropriate types of windows in the shell of buildings can play a vital role in their energy efficiency. With population growth and industry development, preventing energy waste and saving it has become one of the most important concerns of countries around the world. The city of Tehran is one of the most consumed cities in Iran due to its large size and population. Therefore, it is important to pay more attention to the construction method in this city. Among the building envelopes, the south envelope forms at least half of the main walls of the buildings due to continuous sunlight. Because of the continuous solar radiation to the southern envelope, in this study, the effect of different parameters of the double glazed window, such as the type of glass, as well as the filling gas between the double glazed windows with four different air distances has been investigated. Given that a significant part of energy consumption in office buildings is related to lighting, heating, and cooling space, it is important to choose the right type of window in reducing energy consumption. In this research, the findings and their analysis are deductive, which is presented in the form of a diagram. In the simulation of this research, double glazed windows with clear glass and an air gap of 3 mm filled with air have been selected, which is one of the most common and commonly used windows in Tehran. This window on the southern envelope is assumed to be the best and most common envelope for providing light and placing the window in the climate of Iran and Tehran. Then selected efficient components were applied as project variables in the simulation. The simulation model of this research was drawn in SketchUp software and entered into the Energy Plus engine in Open Studio software. Simulation and study of energy consumption of the research model have been done with Open Studio by Energy Plus Engine. Findings show that the use of reflective glass with xenon gas and an air gap of eight millimeters provides maximum energy savings of 14.99% compared to the reference model for the southern front. The results show that the choice of absorbent and low-emission glass is not a great choice for Tehran even in the best conditions, because compared to the reference model, they increase energy consumption by 0.53% and 3.79%, respectively. Therefore, the best window position in the south direction is related to the double glazed window with reflex glass, which has an air gap filled with xenon gas and has a 15% reduction in energy consumption compared to the reference window. This window has the most optimal energy efficiency and offers the use of this window for the city of Tehran. This study suggests the use of this type of window for the city of Tehran, especially office buildings that have a large amount of energy in the world. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - The Assessment of Role of Orientation, Type of Materials and Facade Construction Details on the Energy Consumption of Residential Buildings in Tehran
amin alah ahadiIn this research, focusing on the East, West and South regions of Tehran, the cooling and heating load in residential buildings in different geographical directions has been compared, and concerning the building façade material and construction details, optimal c MoreIn this research, focusing on the East, West and South regions of Tehran, the cooling and heating load in residential buildings in different geographical directions has been compared, and concerning the building façade material and construction details, optimal choices have been proposed. This study answers these questions, which of the typical façade materials and construction detail in Tehran city have the best performance in reducing the energy consumption of residential buildings, and what is the effect of facade direction on heating and cooling energy consumption of residential buildings. For this purpose, the simulation tool has been utilized using Energy plus software with a design-builder interface for thermal analysis. The results of this study show that the heating load of residential buildings in Tehran is higher than the cooling load in the western and northern units and the cooling load of the building is higher than the heating load in the southern and eastern units. In this regard, the heating load in the west facing units is 8%, and in the north units, it is 15 to 26% more than the cooling load. In south-facing units, the heating load of the building is 11 to 30%, and in east-facing units, the heating load of the building is up to 20% less than the cooling load. Comparison of heating load in southern, northern, eastern and western units shows that the best orientation of the building in Tehran to reduce the heating load of the building are respectively south-facing, east-facing (19 to 22% more than the southern unit), west-facing (20 to 25% more than southern units) and north-facing (30 to 40% more than southern units). The best orientation of the building in Tehran to reduce the cooling load of the building are the units facing south, north (0.5 to 7.5% more than the southern unit), west (6.5 to 7% more than the southern unit) and east (10.5 more than the southern unit) respectively. Regarding total cooling and heating load, the best orientation of the building in Tehran to reduce energy consumption are respectively south and then east facing units (about 16% more than southern units), west (15 to 17% more than southern units) and north (18 to 20% more in different views than southern units). The priorities of selection of facade materials and construction details in southern facades are brick facades with dry connection method, concrete panels with dry connection method and stone facades with dry connection method. In north-facing units, this arrangement includes a brick facade with a dry connection method, concrete panels with a dry connection method and stone facades with a dry connection method. In the west facing units, concrete panels with dry connection method, brick facades with dry connection method, and stone facades with dry connection method are the best. In the east facing units, brick facades with dry connection method, stone facades with dry connection method, ceramic facades with dry connection method and concrete panels with dry connection method have better performance in reducing the energy consumption of the building. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - An intelligent adaptive skin from a biomimetic approach for energy consumption reduction
hossein mahyari Afsaneh Zarkesh Mohammadjavad MahdavinejadAbstractOne of the challenges facing human beings today is the excessive consumption of fossil fuels, which has led to the depletion of non-renewable energy sources and greenhouse gas emissions, as well as global warming and climate change. This challenge has led to the MoreAbstractOne of the challenges facing human beings today is the excessive consumption of fossil fuels, which has led to the depletion of non-renewable energy sources and greenhouse gas emissions, as well as global warming and climate change. This challenge has led to the search for solutions to reduce fossil fuel consumption, such as optimizing and reducing energy consumption and the use of renewable energy. One of the most important areas of energy consumption is man-made in the field of architecture. On the other hand, one of the most important parts of a building that interacts with the outside environment is its outer skin. In this study, the need to pay attention to the outer skin of the building, as one of the most important parts that can manage and control the amount of energy consumption in a building, has been addressed. Its purpose is to achieve appropriate and effective solutions to reduce energy consumption in the building by the adaptive skin. One of the sources of modeling is the study of the process of reaction of living organisms to their external conditions. In this research, general solutions to reduce building consumption in the field of outer skin as well as the convergence of challenges of a building skin and mechanisms in nature for survival are discussed. It can be said that one of the most similar living organisms to adapt behavior to the facade and skin of a building are plants. Because while they do not have much mobility, they have to manage their challenges such as receiving sunlight. By modeling plants, the challenges of using and protecting sunlight in the building can be managed. The method of collecting information and data from libraries and Internet sites and the research method is descriptive-analytical and simulation using simulation software and measuring its efficiency in controlling the entry of sunlight into the inside by climate analysis and light analysis software. By modeling the behavior of a special type of plant called Oxalis oregano and abstracting from it, a concept has been reached whose structural principles have been simulated by GrassHopper plugin in Rhino software 6. This module can be generalized on the facade and can control the amount of sunlight entering the building mass by opening and closing it. Transparent photovoltaic cells (TPV) are used in the body of the module, which in addition to providing energy for opening and closing the modules, does not impede visual vision. Examining the effect of the outer skin on the simulated space, it was found that these skins reduce the total heat load by 28%, reduce cooling load by 56% and the probability of glare from daylight by 23%. By modeling plants due to their static nature and adaptability to their surroundings, a mechanism in the building such as responsive skin can be achieved that control the impact of environmental variables such as sunlight into the building and thus provide visual comfort to residents in the glare of daylight reduced the use of building cooling energy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Estimating Energy Consumption of Educational Spaces Using Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs)
Mahsa FallahniaSize of classroom’s windows has significant effects on both comfort level of users and electricity consumption forlighting. Moreover, windows are the main source of energy loss in classrooms in both cooling and heating sectors.Considering the large number of educa MoreSize of classroom’s windows has significant effects on both comfort level of users and electricity consumption forlighting. Moreover, windows are the main source of energy loss in classrooms in both cooling and heating sectors.Considering the large number of educationalbuildings and long life cycle of such them, choosing proper window size is crucial for energy saving in sustainablearchitectural design. Despite the role that windows have in energy consumption, the literatures are surprisinglylimited in providing detailed recommendations for architects in determining the appropriate window size in differentclimates. Therefore, energy based window design has always been complicated for architects due to the numberof involved different components and variables. In order to help the architectural designers, in this paper a newmethodology is developed using a well-known artificial intelligence technique. In the proposed methodology, apredictive model for energy consumption cost in terms of window to wall ratio (WWR) and the window facing wascreated using Artificial Neural Network (ANN). The methodology consisted of a limited sets of direct numericalenergy simulations for any specific climatic zone to generate the data required for training the ANN. The DOE-2issuggested in the proposed methodology for direct numerical energy simulations of the daylighting scenarios requiredfor training the ANN. The DOE-2 is a popular and powerful computational model developed with financial supportof U.S. department of energy. The trained ANN-based model provides a fast and convenient way of comparing thedifferent daylighting scenarios in designing stage. Indeed, further calculations for direct energy simulations are notnecessary and an architect can readily utilize the trained ANN-based model as a powerful tool for forecasting thetotal energy consumption cost. In order to show the applicability and performance of the proposed approach, 288daylighting scenarios for a standard classroom in a warm and dry climate, Shiraz-Iran, were simulated to determinethe corresponding electric and gas consumption. A square classroom of side 7.4 m is the standard classroom definedby Iranian Organization for Renovating, Developing and Equipping Schools. The DOE-2 is utilized for simulating thedefined standard classroom in the study area for estimating the annual gas and electric consumption of the generatedscenarios over a 50 years period. Included daylighting scenarios were randomly split into train and test sets. In thisstudy, around 80 percent of data were used for training, and the rest were used to evaluate the performance of thetrained ANN. The best training and learning functions for different number of layers and neurons was determined ina trial-error process. Correlation Coefficient (CC), Mean square error (MSE) and Root mean square error (RMSE)are the statistical indices used for training procedure. The best results were obtained with 2 hidden layers and 6neurons per layer. The 'Levenverg-Marquardt back propagation (trainlm)' and 'perceptron weight and bias learningfunction (learnp)' were the best training functions found for this research. The results show that the trained ANN canaccurately predict the total energy consumption cost (RMSE=0.0811, MSE=0.0066, and CC=0.9672). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - Determination of Limit of Thermal Comfort in Arid Climate (Case Study: Yazd City)
Mohammad Hassan Sadeghi Ravesh Seyed Mehdi Tabatabaei In sustainable development process, native evaluation of limit of thermal comfort with the goal of energy conservation is necessary in different climates. Because with determination of these limits, energy loss is declined considerab More In sustainable development process, native evaluation of limit of thermal comfort with the goal of energy conservation is necessary in different climates. Because with determination of these limits, energy loss is declined considerably and causes to decline of unsuitable energy consuming. With respect to, more than 60 percent of Iran area is located in arid and ultra arid climate and therefore recognition of limit of thermal comfort in this climate has multiplied importance. For calculation of limit of thermal comfort, Yazd city was considered with arid and cold climate as the case study in this research. The limits of thermal comfort were reformed on the basis of the latitude of the study area. Then the limits of thermal comfort were calculated for warm and cold terms of the year according to the climatic data and field observation and on the basis of corrected diagram of Olgyay. The obtained results show that thermal limit was assessed for summer condition 21.8 º - 27 º and for winter condition 20.4 º - 23 º and also optimum limit of relative humidity was assessed 18% -53%. The proposed thermal and humidity limits, maintains proper internal conditions, reduces energy unsuitable consumption during of years Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - Analysis of the Effects of Social and Economic Factors on Energy Consumption, with Emphasis on Family Travel Patterns (Case Study: Malek-Shahr and Amir-Arab Neighborhoods in Isfahan)
Homayoon Nooraie Laleh Kikavous Nejad -
Open Access Article
14 - Performance of Building Energy Efficiency by Orientation with Regression: a Case of Semi Desert in Iran
Zahra Barzegar Shahin Heidari Morteza Asade Khalaji -
Open Access Article
15 - Energy Consumption Modeling in Residential Buildings
Mahnaz Zarei Hassan Khademi-Zare -
Open Access Article
16 - Evaluating Built Area and Occupant Number Impact on Winter Gas Consumption A Case in Shiraz Urban Residence Sector
Zahra Barzegar Nooshin Karimi Mohammad Ali Nemati -
Open Access Article
17 - Applications of the life cycle assessment method with the aim of energy conservation in the construction industry
Kiana Rasekh Mamak Salavatian Marzie KazemzadeNowadays, there has been an increasing interest in the study of life cycle assessment in all industries namely the construction industry in developed countries with the increasing awareness of the environmental effects of buildings and the emergence of powerful tools fo MoreNowadays, there has been an increasing interest in the study of life cycle assessment in all industries namely the construction industry in developed countries with the increasing awareness of the environmental effects of buildings and the emergence of powerful tools for their evaluation. Despite various articles have been published in different countries in this field, none of them has focused on the challenges of using life cycle assessment, related studies, and potential solutions to address the challenges. The purpose of this article is to present a systematic report of a comprehensive review of applied studies in the life cycle assessment method in the construction industry to provide a potential solution for future targeted research in this field. The research method of this paper included a brief review of the subject literature to provide an overview of the life cycle assessment method and systematic selection and study of review articles/books to examine the benefits and challenges of life cycle assessment research. By examining the valid research articles from 2000 to 2023 in the collection of ISI articles and Persian scientific research articles, a total of 72 related articles were studied. First, statistical reports on the geographical and thematic distribution according to the variety of factors affecting the life cycle assessment in construction were presented, and then the objectives of the study, fields of action, databases, tools and environmental effects of the published authoritative articles were examined and the strengths and weaknesses of the recent researches were revealed. The findings showed that the use of integrated databases and also the computational principles and coordinated calculator software along with the unification of functional units lad to the alignment of research within the framework of unit standards, as well as the possibility of comparing and expanding the conclusions and as a result, they provide a more comprehensive picture of the environmental effects of construction products and systems for professionals. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - Sociological Study of the Relationship between Types of Capital and Pattern of Electricity Consumption with Emphasis on Social Development(Case Study: Urban Residents of Mazandaran Province)
Ali Akbar Safari Ali Rahmani Firoozjah Majedeh GholipoorThe purpose of this paper is to examine the sociological relationship between the types of capital and the pattern of electricity consumption with an emphasis on social development.Method: The research method is survey research . Statistical sample consists of 450 urban MoreThe purpose of this paper is to examine the sociological relationship between the types of capital and the pattern of electricity consumption with an emphasis on social development.Method: The research method is survey research . Statistical sample consists of 450 urban and home Subscribers of Mazandaran province who were selected by systematic cluster sampling.Findings: There is a significant relationship between individuals' cultural capital and consumption pattern, and there is a significant relationship between two indicators of social capital (social trust and social interaction) and consumption pattern. There is no meaningful relation between Social participation and consumption pattern , but there was a significant relationship between economic capital and consumption pattern.Conclusion: The amount of awareness about energy consumption has increased in urban households of Mazandaran province, but unfortunately, this awareness has not had much effect on the pattern of electricity consumption. In the last few years, according to lifestyle chang , the shape of energy consumption in families has changed. The amount and level of energy consumption, according to the paid bill, indicated high energy consumption. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - The effect of urbanism on energy consumption in selected countries
Parvaneh Salatin Samaneh MohammadiIntroduction and objective: Today, energy and its applications have a special place in human’s life. Energy is the prerequisite of social and economic growth and meets the need for drinking water, food and shelter. In recent decades the energy demand has risen as MoreIntroduction and objective: Today, energy and its applications have a special place in human’s life. Energy is the prerequisite of social and economic growth and meets the need for drinking water, food and shelter. In recent decades the energy demand has risen as an important strategic input for production and services and as a significant commodity for users in itself. So, the main objective of the present paper is investigation of the theoretical relationship and the effectiveness of urbanism on energy consumption in selected oil-exporting countries. Method: This is an applied, comparative and causative research in terms of methodology and an inferential one in terms of writing method. Findings: The results from fixed effects methodology and Generalized Method of Moments in selected countries during 2000-2012 show that urbanism has a positive and significant effect on energy consumption in selected countries. Conclusion: The main reasons behind higher energy consumption in urbanism have been consumption pattern changes, higher commodity and services demand, and therefore, higher production and transportation, needing more energy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - Optimization of Hot Air Roasting of Peanut Kernels Using Response Surface Methodology
H. Bagheri M. Kashainejad M. Aalami A. M. ZiaiifarIntroduction: Roasting is a high temperature short time (HTST) heat treatment process and enhances the flavor of product and improves the textural and organoleptic properties of the nuts. Materials and Methods: In this study, a hot-air roasting process for the productio MoreIntroduction: Roasting is a high temperature short time (HTST) heat treatment process and enhances the flavor of product and improves the textural and organoleptic properties of the nuts. Materials and Methods: In this study, a hot-air roasting process for the production of peanut snack was optimized by response surface methodology (RSM) over a range of air temperatures (140–180°C) for various times (10-30 min). The color parameters including lightness (L*), redness (a*), yellowness (b*) and total color differences (ΔE), textural characteristics (hardness and compressive energy), sensory properties, moisture content of the peanuts and energy consumption were used as response parameters to develop predictive models and optimize the roasting process.Results: The results showed that by increasing the by temperature and time of roasting, the L*, b*, moisture content, hardness and compressive energy were decreased and ΔE* and energy consumption were increased. The result of RSM analysis showed that quality parameters could be used to control the roasting of peanut kernels in a hot-air roaster. In order to obtain the desired quality parameter, the optimum roasting for production of peanut snack was determined at 162°C for 29 min. Conclusion: This study revealed that RSM could be used to develop adequate prediction models for describing color and texture changes in peanut kernels during hot-air roasting. The changes in the quality parameters were adequately described by quadratic model. Successful optimization for the peanut kernels roasting process can also be made using desirability functions in RSM. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - Investigation of Black Mulberry Drying Kinetics and Energy Consumption under Microwave Oven
M. Zojaji A. F. Mazaheri S. Namayande M. AbolhasaniIntroduction: Black mulberry is a soft fruit that is quite sensitive to the mechanical damage during the harvesting and therefore susceptible to the microbial contamination and cannot be properly stored due to the short harvest season and low shelf life. Drying methods MoreIntroduction: Black mulberry is a soft fruit that is quite sensitive to the mechanical damage during the harvesting and therefore susceptible to the microbial contamination and cannot be properly stored due to the short harvest season and low shelf life. Drying methods are used to increase it’s shelf life. Drying is the oldest method of food preservation. Drying preserves foods by removing enough moisture from the food and reduces the microbiological activities and minimizes the physical and chemical changes during storage. In this research, drying kinetics, moisture diffusivity, appropriate mathematical modeling and activation energy of black mulberry were studied under microwave oven. Materials and Methods: Dring of black mulberry using microwave oven was performed at four power levels (200, 300, 400 and 500 W) and the results were compared. Samples weighing was performed every 30 seconds by a digital scale (GF600-Japan). For mathematical modeling, nine empirical models were fitted on the experimental data and then according to the most value of R2, the lowest value of c2and RMSE, the best mathematical model was selected with the highest accuracy. Results: The result of regression analysis showed that Midilli model has the best fitting with the data. Moreover, the highest value of moisture diffusivity was obtained at 3.28×10-5 m2/s at the power of 500 W and the lowest value of moisture diffusivity was obtained at 9.58×10-6 m2/s at the power of 200 W. Conclusion: The results of this study indicated that microwave drying method might be suitable for the reduction of moisture content in fruits such blackberry. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - The Relationship between Renewable Energy Consumption and Economic Growth in Iran
MohammadSharif Karimi Kiomars Sohaili Shima BarzegariBackground and Objective: Iran is one of the examples of growth patterns relying on natural resources, especially fossil fuels. Considering the end of the oil and gas resources of the country, from now on, there should be alternative sources of thought. One way of doing MoreBackground and Objective: Iran is one of the examples of growth patterns relying on natural resources, especially fossil fuels. Considering the end of the oil and gas resources of the country, from now on, there should be alternative sources of thought. One way of doing this is to using renewable energies instead of fossil fuels. From the point of view of energy economy, it is logical to create diversification in energy sources and utilize a basket of different fuels. Also, production-related pollution is expected to decrease as well by increasing the use of renewable energy. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between renewable energy consumption and economic growth in Iran using ARDL bounds and VECM. Method: In this study, using the Eviews 9 software and the ARDL Bounds econometric method and the VECM model, a case study of Iran in the years 1981 to 2014 has been conducted. Findings: The results show that there is no causal relationship between renewable energy consumption and economic growth in the long run, and there is only one-way relationship between labor force and economic growth. But in the short run, there is a one-way relationship between economic growth and renewable energy use, as well as a one-way relationship between labor force and economic growth, renewable energy consumption and capital. Investigating the short-run dynamics of the pattern using instantaneous response functions showed that the shock eventually vanishes and often affects the response variable positively. Therefore, in the long run, shocks from independent variables, such as renewable energy consumption per capita, will be balanced against economic growth. Discussion and Conclusion: Considering the positive and statistically significant effects of renewable energy, capital and labor force variables on economic growth in Iran, it is suggested that by saving energy consumption, improving production technologies, reducing costs, the use of new energies, the promotion of appropriate and efficient policies and the creation of supportive laws will increase the use of renewable energy, which has a major role in the economy and the environment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - Performance Analysis of the Form and Height of Central Skylight of Commercial Buildings in Cold and Dry Climate of Mashhad City
Samaneh Zeinolabedinzadeh Hossein medi Mustafa MafiBackground and Objective: In recent decades, atriums have been installed in public buildings to optimize energy consumption and provide thermal comfort, and therefore have always been of interest to mechanical engineers, architects and designers. Atrium also created dif MoreBackground and Objective: In recent decades, atriums have been installed in public buildings to optimize energy consumption and provide thermal comfort, and therefore have always been of interest to mechanical engineers, architects and designers. Atrium also created different microclimates with different thermal layers in its lower space, which affected the cooling load and thermal comfort inside the building.Therefore,the purpose of this research, is to find the most suitable form and height of atrium for reducing energy consumption and heat stratification in commercial buildings of Mashhad city with cold and dry climate.Method: This research has used fluent software and Mathematical equations. Initially, Almase Shargh commercial building in Mashhad with central atrium in a spherical form of 5 m height was selected and after field measurements and data recording by dataloggers, the common atrium forms (spherical, prismatic, parabolic and flat at 3 m, 5 m, 7 m and 10 m) were replaced and in order to measure the heat stratification, the Mathematical formulas was used.Findings: According to field observations and data measurements, the fifth floor and attic of the indoor skylight due to the influence of sunlight and lack of air conditioning, are critical areas of heat stratification and are out of range of thermal comfort throughout the year. Therefore, the amount of energy consumption during the year to provide thermal comfort in these floors is high, which can be reduced by reducing the levels of light-absorbing interior walls and using materials with high thermal capacity.Discussion and Conclusion: The results show that the flat form with a height of 3 meters, due to the reduction of light levels in the interior wall and the temperature difference between the floors is the most appropriate form of atrium for reducing energy consumption and cooling load up to 7% and reducing heat stratification in commercial complex in cold and dry climate of Mashhad city. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - Effect of Vernacular Materials and Traditional Construction Methods on Energy Consumption Reduction of Rural Houses in Plain Regions of Gilan
Sara Zohari Mansooreh Tahbaz Iraj EtessamBackground and Objective: Gilan province has a rich and precious vernacular architecture, which takes place in perfect harmony with nature and local climate. The aim of this study is recognition of solutions of vernacular architecture and applying them in new architectu MoreBackground and Objective: Gilan province has a rich and precious vernacular architecture, which takes place in perfect harmony with nature and local climate. The aim of this study is recognition of solutions of vernacular architecture and applying them in new architecture to reduce energy consumption and thus reduce the adverse effects of built environment on the natural habitat.Method: In orderto study the amount of energy consumption in vernacular rural houses of plain areas of Gilan using local and new material and methods, three types of vernacular houses in plain areas of Gilan(East, West and Central) are chosen, and their energy consumption using traditional and new materials are analyzed with simulation method.Findings: Based on simulation results, the amount of energy consumption during a year in Rafiee, Amini and Mohtashamtalab house with local materials is 1176/842, 185/03, 164/02 kw/h less than the amount of energy consumption with new materials.Discussion and Conclusion: Simulation results show that the amount of energy consumption in rural houses with local materials is significantly less than energy consumption using new materials. It shows that performance of Shakili foundation, Zegaly wall and Klushy roof in terms of the amount of heat exchange with the environment is more favorable than new materials and techniques. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - Investigating the Impact of Thermal comfort Indices on Energy Consumption in Residential Buildings in Ilam
Behrouz Salehi Abdolhamid Ghanbaran Behnaz Shafieie Shahla Nouri Sima FerdosianBackground and objective: About 44% of energy consumption is in the building sector and attention to thermal comfort indices and passive solutions can reduce energy consumption in different areas. The aim of this study is to investigate the thermal comfort situation in MoreBackground and objective: About 44% of energy consumption is in the building sector and attention to thermal comfort indices and passive solutions can reduce energy consumption in different areas. The aim of this study is to investigate the thermal comfort situation in Ilam city and providing construction solutions appropriate to the climate of this city.Material and Methodology: In this study, a descriptive and simulation method was used. In order to achieve the architecture-compatible architecture of the climate in the city of Ilam, a 28-year statistical analysis (1988-2016) of the city's synoptic station, the criteria presented in four thermal comfort indicators have been used. The Design Builder simulator was used to determine the quantitative effect of the solutions presented in Mahani and Gioni indices solutions by thermal comfort indicators.Based on Mahani and Gioni indices.Findings: By using of the solutions presented in the Mahani and Gioni Indicator's, the building can be in the comfort zone for eight months from the year of the day and five months from the year without any energy consumption. In addition, building orientation, the relative percentage of openings and the use of heavy materials in walls and ceilings have the greatest impact on reducing the energy consumption of buildings.Discussion and Conclusion: Energy savings plans that are possible in the early stages of design (building orientation, openings) will result in a 20% reduction in energy consumption, according to the Mahani and Gioni indicators. In addition, replacing heavy materials instead of materials in common building walls can reduce energy consumption by 39%. In general, utilizing the principles of climate design can reduce the amount of energy consumption by 52%.Considering to the criteria given in the Mahani and Gioni indicators for building orientation and openings can reduce the energy consumption of the building by 20%. Reduce Also, replacing heavy materials with conventional building materials can reduce energy consumption by 39 percent. Overall, using climate design principles can reduce energy consumption by 52%. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - Investigating the effect of economic factors on environmental degradation using the 3SLS panel approach (Selection of Developing and Developed Countries)
shima parsa mohammadreza zare mehrjerdi maryam ziaabadi hossein mehrabi boshrabadiBackground and Objective: Following the increase in environmental pollution caused by economic growth, environmental challenges have become one of the most important concerns of policy makers. Because environmental pollution leads to adverse environmental effects such a MoreBackground and Objective: Following the increase in environmental pollution caused by economic growth, environmental challenges have become one of the most important concerns of policy makers. Because environmental pollution leads to adverse environmental effects such as climate change and global warming, and ultimately threatens human life and ecosystem destruction. Therefore, studying the impact of factors affecting environmental degradation is of particular importance. Material and Methodology: This study intends to analyze the impact of economic factors affecting environmental degradation during the period 1995-1995, using time series data from 26 selected developing countries and 17 selected developed countries. Therefore, in order to investigate the existence of the Kuznets environmental curve in the studied countries, the coefficients of the variables in the three equations of ecological footprint, energy consumption and economic growth have been estimated by the system of equations simultaneously with panel data (panel 3sls). Because in this method, due to the simultaneous estimation of the equations, the estimated coefficients have a higher accuracy. Finding: The results of estimating the coefficients of the model using the three-stage least squares technique with panel data indicate that the existence of the Kuznets environmental hypothesis in developed countries cannot be confirmed because the coefficients of GDP and squares are negative and positive, respectively. But, in developing countries, the coefficients of GDP and squared variables have been positive and negative, respectively, which confirms the existence of the Kuznets environmental hypothesis in these countries. Discussion and Conclusion: According to the results, the variable of energy consumption in both developed and developing countries has a positive and significant effect on environmental degradation, while the variable of trade openness in developing and developed countries has a negative and significant effect on pollution and ecological footprint. Therefore, it is suggested that due to the high importance of the environment, along with planning and policy-making for higher economic growth, the enactment of environmental laws and the use of environmentally friendly technologies should be considered. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - Reducing Building Energy Consumption by Roof Envelope Optimization (Case Study: Three Floor Residential Building, Shiraz, Iran)
khosro movahed parinaz keshtkaran zahra Barzegar marvastiBackground and Objective: Among the components of the building envelope, the roof section is the most important medium of energy loss, because, compared to vertical walls, a larger area of the rooftop is exposed to sunlight and atmospheric condition for a longer period, MoreBackground and Objective: Among the components of the building envelope, the roof section is the most important medium of energy loss, because, compared to vertical walls, a larger area of the rooftop is exposed to sunlight and atmospheric condition for a longer period, which results in greater heat exchange through this section. The goal of this research is to reduce the energy consumption of residential buildings in the city of Shiraz (Fars, Iran) through the optimization of their roof sections by answering the bellow question: “What is the most optimal arrangement of materials and passive roof design technique for reducing energy consumption in this climate and how much will it reduce energy consumption?” Material and Methodology: The purpose of the research, which is to identify the best combination of roof specifications and passive design methods for minimizing energy consumption in the buildings of the area of interest, achieved with help of the EnergyPlus simulation and a genetic algorithm developed in MATLAB. Findings: The roof variables defined in three categories of the passive energy system, physical roof specifications, and positioning and the optimization carried out using the genetic algorithm and the EnergyPlus software. Discussion and Conclusion: The outputs obtained from the simulation software and the objective function of the genetic algorithm showed that the roof optimization materials’ arrangement could reduce the energy consumption of the building by 9.6%. and passive design techniques includes: green roof, insulation, double roof, reduce energy consumption by 9.1% , 13.4%, 12,6% respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - Determining the Optimal Inclination Angle for Atrium Daylighting in Tehran Based on Sun Angles and Climatic Features
Alireza Bagheri mohammadali khanmohammadi Haniyeh SanaieianBackground and Objective: Daylight has a positive effect on people's health, employee productivity and property value. However, with the growth of high-rise buildings in populated cities, access to natural light for the lower floors are challenging. Atrium is one of the MoreBackground and Objective: Daylight has a positive effect on people's health, employee productivity and property value. However, with the growth of high-rise buildings in populated cities, access to natural light for the lower floors are challenging. Atrium is one of the strategies for bringing daylight to these floors. Atrium’s daylight performance can be evaluated before construction thanks to computer simulations. Until now, daylight simulation has been limited to one cloudy sky condition. With the help of new methods of computer simulation of daylight, it is possible to study the effects of sun angles and sky conditions throughout the entire hours of a year. This development has made it possible to apply the direct sunlight component to the simulation and study its impacts of architectural features that are related to it. This study focuses on the effect of the angle of inclination of the inner walls of the atrium on the daylight performance of adjacent rooms.Material and Methodology: Different angles of the atrium in the north and south direction have been studied by the method of "Climate-based daylight modeling" for the city of Tehran. (sDA), (ASE) and (UDI) are daylight metrics which have been used in computer simulations.Findings: The inclination of the inner walls of the atrium at an angle of 20 degrees to the south improves all three criteria mentioned in the lower floors of it. However, the inclination of the atrium walls to the north, not only reduces the daylight in the lower parts, but also increases the glare in the upper floors.Discussion and Conclusion: Although the effect of inclination angle on daylight performance of atrium is not as prominent as other factors, the designer can maximize this effect in the early stages of design, with the correct arrangement and prioritization of spaces to benefit from daylight. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
29 - Technical and environmental evaluation of 24-hour heating and cooling storage system for1 year in non-residential buildings using underground pipes
Isa Khaknezhad ashkan abdalisousanBackground and Objective: Considering the demands on constructing high energy performance buildings, technical solution is needed to be used for decreasing and improving the energy consumption. One of this solutions is underground energy storage that is considered based MoreBackground and Objective: Considering the demands on constructing high energy performance buildings, technical solution is needed to be used for decreasing and improving the energy consumption. One of this solutions is underground energy storage that is considered based on short-term or long-term usage. Method: In this study, a hospital in Tehran city, as a high energy performance building, was investigated. Fluid and heat transfer calculation for heat and cold storage in the building was simulated using MATLAB software for underground pipes. Also heating and cooling loads of the building was calculated by HAP4.5 software and the results were imported to MATLAB software. Then the volume and quality of the 24-hour and seasonal systems and reduction of carbon dioxide emissions were compared. Findings: Heating storage system does not reduce the heating and cooling demand of the building, but application of an underground storage can decrease the amount of bought energy and the subsequent environmental damage. Discussion and Conclusion: The results showed that application of a 24-hour storage system with 15 lines of steel pipes with the length of 600 m and nominal diameter of 3 inches placed in a ground depth of 3 m, yields 67% heating load and 34% cooling load and reduce CO2 emissions by 127 tons per year. However, application of a 1-year storage system with 45 lines of steel pipes with the same specification placed in a ground depth of 5 m, yields 98% heating load and 39.5% cooling load and reduces CO2 emissions by 169.2 tons per year. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
30 - Heat loss reduction using ceramic micro-particles in paint of the inner walls of a room with radiation cooling panel
Ghanbar Ali Sheikhzadeh Ali Akbar Azemati Armin SaraeiIntroduction and Aim Limited resources and the need for energy conservation have made the use of energy loss preventive thermal insulations, like the paints containing micro mineral particles, an economic option in different industries and buildings. The aim of the curr MoreIntroduction and Aim Limited resources and the need for energy conservation have made the use of energy loss preventive thermal insulations, like the paints containing micro mineral particles, an economic option in different industries and buildings. The aim of the current study is to investigate the effect of modern insulation, such as paints with ceramic micro-particle in internal walls of a room with radiative cooling panels, on energy consumption. Method In the present study, to investigate the flow field and temperature distribution in a room with a wall of radiation cooling, a three-dimensional cavity has been simulated with different boundary conditions. The effect of coating with a paint containing ceramic micro-particles, ordinary acrylic paints and no paint in different states of changing the boundary conditions, such as changes in wall temperature and absorption coefficient on a room with wall cooling radiation has been studied and the results were compared. Findings Using the computer code, the interior surface temperature is obtained for different boundary conditions and used as a boundary condition for simulation. In case of using wall radiative cooling panels, room temperature is in the comfort zone in all cases, and the lowest temperature occurs when using paints with ceramic micro-particles in the interior surfaces of the room. Discussion It was observed that the coating containing ceramic micro-particles acted as a thermal insulation and reduced energy consumption by about 22% . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
31 - The Effects of Inner and Outer layers of Double Glazed Facade on the Rate of Energy Consumption in Official and Educational Buildings (Case study: Iran University of Science and Technology)
Fatemeh MehdizadehSeraj Mohammad Mehdi Danesh Haniyeh SanaeiyanIntroduction: The presence of computers and working equipments in official and educational buildings caused the increasing of internal temperature and using glass façade vastly has caused more negative effects of this problem. The question is how to reach to the MoreIntroduction: The presence of computers and working equipments in official and educational buildings caused the increasing of internal temperature and using glass façade vastly has caused more negative effects of this problem. The question is how to reach to the comfort degree of internal temperature without using excessive energy at the same time of benefitting the visual beauty of the glass façade. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of the quantity of layers of the internal and external of double skin façade on energy consumption. Methods of study: The method of this research is based on causal modeling and simulation. The used equipment was the software of thermostatic simulator called “Design Builder”. In order to reach to the lowest level of energy consumption, different modes of the layers in the double skin façade were analyzed by using the design builder software. Findings: The results revealed that in double skin facades, changes in the number of inner layer are efficient in reducing energy consumption, while the outer layer of glazing does not play any role. Using the double skin facade in southern side is more effective because of the sun radiation on this side. Results: Due to the heating and cooling degree days in Tehran which is equal to 1610 and 1435°C respectively, in the summer, habitability and comfort level of residents were demanded mostly. So in the summer, change in the number of inner layers is more effective than the outer layer. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
32 - Investigating the Relationship between Energy Consumption, Financial Development and Trade Openness in the Middle East Countries
hadi rahmani fazliEconomic development is one of the major macroeconomic goals of every country. Today, the importance of economic development and its prominent role in building an idealised society is recognised for the nations, and this goal can be achieved with the help of strategic d MoreEconomic development is one of the major macroeconomic goals of every country. Today, the importance of economic development and its prominent role in building an idealised society is recognised for the nations, and this goal can be achieved with the help of strategic development. Energy use, financial development, and degree of trade openness are some of the major components influencing the economic development of a country. Therefore, in this research, the relationship between Energy consumption, financial development and openness of trade has been researched in the Middle East for the period 1990-2015 using econometric models. The reason for choosing this region is because the most important energy suppliers of the world has been taken into account. According to the results, there is a long-term causality due to financial development and the degree of commercial openness towards the energy consumption. However, there is no relationship between the degree of trade openness and financial development. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
33 - Analysis of the effect of green building technique on reducing energy consumption (Green roof technique in an educational building in Wasit, Iraq)
ayam shyaa ali Altamemi Afsaneh zarkesh Mansour YeganehBackground and Objective: Iraq has mild winters and hot and dry weather in long summers, that's why cooling has become the most energy-consuming aspect in Iraq, and the amount of energy consumption is increasing. This problem lies in the unwillingness to use the ways of MoreBackground and Objective: Iraq has mild winters and hot and dry weather in long summers, that's why cooling has become the most energy-consuming aspect in Iraq, and the amount of energy consumption is increasing. This problem lies in the unwillingness to use the ways of green building, which is done with the aim of reducing the consumption of energy and natural resources. Therefore, this research focuses on one of these strategies, which is the green roof as the best way to save energy. The purpose of the research is to present an example of roof design using green roof technology in an educational building in Wasit city, and to evaluate the thermal behavior of this technology in improving energy consumption. Material and Methodology: This study was done analytically through the Design Builder program to evaluate the effect of green roof on energy consumption of six types of native plants selected for the climate of Wasit. There are many research variables such as plant height, leaf area index, and growth layer height as research variables, through which the improvement in annual energy consumption is measured. Findings: The results of the numerical analysis showed that after comparing the plants, the best thermal performance of the green roof was for two plants with a height of 15 cm and 20 cm with a high leaf area index. It was 4.43 and 5.82 respectively. The best height of the growing layer to improve energy consumption was determined to be 25 cm and 20 cm. Annual energy savings reached 11.7 and 13.49 respectively. Discussion and Conclusion: The green roof in the climate of Wasit city is a practical and sustainable solution for energy consumption in hot and dry weather, and one can take advantage of its many advantages in the climate of the mentioned city. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
34 - Analyzing the double skin facade moving in the efficiency of energy consumption in residential buildings sustainability in Tabriz city
Seyed Mehdi Ghoddosifar Mahsa Faramarzi AslBackground and Objective: Double skin facades (DSF) are an interesting and important architectural element in buildings because they are very visually appealing and at the same time can perform better than single skin facades. Double skin facades must be properly MoreBackground and Objective: Double skin facades (DSF) are an interesting and important architectural element in buildings because they are very visually appealing and at the same time can perform better than single skin facades. Double skin facades must be properly designed and implemented, otherwise their potential benefits may be lost. For this reason, the physical processes occurring in a double skin facade must be well understood and predicted. However, they are very dynamic and static. The aim of the current research is to analyze the double skin facade moving in the efficiency of energy consumption in residential buildings in Tabriz city. Material and Methodology: In this research, the analytical descriptive method as well as numerical equations, Design Builder software, Converge and sensitivity analysis were used. Findings: The results showed that for the double skinned facade in cold seasons, by blocking the top and bottom of the double skinned facade, the air trapped between the double skinned facades is functional insulation and energy loss is reduced. Also, in hot seasons, by leaving the top and bottom of the skin open and creating air flow between the double skin, the heat transfer from the building increases and as a result, the temperature inside it decreases. Discussion and Conclusion: The results of numerical solution of computational fluid dynamics equations in Design Builder software showed that using this method in Tabriz city, the annual cooling load is reduced by 45% and the annual heating load is reduced by 5%. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
35 - Assessing the Effects of Household Economic Status on Energy Consumption (Case Study: Yazd City)
Amirnavid Soleymani Hamidreza GhaffarzadehThe aim of this article was to investigate the effect of household economic characteristics on energy consumption (case study, households living in Yazd), in whic Background and Aim: This study has been done in order to investigate the effects of household economic cha MoreThe aim of this article was to investigate the effect of household economic characteristics on energy consumption (case study, households living in Yazd), in whic Background and Aim: This study has been done in order to investigate the effects of household economic characteristics on energy consumption (case study, households living in Yazd). Methods: 383 households were selected as a sample by simple random sampling and the required information was collected through a questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS software and Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis and Spearman correlation coefficients. Results: The results showed that there is a significant relationship between education, income, job and type of home and energy consumption. In general, the economic situation of the family has a great impact on household energy consumption. Discussion and Conclusion: According to the results, there is a significant relationship between education and energy consumption, and with increasing education, energy consumption has increased. Also, employees consume more energy compared to people with freelance jobs, and retirees and workers consume less energy. Households with incomes above 9 million Tomans per month have consumed much more energy than households with incomes between one and three million Tomans per month, households living in affluent areas consume more energy and people who live in the suburbs and deprived areas consume less energy. h 383 households were selected as a sample by simple random sampling and the required information was collected through a questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS software and Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis and Spearman correlation coefficients. The results showed that there is a significant relationship between education, income, job and type of home and energy consumption. According to the results, there is a significant relationship between education and energy consumption, and with increasing education, energy consumption has increased. Also, employees consume more energy compared to people with freelance jobs, and retirees and workers consume less energy. Households with incomes above 9 million Tomans per month have consumed much more energy than households with incomes between one and three million Tomans per month, households living in affluent areas consume more energy And people who live in the suburbs and deprived areas consume less energy, in general, the economic situation of the family has a great impact on household energy consumption. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
36 - Investigation the Effects of Structural Changes and Economic Growth on Carbon Dioxide Emissions in Iran: Application of the ARDL Model
Mohammad Ali Asaadi Shahla Salimi Hamed GhaderzadehBackground and Objective: Different factors can cause increasing air contamination such as CO2. Understanding factors affecting atmosphere gaseous change is important for management and reducing air contaminants. Therefore the current study attempted to investigate the MoreBackground and Objective: Different factors can cause increasing air contamination such as CO2. Understanding factors affecting atmosphere gaseous change is important for management and reducing air contaminants. Therefore the current study attempted to investigate the effect of growth amount of value added in different economic sector, economic growth, energy consumption, urbanization growth, opening trade grade and financial development on diffusion of carbon dioxide. Material and Methodology: The environmental pollution estimated using the Auto Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model and error correction method (ECM) for Iran in the during 1985-2017. In addition, the long run relationship between model variables, short run dynamics of the model and the speed of adjustment of short run imbalances to long run estimated. Findings: The findings of the long-term model showed that the growth of urbanization with a value of 0.527% had the most positive effect and the degree of trade openness with a value of 0.125% had the least negative effect on carbon dioxide emissions. Discussion and conclusion: The results of this study show the negative effect of economic growth on the amount of carbon dioxide emissions in the long term, that in each period, about 14% of the imbalances of the instability of the amount of carbon dioxide emissions are resolved, and about seven The period is necessary for the short-term balance error to be adjusted and the model to return to the long-term balance, and also the presence of a positive relationship between the growth of the country's economic sub-sectors and the emission of carbon dioxide in the short-term and long-term will increase this pollutant. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
37 - Investigating the effectiveness of the Paris Agreement in domestic climate change lawsuits from the perspective of international law
meisam norouzi mehdi eskandari khoshguoDThe present study was conducted with the aim of modeling energy consumption in the main building of Tehran Municipality, District 5, and in order to determine the type and manner of energy consumption. Design Builder software was used for modeling. The four modeling sc MoreDThe present study was conducted with the aim of modeling energy consumption in the main building of Tehran Municipality, District 5, and in order to determine the type and manner of energy consumption. Design Builder software was used for modeling. The four modeling scenarios were the current state, the use of a movable canopy, the use of a photovoltaic panel, and the combined state. The results showed that the penetration air load coefficient is equal to 3132.5 W/K. Most of the heat received from the sun's heat comes from incoming radiation from the windows of the building. Red and blue are also related to the perceived load of heating and cooling of the building. The highest heat dissipation in cold seasons is related to the roof and glass of the building. Brightness is 54% of the points in the standard range, 2% of the points have more brightness than the standard and 44% of the points have less than the standard brightness. As can be deduced from the available results, the lighting condition (based on the installed capacity per unit area) of this building is higher than the world standards, which can be reduced to some extent without affecting the indoor comfort conditions. According to studies, the shortcomings of the building are significant from an energy perspective. So that the average heat transfer coefficient of the walls is 2.5 times the standard value of topic 19 and the average heat transfer coefficient of the windows is 1.7 times the standard value of topic 19. Also, the average ceiling heat transfer coefficient is 2.2 times the standard value of topic 19. By using smart canopies, the cooling and heating energy has been reduced by 12% compared to the building in the ground state. On the other hand, based on the modeling, it is determined that the total electricity consumption of the building during a year is 1074146 kWh that the panels can produce 88437 kWh during the year. Accordingly, the panels are capable of generating 15/3% of the building's electricity needs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
38 - Evaluation of the Application 24-hours heating and cooling storage system for non-residential buildings by using underground pipes and its effect to reduce energy consumption and CO2 emissions
Isa Khaknezhad Ashkan AbdalisousanDue to increasing demand for high-energy buildings, technical solutions are required to use it optimally and minimum energy consumption. Thus, investigation on solution that can decrease the amount of energy and as a result GHG emissions following is needed. One of the MoreDue to increasing demand for high-energy buildings, technical solutions are required to use it optimally and minimum energy consumption. Thus, investigation on solution that can decrease the amount of energy and as a result GHG emissions following is needed. One of the solution is based on underground energy storage that used mainly 24-hour. Heat is stored during day and extracted during night. Heating and cooling demand of the building is not reduced, but using an underground storage can decrease the amount of energy that has to be bought and Environmental degradation. In this investigate, the hospital considered in Tehran City, representing high energy performance buildings, heat transfer and fluid calculation for heat and cold storage is simulated with MATLAB program for underground pipes. Also heating and cooling load of the building calculated with HAP4.5 program and results are imported to MATLAB program, then system volume, ground response and reducing carbon dioxide emissions are studied. The result of this survey showed that, by using 24-hour storage system during a year, which has 15 line of steel pipeswith 600 meters length and nominal diameter of 3 inches where placed in 3 meters ground depth, 67% of heating load and 34% of cooling load can be met and CO2 emissions reduced 127 ton per annum. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
39 - Energy recovery in Persian Gulf and Gulf Gorgan an seawater reverse osmosis to provide drinking water in urban
Kolsoom naderiTechnology seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) desalination plants water desalination in recent decades due to the use of energy recovery devices (ERDs), modern technology in manufacturing membrane of growth enjoys. Several systems for energy recovery in SWRO happen that ea MoreTechnology seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) desalination plants water desalination in recent decades due to the use of energy recovery devices (ERDs), modern technology in manufacturing membrane of growth enjoys. Several systems for energy recovery in SWRO happen that each has its own advantages and disadvantages are. This article reviews and evaluates the use of devices, energy recovery in the basin, an important catchment area in the north (Gulf of Gorgan) and south (Persian Gulf) in order to provide drinking water in urban areas of the law of the subsidies in the energy sector in 90 years is. For this purpose, each of the devices recovered as described, then the software Rosa parameters necessary to produce 20,000 cubic meters per day set, and energy in particular (SEC) in four-wheel Pelton, Turbocharger, pressure exchanger / work to help the software calculated based on energy prices and 90 years of annual energy costs (total power) in both basins has been calculated. With detailed analysis and comparison of energy consumption in both basin and 41% wheel Pelton of pressure / work close to 50% of energy consumption are reduced. Pressure exchanger with high performance and price pressure due to the high price of energy and is recommended for both catchment Pelton turbines. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
40 - Bi-Threshold Cooperative Spectrum Sensing With the Ability of Simultaneous Improving Throughput and Reducing Energy Consumption in Cognitive Radio Network
Masoud Moradkhani Farzad SoltanianBy performing cooperative spectrum sensing in a cognitive radio network, although the network throughput increases with the increase in the number of secondary users, but at the same time, it also causes an increase in energy consumption. This makes it necessary to prov MoreBy performing cooperative spectrum sensing in a cognitive radio network, although the network throughput increases with the increase in the number of secondary users, but at the same time, it also causes an increase in energy consumption. This makes it necessary to provide a system that is able to create a tradeoff between throughput and energy consumption. In contrast to the conventional method of spectrum sensing based on one detection threshold, spectrum sensing with double thresholds avoids reporting unreliable data to the fusion center, thus potentially leading to greater energy saving. In this paper, a double threshold spectrum sensing cognitive radio network with a non-ideal reporting channel is optimized. The values of the threshold and the sensing time are jointly optimized to maximize the throughput of the network, provided that the network energy consumption and the amount of interference with the primary users are limited. The optimization problem is formulated and a numerical method is presented to solve it. The simulation results show a flexible system that can simultaneously provide higher throughput and lower energy consumption than the conventional sensing method. These results, while confirming the higher tolerance against the error of the reporting channel, show a significant energy saving of up to 70% by guaranteeing the throughput efficiency greater than 1. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
41 - Improving efficiency and reliability in the seismic monitoring systems based on the Internet of Things by applying redundancy in sensors and controllers
Iman Zangeneh Amir Massoud Bidgoli Ardeshir DolatiNatural disasters such as earthquakes are associated with irreparable damages. Therefore, any action to predict and announce a warning about it is necessary and vital. In data monitoring and warning systems for these disasters, being real-time as much as possible and th MoreNatural disasters such as earthquakes are associated with irreparable damages. Therefore, any action to predict and announce a warning about it is necessary and vital. In data monitoring and warning systems for these disasters, being real-time as much as possible and the response time and accuracy and accuracy of data and system performance play a key role. On the other hand, the expansion of systems based on the Internet of Things has made it possible to exchange and process data in different environmental conditions. In this article, a monitoring and warning system based on Internet of Things was proposed for the messaging of seismic data. In the first solution, the lightweight protocol Message Queuing Telemetry Transfer (MQTT) was chosen as the base protocol for messaging. In the second solution, redundancy was applied in the sensor layer using the gray wolf algorithm, and in the third solution, redundancy was applied in the controller layer. The simulation results showed that the redundancy in the sensor and controller layer saved energy consumption by more than thirty percent. Also, the average end-to-end delay was significantly reduced in the second and third solutions. Finally, in the first solution, the rate of successful package delivery for different number of packages was a constant value of 78.98%. But by applying redundancy in the sensor and controller, the package delivery rate increased to over 92%, which can be the result of increasing the number of sensors and controllers and their proper placement. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
42 - Numerical Investigation of Forced Convection Heat Transfer for Different Models of PPFHS Heatsinks
Soheil Sadrabadi Haghighi hamidreza goshayeshi Iman Zahmatkesh -
Open Access Article
43 - Design and validation of a model for education of the optimal energy consumption in elementary school textbooks
parvin torkashvandi Shahram Ranjdoust Mohamad Azimi alireza assarehConsidering the current environmental challenges, the aim of the current research is to design and validate an education model for optimal energy consumption in elementary school textbooks. For this purpose, in addition to quantitative content analysis (categorical) of MoreConsidering the current environmental challenges, the aim of the current research is to design and validate an education model for optimal energy consumption in elementary school textbooks. For this purpose, in addition to quantitative content analysis (categorical) of elementary courses from the perspective of optimal energy consumption and evaluating the energy literacy of students in Kermanshah city, based on the foundations, components and assumptions of a desirable model of education and combining the opinions of experts and curriculum experts in it, a model for education of energy consumption in elementary school textbooks has been designed and validated. This research is practical in terms of purpose and exploratory mixed research in terms of method. Domain for analyzing the content of textbooks include all primary school books, for measuring the level of energy literacy including all primary school students in Kermanshah city, and to validate the model, It includes primary school teachers, education specialists, and textbook authors and the purposeful and criteria-based sampling method was used until reaching theoretical saturation (number of 19 people) from experts in energy education and education. The tools for collecting the information required for the design of the model were documentary studies, interviews and questionnaires, and for the purpose of validity and reliability, the theoretical triangulation method was used.The results of the content analysis of the textbooks showed that among the elementary school books, the most attention was paid to the category of consumption patterns in Persian books and experimental sciences of the fifth and sixth grades, which are mainly based on cognitive and functional components. Also, the results showed that the energy literacy of primary school students was low in cognitive aspects and therefore it had an impact on their performance.Bottom of Form Finally, the ideal model of energy consumption education including curriculum elements such as goals, content selection and organization, learning activities and teaching methods, learning resources, grouping, time, place and evaluation was designed. Accreditation review from experts in curriculum studies and environmental education showed that the designed model is acceptable with a high degree of confidence. Based on this, it is suggested that the pattern of optimal energy consumption, its components and how it is taught, which is designed in this research, should be included in the topics and educational programs in the elementary school. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
44 - A New Method to Improve Energy Consumption in Wireless Camera Sensor Networks
javad bayat Shiva KarimiIntroduction: In the development of wireless camera sensor networks, there are unique challenges such as the need for high bandwidth, low latency for processing, high energy consumption, and real-time control. Each wireless camera sensor node is able to process image da MoreIntroduction: In the development of wireless camera sensor networks, there are unique challenges such as the need for high bandwidth, low latency for processing, high energy consumption, and real-time control. Each wireless camera sensor node is able to process image data locally and extract suitable data and cooperate with other cameras based on the desired application. In these networks, high bandwidth is demanded to transmit visual data, and high volume calculations in these networks must be possible with low power. In this article, a new model based on Harris‘s Hawk optimization algorithm is proposed to improve energy consumption in wireless camera sensor networks. The optimization algorithm of Harris‘s Hawk is one of the meta-heuristic algorithms that was invented in 2019. Method: Harris‘s Hawk optimization algorithm was used to form optimal clustering. Each vector generated in Harris‘s Hawk optimization algorithm is calculated based on the fitness function and the most optimal vectors are selected for clustering. In the proposed model, factors such as intra-cluster distance and extra-cluster distance, and energy consumption have been considered. Results: Evaluations in the environment of 150×150 m2 and 300×300 m2 with a different number of nodes show that the proposed model has better efficiency compared to PADT and genetic algorithm (GA). Discussion: In wireless camera sensor networks, the imbalance of energy consumption among nodes is an effective factor in the network lifetime. In order to balance the energy consumption among nodes, clustering algorithms have been proposed for uniform energy distribution. In this paper, we proposed a new model for clustering camera sensor nodes based on Harris‘s Hawk optimization algorithm. In the proposed model, we paid attention to parameters such as intra-cluster distance, extra-cluster distance, and residual energy of sensor nodes. The cluster quality criterion is based on the intra-cluster distance, which depends on the position of the cluster head in the clusters. In the proposed model, because the distance criterion is taken into account and the distance of non-cluster nodes with the cluster head node is evaluated and the closest nodes to the cluster head are selected. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
45 - Identification and introduction principles of green architecture in Iran to reduce energy consumption, case study of Bushehr green building
mohammad behzadpour behnaz kashanizadeh High energy consumption and its adverse consequences are among the greatest concerns of today’s world. One of the ways of balancing energy consumption is sustainability, particularly in buildings since according to More High energy consumption and its adverse consequences are among the greatest concerns of today’s world. One of the ways of balancing energy consumption is sustainability, particularly in buildings since according to Iran’s annual energy records, more than one third of the country’s energy is consumed in the building sector. Today, sustainable architecture is among the most important approaches in architecture, aiming to reduce consumption of resources, preserve the natural environment, and promote health. Given that the applied aspect of this approach requires further attention in Iran, this study sought to explain the principles of sustainable architecture and outline the applied sustainable principles in Iran by examining an instance built in Bushehr. In addition, it intended to investigate how successful the project was as many of these principles have been studied and defined in different parts of the world and given that they are specified for a particular climate, they cannot be used as principles prepared and suitable for the climate of Iran. Their success can only be evaluated using software applications and through the passage of time. In this study, first, the concept and aims of sustainable architecture were explained through library research on the subject and real definition of sustainability principles. Then, the building that has been introduced as a sustainable structure in Bushehr was simulated and analyzed in DesignBuilder. The results indicated that in this project, with 235.85 kWh/m2 energy consumption, cooling required the most energy and to reduce energy consumption and move towards the principles of sustainability, principles such as proper definition of the dimensions of openings (for example, openings with medium dimensions since large dimensions do not fit warm and humid climates) and canopies (such as vertical canopies) should be used in constructing such buildings. Extended AbstractIntroduction: The green process in architecture is an ancient process, for example, since cavemen first realized that choosing a cave facing south is much more suitable in terms of ambient temperature than a cave opening to the north. The new issue is understanding the importance of green architecture for artificial and human environments. Creating the best process for designing buildings; In such a way that all the resources entering the building, its materials, fuel or objects used by the residents, need to create a sustainable architecture. Keeping up with nature is a fundamental thing in traditional Iranian architecture and the principles in traditional Iranian architecture try to use energy efficiently, but today constructions in this region do not pay attention to this or by using laws defined for other climates. Are created. In recent years, many laws, regulations and assemblies have been created in this field, the most prominent of which are Leed, Breem, green globes, DGNB and many others, most of which are the foundations of sustainable buildings in general and public or Explained for other climates except Iran. In Iran, some projects have tried to create buildings called green buildings due to the prevailing conditions in terms of climate and energy consumption, but due to the lack of specific laws specific to the climate of Iran, no source for Measuring the success rate of their performance is nothing but the passage of time. With the current situation of energy consumption and its shortage in Iran, recognizing and introducing these laws will be very important. Given the issues raised, the main question of the research is what are the current laws of green and sustainable architecture in Iran , And after recognizing and studying the principles of sustainable architecture, measuring the success of projects made in Iran as sustainable architecture, because there is no rules for sustainaible architecture in Iran and this ecosystem, in view of all the cases that will change the determination of these laws according to the geographical location of the region, and on the other hand by looking at the cost and energy shortage in Iran and inconsistency The sources of existing regulations with the current conditions in Iran This issue is very important.Methodology: This research has been done by descriptive-analytical method and then by simulation with the help of Design Builder software, a case study has been researched and studied, which finally leads to the conclusion of the studies. The context of sustainability, sustainability in Iran and the goals of sustainability in the construction industry has been prepared and read to provide a basis for identifying and determining the key criteria. And then the building designed based on sustainable architecture in Iran, which is the study sample, has been studied with the help of simulator software.Results and discussion: The building has an energy consumption of 235.85 due to its location in hot and humid climates and on the coastline. According to the above diagram, the consumption of each of the heating, cooling and electricity energies can be seen. As a result of this analysis, Find that the building in question has the highest amount of energy consumption in the field of cooling and with the help of passive and active systems this consumption should be reduced, for example, vertical canopies can be used and the amount of openings should be neither too big nor too small. Systems can minimize energy consumption in this buildingConclusion: According to the issues raised, it can be seen that the need to reduce the consumption of fossil fuels in each sector is a requirement, and in the field of architecture with the help of sustainable architecture can be achieved to a very significant extent. In many developed countries, this is important with the help of pre-determined laws and in the form of specific instructions, but in Iran there are no specific laws for this. Since buildings in Iran are built with the method of sustainable architecture and principles derived from it, which also existed in traditional architecture, and with the help of design builder software, we examined one of these examples to find out the amount of energy consumption with the help of sustainable process. How much will be reduced? The results of the analysis show that the energy consumption in the building under construction for cooling is higher than heating and lighting. Thus, it seems necessary to find solutions to reduce the need for energy for cooling due to its significant effect on increasing the amount of initial energy in this study. One of the things that helps reduce the amount of cooling energy consumption is shading and shading forms, which prevented the amount of sunlight from entering during the warm seasons. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
46 - Modeling the Amount of Required Energy and Kinetics of Lavender Drying Using Artificial Neural Network
Mohammad Younesi Alamooti Hamid Khafajeh Mohammad ZareinLavender with the scientific name Lavandula stricta Del is a perennial medicinal plant with a height of about half a meter that grows in different regions of Iran. Drying is one of the oldest methods of preserving materials. The use of neural networks can be used in the MoreLavender with the scientific name Lavandula stricta Del is a perennial medicinal plant with a height of about half a meter that grows in different regions of Iran. Drying is one of the oldest methods of preserving materials. The use of neural networks can be used in the design and selection of optimal working conditions and dryer control. In this study, various parameters of drying, evaluation of mathematical models to determine the best model, evaluation of different topologies of MLP artificial neural network to determine the best network for lavender plant with microwave dryer with power range of 100-1000 watts and The frequency of 2450 MHz is provided in four power levels of 300, 500, 700 and 900 watts. MLP artificial neural network was used to predict the relationship between drying kinetic parameters (moisture ratio and drying rate) and efficiency of energy consumption with changes in microwave power consumption using Statistica software. Among the fitted models, the Midili model was chosen as the best model according to R 2, χ 2 and RMSE criteria. Microwave power levels had an effect on drying time, with drying times of 3 minutes for 900 W power and 11 minutes for 300 W power. In order to predict drying kinetic parameters and energy consumption efficiency, MLP network with one input and three outputs was successfully used. The results generally showed that the MLP artificial neural network is a very powerful tool in predicting drying kinetic parameters and energy efficiency of lavender medicinal plant based on microwave power consumption values. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
47 - The Role of the Ceilings with Folding Smart Shell in Creating Thermal Comfort (A Case Study of Redesigning an Educational Building in Mashhad)
Faranak Farhadi Nasab Fatemeh Mozaffari Ghadikalaei -
Open Access Article
48 - A dynamic model for the optimal and sustainable development of the use of Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) buses in Tehran
Seyed Jamalaldin Razavinasab Mahdi Fadaei Ashkiki Mahdi Homayounfar Maryam OoshaksaraieEnergy consumption management is essential because the natural resources should be preserved for the future people, and environment, the economy and the energy security of the country are also considered. Air pollution in Tehran has increased very much and thousands of MoreEnergy consumption management is essential because the natural resources should be preserved for the future people, and environment, the economy and the energy security of the country are also considered. Air pollution in Tehran has increased very much and thousands of people die every year because of it. In addition, the supply of diesel fuel under the current political circumstances of the country and the allocation of high value of subsidies to it have become a big problem for the government; the use of Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) buses for public transportation can be a solution to this problem. However, the CNG buses are not widely used in recent years. Based on historical approaches and using system dynamics (SD), the factors and feedback affecting the sustainable increase in the number CNG buses are identified in this paper and a dynamic model is introduced for the optimal and sustainable development of CNG buses. The model was validated and a 10-year period was simulated; according to the results, if the government does not increase the rate of its purchased CNG buses, the rate of the CBG buses being used now will be reduced from 38 percent to 14 percent in 2032. If 282 new CNG buses are purchased annually, the number of CNG buses and the number of diesel buses will be almost the same in 2032. Accordingly, fuel pollution produced by the buses and the fuel subsidies will be reduced. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
49 - A review of the role of perilipin in fatty liver with an exercise approach
Nafiseh Sadeghi Saleh RahmatiThe benefits of physical activity in individuals with fatty liver disease are widely acknowledged. Fatty liver disease occurs when an excessive amount of fat builds up in liver cells, resulting in inflammation and potential long-term liver damage. Perilipin, a protein p MoreThe benefits of physical activity in individuals with fatty liver disease are widely acknowledged. Fatty liver disease occurs when an excessive amount of fat builds up in liver cells, resulting in inflammation and potential long-term liver damage. Perilipin, a protein present in fat cells, plays a crucial role in regulating lipid metabolism, including the storage and breakdown of triglycerides. It has been scientifically proven that regular physical exercise has a positive impact on the connection between perilipin and fatty liver, creating a healthier environment for the liver. Physical activity enhances the expression and activity of perilipin, aiding in the release of stored triglycerides from liver cells. This allows for their metabolism and utilization as fuel during physical activity. Furthermore, physical activity stimulates lipolysis, the process of breaking down stored fat into free fatty acids, which can then be utilized for energy production. By increasing the activity of perilipin, this process is facilitated, preventing excessive accumulation of triglycerides in liver cells. Regular physical activity also increases energy expenditure and assists with weight management, as overweight and obesity are significant risk factors for the development and progression of fatty liver disease. The present study aims to investigate the relationships between perilipin, fatty liver, and the positive effects of physical activity on these interactions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
50 - Comparing the organic Rankine and Kalina cycles to use the waste energy of the cascade refrigeration cycle to reduce power consumption
Mohsen Mahdavi Adeli Seyed Omidreza MousaviIn this article, a new integrated system is presented to prevent energy loss and reduce power consumption. In this system, the cascade refrigeration cycle (cooling production cycle), organic Rankine cycle (power production cycle), and Kalina cycle (power production cycl MoreIn this article, a new integrated system is presented to prevent energy loss and reduce power consumption. In this system, the cascade refrigeration cycle (cooling production cycle), organic Rankine cycle (power production cycle), and Kalina cycle (power production cycle) are used. The cascade refrigeration cycle is combined with the mentioned power generation cycles employing a heat exchanger. The heat exchanger has the role of a condenser for the cascade refrigeration cycle and the role of an evaporator for the power generation cycles. After producing cooling at a low temperature (-45°C) by the cascade refrigeration cycle, the generated heat in the cascade refrigeration cycle is utilized in the evaporator of the organic Rankine or Kalina cycles to produce the required steam instead of being wasted. The results showed that by using the organic Rankine and Kalina cycles, the power consumption of the cascade refrigeration cycle is reduced by 20.13 % and 14.06 %, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
51 - The effect of using air gaps in the walls on reducing the energy consumption of a residential building
Seyed Ali Mousavi Navaee Ali Falavand Jozaei Ashkan Ghafouri Mohsen Mahdavi AdeliReducing energy consumption is of great importance today, considering that residential buildings have a significant contribution to energy consumption, so strategies to reduce energy consumption in this sector can have a great impact on reducing energy consumption in co MoreReducing energy consumption is of great importance today, considering that residential buildings have a significant contribution to energy consumption, so strategies to reduce energy consumption in this sector can have a great impact on reducing energy consumption in countries. In this paper, the energy analysis of a building has been done using the effects of using air gaps in the walls on the amount of energy consumption reduction. In order to check the results, the building design stages were first simulated using AutoCAD maps in DesignBuilder software, and EnergyPlus engine was used for energy calculations. To investigate the effect of using air gap in walls on reducing energy consumption, three different thicknesses of air gap (1cm, 2.5cm and 5cm) were analyzed. The results of energy simulation for these three different walls with the base wall show that the use of air gaps has reduced the total energy consumption and heating and cooling loads in different months of the year in the building, so that the monthly cooling load of the building in the hottest month of the year is 10.3, 12.8 and 14%, and in the coldest month of the year, Also, the annual heating load consumption of the building decreases by 25.7, 30.9, and 33.6 percent, respectively, and the annual cooling load decreases by 8.3, 10, and 10.9 percent, respectively, which is a significant percentage considering the high annual cooling energy consumption of the building. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
52 - Urban policy to optimize energy consumption with regard to natural ventilation (Case study: optimal orientation of residential buildings based on the angles included in the detailed plan of Shiraz city)
Tahereh Nasr Arash BostanianIn recent decades, urban policy-making has been raised as a significant and scientific topic in major cities of the world, and it has received several attentions from urban studies. One of the topics that is not paid attention to in climate approaches, especially in sus MoreIn recent decades, urban policy-making has been raised as a significant and scientific topic in major cities of the world, and it has received several attentions from urban studies. One of the topics that is not paid attention to in climate approaches, especially in sustainable architecture, is the consideration of solar energy in buildings, but a lot of attention to solar energy has unfortunately caused that to some extent other renewable energies such as Wind energy and its significant impact on natural ventilation are passively neglected. Paying attention to this case can be taken into consideration by the officials in order to pay attention to the optimization of energy consumption in urban policy making. One of the effective solutions in this field is the use of natural ventilation in residential buildings, determining a suitable direction for creating blinds and receiving wind with positive pressure and benefiting from this influential climatic element in the interior spaces of the building. In this research, an attempt was made to investigate and simulate natural ventilation conditions in residential buildings in Shiraz using Vasari energy simulation software, and parameters such as wind speed, wind direction, wind temperature, and other influencing factors were investigated. and be analyzed. According to the results of the simulation and examination of the twenty-year average of the climatic indicators of Shiraz city, it can be said that if the issues related to natural ventilation and the creation of blinds in the building are considered and the optimal orientation angle can be obtained from solar energy and Also, use wind energy to reduce the load on the building's mechanical facilities throughout the year. that the optimization of energy consumption has been done and in the scale of residential buildings in the metropolis of Shiraz, it can lead to the reduction of fossil fuel consumption to a significant extent. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
53 - A review on exergy analysis in different energy sectors
mohamad amin sadeghi Abdollah Khalesi Doost.Limitation of energy resources in all over the world has forced countries to evaluate policies which is related to energy as well as taking some steps to prevent waste of energy. In developing countries using economized device and new techniques in order to improving u More.Limitation of energy resources in all over the world has forced countries to evaluate policies which is related to energy as well as taking some steps to prevent waste of energy. In developing countries using economized device and new techniques in order to improving utilization (efficiency) has been noticed. First law of thermodynamics states conversion of energy during a process, but the second law deals with energy quality, entropy generation, lost opportunities for doing work. Moreover it satisfies improving of qualities. Second law of thermodynamic is a valuable tool for optimizing complex thermodynamic systems. Exergy is a defined parameter to investigate potential of work. Maximum or minimum exergy is available entropy of effective (efficient) work from a system which reaches from one condition (status) to another one, in a specific process. In this study attempts have been made to review formers researches in optimization of different sectors of energy thoroughly. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
54 - Effectiveness Evaluation of Trombe Wall for Optimum Pattern of Building Heating System at Shiraz
سیدحسین هاشمی آرش نجفی سیدمحسن حسینیSolar energy is a valuable and available renewable energy and its charge of technology has not great. Fossil fuels consumption grows in building heating systems and it is better to manage it with practical new engineering systems similar Trombe wall that can be reduced MoreSolar energy is a valuable and available renewable energy and its charge of technology has not great. Fossil fuels consumption grows in building heating systems and it is better to manage it with practical new engineering systems similar Trombe wall that can be reduced energy consumption at winter. A major component used in Trombe wall technology, thermal storage system materials and glass and Despite the heat transfer patterns in Trmb wall system will occur. Glass is ideal for this system, should have unique features such as high strength and high thermal stability. However wall storage used to store solar thermal energy should be the maximum.. In this research, effectiveness evaluation of this system at Shiraz is studied. Results show this technology is advantageous and successful for Shiraz and offers the optimum energy system pattern. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
55 - Potentials of Vernacular Climatic Solutions (VCS) in Energy Efficiency of Domestic Buildings in Hot and Humid Climate: The Case Study of Bushehr, Iran
Amin Mohammadi Mahmoudreza Saghafi Mansoureh Tahbaz Frshad nasrollahi -
Open Access Article
56 - Thermal Behavior of Double Skin Facade in Terms of Energy Consumption in the Climate of North of Iran-Rasht
Narges Rezazadeh Hossein Medi -
Open Access Article
57 - Comparative Study on the Influence of Window To Wall Ratio on Energy Consumption and Ventilation Performance in Office Building of Temperate Humid Climate: a Case Study in Rash
Seyedeh Hadiseh Sedigh Ziabari Hassan Zolfagharzadeh Farzaneh Asadi Malek Jahan Seyede Mamak Salavatian -
Open Access Article
58 - "Analysis of Building Energy Consumption Due to Transparent and Opaque Materials Used in Exterior Walls"
Maryam Mirashk-Daghiyan Atefeh Dehghan- Touran poshti Azadeh Shahcheraghi Hadi Kaboli -
Open Access Article
59 - The Effect of Building Blocks Layout on Indoor Thermal Comfort and Energy Consumption of Building in the Humid Subtropical Climate of Caspian Coast
Zahra Sorayaei Raheleh Rostami Fatemeh Mozaffari Ghadikolaei -
Open Access Article
60 - Application of nanotechnology in renewable energy
mojtaba jamiatiNanotechnology has the potential for many fundamental improvements in the improvement of conventional energy sources (nuclear and fossil fuels) as well as renewable energy sources. Tremendous advances in nanotechnology by introducing technologies with higher efficiency, MoreNanotechnology has the potential for many fundamental improvements in the improvement of conventional energy sources (nuclear and fossil fuels) as well as renewable energy sources. Tremendous advances in nanotechnology by introducing technologies with higher efficiency, lower price and environmentally friendly allow us to go beyond current options in providing energy for various systems. Renewable energies and nanotechnology are two areas that can have positive effects in the oil refining industry. Renewable energies such as solar, wind, water, geothermal and bioenergy can be used as alternative energy sources to provide electricity and heat needed by refineries and help to reduce dependence on fossil fuels. Nanotechnology plays a role in improving refining processes, increasing the efficiency and stability of equipment and catalysts, and cleaning the environment. For example, the use of nanocatalysts can increase the speed of chemical reactions and reduce energy consumption. Nanofilters can also be used in refinery wastewater treatment to separate pollutants with high precision. In general, these technologies can help increase productivity and reduce the environmental effects of refinery activities and are considered a big step towards sustainable development. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
61 - A Model for Predicting Building Energy Consumption Based on the Stacking of Machine Learning Regression Models
MohammadHosein Khodadadi Ladan Riazi Samaneh Yazdani -
Open Access Article
62 - Analytical Modeling of Specific Energy Consumption and Cost Share in Comprehensive Textile Industry: Case Study of Ethiopia
Dessie Bantelay Muluken Getie Betelhem Bruk Robile Workalemayehu -
Open Access Article
63 - Prediction of Heating Energy Consumption in Houses via Deep Learning Neural Network
Newsha Valadbeygi Ali Shahrjerdi -
Open Access Article
64 - Investigating the Role of Environmental Education of Local Communities on Environmental Performance of Citizens of District 5 of Tabriz Municipality
Shabnam Rahmanpour Mohammad Ebrahim RamezaniThis study intended to investigate the effect of environmental educationof local communities on bioenvironmental performance of citizens’ ofdistrict 5 of Tabriz municipality. This study was a semi-experimentalsurvey research. Research method was a semi-experimenta MoreThis study intended to investigate the effect of environmental educationof local communities on bioenvironmental performance of citizens’ ofdistrict 5 of Tabriz municipality. This study was a semi-experimentalsurvey research. Research method was a semi-experimental through pretest,post-test with control group. The Population of the study is citizensof district 5 of Tabriz city. This city was selected because of availabilityof related information and references. Sample size was 60 people ofcitizens of district 5 of Tabriz, from whom 30 people were grouped inexperiment group and 30 people in control group. In this study, data wasgathered through a researcher-made questionnaire which its validity wasconfirmed by supervisor and related experts, and its reliability wascalculated through Cronbach Alpha (0.81) which is acceptable. Resultsshowed that, environmental education of citizens of region 5 of Tabrizhas positive effect on waste, water consumption, pollution, energyconsumption and maintenance of environment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
65 - Nonlinear Effects of Urbanization and Human Capital on Energy Consumption in Different Sectors of Economy in Iran
Monere Dezaji Arash Ketabforoush BadriScrutiny of energy consumption behavioural patterns in various economic sectors represent an essential step in energy consumption planning and management. Delineation of determinants of energy demand is highly significant in Iran which is a country with rich energy reso MoreScrutiny of energy consumption behavioural patterns in various economic sectors represent an essential step in energy consumption planning and management. Delineation of determinants of energy demand is highly significant in Iran which is a country with rich energy resources, abundant oil and gas supplies, heavy minerals and potential resources. Therefore, using Panel Data Methods, this study explored the effects of urbanization and human capital on energy consumption in Iranian agriculture, industry and services sectors over a 17-year period between 1996 and 2016. The results showed that human capital, workforce productivity, interactive effect of human capital on workforce productivity and the squared value of economic sectors had negative effects while the added value had positive impacts on energy consumption during the specified period. The results of the analyses indicated that human capital and workforce productivity in economic sectors had negative significant interactive effects on energy consumption at the critical value of .01 implying that an increase in human capital and corresponding workforce enhancement will facilitate economizing on energy consumption. Moreover, the estimated coefficients of added value and squared added value of economic activities revealed an inverse U-shaped relationship between added values of economic sectors and energy consumption. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
66 - The ways of energy cost reduction in steel industry
Mina Kazemian Kiamars Fathi Hafshejani -
Open Access Article
67 - An optimization and characterization study on sodium ferrate production by electrochemical method
Sina Samimi-sedeh Ehsan Saebnoori Ali Hassanzadeh -
Open Access Article
68 - Modeling and Control Electric and Heating Sources in a Building Using MPC
Rasoul Moradimehr Esmaeil Alibeiki Seyyed Mostafa Ghadami -
Open Access Article
69 - Reduce Energy Consumption by Optimizing Temperature and Enforcing Smart Rules in Residential Buildings
Yazdan Daneshvar Majid Sabzehparvar Seyed Amir Hossein Hashemi -
Open Access Article
70 - Energy Consumption Control with Zero Energy Approach for a Building Model
Rasoul Moradimehr Esmaeil Alibeiki Seyyed Mostafa Ghadami -
Open Access Article
71 - The effect of industrial concentration and capital goods import on the energy consumption intensity in Iran’s industries
Sima Hajebi Fard Reza RoshanThe purpose of this article is to evaluate the effect of industrial concentration and import of capital goods on the intensity of energy consumption in Iranian industries. Industrial concentration index has been calculated using Herfindahl-Hirschman method and relative MoreThe purpose of this article is to evaluate the effect of industrial concentration and import of capital goods on the intensity of energy consumption in Iranian industries. Industrial concentration index has been calculated using Herfindahl-Hirschman method and relative entropy. In this research, the panel data method and the fixed effects model were used to estimate the coefficients of the models. The research findings indicate that between 2002 and 2018, industrial concentration and import of capital goods have a positive and statistically significant effect on the intensity of energy consumption. So that, one percent increase in the share of the industry in the market, increases the intensity of energy consumption between 0,089 to 0.203 percent. Also, the price of energy carriers has a negative effect on the intensity of energy consumption. Considering the inverse relationship between the price of energy carriers and energy intensity and the low elasticity of the price, it is necessary that incrementally raise the energy prices for industries logically causing environmental pollution to decrease their energy intensity. It is suggested that capital goods enter industries that have low energy consumption. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
72 - Redefinition of the Relation between Energy Consumption and Economic Growth in Iran: Markov Switching Approach
A. M. Mozayani A. Esari Arani B. Afsharian A. RasouliAbstract The purpose of this study is finding the relationship between energy consumption and economic growth in the industry and transport sector in developed and developing provinces in Iran through Markov switching model during 2000-2010. The results indicate a posi MoreAbstract The purpose of this study is finding the relationship between energy consumption and economic growth in the industry and transport sector in developed and developing provinces in Iran through Markov switching model during 2000-2010. The results indicate a positive effect of energy consumption growth on value added growth in industry and transportation both in developed and developing provinces. But, the positive effect of energy consumption will be increased by moving from recession to economic boom phrase. The results imply that the relation between energy consumption and economic growth in transportation sector is more than industry and there is an asymmetric relation between energy consumption and economic growth. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
73 - The Effect of Manufacturing Products and Foreign Direct Investment on Co2 Emission in D8 Countries
Mohammad mehdi Barghi oskoee Firooz fallahi Sona zhendeh khatibiIn this research, we will study the effects of different variables such as energy consumption, manufacturing products, foreign direct investment (FDI) and economic development on the emission of Co2 in D8 countries during 1990-2007 as an econometric model estimated by u MoreIn this research, we will study the effects of different variables such as energy consumption, manufacturing products, foreign direct investment (FDI) and economic development on the emission of Co2 in D8 countries during 1990-2007 as an econometric model estimated by using Panel Data and GMM. The results represent that, in Fixed Effect method, all variables under the examination except FDI have a positive and significant effect on Co2 emission. In GMM, all variables estimated are positive and significant too. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
74 - Electricity and Gas Networks Expansion Planning Considering Different Energy Consumption
Alireza Dehshiri-Badi Vahid Amir Seyed Mohammad ShariatmadarThis paper presents the generation and transmission expansion planning (GTEP) in electricity and gas networks. These networks supply electricity, heat, and gas consumption energies. Scheme minimizes the generation and transmission planning cost (total investment cost an MoreThis paper presents the generation and transmission expansion planning (GTEP) in electricity and gas networks. These networks supply electricity, heat, and gas consumption energies. Scheme minimizes the generation and transmission planning cost (total investment cost and expected operating cost). It is constrained to the investment budget and the planning model of the mentioned elements, the power flow equations of electricity and gas networks, the operation limits of the networks, and the limitation on generation capability. In the following, a linear approximation model considering quadratically objective function is obtained. Furthermore, stochastic optimization is adopted to model the uncertainty of load and renewable power. In this model, the concurrent consideration of electrical and gas networks with regard to fulfilments of simultaneous electrical-gas-thermal consumers is considered as a novel model into the model. Finally, the extracted numerical results confirm the capability of the proposed scheme in improving the operation and economic of the mentioned networks using optimal generation and transmission planning. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
75 - Designing and Optimization of Plasmonic Modulator Structure Based on the Active Materials of ITO and Graphene
Abbas Eslami Mojtaba Sadeghi Zahra AdelpourIn the last decade, optical integrated circuits, including modulators, have made significant progress in optical communications, imaging, and sensors. Among the active materials used in modulators, graphene and indium tin oxide (ITO) are some of the suitable options amo MoreIn the last decade, optical integrated circuits, including modulators, have made significant progress in optical communications, imaging, and sensors. Among the active materials used in modulators, graphene and indium tin oxide (ITO) are some of the suitable options among the active materials for modulation action due to their epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) characteristics, speed, and considerable response. In this paper, by applying direct coupling of light, the structure of plasmonic modulator in three-dimensional mode has been designed. And by changing the thickness of ITO, HfO2 (hafnium oxide) layers and waveguide width, the structure is optimized. Optimization thickness of 3 nm for ITO, 5nm for HfO2 and 280nm for waveguide width is achieved. The results of three-dimensional simulations of this paper with appropriate coupling show that the insertion loss (IL) of three-dimensional mode have not changed and the extinction ratio (ER) of the modulator has been slightly reduced in comparison with two-dimensional mode .On the other hand, appropriate and optimal coupling has no effect on energy consumption.Three-dimensional results show that the proposed plasmonic modulator can achieve an extinction ratio of 13.9 dB, an insertion loss of 2.9 dB, modulation speed of 140.9 GHz and a very low power consumption of 1.51 fj/bit for a 1µm length of the modulator, at 0.5 V voltage and a wavelength of 1.55 µm. Our design demonstrates a considerable reduction in energy consumption and improvement in extinction ratio compared to previous works. Also, for a 2 µm length of the modulator, an extinction ratio of 27.76 dB, an insertion loss of 5.68 dB, modulation speed of 70.14 GHz and power consumption of 2.88 fj/bit is achieved. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
76 - High-Performance Spintronic Based-Neuromorphic Computing System Enabled by Current Monitoring Peripheral Circuit
Pegah Shafaghi Hooman Farkhani Mehdi Dolatshahi Homayoun Mahdavi-NasabImplementation of neuromorphic computing systems (NCSs) using digital and analog circuits occup­ies a high chip area and consumes high power. With the advancement of nanotechnology, the hybrid Magnetic tunnel junction/Complementary metal–oxide–semiconduc MoreImplementation of neuromorphic computing systems (NCSs) using digital and analog circuits occup­ies a high chip area and consumes high power. With the advancement of nanotechnology, the hybrid Magnetic tunnel junction/Complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (MTJ/CMOS) circuits have made it possible to implement NCSs with higher density and lower power consumption. However, still there is a gap between the performance of the human brain and NCSs. To mitigate this gap, it is essential to further decrease the energy consumption and the delay of the NCS. The high energy consumption of the MTJ-based NCS is mostly related to the high current needed to switch the MTJ state. Hence, some previous methods tried to perform real-time tracking of the MTJ state by monitoring its voltage and cutting off its current immediately after switching. However, due to the small voltage changes after switching, these methods suffer from a high-power consumption (they need power-hungry amplifiers). In this paper, a new method based on the tracking of MTJ current (instead of voltage) and terminating the MTJ current after switching is proposed. Due to the large changes in the MTJ current after switching (about 40%), there is no need to use an amplifier in the proposed circuit. Therefore, the conventional voltage-mode sensing circuit is replaced with the proposed circuit, to improve the energy efficiency, speed and delay of the NCS. In all state-of-the-art designs, the voltage changes on nodes across the MTJ (PL, FL or both of them) have been used to detect the MTJ switching. However, the proposed circuit detects the MTJ switching by properly sensing the MTJ current and terminates its current immediately. The simulation results in 65-nm CMOS technology confirm that the proposed technique improves the energy consumption and speed of the NCS by 49% and 2.1X compared with the typical NCS. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
77 - An Improved W-LEACH Routing Protocol in Wireless Sensor Network
Farhad Rad Zahra Moghtaderinasab Hamid Parvin -
Open Access Article
78 - An Efficient Routing Algorithm to Lifetime Expansion in Wireless Sensor Networks
Meisam Kamarei Ghasem Kamarei Zohreh Shahsavari -
Open Access Article
79 - an Adaptive Routing Strategy to Reduce Energy Consumption in Network on Chip
Mohammad Trik Saadat Pour Mozafari Amir Massoud Bidgoli -
Open Access Article
80 - Energy-Efficient virtual machine placement in cloud computing
Badieh Nikzad Behnam Barzegar homayun motameni -
Open Access Article
81 - Quantitative Analysis of Office Building Orientation and Proportions for Maximum Natural Ventilation to Reduce Energy Consumption (Case Study: Rasht City)
Seyedeh Hadiseh Sedigh Ziabari hassan zolfagharzadeh Farzaneh Asadi Malekjahan Seyede Mamak SalavatianConsidering the region's climate, designing the dimensions and proportions of plans and proper location of buildings reduce the thermal and cooling load, and improve natural ventilation of buildings. Accordingly, in this paper, an office building in the temperate and hu MoreConsidering the region's climate, designing the dimensions and proportions of plans and proper location of buildings reduce the thermal and cooling load, and improve natural ventilation of buildings. Accordingly, in this paper, an office building in the temperate and humid climate of Rasht was simulated using DesignBuilder 5.4, and the natural ventilation and total annual energy consumption were calculated. The aim of the study was to analyze the existing situation, propose methods to improve the ventilation-energy consumption behavior based on plan proportions, orientation, and, present models to design office buildings in temperate and humid climates. Therefore, the building was simulated in seven different orientations, namely south, 45, 30 and 15-degree southeast, and west, and the values of ventilation and annual energy consumption were calculated. Then, it was proposed to adjust building plan proportions from 2:3 to 1:3, 1:2, and 1:1, to simulate each proportion for 7 different orientations. The lowest total annual energy consumption was observed in a building with a 1:3 proportion and north-south orientation, and the highest natural ventilation with the same proportion was obtained in 30-degree southwest and southeast orientations. Furthermore, changes of ventilation and energy consumption indices were calculated for the changes in four proportions in order to conduct a comparative quantitative analysis. The highest ventilation index was obtained for the lowest energy consumption growth index in 1:2 proportion for 15-degree southeast, and west orientation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
82 - عوامل موثر بر مصرف انرژی در بخش کشاورزی ایران با استفاده از روش ARDL-FAZZY
مریم ضیاء آبادی محمدرضا زارع مهرجردیبا توجه به نیازها و خواسته های نامحدود بشر و محدودیت منابع، انسان همواره در اندیشه ی استفاده ی موثر و بهینه از امکانات و منابعی که در اختیار داشته، بوده است. انرژی به عنوان یکی از عوامل اصلی تولید دارای جایگاه مهمی در فعالیت­های اقتصادی و به عنوان یکی از مهم­تری Moreبا توجه به نیازها و خواسته های نامحدود بشر و محدودیت منابع، انسان همواره در اندیشه ی استفاده ی موثر و بهینه از امکانات و منابعی که در اختیار داشته، بوده است. انرژی به عنوان یکی از عوامل اصلی تولید دارای جایگاه مهمی در فعالیت­های اقتصادی و به عنوان یکی از مهم­ترین نهاده­های مصرفی در بخش کشاورزی، از اهمیت خاصی برخوردار است. طی چهار دهه اخیر، مصرف انرژی در بخش کشاورزی ایران با نرخی فراتر از رشد تولید این بخش افزایش یافته است که یکی از مهم­ترین دلایل آن، پائین بودن قیمت انرژی و یارانه­ای بودن آن در بخش کشاورزی ایران است. در این مطالعه جهت بررسی عوامل موثر بر مصرف انرژی در بخش کشاورزی ایران از روش ARDL-FAZZY و داده­های سری زمانی 1353-1394 استفاده شده است. نتایج نشان­دهنده آن است که متغیر سهم بخش کشاورزی تاثیر مثبت و معناداری بر مصرف انرژی در دوره مورد مطالعه داشته است. متغیر نسبت سرمایه به نیروی کار (سرمایه سرانه) تاثیر مثبت بر مصرف انرژی داشته است. شدت مصرف انرژی در بخش کشاورزی از روند منظمی پیروی نکرده و اثر مثبت بر مصرف انرژی در این بخش داشته است. متغیر قیمت انرژی (سوخت­های فسیلی و برق) تاثیر منفی (با سطح معناداری پائین) بر مصرف انرژی دارد. بنابراین پیشنهاد می­شود که با توجه به اهمیت انرژی و مسئله آلودگی، مصرف انرژی و عوامل موثر برآن بیش از پیش مورد توجه قرار گیرد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
83 - مصرف انرژی در مزارع (مورد مطالعه:دهستان دیره، استان کرمانشاه)
نشمیل افشارزاده عبدالحمید پاپ زدن سهراب دل انگیزان مهدی اشجعیاین پژوهش بر میزان مصرف گازوئیل به عنوان یکی از انرژی های تجدیدناپذیر توسط ماشین آلات و پمپ آب کشاورزی در مزارع گندم و ذرت دهستان دیره دراستان کرمانشاه تمرکزکرده است. حجم نمونه در این مطالعه با استفاده از جدول بارتلت تعیین شد. برای انتخاب پاسخ دهندگان، ازروش­های نمو Moreاین پژوهش بر میزان مصرف گازوئیل به عنوان یکی از انرژی های تجدیدناپذیر توسط ماشین آلات و پمپ آب کشاورزی در مزارع گندم و ذرت دهستان دیره دراستان کرمانشاه تمرکزکرده است. حجم نمونه در این مطالعه با استفاده از جدول بارتلت تعیین شد. برای انتخاب پاسخ دهندگان، ازروش­های نمونه گیری طبقه ای تصادفی و سرشماری استفاده شد. نمونه­ها مشتمل بر247 کشاورز گندمکار، 235 ذرت­کار و 57 راننده تراکتور بودند که بر مبنای جدول بارتلت انتخاب شدند. رانندگان کمباین و صاحبان پمپ­های دیزلی آبیاری سرشماری شدند (N = 15، N = 48). ابزار گردآوری داده­ها پرسشنامه بود و تحلیل داده­ها توسط نرم افزار SPSS انجام شد. این یافته­ها نشان داد هم در مزارع گندم و هم مزارع ذرت، آماده­سازی خاک بالاترین مصرف گازوئیل را به ترتیب با 49٪ و 37٪ دارا بود. افزون بر این، مقدار گازوئیل مصرف شده در 3600 هکتار مزارع گندم و ذرت دهستان دیره معادل 6/403852 لیتر/سال معادل MJ 399،346،15 بود. سوزاندن این مقدار از گازوئیل سالانه حدود 094 ,058,1 کیلوگرم CO2 تولید می­کند. به طور کلی، ماشین آلات کشاورزی، پمپاژ آب و آبیاری برای دو محصول عمده­ی دهستان به نحو گسترده ای وابسته به سوخت­های فسیلی و تجدید ناپذیر است که نتیجه­ی آن انتشار مقدار زیادی CO2 می­باشد. این رو، به نظر می­رسد یک سیاست تهاجمی و نوآورانه برای بازسازی و طراحی مجدد سیستم انرژی در بخش کشاورزی در سطح ملی و محلی مورد نیاز جدی کشوربوده و تغییر پارادایم به کشاورزی پایدار و توسعه انرژی پاک و تجدید پذیر در بخش کشاورزی ایران اجتناب ناپذیر است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
84 - The Effect of Social Capital on the Realization of Energy Consumption Optimization Policies in the Islamic Republic of Iran
Mohsen Delaviz Seyed Khodayar Mortazavi AslToday, in all societies, the excessive consumption of energy and the concerns caused by its lack, especially for the future generations, are very important. In times of crisis, social capital can be used as one of the important components to solve problems and improve e MoreToday, in all societies, the excessive consumption of energy and the concerns caused by its lack, especially for the future generations, are very important. In times of crisis, social capital can be used as one of the important components to solve problems and improve existing processes. One of the most important of these problems is the inappropriate way and lack of attention to optimal energy consumption in different dimensions. One of the prerequisites for correct and optimal consumption of energy is huge social capital. Unfortunately, some statistics show inappropriate patterns of consumption of goods and energy in our country. The per capita consumption rate of Iranians is outside the standards of global and logical standards. Iranian people are consumer oriented in all areas of consumption, including food and energy, more than people in other parts of the world. The study of consumerism in new societies is of special importance because consumerism is not only a problem for consumers, but producers and distributors of goods and services need to understand its characteristics. For this purpose, in social sciences, sociologists, economists and contemporary policy makers analyze it comprehensively, and every expert pays attention to it from a specific angle. Modern consumerism is a social damage in an indiscriminate way that requires scientific knowledge and then basic treatment, or in other words, planning. In this article, first, the characteristics and definitions of social capital have been examined from the point of view of different experts, and its role in the optimization of energy consumption policies has been examined, and at the end, planning for the modification of consumption patterns has been discussed with an emphasis on strengthening social capital. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
85 - Survey effect of Good Governance on Economic Growth with respect of Environment and Energy Consumption in Developing countries (with Dynamic Panel)
vida varahramiThe aim of this paper, is survey effect of good governance indexes on economic growth in developing countries with respect of quality of environment in 2002-2021. Results of estimation of model with dynamic panel model reveals that CO2 emotion, government effectiveness, MoreThe aim of this paper, is survey effect of good governance indexes on economic growth in developing countries with respect of quality of environment in 2002-2021. Results of estimation of model with dynamic panel model reveals that CO2 emotion, government effectiveness, energy consumption and rule of law have positive effect on economic growth. In second model, economic growth and energy consumption have positive effect on CO2 emotion and government effectiveness and PAV have negative effect on CO2 emotion.The aim of this paper, is survey effect of good governance indexes on economic growth in developing countries with respect of quality of environment in 2002-2021. Results of estimation of model with dynamic panel model reveals that CO2 emotion, government effectiveness, energy consumption and rule of law have positive effect on economic growth. In second model, economic growth and energy consumption have positive effect on CO2 emotion and government effectiveness and PAV have negative effect on CO2 emotion.The aim of this paper, is survey effect of good governance indexes on economic growth in developing countries with respect of quality of environment in 2002-2021. Results of estimation of model with dynamic panel model reveals that CO2 emotion, government effectiveness, energy consumption and rule of law have positive effect on economic growth. In second model, economic growth and energy consumption have positive effect on CO2 emotion and government effectiveness and PAV have negative effect on CO2 emotion. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
86 - Dynamic Relationship between Energy Consumption and Economic Growth in Iran
Maryam Khoshnevis Asma Shiri Azam ShiriThe relationship between causation of energy use and economic growth is one of the important issues of energy economy, which has been studied extensively. However, previous studies in Iran have ignored the nonlinear behavior of these two variables, which can be as a res MoreThe relationship between causation of energy use and economic growth is one of the important issues of energy economy, which has been studied extensively. However, previous studies in Iran have ignored the nonlinear behavior of these two variables, which can be as a result of structural failures. In this research, the self-monitoring regression model of time parameters with probability fluctuations (TVP-VAR) is used to determine the inter-annual dynamics between the real GDP of Iran (oil, non-oil), electricity consumption, and greenhouse gas emissions in 1972-2014. The results show that the TVP-VAR model is used to study the dynamic relationship between power consumption, real GDP, and greenhouse emissions. In addition, analyzing the successive responses of GDP time, energy consumption, and greenhouse gas emissions to structural shocks suggests that these responses depend on the severity of GDP structural fluctuations, power consumption, and greenhouse gas emissions. In fact, the existence of a one-way non-linear relationship has led to economic growth as a result of energy use. This finding means that decision-makers should consider the fluctuations of real GDP, electric shock, greenhouse gas emissions, and the relationship between time-varying patterns of Real GDP, consumption electricity and emissions of greenhouse gases when deciding on energy policies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
87 - Comparison of the Impact of Human capital index on the consumption of renewable and irreversible energy in Iran
Fateemeh Zandi Shirin MirtabatabaeIn the present age, attention to renewable and renewable energies has become of paramount importance. Paying attention to human capital indicators can help the country manage their consumption. The present research method is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of n MoreIn the present age, attention to renewable and renewable energies has become of paramount importance. Paying attention to human capital indicators can help the country manage their consumption. The present research method is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of nature and method. In this study, the impact of oil prices variables, average electricity prices, human capital, financial development and research and development on the consumption of renewable and irreversible energy in the two independent regression equations in Iran during the period of 1370-1370 was investigated in Iran. The results showed that, according to the model estimation, all the variables of the model on the consumption of renewable energy in the studied years were obtained in a long -term and interpretative long -term. Thus, assuming the constant requirement of other conditions of change in human capital variables, financial development and oil prices and average electricity prices will be reduced by 0.003, 0.002 and 0.005, respectively, Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
88 - Analyzing Structural Change between Energy Consumption and Economic Growth in the Selected Oil Exporting Countries (1980-2010)
سید کمیل طیبی zahra zamani mostafa rajabi atyee azimiAbstract Energy is known as an important and strategic input among natural resources in which its effect on economic growth is not deniable. A deep investigation of the relationship between energy consumption and growth could help policy makers to conduct effective and MoreAbstract Energy is known as an important and strategic input among natural resources in which its effect on economic growth is not deniable. A deep investigation of the relationship between energy consumption and growth could help policy makers to conduct effective and sustainable policies in the energy section of oil producing and exporting countries. However, this relationship could be volatile sometimes in the presence of structural changes. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate such structural changes between energy consumption and growth to avoid misleading policies in these economies. This study examines any structural change of the relationship between energy consumption and economic growth in the selected oil exporting countries, such as Algeria, Colombia, Equator, Indonesia, Malaysia, Norway, Venezuela and Iran, during 1980-2010. This has been done by using co-integration and Chaw tests via a panel data approach. The results confirm a structural change between oil consumption and economic growth in the oil exporting countries during the mentioned period. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
89 - The Effect of Financial Development on Energy Consumption by Using the Generalized Method of Moment
مرتضی خورسندی تیمور محمدی محمد مهدی خزایی عارف بهروزAbstract In this study, the effect of financial development has examined on energy consumption by using the Generalized Method of Moment (GMM) in two groups of developing countries during 1993-2011 period. The first group includes 14 oil-producing developing countries MoreAbstract In this study, the effect of financial development has examined on energy consumption by using the Generalized Method of Moment (GMM) in two groups of developing countries during 1993-2011 period. The first group includes 14 oil-producing developing countries and the second group includes 19 non-oil-producing developing countries. For each group of countries, two separate models were estimated, the first model by using banking sector variable, and the second model estimated by using capital market variable. The results showed that, GDP per capita in the non-oil-producing countries compared with oil-producing countries has a greater positive effect on per capita consumption of energy. The oil-producing price variable compared with the Non-Oil-Producing developing countries has a greater negative effect on per capita consumption of energy. The ratio of domestic credit variable to private sector (% of GDP) in non-oil-producing developing countries 0.02% and in oil-producing developing countries is 0.009 percent .Comparison of the effects of domestic bank credit variable to the private sector ( as a percentage of GDP) on per capita consumption of energy in the two groups of countries reflects the higher efficiency of the banking sector in the non-oil-producing countries .On the other hand, variable rate of turnover of shares traded in the non-oil-producing developing countries is -0.003 percent and in oil-producing developing countries is -0.009 percent .Statistical analysis of the variable of capital market of shares traded in both developing oil-producing and non-oil-producing developing countries also shows that the effect of capital market development in energy consumption in oil-producing developing countries is more negative and smaller than the non-oil-producing developing countries Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
90 - Analysis of energy price reform effects on production and price in the agricultural sector
علی اصغر اسماعیل نیا شهرام وصفی اسفستانیAbstract This paper evaluates amounts of subsidies in the agricultural sector and estimates the effects of the implementation of price adjustment and targeted energy subsidies on economic growth and agricultural production. The methodology used is input-output analysis MoreAbstract This paper evaluates amounts of subsidies in the agricultural sector and estimates the effects of the implementation of price adjustment and targeted energy subsidies on economic growth and agricultural production. The methodology used is input-output analysis. The results show that the rising energy prices have increasing effect on the agricultural sector production. Price analysis of targeted energy subsidies shows that animal products increased more than 82 percent. Targeted energy subsidies could reduce 6.9 percent of output in all economic sectors and this reduction will be different for different economic sectors. This study shows that Output reduction is approximately 15.56 percent in Food, Beverage and Tobacco sector and 7.75 percent in agriculture and horticulture sector. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
91 - A Projection of Energy Consumption in Iranian Agriculture Sector
ابراهیم عباسیAbstract Agriculture productions are dependent to fossil fuels and other energy resources. Any damage in providing energy in agriculture sector has significant effect on its output productivity. Statisticsshow that the total amount of energy consumption in the agricult MoreAbstract Agriculture productions are dependent to fossil fuels and other energy resources. Any damage in providing energy in agriculture sector has significant effect on its output productivity. Statisticsshow that the total amount of energy consumption in the agriculture sectorduring 1370-1388 has increased from 1.33 million barrels of crude oil to 4.43 (equivalent to 1.3 times higher). Petroleum products are the main sources of energy consumed in this sector. Inthis paper, in order to forecast the energy consumption, value added of agriculture sector by anARIMA model has been calculated. Then based on the average energy intensity in existing situation (7.0) andfuture years we forecasted three scenarios for energy consumption (Onefavorable and two unfavorable scenarios) up to 1410. High-energy intensity will create social costs and damages to environmental via emission of greenhouse gases. Subsidy payment to energy consumption has led to vulnerability to environmental problem .Inorder to optimize the energy consumption and reduce its intensity in theagricultural sector different strategies should be considered such as decreased in the use of fossilenergy and using new energies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
92 - Optimal Short-Term Scheduling of Multi-Chiller Plants Considering Energy Requirement of Cooling Towers, Pumps and Chillers
Farkhondeh Jabari Behnam Mohammadi M.R. Bannae Sharifian Hadi Ghaebi -
Open Access Article
93 - Attaining Environmental Sustainability Through Cashew Nut Production in India: Revisiting the Role of Energy Consumption and Economic Growth
Noushad Cheriyambadan Muhammed Ashiq Villanthenkodath Hassan Shareef -
Open Access Article
94 - Studying the Role of Subsidy Fertile at Dehaghan Urban Family Energy
A. Hortamani A. Mirtalaee M. KarimkhaniThis study examines household energy consumption (water, electricity and gas) before and after the subsidies have been investigated. The results of this research project show that the amount of any energy items (water, electricity and gas )has reduced significantl MoreThis study examines household energy consumption (water, electricity and gas) before and after the subsidies have been investigated. The results of this research project show that the amount of any energy items (water, electricity and gas )has reduced significantly in the first six months of 1390(2011)in comparison with that of the same period in 1389(2010)In the next step of this research project the effect of some variables such as the number of the people in a family, as well as the educational status occupation and the gender of the head of the family has been investigated .The results indicate that regarding the electricity, the number of the people in a family and the occupation and the gender of the head of the family has had significant effects on the reduction of the amount of electricity consumed by the households. However the educational status of the head of the family as a variable have had no significant effect on the trend of consumption .Also, with respect to the water the performance of the related statistical experiments (tests)Showed that only the number of the people of the family (as a variable)has influenced the changes regarding the amount of consumed water by the household and other variables such as the gender or the occupation of the head of the family have had no significant effect on the process of the reduction of the consumption of water. At last, with respect to gas, none of the variables that is, the number of the people in a family, the occupation and the gender and the educational status of the head of the family have had no significant effect on the reduction of the consumption of gas. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
95 - The Effects of Globalization on renewable and non-renewable energy consumption: Case Study: Selected Developing Countries
seyyed Ali Paytakhti Oskooe Laleh Tabaghchi AkbariNowadays, globalization as an inevitably phenomenon changes the relations of production, financial relations, government relations and cultural characteristics, resulting increase in production and consumption of the countries. Move of developing countries towards econo MoreNowadays, globalization as an inevitably phenomenon changes the relations of production, financial relations, government relations and cultural characteristics, resulting increase in production and consumption of the countries. Move of developing countries towards economic openness and integration into the global economy leads to different results, which one of the most important changes is in the field of energy. In this paper the effect of the combined indices of globalization on the renewable energy consumption (power and nuclear energy) and nonrenewable (fossil fuels coal, petroleum and natural gas) has been studied for the 8 selected developing countries (especially Iran) during the period 2001 to 2015. In order to estimate the effects of variables, Panel ARDL technique has been employed. The estimation results show that globalization has positive effect on the renewable and nonrenewable energy consumption. This means that globalization leads to increase in consumption of renewable and nonrenewable energy Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
96 - Determination of optimum production condition and characterization of Potassium Ferrate particles synthesized by electrochemical method
Sina Samimi Sede احسان صائب نوری seyed Ali Hasanzadeh TabriziProduction efficiency and energy consumption are two important factors in electrochemical synthesis of potassium ferrate particles. In this research, the effects of different parameters including applied current density, KOH electrolyte concentration and its temperature MoreProduction efficiency and energy consumption are two important factors in electrochemical synthesis of potassium ferrate particles. In this research, the effects of different parameters including applied current density, KOH electrolyte concentration and its temperature on production efficiency and energy consumption have been studied. The condition of optimized production has achieved in current density of 40 mA.cm-2, 13M KOH electrolyte with temperature of 70 oC for two hours. In this situation, the production efficiency was 84.63% and the energy consumption was 5.05 kwh/kg. In next step, the effect of time duration on production efficiency, purity, formed phases and the size of potassium ferrate particles has been investigated in optimal condition. The results showed that due to decomposition of potassium ferrate particles with time, iron hydroxides and oxides components have been formed which reduces the purity and production efficiency. The sizes of potassium ferrate particles were measured by two method of Debye-Scherrer and modified Debye-Scherrer. This revealed that the size of potassium ferrate particles increases as time passes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
97 - ساخت یک سیستم انتقال نور کاربردی با هدف تامین روشنایی یک اتاق با مصرف انرژی صفر
جواد اشکبوس اصفهانی شاهرخ شجاعیاناز جمله کاربردهای فیبر نوری که در اواخر قرن بیستم بعنوان یک فناوری روشنایی متداول شده کاربرد آن در سیستمهای روشنایی می باشد. در این مقاله، در راستای همین کاربرد، کاهش انرژی مصرفی بکمک انتقال نور خورشید از بام ساختمان تا یک محل مورد نظر با رعایت استانداردهای مربوطه بررس Moreاز جمله کاربردهای فیبر نوری که در اواخر قرن بیستم بعنوان یک فناوری روشنایی متداول شده کاربرد آن در سیستمهای روشنایی می باشد. در این مقاله، در راستای همین کاربرد، کاهش انرژی مصرفی بکمک انتقال نور خورشید از بام ساختمان تا یک محل مورد نظر با رعایت استانداردهای مربوطه بررسی شده و طرحی اجرایی برای آن پیاده سازی شده است. اهداف مقاله صرفه جویی در مصرف انرژی، انطباق روشنایی محیط با نیازهای روحی و روانی انسان و محیط زیست، بستر سازی جهت تولید انبوه و ایجاد زمینه های درآمدی آتی برای دانشگاه میباشد.در مقاله حاضر علاوه بر نحوه ی متمرکز کردن نور برای ایجاد چگالی بیشتر، تحقیقاتی هم در مورد نحوه انتقال نور توسط فیبر نوری انجام شد و از آنجا که در این مورد مدل ریاضی لازم هنوز تدوین نشده از آزمایش های عملی و تحلیل آماری نتایج در این تحقیق استفاده گردید. با استفاده از چندین عدسی و چند مدل فیبر نوری و یک دستگاه کنترل موقعیت که بطور خاص برای این مقاله ساخته شده بود، آزمایشهای متعددی انجام شد و مقادیر شدت روشنایی حاصله توسط لوکس متر اندازه گیری گردید و پس از آن نتایج توسط نرم افزار آماری 17 SPSS V. تحلیل گردید. در انتها براساس نتایج اخیر بهترین نوع عدسی و فیبر به همراه روش سرراستی برای طراحی روشنایی یک اتاق نوعی با این روش ارائه گردید. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
98 - Presenting a Novel Model for Intelligent Electrical Consumption Management of Hospital Equipment by Using Goal Programming
horie sadat hadadi hamed shakori ganji aliyeh kazemi armin dahnadNowadays, energy management is highly regarded throughoutthe world. High energy consumption leads to high costs for consumers in thelong term and at the national level. In this study by modified consumptionpatterns and presenting a proposed plan, it has been tried to op MoreNowadays, energy management is highly regarded throughoutthe world. High energy consumption leads to high costs for consumers in thelong term and at the national level. In this study by modified consumptionpatterns and presenting a proposed plan, it has been tried to optimizeelectrical energy consumption in hospitals.The proposed model is agoal programming model. Objective functions consist of minimization of peakenergy consumption and minimization of electricity costs. Some constraintssuch as daily energy requirements and user preferences have been modeled usingmixed integer programming. Regarding objective functions, three differentscenarios have been considered.The developed model canbe easily performed in a hospital unit. The combined scenario that has been considered both objectivessimultaneously is the best.The proposed model is apractical one for intelligent management of electrical consumption. Thus,performing the model in hospitals is recommended Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
99 - Investigating the role and importance of sustainable architecture in optimal fuel consumption and pollution reduction (Case study: Semnan wind-Catchers)
Mahdi Yahyaei Seyed Majid Mofidi Shemirani Vahid Ahmadi -
Open Access Article
100 - Zoning and modeling of energy consumption in human settlements and explaining the effective components in the design of green buildings (Case study: Mashhad)
Najiyeh Abavisani Joghtaee Amir Farajollahi Rod Mansour Yeganeh -
Open Access Article
101 - Artificial Intelligence in Standard Localization of Green Buildings in Iran
Mohamad Rajabi Javad Majrouhi Sardroud Ali KheyroddinResidential buildings consume a major part of energy, soil and natural materials and play a large role in environmental pollution. Energy consumption in Iran is increasing by 270% in the last 20 years. One of the basic solutions to reduce use of fossil fuels, soil and n MoreResidential buildings consume a major part of energy, soil and natural materials and play a large role in environmental pollution. Energy consumption in Iran is increasing by 270% in the last 20 years. One of the basic solutions to reduce use of fossil fuels, soil and natural materials is the implementation of green buildings. Green buildings reduce the use of natural sand and soil and are generally replaced by micro-produced waste from various industries and mines. Unfortunately, unlike many countries in world, Iran does not have a native green standard and most investors do not have information about benefits of this type of building. In this research, using opinions of experts in the first stage to identify the advantages and obstacles of the implementation of green buildings and in the second stage, using 6 green standards of the world, a total of 68 items in 5 seasons of site, water, energy, materials and the quality of the indoor environment. It has been identified for the native green standard in Iran. The results of 103 questionnaires indicate that the lack of knowledge about green buildings is the biggest obstacle and the high potential of renewable energy production is introduced as the biggest necessity for the implementation of green buildings. Also, among the total number of green standard items, the optimal performance of energy consumption and the use of renewable energies have been identified as the most influential parameters. Finally, based on artificial intelligence, the total green standard score has been calculated. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
102 - The impact of Cloud Computing in the banking industry resources
Najla Niazmand -
Open Access Article
103 - Solutions to reduce energy consumption and design compatible with the climate in Hamedan city based on the architecture of traditional houses of the Qajar period
Alireza Noorian Sara ZohariToday, the energy crisis and environmental pollution have become one of the major challenges in the world. One of the ways to reduce environmental pollution is to model native architecture and its solutions in accordance with the climate. The present article deals with MoreToday, the energy crisis and environmental pollution have become one of the major challenges in the world. One of the ways to reduce environmental pollution is to model native architecture and its solutions in accordance with the climate. The present article deals with the physical system of native housing in the climatic context and how the special climate of this region affects the external body and spatial organization planning of housing. The purpose of this research is to find out the climatic solutions used in these houses and to explain them in the form of climatic design components in Hamadan city. For this purpose, the question is raised, how effective is the shape of Hamedan's traditional houses on the use of renewable energy? The research method is analytical-descriptive along with case study and simulation. Examining 30 examples of native houses in Hamedan shows that there are similar patterns in most of them. First, these patterns are explained, and then, in order to check the compatibility of these elements and methods with the region's climate, three examples of traditional houses in Hamedan city, which include one example of each type, were selected and designed by Design Builder software in terms of The body and the response rate to the climate are analyzed. Examining the components of ventilation, light, energy loss and the need for cooling and heating shows that the architecture of traditional houses in Hamadan in terms of form, orientation, level of openings, proportions of the yard and many other things are largely in accordance with the climate of the region. has it. In the following, the climatic patterns in the houses are extracted and design instructions are presented. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
104 - An Investigation on the Suitable Features of Double-Skin Façade in Lines with Reducing Energy Consumption in Cold and Arid Climate: A Case Study of Mashhad City
Faranak Farhadi Nasab Fatemeh Mozaffari Ghadikolaei Leila MirsaeediThis research deals with an efficient approach to achieve the optimization of energy consumption by emphasizing the selected and optimized features in the two-shell facade and in the form of a general question under the title that the application of two-shell facades in MoreThis research deals with an efficient approach to achieve the optimization of energy consumption by emphasizing the selected and optimized features in the two-shell facade and in the form of a general question under the title that the application of two-shell facades in towers How multipurpose can lead to reduction of energy consumption and thermal comfort in the cold and dry climate of Mashhad city. The crisis of energy is one of the greatest concerns that the world is facing today, especially in the area of building and architecture. Considering the limitations of determining the areas related to high-rise construction and compiling special construction rules in Mashhad city, in this dissertation, the researcher found the maximum height in the selected sample to be 150 meters with 34 floors as the first. and it is considered the tallest building in Mashhad city, in addition, according to the two tables and considering the most prominent tower in terms of being the tallest and also having the highest number of floors (on average), considering that Some of these towers are older in terms of age and have a lower height, and the towers under construction in Mashhad are on average taller than some of these towers, even though they are famous and prominent, and in addition One reason for choosing the tallest tower with the highest number of floors is that the effect of the variables investigated in this thesis increases with the increase in height, and in this thesis, solutions for the tallest towers are also supposed to be given. Accordingly, in order to investigate the function of double-skin facade and its effect in the climate of Mashhad City and to select a suitable option from amongst four types of double-skin facade, in the current study, first, four types of double-skin façade (multi-story, shaft-box, corridor, box-window) are considered in terms of energy in the climate of Mashhad City which is a cold and arid region, and the study is conducted on a multi-purpose and high-rise building in order to find the most optimal state for the region of Mashhad, and then the speed of wind and the air flow temperature in the façade shall be analyzed and the findings and conclusion of the study shall be presented The results of the study showed that the increase of the depth of middle hole leads to the improvement of the thermal function of the whole double-skin façade with an average of thermal comfort limit. Manuscript profile
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