Comparison the Effect of Renewable and Non- Renewable Energy on Air Pollution: "A Case Study of Middle-Income Countries"

fatemeh zandi ¹ ( South Tehran Azad University )
mohsen darvish ² ( Azad University of South Tehran )
bijan safavi ³ ( Azad University of South Tehran )
behnaz saboori ⁴ ( Azad University of South Tehran )

Submited date : 2023-01-31 Accepted date : 2024-08-21

Keywords: Renewable Energy Consumption, Non-Renewable Energy Consumption, Carbon Dioxide Consumption, Middle Income Countries. The Per Capita Income,

Abstract :

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Translation results
Translation result
The current article looks at the question of what effect renewable energy has had on air pollution in countries with high and low middle income in the period of 1990-2020. The short-term and long-term coefficients are estimated from the specified research model and using the panel data method including CS-ARDL. The results of the research show that in the long -term there is no inverse N relationship between per capita income and pollution emission in the two groups of countries with medium to high and low income. Based on this, the environmental Kuznets hypothesis is not accepted at conventional statistical levels, and in the long term, the effectiveness of renewable energy consumption among middle- income groups in reducing pollution emissions has not yet reached the reducing efficiency stage. The CO2 emission coefficient decreases due to the consumption of fossil energy along with the increase in the level of development.