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Open Access Article
1 - Explaining the necessity of good governance from the perspective of the Holy Quran and the Sunnah of the Prophet of Islam (PBUH)
Motahara Salehi mohamad ghasemiGovernment is one of the basic needs to provide human perfection in the religion of Islam, and its political and social dimensions should be examined from the Quranic perspective. An analysis of the exact meaning of governance in Islamic teachings, the Quranic indicator MoreGovernment is one of the basic needs to provide human perfection in the religion of Islam, and its political and social dimensions should be examined from the Quranic perspective. An analysis of the exact meaning of governance in Islamic teachings, the Quranic indicators of good governance by studying the verses of the Holy Quran, the importance of justice as an important approach in governance today, and also the paradigm of "good governance" as a common and dominant way to manage society in the world. The current research, in terms of the goal, is classified as developmental and applied research, and its method is descriptive-analytical. According to the nature and type of the subject under study, the collection of information was based on library and documentary methods. In this article, while referring to some verses of the Holy Quran, with the aim of answering this question, explaining the necessity of good governance from the perspective of the Holy Quran and the Sunnah. How is the Prophet of Islam (PBUH)? Been paid. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Analyzing opinions about Imamzadeh Hossein bin Musa's tomb
mohammad bagheri Hamid Reza SanaeiAbstract Imamzadeh Hossein bin Musa, one of the sons of Imam Musa Kazem (AS), lived in the second half of the 2nd century AH and the first half of the 3rd century AH. According to the reports of several sources about his burial, the question arises as to where he was b MoreAbstract Imamzadeh Hossein bin Musa, one of the sons of Imam Musa Kazem (AS), lived in the second half of the 2nd century AH and the first half of the 3rd century AH. According to the reports of several sources about his burial, the question arises as to where he was buried. This research, using a descriptive-analytical method, first explained the reports of multiple sources about his burial and then analyzed and checked their accuracy. The available reports mention his burial in cities such as Shiraz, Behbahan, Jopar Kerman, Kufa, Dezful and Tabas. The result indicates that the tomb of Imamzadeh is most likely located in the city of Tabas. Keywords: Hossein bin Musa (pbuh), Imamzadegan, tomb, Tabas, Shiraz, Kufa, Baghdad Abstract Imamzadeh Hossein bin Musa, one of the sons of Imam Musa Kazem (AS), lived in the second half of the 2nd century AH and the first half of the 3rd century AH. According to the reports of several sources about his burial, the question arises as to where he was buried. This research, using a descriptive-analytical method, first explained the reports of multiple sources about his burial and then analyzed and checked their accuracy. The available reports mention his burial in cities such as Shiraz, Behbahan, Jopar Kerman, Kufa, Dezful and Tabas. The result indicates that the tomb of Imamzadeh is most likely located in the city of Tabas. Keywords: Hossein bin Musa (pbuh), Imamzadegan, tomb, Tabas, Shiraz, Kufa, Baghdad Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - The Image of Khadīdjah in Early Sunni Historiography: A Study on the Narrations of Ibn Saʿd
Mojtaba Soltani Ahmadi Sarah Khatami Mostafa Gohari FakhrabadThe life of Hazrat Khadijeh in early sources that have been reported with historical differences has led to the formation of false claims about her. One of the sources that contains a detailed biography of Khadīdjah is Al-Ṭabaḳāt al-Kubrā by Muḥammad b. Saʿd Baṣrī (d.23 MoreThe life of Hazrat Khadijeh in early sources that have been reported with historical differences has led to the formation of false claims about her. One of the sources that contains a detailed biography of Khadīdjah is Al-Ṭabaḳāt al-Kubrā by Muḥammad b. Saʿd Baṣrī (d.230AH). The present study, by examining the case of Khadijeh's life in this book, explains the differences between the reports of earlier historians and compare with Ibn Sa'd's points of view. The findings of this study indicate that Ibn Saʿd's report on some issues such as Khadīdjah's age and how she got married with The Prophet seems to be correct. In contrary, his narrations about the Prophet's skepticism at the time of the first revelation and the importance of marrying ʿĀyisha are distorted. It seems that Ibn Saʿd tries to ignore some of Khadīdjah's virtues to pave the way for placing ʿĀyisha at the head of the wives of the Holy Prophet Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - The Confrontation between AlÊ(PBUM) and Mu’awÊya in The Narrations of Uthm§nÊyya and Ibn TaymÊyya: A Comparative Study
Sayyed Ali Khirkhah Alavi Nimatullah Safari Foroushani Abdollah Farrahi Osman YousephiThe Idea of Uthmaniyya and its development in all Islamic norms and sciences, including history, led to the formation of the Uthmaniyya school of historiography. Later, Ibn Taymiyya introduced his views to the Islamic community by presenting his views on events su MoreThe Idea of Uthmaniyya and its development in all Islamic norms and sciences, including history, led to the formation of the Uthmaniyya school of historiography. Later, Ibn Taymiyya introduced his views to the Islamic community by presenting his views on events such as “Imam Ali's reign”. Using the descriptive-analytical method and with a comparative approach, this research seeks to achieve a deeper understanding of their tendencies by examining the differences and similarities between the historiography of Uthmaniyya and Ibn Taymiyya. The results of the studies indicated that the Uthman historians tried to present an unrealistic Image of the confrontation between Imam Ali and Mua’wiya for their audience by distorting some reports. In the meantime, Ibn Taymiyya also in many cases was agree with Uthman historians, and in some cases such as the role of Imam Ali(PBUM) in the sedition of Uthman, adopted an approach that contradicts their historical foundations Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Anomaly in the specific heat of lead tellurides
Seiji Yoneda Masahiko Kato Isao J Ohsugi -
Open Access Article
6 - Calculation of state energy of (2n+ 1)-fold wells using the spectral properties of supersymmetry shape-invariant potential
Marjan Tavakkoli -
Open Access Article
7 - Effect of doped Zn–PbI2 nanostructures on structural and electrical properties of photodetector applications
Safaa Idan Mohammed Haider Mohammed Shanshool Khalil Ibraheem Imhan -
Open Access Article
8 - Investigation of Langmuir and Freundlich Adsorption Isotherm of Pb2+ Ions by Micro Powder of Cedar Leaf
gholamali haghdoost hosain aghaie Majid Monajjemi -
Open Access Article
9 - Synthesis of PbS Functionalized with gelatin as a Fluorescence-Enhanced Sensor for determination of Phenylpropanolamine (PPA) drug in blood and urine samples
Shirin Bouroumand Farzaneh Marahel Fereydoon Khazali -
Open Access Article
10 - Structural effects on the interactions of Pb(II) ion with Modified Banana Shell and Banana Shell during adsorption from aqueous solution
0. Moradi M. Yari K. Zare -
Open Access Article
11 - Inyestigafion of H2 Adsorption on Grapheme by DFT Methods
S. Shojaee F. Naderi H. Yamoula M. Monajjemi -
Open Access Article
12 - Thermodynamic study of lead ion removal by adsorption onto nanographene sheets
Y. Saghapour M. Aghaie K. Zare -
Open Access Article
13 - The Effect of irrigation management on the available lead(Pb) in soil and accumulation in shoot of rice
امیر رحمانی سامانی Mahdi Ghobadinia عبدالرزاق دانش شهرکی سیدحسن طباطبایی محمدحسن صالحیLead (Pb) is an environmental pollutants and cause of serious effects on human health due to the properties of accumulation, toxic and long-lasting. In this study, different water level management, including flood irrigation, control water level in 20 and 36 cm below th MoreLead (Pb) is an environmental pollutants and cause of serious effects on human health due to the properties of accumulation, toxic and long-lasting. In this study, different water level management, including flood irrigation, control water level in 20 and 36 cm below the soil surface and intermittent irrigation in rice cultivation were studied on amount of available Pb in a soil and accumulation in shoot of rice plants. The experiment was performed under the completely randomized design and with three replications at Shahrekord University. The results showed that the effect of irrigation management on the amount of available Pb in soil and accumulation in shoot was significant (p<0.01). Moisture content in the root zone, have greater effect on uptake and translocation of this element in soil and plant parts. Use intermittent irrigation management (including flood irrigation and so stop, until decrease water table used by plant to 4cm under soil surface), water table control in 20cm under soil surface (50% irrigation) and water table control in 36cm under soil surface (10% irrigation) compared to flood irrigation, led to decrease 8.78%, 21.53% and 40.09% in the available Pb in soil respectively, and decrease 26.71%, 35.82% and 52.01% in the Pb uptake in the stems and leaves and 15.80%, 44.19% and 49.28% decrease in the Pb uptake in the seed respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - Simulating unsteady soil evaporation under variable water content based on Campbell's two-parameter retension model
Raziyeh Aghajani Mehdi Homaee Mohammad BybordiLarge areas in Iran are located in arid and semi-arid regions and imposed to serious water shortage. In such areas, not only the available water resources are restricted, but the climatic conditions that are influencing evaporation acting more intensively. The obje MoreLarge areas in Iran are located in arid and semi-arid regions and imposed to serious water shortage. In such areas, not only the available water resources are restricted, but the climatic conditions that are influencing evaporation acting more intensively. The objective of this study was to estimate evaporation from bare soil at presence and absence of impervious layer, water table and free drainage. The amount of evaporation is also estimated using the parametric model proposed by Zarei et al., (2009) based on Campbell’s retention model. For this purpose, some PVC constructed lysimeters were filled with soil samples and packed carefully. The amount of evaporation was measured three times a day by weighting the lysimeters. The proposed model of Zarei et al.,(2009) based on Campbell’s retention model was further verified against the collected experimental data to estimate evaporation from water table drawdown. Model verification indicated that the maximum (98.8) and minimum (84.8) efficiencies belong to 150 and 75 centimeters of water table depths, respectively. The results, with slightly underestimation, indicated a reasonable agreement between the measured and model output data. The small underestimation between measured and predicted values can be attributed to moisture loss as vapor, soil shrinkage and errors in digital scale measurements. The predicted instantaneous evaporation values provided better agreement with the experimental data as the water table depths were increased. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - Evaluation of the Effect of Modified Atmospheric Packaging on the Shelf Life and Keeping Quality of Raspberry Using RSM
ghasem Yuosefi سعید Sadeghi زهره Karami زهرا Emam Jomeh محمد JookiIntroduction: Raspberry has been considered a good source of some micro and macro nutrients namly (anthocyanins, polyphenol, ascorbic acid, fiber, proteins and minerals). Due to high metabolic activity and susceptibility to fungal decay and especially gray mold, it is o MoreIntroduction: Raspberry has been considered a good source of some micro and macro nutrients namly (anthocyanins, polyphenol, ascorbic acid, fiber, proteins and minerals). Due to high metabolic activity and susceptibility to fungal decay and especially gray mold, it is one of the most perishable fruits and has a short shelf life. The use of modified atmospheric packaging increases the shelf life of the fruits like raspberries and therefore the commercial value of the fruit is increased. Materials and Methods: In this study the RSM design is used to assess the effects of three variables; CO2/O2 (three levels; zero, one and two v/v), time (0, 5 and 10 days) and perchlorine concentration (0, 250, 500ppm) on raspberry weight loss, acidity, texture and microbial load. Rasberry fruits were packed in the two layer plastic packaging made of polyamide with thickness of 50 microns and stored at 4˚C Results: The results showed that the time, perchlorine concentration and CO2/O2 ratio had significant effects on the qualitative properties of raspberry fruit and its shelf life. Increases in perchlorine concentration and CO2/O2 ratio had positive effects on keeping quality of the fruit. Conclusion: The application of modified atmospheric packaging can improve the qualitative characteristic of raspberry fruit. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - Batch and Continuous Removal of Pb (Ⅱ) By Sonochemically Treated Phanerocate Chrysosporium From Aqueous Solutions: Kinetics and Thermodynamics
Z. Kaveh S. Askari G. Ghaffari Asl R. Marandi -
Open Access Article
17 - Factors affecting participation in forest management programs in rural community in the north of Iran
Kiomars Sefidi Elaheh Alibabaie Morteza MoridiBackground and Objective: Nowadays, participation of local communities has been recognized as a suitable approach to reach sustainable forest management. Participation of local communities in conservational projects and forest management can ensure the sustainable manag MoreBackground and Objective: Nowadays, participation of local communities has been recognized as a suitable approach to reach sustainable forest management. Participation of local communities in conservational projects and forest management can ensure the sustainable management of forest. Method: This study aims to investigate the factors affecting social acceptability and intention to participate rural communities in forest management using field survey and questionnaire in Najardeh village near the Kheyrood forest in the north of Iran. The conceptual model used in this research was examined by defining 9 hypotheses, modeling structural equations and confirmatory factor analysis. Findings: Statistical test results showed no significant difference between men and women tendencies to participate. Among the whole variables related to the respondents, education and occupational status of people did not show a significant difference in terms of tendency to participate. The results of correlation study and confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the subjective norm is the most important factor affecting the tendency of villagers to participate in forest management and social acceptability of the project. Moreover, simplicity of the participation and the perceived usefulness positively and directly affect the tendency of villagers to participate in forestry projects. Discussion and Conclusion: Accordingly, if the goal is to increase rural participation in forestry projects, then building trust and enhancing the knowledge of villagers about the simplicity and usefulness of participation can be helpful. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - An Investigation on the Possibility of Heavy Metal (Pb and Ni) Phytoremediation from Plant Artemisia Sieberi in Mohammadabad Waste Disposal Site in Ghazvin
sanaz khorami pour roya mafi gholami ali jahaniBackground and Objective: This study was conducted in Mohammadabad waste disposal site in Ghazvin in order to determine the concentration of Ni and Pb in Artemisia sieberi and in region’s soil. Method: Three plots were selected. Ten random samples from root and s MoreBackground and Objective: This study was conducted in Mohammadabad waste disposal site in Ghazvin in order to determine the concentration of Ni and Pb in Artemisia sieberi and in region’s soil. Method: Three plots were selected. Ten random samples from root and shoot of the plant and also from the soil were collected. Two-way and one-way ANOVA were used to assess the differences of metal concentrations in roots and shoots of the plants, and in the soil of the plots, respectively. Duncan Test was applied to compare the average concentrations of metals in different plots. Findings: The results revealed that the soil of the different plots does not have a significant difference in Ni and Pb concentrations. No significant difference was observed between the metal concentrations in roots and shoots of the plants. The mean concentration of lead in the A.sieberi aerial and root organs was 2.35 mgkg-1 and 3.19 mgkg-1, respectively, and for the nickel metal 3.14 mgkg-1 and 2.99 mgkg-1 respectively. Discussion and conclusion: Bio concentration and transmission factors for Ni and Pb (TF=0.78; 0.81 and BCF=1.10; 0.33, respectively) suggested that A.sieberi is an appropriate plant to remove Pb from soil. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - Elimination of lead using adsorption by pear peel
Maryam Saeed Faraji Ali Mohamadi Sani Faezeh Tajalli Hosein Alizadeh GolestaniBackground and Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of pH, initial metal ions concentration and contact times in batch experiments to remove lead ion from aqueous solution by adsorption using pear peel (Pyrus pyrifolia) as a natural biosorbent MoreBackground and Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of pH, initial metal ions concentration and contact times in batch experiments to remove lead ion from aqueous solution by adsorption using pear peel (Pyrus pyrifolia) as a natural biosorbent. Method: For this purpose, four concentrations of 10, 50,100 and 250 mg/L, four times of 15, 30, 60 and 120 minutes and three pH values of 3, 4 and 5 were considered. Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models, the critical factor determining the adsorption capacity of adsorbents and adsorption processes of design were evaluated in this study. Findings: The optimal pH value for Pb adsorption onto the pear peel was found to be 5. Metal uptake capacity of Pb increased by increasing the initial metal ion concentrations,so that the maximum amount of lead was determined at a concentration of 250 mg/L. Maximum adsorption capacity for lead was estimated after 60 minutes. The equilibrium process was described well by the Langmuir isotherm model. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - Investigation of the Effect of Irrigation with Wastewater on Accumulation of Cadmum and Lead in the Soil and Cultivated Vegetables (Case study: Hamedan city)
Seyed Ali Vaghar Eisa SolgiBackground and Objective: Due to the high potential of Hamedan city for agricultural products and subsequentlly effects of urban wastewaters and agricultural activities such as the use of fertilizers and chemical pesticides on soil quality, plant, and human health, perf MoreBackground and Objective: Due to the high potential of Hamedan city for agricultural products and subsequentlly effects of urban wastewaters and agricultural activities such as the use of fertilizers and chemical pesticides on soil quality, plant, and human health, performing this research was necessary. This research was done by purpose of investigating the effect of wastewater on accumulation of metals Pb and Cd in soil and vegetables. Method: For this purpose, sampling from soil and vegetables was performed randomly in the city of Hamedan. Sampling was done in an area irrigated with well water and in an area irrigated with wastewater. Vegetable Samples were prepared after washing and drying, powdered and prepared for experiment. Also soil samples after air-drying, sieve, and prepared for experiment. Then samples digested with acid mixture and heavy metals measured by Atomic Adsorption Spectroscopy (AAS). Finally obtained data were analyzed by SPSS 20. Findings: Results showed that wastewater had important effect on accumulation of Pb and Cd in soil and vegetables which means concentration of these metals in the soil and vegetables that was irrigated with wastewater was higher than those irrigated with well water. Also this is identified that the concentrations of Pb and Cd in studied vegetables was higher or equal to standards and Cd in the soil of both control and treatment were or equal to standards but Pb were lower than standards. Discussion and Conclusion: Since, in the treatment area, the mean concentration of Cd in scallion vegetable and mean concentration of Pb in leek vegetable is higher than standard. Therefore, in order to prevent creating problems for citizens’ health, irrigation of fields by wastewater must be prevented. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - Remove of lead and cadmium metal ions from aqueous solution using nanoporous MCM-48 and modified NH2-MCM-48 adsorbents
Hadi Vatandoust Habibollah Younesi Zahra Mehraban Ava HeidariBackground and Objective: In this study, nanoporous silica adsorbent of MCM-48 was synthesized. The adsorbent capacity of heavy metal was increased by modification of the surface with 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane. Silica adsorbents are very effective in heavy metal ads MoreBackground and Objective: In this study, nanoporous silica adsorbent of MCM-48 was synthesized. The adsorbent capacity of heavy metal was increased by modification of the surface with 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane. Silica adsorbents are very effective in heavy metal adsorption. Method: In the present study, removal of Pb (II) and Cd (II) heavy metal ions from aqueous solution was carried out using MCM-48 and NH2-MCM-48 modified nanoporous adsorbents in a batch system. The effect of adsorbent dosage, solution pH and contact time were studied. The equilibrium data were analyzed using the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms by nonlinear regression analysis. Findings: The maximum adsorption capacities of NH2-MCM-48 for Cd (II) and Pb (II) were found to be 62.07 and 108.16 mg/g, respectively. Changing the level of each variable resulted in change of adsorption capacity of the adsorbents. Conclusion: The results of this study indicated that modification of MCM-48 to synthesize NH2-MCM-48 will increase the adsorbent capacity for Cd (II) and Pb (II) ions and this compound can be used as an effective adsorbent for the adsorption of metal ions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - Improving citizen's health and well-being through urban landscape design
Mohammad Bagheri Hamid Reza AzematiCurrent urbanization and settlement trends haveadverse psycho-physical impact on the safety,health and well-being of the city dwellers. Crime,lack of community, lack of physical activity anddependence on motorized transportation serve asexamples of urban ills. Sustainab MoreCurrent urbanization and settlement trends haveadverse psycho-physical impact on the safety,health and well-being of the city dwellers. Crime,lack of community, lack of physical activity anddependence on motorized transportation serve asexamples of urban ills. Sustainable design strategiesin urban neighborhoods and open spaces can havesignificant contribution to human physical healthand psychological well-being. The sustainable urbandesign agenda and design criteria such as green andquality open spaces, pedestrian areas, creating denseneighborhoods with mix land uses and infilldevelopment projects in derelict and lost spaces,decreasing dependence on motorized transportwith public services such as community schoolsand developing local public transport are of themain strategies that can addressed the varioushealth and well-being contributions of differenturban habitats. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - Praise of the Prophet (PBUH) by reviewing and adapting the poems of Safi al-Din Hali and Khaghani
Sakineh Saremi Garvi Hossein Mirzaei NiaThe praise of Prophet Mohammad (PBUH) can be seen in Arabic and Persian poetry of great poets, Safi al-Din Hali (677-744 AH) and the poet Shervan, Khaghani (520-595 AH) have composed beautiful poems in praise of the Holy Prophet (PBUH). Safi al-Din Hali has paid more at MoreThe praise of Prophet Mohammad (PBUH) can be seen in Arabic and Persian poetry of great poets, Safi al-Din Hali (677-744 AH) and the poet Shervan, Khaghani (520-595 AH) have composed beautiful poems in praise of the Holy Prophet (PBUH). Safi al-Din Hali has paid more attention to the miracles of the Prophet and expressed general concepts and has not mentioned social characteristics such as the spirit of justice of the Prophet and Safi al-Din Hali's praises are influenced by the theological thoughts that have occupied the thinkers of the time. The hypothesis of this research seeks to show how these two poets, while not being influenced by each other, have expressed the virtues of the Holy Prophet with a close and similar perspective to each other. The research method in this article is analytical-descriptive and based on library sources. The purpose of this article is to examine the commonalities and differences between the views of these two poets about the praise of Hazrat Mohammad Mustafa (PBUH), because this adaptation is based on the American school. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - A semiotic reading of the theme of jihad in Surah Muhammad (PBUH)
Monir ZibaeiSemiotics is an approach in literary criticism that has the potential to explore how meaning is created in literary texts. This text-based method with a systematic approach studies all the factors that are involved in the production and interpretation of meaning or in t MoreSemiotics is an approach in literary criticism that has the potential to explore how meaning is created in literary texts. This text-based method with a systematic approach studies all the factors that are involved in the production and interpretation of meaning or in the process of signification, and tries to achieve the key points of the text and its semantic layers. The Qur'an, as the foremost literary texts, has presented its teachings and long meanings in each surah in the form of an extensive network and a chain of sign systems. The present article, based on the descriptive-inferential method, has considered the theme of jihad in Surah Muhammad (PBUH). This reading examines the text of the surah as a system of codes and theological signs, in a coherent framework and in different structural layers of phonetics, lexicon and syntax-rhetoric. The signs in the text of this surah move away from their main function through the axes of companionship and succession and according to the context and atmosphere governing the surah and take new meanings. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - The investigation and analysis of the narration time in the story of Moses (PBUH) from the perspective of Gérard Genette's theory based on the Quran
faramarz talaei mohammad farahmand sarabi vododo valizadeh faramarz jalalatAbstract The narration is one of the basic and primary aspects of any storytelling in which objects, places, and static aspects of the story and characters are represented. One of the components of narration is the issue of time, which has been the focus of various narr MoreAbstract The narration is one of the basic and primary aspects of any storytelling in which objects, places, and static aspects of the story and characters are represented. One of the components of narration is the issue of time, which has been the focus of various narratologists. French structuralist Gérard Genette is one of the most prominent theorists in this field. In addition to mood and voice, he considered the time and anachronism of the narration to be the most important components of the narration of the story in order to convey the message quickly and effectively. Considering the importance of this issue in the narrations of the Holy Quran, the present research has tried to point to the narrative theory of Genette through the descriptive-analytical method as well as the narrative time of the story of Moses (PBUH), which is one of the most prominent stories in the Quran. The result of this research indicates that although more of the techniques of the anachronistic (i.e., order, duality, and frequency) are used, through retrospect in the story the dominant aspect of the anachronistic is the frequency of a repeated type, and in the duality, it has mostly been with the state of deletion or summary. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - An intertexuality look at the poetry of Shahnameh
Ahmadreza Yalameha Moslem RajabiIntertextuality is one of the new approaches in the literature criticism. The basis of this approach is that every text can not stand by itself. In fact a text is a quotation or reflection of previous text. The Divan of poets as well as the books of men of letters is no MoreIntertextuality is one of the new approaches in the literature criticism. The basis of this approach is that every text can not stand by itself. In fact a text is a quotation or reflection of previous text. The Divan of poets as well as the books of men of letters is not exception in this regard. One of the great and precious Divan in the Persian literature is Shahnameh that is written by Ferdousi. This Divan is a good source that can be analyzed from intertextulity perspective. A close look at this book reveals that there are many couplets based on Hadith of Excellencies of immaculate ones PBUT. intertextuality has been reflected throughout the book. Ferdousi has used Hadith lexicons and phrases. This research paper has tried to investigated and show intertextuality and study this technique in great book of Shahnameh. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - Stream of Consciousness in the Novel “Stalking” by SonOllah Ibrahim
Seyed Ebarahim Arman Zahra PaknahadThe present article studies one of the new methods of story narration which reviews the constant stream of thoughts and feelings inside the minds of the characters of the story. One of the basic objectives of applying this technique is having freedom in t MoreThe present article studies one of the new methods of story narration which reviews the constant stream of thoughts and feelings inside the minds of the characters of the story. One of the basic objectives of applying this technique is having freedom in the regular elements of theme and plot. Instead of codes the story is based on tangible and touchable realities so that the reader will be able to use his talent and intelligence to understand the intellectual experiences and interpret the codes. SonOllah Ibrahim is among the novelists of 60s in Egypt who has applied this technique in a good way and in the novel “Stalking” he depicts the mixture of social issues with mental realitiesof the characters. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - The Iranian Kurd Eulogist Of Prophets And Bordeh Bosiri
Robabeh Ramezani Vasim MahdaviEulogizing Mohammad (PBUH), with the long history as we know it, has always been in the center of attention for poets since his birth. As we know, one of the most notable poems, categorized as religious poems, is that of Bordeh Bosiri which was written in 7th century an MoreEulogizing Mohammad (PBUH), with the long history as we know it, has always been in the center of attention for poets since his birth. As we know, one of the most notable poems, categorized as religious poems, is that of Bordeh Bosiri which was written in 7th century and revitalized the eulogy of the Prophet. Since then, following Bosiri’s style, many have portrayed their genuine affections on the paper using various language and interpretations, expressing their sincere love for Him, the Honorable. In present era, many a Kurd poets have entered into this realm. The present paper, through studying common themes and outstanding merits shared by Bordeh Bosiri and other Iranian Kurd eulogists of the Prophet intends to ruminate over such poems what is full of exquisite fragrance of the Prophet and what is a pretext for writers to study the poets’ heartfelt emotions and feelings. May it be well received by Him, the Honorable. Profound emotions, disregarding people in power, in accordance with their eulogies and nearness to God are among the most notable features among contemporary Iranian Kurd poets. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
29 - The Semantics of “Revolution” and its Causes based on Quran and Hadith: an Emphasis on the Revolutionary Movement by Moses (PBUH)
Sohrab Morovati mohsen hasanvandiThe purpose of the present study is to study the semantics of the word revolution and its application in the religious text and to present its contexts and factors from the viewpoints of the Qur'an and the infallible narratives (AS) based on various aspects of Moses'(PB MoreThe purpose of the present study is to study the semantics of the word revolution and its application in the religious text and to present its contexts and factors from the viewpoints of the Qur'an and the infallible narratives (AS) based on various aspects of Moses'(PBUH)revolutionary movement. The research method was descriptive-analytical and in this regard ، the revolution was explained in the view of western and Islamic scholars and its application in Quran and narrations. The factors that shaped the revolution include dissatisfaction with the status quo, tyranny, economic and political inequality, the failure of the sovereign to think of sovereignty, lack of freedom and the right to criticize, the oligarchy, the discrediting of religious values, and the closure of divine judgments. This was the research. The findings indicated that although “revolution” as used in the Quran verses and hadith does not refer to the sense commonly understood by the term, the essence of revolutionary movements and their causes have been well introduced and explained whether directly or indirectly in these sources. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
30 - The Analysis of Ritual Poetry in Hazeen Lahiji’s Divaan
Mahtab Ghodrat Akram Rahmani Abdol Reza Modarres ZadehRitual Literature is inextricably linked to the Persian thought and culture, and ritual Poetry is an important part of Persian Literature, and the poets give it special importance and prestige. It has a special position and background in Persian language. Ritual Poetry MoreRitual Literature is inextricably linked to the Persian thought and culture, and ritual Poetry is an important part of Persian Literature, and the poets give it special importance and prestige. It has a special position and background in Persian language. Ritual Poetry is a kind of poetry which is composed on rituals and many occasions in individual, social, national, religious and regional life. This kind of poetry contains the praise of the Holy Prophet of Islam (PBUH), Imams (PBUT), etc. With the victory of the Islamic Revolution, Ritual Poetry enters a new and unprecedented stage, and poets, due to the religious and epic nature of the revolution, turn to the Ritual Poetry in a different way than in the past. This study aims to investigate the position of the Ritual Poetry in the Divaan of one of the well-known poets of Guilan province, Hazeen Lahiji; and his Ritual poems, which are composed in the praise of the Holy Prophet (PBUH), Imams (PBUT) etc., will be analyzed. The results of this study show that Hazeen Lahiji has paid special attention to great human virtues of the Holy Prophet (PBUH) and Imams (PBUT) in his poems. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
31 - The analysis of the educational background of "Aladdin AbulShamat" from the Hezar-O-YekShab Collection;based on the theory of the "hero journey" by Joseph Campbell
Mitra Hajizadeh Reza Ashrafzadeh Seyed Majid Taghavi Behbahani Taghavi BehbahaniHezar-O-YekShabis one of Fakhri's fictional works originated in various oriental cultures especially in Iran. This work is very beneficial in terms of teaching, and if it is based on a solid theory, the results obtained from it will be scientifically and documented. In MoreHezar-O-YekShabis one of Fakhri's fictional works originated in various oriental cultures especially in Iran. This work is very beneficial in terms of teaching, and if it is based on a solid theory, the results obtained from it will be scientifically and documented. In this research, the ethical functions of the narrative of "Aladdin AbulShamat" have been explored using the principles of the "Jericho Travel" from Joseph Campbell, in particular the components of "departure" and "intimacy". The reason for choosing this theory was the educational capacity of Campbell's opinion, revealing a new dimension of a literary work in the field of education. The research method is descriptive-analytic. The results of the study show that Aladdin, by inviting a person called MahmoodBalkhi, who is an expression of the old wise, is an adventurous journey and goes individually through the numerous moral tests issued by internal and external factors. The results of these tests, which are presented below, are the following: a sense of worldly affiliation; self-confidence and assurance of their existential capacities; commitment and commitment to fulfill the covenant and promise; avoidance of pride and self-esteem and thinking About yourself; A companion to well-behaved humans; The importance of returning to yourself and respecting the family institution; Removing the blindfolds of ignorance; Understanding the reality of reality; Attending the right people; Gaining useful powers such as dignity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
32 - Studying “Garmabeh- the bathroom” as the threshold level move in the fiction called “the son of the merchant and the city of the voiceless people” in the book entitled “Hasht Behesht- 8 paradises” written by Amir Khosro
Mahbobeh Pouragha Ramin Sadeginejad Maryam MohammadzadehThe narrators of common myths need unknown and strange atmosphere to color their narrations with secrets. This atmosphere can isolate the hero from the real world and joins him to a magical and mythical world which is known as the threshold passage. Undoubtedly one of t MoreThe narrators of common myths need unknown and strange atmosphere to color their narrations with secrets. This atmosphere can isolate the hero from the real world and joins him to a magical and mythical world which is known as the threshold passage. Undoubtedly one of the best places to include the heroes in unknown issues and topics is the bathroom (Garmabeh). The understanding and analysis of such a secret atmosphere is the basic precondition to reveal the myths and to achieve their hidden messages. One of the very useful tools to reveal such issues in myths is the theory of “a single hero journey” posed by Joseph Campbell. The major goal of the present study is to emphasize on the importance of “Garmabeh” as the threshold passage time. In this research, “Garmabeh” in the story called “the son of the merchant and the city of voiceless people” written by Amir Khosro Dehlavi has been analyzed as the threshold passage. The results showed that Amir Khosro has acted very cleverly and successfully in using the secret atmosphere of Garmabeh as the threshold passage and also the comparison of it with pass rituals and triple sections of the traditional bathrooms. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
33 - Analysis and interpretation of the hero's mythology in Kelidar Dowlatābādi , based on Joseph Campbell's theory
Reyhane Faramarzi Kaffash Ali Eshghi Sardehi hasan Delbari Abolqasem AmirahmadiThe myth is the result of thought and belief of mankind and one of the main elements of the construct of the culture and identity of nations. American mythologist, Joseph Campbell presents a similar pattern and structure for all myths of the world. The current paper, us MoreThe myth is the result of thought and belief of mankind and one of the main elements of the construct of the culture and identity of nations. American mythologist, Joseph Campbell presents a similar pattern and structure for all myths of the world. The current paper, using a descriptive, analytical and overview based on Campbell's model, concludes that the the Great Persian novel. Kelidar has a structural epic infrastructure similar to that of the other novels heroic all around the world. A pattern based on which Gol Mohammad, the champion of Kelidar is a human hero who was born again, and departure, initiation and return the level of intuition, perception of sanctity following his own way, approaching the myth heroic status. Dowlatābādi has used myth heroic capacity in narration and structural cohesion as well as creation of new meanings in behavior such as refusal of invitation. Given the type of myth heroic function in Kelidar, it can be said that the work has gone through a superficial approach to the past myths, and has regained and rebuilt them, and has been able to present a time-consistent pattern. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
34 - Passing through the Nine Bisheh of Shahriar-nameh: An Approach Based on Campbell’s Theory of Monomyth
marzieh mashalian leila hashemianJoseph Campbell (1904-1987) was an American mythologist who worked in the field of comparative mythology and religion. The notion of ‘hero’s journey’ was first proposed by Campbell in his book titled ‘The Hero with a Thousand Faces’. Based MoreJoseph Campbell (1904-1987) was an American mythologist who worked in the field of comparative mythology and religion. The notion of ‘hero’s journey’ was first proposed by Campbell in his book titled ‘The Hero with a Thousand Faces’. Based on the structural similarity of all myths, he proposes a fundamental patterns that underlies all mythic narratives. In spite of being subject to cultural and temporal variations, this pattern remains essentially the same. According to his theory of monomyth, the hero leaves his society following an invitation and, having embarked upon a journey, he goes through stages such as the call of the envoy, rejection of invitation, acceptance of invitation, following a guide, passing the threshold, seeking help, test, reward, elixir, and return. Osman Mokhtari’s verse book of ‘Shahriar-nameh’ is a perfect example of hero’s journey. In this story, the hero that represents the will of a nation travels to another country while successfully overcoming numerous obstacles and tests to defeat evil creatures and show the superiority of Iranian wisdom over other nations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
35 - Screening and Optimization of Microextraction of Pb(II) by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Using Response Surface Methodology
Maryam Salahinejad Fereidoon Aflaki -
Open Access Article
36 - Development of a Method for Pb Functionalization and Preparing Immunogenic Complex
Mohammad Khosravi Negar Usefvand Mohammad Reza Tabandeh Masood Ghorbanpoor -
Open Access Article
37 - Designed a Fluorescent Method by Using PbS with Gelatin via Quantum Dots for the Determination of Phenylpropanolamine Drug in Human Fluid Samples
Shirin Bouroumand Farzaneh Marahel Fereydoon Khazali -
Open Access Article
38 - An study of the techniques of convincing addressee in the letters of Imam Ali (peace be upon him) in Naj al-Balāgha (A Case Study of the Letter 45)
Mehdi AbediConvincing addressee has been and still is one of the best means of influence on the other persons. It is an effective figurative device for impact on the addressees. This device enumerated as the basic axis in conveying ideas and realization of goals between the speake MoreConvincing addressee has been and still is one of the best means of influence on the other persons. It is an effective figurative device for impact on the addressees. This device enumerated as the basic axis in conveying ideas and realization of goals between the speaker and addressee through means of convincing and excitement. Firm argumentation and reasoning is one of the distinguished characteristics of this communicative attitude. The present article studies some simple instances of the convincing addressees processes in the sayings of an orator most benefited from this literary device, because his letters are full of material in terms of form, theme and integrity between elements and relations, and the text manifests as an integrate and harmonious whole. This article studies argumentation and convincing addressee in his letter to Oṯmān bin Ḥonaif (one of his appointees) and seeks to study in descriptive-analytic method, how convincing techniques and processes are applied in the structure of this letter. Some of the consequences of the study are: the letter gives the addressee a deep and new attitude and worldview; The letter has an argumentative nature and Imam tries to execute his objectives through convincing and his eloquent language is equipped with several ways. In addition, the writer and sender of the letter sometimes praises and sometimes blames himself within his communicative strategy. According to one of the strategies to communicate with the addressee, the speaker descends from his political and social status to have emotional contact and personal unity. The speaker's simile pictures that are based on various forms lead the addressee to have reaction in discovering shared string between these forms. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
39 - Field Performance of Inlet Liner for Centrifugal Slurry Pump Manufactured by NR/PBR Nanocomposite
Puya Afsharjahanshahi Seyed Yousef Ahmadi-Brooghani Mehdi Raghebi Mohammad Ali Karimi -
Open Access Article
40 - Review and explanation the Role of Rationality in Educating and Upbringing from the Viewpoint of Qur'n
Hossainali jannsary sayyed hossain vaeziThe real religious education from Islam's perspective depends on having rational, scientific, political, and social education. The present research aiming at extracting and explaining rational upbringing's principles, sources, and conditions from Qura'n's viewpoint. The MoreThe real religious education from Islam's perspective depends on having rational, scientific, political, and social education. The present research aiming at extracting and explaining rational upbringing's principles, sources, and conditions from Qura'n's viewpoint. The topic was analysed qualitatively of descriptive- inferential method. Findings of the research have shown that reflecrion or thinking is one of the human's essential features means using thoughts and wisdom to infer the useful, certain, and believable affairs. From the perspective of Qura'n, every thing is kind of devine sign. Just those people who benefit form rationality can understand the real symbolic meaning. Holy Qura'n invites people to think and believe that people's faith and belief is made accordingly. In order to face complex personal and social issues, upbringing such people, who are able to rely on the power of their will and rationality and can think logically and creatively in order to produce knowledge in wiasdom age, is needed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
41 - Substrate Temperature Effect on Photovoltaic Performance of Lead Sulfide (PbS) Nanostructures Deposited by Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) Method
Mohsen Cheraghizade Ramin Yousefi Farid Jamali-Sheini -
Open Access Article
42 - Evaluation of metalloproteinases MMP2 and MMP9 expression in liver of male wistar rats exposure to Lead and N-acetylcysteine
Najmeh Ranji Hadi Habibollahi Reihaneh Kochakinegad Eisa Vefghi Mohammad Mahdi JafarzadehBackground & Aim: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) as MMP2 and MMP9 degrade extracellular matrix. Lead (Pb) is a well-known environmental contaminant which could impair the activity of MMPs. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of N-acetylcysteine, as an MoreBackground & Aim: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) as MMP2 and MMP9 degrade extracellular matrix. Lead (Pb) is a well-known environmental contaminant which could impair the activity of MMPs. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of N-acetylcysteine, as an antioxidant, on the expression of MMP2 and MMP9 genes in the liver of rats exposed with Pb. Materials & Methods: In this study, the 30 male rats were randomly divided into five groups(n=6): 1) control, 2) acute dose of Pb (70 mg/kg), 3) acute dose of Pb (70 mg/kg) + continuous administration of NAC (50 mg/kg), 4) chronic dose of Pb (2 mg/kg), and 5) chronic dose of Pb (2 mg/kg) + continuous administration of NAC (50 mg/kg). Acute dose of Pb was administrated on the first day of study and chronic dose of Pb and Continuous administration of NAC was used every day for 4 weeks as gavage. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining was used to study histopathological changes. The expression of MMP2 and MMP9 genes was evaluated using Quantitative RT-PCR Results: In the liver of rats exposed with Lead (Pb) especially at chronic dose, was observed structural abnormality and increased inflammatory. Q-RT-PCR analysis showed the expression of MMP2a and MMP9 genes increased in Pb exposed liver and decreased in NAC administrated liver after Pb exposure. Conclusion: Our results suggest that NAC can protect the liver of rats through downregulation of metalloproteinases after Pb exposure and decrease inflammation and tissue damage. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
43 - A Fuse-Isolator-Switch Based Protection Scheme for Shipboard Electrical Distribution Systems with Zonal Configuration
Mehdi Mohammadzamani Iman Sadeghkhani Majid MoazzamiThe need for high reliability of modern ships has led to the development of a zonal structure for their electrical distribution systems. One of the most important challenges of the electric distribution systems of modern ships with a zonal structure is their protection MoreThe need for high reliability of modern ships has led to the development of a zonal structure for their electrical distribution systems. One of the most important challenges of the electric distribution systems of modern ships with a zonal structure is their protection in the event of a fault to maintain stability and reliability at an acceptable level. Failure to detect the fault and to isolate the faulty section at the proper time has disastrous consequences for the shipboard electrical system. This paper aims to present an effective protection scheme for all equipment of the hybrid AC/DC distribution system of ships with a zonal structure. In the proposed scheme, protection against single-phase to ground faults is performed using a high-resistance grounding system and timer, while the current of two-phase and three-phase faults is cleared using the fuse-isolator-switches. The use of a high-resistance grounding system allows uninterrupted operation of the ship's electrical system when single-phase to ground faults occur. Due to not using protective relays, the cost of the proposed scheme implementation is low. The proposed protection scheme includes primary and backup protections and does not require communication infrastructure. Also, all equipment of the ship's electrical system including generator, propulsion motor, busbar, feeder, line, load, and direct current system are considered in the proposed scheme. The coordinate operation of the developed protection scheme is assessed on the ETAP simulation model of a test zonal electrical system of the ship. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
44 - Analyzing the Status of Repentance in the Story of the Old Woman and Malekshah in Attar's Tragic Tales Based on Joseph Campbell's Archetype of "the Return of the hero
Masoome RouhaniFard Mehdi Mahouzi Shahin OjaqaliZadeThe mysterious tale of the Old Woman and the Kingdom of AlbArslan in Attar’s MosibatNameh(Tragic Tales in Persian) has a great capacity for various decoding readings. The tale of the Old Woman and Malek Shah can be studied based on Campbell’s theories. One of the approp MoreThe mysterious tale of the Old Woman and the Kingdom of AlbArslan in Attar’s MosibatNameh(Tragic Tales in Persian) has a great capacity for various decoding readings. The tale of the Old Woman and Malek Shah can be studied based on Campbell’s theories. One of the appropriate methods for understanding the mysterious structure of this tale is Campbell’s archetype of the hero’s journey. The hero is evoked to another land and thus starts his journey. In the course of his journey through the world he loses the only property in his life and stands against Malek Shah in an audacious fight and urges him to return the righteous properties of the peasants and finally frightens him of passing the bridge and encountering the grandeur of God. Eventually when the hero attains his rights he prays to God that Malek Shah is forgiven so that he could achieve perfection and maturity. Malek Shah is changed in sleep and returns to his previous status while carrying the Elixir of Life with him so that he could impart it on peasants and friends. In these journeys the trudging hero sets foot on a dangerous journey by answering the call of the albino dean of the kingdom to save the peasants of Iran. After passing various stages of battle, the hero not only succeeds in his mission and gains material blessings, but also attains a kind of self-recognition and spiritual perfection that in addition to being the function of the hero is based on Campbell’s theories on “the hero’s journey” that leads to a change in his land through praying and obeisance to God and by asking for God’s help. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
45 - The Event of Qadir Khom and Theological Aspects in Safavid Paintings
mahnaz shaystefarFrom the point of view of Shiites and Shiite commentators, the event of Qadir Khom and the announcement of the succession of Imam Ali (PBUH) by the Holy Prophet (PBUH) is one of the greatest historical events of the beginning of Islam and beholds a special position part MoreFrom the point of view of Shiites and Shiite commentators, the event of Qadir Khom and the announcement of the succession of Imam Ali (PBUH) by the Holy Prophet (PBUH) is one of the greatest historical events of the beginning of Islam and beholds a special position particularly to substantiate the legitimacy of Amir al-Momenin (PBUH). Among the explanations of the hadith and the narration of Qadir Khom many references have been made to the verses revealed by God in this regard, including the verse of “Tabliq” and the verse of “Akmal”. This event has received exceptional responses due to its prominence and position among Shiites in various fields of art, society, politics and also in the daily life of Muslims. In the meantime, Islamic-Iranian painting has provided the painters with an opportunity to portray and display various stories and themes, specifically sacred and religious themes. Qadir Khom is one of the themes that has been written and illustrated by the order of Shiite and religious rulers and supporters. Most of the paintings obtained from this subject belong to the Safavid manuscripts that follow a unique Shiite approach. Such artworks include the works of Al-Baqiyah, Habib al-Sir, Fal-nameh, the works of Al-Muzaffar, Ahsan al-Kabar, Rozat al-Safa, the attack of Heydari, and the paintings of Master Farshchian. Most of the handwritten drawings from this copy display the event with almost the same description and interpretation of the Qadir hadith in Dasht-e Farakh, nevertheless a number of the drawings behold diverse symbols and concepts; furthermore, they demonstrate the dignity of the Imam's guardianship according to the hadiths, narrations and verses of the holy Qur'an. This article, considering the dignity and status of Imam Ali's (PBUH) guardianship has explained and examined the event of Qadir Khomin the paintings and samples obtained. Research Objectives: 1- Recognizing the dignity and position of Imam Ali (PBUH) in the holy Qur'an and its manifestation in art. 2- Examining Qadir Khom narration in the works of Islamic painting. Research Questions: 1- How many works and manuscripts and with what perspective have depicted the Qadir Khom incident? 2- In what form and approach have such paintings expressed the narration of Ghadir and the guardianship of Imam Ali (PBUH) Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
46 - A Romantic (Poetic) Approach to The Story of Prophet Moses in Mystical Works of the Fifth to Seventh Centuries AH
Saeed Zohrevand Mohsen Hoseini moakhar Mohamadreza Hasanijalilian morteza kermanshahiThe story and personality of divine prophets, based on the explicit version of the Qur'an and traditions, is one of the essential features of Islamic mysticism that has been considered by mystics in different ages. In fact, the outline of romantic love points and experi MoreThe story and personality of divine prophets, based on the explicit version of the Qur'an and traditions, is one of the essential features of Islamic mysticism that has been considered by mystics in different ages. In fact, the outline of romantic love points and experiences with the aim of opening up an epistemological and aesthetic perspective is one of the most important approaches in Islamic Sufism that has been identified with the love school of mysticism. The hidden romance in these stories deals with the most important themes and implications of love, so the purpose of this study is to identify and explain the romantic approach to the story of Moses in mystical works from the fifth to the seventh century AH. In this research, the facts and evidences in mystical works have been studied by descriptive-analytic method. Investigating the evidence and research findings showed that the romantic approach is relatively similar in frequency in both poetic and affective works and in the three centuries studied. From the point of view of the subject, the conversation of God with Prophet Moses and the manifestation of the right to him has been most abundant in dealing with poets and writers Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
47 - Comparing Action and Status of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) with other Prophets in Sharh Al-Taarruf
Samaneh jafari Hassan ShamianSharh Al-Taarruf is one of the works created in the field of Islamic mysticism in Farsi, which was written by Mustamli on Kalabadi’s Al-Taaruf. In this work, in order to explain the views and to explain his principles of thought and theory, Mustamli has put his wo MoreSharh Al-Taarruf is one of the works created in the field of Islamic mysticism in Farsi, which was written by Mustamli on Kalabadi’s Al-Taaruf. In this work, in order to explain the views and to explain his principles of thought and theory, Mustamli has put his work in the intertextual link with the Holy Quran and used the Quranic verses and narrations of the prophets' story. The stories and narratives attributed to the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) are among the most prominent applications in this work, which in most cases are in contrast and compared with the story of other prophets. In this type of application, the comparison is done in two areas of action and status, and the status comparing is more frequent in this work. The writer in Sharh Al-Taarruf is comparing many prophets with Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), which is almost unparalleled with this diversity. The ultimate goal of Mustamli in using this method is to emphasize explicitly or implicitly the superiority and virtue of Prophet Mohammad (PBUH) on other prophets, and thus the superiority of his nation over other nations, rather than to explain the principles and of mysticalism Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
48 - Explaining and Comparing the Image of the Holy Prophet (PBUH) in Two Mystical Texts of Kashf al-Mahjoub and Mersad al-Ebaad
mehdi mohammadi Mohamadreza Beigi Khadije Safari KandsaryThe sublime personality and prophetic character of the Holy Prophet (PBUH) has always been one of the centers of thematic creation and illustration of poets and writers in Persian literature. Especially at the beginning of their speech, after praising the Creator, they MoreThe sublime personality and prophetic character of the Holy Prophet (PBUH) has always been one of the centers of thematic creation and illustration of poets and writers in Persian literature. Especially at the beginning of their speech, after praising the Creator, they paid attention to the glorification of the Prophet, the position of Prophethood, and especially the finality and centrality of his existence in the whole universe. The descriptive-analytical method of the image of the Prophet (PBUH) in the two books of Mersad al-Ebaad and Kashf al-Mahjoub, which are among the most important texts in Persian literature, should be examined and compared. In this regard, showing the superiority of the Great Prophet, the need for more knowledge of that Imam and the expression of the Khaatam and the obsolescence of other religions by the Prophet (PBUH) can be expressed. Like Moses, Abraham, etc., the law of the Prophet, especially the fact that the author of both books is bound to it and the reasons for sending the law of the Prophet and other aspects of its dimensions Characteristic and historical aspects of that Imam, such as being the mediator of creation, ascension, not having a shadow of the Prophet, etc., have been considered from the perspective of Najm Dayah and Hujviri. The results of the research show the special position of the Prophet and his Shari'a in the mystical behavior of both mystics. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
49 - Investigating the Relationship between God (Creator) and the Creature from Imam Ali’s Mystical Viewpoint
Rouhollah jafariGod has a certain relationship with creature which has been profoundly described in some of narrations regarding Imam Ali (AS). Based on the findings of this study, God the Almighty is the origin of the universe and can be found everywhere and the world can be considere MoreGod has a certain relationship with creature which has been profoundly described in some of narrations regarding Imam Ali (AS). Based on the findings of this study, God the Almighty is the origin of the universe and can be found everywhere and the world can be considered as a place for His signs and He surrounds everything. As a result, God the Almighty accompanies objects in manifestation i.e. God does not exist inside objects and simultaneously exists within the universe. It means that God is accompanying the creation and every object, so the living creature is a sign of His presence and existence. Ofcourse, the creatures’ value and position are not equal to that of God i.e. they are not at the same position with God the Almighty to accompany Him.Thus God is unique in His nature, but in His manifestation, He can be found alongwith the creatures. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
50 - Symbology of Old Journey Model in "Bagh-e Seeb
rajab fakh'raeyan seyed ahmad hoseyni kazeronyFolklore legends reflect the culture, tradition and custom of a society.Analyzing these kinds of legends will lead us to the basis of nationbelieves and their view pointsThis research could be considered as an answer to the followingquestionsIs the story of "Bagh-e Seeb MoreFolklore legends reflect the culture, tradition and custom of a society.Analyzing these kinds of legends will lead us to the basis of nationbelieves and their view pointsThis research could be considered as an answer to the followingquestionsIs the story of "Bagh-e Seeb" a symbolic and interpretable legend.And is it comparable with the story of "Hero's Journey" by JosefCampbelWhat symbols and signs are used in "Bagg-e Seeb"?The writer has used an analytical - descriptive style and he benefitsfrom the library sources.In fact "Bagh-e Seeb" is a well-shaped and comparable story with"Hero's Journey". The main character enters an unknown dark world(well), struggles with daemons, lions, dragons and snakes. And at last,benefiting from Simorgh,s help, he comes back to the world of lights. Allthese happenings make the story similar to the myth. The remarkablefrequent using of the holy mysterious figures of "three" and" seven",natural and metaphysical elements, animal and human symbols anddrought and fertility signs show and prove the relationship between ourpredecessors' believes with the verbal literature. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
51 - Implementation of Performance-Based Budgeting Using the Combined Technique of Best-worst Method (BWM) and Robust Optimization
Maryam Bahadori Ghodratallah Taleb nia Mohammad Hossein Ranjbar Mahnaz Barkhordari Ahmadi -
Open Access Article
52 - Khadijah's Interacting with Spouse Style in Three Cultural, Psychological and Behavioral Fields
Reza Baniasadi Maryam Baghrrinejad YazdiThe purpose of the present study was to investigate the interacting with spouse style of Hazrat Khadijah (PBUH) in three cultural, psychological and behavioral fields. The research universe included all the texts and sources related to Hazrat Khadijah (PBUH). The sample MoreThe purpose of the present study was to investigate the interacting with spouse style of Hazrat Khadijah (PBUH) in three cultural, psychological and behavioral fields. The research universe included all the texts and sources related to Hazrat Khadijah (PBUH). The sample of the research was the texts related to the interacting with spouse style of Hazrat Khadijah (PBUH) and the cultural, psychological and behavioral analysis about this contents. This research was descriptive and analytical. Data was collected using documentary and library methods via reviewing the texts on interacting with spouse style of Hazrat Khadijah (PBUH and cultural, psychological and behavioral subjects and note taking on index cards. Then the obtained data were analyzed. The results of the research showed that Hazrat Khadijah (PBUH), the unique lady of Hijaz, acted very admirably in her way of interacting with spouse to the Holy Prophet (PBUH) in three cultural, psychological and behavioral dimensions, and she should be a perfect model not only for all faithful women, but also for absolute all women. She that was taken under consideration of others during her lifetime and after her death, developed the attitude toward matrimony, the impact of age on marriage and non-insisting on luxury in cultural field. On psychological domain she held traits akin love and perception, deep confidence on her spouse and understanding the life difficulties. Also, in the field of behavior, she had characteristics such as chastity, generosity, honoring her spouse, supporting her husband, and creating a safe and relaxing atmosphere at home. Therefore, it could be reported that the use of all these components by women would improve their status with their husbands and, as a result, strengthen the family and achieve common goals. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
53 - Preparation of activated carbon from Pterocarya fraxinifolia and Isotherms and thermodynamics evaluation for Pb (II) sorption
Maryam Ghasemi Yaghob Khosravi-Fard Vida Pashang -
Open Access Article
54 - Analysis of the "Hero's Journey" in Faramarzname epopee on the model of Joseph Campbell
khadijeh Bahrami RahnamaJoseph Campbell influenced by Jung, raised the pattern of "Hero's Journey" in literary criticism. He believes that ancient myths and stories have one structure that the structure is more or less quantifiable in stories.In this structure, he give the three, separation, i MoreJoseph Campbell influenced by Jung, raised the pattern of "Hero's Journey" in literary criticism. He believes that ancient myths and stories have one structure that the structure is more or less quantifiable in stories.In this structure, he give the three, separation, initiation, return steps for the symbolic hero’s trip that it can be examined in Faramarzname epopee. This article by analytical method and in literary criticism attempts for reviewing and explanation of the symbols of mythical and psychological constructive components of Faramarzname epopee in the context of the analysis of the Hero's Journey.The study, to be paid to the antiquity human mind and taking full advantage of the symbols, examined the Campbell's Hero's Journey pattern example with a slightly different structure.The results indicated that the archetype "Faramarz" is the hero’s pattern which traveled to India voluntarily by hearing the voice of the invitation to achieved themselves that is the ultimate goal.He was encountered in the departure with assist symbolic representatives such as Rostam and Bijan. , Talking wolf, Ebullient snake, thirty thousand rhinos, nooshdar and Kidd Hindi which are his inside Shadows .Then, with the passage of rites of passage and freedom from domination mother achieved to Lordship and finally he could brought ultimate blessing for magic people. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
55 - Analysis of Jungian Archetypes Elements of Hero Journey in the Story "Talkhoon" by Samad Behrangi
raheleh abdolahzade borzu mohammad ghaderi moghaddam mohammad reihaniThis study, based on the theory of Joseph Campbell's monolithic theory, analyzes the symbols of the story "Talkhoon" by Samad Behrangi. Campbell, for the mythological heroes' journey, attempts to find individuality, a pattern that has been composed of three main stages MoreThis study, based on the theory of Joseph Campbell's monolithic theory, analyzes the symbols of the story "Talkhoon" by Samad Behrangi. Campbell, for the mythological heroes' journey, attempts to find individuality, a pattern that has been composed of three main stages of departure, initiation and return. Behrangi depicts thedeparture of self-conscious nightingalein the form ofTalkhoon’ssymbolic journey. Ah is a messenger who, through a businessman, invites Talkhoon (self-conscious) to travel. Talkhoon and unconscious (the young man) in the first stage crossing the threshold and before they pass through the road of trials, they get married (magical marriage). With the young death, Talkhoon with the help of Ah who has appeared in the wise old man, begins another journey from the slave market with the messenger and fights with greed and lust dragons through the path of initiation and after kneeling with self-dragon, with chicken feather and water, which is a symbol of the "final blessing" of his journey, returns to revive his unconscious. His return, with the help of the "messenger", shows his freedom going and coming through two self-conscious and unconscious worlds. This symbolic story has much to do with Campbell's theory; with the difference that the meet is done twice. Once before passing through the initiation, and once again successfully passing through the road of trials and after receiving the final blessing. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
56 - Analysis of the "Hero's Journey" in the Amir Arsalan Namdar based on the theory of Joseph Campbell
Neda ReyhaniThe hero is one of the oldest archetypes, and other archetypes are associated with meaning. Therefore, recognizing this archetype is a good guide for receiving and analyzing Campbell's reincarnation theory. In this research, the author intends to study and analyze the n MoreThe hero is one of the oldest archetypes, and other archetypes are associated with meaning. Therefore, recognizing this archetype is a good guide for receiving and analyzing Campbell's reincarnation theory. In this research, the author intends to study and analyze the novel of the Amir Arsalan Namdar based on the theory of Joseph Campbell. Campbell sees life as a journey in which the protagonist must, while being aware of his or her strengths and weaknesses and identifying his or her inner desires and secrets, take individual action. The three main parts of the hero's travel theory are departure (separation), approach (return), and return. The element of travel and during its stages by the hero is one of the central elements of the plot of the story in Amir Arsalan's novel.. Amir Arsalan, with his inner call to join his beloved, fights with Shirgovia, Alhahak Div, Reyhaneh Jado, Fooladzreh Div, and his mother, etc. They take it and lean on the throne of victory and supremacy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
57 - An Analysis into Homay's journey to China in Homay and Homayoun poems by Khaju Kermani based on the ancient theory of the "The Hero's journey" by Joseph Campbell
Parvane fereydooni morteza razaghpoorArt and literature have a special place in Campbell's mythology, which is one of the most important study objects. Single myth is one of the mythological methods in the field of literature and art, both in the field of creation and in the field of understanding. Critics MoreArt and literature have a special place in Campbell's mythology, which is one of the most important study objects. Single myth is one of the mythological methods in the field of literature and art, both in the field of creation and in the field of understanding. Critics turn to a single myth to understand the works created in this way. Campbell has been more involved with literature than any other art. The ancient model of Hero's Journey by Campbell is written on three general lines of narrative- separation, arrival, and return, along with seventeen sub-categories, which ultimately pave the way for the hero's psychological development.The present study is a analytic-comparative study that was conducted in the statistical population of Homay and Homayoun poems, and analyzed Homay's journey to China based on Joseph Campbell's "Hero's Journey" theory. And the result of the study indicates that at the end of the journey, the hero has reached a psychological development and self-knowledge and gained identity. Manuscript profile -
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58 - A Study on Hero’s Metamorphosis in Firdausi’s Shahnameh
Mosayyeb AshkiMythological hero as one of the components of ancient mythology has a significant role in shaping the evolution of the myth’s story. Heroes play a major role in Firdausi’s Shahname (Epic of the Kings) in which the most of the stories in this epic has been b MoreMythological hero as one of the components of ancient mythology has a significant role in shaping the evolution of the myth’s story. Heroes play a major role in Firdausi’s Shahname (Epic of the Kings) in which the most of the stories in this epic has been borrowed from ancient mythological tales. This paper is based on Joseph Campbell the metamorphosis in which heroes in the Shahnameh are examined in terms of Campbell’s Hero’s metamorphosis or change including: The first human being and the hero, the hero infancy, the fighter hero, the lover hero, the dictator empire, the saver hero, and the departure of hero. Results show that metamorphosis or change of epic heroes in Shahname is compatible with Campbell’s theory to some extent, although; it does not match in some points like the lives of heroes which are not depicted from beginning to end. So, not whole life of the hero but some parts of it can be adapted to Campbell's model. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
59 - The Analysis of Nezâmi Ganje'e's Sâghinâmeh and the Real Number of it's Verses
Sayyed Ahmad Parsa Mohammad Azad MazhariSâghinâmeh (bacchanalian verse) is one of the varieties of Persian poetry which has been mostly composed in the form of mathnawi and in bahre motaghâreb mothamman mahzoof, and the poet while addressing sâghi (cupbearer) and the moghanni (singer), MoreSâghinâmeh (bacchanalian verse) is one of the varieties of Persian poetry which has been mostly composed in the form of mathnawi and in bahre motaghâreb mothamman mahzoof, and the poet while addressing sâghi (cupbearer) and the moghanni (singer), he recounts the reasons why he summons them. The aim of the present research is to analyze Nezâmi Ganje'e's Sâghinâmeh in which the reasons for summoning sâghi (cupbearer), the poet's images about wine and drinking it, the real number of verses in Nezâmi's Sâghinâmeh and moghanninâmeh and his motive for composing this kind of poetry will be discussed. The method of study in this paper is the analysis of content, and its supporting evidence has been collected via library research and text analysis. The results demonstrate that it is probable to achieve better understanding of Nezâmi's Sâghinâmeh through this analysis. Manuscript profile -
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60 - Modeling the life of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) in neutralizing economic sanctions
Mohsen Hosseinian Samira SherkatRazaviThe purpose of the following article is to enumerate the main economic harms and threats during the era of the beginning of Islam from the time of the mission of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) to his death, and also his behavior and method of neutralizing economic sanction MoreThe purpose of the following article is to enumerate the main economic harms and threats during the era of the beginning of Islam from the time of the mission of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) to his death, and also his behavior and method of neutralizing economic sanctions. These sanctions, which were carried out according to the library research method of the Holy Quran, traditions, and historical sources, are classified into 3 important sections; All-round economic embargo in the Shi'b Abi Talib, the commercial monopoly of the Quraysh people, and the looting and confiscation of Muslim property by the Quraysh nobles. After the Islamic Revolution of Iran in 1357, the existence of hostility to the name of the Islamic Republic of Iran appeared in the foreign policy decisions of the United States of America, and on the other hand, anti-Americanism and confrontation with authoritarian powers has been an important approach in the foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The ultimate goal of this article is to follow the life of the Holy Prophet (PBUH) and simulate that era to the contemporary era to neutralize the economic sanctions imposed by the colonialist and domineering countries of the West and the world against the Islamic Republic of Iran. Purpose: What was the behavior and method of the Holy Prophet (PBUH) in neutralizing the economic sanctions during the era of Islam from the time of the mission of the Prophet (PBUH) until his death? Methodology: The method of this research, which is a type of basic and theoretical research, is descriptive-analytical, and the method of collecting information is using library documents. In this research, the history of the Holy Prophet (PBUH) in removing economic sanctions by describing and analyzing the verses of the Holy Quran, hadiths, and historical narrations as well as historical reference books is examined, and the context of knowing his actions and their compatibility with contemporary times to neutralize the sanctions and threats It is considered economic. Findings: In this research, economic sanctions were investigated in three important areas, including all-round economic sanctions in the Shi'b Abi Talib, the commercial monopoly of the Quraish people, and confiscation of Muslim property by the Quraish nobles, and the actions of the Prophet (PBUH) and his companions in removing the sanctions that was classified as economic. Conclusion: After examining the data, in the conclusion of this research, it was found that each of the actions of the Holy Prophet (PBUH) to remove the economic sanctions was done for a specific reason and did not focus only on one or more specific dimensions. From communicational-social to economic issues that the Islamic government is facing, it is visible in the economic decisions of the Prophet (PBUH). Manuscript profile -
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61 - Petrography, Geochemistry and Mineralization of Pb in Hezarabad Area (Ashtian)
Alireza Haddadpour Raziyeh Mohammadi Haddi GolzarHezarabad area is located 5 km at south east of Ashtian, Markazi Province. Structurally, the area is located in theUrmia-Dokhtar magmatic belt of Iran. The basement rocks of the area are pelagic limestone, lithic tuffs, andlimestone to sandy limestone, marl, conglomerat MoreHezarabad area is located 5 km at south east of Ashtian, Markazi Province. Structurally, the area is located in theUrmia-Dokhtar magmatic belt of Iran. The basement rocks of the area are pelagic limestone, lithic tuffs, andlimestone to sandy limestone, marl, conglomerate, andesite lava and shale. Andesitic and tuff are the main hostrock of mineralization. The mineralization mostly is vein types in four trends which follow NE-SW trend oflocal faults. The mineralization can be seen also as disseminated, breccia to fills fractures and pore-spaces types.The most important ore minerals are galena, cerosite and sphalerite. The galena is associated mostly barite inlocal faults. The second important mineral is sphalerite which can be seen mostly in tunnels. 40 samples wereanalyzed by Inductive Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) for Pb, Zn, Ag, As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mo,Ni. The data processing indicates high anomaly for Zn and Pb and relatively anomaly for Cu, Ag, As, Mo. Theaverage value of Pb is 34525 ppm and average value of Zn is 6108 ppm. The Mo content is reach up to 1182ppm. According to correlation diagrams, there is a high correlation between Pb and Ag and also Ag and As. Itshows that the galena is the main host of these elements. Manuscript profile -
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62 - Preconcentration of trace amounts of Pb(II) in Varamin waste water samples using modified Multiwall nano tube carbon
Mohammd Yari Ali Moghimi Narges Behzad Elham Pournamdari A simple, sensitive and selective method for exteraction of trace amounts of Pb(II) in water samples based on the adsorption of Multi Wall Carbon NanoTube carboxyl. A new methods technique using a disperse solid phase extraction (DSPE) with Multi Wall Carbo More A simple, sensitive and selective method for exteraction of trace amounts of Pb(II) in water samples based on the adsorption of Multi Wall Carbon NanoTube carboxyl. A new methods technique using a disperse solid phase extraction (DSPE) with Multi Wall Carbon NanoTube carboxyl as sorbent was developed for the preconcentration of trace amounts of Pb(II) inVaramin waste water samples and was determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). Some of the important parameters on the preconcentration and complex formation were selected and optimized. Under the optimized conditions the limit of detection (LOD) and relative standard deviation were 0.070µg.L-1,0.562 µg.L-1 and 0.79% respectively. the proposed method has a good reproducibility 0.81% (RSD %).The enrichment factor was 200 and the percentage of recovery was in the range of 95-100% .The method was successfully applied to the recovery of Pb2+in different type of water samples. of Multi Wall Carbon NanoTube carboxyl in this study is full of potential to use as an excellent adsorbent in the extraction method like solid phase extraction(SPE) and solid phase micro extraction(SPME). Manuscript profile -
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63 - Studying the anecdote: “Roman Merchant’s son and the city of dumbs” written in “Hasht Behesht (Eight Heavens)” by Amir Khosro Dehlavi based on Joseph Campbell’s “The hero’s journey” myth pattern
mahbobeh poraga Dr.ramin sadeginejad Dr.maryam mohammadzadeh Joseph Campbell, American mythologist, according to the viewpoints of Gustave Young, has dealt with hero’s journeys in different cultures and has proposed a pattern for such journeys in his book entitled: “multi-thousand facet hero”. This patter More Joseph Campbell, American mythologist, according to the viewpoints of Gustave Young, has dealt with hero’s journeys in different cultures and has proposed a pattern for such journeys in his book entitled: “multi-thousand facet hero”. This pattern has many sufficiency elements to analyze literary works. The book “Hasht Behesht (Eight Heavens)” by Amir Khosro Dehlavi is one of the works that can be compared with the pattern proposed by Joseph Campbell. The present research has dealt with investigating the anecdote: “Roman Merchant’s son and the city of dumbs” in a book written by Amir Khosro Dehlavi called “Hasht Behesht (Eight Heavens)”. The results showed that there has been a complete correspondence between all elements in this story and the pattern posed by Joseph Campbell except the two elements of “meeting the God or the lady or return to childhood joys” mentioned before the stepping of the hero in “tests’ roads”, reported in introduction and the step: “receipt of help from outside” before the stage called: “passing through the threshold level of heavenly life into the normal world” in the return part which are presented by Campbell as a probable period. Manuscript profile -
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64 - Analysis of the mythological story "Malik Mohammad, Malik Ahmad and Malik Jamshid" based on Joseph Campbell's theory
Marjan Aliakbarzadeh zehtab -
Open Access Article
65 - explanation of aesthetic principles of Khajeh kasiredin tousi and rousseau in children 's artistic training
nehzat safaee seyed ahmad hashemi abas gholtash aliasghar mashinchiThe main purpose of this study is to explain the aesthetic concept of the thoughts of Khajeh kasiredin tousi and Rousseau in the education of children. the method used in order to collect information is a library. the result obtained from the present study suggests that MoreThe main purpose of this study is to explain the aesthetic concept of the thoughts of Khajeh kasiredin tousi and Rousseau in the education of children. the method used in order to collect information is a library. the result obtained from the present study suggests that artistic training is one of the important elements in the development of child as one of the most important classes of society. Accordingly, the cover - up of artistic training with Western and Western thinkers like Rousseau and Khajeh kasiredin tousi Tusi led to the collection of manners, edification, and artistic morals of the two world poles in education of children, and is used as a strong pattern in the education of education and education. It is therefore necessary to educate the children of education on the type of education and try to educate and train children with the axis of art and beauty (and not the set of traditional and pre - determined educational patterns) to make a sustainable society based on the ethics and humanity of the children. Manuscript profile -
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66 - The Correlation between IQ profiles, profiles of mental health and Upbringing profiles among fifth grade students
SHohreh SHokrzadeh کامبیز Kamkari جمال SadeghiIn this study, the correlation between IQ profile, lateral profile of mental health and Upbringing among fifth grade elementary school students and discusses the main research question thus becomes whether the intelligence profile and the profile of mental health pr MoreIn this study, the correlation between IQ profile, lateral profile of mental health and Upbringing among fifth grade elementary school students and discusses the main research question thus becomes whether the intelligence profile and the profile of mental health profiles Upbringing fifth grade elementary school students is effective? Population study to all elementary school fifth grade students who comprise the sampling method, 70 of these students (40 boys and 30 girls) from six regions of Tehran were selected. Measurement tool in mental health profile questionnaire study and breeding profiles are both good validity and reliability of the questionnaire (higher than 0/85) are entitled. It is necessary to, the questionnaires were collected by using multivariate ANOVA model to test the research questions were addressed and ultimately results showed that no significant correlation in 0/01 = between IQ profiles with profiles and profile of mental healthα breeding there. Thus the correlation between IQ profiles were identified with mental health profiles that intelligent students from depression and mental disorders have higher. Also, the correlation between IQ profiles with profiles of breeding was observed that the amount of intelligent students, cooperation, responsibility, empathy, and Self Disciplinarian, Self Actualization other students with higher IQ levels (medium low and medium), enjoy. Manuscript profile -
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67 - The cultural representatives of the Prophet (PBUH) and their function in the scope of theProphet (PBUH) invitation by turning to the event of migration to Abyssinia
arsalan ilka mohsen heydarnia saber adakOne of thereasons for theProphet's success (PBUH ) during the invitation is the accuracy of the Prophet's opinion in selecting worthy cultural representatives who have played an important role in thedevelopment and consolidation of that invitation. Components such as th MoreOne of thereasons for theProphet's success (PBUH ) during the invitation is the accuracy of the Prophet's opinion in selecting worthy cultural representatives who have played an important role in thedevelopment and consolidation of that invitation. Components such as the character of theProphet (PBUH ), theimportance of theQur'an, mission, harsh and violent reactions of theignorant community and such، It paved the way for the cultural activities of the early centuries of themission to fade and become less of a research focus. The present article uses the Sources of the house book by providing historical evidence and data and descriptive and analytical methods, following the study and answer to the question of the role of thecultural representatives of theProphet (PBUH ) in inviting the doctrine of religious ، Theway and self-sacrifice in Ingstre is somewhat independent. Based on the findings of this search, the method of functioning of the cultural representatives of the Prophet (PBUH ) Although it has thesame characteristics, its differences depend on the elements, part of which is related to thegeneral nature of the invitation، The influence of individuals on the character of the Prophet(PBUH) was and others were linked to the psychological components of the representatives in the area of individual creativity. In particular, theresearch examined the manner of action of Jafar ibn Abi talb as a representative of the Prophet (PBUH ) incourt, and his individual initiative and creativity in dialogue and showing the difference between beliefs and customs of ignorance, Christianity and Islam، Represented. Manuscript profile -
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68 - Psychological war of the Jews against the Prophet (PBUH & HP assured)
maryam aghaee naemeh movahedi"Psychological warfare" is always a way to influence the psyche of the enemy and he is used to overcome. psychological ploy against the Prophet and of where it is important that the Prophet can provide us with the wise positions well to learn from history and to know h More"Psychological warfare" is always a way to influence the psyche of the enemy and he is used to overcome. psychological ploy against the Prophet and of where it is important that the Prophet can provide us with the wise positions well to learn from history and to know how to deal with the enemy This article introduces the various psychological methods and approach the Prophet's actions has been Manuscript profile -
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69 - Issues and Evidence of Expediency in the Holy Prophets foreign policy
ali salmanporRecognizing expediency in issues and applying them as a natural behavior in the rational choice model is considered essential and inevitable in human life. Besides spiritual and religious development, the Holy prophet aimed at managing every day life and current issues MoreRecognizing expediency in issues and applying them as a natural behavior in the rational choice model is considered essential and inevitable in human life. Besides spiritual and religious development, the Holy prophet aimed at managing every day life and current issues correctly. Therefore, ample evidence support his being expedient, recognizing the essentials and realistic . According to Ghazali, this keeps religion, lives , rationality race and wealth safe, which is every ones responsibility not to waste any of them or part of each. Evidence of the Holy Prophets expediency can be seen both in war and peace, both in Mecca and Medine, and also in souch issues such as Yomodar invitation, immigration to Habashe, Tayef journey, immigration to Medine, Hodaybie peace treaty, encouraging Muslims, etc can be clearly seen. These issues and related considerations are the main focus of the present study as seen essential, enough discussion has been provided Manuscript profile -
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70 - Imam Reza’s (PBUH) political reactions to his contemporary crises
amir akbariImam Reza’s (PBUH) period was one of the most challenging political and cultural periods. Division in the Abbassid government, conflict between Amin And Mamon,Alavians’ riot, and Imam’s being invited to Khorasan needed Imam’s special decision to MoreImam Reza’s (PBUH) period was one of the most challenging political and cultural periods. Division in the Abbassid government, conflict between Amin And Mamon,Alavians’ riot, and Imam’s being invited to Khorasan needed Imam’s special decision to counter the crises. Imam’s being invited to Khorasan and offering him heir to Caliphate was one of the unprecedented events during the Abassid’s era and was a turning point in Shiite’s history. The issue of heir to Caliphate and Imam’s presence in Khorasan called for special political measures on the part of Imam. Imam’s cultural mission was realized in the form of debates, which made his measures against the most intelligent Abbassid Caliphate, Mamon, effective. Imam advised Mamon to move to Baghdad to reestablish security and social cohesion. Such measures, which showed Imam’s prudence, are of the distinguishing features of his period. Manuscript profile -
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71 - A study on the reasons of changing Caliphate center from Medina to Kufa (35-40 A.H)
Ali Akbar KhadrizadehThe necessity for moving center of Islamic Caliphate is among those subjects which always mattered during different period of Islamic history and follow-ed by important effects. Changing the center of Islamic Caliphate from Medina – as the first Islamic government MoreThe necessity for moving center of Islamic Caliphate is among those subjects which always mattered during different period of Islamic history and follow-ed by important effects. Changing the center of Islamic Caliphate from Medina – as the first Islamic government capital – to newly established city of Kufa, is considered one of the most important events of highness Ali (peace be upon him) Caliphate period. This alteration played an important role in shaping political events between 35 to 40 A.H. This city established in 17 A.H during Omar Caliphate, used as a military base and logistic center to make sure Arab achievements in Iran would continue, but eventually by increasing emigration of Arab tribes, Kufa became an important effective center in political and cultural affairs and served this special place during the Caliphate of highness Ali (PBUH) and Umayyad dynasty. On this basis, the article tries to survey briefly the reasons of changing Caliphate center from Medina to Kufa. Manuscript profile -
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72 - A survey on the factors affecting the adoption of online banking as a result of the integration of technology acceptance model and the theory of planned behavior on perceived risk and perceived usefulness
Mansoure Sadeqi Hormoz MehraniThe objective of this study is to investigate the factors affecting technology acceptance model with a model on the theory of planned behavior in order to predict and explain behavioral intentions of customers towards the adoption of online banking. The present research MoreThe objective of this study is to investigate the factors affecting technology acceptance model with a model on the theory of planned behavior in order to predict and explain behavioral intentions of customers towards the adoption of online banking. The present research is applied objectively, descriptive in terms of implementation and a survey and correlation study in terms of the type of research. The statistical population includes all customers of all Mellat Bank branches in Gorgan city in 2014 that had used online banking. A sample consisting of 384 people was selected using stratified random sampling method. The data collection tool is questionnaire. The validity of questionnaire was determined using content validity method and the reliability was verified by Cronbach's alpha method. According to the data analysis, the results indicate that all hypotheses related to the technology acceptance model and the theory of planned behavior were confirmed and all hypotheses of perceived risk theory weren't confirmed except (hypothesis 8, b) and (hypothesis 12, b). Manuscript profile -
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73 - A Public Bicycle Sharing System Considering Renting and Middle Stations
Behzad Maleki Vishkaei Iraj Mahdavi Nezam Mahdavi-Amiri Esmaile Khorram -
Open Access Article
74 - The role of personality traits of Asia in the decline of Pharaoh's rule
Ahmad Amiri Ahad davari chelaghaeiThe Holy Qur'an considers women as influential in the destiny of society as men, so it mentions some of their characteristics and enumerates some of their doctrinal, moral and behavioral points. It narrates a sensitive and influential stage of her life that shows the im MoreThe Holy Qur'an considers women as influential in the destiny of society as men, so it mentions some of their characteristics and enumerates some of their doctrinal, moral and behavioral points. It narrates a sensitive and influential stage of her life that shows the important role of women in socio-political issues. The present study seeks to explain the role of personality traits in the decline of Pharaoh's rule and the victory of Prophet Moses (pbuh) by analyzing the verses related to the Prophet (pbuh) and using historical, narrative and interpretive sources. Findings show that Hazrat Asiya (PBUH) was the instrument of realization of the divine will in saving the life of Moses (PBUH) and had an active and insightful presence in the socio-political arenas and as one of the closest people to Pharaoh, with faith in Moses (PBUH) ), Has broken the majesty of Pharaoh and is a model for all men and women of his time and later ages, in free thinking and intellectual independence and not being affected by environmental corruption. Manuscript profile -
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75 - قابلیت قیاس آزمون نگارش کامپیوتری و ورقهای تست PET در بین زبانآموزان ایرانی
محمد محمدی مسعود برزگران تکنولوژی کامپیوتر به طراحان آزمون این امکان را داده است که بتوانند نسخه کامپیوتری آزمونهای سنتی ورقه ای را بوجود آورند. نسخه های جدید تستهای TOEFL and Cambridge IELTS, BULATS, KET, PET نمونه های خوبی از آزمونهای کامپیوتری هستند. از آنجا که این شیوه نوین آزمون می ت More تکنولوژی کامپیوتر به طراحان آزمون این امکان را داده است که بتوانند نسخه کامپیوتری آزمونهای سنتی ورقه ای را بوجود آورند. نسخه های جدید تستهای TOEFL and Cambridge IELTS, BULATS, KET, PET نمونه های خوبی از آزمونهای کامپیوتری هستند. از آنجا که این شیوه نوین آزمون می تواند فاکتورهای تعیین کننده جدیدی از قبیل روش (رسانه) ارائه آزمون، آشنایی با کامپیوتر و غیره را وارد مقوله سنجش زبان کند، این سوال ممکن است پیش بیاید که آیا دو روش آزمون کامپیوتری و ورقه ای بطور قابل مقایسه ای یک توانایی را می سنجند، و آیا می توان نمرات بدست آمده از این دو روش را بعنوان معادل یکدیگر بکار برد؟ در همین راستا تحقیق حاضر قابلیت قیاس نسخه های کامپیوتری و ورقه ای یک آزمون نگارش را بررسی می کند تا مشخص کند که آیا روش (رسانه) ارائه آزمون و نیز میزان آشنایی با کامپیوتر می تواند تغییری نا مرتبط با توانایی مد نظر ( توانایی نگارش) را در نمرات ایجاد کند. داده های این تحقیق از برگزاری بخش نگارش آزمون PET در دو روش کامپیوتری و ورقه ای با 80 نفر زبان آموز ایرانی سطح متوسط بدست آمد. بعلاوه، با استفاده از یک پرسشنامه معتبر آشنایی با کامپیوتر، زبان آموزان به دو گروه "بیش آشنا" و " کم آشنا" با کامپیوتر تقسیم شدند. نتایج آزمون t گروههای مستقل نشان داد که از لحاظ آماری تفاوت معناداری بین نمرات زبان آموزان در آزمون نگارش کامپیوتری و ورقه ای وجود ندارد. نتایج آزمون t گروههای وابسته نیز حاکی از این بود که در در آزمون نگارش کامپیوتری از لحاظ آماری تفاوت معناداری بین نمرات زبان آموزان "بیش آشنا" و " کم آشنا" با کامپیوتر وجود ندارد. بر اساس نتایج تجزیه و تحلیل داده ها و نیز بررسی میزان همبستگی نمرات در دو روش کامپیوتری و ورقه ای اینگونه نتیجه گیری شد که این دو روش (رسانه) ارائه آزمون بطور قابل مقایسه ای یک توانایی را می سنجند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
76 - Accumulation of Pb and Cd in tissue of leek (Allium ampeloprasum persicum) and peppermint (Mentha piperita) treated with sewage sludge of Qods town’s treatment plant, Tehran
سهیل Sobhanardakani مهدی Habibi آزیتا BehbahaniniaThis study was carried out to investigate the accumulation of Pb and Cd in tissue of leek (Allium ampeloprasum persicum) and peppermint (Mentha piperita) treated with municipal sewage sludge of Qods town’s treatment plant, Tehran. For this purpose, after soil prep MoreThis study was carried out to investigate the accumulation of Pb and Cd in tissue of leek (Allium ampeloprasum persicum) and peppermint (Mentha piperita) treated with municipal sewage sludge of Qods town’s treatment plant, Tehran. For this purpose, after soil preparation, sampling of sewage sludge and assessment of the physicochemical properties of the samples, leek and peppermint plants were divided as treatment and control groups. Afterwards, using ICP-OES the concentrations of Pb and Cd were determined in the tissues of peppermint and leek. Results showed that the concentration (mean ± SD) of Pb in the control and treatment groups was 0.26±0.08 and 0.55±0.16 mg/kg, respectively. Pb concentration in peppermint samples was estimated as 0.26±0.06 and 2.41±0.79 mg/kg for control and treatment group, respectively. Moreover, the mean concentration of Cd in control and treatment groups of leek was 0.083±0.003 and 0.26±0.05 mg/kg and for peppermint 0.057±0.002 and 0.14±0.02 mg/kg, respectively. Comparative evaluation of the evaluated treatments showed that except for Cd in leek and peppermint treatment samples, the mean concentrations of Pb and Cd in both vegetables were significantly lower than EPA permissible limits for human consumption. The results of this study indicated that for reducing the health risks of long-term use of sewage sludge as fertilizer, further monitoring should be performed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
77 - Observation of Urban Management Concepts of the Holy Prophet Mohammad (PBUH) in the city of Medina, the Splendid Manifestation of Urban Management in Islamic cities
Hassan Sattari Sarbangholi Hossein ZabihiThe Holy Prophet (PBUH) has been introduced as a good example and eternal Paradigm of the human societies, especially in Islamic societies.His urban management concepts in Medina can be used in urban designing and programming in contemporary Islamic cities. Consulting t MoreThe Holy Prophet (PBUH) has been introduced as a good example and eternal Paradigm of the human societies, especially in Islamic societies.His urban management concepts in Medina can be used in urban designing and programming in contemporary Islamic cities. Consulting the Islamic texts and sources and a true understanding of the Holy Prophet’s practical concepts of urban management in Medina can lead us to understand and reach the paradigms and concepts of urban management in today's societies. In this paper, we try to investigate the Holy Prophet’s most important teachings and concepts of urban management in Medina, which can be used and referred to as a paradigm and splendid manifestation of urban management in Islamic cities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
78 - Sociological Influence of Family Upbringing Patterns on Couples' Common Life Relationships and Behaviors
Esmaeil Pouladi Esmaeil Jahanbakhsh Asghar Mohammadi -
Open Access Article
79 - Effective Socio-Economic Factors on the Increase of the Youth Marriage Age
Golmorad Moradi Mohsen Safarian -
Open Access Article
80 - Prediction of forging force and barreling behavior in isothermal hot forging of AlCuMgPb aluminum alloy using artificial neural network
hamidreza Rezaei Ashtiani p shahsavari -
Open Access Article
81 - Assessment of effect different levels of CuSo4 and Pb(NO3)2 on seed germination and growth of Agropyron trichophrum
mehrnoosh parsa Saeedi Goraghany Hamid Reza Ali Asghar HashemiAbstract The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of different levels of Cu and Pb on seed germination and growth of Agropyron trichophrum species under laboratory conditions. In order to evaluate the effect of these factors on germination and growth of Agr MoreAbstract The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of different levels of Cu and Pb on seed germination and growth of Agropyron trichophrum species under laboratory conditions. In order to evaluate the effect of these factors on germination and growth of Agropyron trichophrum seeds of these two tests in a completely randomized design with five treatments (0, 20, 50, 100 and 150 ppm) of salinity and drought in four replications. The study of germinated seeds per day, percentage and germination rate and growth rate is calculated by measuring was determined whether Radicle length, Plumble length Alomtric and Seed vigor. For statistical analysis of data from different characteristics of germination and early growth of SPSS20software. In this study, analysis of variance was used to compare the averages Duncan method. The results showed that different concentrations of copper sulfate (CuSo4) and lead nitrate (Pb(NO3)2) the index of germination and growth of seeds Agropyron trichophrum species have significantly different treatments with increasing concentrations of copper, germination present, Radicle length, Plumble length Alomtric and Seed vigor of plants or reduced. Also, none of the elements lead and copper had no significant effect on the Alomtric index and low concentrations of these elements are not the limiting factor for the growth of this species Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
82 - The effects of lead pollution on the growth parameters, protein content, sugars, and anatomical structure in Medicago sativa L.
سارا Saadatmand حمید Fahimi AR AlaeddiniIn this investigation, the effects of various concentrations of Pb(NO3)2 (0.25–0.5–1–2mM) on the growth parameters in Medicago sativa L. were studied. The Treatment period was 20 days and the end of this period, the length, dry weight, and fresh weight MoreIn this investigation, the effects of various concentrations of Pb(NO3)2 (0.25–0.5–1–2mM) on the growth parameters in Medicago sativa L. were studied. The Treatment period was 20 days and the end of this period, the length, dry weight, and fresh weight of roots and shoots, leaves area, microscopically observation, accumulation of lead in roots and shoots, determination of soluble and insoluble sugars, total proteins and profile of proteins by SDS-PAGE, measured and studied. The statistical studies were carried out by SPSS software and variance analysis (ANOVA) and Duncan test. The results showed that lead toxicity decreased significantly roots and shoots length, leaves area, dry and fresh weight and in the high concentration of Pb+2, lignin biosynthesis and fiber were increased. Analyzing of lead content in the roots and shoots by atomic absorption indicated that, the lead absorption excess by increasing level of lead in treatments. When the concentration of lead increased, the amount of soluble sugars in shoots and roots were decreased whereas insoluble sugars in shoots were increased but in roots were decreased. By increasing lead in treatment both in shoots and roots, the total protein increased. The profile of proteins by SDS-PAGE showed some changes as compared with control plants. This research indicated that the Medicago sativa L. is a heavy metal tolerant plant and absorbed high level of lead from soil and accumulated in roots and shoots tissues. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
83 - Evaluation antioxidant activity and phytochemical constituents of the fruit of raspberry (Rubus ulmifolius sub sp. sanctus) collected from Khan-Daracy area of Orumieh
shirin Rahmanzadeh Ishkeh Mohammadreza asghari habib shirzad Abolfazl AlirezaluThe raspberry (Rubus ulmifolius subsp. Sanctus) is the perennial shrub in the genus Rubus of the Rosacea family. It is a medicinal and edible fruit throughout much of Khandaracy region of Urmia. Raspberry fruits are most important in food and medicinal sciences due to t MoreThe raspberry (Rubus ulmifolius subsp. Sanctus) is the perennial shrub in the genus Rubus of the Rosacea family. It is a medicinal and edible fruit throughout much of Khandaracy region of Urmia. Raspberry fruits are most important in food and medicinal sciences due to their excellent antioxidant activity and various flavonoids and proanthocyanin content. In this research, after harvesting fruits from the Khandaracy region of Urmia in the late summer, pH level by pH meter, organic acids by titration with 0.1 molar NaOH, Soluble solids using a refractometer, total phenolic content (by using Folin–Ciocalteu assays), total flavonoid content (aluminum chloride method), antioxidant capacity by two methods (DPPH and FRAP), total anthociyanin content (pH differential method), L-phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and (guaiacol peroxidase) G-POD enzymes were determined. The results showed that level pH, organic acids and soluble solids were respectively 3.13, 1.14, 12.6, also values of total phenol content, total flavonoid, antioxidant activity and total anthocyanin content were 26.44 mg GAE.ml-1 Extract, 1.99 mg Qu. ml-1 extract, 55.29 % and 63.78 cyanidin-3-glucoside ml-1 Extract respectively. The results of this study showed that raspberry fruit has high content of polyphenol compounds and has significant antioxidant activity, so it can be used in food and pharmaceutical industries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
84 - Removal of Pb(II) Ion by Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Prepared by Annealing at Two Different Temperature
Aliakbar Dehno Khalaji Marketa Jarosova Pavel Machek Michal Dusek -
Open Access Article
85 - Non-Linear Control of Quasi-Z-Source Inverter with Battery for Renewable energy Systems Based on Interconnection-Damping-Assignment Passivity-Based Control
Gholam Reza Shahabadi Majid Reza Naseh Siavash EshaghiDue to the growing popularity of renewable energy sources, grid-connected inverters are becoming more and more common in distributed microgrid and smart-grid system. The appropriate characteristics of Quasi-Z-source inverters (QZSI), including continuous input current, MoreDue to the growing popularity of renewable energy sources, grid-connected inverters are becoming more and more common in distributed microgrid and smart-grid system. The appropriate characteristics of Quasi-Z-source inverters (QZSI), including continuous input current, common DC rail, and high voltage gain, have made these inverters widely used in the renewable energy system. A battery is necessary for renewable energy systems in order to store energy when the demand for power is low. IN this study a configuration involving a battery across one of the capacitors on the DC side is proposed, through which the DC control loop is adjusted. Also, Interconnection-Damping-Assignment Passivity-Based Control (IDA-PBC)approach has been used to adjust the battery current/voltage and the output voltage. Compared to other controllers, the proposed controller can provide faster response and better stability for QZSI when the variation of input and load. In addition, the proposed controller is not sensitive to the system’s initial operating point and is global asymptotic stability. The simulations and theoretical design show the effectiveness of the proposed controller. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
86 - Location of the Kufa Mosque in Islamic Civilization
Abbas Ali farahati Mahboubeh saterComprehensive mosques of some cities, since the early days of Islam and beyond, have been very active not only in the field of worship but in all aspects of educational, cultural, political, social and economic dimensions. All these dimensions and functions led to the e MoreComprehensive mosques of some cities, since the early days of Islam and beyond, have been very active not only in the field of worship but in all aspects of educational, cultural, political, social and economic dimensions. All these dimensions and functions led to the emergence of Islamic civilization in Muslim mosques, and mosques, especially comprehensive mosques, were the first base for the growth and development of this universal civilization. The most important function of the mosque is its scientific and educational function as the most important pillar of the birth and uplift of a genuine civilization, and this article deals with it more than other functions. The mosque is the most elementary and most important center for the dissemination of various sciences and has played an important role in the formation of Islamic civilization. Meanwhile, the Grand Mosque of Kufa is also due to its scientific comprehensiveness and the perception of the presence of such professorsAmir al-Mu'minin Imam Ali-Uq, Imam Baqer-e-Um and Imam Sadeq-u and their followers and students of these Imams Hemam, the center for the dissemination of science and education, have played an unquestionable role in the flourishing of the sciences and the flourishing of Islamic civilization. And its significance, it's enough to bring the city of Kufa, after Mecca and Medina, to the third scientific-Islamic centerThe present study seeks to prove the position of the Kufa mosque and its key role in Islamic civilization Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
87 - The Formation Process of Year of Arbitration (Sanah Al-Wofūd) and its Outcomes
Ahmad Rezaeiniya Mostafa Naseri Rad Hossein Ghadami Boshra DelrishThe constant and difficult promotion of Islam in Mecca by the Prophet of Islam (PBUH); and migration to Medina, deployment of army for Badr and Ahzab wars, conquering of Mecca, fight against the Roman Empire in the form of the battles of Mote and Tabuk, and some other t MoreThe constant and difficult promotion of Islam in Mecca by the Prophet of Islam (PBUH); and migration to Medina, deployment of army for Badr and Ahzab wars, conquering of Mecca, fight against the Roman Empire in the form of the battles of Mote and Tabuk, and some other things gradually guided the near and far tribes of the peninsula to adopt positions towards Islam and each of them somehow realized the power of Islam. These ups and downs and factors caused various tribes, including Banū Thaqīf, Banū Tamīm, Bani Assad and other tribes, which are also mentioned up to one hundred tribes, to go to Medina to reconcile and understand the emerging power of Islam. The present article aims to explicate the following cases under the title of the process of Sanah Al-Wofūd’s formation and its outcomes: A) Although the rapid flow of ambassadors from different tribes in Medina is related to the consequences of the fall of Mecca in the eighth year of AH and the campaign of Tabuk, its preparations were made at least from the fifth year of AH with the arrival of the ambassadors of Bani Assad. B) Generally, the Islamization of different tribes through the presence of ambassadors and their elders in Medina had benefits such as recognizing some property, ensuring the security of these tribes against hostile tribes, and establishing the leadership of the chiefs of these tribes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
88 - Investigating and Explaining the Position of Khadijeh (s) in the Words of the Prophet (PBUH) and the narrations of Imams (PBUH(
Esmaeil Sakha amirteymour rafiei keyvan loloie sh.Hasan quorishiThis study aims to give a brief overview of the position of Khadijeh from the perspective of the Prophet and narrations, because she is one of the most prominent women of the time along with Maryam bint Imran, Asiya bint Mazahem, Pharaoh's wife, and her daughter Hazrat MoreThis study aims to give a brief overview of the position of Khadijeh from the perspective of the Prophet and narrations, because she is one of the most prominent women of the time along with Maryam bint Imran, Asiya bint Mazahem, Pharaoh's wife, and her daughter Hazrat Fatima. The daughter of Muhammad has been recognized and introduced as the master of women in this world and the hereafter. Therefore, in this article, we have tried to use the words of the Messenger of God and the narrations of the Imams to give a glimpse into the position and greatness of this lady that God Almighty praises the angels several times a day because of her. To be paid.This research includes several questions, how did the Messenger of God introduce Khadija in different cases? And how did the Imams of the Infallibles take pride in the existence of Khadijeh? The findings of this research, using the library method in an analytical-descriptive manner, refer to some narrations from the point of view of the Messenger of God and the Imams regarding the worldly and otherworldly status of Khadijeh. Or deals with their irrationality, in this article it is specified that according to the statements of the Prophet (PBUH) and the Infallibles, the position and position of Khadijeh is higher than all women and other wives of Muhammad and It has been more valuable. Because their economic, social and political contributions to the spread of Islam have remained throughout history Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
89 - A look at the method of raising children in the mirror of Hazrat Fatemeh Zahra's behavior and words.
mohamad reza tayeb Abdolaziz Movahed ghafar porbakhtiarThe present abstract is a manifestation of the methods of raising children by Hazrat Fatimah (PBUH), which is in accordance with the divine and Quranic commands, as well as being modeled after the way of the Holy Prophet (PBUH). Therefore, the methods of raising childre MoreThe present abstract is a manifestation of the methods of raising children by Hazrat Fatimah (PBUH), which is in accordance with the divine and Quranic commands, as well as being modeled after the way of the Holy Prophet (PBUH). Therefore, the methods of raising children of that lady are a model for raising children. Well, this research was compiled using historical methods and based on descriptive and analytical methods and based on library information, and it answers this question, what was the source of educational principles in the words and actions of Hazrat Fatimah (PBUH)? Hypothesis It is mentioned in this research that the method of Hazrat Fatimah (PBUH) in the House of Revelation, the influence of that lady from the words of revelation and the educational method of her honorable father and honorable mother made her succeed as a mother in raising her children, the achievement of our research guides us that Hazrat Fatima (pbuh) as a wife and mother practically became a correct educational model for her children, which later we will see the result of this education in her children's lives. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
90 - A review of the prayers and lamentations of the saints in Mohammad Chehri’s poetry
مسعود باوان بوری wahid sajadifar نرگس لرستانیReligious literature is one of the literary genres which has been less considered, while it has been prevalent in almost all religions and languages. In this genre, the poet shows his special regards to figures of his religion. Karbalayei Mohammad Chehri, a contemporary MoreReligious literature is one of the literary genres which has been less considered, while it has been prevalent in almost all religions and languages. In this genre, the poet shows his special regards to figures of his religion. Karbalayei Mohammad Chehri, a contemporary poet of Harsin (around Kermanshah), has paid special attention to Imam Ali (PBUH), Hazrat Fatima (PBUH) and Imam Hussain (PBUH) in his poems. The poet has expressed his regards to these figures, and has composed poems in their praise or eulogy and integrated them into his poetry. The poet has some poems in eulogy of the martyrs of the uprising standing of fifteenth of Khordad, and the city of Khomein, etc. This paper attempts to examine the poet's religious verses and his eulogy of Shiite religious leaders using analytical-descriptive method and the collections. The results showed special attitude of the poet about the Ashura and the hostile events happening that day. The reason of this eulogy is martyrdom of Imam Hussain (PBUH) and his family and his loyal companions. His lamentations were found to be much more than his eulogies, reflecting his love of these noble characters and his sorrow about the tragedy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
91 - The Analysis of Religious factors in Bakhtiyari's Folk Poems
Hamid Rezaei Ebrahim Zaheri AbdvandFolk poem plays an important role in representing and internalizing the identity, especially religious identity in Bakhtiyari's culture. In this research, the religious factors in folk poems of Bakhtiari people (nursery, lyric, poems related to wedding and mournin MoreFolk poem plays an important role in representing and internalizing the identity, especially religious identity in Bakhtiyari's culture. In this research, the religious factors in folk poems of Bakhtiari people (nursery, lyric, poems related to wedding and mourning) were analyzed through descriptive-analytical method to indicate the image of reflected religious components in these poems and the function of these concepts in Bakhtiari's culture. Also, it has been investigated that religious components are more reflected in which of these poems, and what kind of difference is seen in this regard. The name of God, Prophet (PBUH), Imam Ali, and Imam Reza, Imams descendants, Resurrection, Pilgrimage, Kaaba, Mashhad, Karbala, Prayer, Quran, and prayer sign are among the most important religious components represented in these poems. The results of the study showed that in the nursery rhyme, first the child acquaints with the qualities of God indirectly and the kid is taught in order to solve problems, he/she must trust in God and resort to the Prophet and Imams. In the poems related to the wedding, the religious beliefs of the bride and groom are presented and the God and the Imams are the remedy to disasters. The most diversity and reflection of religious components can be found in mourning. In this type, either the religious beliefs of the decedent are talked or they ask God to solve the problems and illnesses of the deceased people. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
92 - The study of epic themes of Shah Ismaeil and Golzar’s story regarding the analytic psychology of Jung and Campbell’s unique myth theory
Atikeh Rasmi Sakineh RasmiThe story of "Shah Ismail and Golzar" is one of the collections of "Ashiqlar" stories and is influenced by the story of Shah Ismail Safavi and one of the most famous stories of Azerbaijan. The hero and his horse "Qamardai" were born with the mythical apple and the praye MoreThe story of "Shah Ismail and Golzar" is one of the collections of "Ashiqlar" stories and is influenced by the story of Shah Ismail Safavi and one of the most famous stories of Azerbaijan. The hero and his horse "Qamardai" were born with the mythical apple and the prayer of the poor man. The hero grows up away from real life in a dark world, but in adolescence, he is called to individuality by stepping into a bright world in order to find the talent for individualism. This story is very rich in archetypes and mythological themes, and therefore corresponds to all stages of the hero's journey, except "refusal to return", and on the other hand, it has given that popular literature was a manifestation of archetypes, five key archetypes. Jung Analytical Psychology, that is, the self, the anima, the animus, the shadow and the mask fully reflected in it. This article analyzes mythology and psychoanalysis while classifying the elements of the story in the Arne-Thompson method in a descriptive-analytical way. Manuscript profile -
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93 - Prediction of Heusler Alloys with Giant Magnetocaloric Effect using Machine-Learning
Tasnim Gharaibeh Pnina Ari-Gur Elise de Doncker -
Open Access Article
94 - Historical Explanation of the Character and Social Behavior of the Wives of the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) (With an Emphasis on the Holy Qur’an and the Historical Context of Early Islam)
mahdieh sabermolayi mohammad taghi diaribidgoli mohammad reza shahroodiAccording to the religious foundations, the Prophet's women generally share the rulings related to ordinary believing women, but their special prohibition of things such as: "attachment to the world, talking flirtatiously with men and ostentation as in the period of ign MoreAccording to the religious foundations, the Prophet's women generally share the rulings related to ordinary believing women, but their special prohibition of things such as: "attachment to the world, talking flirtatiously with men and ostentation as in the period of ignorance", and re-orders regarding the general duties of women. The re-injunctions regarding the general duties of women, such as staying at home, as well as threatening them with double punishment if they are found to be prostitutes, indicate the fact that at least some of them, which caused the revelation of some of the verses related to this are rules, that are in a high place in terms of faith. The only sentence that some scholars and commentators consider to be the praise of the Prophet's wives, and consider it as an obligation to honor them, is the verse: "... and his wives are their mothers..." (Aḥzāb, 6) It is based on some rhetorical teachings and Qur'anic reasons, including the verse: "It is forbidden for you, your mothers…" (Nisá, 23) and the verse: "... You should not offend the Apostle of Allah, nor may you ever marry his wives after him."(Aḥzāb, 53) It should be said that this verse did not actually honor them and only emphasized the sanctity of marrying them after the death of the Holy Prophet (pbuh) in a simile. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
95 - History of the concept of the term companions And typology of different approaches to it
Ghasem Bostani fatemeh moradi kohnakiAdherence to idioms, especially ancient idioms, is one of the most important and difficult issues that human beings have always faced. The term "companions" is one of these ancient and widely used terms in the texts of Islam, in which there is a difference of opinion; I MoreAdherence to idioms, especially ancient idioms, is one of the most important and difficult issues that human beings have always faced. The term "companions" is one of these ancient and widely used terms in the texts of Islam, in which there is a difference of opinion; In such a way that this issue has become a point of contention and it has become difficult to identify the examples of the companions. This study has tried to carefully examine the semantic changes and evolutions of the term Companions throughout the history of Islam in historical reports and has used a descriptive-analytical method to achieve this. The results show that there is no effect or sign indicating the definition of the Companions or the people to whom the Companions refer, in the Qur'an or the hadiths, and the term Companions is a historical term, not a religious one. In the definitions offered over different centuries, two approaches have been emphasized that the dominant approach has been the approach of the narrators, but the definition of the fundamentalists has preceded the definition of the narrators. Lack of clarification of the definition of the Companion in the Shari'a, differences in the lexical meaning of the Companions, the precedence of the discussion of justice over the definition of the Companions and the presentation of a specific definition of the Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
96 - The historical approaches of the Prophet's migration (pbuh) in explaining the social and political components of the civilization of the Qur'an
saeid HamidiExamining the historical approaches of the era of the Prophet with the aim of explaining the civilization-building components of the Quran, puts the most stable social and political requirements of Islamic societies before the thinkers and the ruling policies. Acceptabl MoreExamining the historical approaches of the era of the Prophet with the aim of explaining the civilization-building components of the Quran, puts the most stable social and political requirements of Islamic societies before the thinkers and the ruling policies. Acceptable progress and desirable civilization, which are the implicit or explicit aspirations of Islamic reformers and benefactors, without re-examining the civil values emanating from the Prophet's migration period, will be a fruitless and sometimes ineffective effort.So, this descriptive-analytical research tries to answer this main question, which of the historical approaches parallel to Prophet's emigration play a role in explaining the social and political components of the civilization of the Qur'an?Citing divine verses and referring to library sources show the results; Parallel to the emigration of the Messenger of God (pbuh), the need for a fundamental change and in line with the social and political components of the civilization of the Qur'an became inevitable in the realization of the Prophet's (pbuh) society; Therefore, in a short period of time, developments such as the abolition of Arabization and the strengthening of social belonging by relying on urbanism and abolishing the privileges of tribes brought a new life based on the system of urbanization. Manuscript profile -
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97 - Analysis and Criticism of the Views of Sunni Commentators in Different Centuries Regarding the Explanation of the Concept of Mawddat of Dhi al-Qurbá
Seddighe Amini Mohammad Reza Aram Amir TohidiThe present article is a study on the historical evolution of the view of Sunni commentators in explaining the concept of mawddat of Dhi al-Qurbá. The word mawaddat from the word wodd means to love something or someone and wish for its stability, and in the term MoreThe present article is a study on the historical evolution of the view of Sunni commentators in explaining the concept of mawddat of Dhi al-Qurbá. The word mawaddat from the word wodd means to love something or someone and wish for its stability, and in the term means intense mutual love between people, which can be praised or condemned according to its subject and is so attractive that the lover makes it easy to imitate and follow the beloved. According to Imami scholars, mawddat of Dhi al-Qurbá is a concept that, if used in connection with the Holy Prophet (pbuh), only means mawaddat and love along with following and guarding the Twelver Imams (as) and Lady Zahrāʾ (as). However, most public scholars do not accept this view and have offered other views on the concept. A careful study of the historical evolution of the views of Sunni commentators shows that in different centuries, various opinions have been expressed in explaining the concept in question to the extent that some have expressed the mawaddah and love of the Anṣār to the Prophet (pbuh) and the Quraysh and many have expressed the mawaddah of the Quraysh. They have chosen an independent vote for the Prophet (pbuh) and not being hostile to him. All this is while some have mentioned the duration towards the companions of Kisā (as), the abrogation of the verse of the duration, the duration towards the Ahl al-Bayt (as), the peace of mercy and the duration and closeness to Allah the Almighty in explaining the concept of the nearness of Dhi al-Qurbá. Accordingly, the basic discourse of this article, while referring to the semantics of related words, based on library data, expresses the views of Sunni commentators in explaining the concept and examines and critiques these views. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
98 - The Logic of Proving Imamate and Possible Approaches in the Issue of Imamate
kazem ostadiFrom the first centuries of Islam until now, many writings and books have been written about the issue of the succession of the Prophet (pbuh), the Imamate of the Ahl al-Bayt (as), as well as the controversies surrounding them, especially among the Shiites. It seems tha MoreFrom the first centuries of Islam until now, many writings and books have been written about the issue of the succession of the Prophet (pbuh), the Imamate of the Ahl al-Bayt (as), as well as the controversies surrounding them, especially among the Shiites. It seems that many of the ambiguities and controversies surrounding the issue of Imamate between Sunnis and Shiites or other Islamic sects, apart from some of their different jurisprudential and theological foundations, are due to the lack of a correct scientific method, and the lack of clarity in the logic of the concepts and issues surrounding Imamate and its margins. Therefore, it is appropriate for researchers and thinkers to consider some of the necessary methodological considerations for Imamate issues. On the other hand, every scientific issue and consequently every religious issue, with the passage of time and the opening of new spheres of thought, needs new analysis and new reflections. These reflections on the issue of Imamate can also influence some prejudices as well as entering into disputes and their results in this issue. In this article, some of the methodological issues required in the issue of Imamate and the logic of proving Imamate, with an example mentioned at the end, have been considered and explained. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
99 - The Relationship between Belief in Resurrection and Meaningful Life in the Tradition of the Prophet (pbuh)
Akram Khalili NooshAbadiThe problem of "meaning of life" is not exclusive to a particular type but all thinkers pay attention to it, for example psychologists, theologians, poets, mystics, Quran scholars, hadith scholars, etc. the have also prepared various answers for the present problem base MoreThe problem of "meaning of life" is not exclusive to a particular type but all thinkers pay attention to it, for example psychologists, theologians, poets, mystics, Quran scholars, hadith scholars, etc. the have also prepared various answers for the present problem based on their expertise and due to the existence of different tastes and interests. In the current research, the religious approach is taken into account and the researcher has entered into this issue from the perspective of the traditions of the Prophet of Islam (pbuh) as an example of good deeds and emphasized by the Qur'an. What elements make life meaningful in the statements of the beloved Prophet (pbuh) and on the other hand, what is the relationship between the element of Christianity and the meaning of life are two important questions of this research. In this regard, elements that give meaning to life have been collected and examined in a library manner, and the role of Christianity in making human life meaningful is analyzed in a special way. The analysis of related traditions shows that, basically, the life of this world does not have an intrinsic meaning and value independent of the afterlife, but it is a meaningful life that is overshadowed by a true and faithful faith in the Resurrection. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
100 - Adapting Servant Leadership to the Quranic Life of the Prophet (pbuh) in School Management
Mohammad Hossein Sadeghi Darvishi Ahmadi , Reza Amina Afshar,Access to the realization of purposeful management, the need for a successful and committed management or in other words "servant leadership" is felt as a necessity. The upcoming research, using the achievements and experiences of the world's management knowledge, has d MoreAccess to the realization of purposeful management, the need for a successful and committed management or in other words "servant leadership" is felt as a necessity. The upcoming research, using the achievements and experiences of the world's management knowledge, has discussed the adaptation of the indicators of servant leadership in schools from the point of view of the scholars of this approach, with the Qur'anic management style of the Holy Prophet (pbuh) and the indicators of servant leadership in schools. specifies The method of investigation in this research is descriptive-analytical method and by examining the sources of world and Islamic management knowledge, it has addressed the main and common indicators. Besides, he has compared the management model of an ideal Islamic society with one of the management theories in the world. The purpose of this research is to compare the type of view and managerial experiences of the contemporary world in expressing the indicators of servant leadership in the context of schools with the indicators of servant leadership with the Quranic management of His Holiness. The findings indicate that the ten characteristics and commonalities of servant leadership have been seen in the Quranic management of the Prophet (pbuh). In addition to this, the Qur'anic management of the Prophet (pbuh) is expressed in the most beautiful way, in the divine word, so that the leadership and management, in an absolute way, does not become captive to the thoughts of exclusivity, personal, group and utilitarianism of the societies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
101 - Evaluating the Relevance of the Idiomatic Concept of Imamate in the Verse of Ibrahim's Test Based on Shia Narratives
kazem ostadi Historically, the most important issue discussed by Muslims after the Prophet (pbuh) is the issue of Imamate, and thinkers have cited theological, historical and verses of the Holy Qur'an to prove the issue of Imamate and succession of the Prophet ( More Historically, the most important issue discussed by Muslims after the Prophet (pbuh) is the issue of Imamate, and thinkers have cited theological, historical and verses of the Holy Qur'an to prove the issue of Imamate and succession of the Prophet (pbuh), one of the most important of these verses is the verse of the test of Prophet Ibrahim (as) or the verse of Imamate. On the other hand, two methods can be followed to investigate the Imamate issue: 1- Explaining the concept of imamate by means of Quranic verses with previous coordinates in the beginning of Islam. 2- Explaining the concept of imamate by means of Quranic verses with coordinates and concepts created later and new. Therefore, it is necessary to clarify the status of references to the verse of Ibrahim's test for the issue of Imamate in the narratives of Imamiyyah. In the upcoming research, hadiths about the test verse of Ibrahim have been discussed, according to these questions: "1- Regarding the verse of Ibrahim's test, how many narratives of the infallible Imams (as) are mentioned in hadith and narrative sources? 2- What is the status of their textual content and the similarity and repetition of narrations about the verse of Ibrahim's test? 3- Are the narratives about Ibrahim's test related to the issue of imamate in today's common sense and do they support this issue? Finally, it became clear that there are few hadiths about verse 124 of Baqarah, of course, most of them (except for a few cases that are doubtful) do not mention the issue of public imamate, especially for us contemporary Shiites; and in a way, the narratives are interpretations with a separate subject from the principle of Imamate. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
102 - Developing Student-Teachers' Content Knowledge and Teaching Skill through a Model of Integrating Problem-Based Learning with Information and Communication Technology
Mehdi Karami Zohreh Karami Mohammad AttaranThe aim of the present research was studying the effect of combining problem-based learning with information and communication technology on the development of content knowledge and pedagogical skills of student-teachers of teacher training center. All student-teachers MoreThe aim of the present research was studying the effect of combining problem-based learning with information and communication technology on the development of content knowledge and pedagogical skills of student-teachers of teacher training center. All student-teachers of Shahid Bahonar Teacher Training Center of Hamadan province in 2011 were selected as population of the research, and of them, two groups of primary education major were chosen as the sample. The methodology of the present research was quasi-experimental, and the pretest-posttest design with control group was employed. In the control group, a program was generated by the teacher-trainer using Power Point software, and through that program, the student-teachers were taught how to teach mathematical concepts using problem solving and discovery learning methods. In the experimental group, after collecting information and devising their plan based on problem solving and discovery learning methods, the student-teachers were required to teach mathematical concepts in Power Point environment. In fact, the issue they were dealing with was how to design a dynamic program by means of which their students were enabled to discover concepts. The procedure of carrying out the research lasted for two weeks. So, after performing the research, both groups were given theory and practice tests in the fields of content knowledge and pedagogical skills. The analysis of the results of two tests (theory and practice) by means of independent-sample t test showed that knowledge and skill performance of student-teachers who had combined problem-based learning with ICT in order to solve the problem was better than the group who had merely employed the ICT. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
103 - PbWO4 nanoparticles: A robust and reusable heterogeneous catalyst for the synthesis of benzopyranopyridines under ultrasonic irradiation
Hossein Shahbazi-Alavi Javad Safaei-Ghomi Ruhollah Talebi -
Open Access Article
104 - Incorporation of Pb2+, Fe2+ and Cd2+ ions in ZnO nanocatalyst for photocatalytic activity
Maryam Bordbar Zahra Sayban Ali Yeganeh-Faal Bahar Khodadadi -
Open Access Article
105 - Fabrication of a novel organic-inorganic hybrid nanocatalyst and its application for the synthesis of bis(pyrazolyl)methanes
Abdolkarim Zare Mojtaba Oraki -
Open Access Article
106 - The Legend of Umm Kulthum
Mohammadreza Tabib Abdolaziz MovahedZaynab Kobra (PBUH) is the daughter of Hazrat Ali (PBUH) and Hazrat Fatimah (PBUH) who has opened her eyes to the world in the sixth century of AH. The name Zaynab was named by the Prophet (PBUH) and they had given her various nicknames, such as Aghileh Bani Hashem, Umm MoreZaynab Kobra (PBUH) is the daughter of Hazrat Ali (PBUH) and Hazrat Fatimah (PBUH) who has opened her eyes to the world in the sixth century of AH. The name Zaynab was named by the Prophet (PBUH) and they had given her various nicknames, such as Aghileh Bani Hashem, Umm Kulthum in history. In Arabic literature, Umm Kulthum is a nickname to respect a dear lady which is considered to be reverence. Umm Kulthum is one of the most popular and common nicknames of Hazrat Zaynab (PBUH) that has been given to her. Despite the reputation of the great lady of Islam and their role, especially in the terrible events at Karbala, as well as other issues related to the lives of Imams, many of her life are in the aura of ambiguity. (Due to the dominant powers of the time, such as Banu Umayya and Abbasid which have been the enemies of the Ahl al-Bayt, the life of Hazrat Zaynab (PBUH) also has some ambiguity, including is Zaynab the same as Umm Kulthum or is it related to the two daughters of Hazrat Ali (PBUH) and Fatimah (PBUH)?In this study, which has been written in a descriptive-analytic manner, the author by using the main historical sources has concluded that Umm Kulthum is the same as Zaynab (PBUH), and Hazrat Fatimah and Hazrat Ali (PBUH) had only one daughter, and that was Zaynab (PBUH) whose nickname was Umm Kulthum.) Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
107 - Analysis of Common Myths of Initiations (Regeneration or Initiation) and its Comparison with Avesta
Masoomeh Mahlooji Mahabadi Hamidreza Shayeganfar Mehrangiz OwhadiInitiation rituals that prepare individual to move from one stage of life to the next, are all mythological. Initiation includes physical, mental and psychological dimensions and is associated with rituals that intend to help the individual to cope with his new responsi MoreInitiation rituals that prepare individual to move from one stage of life to the next, are all mythological. Initiation includes physical, mental and psychological dimensions and is associated with rituals that intend to help the individual to cope with his new responsibility in society. In all religions there are different rituals for the stage of initiation, which are in line with individual growth or acceptance of a new position. This research, which is based on library studies and has been done in a descriptive-analytical manner, analyzes the initiation rituals of different cultures. By examining the mentioned types of ceremonies such as puberty, travel, spiritual death, sacrifice, etc., in Avesta and comparing them with world examples, it was determined that the stages of transition exist in all religious and non-religious professions and drinks and their analysis shows common points with other cultures. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
108 - Comparative Criticism of Awareness of the Tow Hero in The Novel "When Nietzsche Wept"
Raheleh Abdollahzadeh Borzoo According to Campbell's monotheistic theory, the path to individuality is going through an internal or external journey. In this story, two scientists are unknowingly involved in More According to Campbell's monotheistic theory, the path to individuality is going through an internal or external journey. In this story, two scientists are unknowingly involved in despair; one wishes for freedom and the other wishes for friendship.Brewer is a physician, and Nietzsche is a patient who refuses to accept help, even for treatment. Inevitably, Brewer, pretending to be frustrated, obtains Nietzsche's consent to be hospitalized to cure his frustration. Brewer frees himself from obsessive thoughts and tastes freedom by learning to live in the present and willing his destiny.Nietzsche, who sought to find a way beyond his treatment, uses Brewer’sself-confession method to forgetSalome; But, despite finding a same-level friendship, he chooses solitude and returns to create the book that matured in his mindwhen he saw Salome.Brewer also returns to his family life, medicine and culture after receiving the final blessing of the trip,but this time, he has freely chosen it. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
109 - Effect of Poultry by Product Meal on Performance Parameters,Serum Uric Acid Concentration and Carcass Characteristics
M. Sahraei H. Lootfollahian A. Ghanbari -
Open Access Article
110 - Vitamin E Supplementation in Feed Containing Lemuru Fish Oil to Improve IPB-D2 Chickens Performance and Eggs Rich in Vitamin E as a Potential Functional Food
R. Nadia S. Sumiati T. Suryati -
Open Access Article
111 - انرژی متابولیسمی وترکیب شیمیایی پودر ضایعات کشتارگاهی طیور
A. Zarei M. Mohammadi B. Hemmatiاین آزمایش به منظور تعیین ترکیب شیمیایی و انرژی متابولیسمی پودر ضایعات کشتارگاهی طیور حاصل از دو کشتارگاه صورت پذیرفت. ماده خشک، پروتئین خام، خاکستر، عصاره اتری و انرژی خام نمونهها مورد آزمایش قرار گرفتند. مقادیر کلسیم، فسفر، سدیم، پتاسیم، منیزیم، آهن، منگنز، مس و روی Moreاین آزمایش به منظور تعیین ترکیب شیمیایی و انرژی متابولیسمی پودر ضایعات کشتارگاهی طیور حاصل از دو کشتارگاه صورت پذیرفت. ماده خشک، پروتئین خام، خاکستر، عصاره اتری و انرژی خام نمونهها مورد آزمایش قرار گرفتند. مقادیر کلسیم، فسفر، سدیم، پتاسیم، منیزیم، آهن، منگنز، مس و روی اندازهگیری شدند. انرژی متابولیسم ظاهری (AME)، انرژی متابولیسم ظاهری تصحیح شده برای ازت (AMEn)، انرژی متابولیسم حقیقی (TME) و انرژی متابولیسم حقیقی تصحیح شده برای ازت (TMEn) بر حسب کیلوکالری برگرم بر اساس روش سیبالد تعیین گردید. برای این منظور از دوازده قطعه خروس نیوهمپشایر با سن 230 روزه استفاده شد. بین انواع انرژی متابولیسمی در نمونهها تفاوت معنیداری مشاهده نشد. همچنین میزان اسیدهای آمینه قابل هضم استاندارد تعیین گردید. بیشترین و کمترین میزان مربوط به لوسین و تریپتوفان بود. نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد که بین نمونههای مختلف پودر ضایعات کشتارگاهی طیور تفاوت وجود دارد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
112 - Anatomical Study of Primary Bud Necrosis in Vitis vinifera L. cv. Askari in Winter Dormant Bud
B. Kavoosi S. Eshghi M. Rahemi Y. EmamPrimary bud necrosis in grapevine is a physiological disorder observed in the compound buds. This study was conducted to investigate the anatomical changes in cv. Askari grapevine in winter dormant buds. Bud samples were taken from Askari grapevine at Sisakht vineyards, MorePrimary bud necrosis in grapevine is a physiological disorder observed in the compound buds. This study was conducted to investigate the anatomical changes in cv. Askari grapevine in winter dormant buds. Bud samples were taken from Askari grapevine at Sisakht vineyards, south-western of Iran. Compound buds were dissected and assessed under a binocular microscope at 10-40x magnification and a digital microscope (Dinolite-AM413T) was used for taking photos. The results showed that the bud necrosis incidence was observed in primary buds more than in the secondary buds. Anatomical observations showed that PBN disorder occurred in central buds as brown small spot and gradually developed in the whole bud and bud necrotic remained on canes and did not abscission. On the results of present study, dissecting buds in autumn can raise awareness of PBN and fruitfulness of bud in the following spring, hence, growers should determine the level of bud necrosis prior to winter pruning so that pruning techniques might be adjusted to account for the bud damage. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
113 - The Geochemistry and Geothermometry of Sphalerite in the Carbonate-Hosted Emarat Pb-Zn Deposit
Farhad Ehya Mohammad Lotfi Iraj Rasa -
Open Access Article
114 - تاثیر یادگیری رو در روی پروژه محور بر مهارتهای گفتاری
Maryam Miraei Mohammadi Sayyed Mohammad Alavi Mohammad Khatibاین مطالعه با هدف بررسی میزان آشنایی مدرسان مهارت گفتاری با مفهوم یادگیری مبتنی بر پروژه و همچنین یافتن تأثیر روش رو در رو پروژه محور بر توانایی صحبت کردن دانشجویان زبان انگلیسی در سطوح مختلف مهارت زبان انجام شد. برای رسیدن به این هدف ، از چهار مدرس مهارت گفتاری در دانش Moreاین مطالعه با هدف بررسی میزان آشنایی مدرسان مهارت گفتاری با مفهوم یادگیری مبتنی بر پروژه و همچنین یافتن تأثیر روش رو در رو پروژه محور بر توانایی صحبت کردن دانشجویان زبان انگلیسی در سطوح مختلف مهارت زبان انجام شد. برای رسیدن به این هدف ، از چهار مدرس مهارت گفتاری در دانشگاه خواسته شد که پس از چند جلسه آموزش ، مهارت گفتاری زبان آموزان را ارزیابی کنند. سپس ، برای برگزاری جلسات آموزش معلمان ، با آنها مصاحبه وبه آنها جزوه آموزشی داده شد. پس از آموزش معلمان ، کلاسهای آنها مشاهده و فیلمبرداری شد. برای یافتن تأثیر آموزش بر معلمان و دانش آموزان، از مربیان خواسته شد تا در پایان دوره های آموزش گفتاری ، به زبان آموزان نمره دهند. برای بررسی تفاوت در نمرات گفتاری زبان آموزان قبل و بعد از آموزش معلمان ، آزمون t زوجی انجام شد. مقایسه نتایج پیش آزمون و پس آزمون نشان داد که شرکت کنندگان در همه گروه ها در مهارت گفتاری خود پیشرفت داشتند. نتایج نشان می دهد که سیاست گذاران باید فرصتی را برای مدرسان دانشگاه فراهم کنند تا اصول یادگیری پروژه-محور را در آموزش زبان به کار برده و آن را جایگزین روش های سنتی کنند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
115 - Analyzing the approach of paying attention to the specific language of the Qur'an in the traditions of the Ahl al-Bayt (PBUH) and methodical hermeneutics
somayeh abdollahi zohreh akhavan moghadam mohammad reza aramOne of the important issues in hermeneutic interpretation is paying attention to the specific language of the text. Knowing the language of the text is a kind of approach to the text to understand the author's intention. This is an emerging debate among Quran scholars a MoreOne of the important issues in hermeneutic interpretation is paying attention to the specific language of the text. Knowing the language of the text is a kind of approach to the text to understand the author's intention. This is an emerging debate among Quran scholars and there are fundamental differences in it, but the linguistics of the text is considered "the model of human culture" in the eyes of many thinkers. By carefully interpreting the narratives, there is evidence of the Ahl al-Bayt's attention to this important element in understanding the Qur'an, and discovering its aspects requires scientific effort in this field. In this article, an analytical-descriptive method has been tried to analyze this topic in the commentary traditions of the Ahl al-Bayt (AS) as those who are fully aware of the entire Qur'an from all aspects. For this purpose, discussions on the linguistics of the Qur'an have been discussed, and by stating the importance of this science, in the perspective of methodical hermeneutics, as well as the discovery and rereading of traditions with regard to linguistics, components of this topic have been identified and introduced in the words of the Ahl al-Bayt (PBUH). be made Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
116 - The Myths of Siavash and Kotan Utunnai: A Comparative Study in Persian and Far East Mythologies; Based on Joseph Campbell's Approach
Saeed Akhavāni Fattāneh Mahmoudi Today's human interpretation of mythology suggests that myth is more than fiction. In the age of pre-science and pre-philosophy, the answers to questions of human beings could be found in myths. One of the issues raised about myth, is the similarity of the myths More Today's human interpretation of mythology suggests that myth is more than fiction. In the age of pre-science and pre-philosophy, the answers to questions of human beings could be found in myths. One of the issues raised about myth, is the similarity of the myths of various tribes and civilizations. Thus, the question arises: what is the reason of the similarity of myths among the unrelated tribes? By using the analytic-comparative method, the present article tries to compare the myth of "Siavash" in Iran with Kotan Utunnai, an epic belonged to Ainu (the indigenous people of Japan). In the research, the archetype of hero's journey, proposed by Joseph Campbell, as the theoretical basis, and the triple steps of hero's journey, as the variable of the study, are considered. The results show that the people who lived in the age of myth, regardless of their different languages and cultures, had common epistemological and ontological foundations that are represented in myths. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
117 - The Mythological Functions in Madan a-Dorar; An Analysis Based on Joseph Campbell’s Theory
ramin moharrami soraya karimi mahin panahiMany of the themes in Madan a-Dorar, written by Mohammad Soleiman Morshedi, are consistent with mythological concepts, and mythological ideas play a significant role in shaping the contents of this biographical and mystical book. Madan a-Dorar is about the life and myst MoreMany of the themes in Madan a-Dorar, written by Mohammad Soleiman Morshedi, are consistent with mythological concepts, and mythological ideas play a significant role in shaping the contents of this biographical and mystical book. Madan a-Dorar is about the life and mystical experiences of Hajji Nasser Din Omar Morshdi. The present research attempts to study the mystical experience and stages of suluk (spiritual journey) of Naser al-Din Omar Morshedi based on the theory of Joseph Campbell by using analytical-comparative method. The aim of the present study is to investigate the degree of compatibility of the themes of the book with Joseph Campbell's theory and to show the cases in which mystical themes correspond to mythical themes. The results show that the mythological sanctity of the hero in Madan a-Dorar is the same as that of the gods and archetypes. According to Campbell's theory, the journey of the hero can be explained in three stages: departure, initiation and return. Morshedi, as a hero who seeks individuality, begins his spiritual journey with the call of a deer; he experiences the rebirth by crossing the threshold and exiting the womb of the cave. Finally, he passes the rite of initiation and returns and achieves a holy manifestation. At the end of this spiritual journey, the hero reaches a position beyond contradictions, and God is manifested to him in everything. In his mystical experience, Morshedi repeats the mythological patterns. Many of Madan a-Dorar anecdotes are consistent with the components of Campbell's hero's journey and only in some components there are differences. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
118 - The Hero's Journey in Kār-Nāmag ī Ardashīr ī Pāpakān: A Mythological Approach
Mokhtar EbrahimiKār-Nāmag ī Ardashīr ī Pāpakān (The Book of the Deeds of Ardeshir, Son of Papak), a mythological and epic text in Middle Persian (Pahlavi) language, introduces the founder of the Sassanid state as a hero and a mythological figure. The main question of the present resear MoreKār-Nāmag ī Ardashīr ī Pāpakān (The Book of the Deeds of Ardeshir, Son of Papak), a mythological and epic text in Middle Persian (Pahlavi) language, introduces the founder of the Sassanid state as a hero and a mythological figure. The main question of the present research is why and how this text confronted with the rival, Parthian discourse, and tried to dominate its own discourse. The important hypothesis of the research is that human, natural and supernatural forces in this narrative, in coordination with each other, have presented a new discourse that refers to another type of thought and, consequently, another kind of lifestyle. In the narration of Kār-Nāmag, by the efforts of himself and his allies, as well as with the help of other characters and absorbing his competitors, the hero engages in a continuous battle. The present study, with a mythological approach and based on Joseph Campbell's hero's journey steps, examines the influential factors leading to the complex path to victory. The present study uses a descriptive-analytical method to explain the reason for the hero's journey. Through the narration of Kār-Nāmag, it becomes clear how the country saved from disunion and the kingdom of Iranshahr maintained its cohesion. Each of the characters in the book plays a role in leading Iranshahr back to national unity and is reminiscent of the role of the Iranian mythological liberation figures. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
119 - The Analysis of the Story of Sheikh Sanān Based on Campbell's Theory of Monomyth
Mohammad Reihāni raheleh abdolahzadeh borzooAccording to Joseph Campbell's theory of monomyth, after a ritual invitation, the hero gets separated from his society, begins his journey, learns through ritual forces in an unknown land, is taught the ritual of initiation and returns for reforming his society. The jou MoreAccording to Joseph Campbell's theory of monomyth, after a ritual invitation, the hero gets separated from his society, begins his journey, learns through ritual forces in an unknown land, is taught the ritual of initiation and returns for reforming his society. The journey appears with some symbols and symptom in the form of archetypes. According to the theory of Jung, it is an instance of facing conscious and unconscious. By using descriptive method the present article tries to analyze the story of Sheikh Sanān regarding to Joseph Campbell's theory of monomyth and Jungian symbols. Sheikh Sanān, the symbol of unconscious, is separated from his people and motherland the call of the unconscious at night; then is taught by anima of existence in West, the symbol of unknown land of unconscious, and finally he is worthy of reconciliation to unconscious of soul. The daughter is symbol of anima of Sheikh Sanān; she teaches love and its finer points to him; in return Sheikh Sanān hands over knowledge and faith, as symbols of conscious, to her. In this journey, 400 devotees, as the elements of conscious, surrender to will of unconscious. The return of Sheikh Sanān from Rome to Mecca is a symbol of individuality and perfection and corresponds to Campbell's theory of hero's return to home. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
120 - An Analysis of Archetype of Hero's Journey Based on Campbell’s & Jung’s Thoughts
Mohammad Tāheri Hamid Aghājāni Based on Carl Jung’s thoughts, Joseph John Campbell (1904 –1987), proposed the theme of “hero's journey” that opened a new horizon in archetypal literary criticism. Campell’s ideas in archetypal criticism can be used in comparing an More Based on Carl Jung’s thoughts, Joseph John Campbell (1904 –1987), proposed the theme of “hero's journey” that opened a new horizon in archetypal literary criticism. Campell’s ideas in archetypal criticism can be used in comparing and analyzing stories, especially archetypal epic ones. The seven labors of Rostam (Haft-Khane Rostam) in Shāhnāmeh can be studied from Campbell’s point of view. Rostam had to pass the seven labors (Haft-Khan) to save Iranian commanders upon his father’s command, Zal. In this journey, besides obtaining material and spiritual gifts, Rostam reaches self-discovery and spiritual perfection. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
121 - The Role of Myth and Gender (Heroine) in the Works of Bahrām Beyzāii
Akbar Shāmiyān Sārookalāii Maryam AfshārIn the works of Bahrām Beyzāii, sometimes structures and functions of myth, for example, the stereotype of hero, have been transformed. Some mythologists, like Joseph John Campbell in his book The Hero with a Thousand Faces, have extensively noticed role of hero and his MoreIn the works of Bahrām Beyzāii, sometimes structures and functions of myth, for example, the stereotype of hero, have been transformed. Some mythologists, like Joseph John Campbell in his book The Hero with a Thousand Faces, have extensively noticed role of hero and his journey. Campbell identifies ten stages in a hero’s journey, noting that all of the stages have to occur in every heroic story. But Bahrām Beyzāii changes this pattern with reducing the status of hero and raising the dignity of heroine. Ra’na in the film of Qaribé va Meh (1974 - The Stranger and the Fog), the wife of miller in the theater of Marg-e Yazdgerd (1979 - Death of Yazdgerd), Tārā in the film of Charike-ye Tārā (1979 - Ballad of Tārā), Khanoom Bouzrogh and Mahorukh in the film of Mosāferān (1992 - Travellers) and Golroukh in Sagkoshi (2001 - Killing Mad Dogs) wisly examine and salavage, and transformed into a heroine. So the role of myth and gender are brought into prominence in his works. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
122 - Measurement of Lead and Cadmium in Sillago sihama and Terapon Jarbua fish tissues in the southern region of Qeshm Island
E.F. MahdaviThis study has been performed to measure Lead and Cadmium levels in Sillago sihama and Terapon Jarbua fish tissues in Qeshm Island. Twenty four samples from each species were randomly selected in October 2015 in the southern area of the island. After samples were biomet MoreThis study has been performed to measure Lead and Cadmium levels in Sillago sihama and Terapon Jarbua fish tissues in Qeshm Island. Twenty four samples from each species were randomly selected in October 2015 in the southern area of the island. After samples were biometrically determined; muscle tissues, skin and the liver were separated and chemically digested by wet digestion. To measure the amount of heavy metals in samples, ICP-OES model Liberty RL device was used. According to the results, the least amount of Lead in Sillago sihama and Terapon Jarbuawas was found in muscle tissues (57 mg/kg and 64 mg/kg respectively) and the highest amount was seen in the liver (1280 mg/kg and 1763 mg/kg) and the least amount of Cadmium was observed in muscle tissues (Sillago sihama and Terapon Jarbua, there is no significant difference at 95% confidence level between the metals in all three tissues. Comparing the tissues of two fish species on the absorption of Lead and Cadmium depicts no significant difference in the confidence level of 95%. To evaluate the safety of studied fish tissues for consumption, the amount of metals in the tissues were compared with WHO (Pb: 500mg/kg, Cd: 200mg/kg) standards, which indicated no significant differences. Based on the mentioned results and calculation of the acceptable daily intake, the consumption of these fish species, regarding health aspects, is confirmed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
123 - Heavy metal (Pb,Cd) level in muscle and liver tissues Carangoides malabaricus in Bandar Abbas ( Hormozgan Province)
M. S. Sadeghi M. Emtiazju M. MotieiannajarTo survey and compare heavy metal (Pb, Cd) accumulation in Carangoides malabaricus in Persian Gulf waters (Hormozgan Province), sampling of this fish catches was done seasonally from Tiab port to Bandar Abass city during winter and summer of 2012. After biom MoreTo survey and compare heavy metal (Pb, Cd) accumulation in Carangoides malabaricus in Persian Gulf waters (Hormozgan Province), sampling of this fish catches was done seasonally from Tiab port to Bandar Abass city during winter and summer of 2012. After biometry of the fish, muscle and liver tissues were separated. The amount of Pb and Cd were measured by an atomic absorption instrument (Varian - model GTA 100).The results of lead concentration in liver and muscle tissues were 0.1470±0.235 and 0.0399±0.0125 µg/g, respectivelyand Cd levels in liver and muscle tissues were 0.0297±0.0105 and 0.0036±0.0005 µg/g respectively.. The difference between the average concentration of Pb and Cd in liver and muscle tissues was significant (p<0.05). Average concentrations of Pb and Cd in liver and muscle tissues were not difference significantly between two seasons (p≥0/05). The comparison of the results with permissible limits of WHO, EPA and UK showed that the concentrations of these metals are lower than international permissible limits. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
124 - Lead Concentration in Sediment and Euchelus asper in Rocky Shores of Kish Island
S. Banihashemi M. Baniamam Persian Gulf waters remain heavily impacted by a number of pollutants originating from different sources such as direct and indirect discharge of land based pollutants, sewage etc. Millions of tons of industrial effluents are dumped into the gulf shallow waters More Persian Gulf waters remain heavily impacted by a number of pollutants originating from different sources such as direct and indirect discharge of land based pollutants, sewage etc. Millions of tons of industrial effluents are dumped into the gulf shallow waters every year and the environment is highly contaminated in many urban and industrialized areas of many countries. As a result, high concentrations of heavy metals occur in some areas.The aim of the present study is to determine the bioaccumulation of heavy metals such as lead in water, sediment, soft and hard tissues of Euchelusasper at four selected stations of Kish Island’s rocky shores in winter and summer of 2014. Lead in water samples were assayed (after preparation and chemical digestion) using Perkin Elmer 4100 atomic absorption spectrometer. Lead heavy metal concentrations obtained in four stations in winter and summer, respectively, in soft tissue were 2.57 ppb and 2.02 ppb, in hard tissue 2.28 ppband10,1 ppb, in sediment 2.23 ppb and 1.73 ppb and in water, lower than detection limit. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
125 - A Modified SOGI-FLL with DC-Offset Rejection Feature for Grid-Connected Single-Phase PV Inverter in Shipboard Power System
Ali Asadi Soufi Hamidreza Jiroudi -
Open Access Article
126 - The prophet of Islam in shakkour’s epic poem
Zahra khosravi Fatemah al-sadat arfaThe contemporary Christian literary figure of Lebanon, George Shakkour, is especially sincere to God's Messenger (PBUH) and his family. His works include "Malhame al-Rasoul (PBUH) (An Epic Poetry on the Messenger)" composed in more than 1000 verses mentioning the MoreThe contemporary Christian literary figure of Lebanon, George Shakkour, is especially sincere to God's Messenger (PBUH) and his family. His works include "Malhame al-Rasoul (PBUH) (An Epic Poetry on the Messenger)" composed in more than 1000 verses mentioning the historical events of God's Messenger (PBUH) life from birth to death. Shakkour has represented God's Messenger (PBUH) as friendship and kindness messenger in this epic poetry, and has recognized him as the heir to previous messengers following their methods and styles. He emphasizes that God's Messenger(PBUH) have had peculiarities making him deserve the prophetic mission and be acceptable by people beforehand. Meanwhile, Shakkour has outlined The Messenger's moral virtues and peculiarities, and praises his safekeeping, honesty, loyalty to promise and contract, and his patience and perseverance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
127 - Developing Meta-heuristic AntLion-Genetic and PBILDE Algorithms to Portfolio Optimization in Tehran Stock Exchange
Mahdi Homayounfar Amir Daneshvar Jafar RahmaniIn financial studies, portfolio can be defined as a set of investments that are selected and accepted by an individual or institution. Portfolio selection is one of the main concerns of investors in financial markets. The average-variance model with bound restrictions i MoreIn financial studies, portfolio can be defined as a set of investments that are selected and accepted by an individual or institution. Portfolio selection is one of the main concerns of investors in financial markets. The average-variance model with bound restrictions is considered as one of the main models in solving the portfolio optimization problem. In terms of complexity, this model is a polynomials NP-hard non-linear problem that cannot be accurately solved. In this study, an Antlion optimizer- Genetic algorithm (ALOGA) and a population based incremental learning and differential evolution algorithm (PBILDE), which are modern meta-heuristic models for solving optimization problem, are used to optimize the investment portfolio through increase the return and reduce the risk. Among 591 companies listed on Tehran stock exchange from April 2012 through March 2015, 150 companies were selected as the final sample using screening method. The data of these companies were analyzed using the applied algorithms in this research and their efficiency was compared together. The results indicate that ALOGA and PBILDE algorithms both are suitable for solving the portfolio optimization problem. In addition, using the ALOGA algorithm, it is possible to create an optimal portfolio with high accuracy and efficiency. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
128 - Evaluation on Some Treatments After Spring Frost Damage in Inflorescence Bud Formation in Pistachio Orchard
F. Shahsavari H. Hokmabadi N. Shahsavari M. Mohammadi -
Open Access Article
129 - Characterizing Changes of Heavy Metals in the Soils from Different Urban Location of Borujerd, Lorestan Province, Iran
Eisa Solgi Abolfazl Khodadadi Mohsen Mohammadi Galangashi -
Open Access Article
130 - Simultaneous Pre-Concentration of Cadmium and Lead in Environmental Water Samples with Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction and Determination by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometry
M. Salahinejad F. Aflaki -
Open Access Article
131 - Effect of Pb- exposure on Serum Calcium and Phosphorus Components among Pb- Battery Manufacturing Workers
Ravibabu kalahasthi Barman Tapu -
Open Access Article
132 - Synthesis and Cytotoxic Evaluation of 2-Pyrazoline Derivative on Leukemia Cancer Cell Line K562
Masoud Shaabanzadeh Maryam Bikhof Torbati -
Open Access Article
133 - Effect of Cyclophosphamide on ODF1 and ZPBP Gene Expression in Testicular Tissue of Male Wistar Rats
Sadegh Bazvand Tahereh Naji Abdolreza MohammadniaCyclophosphoma iodine is a DNA-inducing drug with anti-neoplastic properties. One of its most important side effects is changing the function of the reproductive system in males, which may lead to infertility. The ODF gene significantly reduced in infertile men. In spit MoreCyclophosphoma iodine is a DNA-inducing drug with anti-neoplastic properties. One of its most important side effects is changing the function of the reproductive system in males, which may lead to infertility. The ODF gene significantly reduced in infertile men. In spite of the effect of this drug on testicular tissue, there was no work on the expression of ODF1 and ZPBP genes in testicular tissue; this was done for the first time. In this study, 20 adult male Wistar rats weighing 220±30 g were selected and all were fed by standard pellet diet in the group receiving cyclophosphamide: receiving standard pellet with water and cyclophosphamide at a dose of 40 mg/kg. The groups were treated intraperitoneally for 30 days. The expression of ODF1 and ZPBP genes was investigated by Real Time method. The results showed that the expression level of ODF1 and ZPBP genes was significantly different between the control and treatment groups, and according to the calculations performed by the software the statistical data (P≤0.05), SPSS, and one-way ANOVA test, it was concluded that ZPBP and ODF1 gene expression decreased 7.26 and 7.5 times in the group exposed to cyclophosphamide compared to the control group, respectively. Moreover, comparing the number of sperm in the control and treatment groups showed that the number of sperms in the treatment group decreased compared to the control group. Reduced number of sperm may affect the fertility rate of male Wistar rats. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
134 - Criticism of the archetype of the Hero in the story of Jamshid and Khorshid based on the View Point of Jung and Campbell
Behnaz Ali Mirzaee M. Jalaloddin Kazzaz iAbstract Joseph Campbell, based on Jung ideas and by introducing the archetype of the hero's travel, has opened a new door in the criticism of the archetype and showed that the hero's travel in the narrative works of different MoreAbstract Joseph Campbell, based on Jung ideas and by introducing the archetype of the hero's travel, has opened a new door in the criticism of the archetype and showed that the hero's travel in the narrative works of different people, follow the similar pattern.Campbell's pattern includes the three sections of departure, attainment and return. Therefore, the writers of this article want to investigate the story of Jamshid and Khorshid from Salman Savaji based on the archetype and unimyth of Campbell . Jamshid, with the response to a mysterious call, to understand himself and his internal anima and with the guidance of old wiseman sets off a difficult journey and traverses the hard stages and finally joins Khorshid and returns to China; and in this way brings prosperity to his homeland . Besides the remission of this world, Jamshid attains a kind of self awareness and this is the harmony with the speculation of " the archetype of the hero's travel ". Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
135 - Internationalizing of Universities and Its Effect on scientific Diplomacy Case study: Imam Sadiq University(1982-2016)
mohammadreza dehshiri seyed mohsen ROHANIAcademic diplomacy can be considered as one of the most effective fields of public diplomacy. This diplomacy is mainly led by countries' universities and academic community. Nowadays, being aware of the high degree of effectiveness of academic diplomacy in the achieveme MoreAcademic diplomacy can be considered as one of the most effective fields of public diplomacy. This diplomacy is mainly led by countries' universities and academic community. Nowadays, being aware of the high degree of effectiveness of academic diplomacy in the achievement of desirable results in their foreign policy, various countries seek to invest in this modern field. As a forerunner in the field of Islamic humanities, the Imam Sadiq (pbuh) University (ISU) can be introduced as an example in the field of academic diplomacy. A study of the background of this university and evaluation of the level of its internationalization based on standard indicators shows that ISU has not been completely successful in the international presentation of itself, and ultimately in its movement in line with academic diplomacy. In this research, I have interviewed the ISU's authorities, professors, and experts at the international level using data saturation point method. With respect to the causes of ISU's failure, one can point to such factors as the lack of motivation and will on behalf of ISU's senior authorities. In the end, such solutions as creating awareness in the staff, faculty members, and utilizing the capacities of ISU graduates are mentioned Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
136 - Analysis of the Kurdish Tale "Shirzad Shirdil" Based on Joseph Campbell's Theory of the Hero's Journey
Marjan Aliakbarzade zehtabThe present article, which has been written in a descriptive-analytical manner based on field studies in the field of popular literature, examines the oral and Kurdish tale "Shirzad Shirdil," which has not yet been fully documented, based on Joseph Campbell's (1904-1987 MoreThe present article, which has been written in a descriptive-analytical manner based on field studies in the field of popular literature, examines the oral and Kurdish tale "Shirzad Shirdil," which has not yet been fully documented, based on Joseph Campbell's (1904-1987) theory of the hero's journey. It aligns the stages of the tale with this theory and also addresses some of its symbols. The importance of the present subject is due to the cultural-literary value of folk tales and the interdisciplinary position of Campbell's theory. The main question is: How and to what extent do the stages of this tale correspond to the hero's journey? The hypothesis is that although this tale does not have all the stages of Campbell's hero's journey, it has most of them. Based on the research findings, since Shirzad is accompanied by the older dimension of his existence – Malek-Ahmad - both dimensions must necessarily attain transcendence. Therefore, to complete the hero's journey, the repetition of a stage such as the meeting with the goddess, the passage through the belly of the whale, the ultimate boon, the apotheosis, and the master of two worlds is sometimes manifested. Additionally, this tale lacks the stages of the hero's refusal of return, the magical flight, and the rescue from without. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
137 - The role of the mother in the development of human capital from the perspective of the Holy Quran
Hamidreza FatehiDevelopment, human development, and human capital development are fundamental issues in today's society. The primary purpose of this research is to describe and understand the role of the mother in the development of human capital from the perspective of the Holy Quran, MoreDevelopment, human development, and human capital development are fundamental issues in today's society. The primary purpose of this research is to describe and understand the role of the mother in the development of human capital from the perspective of the Holy Quran, which is based on the qualitative method and discourse analysis. From the point of view of the Holy Quran, the family with a good and pure life is the infrastructure for the formation of human capital, and the mother is the axis of human capital in the family. A daughter is a great boon for becoming a mother in the future which is the basis for the formation of sublime human beings. The mother's physical and mental health, nutrition, peace, and spiritual states, especially during pregnancy, breastfeeding, and childhood, and her ability to raise a child are essential and sensitive in the formation of human capital. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
138 - Managing the factors influencing the spiritual education of preschool children by presenting a model
mahdi bayati سید شمس الدین Hashemi علیرضا Faghihi۱۱۷۹/۵۰۰۰The present study aimed to investigate the factors affecting the spiritual education of preschool children and provide a model. In terms of purpose, research can be considered as applied research and in terms of mixed nature (qualitative and quantitative). The More۱۱۷۹/۵۰۰۰The present study aimed to investigate the factors affecting the spiritual education of preschool children and provide a model. In terms of purpose, research can be considered as applied research and in terms of mixed nature (qualitative and quantitative). The research community in the qualitative section (extraction of factors affecting children's spiritual upbringing) were related internal and external sources, which were selected using targeted sampling method and snowball and helped the researcher to saturate the information. In the quantitative section, the total number of preschool teachers in the north, south, east, west and center of Tehran was 5,000, and according to Karajsi and Morgan table, 358 of them were estimated as a sample and through stratified sampling method. O were selected in proportion to the volume ... The research findings in the qualitative section indicated that the spiritual education of preschool children is influenced by three main factors: sense of awareness, sense of worth and mystical feeling. In the quantitative section, the instructors of the preschool course in Tehran confirmed the validity of the extracted model. Therefore, policy makers and curriculum planners in preschool and elementary school can take appropriate measures to implement the desired and quality of spiritual development by using the conceptual model extracted. Instructors will also be able to apply the existing model based on practical teaching experiences to have more meaningful spiritual teaching. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
139 - The archetypal criticism of the hero’s journey in the story of "the seven trials of Esfandyar” based on Joseph Campbell’s theory
raheleh abdolahzade borzu Mohammad ReihaniThe subject matter of this research is the analysis of the symbols used in the story of the seven trials of Esfandyar based on the theory of individuation process by Jung which finds expression in Joseph campbell’s theory of monomyth. In order to attain indi MoreThe subject matter of this research is the analysis of the symbols used in the story of the seven trials of Esfandyar based on the theory of individuation process by Jung which finds expression in Joseph campbell’s theory of monomyth. In order to attain individuation, Campbell has considered a pattern for mythic heroes’ journey consisting of three main stages of departure, initiation, and return. The journey of Esfandyar in seven trials is examined according to this pattern and its minor stages. The Persian consciousness portrayed in Esfandyar’s profile is after Touran which is his unconscious. He journeys to this land. He who is a symbol of archetypal hero, attempts to unite with his unconscious within. With the aid of a wise mentor and occult forces, first in the seven trials Esfandyar accompanies the shadow, and then upon initiation and overcoming the carnal soul with three animas within attains unity. With a blessing acquired from this journey he returns to his society to gain power promised from the consciousness to reform and improve the society. The fact that Esfandyar later confronts Rostam and steps on a way with no return states the fact that in his exemplified journey he could not have united with his unconscious. Denied of the individuation process, together with his incomplete quest to reach wholeness, is the reason why he could not ascend the throne and unfortunately perishes half way through life. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
140 - The analysis of the quality of the awakening of the hero within in character of Seyavash and Kay Khosrow based on the theory of Pearson- K. Marr
Mohammad Javad Assarian Sayyed Ali Ghasemzadeh Mohammad Hossein SardaghiWithout a doubt Shahnameh is a universal text whose humane ethical system goes far beyond the race and geographic barriers. Hence it is not surprising to see the rare capacity of Shahnameh to accommodate so many characters and to attribute world symbols and human MoreWithout a doubt Shahnameh is a universal text whose humane ethical system goes far beyond the race and geographic barriers. Hence it is not surprising to see the rare capacity of Shahnameh to accommodate so many characters and to attribute world symbols and human character archetypes to them. This research is based on the psychological and archetypal approach used by Carol S. Pearson and Hugh K. Marr in the theory of “Awakening the hero within” and Joseph Campbell’s theory in “The hero’s journey”. Descriptive analytic method was used to prove the above theories in life stories of Seyavash and Kay khosrow in Shahnameh. The result of this analysis seems to suggest that their lives begin with the archetype “orphan” becomes intrinsic in them despite the changes brought about in their characters and in their life condition, this archetype almost evolves symbolically with death in Siayvash. The outward and objective expression of this evolutionary transformation and awakening is manifested in Kay Khosrow in the form of “sage” archetype which leads to his awakening. Therefore the process of Ferdowsi’s characterization from Seyavash to Kay Khosrow both from the aspect of cycle of life and death ( Plant god and martyre in Seyavash’s being to fertility goddess and life in Kay Khosrow’s being) and the quality of the here’s journey are complementary. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
141 - Nezami’s path of intellectual development in Saghinameh
Reza Haydari Nouri Ahmad khatamiOne of the most enchanting genres of Persian poetry is Saghinameh. It is employed to express a variety of subjects. Hakim Nezami has a number of Saghinamehs which are more often concerned with mystical, moral and romantic issues. The purpose of this ar MoreOne of the most enchanting genres of Persian poetry is Saghinameh. It is employed to express a variety of subjects. Hakim Nezami has a number of Saghinamehs which are more often concerned with mystical, moral and romantic issues. The purpose of this article is to trace Nezami’s intellectual development in two Saghinamehs, included in two romantic verses of Laily and Majnoon and Sharafnameh. According to social, political and cultural circumstances he raises various subject matters with a mastery of style which is the outcome of his intellectual sophistication and maturity. Sometimes upon expressing mystical concepts he takes his audience to heavens and at times he takes them to the Eden of love and invites them to the impeccable pure world of piety. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
142 - A Study on Political Stands of Levant Arabs During the Caliphate of Imam Ali (PBUH)
Akram Al Sadat Hosseini یحیی میر حسینیAfter the assassination of ʿUthmān, the third caliph, that the Levant (Shāmāt) raised the opposition flag against the government of Imam Ali (PBUH), and the Levant was introduced as Umayyad unified land. However, in some reports, it has been mentioned about groups that MoreAfter the assassination of ʿUthmān, the third caliph, that the Levant (Shāmāt) raised the opposition flag against the government of Imam Ali (PBUH), and the Levant was introduced as Umayyad unified land. However, in some reports, it has been mentioned about groups that were not associated with the Levantines masses, and separated themselves from Muawiya's army. This research which is organized by descriptive-analytical method with a focus on behaviors has divided the Residents of Levant into two groups: “companionship” and “non-companionship” and then analyzed the political stands of the Levant Arabs in relation to the way of supporting or opposing Mu'awiyah. The research results show that the influence of Byzantine-religious beliefs, Muawiyah's use of foreign chief policy, urbanization and homogeneity of the population, totalitarianism and blackmail had the greatest effect on Levantines subordination from Muawiyah. Moreover, We can point to the following factors as other reasons for accompanying Muawiyah: the presence of Imam Ali (PBUH) followers in Levant, the policies of Imam Ali (PBUH) in Levantines awareness, the policy of neutrality, profit seeking and religious caution. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
143 - Beginning of Im§m AlÊ (PBUH) Caliphate: Retrieving and Authentication of Al-Ya’qåbÊ’s Narrations
Somayeh Amin Roaya JazehTarikh Al-Ya’qubi, written by Ahmad ibn Abi Ya’qub (d. 284 AH), is one of the general histories that has been compiled in a combined method; that is it presents a whole coherent account of a historical event by removing the chain of narrator as well as integrating sever MoreTarikh Al-Ya’qubi, written by Ahmad ibn Abi Ya’qub (d. 284 AH), is one of the general histories that has been compiled in a combined method; that is it presents a whole coherent account of a historical event by removing the chain of narrator as well as integrating several records of a same event. There are some factors in Tarikh Al-Ya’qubi that make it necessary to retrieve its resources as well as authentication of its narrations: the removal of the chain of narrator, the inconsistency of some reports with the accounts of other well-known contemporary resources (Al-Tabaqat Al-Kubra by Ibn-Sa’d, Tarikh Khalifa Khayyat Ibn Qutaybah’s, Al-Imamah Wa al Siyasah, etc) as well as subsequent authentic (Al- Fotuh Ibn- A’tham, Al-Isti’ab by Ibn Abd Al-Barr, Sharh Nahj Al- Balaghah by Ibn Abi Al-Hadid, etc) and specifically including unheard and Shiite narrations. The main questions of this research include: What are the sources of Tarikh Al-Ya’qubi? Are they sufficiently credible? And most importantly, what was Al-Ya’qubi’s criteria in authenticating the narrations? According to the research findings, although Al-Ya’qubi’s accounts on The year, month and day of Uthman, The first to pledge allegiance (Talha), etc are valid and in line with other sources, his history -influenced by his Shiite attitudes or other unknown factors- sometimes includes different and rare accounts as allegiance of all people by Ali except three people Quraysh, The role of five representatives of Ansar in allegiance by Ali, etc, the resource of which is not known. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
144 - Earth worm role on bioremediation of lead and cadmium heavy metals in maize
Ali Eftekhari Morteza Sam Daliri Hamid Reza Mobasser Amir Hosein Shirani Rad Ali Reza ValadabadiTo investigate the earthworm role in bio-remediation of lead and cadmium heavy metals and changes in their adsorption trend in corn, a pot experiment was carried out as factorial based on randomized completely block design with three replications in 2011. The treated po MoreTo investigate the earthworm role in bio-remediation of lead and cadmium heavy metals and changes in their adsorption trend in corn, a pot experiment was carried out as factorial based on randomized completely block design with three replications in 2011. The treated pots received 20 earthworm individuals with 0, 150 and 300 mg/kg of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb). The increase of Cd and Pb concentrations led to higher Cd and Pb accumulation in grains. Pb highly accumulated in roots; however, Cd root accumulation was 63% less. Also, an increment of 14% was observed in plant tolerance index in presence of earthworm up-taking considerable amount of Pb and Cd. More tolerated plants against Pb was because of higher Pb translocation to shoots than Cd. Higher concentrations of Pb and Cd in soils severely decreased earthworm population and increased their accumulation in earthworm, indicating the success of the earthworm in the bio-remediation of heavy metals. Furthermore, Pb accumulated in higher levels than Cd in earthworm bodies. Therefore, earthworm application is recommended in bio-remediation of soils contaminated to heavy metals. Manuscript profile
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