Olive

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1 - The effect of adding olive leaves on starter culture and sensory properties of fermented Doogh
Nadia Ahmadi Negin Ahmadi

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2 - Estimated production function and productivity of the olive production in zanjan (tarom city case study)
Yadollah rajaei Shaghayegh Ketabian

Productivity has been an issue since the beginning of human history and all the economic and political systems to improve lives and build a more prosperous community has also been problamtic. Therefore, today productivity is the most effective way to achieve economic gr More

Productivity has been an issue since the beginning of human history and all the economic and political systems to improve lives and build a more prosperous community has also been problamtic. Therefore, today productivity is the most effective way to achieve economic growth, given the scarcity of resources. Therefore, in the field of economic research and analysis to determine the optimal allocation of factors of production and productivity in the different, sectors of agriculture seems necessary. Since local conditions and geography of each region is different so the most important regional research is for increased production and removal of area farmersۥۥ problems. This Study is aimed to assess the TPF Olive crop Tarom city, on 181 samples taken. Statistics and information Needed, the Cross-sectional data from the 2011 crop year by a two-tage cluster sampling method by completing the questionnaire and interview with Tarom farmers were collected. After the required information, by ordinary least squares method to estimate the production function olives was with two Cobb-Douglas and transcendental functions. According to Model selection criteria, the Cobb- Douglas was selected, followed by using the production function selected, Partial productivity measured and examined. The results of this study showed that, average productivity of Bearer, fertilized trees input, work force, water, machinery, Poison positive. Also, marginal productivity of Machinery are negative, Poison and Bearer, work force and water are positive. JEL Classification: C14, C31, D24 Manuscript profile

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3 - Preparation and Characterization of Activated Carbon derived from olive stone as adsorbent for Congo Red
S. Javad Hosseini H. Aghaie M. Ghaedi

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4 - Study of effect of olive oil on re-epithelialization of epithelial tissue in excision wound healing model in rats
Abooei Mehrizi, M., Eidi A., Mortazavi, P. .

Olive oil has been used for medical purposes. It has beneficial effects on cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. The objective of this study was to find out the efficacy of topical administration of olive oil on dermal wound healin More

Olive oil has been used for medical purposes. It has beneficial effects on cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. The objective of this study was to find out the efficacy of topical administration of olive oil on dermal wound healing in rats. After creating full-thickness skin wounds on the back of 60 male Wistar rats, rats randomly divided into six groups, as control, sham, treatment and standard. Control group was intact. Sham group received eucerin as vehicle. Treated group received the olive oil at doses 2, 5 and 10%, dissolved in eucerin. Standard group were treated with phenytoin ointment 1%. Wound healing rats were calculated on days 3, 7, 11, 14, 18 and 21 post-wounding and the wound tissues were harvested at 3, 7, 14 and 21 days for histological studies. All of rats were sacrificed, and the skin around incision area was dissected and stained by Masson’s trichrome methods for tissue analysis. The results indicated a significant decrease in the diameter of wound in the treated and standard groups comparing to the control groups. A significant increase in the rate of re-epithelialization was observed at 14 days in the treated and standard groups compared to the control group. The results demonstrate that olive oil significantly accelerates cutaneous wound healing and its effect may be due to the increased re-epithelialization. It was concluded that it can be considered as a therapeutic agent for wound healing Manuscript profile

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5 - The Effect of Ultrasound-Assisted Conditions on the Extraction of Phenolic Compounds and Flavonoids from Autumn Olive Fruits (Elaeagnus umbellate)
سعیده Khademi شاهین Mardani Nejad

Introduction:   Plants are rich source of phenolic compounds (phenolic acids, flavonoids and tannins) that are natural antioxidants. The purpose of the present study was to use two   ultrasonic methods including probe and bath for the extraction of phenol More

Introduction:   Plants are rich source of phenolic compounds (phenolic acids, flavonoids and tannins) that are natural antioxidants. The purpose of the present study was to use two   ultrasonic methods including probe and bath for the extraction of phenolic compounds and   flavonoids from autumn olive and   evaluate the ability of the extracts to scavenge DPPH free radical using three extraction solvents consisting of water, 80% methanol and 70% ethanol. Materials and Methods:   Water, 80% methanol and 70% ethanol were used as extracting solvents and the effect of different extraction periods (30, 60 and 90 min) for bath method and   5, 10 and 20 min for probe method were evaluated on the extraction of phenolic compounds.   Results:   The results showed that in the probe method of ultrasonic, the highest phenolic compounds (13.8 ± 0.05 milligrams gallic acid/ g dried sample) and DPPH radical scavenging   activity (98.94%) were obtained using70% ethanol as solvent within 20 minutes of extraction   period. In the ultra sound bath, the highest extraction rate of phenolic compounds (15.82 ±   0.057mg gallic acid equivalent/ g dry sample) and flavonoids (7.09 ± 0. 110 mg of quercetin   per gram of dry sample) were obtained by the application of 70% ethanol within 90 minutes.   Conclusion:   The results indicated that the probe and bath methods of ultrasound had different effects on extraction of bioactive compounds from autumn olive. In each extraction method,   the rate of extraction of phenolic compounds and flavonoids were solvent dependent and in all   the extraction method, 70% ethanol showed the best effect as extracting solvent   . Manuscript profile

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6 - Assessment of the Chemicals and Oxidative Properties of Imported Extra Virgin Olive Oils
فایق Moloudi پیمان Ghajarbeigi اشرف Haj Hosseini Babaei اصغر Mohammadpour Asl

Introduction: Olive oil is one of the most consuming oil and plays important roles in humanhealth and nutrition. Due to the fact that most olive oils consumed in Iran are imported,therefore the control and olive oil regulations have important roles in food safety andcon More

Introduction: Olive oil is one of the most consuming oil and plays important roles in humanhealth and nutrition. Due to the fact that most olive oils consumed in Iran are imported,therefore the control and olive oil regulations have important roles in food safety andconsumption. This study evaluates the chemical characteristics of imported extra virgin oliveoils.Materials and Methods: In this research work eight samples of extra virgin olive oils wereexamined for fatty acid composition, acidity, peroxide value, anisidine value, totox value andoxidative stability (Rancimat) according to the Iranian National Standards.Results: The results of fatty acid composition as expected for olive oils indicated that oleicacid was the predominant monounsaturated fatty acid with smaller quantities of saturated fattyacids namely palmitic and stearic acids and polyunsaturated fatty acid such as linoleic acid.Other examined factors such as acid, peroxide, anisidine, totax values and oxidative stabilitywere different among the oils that might indicate different qualitative factors involved amongthe oils.Conclusion: Interpretation of the data suggests that the measured factors are in the standardrange, however some other features namely climate and agricultural conditions might affectthe quality of the product. Manuscript profile

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7 - A Comparative Study Concerned with Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC) and Fatty Acid Profile Methods to Detect the Adulteration of Sunflower Seed Oil in Extra Virgin Olive Oil
A. Pashaei F. Shovakhi M. Fahimdanesh F. Badei A. Rahmani

Introduction: Extra virgin olive oil represents the popular source of oil in the Mediterriancountries. The price of extra virgin olive oil is increasing rapidly in the world market, due tomany factors namely special organoleptic and health attributes. Therefore this pop More

Introduction: Extra virgin olive oil represents the popular source of oil in the Mediterriancountries. The price of extra virgin olive oil is increasing rapidly in the world market, due tomany factors namely special organoleptic and health attributes. Therefore this popular oilmight be subjected to adulteration. In this research, the application of Differential ScanningCalorimeter (DSC) and fatty acid profile methods to detect the adulteration of sunflower seedoil in extra virgin olive oil has been studied.Materials and Methods: Refined sunflower seed oil was added to extra virgin olive oil atdifferent portions (5, 10, 15 and 20 percent) and the thermal analysis of the samples wereperformed using DSC and the fatty acid composition of the samples were determined by GCapparatus.Results: The results of the thermal analysis showed that the addition of sunflower seed oilcreated significant changes in cooling and heating thermograms of DSC. The enthalpy, onsetand maximum temperature of major crystallization peak for at least 10% adulteration and theenthalpy and maximum temperature of minor melting peak for 5% adulteration indicatedsignificant differences as compared to the extra virgin olive oil (P<0.05). The results alsoindicated that the major fatty acids in the mixture with at least 5% sunflower seed oil showedsignificant differences as compared to extra virgin olive oil (P<0.05). The quantities ofbehenic and linoleic acids in the mixtures of 15 and 20 % added sunflower seed oil to olive oilindicated higher amounts than those defined as standard values.maximum limit of standardvalue.Conclusion: The DSC method might be evaluated as a valuable method to detect theadulteration of refined sunflower seed oil in extra virgin olive oil however this method has itslimitations regarding the percent of added oil. Manuscript profile

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8 - Evaluation of α-Tocopherol and β-Sitosterol in Distillates of Refined Olive Oil
F. Kalateh Seifari M. Ghavami B. Ghiassi Tarzi

Introduction: Olive oil, as the major source of lipids in the diet, has a high amount of unsaturated fatty acids and biological components such as phenolic antioxidants that could prevent the destructive effect of free radicals and mutation of cell structures. The nonsa More

Introduction: Olive oil, as the major source of lipids in the diet, has a high amount of unsaturated fatty acids and biological components such as phenolic antioxidants that could prevent the destructive effect of free radicals and mutation of cell structures. The nonsaponifiable components of vegetable oils are good sources of specific compounds such as sterols, tocopherols, squalene, fatty acids, and other substances. The aim of this investigation is to determine the components in particular α-Tocopherol and β-Sitosterol through deodorization process and have been accumulated in the distillate tank.Materials and Methods: Olive oil and distillates were provided by Roghan-e-Ziton Nabe Tavakoly manufacturing company. Sterols ad tocopherols were evaluated before and after the deodorization process and in the distilled tank. Qualitative and quantitative determination of sterols and tocopherols were conducted using gas chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography after the extraction of nonsaponifiable matters.Results: The results showed that the deodorization process decreased the nonsaponifiable matters of olive oil such as sterols, tocopherols, hydrocarbons and some other components namely free fatty acids. Due to the lower temperature of the deodorization process for olive oil, in comparison to soyabean or sunflower oils, the accumulation of these components in the distilled tank were lower. There was no significant difference between sterol composition in distilled tank and oil samples.Conclusion: Collected compounds in the distilled tank are valuable sources of vegetable sterols and α-tocopherol which might be employed in food and pharmaceutical formulation and industries. Manuscript profile

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9 - Evaluation of the Effect of Refining Operations on Olive Oil Sterols in Iranian Oil Industry
M. Azadeh Ranjbar A. Ghavami

Introduction: Olive oil due to the unique characteristics being monounsaturated, resistant to oxidation, having considerable quantities of phenolic compounds namely α-tocopherol, being liquid at room temperature with excellent taste and aroma might be regarded as More

Introduction: Olive oil due to the unique characteristics being monounsaturated, resistant to oxidation, having considerable quantities of phenolic compounds namely α-tocopherol, being liquid at room temperature with excellent taste and aroma might be regarded as a healthy oil. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of refining operation on the sterol content of olive oil in Iran's oil industry. Materials and Methods: Samples were prepared before and after refining from three brands of olive oil production industries. Each sample was subjected to determination of iodine, saponification values and isolation of non saponifiable mater. The samples were also subjected to fatty acid and sterol analyses and compositions according to the standard methods defined nationally. Results: The results of this study indicated that small changes in fatty acid composition and values related to fatty acids have occurred. The study also indicated that the sterols have been affected by refining operations and has been lost and collected mainly in the distillate. Conclusion: The results of this study confirms that olive oil refining affects the quantities of sterols and these compounds with others namely tocopherols are collected in the distillate. Therefore distillate collected after deodorization of olive oil might be considered as a valuable fraction to be used in industries. Manuscript profile

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10 - The Effect of Refining Processes on the Physiochemical Characteristics of Olive Oils Extracted From Two Olive Cultivars (Bladi & Arbequina)
Masome Sadat Mir rezaee Rodaki Mohamad ali Sahari Babak ghiassi Tarzi Maryam Gharachorloo Mohsen Barzegar

Introduction: Olive oil is a valuable and popular oil among the oils consumed and the demand for its production and consumption is increasing continuously. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of refining operation on the physico-chemical chara More

Introduction: Olive oil is a valuable and popular oil among the oils consumed and the demand for its production and consumption is increasing continuously. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of refining operation on the physico-chemical characteristics of virgin and refined olive oils. Materials and Methods: Two olive cultivars (Bladi and Arbequina) were collected from Fadak Farm (Iran – Qom region). The oils were extracted, bleached and deodorised using two different conditions. The first batch was bleached and deodorized at 50 for 30 minutes and the second batch was bleached at 70 and deodorized at 135 for 45 minutes. Tests concerned with the determination of fatty acid composition, free fatty acid content, peroxide value, conjugated dienes and trienes, total poly phenols, colour and induction periods were carried out on the oils. Results: The results indicated that moisture, oil content of whole fruit, kernel and pulp were significantly different. Fatty acid compositions were not affected after the two treatment methods with the exception of Bladi variety that slight changes concerned with saturated and unsaturated acids occurred. The total polyphenols in Bladi and Arbequina varieties in the first treatment were 51.87% and 34.92% and in the second treatment were 68.67% and 92.67%, respectively. Conjugated dienes and trienes for each sample after the treatment decreased and increased respectively and the change after the second treatment was higher. Conclusion: The application of higher temperature for longer period affected both oils qualitatively. However the changes in acidity and peroxide values were similar. Manuscript profile

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11 - Providing a New Formulation Using Tamarindus indica and Origanum vulgare in Marinated Olives
M. Fahim Danesh S. T. Ezzati

Introduction: Marinated olives using various herbs, spices and pastes have become quite popular and demanding. This research work is concerned in providing new formulations of marinated olives using various concentrations of tamarind and oregano. Materials and Methods: More

Introduction: Marinated olives using various herbs, spices and pastes have become quite popular and demanding. This research work is concerned in providing new formulations of marinated olives using various concentrations of tamarind and oregano. Materials and Methods: Chemical evaluations concerned with pH, acidity, salt and antioxidant activities and microbiological evaluations concerned with lactic acid bacteria, molds and entrobacter followed by sensory evaluations related to aroma, color, taste and texture were carried out according to the defined standard. Results: The results indicated a decrease in pH and consequently an increase in acidity with a statistical analysis of 95% (p<0.05) using Duncan procedure. Both pomegranate paste and tamarind contain high concentrations of phenolic compounds that could act as primary antioxidants. By increasing tamarind concentration in relation to pomegranate paste, lactic acid bacteria were observed. The application of dried oregano increased molds growth as compared to the control without oregano. Salt concentration within the permitted limit had little effect on the growth of microorganisms. Conclusion: The samples containing 10% tamarind and 1% oregano scored the highest regarding the taste and flavor of the samples. The texture and color of the formulated product were not affected during 120 days of storage at 4 C. Manuscript profile

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12 - Evaluation of Changes in Phenolic Compounds of Two Varieties of Olives during the Course of Maturation
S. Z. Bolandnazar S. H. Hoseini M. Servili M. Ghavami

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13 - Determination of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Olive and Refined Pomace Olive Oils using HPLC/FLD
Z. Taghvaee Z. Piravivanak K. Rezaei M. Faraji

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14 - Evaluation of Chemical Characteristics of Extra Virgin Olive Oils Extracted from Three Monovarieties of Mari, Arbequina and Koroneiki in Fadak and Gilvan Regions
M. Homapour M. Ghavami Z. Piravivanak E.S. Hosseini

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15 - Estimating the Economic Value and Environmental Benefits Olive Garden (Case study: Qom Province)
Zeinab Kourehpazan Elham Forootan

The economic value estimation of environmental resources is known as an approach to familiarize people with the services and products provided by environmental functions. So, in this research, the economic income of  olive garden with 50 hectares located in Langeru More

The economic value estimation of environmental resources is known as an approach to familiarize people with the services and products provided by environmental functions. So, in this research, the economic income of  olive garden with 50 hectares located in Langerud village of Qom Province were evaluated with respect to environmental factors (goods and important environmental services such as oxygen production, carbon sequestration and services relating to soil conservation) and without considering it (only estimating the cost / income economy) based on  cost –value methods. The results of the study revealed that olive garden total income including environmental value and economic net income were equal to 21,871,565.23 million Rial whereas; total net income without environmental income were 35948,795 million Rial in the period of 1383-1395. Ecological function income of oxygen production, carbon sequestration and soil nutrient maintain were 20,022,449.07, 1,746,331.14, 2210.319 million Rials, respectively. The results also verified the highest environmental value was related to oxygen production. Manuscript profile

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16 - Identification of soil actinomycetes and their effects in olive (Olea europea L.) variety Conservalia
Parvin Bagheri Farah Farahani soheil Aghaei

Objective: Actinomycetes are useful for biocontrol against soil fungi and increase seed growth, plant weight and yield in some crops. In this study, the isolation, identification and investigation of the population of Streptomyces species in the agricultural soil of C B More

Objective: Actinomycetes are useful for biocontrol against soil fungi and increase seed growth, plant weight and yield in some crops. In this study, the isolation, identification and investigation of the population of Streptomyces species in the agricultural soil of C Bagh Fadak area and the effect on the seed growth of olive (Olea europea L.) cultivar Conservalia were investigated. Materials and methods: In this study, actinomycetes were isolated from the soil of region C, then primary screening, culture and secondary screening were done by diffusion in agar and DNA extraction and the effect on seed growth of conservalia cultivar olives. DNA molecular identification was done for all the isolates andtheir  rRNA 16s genes were amplified by PCR reaction and the positive samples were sequenced. The results of phylogenetic analyzes of all recorded sequences of this gene were downloaded from the NCBI database and saved for phylogenetic analysis with Mega 7 software in FAST A format. The whole sequence of isolating, identifying and checking the population of Streptomyces species was entered into the software. Findings: 40 actinomycete bacteria were isolated from the soil of area C of Fadak garden. By performing specific tests, Streptomyces isolates were identified. Biochemical and morphological tests (stringy and white appearance) on 5 isolates confirmed the presence of streptomycetes. By producing auxin, the isolates were effective in increasing the rooting of Conservalia cultivar olive seeds. The rooting capacity of Streptomyces isolate D was statistically significant (probability level 0.05). Conclusion: Streptomyces of agricultural soils are effective on tree rooting.   Manuscript profile

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17 - Palm and Olive Motifs in Samih Alqasim's Poetry
Kobra Roshanfekr Hamed Poorheshmati

Some thoughts and events are of a prominent position in human life as if they lead human to insistence and repetition by becoming a part of his concerns and at last they represent themselves as an individual and permanent feature in his conscious and unconscious. But pe More

Some thoughts and events are of a prominent position in human life as if they lead human to insistence and repetition by becoming a part of his concerns and at last they represent themselves as an individual and permanent feature in his conscious and unconscious. But permanent repetition of the mentioned imagery represents a subject  of whose reality there is no information available under normal circumstances. Hence, repetition though, it is a linguistic-critical phenomenon, appears sometimes as a motif, in frame of a fundamental element in a poetic text, in signs and implications among which the poet included poetic codes and images to promote beauty and attraction of his text. Motif is highly significant in Samih Alqasim poetry and lets the viewer find the key hidden in his work in the form of a noun, verb or a sentence for a main point around which his poem turns. Of course the poet occasionally resorts to repetition which accompanies with insistence on temporary concern to have a certain view. As an instance, he uses palm and olive motifs each of which has been respectively iterated 51 and 69 times in his poems with sustainability goals in poetic necessity. Meanwhile, palm implies secrets such as resistance, vitality and new life and olive inspires freshness, prosperity and the poet's religious heritage tied with his patriotic feelings. This study seeks to uncover application of palm and olive motifs in Samih Alqasim poetry with reference to statistical data and emphasis on analytical-descriptive method. Manuscript profile

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18 - The effects Of hydro-alcoholic extract Of olive seed on the levels Of the gonadotropines and ovarian steroids in immature female rat
Mokhtar Mokhtari Alireza Ghanadi

Inroductionand Objective: Given the side effects of fertility drugs and other therapies,the researchers have embarked on investigating the effects of medicinal plants on reproductive processes.This study seeks to investigate the effects of hydro-alcoholic extract of oli More

Inroductionand Objective: Given the side effects of fertility drugs and other therapies,the researchers have embarked on investigating the effects of medicinal plants on reproductive processes.This study seeks to investigate the effects of hydro-alcoholic extract of olive seed on the levels of LH,FSH,estrogen and progesterone in immature female ratMaterials and Methods:The study is of experimental type carried out under laboratory conditions.In doing so,40 immature female Wistar rats,with weight difference of less than10%and age range of4-5weeks were entered into the study.The rats were divided into groups of ten as follows:control consisting of 10rats receiving nothing during the trial period of28day.sham group consisting of10rats which received 1 ml distilled water as drug solvent for 28 days,As for the experimental groups,there were 2 groups of 10 treated as follows:Experimental group consisting of two subgroups of ten receiving orally varying amounts of olive seed extract,250mg/kg and 500mg/kg for a period of 28 days.Blood sampling was performed on all the rats at the end of 28 days from ventricular region of their hearts and levels ofLH,FSH, estrogen,progesterone were measured using RIA method (technique).The obtained data were statistically analyzed by one way Anova and Tukey’s post hoc test.The level of significance was set at pResults: Statistically,a significant increase in LH hormone serum concentration was in the experimental groups receiving varying amounts of hydro alcoholic extract of olive seed after 28,compared to that in the control and sham groups.FSH serum concentration increased significantly in the experimental group receiving 500mg/kg of the extract,after28 days.As for estrogen concentration, the respective level rose significantly in the experimental group receiving 500 mg/kg after 28 days .Also, a significant increase in progesterone level was observed in the experimental group with 500mg/kg extract treatment after 28 daysConclusion:Taking into account the present study findings, we can conclude that hydro-alcoholic extract of olive seed can enhance the ovarian pituitary hormone axis activities, i.e, increase in the levels of the hormones LH, FSH,estrogen,Progesterone in immature female rats. Manuscript profile

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19 - The Effect Of Hydro-alcoholic Leaf Extract Of Olea europaea on the Levels Of Gonadotropins, Sex Hormones and Sperma togenesis in Diabetic Rat
Fatemeh Moieni Mokhtar Mokhtari Esfandiyar Sharifi

Inroduction and ObjectiveAccording to some reports, the Increase in blood glucose level leads to structural and functional changes in reproductive system. In the present study, we attempted to investigate the effect of hydro-alcoholic leaf extract of olive (Olea europae More

Inroduction and ObjectiveAccording to some reports, the Increase in blood glucose level leads to structural and functional changes in reproductive system. In the present study, we attempted to investigate the effect of hydro-alcoholic leaf extract of olive (Olea europaea L.) on the levels of gonadotropin, sex hormones and spermatogenesis in diabetic male rats.Materials and Methods:48 adult male wistar rats each weighing about 220-250g was randomly divided into six groups of eight. These groups included: control group which left untreated; sham group which received distilled water; experimental group 1 ,received only 500 mg.kg-1 leaf extract; experimental group 2(diabetic control) receiving only Streptozotocin; and diabetic experimental groups 3and 4 receiving 250 and 500 mg.kg-1 extract respectively. The extract was administered daily by gavageing method for 21 days. Blood samples were taken from all groups and serum levels of LH, FSH, testosterone and Dihydro testosterone were measured by RIA. In this study, the histological changes in testis were cross examined and compared between experimental , control and sham groups.Data were analyzed by SPSS software using ANOVA and Tokay tests, and PResults:Levels of LH, FSH, testosterone and Dihydro testosterone showed a significant decrease in the diabetic control group in respect to control and sham groups (P-1)exhibited a significant increase, compared to them in experimental group 2(diabetic control).Conclusion: Extract hydro-alcoholic olive leaf, can reduce the side effects of diabetes on levels of gonadotropins, sex hormones, spermatogenesis and can improve pituitary – testis axsis in diabetic rat. Manuscript profile

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20 - The Effect Of Hydro-alcoholic Leaf Extract Of Olea europaea on the Levels Of Gonadotropins, Sex Hormones and Sperma togenesis in Diabetic Rat
Fatemeh Moieni

Inroduction and ObjectiveAccording to some reports, the Increase in blood glucose level leads to structural and functional changes in reproductive system. In the present study, we attempted to investigate the effect of hydro-alcoholic leaf extract of olive (Olea europae More

Inroduction and ObjectiveAccording to some reports, the Increase in blood glucose level leads to structural and functional changes in reproductive system. In the present study, we attempted to investigate the effect of hydro-alcoholic leaf extract of olive (Olea europaea L.) on the levels of gonadotropin, sex hormones and spermatogenesis in diabetic male rats.Materials and Methods:48 adult male wistar rats each weighing about 220-250g was randomly divided into six groups of eight. These groups included: control group which left untreated; sham group which received distilled water; experimental group 1 ,received only 500 mg.kg-1 leaf extract; experimental group 2(diabetic control) receiving only Streptozotocin; and diabetic experimental groups 3and 4 receiving 250 and 500 mg.kg-1 extract respectively. The extract was administered daily by gavageing method for 21 days. Blood samples were taken from all groups and serum levels of LH, FSH, testosterone and Dihydro testosterone were measured by RIA. In this study, the histological changes in testis were cross examined and compared between experimental , control and sham groups.Data were analyzed by SPSS software using ANOVA and Tokay tests, and PResults:Levels of LH, FSH, testosterone and Dihydro testosterone showed a significant decrease in the diabetic control group in respect to control and sham groups (P-1)exhibited a significant increase, compared to them in experimental group 2(diabetic control).Conclusion: Extract hydro-alcoholic olive leaf, can reduce the side effects of diabetes on levels of gonadotropins, sex hormones, spermatogenesis and can improve pituitary – testis axsis in diabetic rat. Manuscript profile

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21 - The Effect Of Hydroalcoholic Extract Of Oliveria decumbens on Kidney Functional Test and Histological Changes Induced by Cadmium Chloride in Adult Male Rat
Maryam Rahimi Kazerooni Mokhtar Mokhtari Mehrdad Shariati Somayeh Rahimi Kazerooni

Inroduction and Objective: Cadmium is an important environmental contaminant, and has various toxic effects on living beings. In this research, the effect of hydro alcoholic extract of Oliveria decumbens on the levels of Creatinin, BUN, Uric acidand kidney histological More

Inroduction and Objective: Cadmium is an important environmental contaminant, and has various toxic effects on living beings. In this research, the effect of hydro alcoholic extract of Oliveria decumbens on the levels of Creatinin, BUN, Uric acidand kidney histological changes following toxicity induced by Cadmium Chloride in rat was investigated.Material and Methods: 48 adult male Wistar rats were divided into 6 groups of 8. These groups are as follow: the Control, left untreated; the Sham, just received distilled water, the experimental group 1, treated with 2mg/kg cadmium chloride; the experimental group 2 received 500 mg/kg oliveria extract, and experimental groups 3 and 4 initially received 2mg/kg cadmium chloride followed by 250 and 500 (mg/kg) extract respectively for 21 days. At the end of experiment, all groups weighed and blood samples were taken for measuring serum levels of creatinin, BUN and uric acid.after removing the kidneys, prepared tissue sections were studied by light microscopy. Results using statistical tests were one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey test.Results: Cadmium chloride caused significant decrease in body weight and significant increase in serum levels of creatinin, BUN, uric acid and damage was the kidney tissue in comparison with control and sham groups. Where as Oliveria decumbens extract cause significant increase in body weight and significant decrease in serum levels of creatinin, BUN ,uric acid, and improve kidney damage in groups poisoned with cadmium chloride (PConclusion: The results showed that Oliveria decumbens probably a protective effects against nephrotoxicity induced by cadmium chloride and the kidney parameters. Manuscript profile

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22 - Biological and Reproductive Parameters of Olive fruit fly Bactrocera oleae (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Laboratory condition
Mohammad Javad Soroush Karim Kamali Hadi Ostovan Mahmoud Shojaei Yaghoub Fathipour

The olive fruit fly, Bactrocera oleae (Diptera:Tephritidae) is the most important and widespread pest in the olive growing countries in the world. The larvae feed upon the pulp, resulting in a significant quantitative and qualitative loss in the production of table oliv More

The olive fruit fly, Bactrocera oleae (Diptera:Tephritidae) is the most important and widespread pest in the olive growing countries in the world. The larvae feed upon the pulp, resulting in a significant quantitative and qualitative loss in the production of table olives and oil. In this research, infected fruits from infected areas were collected and biological and reproductive parameters were evaluated at 27 ± 1°C, 60-70 % RH and photoperiod of 16L: 8D on olive fruit, Zard variety. Because of internal function of immature stages of the pest, we supposed that the gross hatch rate was equal to 1 and survival rate (lx) of adults was compared with the initial egg number. Results showed that incubation period of eggs, larval and pupal stages lasted  in 3.26 ± 0.095, 13.13 ± 0.28 and 9.13 ±  0.34 days respectively. Development time of the pest in suitable condition was 25.53 ± 0.48 days. Pre-oviposition time, oviposition time and post-oviposition time was 5.64 ± 0.31, 51.64 ± 1.73 and 4.07 ± 0.68 days respectively.  The average of adult longevity for males was 38.57  ± 2.56 and for females was  61.36  ±2.15 days. The total number of laid eggs laid in suitable conditions was 214.25 ± 22.38 per female (139-256). The sex ratio was 1.1: 1, female: male. The survival rate until last stages of life cycle was equal to 1 but in this time some females was dead that it appeared as fluctuations in the rate. The gross and net fecundity and fertility rate of the pest on olive fruits was 118.20 and 46.97 respectively, because the gross hatch rate was supposed equal to 1. Mean egg per day was 1.90 and mean eggs/female/day was 0.89. Mean fertile eggs per day  and mean fertile eggs/female/day were equal to 1.90 and 0.89 too.  Results of showed that generation time (T) was 58.18 days, doubling time (DT) was 8.88 days, finite rate of increase (λ) was 1.08 and intrinsic rate of increase (rm) was 0.078. Manuscript profile

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23 - Distribution and estimating fruit yield reduction in the commercial olive cultivars (Olea europaea L.) due to verticillium wilt in Guilan province
Mahmoud HOSHYASR-FARD Hoshyasr-Fard

During 2016-17, we determined the extent of Verticillium wilt (VW) coverage in 49 olive orchards from five districts including of Rahmat-Abad, Rostam-Abad, Roudbar, Manjil and Lowshan (Guilan provinc, northern Iran) by using of a Geographic Information System (GIS). For More

During 2016-17, we determined the extent of Verticillium wilt (VW) coverage in 49 olive orchards from five districts including of Rahmat-Abad, Rostam-Abad, Roudbar, Manjil and Lowshan (Guilan provinc, northern Iran) by using of a Geographic Information System (GIS). For estimating of the olive yield reduction due to WV, three commercial olive orchards in Rostam Abad, Roodbar and Lowshan districts which had optimal, moderate and poorly horticultural managed conditions were selected, respectively. The olive fruit yield reductions in susceptible, moderately resistant and resistant (tolerant) olive cultivars due to WV were estimated based on WV severity and index using the regression analysis. It was found that WV occurred in 28.6% of the inspected olive orchards. The WV symptoms generally become more severe as the season progresses from winter 2016 to summer 2017 (2 to 17.9%). The fruit yield reduction was estimated at 11.3 to 39.4% in districts of Rostam-Abad, Roudbar and Lowshan. Regression analysis revealed the mean fruit yield per tree decreased by 13.61, 27.23, 40.84 and 54.46 % in VW tolerant cultivar Arbequin and 19.32, 36.09, 57.97,77.29 % in VW susceptible cultivar Zard for each unit increase in disease rate (Coefficient of yield reduction % in each rate of VW infected tree). Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

24 - The effect of aerobic and resistance exercise with olive extract on VO2 max, PTEN, and AKT in rats with Parkinson's disease
Seyedeh Soheila Bolhagh Ramin Shabani Donya Sajedi

Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

25 - Biological study of olive leaf moth, Palpita unionalis Hbn. (Lep., Pyralidae) in Golestan province, Iran
J. Alavi

The olive leaf moth, Palpita unionalis Hubner, is one of the most important pest of olive trees in Golestan province. The larva attacks young shoots and feed on leaf parenchyma. In heavy infestations larvae also attack the fruits of late ripen cultivars. Biological stud More

The olive leaf moth, Palpita unionalis Hubner, is one of the most important pest of olive trees in Golestan province. The larva attacks young shoots and feed on leaf parenchyma. In heavy infestations larvae also attack the fruits of late ripen cultivars. Biological studies in controlled and field conditions, during 2001-2003, showed that the insect has six generations per year in Gorgan. Adults of overwintered larvae appeared by the end of winter and adults of the first generation appeared in mid-March. Insect overwintered as larva among leaves on olive trees. Eggs were laid on the lower surface of terminal rows of leaves, most of eggs were laid solitary. Results showed that, the present work, the mean number of eggs that was laid by each female, was 231. Eggs hatched after 2.5 days, the larva and pupa stage duration were 21.5 and 8.6 days, respectively. Nearly most of pupae were formed in cocoons in the soil. The average longevity of female and male adults was 14 and 13.6 days, respectively.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

26 - Investigating the Quality of Exported Olives and its Iimpact on the Global Market Supply
Samane Lajevardi Shaban Ali Khoshkar Moghaddam

10.30495/qafj.2022.1955594.1026

Quality food preservation, and paying attention to global developments with the aim of increasing transnational cooperation between producing countries, improves supply in the world market. The purpose of this study is to investigate the factors of maintaining the quali More

Quality food preservation, and paying attention to global developments with the aim of increasing transnational cooperation between producing countries, improves supply in the world market. The purpose of this study is to investigate the factors of maintaining the quality of olive export product and solutions to meet the supply challenge in the global market. The implementation method is descriptive and based on survey. Therefore, according to the conceptual model, a researcher-made questionnaire was prepared in the form of 4 factors and 40 indicators. This questionnaire has been distributed in the statistical population of 50 companies in the field of olive export in Tehran and Rudbar. The results through AHP method and combining coefficients, and pairwise comparison of factors show that the factor of "health, hygiene and environment" and its indicators have the most important role in the quality of exported olives and in the global market supply. After that, "public and private sector policy" is an important factor. Also, a coherent strategy between producers and exporters in global marketing, alignment of supervisory boards, and the creation of a scalable database by regional brands, and the provision of quality information and the authenticity of olive oil have played an important role in the global market supply. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

27 - Multi-Layer Modeling of Supply Chain for Products with Limited Lifespan (Case Study: Olive Oil in ETKA’s Stores)
Mohammad Samie Mohammadi Mahdi Yousefi Nejad Attari

Studying the Supply chain for products with the limited lifespan is important not only in the supply chain but also in production and distribution of food. One of these products is the Olive oil produced by the ETKA Company, whose production and distribution always have More

Studying the Supply chain for products with the limited lifespan is important not only in the supply chain but also in production and distribution of food. One of these products is the Olive oil produced by the ETKA Company, whose production and distribution always have different challenges with regard to their limited life. Therefore, in this study, considering the current status of the supply chain of the supermarket stores in three levels of producer, storage, and distributor, a new model for determining the optimal distribution that leads to lower costs in the company is presented. Firstly, the three-level model was presented and described and then using the GAMS software and also the GA algorithm and by using the information received from the company, the optimum distribution of olive oil was determined. Based on the results obtained from the model’s solution, implementation of the model for the supermarket stores not only determines the optimal distribution but also leads to lower costs, which can be spent on investment in different sectors. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

28 - Oviposition preference of Jasmine whitefly Aleuroclava jasmini on two olive varieties in Tehran city
Masoumeh Darvishi Neda Kheradpir

Jasmine whitefly Aleuroclava jasmini, is an economic serious pest with high level of yield damage in citrus orchards which is mainly controlled by chemical methods. Planting the resistant plants could be a very helpful replacement method for chemical control which neith More

Jasmine whitefly Aleuroclava jasmini, is an economic serious pest with high level of yield damage in citrus orchards which is mainly controlled by chemical methods. Planting the resistant plants could be a very helpful replacement method for chemical control which neither has the negative impact of the chemical control on environment, nor impacts on the other controlling methods. Olive trees belonging to Oleaceae and as a very important host for the whitefly species has been selected in this experiment. Oviposition rate of the female jasmine whiteflies were counted daily on two main olive varieties, Yellow and Manzanila, under 27±2 °c, RH=60±5% and photoperiod of 16L:8D. The results showed that higher oviposition rate on Manzanila proved that it would be a more suitable host for jasmine host. The obtained results would be applied in jasmine whitefly management programs in Tehran city.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

29 - Isolation and identification of lactobacilli from Iranian olive samples
Sheida Ghadiry-Afshar Roozbeh Yalfani Mehdi Ebrahimi

Probiotics are defined as live microorganisms that when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit on the host and they can prevent from or cure some diseases. Most probiotics are strains of Bifidobacterium or Lactobacillus species. The Lactobacillus genu More

Probiotics are defined as live microorganisms that when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit on the host and they can prevent from or cure some diseases. Most probiotics are strains of Bifidobacterium or Lactobacillus species. The Lactobacillus genus consists of a genetically and physiologically diverse group of rod-shaped, Gram-positive, non-spore forming, non-pigmenetd, catalase negative and microaerophilic to strictly anaerobic. Olive green is one of the oldest plant which used as an important food and has a key role in health, prevention and control of digestive, blood, and heart disease. It may be a proper carier for transporting of probiotics. Therefore, this property of olive green evaluated. In this study, 16 olive sample (packed, unpacked, and crude) were prepared to isolation of Lactobacilli. After isolation of total bacteria, morphological, cultural, and biochemical tests were used to identification of lactobacillus species. Finally, 4 strain of Lactobacillus plantarum and 1 strain of Lactobacillus acidophilus were identified. Our results shows that, in addition to many food advantages, olive green can be a carrier of probiotics. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

30 - The effect of combining mord (Myrtus communis) leaf extract and olive oil (Olea europaea) in comparison with 1% silver sulfadiazine cream on skin wound healing in Balb/c mice
Farkhondeh Nemati Ramin Ataee Fatemeh Gorji Seyed Taleb Houseini Amin Lotfvarzi Ali Bagheri hashem abad

Mord (Myrtus communis) is a plant with antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties. Ointment of ethanolic extract of the leaves of the mord was prepared in olive oil in a ratio of 1: 1. Wounds developed in the full thickness of the skin in the dorsal region of the mi More

Mord (Myrtus communis) is a plant with antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties. Ointment of ethanolic extract of the leaves of the mord was prepared in olive oil in a ratio of 1: 1. Wounds developed in the full thickness of the skin in the dorsal region of the mice. The mice were then divided into control and experimental groups. The control group did not receive any treatment and the experimental group, which included the group receiving the combination of mord leaf extract and olive oil and the group receiving 1% silver sulfadiazine cream, were treated once a day. Finally, the percentage of recovery, average skin thickness, diameter of hair follicles, collagen formation, and angiogenesis were examined on the fifth, tenth, and fifteenth days. Data were analyzed using a one-way ANOVA test using SPSS software version 22. The results showed that the treatment with the combination of ethanolic extract of mord leaf and olive oil led to a significant increase in wound healing percentage, skin thickness, hair follicle diameter, compared to 1% silver sulfadiazine cream. There was also an increase in collagen formation and angiogenesis. These results have been a reason for accelerating the wound healing process in the samples treated with a combination of mord extract and olive oil. The results of this study showed that the use of mord leaf extract and olive oil accelerates the transition from the inflammatory stage to the stage of fibroblast hyperplasia due to the increase in collagen synthesis and blood vessels in this stage. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

31 - Effect of Oliveria Decumbens essential oils on microbial characteristics of hamburger
Z. Ghorbani N. Zamindar M. Jelvan M. Golabadi

10.30495/jfh.2020.1882470.1239

< p >The use of herbal essential oils can inhibit bacterial growth and proliferation. In this investigation, the chemical composition and antimicrobial effects of essential oils of Oliveria decumbens on culture media and hamburger have been studied. GC/M More

< p >The use of herbal essential oils can inhibit bacterial growth and proliferation. In this investigation, the chemical composition and antimicrobial effects of essential oils of Oliveria decumbens on culture media and hamburger have been studied. GC/MS analysis identified 12 components in the essential oils of Oliveria decumbens. The antimicrobial activity of the essential oils was investigated against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli using disc diffusion and well plate method. The experiment was a factorial form of a completely randomized design with 3 levels in essential oil concentration (0, 0.32, and 1.25 µl/g) in 4 periods (1, 20, 40, and 60 days) with 3 replications on S. aureus, E. coli, mold, yeast and total count in hamburger. The most important identified compounds in the essential oils of Oliveria decumbens were phenolic and aldehyde compounds. Minimum inhibition concentrations of Oliveria decumbens essential oils against S. aureus and E. coli were 0.32 µl/ml and 0.625 µl/ml, respectively. Besides, the number of microorganisms decreased with increasing concentrations of essential oils of Oliveria decumbens. There was no significant difference between the control and concentrations of 0.32 µl/g in E. coli count but in all types of microorganisms, the highest decrease was observed in the concentration of 1.25 µl/g (p < /em> Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

32 - Identification of active components in the extracts of Hypericum Perforatum L. and Oliveria Decumbens Vent. and evaluation of their antioxidant and antimicrobial effects on some microorganisms
Mahsa jafarpour Hajar Abbasi Mohammad Goli

10.30495/jfh.2023.1972178.1380

Essential oils and extracts of medicinal plants have been highly regarded as natural food additives and preservatives due to the presence of bioactive compounds and functional activities, including antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. In this research, Hypericum pe More

Essential oils and extracts of medicinal plants have been highly regarded as natural food additives and preservatives due to the presence of bioactive compounds and functional activities, including antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. In this research, Hypericum perforatum and Oliveria decumbens were extracted by the maceration method and ultrasonic waves. Total phenolic compounds, and antioxidant as well as antimicrobial activities were assessed by GC-MS. Minimum inhibitory and minimum bactericidal concentrations against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Aspergillus niger were evaluated. The results showed that 19 main compounds, the most important of which are Thymol (24.40%), Carvacrol (23.00%), and Myristicin (9.78%), comprise 90.22% of O. decumbens extract. In the extract of H. perforatum, 20 compounds constitute 94.16% of the extract, among which Hypericin (25.92%) and Hyperforin (16.69%) are the most important effective compounds. The content of phenolic compounds of Hypericum perforatum and O. decumbens extracts were 24.0 and 9.5 mg/g of dry weight, respectively. H. perforatum extract shows higher antioxidant activity compared to O. decumbens extract (IC50 of H. perforatum and O. decumbens extracts are 0.173 and 0.470 g/ml, respectively). The extract of H. perforatum inhibited the activity of S. aureus and E. coli, however, did not significantly inhibit the activity of A. niger. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

33 - Comparison of antibacterial activity of four cultivars of olive (Olea europaea) leaf extract on Bacillus cereus
مریم Abbasvali محمود Esmaeili Koutamehr حمدالله Moshtaghi M.H Eskandari

In recent years, plant extracts have been used as antimicrobial agents. One of these extracts is olive leaf extract, which has antimicrobial properties due to its phenolic compounds. In current study the leaf extract of four olive (Olea europaea) cultivars (Shiraz, Zard More

In recent years, plant extracts have been used as antimicrobial agents. One of these extracts is olive leaf extract, which has antimicrobial properties due to its phenolic compounds. In current study the leaf extract of four olive (Olea europaea) cultivars (Shiraz, Zard, Roghani and Dezfool) was extracted by different solvents (acetone, methanol and ethanol) using microwave-assisted extraction method. Then the antibacterial activity of the extracts was assessed on Bacillus cereus. The antibacterial activity of the extracts was determined using the standard and micro broth-dilution methods. All experiments were carried out in triplicate. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of eleven extracts was estimated as 20 mg/ml, and only MIC of the methanolic extract of Roghani cultivar was 10 mg/ml. Bacterial growth curve of B. cereus in the presence of olive leaf extracts was drawn after 24 h incubation at 37 °C and the mean percentage of growth inhibition of each extract was measured after 24 hours. The results showed that in comparison with the other cultivars, the methanolic extract of Roghani cultivar with the percentage of growth inhibition of 91.3% and 87.8% (in the concentrations of 10 and 20 mg/ml, respectively), demonstrated stronger antibacterial effect on B. cereus. This study indicated that olive leaf extract from inexpensive agricultural waste might be a valuable bioactive source with antibacterial activity, and seem to be applicable as a safe food additive.  Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

34 - Biochemical effects of olive leaf extract in ovariectomized rats
M.R. Nasirzadeh jafar rahmani kahnamoei

Estrogen depletion in postmenopausal women and ovariectomized animals causes abnormalities in lipid metabolism, weight gain and fat accumulation in non-adipose tissues such as liver. On the other hand, estrogen replacement therapy may cause side effects including breast More

Estrogen depletion in postmenopausal women and ovariectomized animals causes abnormalities in lipid metabolism, weight gain and fat accumulation in non-adipose tissues such as liver. On the other hand, estrogen replacement therapy may cause side effects including breast cancer. Olive leaf is a significant source of bioactive phenolic compounds with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and radical scavenging capacity. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of Olive Leaf Extract (OLE) on liver enzymes, serum lipid profileand atherogenic index. For this purpose, 21 female Wistar rats were randomly allocated into 3 groups: 1- control (intact animals), 2- ovariectomized: OVX ( ovaries removed by surgery) and 3- treatment group (OVX+received OLE) Which  received 100 mg/kg OLE in 0.5 ml drinking water using gavage for 8 weeks. At the end of the treatment, levels of liver enzymes and serum lipid profiles were measured. Body weight was increased significantly in OVX group in comparison to control group (pp</em>˂0.05).This study showed that oral administration of 100 mg/kg/day of OLE for 8 weeks can prevent increase of lipid profile, liver enzymes and atherogenic index in serum of ovariectomized rats. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

35 - Feasibility of Olive Cultivation Based on Environmental Factors Using GIS in Boyer-Ahmad Township
Marzieh Moghali

Olive trees are able to grow in different types of soils due to high compatibility with a wide range of environmental conditions. Moreover, they can be planted in certain topographic locations (especially on steep slopes and hilly terrains) not suitable for the cultivat More

Olive trees are able to grow in different types of soils due to high compatibility with a wide range of environmental conditions. Moreover, they can be planted in certain topographic locations (especially on steep slopes and hilly terrains) not suitable for the cultivation of other oilseeds. All these unique characteristics have caused olive to be considered as a strategic product. Therefore, this study attempted at the identification of prone areas for olive cultivation in Boyer-Ahmad Township. In this study, Environmental Factors of slope percentage, slope direction, and elevation extracted from digital elevation model were used. Subsequently, data layers were classified using effective growing requirements and assessments of Environmental conditions of olive cultivation and then the weight value of each zone was calculated. Final results of this research indicated certain northern and southern limits of the area are of very high proneness. Additionally, parts of the southwest area can be economical with regard to the integrated map of west and northwest Environmental Factors. On the contrary, northern and northeastern areas are not suitable for planting olive trees to produce good yields. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

36 - Simultaneous effects of different levels of indole butyric acid and inoculation with growth promoting bacteria on some growth and biochemical traits of olive (Olea europaea L.) scion
Mohammad Reza Safari Motlagh Behzad Kaviani Seyyed Ahmad Mousavi Mohammadi

In order to investigate the effect of different levels of IBA and strains of Pseudomonas fluorescens bacteria, an experiment was conducted as factorial with completely randomized design containing two factors and three replications. In the first factor, the effect of th More

In order to investigate the effect of different levels of IBA and strains of Pseudomonas fluorescens bacteria, an experiment was conducted as factorial with completely randomized design containing two factors and three replications. In the first factor, the effect of three levels of IBA (0, 2000, and 4000 mg/ ml) and in the second one, the effect of two strains of P. fluorescens (R5 and R64) were investigated on olive (Olea europaea cv. conservaliya). Results showed that bacterial inoculation with R5 strains increased shoot and root dry weight, total dry weight, nitrogen concentration, and phosphorus uptake compared to control, but there was no significant difference between R5 and R64 strains in terms of total chlorophyll. The 2000 mg/ml IBA also increased shoot and root dry weight, nitrogen concentration, total chlorophyll, and total dry weight compared to control while the maximum phosphorus uptake was obtained at 4000 mg/ml IBA. The interaction of effects of IBA and bacteria in morphological characteristics and uptake and concentration of elements showed that maximum average were obtained at 2000 mg/ml IBA and R5 strain treatment. According to the obtained results, the application of both of 2000 mg/ml IBA and R5 strain for improvement in rooting is recommended. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

37 - The comparison of oil biochemical compositions of three olive cultivars (Olea europaea L.) in different regions of Golestan province
Esmaeil Seifi Arezoo Jalali Somayyeh Ebraheimnia Hossein Fereidooni

Olive has a suitable oil, which shows excellent nutritional values. Due to our country's huge need to edible oil and the high quality of olive oil, developing the area under cultivation of olive is an important aim of Iran's agricultural programs. In this study, three c More

Olive has a suitable oil, which shows excellent nutritional values. Due to our country's huge need to edible oil and the high quality of olive oil, developing the area under cultivation of olive is an important aim of Iran's agricultural programs. In this study, three cultivars including Mission, Koroneiki and Zard from three regions in Golestan province (Varsan, Ganareh and Minoodasht) were studied in terms of quantity and quality of the oil. Results showed that there were some significant differences among various regions and cultivars. Mission in Varsan and Koroneiki in Minoodasht had the highest and lowest fruit weight, respectively. Cultivars Mission and Zard in Ganareh and Mission in Varsan had the highest percentage of dry matter in fruits. The highest percentages of oil in dry and fresh weights were observed in cultivars Koroneiki and Zard in Ganareh, respectively, though they were not significantly different from the other treatments. In term of oil physicochemical traits, cultivar Mission in Ganareh showed the lowest free fatty acids. Cultivar Koroneiki Minoodasht had the lowest K232 value; while, it had the highest amount of total chlorophyll and carotenoid. The oil produced in Varsan region had the lowest and highest amount of peroxide and K270 value, respectively. In general, the results showed that cultivar Koroneiki is suitable to produce in all three regions of Varsan, Ganareh and Minoodasht. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

38 - A study on the allelopathic effect of olive fruit pomace (Olea europaea L.) on some physiological parameters and yield of three wheat cultivars in climatic conditions of Khuzestan
Azin Ghafarizadeh Seyyed Mansour Seyyed nejad Mozhan Vafaei Abdolali Gilani Azra Saboora

This study was designed in order to investigate the allelopathic effect of olive fruit pomace on some physiological parameters and yield of three wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum). A pot experiment was used based on a factorial study with completely randomized design More

This study was designed in order to investigate the allelopathic effect of olive fruit pomace on some physiological parameters and yield of three wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum). A pot experiment was used based on a factorial study with completely randomized design and three replications at five levels (0, 1, 3, 5, and 7 % W/W) of olive fruit pomace and three wheat cultivars (Triticale, Karkhe and Chamran). The amount of soluble proteins of leaf, activities of peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, and catalase enzymes of leaf, and amount of malondialdehyde of leaf at ear emergence stage and spike weight, spike length, grain number per spike, grain weight per spike, 1000 grain weight, total harvest index, grain proline content, and grain soluble carbohydrate content at complete ripeness stage of wheat were measured. According to the results, amount of soluble proteins of leaf, activity of peroxidase of leaf, spike weight, spike length, grain number per spike, grain weight per spike, 1000 grain weight and total harvest index decreased in the three wheat cultivars with an increase in the content of olive pomace in the soil compared to the control. But the amount of activity of ascorbate peroxidase and catalase enzyme of leaf, amount of malondialdehyde of leaf, grain proline, and grain soluble carbohydrate content showed increase in the three wheat cultivars by increasing the content of olive pomace in the soil compared to the control. Since olive fruit pomace contains phenolic compounds, the inhibitory effects of olive pomace on wheat growth are attributed to these compounds.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

39 - Study on the effect of applying different levels of olive pomace (Olea europaea L.) on the grain yield of three rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars in climatic conditions of Khuzestan
azadeh niroomand Mansour Seyyednejad farshad abrahimpour Abdolali Gilani Golamreza Bakhshikhaniki

This study was performed to investigate the effect of applying olive (Olea europaea L.) pomace on some physiological characteristics and grain yield of three cultivars of rice (Oryza sativa L.). A pot experiment was used based on a completely randomized factorial design More

This study was performed to investigate the effect of applying olive (Olea europaea L.) pomace on some physiological characteristics and grain yield of three cultivars of rice (Oryza sativa L.). A pot experiment was used based on a completely randomized factorial design with three replications. Five levels of olive fruit pomace (0, 1, 3, 5, and 7% w/w) were applied to three rice cultivars of Champa, Danial, and Red Anbouri. After full growth and maturity of rice, grain soluble carbohydrate content, shoot proline content, mean panicle weight, main grain number per panicle, 1000 grain weight, panicle harvest index, grain yield, 1000-grain, and the biomass were measured. Also, the amount of K, P, N, and Zn in the different treatments of olive fruit pomace was measured. The results showed that application of olive pomace caused a significant increase in the characteristics under investigation compared to control. Under study treatments, growth indices improved at 5% w/w. The possible reason for this could be the existence of elements effective on plant growth in pomace treatments. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

40 - Evaluation of some physicochemical traits in selected oil and table olive (Olea europaea) genotypes compatible with climatic conditions of Gorgan
Somayyeh Ebraheimnia Esmaeil Seife Khodayar Hemmati Hossein Fereidooni

Because of the importance of identifying the native genotypes and selecting the appropriate cultivars for successful development of olive tree cultivation, the present study was conducted to evaluate the selected oil and table genotypes compatible with climatic conditio More

Because of the importance of identifying the native genotypes and selecting the appropriate cultivars for successful development of olive tree cultivation, the present study was conducted to evaluate the selected oil and table genotypes compatible with climatic conditions of Gorgan. The experiment was done in a completely randomized design with three replications on 24 genotypes in Hashemabad complex in Golestan province. The maturity index of fruit was measured according to a method suggested by International Olive Oil Council and the percentage of oil was determined using a soxhlet method. Six genotypes with higher percentage of oil were selected and the physicochemical properties of the oil and the percentage of fatty acids were determined. Results showed that the highest and lowest fruit weights were observed in genotypes I7 and E6, respectively. The highest percentage of fruit flesh was observed in I7. E11 and D5 had the highest percentages of oil in dry and fresh matter. The lowest acidity was observed in B7 and the lowest peroxide was seen in E11. Genotypes F1 and E11 had the highest oil phenolic compounds. A10 showed the highest amounts of chlorophylls and carotenoids. F9 had the lowest indexes of K232 and K270 and following that A10 had the lowest index of K270. The highest percentage of oleic acid and the lowest percentage of linoleic acid were observed in A10. Genotype B7 had the lowest percentage of palmitic acid. Due to fruit weight, percentage of flesh and fruit sphericity, eight table genotypes were selected for further study. Among the selected table genotypes, genotype I7 had the highest levels of flavonoids, phenolic compounds, antioxidants, and anthocyanin. According to the results, the best oil genotypes were A10 and E11, the best table genotype was I7 and the best dual-purpose genotypes were F10 and B7. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

41 - The study of essential oil composition and antioxidant activity of Oliveria decumbens collected from different regions of Khuzestan province.
Seyed Mohammad Hosein Ale Omrani Nejad Ali Rezvani Aghdam

Aromatic herbs are considered the most valuable antioxidant source in nature. In this research, 3 different ecotypes of Oliveria decumbens Vent plant were collected from three important regions in Khuzestan province, including Behbahan, Shushtar and Masjed Soleyman in f More

Aromatic herbs are considered the most valuable antioxidant source in nature. In this research, 3 different ecotypes of Oliveria decumbens Vent plant were collected from three important regions in Khuzestan province, including Behbahan, Shushtar and Masjed Soleyman in flowering stage. Essential oil was extracted by Clevenger aparatus; and identified essential oil component by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry(GC -Mass). The antioxidant activities were specified using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. The highest Thymol (29.67) and Carvacrol (27.88%), the dominant compositions in essential oil, were detected in Behbahan region. The percentage of degradation of DPPH free radicals in different concentrations of essential oil including 50, 100, 200, 300, and 400 μl were calculated to determine the antioxidant activity of the essential oil. The IC50 values were calculated 34.21, 26.85 and 21.23 respectively for harvested plants from Shushtar, Masjed Soleyman and Behbahan regions. Finally, Behbahan ecotype with the highest antiradical properties can be considered as a new natural source of antioxidant supply. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

42 - The investigationof Climate, Soil and Height On essential oil composition of essential oils of Oliveria decumbens Vent. Medicinal Plantfrom different regions in City Mamasani of Fars Province
Damoun Razmjoue Shahram Yousefi khanghah Somaye Dehdari Hamid Mohamadi Fariba Nodoost

Oliveria decumbens Vent is a medicinal plant belongs to the Umbelliferae family. According to the Iran traditional medicine comments this plant is used for the treat of indigestion, diarrhea, relieve fever and infectious diseases. In this research, effects of climate fa More

Oliveria decumbens Vent is a medicinal plant belongs to the Umbelliferae family. According to the Iran traditional medicine comments this plant is used for the treat of indigestion, diarrhea, relieve fever and infectious diseases. In this research, effects of climate factors, soil and the elevation above sea level were tested on the chemical compounds of O. decumbens. To this, the flowering branches of O. decumbens were taken from 1600-2200 a.s.l. in the Mamassani County in May and air dried. The Clevenger apparatus extraction was used to extract the essence. The chemical compounds were identified using GC and GC/MS and the effect of studied parameters on chemical components were determined. Our result indicated that, there are 13, 16 and 11 chemical compounds in Doshman Ziari, Bavan and Koupen sites, respectively. p-cymene γ-terpinene، thymol and myristicin identified as the main compounds of studied sites. There was significant correlation between the annual precipitation and e elevation above sea level with the essence percentage and chemical compounds of O. decumbens . Furthermore, soil electrical conductivity, acidity and nitrogen had positive significant correlation (p < 0.05) with the percentage of essential oil. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

43 - Antibacterial activity of acetonic, ethanolic and methanolic olive leaf extracts of four Iranian cultivars against Escherichia coli
Maryam Abbasvali Mahmoud Esmaeili Koutamehr Hamdollah Moshtaghi Mohammad Eskandari

The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial activity of olive leaf extracts from four important Iranian native cultivars (Dezfol, Roghani, Zard and Shiraz) against E. coli. Acetonic, methanolic and ethanolic olive leaf extracts were prepared using a microwav More

The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial activity of olive leaf extracts from four important Iranian native cultivars (Dezfol, Roghani, Zard and Shiraz) against E. coli. Acetonic, methanolic and ethanolic olive leaf extracts were prepared using a microwave. The extracts were concentrated and lyophilized. The growth inhibition effect of different concentrations of extracts was determined using the broth micro-dilution assay. The growth curves of E. coli during 24 h incubation at 37°C were drawn. The area under the bacterial growth curve and the percentage inhibition of the growth were calculated. Extracts with the concentrations of 5 and 10 mg/ml had no considerable inhibition effect on the bacterium. Acetonic extract of Dezfol and Zard cultivars with the concentration of 20 mg/ml inhibited the bacterial growth 93% and 94.9%, respectively and showed significantly stronger inhibition effect in comparison with acetonic extract of Shiraz and Roghani cultivars. Methanolic extract of Roghani cultivar with the bacterial growth inhibition of 93.4% showed significantly stronger effect in comparison with its acethonic and ethanolic extracts. Ethanolic extracts of four studied cultivars showed no antibacterial effect. Among the four important Iranian native olive leaf cultivars, Dezfol and Zard were found to possess the highest antimicrobial activity and aceton was the best solvent. On the basis of these results, it can be concluded that extracts of the Iranian native olive leaf cultivars could be used as a natural antimicrobial agent in food preservative, ointment and drugs. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

44 - The effect of chia seed mucilage containing different concentrations of aqueous olive leaf extract on the shelf life of chicken fillets in the refrigerator
Fereshteh Akhavan Mahdi Sharifi Soltani Shahin Zomorodi sara jafarian Asghar Khosrowshahi asl

10.30495/jfm.2022.682749

Enzymatic, chemical and microbial activities in chicken in the refrigerator lead to spoilage and reduced product quality. In this regard, the use of edible coatings with antimicrobial and antioxidant compounds is an effective way to keep the quality of meat. In this stu More

Enzymatic, chemical and microbial activities in chicken in the refrigerator lead to spoilage and reduced product quality. In this regard, the use of edible coatings with antimicrobial and antioxidant compounds is an effective way to keep the quality of meat. In this study, the effect of chia seed mucilage coating containing 0, 15 and 30 percent aqueous extracts of olive leaves on quality of chicken fillets was investigated at the refrigerator (4°C) during 12 days of storage. During storage at intervals of 1, 4, 8 and 12 days, microbial counts (Lactic acid bacteria, aerobic mesophilic, psychotropic and coliforms) and volatile nitrogen bases, pH and sensory evaluation of treatments were determined. The results showed that during storage, the count of aerobic mesophilic and psychotropic bacteria, coliforms and lactic acid bacteria and the volatile nitrogen bases and pH in chicken fillet increased, which was less in samples coated with chia seed mucilage containing olive leaf extract than the other treatments (p<0.01). According to the results of sensory evaluation, on the 4th day of storage, no significant difference in overall acceptability was observed between the samples (P>0.05). However, on the 8th day of storage, the control and sample coated by chia seed mucilage did not obtain the required overall acceptability score. According to the results obtained of this study, using the mucilage coating of chia seeds containing 30 percent of aqueous olive leaf extract, it is possible to increase the shelf life of chicken fillets at 4 °C for 8 days. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

45 - Effect of Olive Leaf and Oregano supplement on performance, oxidation and microbial flora of breast broiler chickens
Neda Sadeghi ronizi seamak parsaei vahid mohammadi

10.30495/jfm.2022.1938027.1728

The purpose of this experiment was to investigate the effect of olive leaf and oregano supplement on performance, oxidation and microbial flora of breast broiler chickens. For this, 400 one-day-old Ross 308 broilers were used in a completely randomized design with 5 tre More

The purpose of this experiment was to investigate the effect of olive leaf and oregano supplement on performance, oxidation and microbial flora of breast broiler chickens. For this, 400 one-day-old Ross 308 broilers were used in a completely randomized design with 5 treatments and 4 replications. Treatments include; control, 5 g olive leaf, 5 g oregano, 5 g mixture of olive leaf and oregano and 50 g erythromycin . At 42 day of age, four birds from each treatment were randomly selected and euthanized by cervical dislocation. Finally, carcass characteristics were evaluated. To determine oxidation by measuring the concentration of malondialdehyde and for the number of breast meat bacteria per unit colony formation per gram of meat, samples were extracted from the breast tissue of the chickens and stored at 4 ° C. The results showed that a significant reduction in FCR was observed in the birds fed ERY compared to Control group (P < 0.04). Relative breast weight in control birds was low compared to other treatments (P <0.002). Lipid oxidation showed a significant difference between treatments on days 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 during storage in the refrigerator (P < 0.05). Also, the erythromycin bacteria in breast meat up to day 8 of storage in the refrigerator was affected by the experimental treatments (P <0.05). Overall, the use of a mixture of 5 g of olive leaf and oregano improves the quantity and quality of broiler chickens by reducing the oxidation and TVC bacteria. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

46 - Olive Cake and Barley Malt Rootlets in Hen Diets to Improve Egg Lipids and Fatty Acids
S.M. Hashish L.D. Abd El-Samee

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Open Access Article

47 - Feasibility Study Of Planting Olive Through Using AHP Process In Geography Information System (Case Study: West Mazandaran )
Ali mohammadpoor kiya bozorgmehr yaser hakimdoost

Agriculture is the essential component of providing food requirements of a society and the determinant element in getting free from all imported goods. In this field, producing essential oil is valuable economically, and is important in food industry. In this study, usi More

Agriculture is the essential component of providing food requirements of a society and the determinant element in getting free from all imported goods. In this field, producing essential oil is valuable economically, and is important in food industry. In this study, using 16 parameters for zoning olive cultivation is used for the 12-parameter climate over the course of 20 years (1990-2010) of 14 synoptic station of the five stations within the region and 9 stations as stations auxiliary and 4 parameters, land use has been . contracted through Mazandaran Meteorology Organization geology and geography and natural resources of the province were collected. were then required to prepare a database.. The research methods is synthetic- analytic and ARC GIS10 graphic software, and Choice expert and spss  basic statistics have been used in analyzing the data. also Geostatistic , Kriging and IDW methods have been used in zoning of effective climatologic factors in planting olive trees  and determine optimal model from semivariogram was selected. Also to overlay and extract influence wightes  from Analytical Hierarchy Process( AHP) and INDEX OVERLAY models  have been applied in location. The results indicate that simple and ordinary Kriging with three function circular, spherical, exponential and Gousian models has been choisen. Also by comparing the maps and extracting talented areas in planting olive , the results indicate that 3944.124 h of west Mazandaran zone includes plenty to extraordinary importance and power and 28396.26 h includes plenty importance and power, 132906.7 h is powerful - much powerful and importance and 353788.2 h is much important. This results implicates the zone talent in involving Climate conditions in planting olive tree. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

48 - کارآیی دو روش مکانیکی در برداشت میوه زیتون در دو واریته متفاوت
فرهاد نیری علی محمدی ترکاشوند

این مطالعه به منظور ارزیابی دو روش مکانیکی برداشت زیتون شامل استفاده از تکاننده شاخه تراکتوری (TS) و تکاننده شاخه دستی (MHA) در دو رقم زرد و مانزانیلا انجام شد. یک آزمایش فاکتوریل بر پایه طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در چهار تیمار و سه تکرار در مجتمع کشت و صنعت گیلان، طراحی More

این مطالعه به منظور ارزیابی دو روش مکانیکی برداشت زیتون شامل استفاده از تکاننده شاخه تراکتوری (TS) و تکاننده شاخه دستی (MHA) در دو رقم زرد و مانزانیلا انجام شد. یک آزمایش فاکتوریل بر پایه طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در چهار تیمار و سه تکرار در مجتمع کشت و صنعت گیلان، طراحی و اجرا شد. برای هر کرت، سه ردیف و روی هر ردیف سه درخت 17 ساله انتخاب شد. برای تعیین سفتی بافت میوه، تعداد ده عدد زیتون، پس از برداشت، از محصول هر کرت به‌طور تصادفی انتخاب شدند. سپس با استفاده از دستگاه سفتی‌سنج، میزان مقاومت بافت هر میوه در مقابل فشار وارده برحسب نیوتن اندازه‌گیری شد. نتایج نشان داد که درصد برداشت در TS با میانگین 6/60، بیشتر از درصد برداشت در MHA با میانگین 1/24 بود. میانگین زمان برداشت یک درخت به وسیله دستگاه TS، 7/10 دقیقه ثبت شد که این مقدار برای دستگاه MHA، 2/8 دقیقه بود. بهره‌وری برداشت در روش برداشت با TS و در رقم مانزانیلا بسیار بیشتر از روش MHA و رقم زرد بود. برداشت با TS با میانگین 38/100 کیلوگرم در ساعت، دارای بهره‌وری برداشت بالاتری نسبت به MHA با میانگین 72/43 کیلوگرم در ساعت بود. میوه‌هایی که با TS برداشت شده بودند، با میانگین 07/1 نیوتن، دارای سفتی بافت بالاتری نسبت به میوه‌هایی برداشت شده با MHA بودند. دستگاه TS با داشتن 1270 دلار، دارای میزان سود بیشتری در یک روز، نسبت به دستگاه MHA با 606 دلار سود بود. میانگین سود، در تیمارهایی که در آن‌ها رقم مانزانیلا برداشت شده است، میانگین سود بیشتر از تیمارهایی که در آن‌ها رقم زرد برداشت شده است، بود. بیشترین مقدار نسبت سود به هزینه مربوط به برداشت رقم مانزانیلا به وسیله MHA در بین تیمارها بود. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

49 - Behavioral and electrophysiological study on bone marrow stromal cell transplantation with olive extract in repair of severed sciatic nerve in rats
MOSTAFA MOAZAMI GODARZI Nasim Hayati Roodbari Gholamreza Kaka Kazem Parivar

10.30495/jdb.2022.1934870.1254

Background and purpose: Behavioral and electrophysiological study on the use of bone marrow stromal cell transplantation along with olive extract in the repair of severed sciatic nerve in rats.Materials and Methods: After sciatic nerve amputation, adult male rats were r More

Background and purpose: Behavioral and electrophysiological study on the use of bone marrow stromal cell transplantation along with olive extract in the repair of severed sciatic nerve in rats.Materials and Methods: After sciatic nerve amputation, adult male rats were randomly divided into 4 groups of 7.Healthy rats, rats with sciatica without treatment intervention, rats with bone marrow stromal cells treated with olive extract at the site of amputation, rats with bone marrow stromal cells injected at the site of injury.The rate of recovery was assessed by sensory motor activity of the sciatic nerve, electrophysiological studies.Results: Sciatic nerve motor evaluation, no control group returned to normal in the eighth week, cell therapy group was restored with olive extract in the eighth week. The level of AMP in the eighth week after the restoration of the cell therapy group with a gentle slope indicates the recovery process of the cell therapy group.Counting the number of nerve fibers at an area of 1000 μm, the number of nerve fibers in the cell therapy groups increased in the eighth week after repair, compared with the control group and the PLGA membrane group. By the end of the eighth week, the sciatic nerve index (Hot Plate test), the healing process of the cell therapy group with olive extract was more evident to other groups.Conclusion: bone marrow stromal cell transplantation repairs sciatic nerve and olive extract along with bone marrow stromal cell accelerates sciatic nerve repair. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

50 - Investigation of Lead Removal Process from Leachates around Tehran
M. Chelehei R. Marandi

Nowadays, increasing public concern have challenged the environmental problem associated with wastewater. Indeed, the removal of contaminates from wastewater is still far away from a satisfactory solution. Different processes are used for the treatment of wastewater. Ho More

Nowadays, increasing public concern have challenged the environmental problem associated with wastewater. Indeed, the removal of contaminates from wastewater is still far away from a satisfactory solution. Different processes are used for the treatment of wastewater. However, adsorption on activated carbon can be an environmentally friendly and economically sound process. In this study, olive-waste activated carbon as was employed as a novel adsorbent for efficient removal of lead (heavy metals). In the removal process the variables; pH, concentration of lead, amount of adsorbent and contact time, were studied on their influence on removal of lead, using one at a time approach, in a batch procedure on removal of lead which used 109 mg/g. Following the investigation of concentration effect, fitting the experimental equilibrium data to numerous conventional isotherm models showed that the Langmuir model with high correlation coefficient and low error analysis (R2=0.998) is more usable to explain the experimental data. The kinetic models were studied and parameters of this model was calculated. First order kinetics was predicted for adsorption with 0.99 error tolerance.  Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

51 - Evaluation of activity and stability of laccase produced by native Aspergillus strain isolated from olive oil waste
Fatemeh Kheirollahi Masoumeh Anvari mahdi Shahriarinour shahab Shariati

10.30495/jmw.2021.690453

Background & Objectives: Laccases are enzymes that belong to the group of oxidases that have different applications in various industries. The aim of this study was to evaluate the activity and stability of the laccase enzyme produced by a native Aspergillus spp. is More

Background & Objectives: Laccases are enzymes that belong to the group of oxidases that have different applications in various industries. The aim of this study was to evaluate the activity and stability of the laccase enzyme produced by a native Aspergillus spp. isolated from olive oil waste. High inducer phenolic compounds content of these wastes is main reason of their selection as substrate.  Materials & Methods: In this study, 12 different fungal strains were isolated from olive oil wastes and the best strains with the highest enzyme activity was selected as the best strain and was     identified based on phenotypic and genotypic characterization. Enzyme purification was           performed using dialysis and zymographic analysis methods. Finally, the effect of various       physic-chemical factors such as incubation time (6-216 h), temperature (20-40 C) and pH (5, 6, 7 and 8) on the enzyme stability and activity was evaluated. Results: The results showed that the best productive strain belongs to the genus Aspergillus spp. The highest enzyme activity was observed at 30 °C (1.57 IU/ml), pH = 6 (1.86 IU/ml) and after 6 days (1.53 IU/ml). Stability studies showed that the enzyme activity was stable for 6 minutes at  30-35 °C and pH = 6-7 and about 90% of the enzyme activity was maintained under the above conditions. Conclusion: The laccase enzyme with significant activity and stability produced by a native strain of Aspergillus spp. isolated from olive oil waste due to its high activity and stability can be an  acceptable candidate for industrial use.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

52 - Study the effects of different irrigation regimes and foliar application of fruit set on increment of perfect flowers and productivity of olive (Olea europaea L. cv." Shenge")
MOHAMMAD SAEED TADAYON gholamreza moafpourian

Shenge (Olea europaea L) has unsuitable production in warm and dry regions. In this experiment the effect of nutritional factors on the increment of perfect flowers, and different irrigation regime on olive yield were investigated. Experiment was conducted in a randomiz More

Shenge (Olea europaea L) has unsuitable production in warm and dry regions. In this experiment the effect of nutritional factors on the increment of perfect flowers, and different irrigation regime on olive yield were investigated. Experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replication and 6 treatments contained - Irrigation at norm (drip irrigation based on 50 percent of allowable depletion) (I100), - Irrigation with 75 percent allowable depletion one month before and after flowering (I125), - treatment number two + continuing the irrigation with norm one month after harvest(I125+I100), 4- treatment number one + fruit set foliar application of two percent urea + zinc chelate(0.2%) and boric acid(0.2%) two weeks before and four weeks after flowering(I100+FS), - treatment number two + fruit set foliar application (I125+FS), - treatment number three + fruit set foliar application(I125+I100+FS). Results showed that I125+I100+FS and I125+FS had high significant effects on shoot fruitfulness ratio increment that indicate the number of perfect flower to total flower on the same branch. Also the highest fruit set belong to these treatments and the highest water use efficiency and leaf nitrogen concentration obtained by I100+FS. I125+I100+FS and I125+FS caused an increment in fruit water percentage, fruit oil percentage, fruit pulp to stone weight ratio and finally fruit yield and consequently oil yield and could be recommended especially in warm and dry regions. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

53 - Evaluation of vegetative growth, fruit characterestics and yield of eight canning olive cultivars in sub tropical conditions of Fars provine.
alireza bonyanpour

Olive (Olea europea L.) is a subtropical tree with a good adaptation to varius climatic conditions. In recent years, olive cultivation has increased rapidly in Fars province. However enviromental requairmentes of canning and oil olive cultivars are different. Therefor, More

Olive (Olea europea L.) is a subtropical tree with a good adaptation to varius climatic conditions. In recent years, olive cultivation has increased rapidly in Fars province. However enviromental requairmentes of canning and oil olive cultivars are different. Therefor, it is nesessary to determine suitable canning cultivars for subtropical region of Fars province. This research was conducted in Kazeroon olive research station with eight canning olive cultivars: ‘Abu-Satl’, ‘Lucus’, ‘Mary-Tarom’, ‘Khodiri’, ‘Mary-Gorgan’, ‘Manzanilla’, ‘Conservalia’ and ‘Tufahi’ in a RCBD experiments with 3 replication. During experiment, vegetative characterestics including mean shoot growth, increasing in thick diameter, length of canopy shade and growth of lateral shoots, and fruit characterestics such as fruit weight, length and diameter of fruits, seed weight, pulp to seed ratio and yield were measured. Results showed that in relation to vegetative growth, ‘khadiri’ and ‘Manzanillo’ cultivars were the best and ‘Conservalia’ with 4 grams fruit weight was the best cultivar regard to all fruit characteristic. In relation to fruits yield, ‘Conservalia’, ‘Abu-Satl’ and‘Manzanilla’ with 8 kg fruit per tree were the best. Therefor ‘Conservalia’with suitable canopy size and good fruits weight and shape, and with moderate oil in fresh fruit weight, it is a good cultivar in relation to oil production and canning fruits. Therefor ‘Conservalia’ is suitable cultivar for cultivation in sub tropical conditions like Kazeroon. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

54 - Evaluation of Energy Efficiency, Emission of Greenhouse Gases and Production Function in Olive (Olea europaea) Production in Ilam Province, Iran
MEYSAM MORADI ABBAS MALEKI SADEGH BAHAMIN SHOHREH AZIZI SHAMILA ROUHANI SARA BEIGZADEH

10.30486/roce.2021.703842

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Open Access Article

55 - The Effects of IBA and H2O2 on Rooting of 2 Olive Cultivars
E. Asl moshtaghi A.R. Shahsavar

10.22034/jchr.2011.543971

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Open Access Article

56 - An investigation on the production of activated carbon from olive stone
Hadi Sharifi Darabad Mandana Adeli

Activated carbon is a porous material which has found extensive applications in separation and purification processes. Special properties of this material such as high specific surface area, highly porous structure, and high absorption capacity have resulted in its util More

Activated carbon is a porous material which has found extensive applications in separation and purification processes. Special properties of this material such as high specific surface area, highly porous structure, and high absorption capacity have resulted in its utilization in numerous industries. The purpose of this research is the production of activated carbon from waste olive stones using the chemical activation method. Phosphoric acid was used to chemically activate the olive stones, and a reductive atmosphere was applied in the heating stage instead of inert gas atmosphere. The effect of such parameters as acid concentration and activation temperature on the product properties were investigated. The products were characterized using XRD, SEM, and BET analysis. It was found out that the production of high-quality activated carbon is possible without the need for an inert heating atmosphere. It was also concluded that the concentration of the soaking solution highly affects the properties of activated carbon, especially its specific surface. The optimum conditions for obtaining the highest specific surface in the activated carbon (1194.94 m2/g) were determined to be 85 wt.% concentration of acid soaking solution, and heating temperature of 500°C. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

57 - Studying the therapeutic effect of Oliveria decumbens vent. plant essential oil in the treatment of bladder inflammation caused by Escherichia coli in male Wistar rats
Hossein Antikchi S Mashhady Rafie Negar Panahi کیومرث Amini

Antibiotic resistance, especially in Escherichia coli, is one of the most worrying issues worldwide. In addition, the side effects of chemical drugs have led scientists to use natural alternatives with better therapeutic effects and fewer side effects than common treatm More

Antibiotic resistance, especially in Escherichia coli, is one of the most worrying issues worldwide. In addition, the side effects of chemical drugs have led scientists to use natural alternatives with better therapeutic effects and fewer side effects than common treatments. Therefore, this research has studied the therapeutic effect of Oliveria decumbens plant essential oil in the treatment of inflammation in the bladder caused by Escherichia coli infection in male Wistar rats. The antibacterial properties of the plant extract were investigated using the standard microdilution method against Escherichia coli. Then, to cause cystitis, Escherichia coli bacteria with a concentration of 1.5 x 108 CFU/mL was injected into the bladder of mice, and then different concentrations of the extract and gentamicin were administered to them. Bladder histopathological parameters were evaluated at the end of the study. MIC and MBC of the extract against Escherichia coli were 0.32 μl/ml and 512 μl/ml, respectively. In the infected group without treatment, the infiltration of inflammatory cells and the thickness of the bladder tissue increased significantly, but in the extract-treated groups, especially at higher doses, these parameters decreased significantly (p<0.01). The effect of the extract in reducing the number of bacteria was comparable to gentamicin. In addition, after administration of the extract, inflammation, fibrosis and thickness of the epithelium also decreased in a dose-dependent manner (p<0.01). The results of this research showed that the treatment with the extract of this plant, which was prescribed as an oral supplement or subcutaneous injection, led to a significant decrease in the number of urinary bacteria and improved pathological changes in the studied mice. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

58 - The Effect of Olive Leaf Extract on Physicochemical, Microbial and Shelf-life Characteristics of Chicken Nuggets
Maryam Pourhoseini Alireza Rahman

The primary objective of this study was to examine the effects of olive leaf extracts on the quality characteristics and shelf-life of chicken nuggets .Chicken nuggets were treated with aqueous and ethanolic extract of olive leaves (at levels: 0.25 and 0.35%) and the re More

The primary objective of this study was to examine the effects of olive leaf extracts on the quality characteristics and shelf-life of chicken nuggets .Chicken nuggets were treated with aqueous and ethanolic extract of olive leaves (at levels: 0.25 and 0.35%) and the results were compared with chicken nuggets without additives. The treatments were stored in the freezer for 6 months and on days 0, 45, 90, 135 and 180, physicochemical characteristics and microbial samples were checked . Addition of ethanolic extract to nugget formulation increases the pH during storage, the pH values of all tests gradually increased. By increasing the concentration of olive leaf extract in the samples, the moisture content and cooking efficiency increased significantly. During storage, moisture content and cooking efficiency of nugget samples decreased. By adding olive leaf extracts to the nuggets, the color indices were improved. Microbial tests revealed that the number of salmonella and coliforms in all samples was negative. The addition of aqueous and ethanol extracts of olive leaves to the nugget formulation reduced the microbial load, so that the bacterial count of the samples containing the extracts was essentially lower than the control. By increasing the extract levels in the samples, the microbial load was decreased. Sensory evaluation showed that the lowest sensory score was related to the sample containing 0.35% ethanol extract, but there was no noteworthy distinction between other tests. It can be concluded that olive leaf extricate can be utilized as a normal preservative in chicken nugget formulation. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

59 - The Effect of indole butyric acid hormone concentration and rootstock on propagation of rose Cv. "Olivia" through stenting technique
Mahmoud Reza Khalili fatemeh nekonam mohamad khsosi rohangiz Naderi javad jabarzadeh

In order to study the effect of different indole butyric acid (IBA) concentrations and rootstocks on propagation of rose by stenting technique, an experiment was conducted as a factorial design based on completely randomized design with three replications. First factor More

In order to study the effect of different indole butyric acid (IBA) concentrations and rootstocks on propagation of rose by stenting technique, an experiment was conducted as a factorial design based on completely randomized design with three replications. First factor was rootstock (Rosa canina L., R. indica var. Major, R. multiflora L.) and second factor was 11 IBA concentrations including 0, 25, 50, 250, 500, 1000, 1500, 2000, 3000, 4000, 5000 ppm. The results showed that in R. indica ‘Major’ rootstock and 25 ppm IBA had highest rooting percentage. Maximum root number was observed in R. Indica ‘major’with 25 and 500 ppm IBA and the minimum number belonged to the control. High callus production was observed in 0, 5000 and 2000 ppm IBA. R. multiflora L. had highest shoot length compared to other rootstocks. According to results R. indica ‘Major’ and 25, 250, 1000 ppm IBA improved the success of  stenting technique. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

60 - Identification of morphological traits effective in essential oils quantity of Oliveria decombens L. in agricultural conditions.
Seyyed Mohammad Hosein Ale Omrani Nejad Ali Rezvani Aghdam

In order to investigate the relationship between morphological traits and the percentage of essential oil and its components in Lal Kohistan (Oliveria decombens L.) populations, this research was conducted in 2018 in the research farm of Shahid Beheshti Dezful Company i More

In order to investigate the relationship between morphological traits and the percentage of essential oil and its components in Lal Kohistan (Oliveria decombens L.) populations, this research was conducted in 2018 in the research farm of Shahid Beheshti Dezful Company in the form of a randomized complete block experimental design with 3 replications. In the spring of 2019, 5 plants from each plot were collected in full flowering stage and 19 quantitative traits were evaluated. Characteristics of stem diameter, shoot diameter, leaf length and width by diameter gauge or caliper, plant height characteristics, internode length, stem leaf width and length using a ruler and weight measurements using a digital scale with an accuracy of one The hundredth gram was done. Also, the amount of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and the ratio of chlorophyll a to b were measured using the fresh leaves of the plant using the Arnone method. After drying the samples in the shade, the ratio of dry to wet weight of 100 cheetahs was obtained. In order to calculate the percentage of essential oil, 50 grams of dried flower of each sample was randomly selected and after grinding, it was poured into a one-liter flask and 300 milliliters of water was added to it. Then, for 4 hours continuously, essential oil extraction was done using the method of distillation with water by Cloninger machine, according to the pharmacopoeia. Then the obtained essential oil was carefully weighed and the percentage of essential oil was calculated based on the dry flower weight of each sample. The measurement of essential oil compounds was done using gas chromatography with mass spectrometer (GC_Mass) and gas chromatography (GC) in the laboratory of Jihad University Medicinal Plants Research Institute. Comparison of Tukey means of traits, determination of simple Pearson correlation coefficients, decomposition into principal components using Varimax rotation method, cluster analysis using Euclidean distance coefficient using Ward method and multivariate or multiple regression test using stepwise method. The step was performed by Minitab software version 18. The results indicated the presence of significant diversity among the populations in terms of morphological and phytochemical traits. Factor analysis of phytochemical traits showed that myristicin, thymol, and carvacrol had the highest factor loadings in the first, second, and third components, respectively, and cluster analysis, based on this, divided the studied populations into 5 independent groups. Divided. The appearance characteristics of the plant have the greatest effect on the biosynthesis of the chemical compounds of the plant. Correlation results and regression equations showed that the characteristics of the number of stipules per plant, dry and wet weight of 100 stipules played the greatest effect on the yield of essential oil and its dominant compounds in a correlation model. Considering the indiscriminate harvesting of this plant in recent years from natural habitats and its lack of cultivation in agricultural conditions, it seems that the use of correlation coefficients and multivariate statistical analyzes of morphological traits are effective in essential oil production. , can be a strategic measure in identifying effective external markers in the process of breeding and selecting superior populations. Manuscript profile

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