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Open Access Article
1 - Growth indices variations of wheat in response to various density and sowing dates of wild oat
farshad abrahimpourTo study the effect of sowing date and density of wild oat on growth and development of wheat an experiment was conducted in randomized complete block in four replications in forms of split-plot in frame of basic design in 2004-2005 and 2005-2006 at Farm Experimental-Re MoreTo study the effect of sowing date and density of wild oat on growth and development of wheat an experiment was conducted in randomized complete block in four replications in forms of split-plot in frame of basic design in 2004-2005 and 2005-2006 at Farm Experimental-Research Islamic Azad University of Shooshtar, Khouzestan. Treatments including sowing date of wild oat (16, 22, 26 November, 1, 6, 11, 16, 22, and 26 December) as main plot, and six densities (0, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 plants m-2) as subplot was conducted in competition with winter wheat on December 6th . The results analysis of growth indices of wheat indicated that with increase growth day degree (GDD), the best status of total dry matter (TDM), crop growth rate (CGR), relative growth rate (RGR), net assimilation rate (NAR), leaf area index (LAI), leaf area ratio (LAR), specific leaf area (SLA) and leaf weight ratio (LWR) belonged to free plots and the latest sowing date (26 December). In addition, by increasing of density or sowing date of wild oat before wheat decreased total dry matter 61 and 70%, crop growth rate 45 and 58%, relative growth rate 57 and 89%, net assimilation rate 92 and 100%, and leaf area index 97 and 100% than density 0 plant m-2 and the later sowing date Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Estimating rice leaf area index at North Iran
Ali Akbar Noroozi Nader Jalali Morteza Miri Moosa AbbasiLeaf Area Index (LAI), is a key component in estimating crop yield and environmental stresses. Given the importance of accurate determination of these parameters, the present study was aimed to estimate the LAI of rice plant. For this purpose, 20 paddy fields were selec MoreLeaf Area Index (LAI), is a key component in estimating crop yield and environmental stresses. Given the importance of accurate determination of these parameters, the present study was aimed to estimate the LAI of rice plant. For this purpose, 20 paddy fields were selected. The data required to perform the operations in the study area were corrected by land impressions (direct method) and measured by AccuPAR (indirect method). Field work to gathering LAI were taken at intervals of 16 days from seedling stage to the flowering stage of rice plants. The results showed that the lowest and highest levels of LAI belongs to seedlings and flowering stages, respectively. The leaf area obtained by both methods, were almost the same for each farm during different stages of plant growth. Consistent with the obtained values by both methods, indicate that the index can be calculated from a derived empirical relationship. Based on this empirical formula for every stage of plant growth, weka3.7 software was adopted to calculate the mentioned relationship. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Improvement of leaf area index and leaf chlorophyll concentration (SPAD) soybean by Fe, Zn and Mn nano-chelates foliar application under limited irrigation conditions
Mohammad Saeed VagharObjectives: Maintaining the balance of nutrients leads to increase yield so the essential elements should be available enough in the process of plant nutrition. This experiment was performed by foliar application of iron, zinc, and manganese nano-clates under limited ir MoreObjectives: Maintaining the balance of nutrients leads to increase yield so the essential elements should be available enough in the process of plant nutrition. This experiment was performed by foliar application of iron, zinc, and manganese nano-clates under limited irrigation conditions to improving leaf area index and leaf chlorophyll concentration.Methods: The two years experiment was conducted (2016-2017). The main plot included four levels of irrigation: full irrigation, irrigation withhold at flowering stage, podding stage, and grain filling period. The subplot included eight levels of foliar application with Fe, Zn, Mn, Fe+Zn, Fe+Mn, Zn+Mn, Fe+Zn+Mn nano-chelates, and distilled water (control).Results: Drought stress reduced leaf area index significantly. The highest reduction was obtained from the interaction of control treatment and cessation of irrigation in the pod stage, which was 31.5% less than the full irrigation treatment. Foliar application of Zn+Mn was more successful in modulating drought stress and increased leaf area index by 49.4% compared to the control. Irrigation cessation in flowering stage increased chlorophyll concentration by 11.2% and decreased it by 16.5% in pod stage. With the application of Fe+Zn nano-chelate increased on leaf chlorophyll concentration in the pod stage and grain formation by 38.8% and 39.1% compared to the control and was recognized as the best treatment.Conclusion: In limited irrigation conditions, foliar feeding of Fe, Zn and Mn nano-chlates is a suitable solution and compatible with water crisis and can improve soybean yield by modifying drought stress and improving leaf area index and leaf chlorophyll concentration. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Investigation Growth Indices Analysis and Sorghum ( Sorghum bicolor L.) Crop Production Affected Different Level of Nitrogen and Nitroxin Bio-Fertilizer
Armaghan Charkhab Mani Mojaddam -
Open Access Article
5 - Response of Growth Curve of Canola Genotypes to Use Different Concentration and Time of Application Gibberellin
Somayeh Ghalandari Tayeb Sakinezhad Mani Mojaddam Shahram Lak Mojtaba Alavi Fazel -
Open Access Article
6 - Assessment Effect of Different Amount and Time of Apply Gibberellin Acid on Quantitative and Qualitative Traits of Broad Bean
Somayeh Ghalandari Tayeb Sakinezhad -
Open Access Article
7 - Response of Growth Indices of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) To Different Level of Deficit Irrigation and Nitrogen Fertilizer
Masood Allaf Lida Berahmandzadeh -
Open Access Article
8 - Effect of Duration and Composition of Seed Priming on Germination Indices and Yield of Wheat (cv. Mehregan) in Khorramshahr Region (South west of Iran)
Masomeh Sebti Kamran Mohsenifar -
Open Access Article
9 - Assess Using Paclobutrazol in Reducing Negative Effects of Late Sowing of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Cultivars
Neda Bakhtiyarinejad Mehran Mombeini Abdollah Bahrani Mahroo Mojtabaie Zamani -
Open Access Article
10 - Assess Effect of Biological Phosphorous Fertilizers and Micro Elements (Boron and Manganese) on Alfalfa Growth Curve Indices
Maryam Khirkhah Hamid Madani Ghorban Normohammadi Mani Mojadam -
Open Access Article
11 - Investigating Effect of Gibberellin Acid on Dormancy Breaking and Germination Speed and Yield of Potato Cultivars
Babak Maghsoudi Damavandi Sara Shirzad -
Open Access Article
12 - Evaluation Effect of Different Level of Combination Chemical and Biological Fertilizer and Several Type of Application Fertilizer on Growth Indices of Bread Wheat
Zhaleh Ahmadi Shahram Lak -
Open Access Article
13 - Assess Correlation between Traits of Sorghum Affected Different Rate of Nitrogen Fertilizer and Vermicompost under Water Stress Situation
Seyedeh Zohreh Hashemi Saeed Zakernejad Khoshnaz Payandeh -
Open Access Article
14 - Effect of Foliar Application of Auxin on the Growth Indices and Crop Production of Wheat Cultivars in Southwest of Iran (Ahvaz region)
Mohsen Salehinazar Tayeb Sakinejad -
Open Access Article
15 - Assessment Effect of Different Irrigation Regime and Fertilizer Combinations on Seed Yield, Radiation Use Efficiency and Biochemical Parameters of Corn
Mohammad Nasri Mansoreh Khalatbari -
Open Access Article
16 - Growth and Biochemical Properties of Green Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) Affected by Foliar Application of Biostimulants
Mozhgan Alibakhshi Hossein Ali Asadi-Gharneh -
Open Access Article
17 - Assessment Effect of Nitroxin and Phosphorus Biofertilizer on Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.) Crop Production, Seed Protein Content and Correlation between Traits
Maryam Amini -
Open Access Article
18 - Evaluation Effect of Different Level of Vermicompost and Manure on Physiological Parameters of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.)
Ahmad Zalaghi Seyed Kivan Marashi Mani Mojadam -
Open Access Article
19 - Response of Growth Indices to Copper Foliar Application at Different Growth Stages of Cowpea
Shahram Ashabi Mohamad Reza Dadnia -
Open Access Article
20 - Evaluation the Quantitative Characteristics of Potato Cultivars Affected Foliar Application of Indole-3-Acetic Acid and Weed Management
Mahmoud Sotoudeh Nezhad Tayeb Saki Nezhad Seyed Keyvan Marashi -
Open Access Article
21 - Response of Morphological Traits and Seed Protein Content of Bread Wheat to Apply Different Level of Biological and Chemical Fertilizers
Reza Dashtbozorgi Shahram Lack -
Open Access Article
22 - Determining the Effect of Different Level of Fertilizer and Tuber Weight on Quantitative Traits of Potato Cultivar under Warm and Dry Climate Condition
Mansour Timar Alireza Shokuhfar Naser Zarifinia -
Open Access Article
23 - Investigating the Effect of Nitrogen and Nitroxin Biological Fertilizer on Quantitative and Qualitative Characteristics of Dual-purpose Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Forage
Najmeh Haghighatzadeh Mani Mojaddam -
Open Access Article
24 - Effect of Time of Seaweed Consumption and Composition of Seaweed and Urea Fertilizer on Nitrogen Use Efficiency and Wheat Yield
Mehrnoosh Zakeri Seyed Keyvan Marashi -
Open Access Article
25 - Response of Qualitative Characteristics of Cowpea to Foliar Application of Methanol and Zinc Chelate
Hossien Atrak Mani Mojadam -
Open Access Article
26 - اثر پوشش های کاهنده تبخیر بر شاخص های فیزیولوژیکی رشد ذرت سینگل کراس 704
شکوفه نچف آبادی محمد رضا نوری امام زاده ای مهدی قبادی نیا عبدالرزاق دانش شهرکیبه منظور بررسی شاخص‎های فیزیولوژیکی رشد ذرت، آزمایشی در سال زراعی 1393 انجام شد. آزمایش به صورت طرح بلوک کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار انجام گردید. تیمارها شامل شاهد )بدون پوشش(، پوشش پلاستیک شفاف، پلاستیک سیاه، گونی نخی، گونی پلاستیک سفید و آبی بودند. به‎منظور کاهش ت Moreبه منظور بررسی شاخص‎های فیزیولوژیکی رشد ذرت، آزمایشی در سال زراعی 1393 انجام شد. آزمایش به صورت طرح بلوک کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار انجام گردید. تیمارها شامل شاهد )بدون پوشش(، پوشش پلاستیک شفاف، پلاستیک سیاه، گونی نخی، گونی پلاستیک سفید و آبی بودند. به‎منظور کاهش تبخیر از سطح خاک و کاهش میزان آب مصرفی عملیات کاشت و داشت طبق اصول زراعی انجام شد. رطوبت خاک در ناحیه ریشه در طول فصل به کمک دستگاه تتاپروپ اندازه گیری شد و میزان و زمان هر اتفاق آبیاری بر اساس MAD=50 با تأمین نیاز آبی کامل تعیین و اعمال گردید. نتایج نشان داد بیش‎ترین شاخص سطح برگ، شاخص رشد محصول، شاخص رشد نسبی و میزان جذب خالص مربوط به پوشش گونی سفید و گونی آبی است که به‎دلیل حفظ آب و ذخیره رطوبت در خاک و خنک بودن محیط رشد گیاه می‎باشد و نهایتا سبب افزایش رشد محصول و عملکرد بالا می‎گردد و کم‎ترین مقدار شاخص‎های فیزیولوژیکی مربوط به پوشش پلاستیک سیاه است که علت این امر کمبود رطوبت و نبودن شرایط مطلوب رشد برای گیاه بوده است که باعث کم‎بودن عملکرد شده است. بنابراین گونی سفید و گونی آبی بیش‎ترین تاثیر در حفظ رطوبت آب و عملکرد محصول را دارا می‎باشند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - بررسی اثر سطوح مختلف سوپرجاذب بر تعداد و سطح برگ کاهو (Lactuca sativa var. longifolia) تحت تنش خشکی
هانیه طاهری امیر سلطانی محمدی ناصر عالم زاده انصاریدر این پژوهش، به منظور ارزیــابی تاثیر پلیمر سوپر جاذب و تنش خشکی بر تعداد و سطح برگ گیاه کاهو آزمایشی صحرایی در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی فاکتوریل با دو تیمار شامل رژیم آبیاری در سه سطح (60، 80 و 100 درصد نیازآبی گیاه) و غلظت سوپرجاذب در چهار سطح (صفر، 4 ،6 و 8 گرم در هر Moreدر این پژوهش، به منظور ارزیــابی تاثیر پلیمر سوپر جاذب و تنش خشکی بر تعداد و سطح برگ گیاه کاهو آزمایشی صحرایی در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی فاکتوریل با دو تیمار شامل رژیم آبیاری در سه سطح (60، 80 و 100 درصد نیازآبی گیاه) و غلظت سوپرجاذب در چهار سطح (صفر، 4 ،6 و 8 گرم در هر کیلوگرم خاک گلدان) در سه تکرار در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشکده مهندسی علوم آب دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد که کاربرد سوپرجاذب و تنش خشکی در سطح احتمال یک درصد بر تعداد و سطح برگ تأثیر معنی دار دارد. بیشترین تعداد برگ (56 برگ در بوته) در تیمار 8 گرم سوپرجاذب و 80 درصد نیاز آبی و بیشترین سطح برگ (6320 سانتیمتر مربع) در تیمار 6 گرم سوپرجاذب و 100 درصد نیاز آبی مشاهده شد. کمترین تعداد برگ (43 برگ در بوته) و سطح برگ (3043 سانتیمتر مربع) در تیمار صفر گرم سوپرجاذب و 60 درصد نیاز آبی مشاهده شد. در بین تیمارهای این پژوهش بیشترین تأثیر در افزایش تعداد و سطح برگ در تیمار 6 گرم سوپرجاذب و 100 درصد نیاز آبی مشاهده شد بنابراین استفاده از آن توصیه می شود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - The Effect of Different Interference Periods of Weeds on, Leaf Area Index, Yield and Yield Components of Corn Hybrid
H. Shahi B. Mirshekari A. Valad Abadi A. Dabbag-e-Mohammadi NasabDifferent interference periods of weed on leaf area index, yield and yield components of corn hybrids were investigated in a factorial experiment conducted of Research Station of Faculty of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz Brach, based on randomized complete MoreDifferent interference periods of weed on leaf area index, yield and yield components of corn hybrids were investigated in a factorial experiment conducted of Research Station of Faculty of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz Brach, based on randomized complete block design in three replicates in 2007. The treatments consisted of weed interference periods (interference at 2 – 4 leaf Stage, 4 – 6 leaf, 6 –8 leaf stages, full season weed interference and weed free control plot) and three corn hybrids (504, 604 and 704). Results showed that the traits such as biological yield, leaf area index and number of grain per plant in a row were affected by weed interference treatments and maize hybrids significantly. While the grain yield, and harvest index were influenced by corn hybrids, significantly. But there was not significant difference in weed interference treatments. Biological yield and leaf area index in full season weed interference in comparison with weed free control plot reduced by 25%, 48%, respectively. In this study 504 hybrid with grain yield 5.8 tha-1, biological yield 11.6 t.ha-1 and harvest index 49% was found to be better than hybrids 604 and 704 hybrids. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
29 - Effect of Seed Treatment with Salicylic Acid on Some Seedling Characteristics of Borage
H. Khooshehkar F. ShekariThe effects of seed priming of borage (Borago officinalis)with salicylic acid on improving its seedling traits was investigated under field condition in a complete randomized block design. Treatments consisted of untreated seeds as control, hydropriming and treatme MoreThe effects of seed priming of borage (Borago officinalis)with salicylic acid on improving its seedling traits was investigated under field condition in a complete randomized block design. Treatments consisted of untreated seeds as control, hydropriming and treatment with 500, 1000, 1500 and 2000 μM salicylic acid. Results showed that priming with salicylic acid significantly improved mean emergence time, emergence percent and index, fresh and dry weight of seedling, leaf area, leaf area ratio and specific leaf weight, but it did not affect seedling fresh weight to dry weight ratio. The highest emergence index and specific leaf weight and lowest mean emergence time (emergence rate) and leaf area ratio was found in plants which their seed were primed with 500 μM salicylic acid. It seems that seed priming with salicylic acid increased seedling dry weight more than leaf area. It was also revealed that treating seeds with the highest levels of salicylic acids resulted in negative effects on the traits measured. The lowest emergence index, emergence percent, fresh and dry weight of seedling and specific leaf weight and highest mean emergence time and leaf area ratio oblained from seedlings which primed with 2000 μM salicylic acid and followed by control and hydroprim treatments. It can be concluded that, priming with proper concentration of salicylic acid was more effective than hydropriming. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
30 - Evaluation of Yield, Yield Components and Photosynthesis of Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) in Response to Combined Salinity and Drought Stresses at Vegetative Growth Stage
Marziyeh Esmaeilzadeh Hosein Babazadeh Hormozd Naghavi Ali Saremi Gholamhosein ShiresmaeiliThe research was carried out to evaluate the response of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) to salinity, drought and combined salinity- drought stresses at its vegetative stage and share of their effects on reduction of yield, yield components and photosynthesis of pla MoreThe research was carried out to evaluate the response of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) to salinity, drought and combined salinity- drought stresses at its vegetative stage and share of their effects on reduction of yield, yield components and photosynthesis of plant. For this purpose, a split plot experiment based on randomized complete block design was carried out at Agricultural Education Center of Kabotarabad- Isfahan in 2016-2017. In this study, response of spring safflower (Sofeh variety) to four salinity stress levels (2.5, 5, 10 and 15 dS/m) and four drought stress levels (100%, 80%, 60% and 40% F.C.) at vegetative growth stage were evaluated. The results showed that mean values of most traits were significantly reduced with increasing salinity and drought stress levels, in such a way that severe drought (Irrigation based on 40% field capacity) and salinity (15 dS/m) treatments produced lowest values for all traits. Seed oil content decreased with increasing salinity but this decrease (7.4%) was significant only at highest salinity level (15 dS/m). The highest level of combined salinity-drought stress decreased seed yield (87.13% decrease) more than the highest level of each of drought (71.40% decrease) and salinity (55.56% decrease) stresses as compared to control treatment (without drought and salinity stress), and the share of drought stress in reduction of seed yield was higher than the salinity stress (71.40% and 55.56%, respectively). Thus, growing safflower with minimum loss of seed yield, by irrigation with 80% F.C. and water salinity with 5 dS/m at the vegetative growth stage is possible. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
31 - Evaluating of Forage Yield Increase of Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) and Weed Control by Its Intercropping with Forage Legumes
Saeid Vaezi Seyed Alireza Valadabadi Majid Pouryousef Saeed Seifzadeh Hamid Reza ZakerinThis experiment was conducted to study yield increase of forage sorghum by its intercropping with forage legumes and weed control. This study was carried out in a factorial experiment based on a randomized complete block design with 3 replications at the Research Statio MoreThis experiment was conducted to study yield increase of forage sorghum by its intercropping with forage legumes and weed control. This study was carried out in a factorial experiment based on a randomized complete block design with 3 replications at the Research Station of University of Zanjan in 2015. In this experiment, a different proportatios of sorghum with forage legumes including pure culture of sorghum plants, lathyrus and hairy vetch, increased percent of sorghum by 33%, 66% and 100% of hairy vetch and lathyrus, and different weed control management, including full weed control during season, single weed control and no weeds control, were examined. The results showed that the highest and lowest fresh and dry yields of sorghum were obtained in intercropping of sorghum with 33% vetch and 100% lathyrus, respectively. The highest chlorophyll content and leaf area belonged to sole cropping of sorghum and full weed control. The highest height of sorghum and cover crops was observed in 100% sorghum+ 100% lathyrus and weed-infested. On the other hand, in the sole culture of vetch and lathyrus and full weed control treat, the cover crops had the highest dry weights. The results of this experiment also showed that the highest dry weights and density of weeds were obtained under sole culture and weed-infested condition. As a result, it can be said that by selecting the appropriate intercropping ratios and forage legumes, we can control weed population to a large extent also improve the quantitative yield of sorghum forage. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
32 - Effect of Shading on some Important Physiological Traits in Lentil Crop
F. Darabi A. Hatami M.J. Zarea R. NaseriLight is one of the growth-reducing factors in mixed cropping and agroforestry systems. Therefore, an experimental field was conducted to justiffy the effect of light intensity on two lentil cultivars. It was performed in a factorial experiment based on randomized compl MoreLight is one of the growth-reducing factors in mixed cropping and agroforestry systems. Therefore, an experimental field was conducted to justiffy the effect of light intensity on two lentil cultivars. It was performed in a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications at Agricultural Research Station of Ilam University during 2012-2013 cropping season. The factors under study consisted of shading in four levels (0 shading, 25, 50, 75 and 100% of shadings) and two cultivars lentil (Lens culinaris Medic) (Ziba and ILL4400). Results showed that physiologic traits were significantly affected by cultivar × shading intraction. Ziba cultivar had the highest chlorophyll a and b content in 100% shading. Carotenoid content, relative water content and leaf area index also increased with increasing in shading. The highest and lowest carotenoid and relative water contents were observed in 100% shading × ILL4400 cultivar and control treatment × Ziba cultiva, respectively. The highest leaf specific weight observed in control treatment × Ziba cultivar and decreased with increasing shading. Grain yield decreased with increasing shading. The highest and lowest mean grain yield, 2522 kg.ha-1 and 1137 kg.ha-1, were observed in control treatment × Ziba cultivar and 100% shading and ILL4400 cultivar, respectively. Based on the results of this study, Ziba cultivar had the highest leaf area index, relative water content and chlorophyll a in higher shading treatments; hence, it can perform better than ILL4400 in mixed cropping and agroforestry systems where the light is limited factor. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
33 - Effect of Integrated Application of Biochar and Nitroxin on Growth Traits and Grain Yield of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) under Different Irrigation Regimes
Seyed Afshin Moosavi AliReza Shokuhfar Shahram Lak Mani Mojaddam Mojtaba AlavifazelAccording to Iranian water resource limitations it is mandatory to find water efficient strategies for crop production in accordance with reduction of chemical inputs. A split-factorial experiment was conducted in 2018 based on randomize complete block design with three MoreAccording to Iranian water resource limitations it is mandatory to find water efficient strategies for crop production in accordance with reduction of chemical inputs. A split-factorial experiment was conducted in 2018 based on randomize complete block design with three replications to investigate the effects of biochar and nitroxin application on growth traits and yield of cowpea under different irrigation regimes. Experimental treatments were irrigation regimes (0, 90, 120 mm) evaporation from water pan class A which were considered as no stress, mild water stress and Sevier water stress, respectively. Irrigation treatments were arranged as main plot and three levels of biochar (0,4, 8 t.ha-1) and nitroxin (inoculated and no inoculated) considered as factorial subplots. Results showed that dry matter accumulation and relative crop growth rate exhibited a sigmoid pattern while leaf area and growth rate followed gaussian pattern. Based on model output DMTmax was 467 g.m-2 and RGRmax was 0/100 g, LAImax 3.65 and CGRmax was 12.6 g.m-2 which reach to 50% of final value in 55/9, 65.9, 40.5 and 31.7, respectively. Application 8 ton/ha biochar with nitroxxin resulted in 12% RWC and 10%, 27% improved nitrogen and phosphor status under severe stress condition. Irrigation at 120 mm evaporation caused 33% reduction of grain yield and nitroxin application at normal condition caused 19% increase in grain yield but at 120 mm evaporation it did not exhibit significant effect. Application of biochar at no stress condition led to 37% increase in grain yield and such changes reach to 29% at 120 mm evaporation from water pan class A. The highest grain yield (266 g.m-2) obtained from 8 t.ha-1 biochar at no stress condition and the maximum biological yield was obtained from 8 t.ha-1 biochar with nitroxin (809 g.m-2). Application of 8 t.ha-1 biochar incorporated with nitroxin could provide satisfactory yield for cowpea crop under water limited condition. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
34 - The Effect of Biological and Chemical Phosphorus Fertilizers on Radiation Use Efficiency, P Concentration and Yield of Wheat Cultivar (Pishgam)
Somayeh Vejdani Aram Goudarz Ahmadvand Somayeh HajiniaTo evaluate the effect of biological and chemical phosphorous fertilizers on radiation use efficiency, P concentration and yield of wheat cultivar (Pishgam) A field study was carried out as a factorial experiment based on a randomized complete block design with three re MoreTo evaluate the effect of biological and chemical phosphorous fertilizers on radiation use efficiency, P concentration and yield of wheat cultivar (Pishgam) A field study was carried out as a factorial experiment based on a randomized complete block design with three replications, in 2011-2012 at the Agricultural and Natural Research Station of Hamedan province. The factors were three levels of phosphorus fertilizer (P1) 0, (P2) 22.5 and (P3) 45 kg.ha-1 diammonium phosphate of based on soil test and five levels of biofertilizer applications: non-biofertilizer application (B1), biofertilizer application at the rate of 100 g.ha-1 at planting (B2), biofertilizer application in two stages, at the rate of 100 g.ha-1 at planting and 100 g.ha-1 in the spring (B3), biofertilizer application at the rate of 200 g.ha-1 at planting (B4), biofertilizer application in two stages, at the rate of 200 g.ha-1at planting and 200 g.ha-1 in the spring (B5). The results showed the highest leaf area index (5.8 and 5.7, respectively) was produced in biofertilizer of B4 and B3 levels with application of 45 kg ha-1 diammonium phosphate. Application of 45 kg.ha-1 diammonium phosphate with biofertilizers of B2, B5, B4 and B3 levels, caused an increase in total dry matter about 29.7, 25.9, 4.0 and 2.5 percent, respectively, as compared to that of control. The highest radiation use efficiency of 2.45 g.mj-1 belonged to 45 kg.ha-1 diammonium phosphate with biofertilizers of B4 which was 23 percent more than that of control. Bio-fertilizer of B3 and B2 levels increased grain yield of wheat by 9.8 and 9.3 percent, respectively, as compared to that of control. Finally it can be stated that biofertilizer Barvar-2, resulted in the increase of grain yield. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
35 - The Growth Analysis of Corn (Zea mays L. cv. SC 604) With Different Fertilizers Application
M. Yazdani H. Pirdashti M.A. BahmanyarTo investigate the responses growth indices of corn (Zea mays L. cv. SC 604) to using plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and phosphate solubilizing microorganisms (PSM) and rhizobacteria, a field experiment was conducted during 2008. The study was arranged in s MoreTo investigate the responses growth indices of corn (Zea mays L. cv. SC 604) to using plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and phosphate solubilizing microorganisms (PSM) and rhizobacteria, a field experiment was conducted during 2008. The study was arranged in split plot experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications. Three levels of manures, consisted of 20 Mg.ha-1 farmyard manure, 15 Mg.ha-1 green manure and check or without any manures assigned to main plots and eight levels of fertilizer combinations (consisted of 1-NPK or recommended fertilizer application; 2-NPK+PSM+PGPR; 3-NP50%K+PSM +PGPR; 4-N50%PK+PSM+ PGPR; 5-N50%P50%K+PSM+ PGPR; 6-PK+PGPR; 7-NK+PSM and 8-PSM+ PGPR) to sub plots. Results showed that the maximum dry matter (13/2 g.m-2), leaf area index (3/8) and crop growth rate (34/5 g.m-2.day-1) were, produced by using both farmyard manure and application of NPK plus biofertilizers. Application of green manure and biofertilizer significantly increased dry matter by 11% compared to control. Meanwhile, farmyard manure and green manure application markedly increased the leaf area index by 17 and 10%, respectively. NPK treatment in farmyard manure plots and inoculation of PGPR and PSM significantly increased crop growth rate in corn plants compared to green manure and control plots. However, inoculation of biofertilizer and reducing P application by 50% did not significant influence growth indices such as total dry matter accumulation, leaf area index, and crop growth rate significantly. In conclusion, it seems that biofertilizers could be recommended as an effective option to reduce phosphate chemical fertilizers, improve the growth indices of corn plants, which ultimately result in grain yield increase. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
36 - Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer on Morphophysiological and Antioxidant Properties of Calendula officinalis L. under Irrigation Regimes
Afsaneh Pirmani Touraj Mir Mahmoodi Soran Sharafi Saman Yazdan SetaTo study the effects of nitrogen levels on morphophysiological and antioxidants properties of calendula under deferent irrigation regimes a split plot experiment based on a randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted at the Urmia Agricultural MoreTo study the effects of nitrogen levels on morphophysiological and antioxidants properties of calendula under deferent irrigation regimes a split plot experiment based on a randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted at the Urmia Agricultural Station of Saat Lo for two cropping seasons 2016-17. Treatments were four levels of irrigation (irrigation after 5, 10, 15 and 20 days) assigned to main plots, and application of 0, 80, 160 and 240 kg.ha-1 nitrogen to subplots. Results showed that the effects of irrigation intervals on all studied traits waer significant. There were significant differences among nitrogen levels on all traits except proline content. Interaction of two treatments was significant on leaf area index, stomatal conduction coefficient, chlorophyll b, essential oil percentage, and essential oil yield. Resulats also indicated that, with increasing irrigation intervals from 5 to 20 days, relative water content, chlorophyll, carotenoid, and dry flower yield were reduced by 36.64, 35.27, 24.31 and 45.77 percent respectively. Proline content, catalase superoxide dismutase, and malondialdehyde activities were increased by 24.72, 33.04, 35.51 and 20.86 percent, respectively. Among the nitrogen fertilizer levels, 160 kg ha-1 increased, relative water content, chlorophyll a, carotenoid and dry flower yield by 16.18, 4.24, 23.68 and 28.26 percent, respectively, while it reduced the activity of catalase, superoxide dismutase, and malondialdehyde by 18.10, 21.23 and 29.69 percent respectively as compared to control. The highest leaf area index, stomatal conduction coefficient, chlorophyll b were increased by the use of 160 kg.ha-1 nitrogen fertilizer and irrigation intervals of 5 days. The highest percentage of essential oil of the flower and essential oil yield were also belonged to the application of 160 kg.ha-1 nitrogen and irrigation interval of 10 days. To obtain better quality and higher essential oil yield from calendula, irrigation interval of 10 days and application of 160 kg.ha-1 nitrogen fertilizer is recommended. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
37 - Yield and Oil Percentage of Safflower Cultivars (Carthamus tinctorius L.) in Spring and Summer Planting Seasons Affected by Drought Stress
Gholam Hossein Shir esmaeili Ali Akbar Maghsudi mood Gholam Reza Khajueinejad Ruhollah AbdoshahiTo investigate the effects of drought stress on yield and oil percentage of safflower, an experiment was carried in split split plot based on randomized complete block design with four replications during spring and summer planting seasons at Kaboutarabad Agricultural R MoreTo investigate the effects of drought stress on yield and oil percentage of safflower, an experiment was carried in split split plot based on randomized complete block design with four replications during spring and summer planting seasons at Kaboutarabad Agricultural Research Station of Isfahan in 2015. The main factor consisted of two planting seasons (spring and summer), the sub-factor comprised of three irrigation treatments (normal irrigating from sowing to plant maturity as control, irrigation up to the beginning of flowering and irrigation up to seed filling period) and the sub-sub factor were ten safflower cultivars (Sofeh, Goldasht, Sina, Faraman, Mec117, Mec295, Mec18, Mec11, Mec7 and Mec27). The results showed that irrigation treatments had significant effects on leaf area index, relative water content, plant dry weight and grain yield. Drought stress reduced these traits. Drought stress had not significant effect on oil percentage while oil yield because of reduction of grain yield. The highest yield of oil belonged to Sofeh cultivar. Oil yield in irrigation treatments during seed filling and flowering period decreased by 26% and 46%, respectively as compared to control. Results showed that all cultivars in summer planting had lower grain and oil yield due to increasing of temperature as compare to spring planting. Although the oil percentage in summer planting was about 1% higher than spring planting, but due to lower grain yield, oil yield decreased by 60% during summer planting. Sofa and Mec11 cultivars produced the highest and lowest oil yields with 803 and 530 kg.ha -1 , respectively. Also, Sofa cultivar had the highest grain yield in both of planting seasons. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
38 - Effect of Phosphate Fertilizer Type and Nitrogen Application Method on Tuber Yield and Growth Indices of Three Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Cultivars
Masoud Jalili Honarmand Mohammad Ali AboutalebianNitrogen and phosphorus are essential nutrients in growth of plants. In addition, the type and method of fertilizer application play an important role in the efficient absorption of nutrients and reduce fertilizer use. Therefore, an experiment was conducted in a randomi MoreNitrogen and phosphorus are essential nutrients in growth of plants. In addition, the type and method of fertilizer application play an important role in the efficient absorption of nutrients and reduce fertilizer use. Therefore, an experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications in the Bahar city in 2017: phosphorus fertilizer was three levels (no application, triple superphosphate and diammonium phosphate), nitrogen fertilizer with two levels (placement and no-placement) and potato cultivar with three levels (Agria, Banba and Sante). The highest leaf area index (5.27), crop growth rate (13.22 g.m-2) and total dry matter (582.86 g.m-2) were obtained from diammonium phosphate along with nitrogen placement in by using Agria cultivar. The results also showed that under conditions phosphorus deficiency, nitrogen application method did not affect leaf area index, crop growth rate and total dry matter: However, tuber yield of Agria under phosphorus deficiency increased by nitrogen placement treatment. In this study, the use of diammonium phosphate, compared to triple superphosphate, increased leaf area index, crop growth rate, relative growth rate and total dry matter. The effect of nitrogen placement along with triple superphosphate was higher than that of nitrogen with diammonium phosphate. Chlorophyll index was not affected by nitrogen placement when using diammonium phosphate, whereas, nitrogen placement increased chlorophyll index by 6.5% with triple superphosphate. The results also showed that the tuber yield increased by 25.4% when nitrogen used by placement combined with triple superphosphate fertilizer. As a whole, highest tuber yields of all three cultivars, especially in Agria and Banba, were increased under nitrogen placement treatment along with diammonium phosphate. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
39 - Response of Two Rapeseed Cultivars (Brassica napus L.) in Terms of Growth Indices, Yield and Yield Components to Method of Nitrogen Fertilizer Application in Gonbad-e Qabus Plain
Seyyed Fazel Fazeli Kakhki Morteza Goldani Farhad Soleimani fard Naser BikzadehIn order to investigate the response of rapeseed to the application method of nitrogen fertilizer, a factorial experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications in the 2015-2016 crop season. The first factor was two canola cultivars MoreIn order to investigate the response of rapeseed to the application method of nitrogen fertilizer, a factorial experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications in the 2015-2016 crop season. The first factor was two canola cultivars (Hayola 401 and RGS003) and the second factor was four application method of nitrogen fertilizer treatment as F1: three stages fertilization in soil used, F2: three stages foliar spraying application, F3: four stages of fertilization in soil used and F4: four stages of fertilization as foliar spraying. The results showed that the highest plant height was obtained by applying F3 treatment with 144.8 and 161 cm per plant in the second and third sampling, respectively. The highest leaf dry weight and leaf area was obtain by application F3 treatment in all sampling stages. The same trend was observed for the dry weight of lateral branches, so that in the third stage of sampling, the highest dry weight of lateral branches with 59.4 g.plant-1 was obtained by consuming of F3 treatment. The highest biomass and grain yield were obtained from F3 treatment with 1029 g.m-2 and 332 g.m-2 respectively. The highest number of pod (145 pod per plant), biomass (1105 g.m-2), oil yield (121 g.m-2) and seed yield (358 g.m-2) was obtain from application F3 in Hayola 401 cultivar. In general, the results showed that all morphological and yield indices of the plant were obtained from application of nitrogen fertilizer in four stages at the soil used that Hayola 401 cultivar showed more positive response to this used method of fertilization. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
40 - Effect of Urea and Nitrapyrine on Quantitative and Qualitative Characteristics of Different Wheat Cultivars (Triticum aestivume L.) under Different Tillage Conditions
Reza Nozari Esmaeil Hadidi Masouleh Azam Borzouei Saeed Sayfzadeh Ali EskandariIn order to evaluate different tillage methods and urea fertilizer with nitrapyrin on total chlorophyll content, grain protein, yield and yield components of two wheat cultivars, an experiment was conducted in form of split factorial in randomized complete blocks with t MoreIn order to evaluate different tillage methods and urea fertilizer with nitrapyrin on total chlorophyll content, grain protein, yield and yield components of two wheat cultivars, an experiment was conducted in form of split factorial in randomized complete blocks with three replications in the Research farm Nuclear Science and Technology in 2017-2018. Experimental treatments included conventional and minimum tillage, fertilizer treatment at three levels of 0, 150 kg urea ha-1 and 150 kg urea ha-1 + nitrapyrin and wheat cultivars (Arg and Omidbakhsh). Tillage systems were effective on the studied traits and that the highest amount of chlorophyll (5.18 mg.g-1 FW) and leaf area index (3.78) were obtained in minimum and conventional tillage, respectively. The highest grain protein content (170.7%), grain yield (668.3 kg.ha-1) and harvest index (42.51%) were obtained in minimum tillage and 150 kg urea ha-1 fertilizer + nitrapyrin. Application of urea + nitrapyrin increased grain protein, 1000-grain weight and harvest index. Both Arg and Omidbakhsh cultivars obtained the highest plant height (102.16 and 104.66 cm, respectively) and leaf area index (3.88 and 3.98, respectively) in 150 kg urea ha-1 treatment. The three-way interactions of tillage, fertilizer and cultivar also had a significant effect on leaf dry weight, grain yield and biological yield. In minimal tillage, Omidbakhsh cultivar in 150 kg urea ha-1 + nitrapyrin fertilizer treatment showed better grain yield and biological yield than other treatments. According to the obtained results, in minimal plowing conditions, Omidbakhsh cultivar and application of urea + nitrapyrin is recommended. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
41 - The Study of Some Morphophysiological Characteristics Associated with Seed Yield and its Components of Rapeseed
M. Eskandari Kordlar B. Pasban eslam A. Mousavizadeh M. RoshdiTo investigate association of some morphophysiological characteristics with seed yield and its components of oilseed rape varieties, a research was carried out at East Azerbaijan Agriculture and Natural Resources Research Center in 2005-2006. Experimental design was ran MoreTo investigate association of some morphophysiological characteristics with seed yield and its components of oilseed rape varieties, a research was carried out at East Azerbaijan Agriculture and Natural Resources Research Center in 2005-2006. Experimental design was randomized complete block with four replications. Varieties under study showed significant differences in leaf area and leaf number per plant (typeI, II and total), leaf dry weight per plant, specific leaf weight, leaf temperature, seed oil percent, seed and oil yields. The results indicated that high yielding varieties possessed higher levels of leaf area (type II). SLMO46, Sunday, ARC-2, Opera and Ebonite had the higher seed yields than other varieties respectively. Sunday, Ebonit, SLM046, ARC-2 and Opera produced higher and Okapi, Sinatra, Regent×Cob, Geronima and Olpro lower oil yields. In this research, a positive and significant correlations were observed between seed yield with oil yield, leaf area type II, total leaf area, leaf dry weight, while a negative and significant correlation between seed oil and seed yield were seen. Correlations of oil yield with seed oil, seed yield, leaf dry weight and leaf area (typeI, II and total) were positive and significant. It seems that leaf area, especially larger leaves with longer petiole (type II), had important role in seed and oil yields. It can be concluded that replicating the experiment, would possibly result in recommending adaptable and high yielding oilseed rape varieties for cold climates of the country. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
42 - Response of Some Physiological Parameters of Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) Varieties to Manure, Chemical Fertilizer and Their Combined Uses
Sajjad Nasiri Sohrab Mahmoudi Mohammad Ali Behdani Alireza SamadzadehTo evaluate the effects of manure, chemical fertilizers and their combined uses on yield and some physiological parameters of tomato varieties, an experiment was conducted as split plot in a randomized complete block design with three replications at the Agricultural Fa MoreTo evaluate the effects of manure, chemical fertilizers and their combined uses on yield and some physiological parameters of tomato varieties, an experiment was conducted as split plot in a randomized complete block design with three replications at the Agricultural Faculty of the University of Birjand in 2014. In this experiment fertilizer with 3 levels (manure, chemical fertilizer and their combined uses) asseigned to main plots and three tomato varieties (Orbana, Super chief and Super majar) to sub plots. Physiological parameters under study were LAI, CGR, RGR and NAR which measured every 10 days after the seedling establishment. The results showed significant effects of fertilizer and varieties on these parameters. The highest leaf area index (3.56) was obtained by the used of chemical fertilizers and the lowest (3) by the application of manure. Orbana possessed the highest LAI (4) and Super chief the lowest LAI (2.78). In this experiment, the highest crop growth rate (CGR) belonged to Orbana by the use of combined application of fertilizers and the lowest to Super Chief by the use of manure. Plants treated with chemical fertilizer had the highest relative growth rate (RGR) and those treated with their combined application and manure stood in the lower categories. The highest total tomato yield was related to the use of chemical fertilizer and the lowest to the use of combined fertilizers. The results of this experiment can be used to emphasize the role of organic fertilizers to produce highest tomato yield, both in quantity and quality, in this region and other similar regions in the country. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
43 - Effect of Mycorrhiza and Phosphate Solublizing Bacteria on Yield of Corn (Zea mays L.) (KSC 704) under Different Irrigation Regimes
Khoshnaz Payandeh Mani Mojaddam Nazli DerogarApplication of mycorrhizal fungi may improve the nutritional status of the plant and increase its resistance to environmental stresses, such as deficiencies water. This research was conducted in a split plot experiment based on randomized complete block design with thre MoreApplication of mycorrhizal fungi may improve the nutritional status of the plant and increase its resistance to environmental stresses, such as deficiencies water. This research was conducted in a split plot experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications at Hamidieh region of Ahvaz in 2018. Treatments consisted of irrigation regimes with three levels (60, 90 and 120 mm evaporation from class A pan evaporation) assigned to main plots and combined use of mycorrhiza and phosphate stabilizing bacteriawith four levels (non application, mycorrhiza, mycorrhiza and phosphate stabilizing bacteria and Phosphate solublizing bacteria) to sub plots. The results showed that the effects of irrigation regimes and combined use of mycorrhiza and phosphorus fertilizer on leaf area index, symbiosis percent, seed number of seeds per row of corn ear, number of seeds per ear, 1000 seed weight and seed yield were significant. Mean comparisons showed that combined treatment of mycorrhizal fungi and phosphate solubilizing bacteria resulted in the maximum number of seeds per ear, number of seeds per row, 1000 seed weight and leaf area index. The highest seed yield (6400.55 kg.ha-1) was obtained from 60 mm evaporation from class A evaporation pan and the combined application of mycorrhiza and phosphate solubilizing bacteria and lowest from 120 mm evaporation and without application of mycorrhiza and phosphate solubilizing bacteria. It can be concluded that combined use of mycorrhiza and phosphate solubilizing bacteria can be considered promising in growing maize for seed at this experimental region. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
44 - Effect of N Fertilizer and Growth Stimulating Bacteria on Growth Traits of Sugar Beet (Beta vulgaris L.) under Delayed Sowing Condition
Nosratollah Nosrat Morteza Goldani Javad RezaeiDelayed planting of sugar beet, use of nitrogen fertilizer and growth promoting bacteria are important in accelerating growth and compensating time loss. To study this subject, a split split plot experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with 3 repl MoreDelayed planting of sugar beet, use of nitrogen fertilizer and growth promoting bacteria are important in accelerating growth and compensating time loss. To study this subject, a split split plot experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with 3 replications and 8 treatments in 2018 at the Research Farm of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. The factors under study consisted of planting date with two levels (regular planting, D1, and delayed planting, D2) as the main factor, nitrogen fertilizer with two levels (use of nitrogen fertilizer based on recommended rate, N1 and 25% less than recommended rate, N2) as a subfactors and bacterial growth stimulant with two levels (bacterial inoculation, B2, and without its use, B1) were considered as sub-sub- factors. Growth indices under study were leaf area index, total dry matter, crop growth rate, relative growth rate and net assimilation rate. In this study, highest leaf area index (3.5) and dry matter accumulation (2898 g.m-2) in thermal unit, as well as growth rate, relative growth rate and net assimilation rate under regular and delayed planting dates were due to the use of recommended rate of nitrogen fertilizer and bacterial inoculation treatments. The least amounts of these traits were obtained at both planting dates and use of nitrogen fertilizer, 25% less than the recommendation, and without using bacteria. Root yield and sugar content sugar beet under treatment of bacterial and nitrogen use, based on recommended rate, showed 8 to 10% higher than other treatments, under both regular and delayed planting date. It seems that the combined use of chemical and biological fertilizers is useful in delayed sowing, to compensate delayed time loss planting of sugar beet. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
45 - Effect of Super-Adsorbent and Irrigation Levels on Quantitative and Qualitative Characteristics of Sugar Beet (Beta vulgaris)
Marouf Khalili Hamze HamzeTo Investigate the effect of super-adsorbent and irrigation levels on quantitative and qualitative characteristics Rastar cultivar of sugar beet a split plots experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design with three replicas was conducted at the Agr MoreTo Investigate the effect of super-adsorbent and irrigation levels on quantitative and qualitative characteristics Rastar cultivar of sugar beet a split plots experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design with three replicas was conducted at the Agricultural University of Mahabad in 2017. Irrigation in three levels (Irrigation after 60, 120 and 180 mm evaporation from class A pan) is assigned to main plats and super-absorbents A200 in four levels (0, 50, 150 and 200 kg.ha-1) to the subplots. The simple effects of irrigation regime and superabsorbent on all traits, except for the coefficient of sugar extraction, was significant. The interaction of treatments were significant on the dry weight of shoot, sugar content, root yield, and sugar yield and white sugar yield. In this research, the highest leaf area index, root length, and leaf relative water content and the lowest amount of white sugar content belonged to irrigation after 60 mm evaporation. Application of 50 and 150 kg.ha-1 super-absorbent highly increased leaf area index, root length, and leaf relative water content while it decrease the percent of white sugar content. The highest shoot dry weight (3.97 t.ha-1), root yield (69.35 t.ha-1), sugar yield (10.51 t.ha-1) and white sugar yield (9.39 t.ha-1) and the lowest percentage of sugar (15.20%) caused by irrigation interval after 60 mm evaporation and using 200 kg.ha-1 super-absorbent. Interactions due to irrigation and use of super-absorbent showed that there was the non-significant difference between irrigation regime after 60 mm in control treatment (not applicable super-absorbent) with the application of 50, 150 and 200 kg.ha-1super-adsorbent in irrigation regime after 120 mm and application of 150 and 200 kg.ha-1super-absorbent in irrigation regime after 180 mm. Thus, using of 150 kg.ha-1 super-absorbent in irrigation regime after 180 mm evaporation can have similar white sugar yield as it was under irrigation regime after 60 mm in control treatment (not applicable super-absorbent) while saving about 8650 m3 per hectare by using this treatment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
46 - Responses of Seed Yield and Morphophysiological Traits of Mungbean (Vigna radiate L.) cv. Gohar to GDD and Plant Density in Ilam Region
Abas Soleymani Fard Rahim NaseriTo study the effect of GDD and plant spacing on some agronomic, morpho-physiologic traits and qualitative traits of mungbean (Vigna radiate L.), cv. Gohar, a field experiment was conducted by using a factorial experiment based on a randomized complete block design with MoreTo study the effect of GDD and plant spacing on some agronomic, morpho-physiologic traits and qualitative traits of mungbean (Vigna radiate L.), cv. Gohar, a field experiment was conducted by using a factorial experiment based on a randomized complete block design with three replications in summer of 2016 in Ilam region. The first factor, planting date, consisted of three GDD of 1910 GDD, 1740 GDD and 1485 GDD (planting dates of 10 and 25 July and 5 July) and the second factor plant spacings on the row consisting of four levels (5, 10, 15 and 20 cm) with 50 cm between rows (40, 20, 13.3 and 10 plants.m-2,respectively). The results showed that leaf chlorophyll content, leaf area, relative water content, pods.plant-1, pods.m-2, grain yield, biological yield and harvest index were affected by planting date× plant distances on the row. The highest chlorophyll content (1.85 mg/g fresh weight), pods.plant-1 (44 pods), pods.m-2 (507 pods), grain yield (3149 kg.ha-1) and harvest index (50.2%) were obtained at 1740 GDD and 15 cm plant distances on the row. According to the results of this experiment, the highest grain yield and yield components belonged to the planting date of 1740 GDD (planting dates of 25 July) with 15 cm plant distances on the row (13.3 plants.m-2) in Ilam region. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
47 - Effects of Mycorrhizal Symbiosis along with Vermicompost and Tea Compost on Quantity and Quality Yield of Mentha aquatic L.
Mostafa Koozehgar Kaleji Mohammad Reza Ardakani Naser Khodabandeh Mojtaba Alavi FazelTo evaluate the effect of organic fertilizers and mycorrhizal symbiosis on yield components and percentage of essence of Mentha aquatica, a factorial experiment based on a randomized complete block design with 8 treatments and 4 replications was conducted in Sari, in 20 MoreTo evaluate the effect of organic fertilizers and mycorrhizal symbiosis on yield components and percentage of essence of Mentha aquatica, a factorial experiment based on a randomized complete block design with 8 treatments and 4 replications was conducted in Sari, in 2014. The experimental treatments were mycorrhizal fuangi (Glomus mosseae) with two levels (0 and 10% per pot), vermi-compost with two levels (0 and 10% per pot) and compost of tea with two levels (0 and 1.5 liter per pot). The results showed that use of organic fertilizer and mycorrhizal symbiosis significantly improved the quantity and quality characters Mentha aquatica. Use of organic and biological fertilizers had a significant effect on most of the measured traits and increased all of the traits as compared to those of control. Thus, highest plant height, leaf number, seed number per plant, plant dry weight, root length, root diameter, leaf area index, essence present and essence yield were obtained by using mycorrhizal symbiosis and compost tea, vermin-compost as compared to those of control treatment. Generally, the use of organic and biofertilizers, produced optimum quality and quantity of Mentha aquatica. In fact, increased performance of organic and biological fertilizers improved the activity of plant growth regulators and reduced elemental leaching and thus resulted in higher absorption of nutrients, increased plant growth, seed yield and essential oil content of Mentha aquatica. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
48 - Agro-Physiological Responses of Different Peal Millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) Cultivars to Water Deficit in Kerman Climatic Conditions
Seyed Nabiladin Fatemi Ali Akbar Maghsoodi Mood Ghasem Mohammadi NejadCultivar selection is one of the most important factors to obtain maximum yield, based on the climatic conditions of each region. Drought is one of the environmental stresses that causes adverse effects on most stages of plant growth, structure and its activities. To in MoreCultivar selection is one of the most important factors to obtain maximum yield, based on the climatic conditions of each region. Drought is one of the environmental stresses that causes adverse effects on most stages of plant growth, structure and its activities. To investigate the agro-physiological responses of different pearl millet cultivars (Hybrid 1, Hybrid 2, IP13150, IP13151, IP22269, ICMV5222, HHVBCTA) to two levels of irrigation (100% and 60% of field capacity) an split plot experiment based on randomized complete block design was done in Kerman climatic conditions. The results showed that the simple effect of irrigation treatment and also simple effect of cultivar as well as the interaction of irrigation×cultivar were significant for all traits, except for relative water content and chlorophyll index. Decreasing the value of irrigation water from 100% to 60% of field capacity, caused significantly reduction of chlorophyll index (20.87%) and relative humidity content (29.06%). Drought stress increased proline content in all cultivars and the highest one was obtained from HHVBCTA under this condition. The results showed that the highest values of plant height, leaf area index, fresh and dry forage yield under normal irrigation and also drought stress conditions were obtained from Hybrid 1 and IP13151 cultivars, respectively. According to the comparison results of interaction, the lowest and highest percentage reduction of fresh forage of the due to drought stress were related to IP13151 (13.16%) and Hybrid 2 (61.58%), respectively. Generally, according to the obtained results, Hybrid 1 and IP13151 cultivars are suitable for planting in Kerman climatic region under normal and stress conditions, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
49 - The Analysis of Topping Results of Faba Bean Varieties (Vicia faba L.) by Using Logistic Nonlinear Regression Model
Arefeh Alipour Ghasem Abad sofla Ali Rahemi Karizaki Ali Nakhzari-moghaddam Abbas BiabaniGrowth analysis is a valuable method to quantify crop growth, development and production. Because, parameters of nonlinear regression models have significant physiological meanings, it was decided to study the effect of topping and variety on crop growth indices by usin MoreGrowth analysis is a valuable method to quantify crop growth, development and production. Because, parameters of nonlinear regression models have significant physiological meanings, it was decided to study the effect of topping and variety on crop growth indices by using a logistic nonlinear regression model in a factorial experiment, based on randomized complete block design with 3 replications, at the Research Farm of Gonbad University during 2014-2015. The first factor consisted of five faba bean verities (Zohreh, Shami, Sheshband, Sarazeri and Barkat) and the second factor of two levels, topping and control. Results showed that using this molel described well the variation pattern of dry matter accumulation and LAI by time. It was also revealel that the difference between verities for the time to reach maximum leaf area index and the time required to reach 50 percent of maximum dry matter were not significant. The effect of variety on leaf area index was significant at the 5% level. The maximum and minimum leaf area index, total dry matter and crop growth rate of Barkat, Zohre and the Saraziri were higher than Shami and Sheshband varieties, and thus this was resulted in higher yield. Leaf area index in all varieties was the critical leaf area index. The average critical leaf area index in varieties was 1.37. The maximum and minimum relative growth rate at the beginning of the growing season belonged to the Saraziri and Barkat with 0.066 and 0.055 g/g.day, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
50 - Response of Physiological and Biochemical Parameters of Maize (Zea mays L.) to the Application of Zinc and Iron at Irrigation Cutoff Conditions
Mojtaba Afshari Ahmad Naderi Mani Mojadam Shahram Lak Mojtaba AlavifazelThis experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of micronutrients on physiological, biochemical and functional characteristics of the of SC704 hybrid maize at water deficit condition during two cropping years of 2016-2017 and 2017-2018 at Experimental Farm in north MoreThis experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of micronutrients on physiological, biochemical and functional characteristics of the of SC704 hybrid maize at water deficit condition during two cropping years of 2016-2017 and 2017-2018 at Experimental Farm in northwest of Ahvaz. The experiment was conducted as split-split plots based on a randomized complete block design with three replications. Main plots consisted of water deficit stresses at three levels, complete irrigation, cutoff irrigation both at the vegetative growth stage (12-14 leaf) and early seed growth stage, sub-plots were zinc sulfate foliar application at three concentrations (0, 5 and 10 g.L-1) and sub sub-plots foliar solution of iron sulfate at three concentrations (0, 3 and 6 g.L-1). The results of this study showed that increasing ZnSO4 concentration from zero to ten per thousand at constant levels of FeSO4 application (6 per thousand concentrations) resulted in increase in leaf area index under water deficit condition at the vegetative growth stage and beginning of seed growth stage. The lowest current photosynthesis was obtained in the absence of foliar application of zinc and iron. The lowest content of intercellular carbon dioxide was obtained at the beginning of seed growth stage when irrigation was stopped. The use of zinc and iron sulfate increased the values of this trait and removed the photosynthetic limitations. The highest yield of ear was obtained in complete irrigation with 6 per thousand concentration FeSO4 spray (9135.66 kg.ha-1), which increased by 25.1% compared to non-spray at this irrigation level. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
51 - Effect of Salicylic Acid on Morpho-agronomical Traits of Guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.) under Drought Stress
Faramarz Chamani Enayatollah Tohidinejad Mehdi MohayejiGuar is a tropical, salt and drought tolerant plant. To assess the effect of salicylic acid on its morphological and agronomical traits under different irrigation intervals, a split plot experiment based on randomized complete block design with four replicates was perfo MoreGuar is a tropical, salt and drought tolerant plant. To assess the effect of salicylic acid on its morphological and agronomical traits under different irrigation intervals, a split plot experiment based on randomized complete block design with four replicates was performed in Galeh-Gang region in Kerman province, Iran. Three different irrigations with 6, 9 and 12 day intervals, assigned to main plots and four salicylic acid concentrations (0, 0.5, 1 and 2 mM) to sub plots. Salicylic acid spraying was done three times at five leaf, flowering and podding stages. The results indicated that most of the morphologic and agronomic characters of guar were influenced under different irrigation intervals. Leaf area index, number of pods per plants and number of seeds per pod were decreased when drought stress occured. Spraying plants with salicylic acid increased almost all characters under study. While, the highest number of pods per plant, seeds per pod were obtained at 2 mM and leaf area index at 1 mM salicylic acid treatments. Irrigation interval by salicylic acid interaction was significant for specific leaf area, 1000 seed weight, seed protein content and seed yield. The highest seed yield (1245.25 kg.ha-1) was belonged to the irrigation of 6 day interval and 1 mM acid salicylic treatment. As a whole it can be concluded that use of 1 mM salicylic acid treatment might increase drought tolerance of guar and prevent yield reduction during drought stress. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
52 - Investigating the Effect of Date and Planting Method (Transplanting and Direct-Seeding) on Quantitative and Qualitative Traits of Sugar Beet (Beta vulgaris L.)
Shahrokh Pahlavianian Miandoab Mohammad Reza Dadashi Touraj Mir Mahmoudi Asiyeh Shahrooghbi Hossein Adjam NorouziThe effects of transplanting and direct-seeding on agronomic traits and white sugar yield of sugar beet were studied in a split-plot experiment based on randomize complete blocks with three replications two regions of Miandoab and Bokan in 2016. Treatments we MoreThe effects of transplanting and direct-seeding on agronomic traits and white sugar yield of sugar beet were studied in a split-plot experiment based on randomize complete blocks with three replications two regions of Miandoab and Bokan in 2016. Treatments were three planting date (25 March, 8 and 18 April) and two planting systems (transplanting and direct-seeding .(Planting systems were assigned in the main plot and planting date in the subplots. The difference between direct and transplanting systems in terms of leaf area index, sugar extraction coefficient, root yield, white sugar yield and molasses sugar percentage were significant at 1% and sugar content and sugar yield at the 5% probability levels. The effect of sowing time on leaf area index, dry matter yield, sugar extraction coefficient, root yield, white sugar yield and sugar content of molasses were significant at 1%, and sugar content and sugar yield at 5% probability levels. The interaction effect of sowing time and planting system was significant on leaf area index, dry matter yield, sugar extraction coefficient, and root yield, white sugar yield at 1% and on sugar content at 5% probability levels. The transplanting system reduced the amount of molasses sugar by 32.41% compared to the direct planting system and the lowest percentages of molasses sugar were attributed to 25th of March planting date. In the present study the highest leaf area index, dry matter yield, and sugar content, sugar extraction coefficient, root yield, and white sugar yield were allocated to the 25th of March planting date and transplanting system. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
53 - Evaluation of Yield and Yield Components of Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd) in as affected by Different Planting Densities
Mohammad-Reza Vahedi Enayatolah Tohidi Nejad Amin Pasandi PourTo investigate the effect of different planting densities on yield and yield components of quinoa (Titicaca cultivar), a factorial experiment based on complete randomized block design was studied at the Research Farm of the Agricultural and Natural Resources Research an MoreTo investigate the effect of different planting densities on yield and yield components of quinoa (Titicaca cultivar), a factorial experiment based on complete randomized block design was studied at the Research Farm of the Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Training Center of Kerman province in 2018-2019. Two inter-row space (30 and 50 cm) considered as the first factor and four intra-row space including 5, 10, 15 and 20 cm as the second factor. Increasing the intra-row and inter-row spacing resulted in significant reduction in CGR. Thus, the lowest value of this index, at both intra-row spacing attributed to 20 cm the inter-row spacing. The lowest grain yield (225.76 g.m-2) was related to the treatment of 50 cm inter-row and 20 cm intra-row spacings, Reduction intra-row spacing up to 10 cm resulted in a significant increase in seed yield. However, at in the inter-row spacing of 30 cm, there was no significant difference between the intra-row spacings in seed yield. The highest seed yield value was obtained from the intra- row spacing of 20 cm, with an average of 386.36 g.m-2. In general, the inter-row spacing of 30 cm and intra-row spacing of 15 and 20 cm resulted in highest seed yield and 1000 seed weight of quinoa in this research. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
54 - Variation Trend of Leaf Area Index, Yield and Yield Components of Green Beans (Phaseolous vulgaris L.) by Using Zinc Sulfate and Nitrogen
Sh. Lack M. Kermanshahi H. NoryaniProper nutrition of plant is one of the most important factors to improve both quality and quantiy of crop yields. Accordingly, the effect of different levels of zinc and nitrogen on leaf area index, yield and yield components of green beans investigated in the summer o MoreProper nutrition of plant is one of the most important factors to improve both quality and quantiy of crop yields. Accordingly, the effect of different levels of zinc and nitrogen on leaf area index, yield and yield components of green beans investigated in the summer of 2012. The experiment used was a split plot in randomized complete block design with three replications in the Dezful. In this study, the main plots consisted of four nitrogen rates of urea (0, 30, 60 and 90 kgha-1), and sub plots of four levels of zinc sulfate (0, 10, 20 and 30 kg.ha-1). The results showed that application of 90 N kg.ha-1 increased leaf area index, plant dry matter, grain yield, biological yield, harvest index and protein content. Use of zinc sulfate at the rate of 20 kg.ha-1 was superior in grain yield and yield components. The highest leaf area index, grain and biological yields harvest index and protein content were achieved by application of 90 kg nitrogen and 20 kg of zinc sulfate per hectare. It seems that the use of zinc with appropriate rates, through its involvement in physiological processes and nitrogen metabolism in plants as an essential element, accelerates green beans growth processes and increases green bean yield. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
55 - Effect of Light Radiation Absorption and Its Use Efficiency in Intercropping of Soybean and Millet Under Water Deficit Stress
Somayeh Hajinia Goudarz AhmadvandTo study the effect of water deficit stress on leaf area, radiation use efficiency and dry matter production of soybean and millet in intercropping, a split plot experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications was carried out, in 2015 at the MoreTo study the effect of water deficit stress on leaf area, radiation use efficiency and dry matter production of soybean and millet in intercropping, a split plot experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications was carried out, in 2015 at the Research Station of Agricultural Faculty of Bu-Ali Sina University. The main factor consisted of three levels of water deficit stresses (irrigation after 60, 90 and 120 mm evaporation from pan) and sub factor of five replacement intercropping treatments sol cropping of soybean (100S), sol cropping of millet (100M), 67 % S+ 33 % M (67S:33M), 50 % S+ 50 % M (50S:50M) and 33 % S+ 67 % M (33S:67M). The results showed that the highest leaf area index of soybean and millet in sol cropping were 5.68 and 3.23 respectively. Severe water deficit stress significantly decreased leaf area index of soybean and millet by about 30.03 and 30.33 percent, respectively, as compared to well-watered condition. The highest dry matter (613 and 540 g.m-2) belonged to sol cropping of soybean and millet, respectively. Severe water deficit stress reduced dry matter of soybean and millet by 39.87 and 31.556 percent respectively as compared to the control. Radiation use efficiency of millet in (33S:67M), (50S:50M) and (67S:33M) intercropping ratios were 24.85, 29.86 and 26.76 percent more than sol cropping of millet, respectively. Radiation use efficiency of soybean reduced in the intercropping. Mean radiation use efficiency of soybean in growing season ranged from 0.97 g.mj-1 in the (33S:67M) ratio to 1.77 g.mj-1 in the sol cropping of soybean. The results showed a negative effect of water deficit stress on radiation use efficiency of both millet and soybean. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
56 - Yield Comparison of Sesame Cultivars and Their Physiological Growth Indices Under Chemical and Biological Potassium Fertilizer Applications
Hamid Madani Behzad Sani Hamid GolipourTo compare the yield and physiological growth indices of three Iranian sesame cultivars under the application of chemical and biological potassium fertilizers a pot experiment was conducted in the summer of 2015 in greenhouse. This study was performed as factorial arran MoreTo compare the yield and physiological growth indices of three Iranian sesame cultivars under the application of chemical and biological potassium fertilizers a pot experiment was conducted in the summer of 2015 in greenhouse. This study was performed as factorial arrangement based on a randomized complete block design with three replications. The potassium fertilizer application, based on soil test, was in four levels (K1:K2SO4 50%, K2: Bacillus circulans L., K3: Bacillus megatherium L. and K4: KSB1+KSB2 and three sesame cultivars used were Ultan, Yekta and Dashtestan 2. The plant samples were taken from 30 to 105 days after sowing with 15 days intervals. LAI, TDM, CGR, NAR and RGR were measured during the different growth stages. The results showed that the Yekta cultivar produced the highest seed yield (18.62 g.plant-1). Ultan produced highest growth rate as compared to the other cultivars. Furthermore, it responded differently to the application of biologic KSB1 fertilizer as compared to the other treatments and cultivars. KSB1 improved and accelerated plant growth rate at 90 days after sowing. While, the use of chemical potassium sulfate, KSB2 and combined application of Bacillus circulans L. with KSB1 and 2 improved growth 105 days after sowing. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
57 - Evaluating the effects of water stress and urban waste compost on morpho-physiological indices and yield components of lentil (Lens culinaris Medik)
Raheleh Ahmadpour Saeed Reza Hossain ZadeCompost fertilizer because of containing abundant nutrients, high capacity for holding water, plant growth regulators and helpful microorganisms can improve soil physicochemical characteristics and play an effective role in plant growth and development. In order to eval MoreCompost fertilizer because of containing abundant nutrients, high capacity for holding water, plant growth regulators and helpful microorganisms can improve soil physicochemical characteristics and play an effective role in plant growth and development. In order to evaluate the effects of compost fertilizer on morpho-physiological indices of lentil under water deficit stress, a factorial experiment was conducted in a natural environment and with three replications based on a completely randomized design in the Khatam Alanbia University of Behbahan. The experiment treatments consisted of five ratios of compost fertilizer and soil (0:100, 5:95, 15:85, 25:75, and 35:65) and three levels of water stress inclding no stress, moderate stress, and severe stress (irrigation at 25, 50, and %75 of field capacity, respectively). Results showed that there were significant differences in all traits under different compost fertilizer and water stress levels. The findings also showed that under no stress and moderate water stress conditions, application of a mixture of compost and soil at %25 and %35 weight, resulted in a significant increase in the plant height, leaf area, leaf number, root dry weight, root length, root area, and Chlorophyll a and a/b ratio compared to the control levels. Under severe water stress, application of compost at 35% level led to a significant increase in the number of leaves, leaf area, root length, and Chlorophyll a content. Therefore, the use of a mixture of compost and soil (especially 35:65 ratio) is recommended to improve the morpho-physiological characteristics and yield componentsof lentil under moderate (or severe) water stress conditions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
58 - The effect of foliar spray of brown seaweed water extract and different levels of nitrogen on some physiological, biochemical, parameters and yield of wheat
Azin Ghfarizadeh Sid Mansour Seyyed Nejad Abdolali Abdolali GilaniThis study was designed in order to investigate the effect of foliar spraying of brown seaweed water extract (Nizamuddinia zanardinii) at different levels of nitrogen on some physiological, biochemical, parameters and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum cv. Chamran 2). Th MoreThis study was designed in order to investigate the effect of foliar spraying of brown seaweed water extract (Nizamuddinia zanardinii) at different levels of nitrogen on some physiological, biochemical, parameters and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum cv. Chamran 2). The experiment was based on a factorial study with completely randomized design and three replications at five levels (0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 percent) of brown seaweed water extract and three levels of nitrogen (0, 34.5 and 69 kg.hec-1). Leaf area, photosynthetic pigments, soluble carbohydrates, protein, and proline content at seedling stage and plant height, spike length, and total harvest index of plant at complete mature stage were measured. The results showed that application of brown seaweed extract led to a significant increase in the studied growth parameters in comparison with the control. Application of brown seaweed extract at concentration of 10% along with 34.5 kg.hec-1 nitrogen resulted in the highest leaf area, photosynthetic pigment content, carbohydrates, protein, plant height, spike length, and total harvest index. The maximum amount of proline was observed at concentration 20% of brown seaweed extract. According to the results, using brown seaweed extract at 10% concentration along with 34.5 kg.hec-1 nitrogen led to the maximum quality and yield of wheat. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
59 - The effect of mycorrhiza fungi on the morphological characteristics, phenolic compounds. and chlorophyll fluorescence of Borage (Borago officinails L.) under draught stress
علی Rahimi Sh Jahanbin امین Salehi هوشنگ FarajiDrought is one of the factors that affect medicinal plants. On the other hand, the role of mycorrhiza fungi was effective in improving the performance of some medicinal plants exposed to draught stress. For this purpose, an experiment was conducted as split-plot in a ra MoreDrought is one of the factors that affect medicinal plants. On the other hand, the role of mycorrhiza fungi was effective in improving the performance of some medicinal plants exposed to draught stress. For this purpose, an experiment was conducted as split-plot in a randomized complete block design with 3 replications in the Boyerahmad region during 2015 - 2016. The experiment factors consisted of irrigation levels (main plot) as irrigation after S1 =30, S2 =60, S3 =90, S4 =120 and S5 =150 mm water evaporation from evaporation pan class A and mycorrhiza fungi (sub plot) consisted of non-inoculation (NG), inoculation with mycorrhiza fungi species of Glomus mosseae (GM) and Glomus intraradices (GI). Results showed that the effect of year on the studied traits of Borage was not significant. The effect of drought stress on leaf area index of Borage was significant and in the irrigation after 30 and 60 mm evaporation the highest LAI was obtained. The application of mycorrhiza fungi Glomus mosseae and Glomus intraradices increased the amount of phenols of Borageby %13 and% 9, respectively as compared with the plants not inoculated with mycorrhiza fungi. Increase in the drought from 30 mm to 150 mm decreased evaporation, height, number of tributaries and chlorophyll fluorescence, but the application of mycorrhiza could increase the studied characteristics of Borage under drought stress conditions and decrease the negative effects of stress. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
60 - Effects of vermicomposting and compost tea on nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium yield and uptake of Mentha aquatic L. inoculated with mycorrhizal fungi Glomus moseae
Mostafa Koozehgar kaleji Mohammad Reza ArdakaniIn order to evaluate the effect of compost tea, vermicomposting (as organic fertilizers), and mycorrhizal symbiosis on Mentha aquatica yield and its components, a factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with four replications in 2015 in Sari MoreIn order to evaluate the effect of compost tea, vermicomposting (as organic fertilizers), and mycorrhizal symbiosis on Mentha aquatica yield and its components, a factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with four replications in 2015 in Sari. The factors examined included mycorrhizal Glomus moseae (0 and 10% of the pot volume), vermicomposting (0 and 10% of the pot volume), and compost tea (at 0 and 1.5 liter). Some characteristics such as growth indices, amount of nitrogen, phosphorous, and potassium in shoots were examined. The results of the study showed that organic fertilizers and mycorrhizal fungi had a significant impact on all measured characteristics and increased dry and fresh weight and flower diameter characteristics when compared with those of the control group so that the highest leaf area, flower diameter, and nitrogen and phosphorus contents were obtained from the mycorrhizal fungi + compost tea + vermicomposting treatment. The triple interaction effects showed that the absence of compost tea, vermicomposting and mycorrhizae symbiosis treatments increased the leaf area compared to the control. The results indicated that using vermicomposting, compost tea, and mycorrhizal symbiosis through the availability of nutrients increases the yield and improves the quantity and quality of Mentha aquatica harvest. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
61 - Effect of various biological, chemical, and integrated fertilization systems on growth, yield, and yield components of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)
sima abyar barat ali fakheri hosein gorgini nafiseh mahdi nezhad Maryam Harati RadIn order to investigate the effects of biological, chemical, and integrated fertilizers on growth, yield, and yield components of sunflowers, an experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications at the Agricultural Research Station o MoreIn order to investigate the effects of biological, chemical, and integrated fertilizers on growth, yield, and yield components of sunflowers, an experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications at the Agricultural Research Station of Zabol University in the growing season 2014-15. The experiment consisted of 13 treatments including NPK, biophosphorus, biophosphorus + 25% NPK, biophosphorus + 50% NPK, biophosphorus + 100% NPK, nitroxin, nitroxin + 25% NPK, nitroxin + 50% NPK, nitroxin + 100% NPK, biophosphorus + nitroxin, biophosphorus + nitroxin + 25% NPK, biophosphorus + nitroxin + 50%NPK and biophosphorus + nitroxin + 100%NPK. The results showed that the effect of different treatments of chemical, biological, and integrated fertilizers were significant on most of the studied traits except the number of leaves, flowering date, and the number of florets per head. The highest mean in most of the studied traits belonged to the nitroxin + biophosphorus + 100% NPK treatment which was not significantly different from the nitroxin + biophosphorus + 50% NPK integrated treatment. The results of this study showed that combined application of nitroxin + biophosphorus + 50% NPK in comparison with the integrated treatment of nitroxin + biophosphorus + 100% NPK in addition to reducing 50% of chemical fertilizers application can also produce optimal yield. According to the obtained results, the application of 50% of the recommended amount of chemical fertilizers in combination with the nitroxin and biophosphorus biofertilizers can be recommended for obtaining the maximum quality and quantity yield of sunflower. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
62 - Effect of flavobacterium, vermicompost, and humic acid on current photosynthesis, dry matter translocation, and grain yield of Triticosecale Wittma L. under salinity stress conditions
sara mohammadi kalesar lou Raouf Seyed sharifi Hamed Narimani Zhila NazariA factorial experiment was conducted on Triticosecale Wittma L. based on a randomized complete block design with three replications in Research Greenhouse of the Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabil during 2020. Experimental fact MoreA factorial experiment was conducted on Triticosecale Wittma L. based on a randomized complete block design with three replications in Research Greenhouse of the Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabil during 2020. Experimental factors included salinity levels (non-application of salinity as control and soil salinity of 50 and 100 mM NaCl), and bio-fertilizers (no application of bio-fertilizers as control, application of vermicompost, flavobacterium, vermicompost + flavobacterium + humic acid (foliar application with water as control and foliar application of 2 g.L-1 humic acid). Results showed that the highest leaf area index, root weight and volume, and leaf protein content were recorded in combined applications of vermicompost + flavobacterium + foliar application of humic acid under non-salinity conditions. Also, combined application of vermicompost + flavobacterium + foliar humic acid under non-salinity conditions decreased dry matter translocation from stem, shoot, and its contribution to grain yield by 31.97, 40.8, and 138.84% respectively while increasing grain yield, current photosynthesis, and contribution of current photosynthesis in grain yield by 69.56, 151.44, and 48.3%, respectively compared to no application of bio-fertilizers and humic acid under 100 mM soil salinity. Based on the results, it seems that the application of bio-fertilizers and humic acid can increase current photosynthesis and its contribution in grain yield of triticale by improving leaf area index, root weight, and volume. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
63 - Morpho-physiological and biochemical responses of suger beet cultivars (Beta Vulgaris L.) topretreatment and salinity
Ali Shokouhian Heshmat Omidi Amin Bostani Amirmohammad NajiA plant’s response to osmotic stress is a complex phenomenon that causes many abnormal symptoms due to limitations in growth and development or even the loss of yield. The present study was designed to investigate the morpho-physiological responses of different su MoreA plant’s response to osmotic stress is a complex phenomenon that causes many abnormal symptoms due to limitations in growth and development or even the loss of yield. The present study was designed to investigate the morpho-physiological responses of different sugar beet cultivars (‘Shokofa’, ‘Sina’, ‘Paya’, ‘Turbata’, and ‘Aria’) to priming (non-priming, osmopriming, and hydro-priming) and salinity of irrigation water (>2, 8, and 16 dS/m). The experiment was conducted as a factorial split plot experimental based on a randomized complete blocks design (RCBD) implemented in three replications in a research farm in Saveh city, Iran, during 2019-2020. Results showed that non-priming of ‘Shokofa’ genotype, hydro-priming of ‘Aria’ genotype, and osmo-priming of ‘Paya’ genotype under non-salinity conditions had the highest total chlorophyll content (31.04, 32.80, and 28.50 µg/g FW, respectively). The highest proline content was related to the hydro-and osmo-priming of seeds under high salinity stress (1.91 and 1.23 μmol/g FW, respectively). Hydro-priming of ‘Shokofa’ seed showed the highest LAI under the high salt stress level. The highest root yield (62.9 tons/ha) was observed in the hydro-priming of ‘Aria’ genotype under without salt stress conditions. In addition, all sugar beet cultivars under non-stress and hydro-priming conditions had the highest root yield. Among the cultivars, ‘Sina’, ‘Torbata’, and ‘Aria’ and hydro-priming technique are recommended for planting in areas under soil or irrigation water salinity stress Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
64 - Effects of mycorrhiza on quantitative and qualitative traits of Aloe vera.
Mojtaba Yousefi Rad -
Open Access Article
65 - Storage duration and temperature of hydroprimed seeds affects some growth indices and yield of wheat.
Zeinab Farajollahi Hamid Reza Eisvand -
Open Access Article
66 - اثر سایکوسل و سایز گلدان بر رشد رویشی و گل دهی آهار (Zinnia elegans)
صدف طاهرپذیر داوود هاشم آبادی گل آهار به علت داشتن تنوع رنگ و طول دوره گلدهی، از گیاهان زینتی بسیار زیبا و جذاب میباشد. به منظور بررسی اثر سایکوسل و سایز گلدانبر رشد رویشی و گلدهی آهار، آزمایش در قالب فاکتوریل بر پایه طرح کاملا تصادفی با دو فاکتور سایکوسل در 3 سطح More گل آهار به علت داشتن تنوع رنگ و طول دوره گلدهی، از گیاهان زینتی بسیار زیبا و جذاب میباشد. به منظور بررسی اثر سایکوسل و سایز گلدانبر رشد رویشی و گلدهی آهار، آزمایش در قالب فاکتوریل بر پایه طرح کاملا تصادفی با دو فاکتور سایکوسل در 3 سطح (0، 1000و2000 میلیگرم در لیتر) و سایز گلدان در 4 سطح (10، 12، 14 و 16 سانتیمتر) با 12 تیمار و3 تکرار انجام شد. نتایج اثر متقابل نشان داد سایکوسل و سایز گلدان تاثیر معنی داری بر تمام صفات مورد بررسی داشته است و تیمار سایکوسل 2000 میلیگرم در لیتر درگلدان 12سانتیمتر کمترین ارتفاع بوته و گلدانهای سایز 16 سانتیمتر با سایکوسل 1000 میلیگرم در لیتر و بدون استفاده از سایکوسل بیشترین ارتفاع بوته را داشتند. بیشترین دوره گلدهی در گلدان سایز 14 سانتیمتر با 1000 میلیگرم در لیتر سایکوسل بود که تفاوت محسوسی با گیاهان مربوط به گلدان سایز 16 سانتیمتر در هر سه غلظت سایکوسل نداشت. کمترین دوره گلدهی آهار در گلدان سایز 10 سانتیمتر در هر سه غلظت سایکوسل بهدست آمد. آهار کاشته شده در گلدان سایز 10 سانتیمتر بدون سایکوسل دارای کمترین وزن تر و گلدان سایز 14 سانتیمتر بدون سایکوسل دارای بیشترین وزن تر ریشه بودند. به طور کلی گلدانهای سایز 14 و 16 در ترکیب با سایکوسل 1000 میلیگرم در لیتر، برترین تیمارها بودند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
67 - Effect of different mycorrhizal fungi and phosphorus fertilizer on growth traits and grain yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Hossien Hamidi1,2 Seyed Keyvan Marashi2*In order to investigate the effects of different mycorrhizal fungi and phosphorus fertilizer on growth traits and grain yield of wheat, an experiment was conducted in factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with three replications. The first factor includ MoreIn order to investigate the effects of different mycorrhizal fungi and phosphorus fertilizer on growth traits and grain yield of wheat, an experiment was conducted in factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with three replications. The first factor included mycorrhizal fungi application as non-use of fungi (control), Glomus intraradices, Glomus mossea and Glomus fasciculatum and the second factor included various levels of phosphorus fertilization included non-application of fertilizer (control), 40, 80 and 120 kg ha-1. The results showed that the effect of fungi, phosphorus fertilizer and interaction between the application of fungi and phosphorus fertilizer on leaf area index, dry matter, root dry matter and grain yield were significant. In all treatments of mycorrhizal fungi with increasing of phosphorous fertilizer level, leaf area index, total dry matter, root dry matter and grain yield increased. Maximum values in all studied traits were observed under the application of Glomus intraradices and Glomus mossea. Glomus mossea and Glomus intraradices at 80 kg ha-1 fertilizer level was the best condition for all traits. But in Glomus fasciculatum, the maximum of traits was obtained at 120 kg ha-1 fertilizer. In general, using Glomus mossea and Glomus intraradices can reduce the use of phosphate fertilizers, which could be a new approach to achieve sustainable agriculture. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
68 - Morphophysiological Response of Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) to Foliar Application of Iron Nano Chelate and Zinc Nano Chelate
Hamidreza Javanmard sadaf farahani Hossein Ali Asadi-GharnehThe present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of foliar application of iron and zinc nanochlate treatments including control (foliar application with distilled water), concentrations of iron and zinc nanocholate (0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2 g/l) on morphological characte MoreThe present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of foliar application of iron and zinc nanochlate treatments including control (foliar application with distilled water), concentrations of iron and zinc nanocholate (0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2 g/l) on morphological characteristics of coriander in 2019-2020 performed in a randomized complete block design with 9 treatments and 3 replications in experimental plots. The results showed that the highest amount of chlorophyll a, total and carotenoids was obtained in the treatment of 2 g/l iron nanoclate and the highest amount of chlorophyll b was obtained in the treatments of 2 g/l iron and zinc nanoclate. The highest leaf area was obtained in the treatment of 2 g/l iron nanoclate with an amount of 3230 cm2. The highest number of umbel was obtained in the treatment of 2 g/l iron nanoclate with 25.33. The highest plant height was obtained in the treatment of 2 g/l zinc nanoclate with a rate of 102.33 cm. The highest 1000-seed weight , highest number of seeds per umbel and the highest number of sub-branches of the plant(with the amount of 11.33) was obtained in the treatments of 2 g/l zinc and iron nanoclate. In general, the results of this study confirm that foliar application of iron and zinc nanoclate treatments had an effect on the growth properties of coriander, so according to the results and considering the positive effect of the studied treatments, it can be Suggested application of iron and zinc nanoclates in coriander nutritional programs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
69 - Effect of silicon application on morphological and physiological characteristics of sunflower (Helianthus.annuus L.) under different moisture levels
zohreh nabipour Gholamreza Zamani Available water is the main factor limiting crop growth and production in arid areas. In this regard, in order to investigate the effect of silicon application on morphological, physiological and yield characteristics of sunflower under different mois More Available water is the main factor limiting crop growth and production in arid areas. In this regard, in order to investigate the effect of silicon application on morphological, physiological and yield characteristics of sunflower under different moisture levels, an experiment was conducted in the crop year 2018-2019 in Gonabad, Iran. This study was conducted as a split plot in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The main factor of irrigation with different moisture levels based on water requirement includes four levels (100% water requirement, 80% water requirement, 60% water requirement and 40% water requirement) and the secondary factor of silicon consumption time. There were four levels (no application (control), application in vegetative stage, application in reproductive stage, application in vegetative stage and reproductive stage). The results showed that reducing the moisture level from 100% to 40% of water requirement reduced the quantitative traits studied; So that the lowest seed yield (1730.8 kg / ha) and oil yield (583.41 kg / ha) were obtained in the treatment of moisture level of 40% of water requirement. Also, the application of silicon under low moisture levels based on water requirement improved the effects of reducing moisture levels in all evaluated traits and seed yield. The highest seed yield (7572.96 kg / ha) was obtained in the treatment of 80% water requirement and application of silicon in the vegetative and reproductive stages and the lowest value (1193.54 kg / ha) was obtained in the treatment of 40% water requirement and without the use of silicon. Also, the application of silicon in the vegetative and reproductive stages compared to the non-application treatment (control) increased 2.5, 1.5 and 2.5 times the oil yield at different levels of moisture, including 80, 60 and 40% of water requirement. In general, the results showed that the use of silicon in the vegetative and reproductive stages at a moisture level of 80% of the water requirement compensated for the adverse effects of reducing the moisture level in the studied traits. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
70 - Changes the vegetative characteristics and grain yield of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) cultivars in the presence of fenugreek as living mulch
Bita Abbasi Gholamreza Mohammadi Alireza Bagheri This study was done to investigate the response of vegetative traits of sunflower cultivars in the presence of fenugreek as living mulch at Razi University in 2017. The experiment was conducted as split-plot based on randomized complete block. First factor More This study was done to investigate the response of vegetative traits of sunflower cultivars in the presence of fenugreek as living mulch at Razi University in 2017. The experiment was conducted as split-plot based on randomized complete block. First factor was the sowing fenugreek at four levels (control (without living mulch), 15 days before sowing of sunflower, simultaneous sowing with sunflower, 15 days after sowing of sunflower) and the second factor was three sunflower cultivars (Progress, Farrokh, Lakomka). Results showed that with planting of fenugreek before sunflower, height, stem weight, number of leaves, leaf weight, leaf area index, content of chlorophyll a, b and total of chlorophylls were decreased by 26.4%, 62.1%, 24.8%, 68.5%, 63%, 7.4%, 3.7% and 6.8% compared to control, respectively. The lowest relative water content was also obtained by planting fenugreek before sunflower (65.2% and 52.7% at the one third of primary growth season and flowering stages). The effect of presence mulch under the simultaneous and 15 days after sunflower conditions had no significant effect on growth characteristics of sunflower compared to control condition. Among thecultivars, the highest of grain yield was assigned to Lacomka (3426 kg/ha). However, Progress had the highest height (212 cm), stem weight (523 g/plant), leaf number (25.5 per plant), leaf weight (157.4 g/plant), leaf area index (6.2) and relative water content (77.8% and 70.5% at the one third of of primary growth season and flowering stages). The highest of leaf area ratio (0.013 m2/g) and carotenoid content (2.5 mg) belonged to Farrokh. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
71 - Effect of application of sulfur and thiobacillus on improvement of morpho-physiological characteristics of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in Khuzestan lands
Fatemeh Mousavi Seyed Keyvan Marashi Timour Babaei NejadIn order to investigate the effect of acid modifiers in lands with high pH on improving morpho-physiological characteristics of wheat, a factorial experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The factors included, sulfur sulfat MoreIn order to investigate the effect of acid modifiers in lands with high pH on improving morpho-physiological characteristics of wheat, a factorial experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The factors included, sulfur sulfate in three levels (0, 250 and 500 kg ha-1) and thiobacillus in three levels (0, 5 and 10 kg ha-1). The results showed that the effect of sulfur fertilizer and thiobacillus bacteria on total dry weight, leaf area index, crop growth rate, net assimilation rate and plant height were significant at 1% probability level. The interaction between sulfur and thiobacillus fertilizers on total dry weight was significant at 1% probability level and on plant height at 5% probability level and was not significant for other traits. The maximum crop growth rate were obtained by 12.5 and 11.6 g m-2 under 500 kg ha-1 sulfur fertilizer and 10 kg ha-1 thiobacillus, respectively and the minimum by 9.7 and 10.6 were under non-application of sulfur fertilizer and non-application of thiobacillus. The maximum plant height (94.3 cm) was observed under application of 500 and 10 kg ha-1 of sulfur and thiobacillus fertilizer and the minimum by 74.6 was under non-application of sulfur fertilizer and thiobacillus. In general, the results of experiment showed that the application of sulfur fertilizer and thiobacillus bacteria in lands with high pH improved morpho-physiological characteristics of wheat, which could be interest to researchers and farmers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
72 - Study of correlation between some agronomic traits of barley (Hordeum vulgare) in different treatments of phosphorus biological and chemical fertilizers
Mona Yousefipor Shahram Lack* Khoshnaz PayandehApplication of bio-fertilizers in Sustainable Agriculture perform important role at increasing of crop pro-duction and improving soil fertility. In order to investigate combine application of biological and chemical phosphorus fertilizers and micronutrients on morpho-ph MoreApplication of bio-fertilizers in Sustainable Agriculture perform important role at increasing of crop pro-duction and improving soil fertility. In order to investigate combine application of biological and chemical phosphorus fertilizers and micronutrients on morpho-physiologic characteristics of barley, present research was conducted via split plot experiment according randomized complete blocks design with three replications in Ramhormoz during 2016-17. The main treatments consisted of phosphorus fertilizers and bio-fertilizers in four levels (Non use phosphorus fertilizer or control, bio-fertilizer “Barvar2”, bio-fertilizer “Barvar2” with 150 kg.ha-1 superphosphate fertilizer and 200 kg.ha-1 superphosphate fertilizer) and spray micro-nutrient (included micronutrients of zinc, iron and manganese) at three levels (no spray micro-nutrient or control, spray micro-nutrient at 0.002 and 0.004 concentration) belonged to sub plots. Results of analysis of variance indicated effect of combine application of biological and chemical phosphorus fertilizers and micronutrients on measured traits was significant. Mean comparison result of phosphorus fertilizers showed that bio-fertilizer “Barvar2” with 150 kg.ha-1 superphosphate fertilizer had maximum peduncle length (9.46 cm), awn length (11.95 cm), leaf area index (4.5), chlorophyll index (40.26) and days to rippening (185 day) also spray micro-nutrient at 0.004 concentration achieved maximum rate of mentioned traits. According mean comparison results of interactions of treatments the highest seed yield (400.1 g.m-2) and main spike weight (2.89 gr) belonged to bio-fertilizer “Barvar2” with 150 kg.ha-1 superphosphate fertilizer and spray micro-nutrient at 0.004 concentration. Generally to achieved optimum yield use bio-fertilizer “Barvar2” with 150 kg.ha-1 superphosphate fertilizer and foliar application micro-nutrient at 0.004 concentrations for Ramhormoz weather conditions can be advised. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
73 - Effect of humic acid on yield, yield components and physiological parameters of wheat in deficit irrigation conditions
Fatemeh Tourfi Alireza Shokuhfar2*In order to effect of humic acid on yield, yield components and physiological parameters of wheat in deficit irrigation conditions this research was done as split plot in randomized complete blocks design with three replications. main plots consisted: full irrigation, n MoreIn order to effect of humic acid on yield, yield components and physiological parameters of wheat in deficit irrigation conditions this research was done as split plot in randomized complete blocks design with three replications. main plots consisted: full irrigation, no irrigation at the beginning of stem elongation, and no irrigation at the pollination stage and sub plots included different levels of humic acid fertilizer (0, 100, 200 and 300 mg/L). Results showed that interaction of irrigation and humic acid on number of seeds per spike and 1000 grain weight at 1% probability level and number of spikes per unit area and harvest index was significant at 5% probability level. Grain yield under the effect low irrigation and humic acid was significant at 1% probability level. The highest leaf area index and crop growth rate were affected in full irrigation and 300 mg.L-1 humic acid and least of them were obtained in low irrigation stress conditions in different periods and no foliar application of humic acid. The highest grain yield was obtained in full irrigation (5035 kg.ha-1) and foliar application with 300 mg.L-1 humic acid (4462 kg.ha-1). The lowest grain yield was obtained in no irrigation at the pollination stage (2355 kg.ha-1) and no-humic acid (2667 kg.ha-1). As a result, foliar application 300 mg.L-1 of humic acid in different periods of low irrigation stress improved the physiological indices and increased yield components compared to control (no foliar application). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
74 - Assessment of the role of growth reduction factors on some morpho-physiological and yield indicators of rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars in climate condition of Khouzestan
Marzieh Gorgizadeh Shahram Lak Abdolali GilaniIn order to Assessment of the role of growth reduction factors on some morpho-physiological and yield indicators of rice cultivars an experiment in the year 2018 was conducted as split plot in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Experimentation f MoreIn order to Assessment of the role of growth reduction factors on some morpho-physiological and yield indicators of rice cultivars an experiment in the year 2018 was conducted as split plot in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Experimentation factors included various rice varieties: Champa, Chermez-anbori and Hoveizeh in the main plot and reducing growth factors include: control (without cutting), consumption of half a liter of medax top in 45 days after planting, cut 65 days after planting to a height of 35 cm and cut 85 days after planting at a height of 35 cm in the subplot was. the results showed difference between levels of reducing growth factors in terms of stem height, panicle number, number of hollow seed per panicle and seed yield were at 1% probability and 1000-seed weight at 5% level. the difference between cultivars in terms of number of hollow seed per panicle at 1% level and 1000 grain weight at 5% probability level. highest number of hollow seed per panicle was in the control and the lowest in the cut 65 days after planting. the highest grain yield was obtained in the application of medax top with average of 4.7 tons/ha and the lowest grain yield with average of 3.19 tons/ha was obtained by cutting in 85 days after planting. So it can be cut by 65 days after the planting and use of the medax top or using the hoveizeh cultivar to reach the desired results in the region. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
75 - The evaluation of different herbicide on weeds control, growth indices, and forage yield Alfalfa
masoud noroozi mohammad reza dadashi fariba mighani hossien ajam norooziField experiment was conducted to evaluate chemical control of weeds in newly planted alfalfa with emphasis on growth indices in randomize complete-block design (RCBD) with 9 treatments and 4 replications at the research field of Iranian Research Institute of Plant Prot MoreField experiment was conducted to evaluate chemical control of weeds in newly planted alfalfa with emphasis on growth indices in randomize complete-block design (RCBD) with 9 treatments and 4 replications at the research field of Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection located in Meshkindasht, Karaj, during 2014-2016. The treatments consisted of Eradicane 4.1 g ai/ha, Metribuzin 525 g ai/ha, 2,4-DB 1269 g ai/ha, 2,4-DB 1480 g ai/ha, Bentazon 144 g ai/ha, Imazethapyr 50 g ai/ha (with 200 ml Sitogit), Imazethapyr 100 g ai/ha (with 200 ml Sitogit), non-herbicide control and whole-season weeding control. Based on reducing density of broad-leaved weeds the most effective herbicides were Metribuzin (99 and 97% in first and second cutting) and Imazethapyr 1 lit/ha (91 and 90% in first and second cutting). The poorest control was application of Eradicane (44 and 36 % in first and second cutting). Furthermore, the results of reducing density of grass weeds showed that among all herbicides the highest efficiency were related to Eradicane (100% in both cutting) and Imazethapyr 100 g ai/ha (87 and 91% in first and second cutting). the lowest fresh and dry weight of alfalfa, cumulative dry matter and leaf area index was related to use of Metribuzin, which was due to the effects of herbicide injury on alfalfa, thus it led to decreasing of alfalfa density in the first year Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
76 - Effect of Planting Patterns on Grain Yield and Morphological Characteristics of Soybean (Glycine max L.) in the Competition with Weeds
zahra Jouzayan Alireza Yadavi Mohsen Movahedi Dehnavi Eisa MaghsoudiTo investigate the effect of planting patterns on morphological characteristics of soybean (cv. Villiam) in the competition with weeds, an experiment was carried out in summer of 2010 at the field of Agriculture Research Station of Yasouj University. In this study a spl MoreTo investigate the effect of planting patterns on morphological characteristics of soybean (cv. Villiam) in the competition with weeds, an experiment was carried out in summer of 2010 at the field of Agriculture Research Station of Yasouj University. In this study a split factorial was used based on Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. The main factors were (weedy and weed control) and subplots were row spacing (30, 45 and 60 cm) and soybean plant density (40, 50 and 60 plants m -2). The results showed that plant density and row spacing of soybean had significant effects on plant height, leaf area index, stem diameter and grain yield of soybean. With increasing of density and reduction of row spacing, increased grain yield of soybean, so that among the density different treatments the highest grain yield (240.6 gr m-2) was obtained from density of 60 plants m-2 and among the treatments of row spacing different the most grain yield (236.8 gr m-2) was obtained from 30 cm row spacing. Weed morphological characteristics (Lambsquarters and Amaranthus) was significantly affect by the plant density and row spacing of soybean, so that increasing of plant density and reduction of row spacing led to reduction of 22.7 and 29.8 percent dry weight of Amaranthus of weeds, respectively. The results, totally showed that changes in soybean planting patterns (plant spacing and row spacing) via effects on plant competitive ability against weed can be used as an cultural and non-chemical method for weed control. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
77 - Estimation of Some Applied Important Parameters in Prediction of Wheat Growth
Ali Rahemi Karizaki abbas bibani Nabi khaliliaghdamFor physiological importance of parameters of nonlinear regression in sigmoidal growth patterns, eight nonlinear regression models (Beta 1, Beta 2, Logistic, Richards, Gompertz, Symmetrical expolinear, Truncated expolinear, Weibull) used for describing of changing trend MoreFor physiological importance of parameters of nonlinear regression in sigmoidal growth patterns, eight nonlinear regression models (Beta 1, Beta 2, Logistic, Richards, Gompertz, Symmetrical expolinear, Truncated expolinear, Weibull) used for describing of changing trend of accumulated dry matter and two models as: Logistic and Beta for qualification of changing trend of LAI in two cultivar of wheat in two level of N-fertilizer. Thus, an factorial experiment in RCB design with four replications performed which treatment were two level of N-fertilizer and two cultivar of wheat (0, 150 kg/h (cv. Kohdasht) + 0, 120 kg/h (cv. Durum)) during the seasons of 2013/2014 and 2014/2015 in the research field of Gonbad Kavous University, then analyzed in combination method. Results of plotting of LAI data in logistic and beta models showed that both of models described changing trend of LAI and in either cultivar or model, applying of fertilizer decreased RMSE and upgraded R2 slowly. LAImax of cv.kohdasht was more than it in cv.durum in each fertilizer level and models. Also, results revealed that all models could describe changing trend of accumulated dry matter in either fertilizer level, but Richards, symmetrical-expolinear, Truncated-expolinear, Weibull models were some better than others. Further estimated value of parameters in these models (maximum accumulated dry matter, RGR in linear phase, RGR in expolinear phase, missed time to beginning of expolinear phase, slope of dry matter and time of CGRmax) are very practical in simulation studies, cultivars comparings, growth analyses and simulation of growth and production of wheat. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
78 - Evaluation of Castor bean (Ricinus communis L.) competition with redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflxus L.) at different levels of plant density
تاصر جعفرزاده Alireza Pirzad Hashem HadiIn order to evaluate the castor bean’s competitive effect with redroot pigweed at different levels of plant density, a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design was conducted in three replications at Agricultural Research of West Azarbayjan in MoreIn order to evaluate the castor bean’s competitive effect with redroot pigweed at different levels of plant density, a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design was conducted in three replications at Agricultural Research of West Azarbayjan in Urmia in 2011. The first factor was different densities of castor bean in five levels 0 (Pure stand of pigweed), 3, 4, 5 and 6 plant.m-², and second factor was three levels of redroot pigweed 0 (Pure stand of castor), 5, 10 and 15 plant.m-². Results showed that with increasing pigweed density, castor bean grain yield 20-38%, oil percent 39%, and plant height 32% comparing to pure culture decreased. The maximum amount of leaf dry weight (58.7g.m-2), stem dry weight (49.3g.m-2), number of branches (5.3), and height (44.9cm) belonged to pure stand of pigweed, that decreased by increasing castor bean density. With increasing of pigweed density, its leaf area index in pure culture reached the highest level (1.44) which was 50% higher than with 15 plant/m2 of pigweed, and 6 plant.m-² of castor bean. The highest (157cm) and the lowest (107 cm) height of castor bean attained at 6 and 3 plants per m2, respectively. Therefore that increasing pigweed density decrease grain yield and oil yield. The amount of this reduction was related to pigweed density. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
79 - Allometric relationship between leaf area and vegetative characteristics in field- grown Vicia faba
ali rahemi karizaki عبدالخلیل حسن زاده A. Biabani عباس فروغیThe objective of this study was to obtain relationships between plant leaf area (cm2plant-1) with main stem leaf number, leaf dry weight (g plant-1), stem dry weight (g plant-1), vegetative dry weight (g plant-1) and plant height (cm) in vicia faba. An experimental desi MoreThe objective of this study was to obtain relationships between plant leaf area (cm2plant-1) with main stem leaf number, leaf dry weight (g plant-1), stem dry weight (g plant-1), vegetative dry weight (g plant-1) and plant height (cm) in vicia faba. An experimental design was conducted in the field at Agricultural Science Research Farm of the Gonbad University in 2011-2012. Experimental design was a factorial arrangement of treatments based on randomized complete block design with four replications. The treatments were combinations of two sowing dates and four plant densities. Sowing dates were 28 November 2011 and 15 December 2011. Plant densities were 8, 12, 16 and 20 plants m-2. Sample the beginning of pod formation stage, when it stops producing leaves work was done. At each sampling leaf area, main stem leaf number, leaf dry weight, vegetative dry weight and plant heights were measured. A power equation (y= axb ) was used to describe the relationship between leaf area and the mentioned characteristics. The results showed because of not significant between treatments can use from one power equation with R2≥0.98 for description of relationship among leaf area with other trait. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
80 - Modeling growth and yield of safflower in Isfahan
Valiallah Dadrasi بنیامین ترابی سهیلا قاسمی مهامThis study was performed to yield prediction and statistical modeling of Safflower. Phenology, dry matter production and distribution and soil-water balance sub models should be studied in order to growth stages and yield prediction in agricultural crops. Parameters rel MoreThis study was performed to yield prediction and statistical modeling of Safflower. Phenology, dry matter production and distribution and soil-water balance sub models should be studied in order to growth stages and yield prediction in agricultural crops. Parameters related to each sub model were estimated using data reported on different sowing dates during the years 2002-2015 in Isfahan region and the data reported by other researchers in other regions. Growth and yield changes were calculated by phenology, dry matter production and distribution using meteorological data from Isfahan region, and the safflower crop yield at the end of growing season was predicted. One of the model evaluation criteria is comparison of coefficient of linear regression between observed and predicted yield (a= 0.46 ± 0.073, b= 1.49 ± 0.18) with coefficient of line 1:1. In the field experiments the limit for Coefficient of variation (CV) is 20 to 25. Accuracy of the model was high, regarding to the coefficient of variation of predicted and observed grain yield (CV=8.89). R2 of grain yield was 0.75, which is indicating that predicted data are 70 percent likely match with observed data. Variation range for observed data was 1.2 to 4.61 tones per hectar and the mean was 2.9 tones and for the predicted data it was 1.94 to 3.62 tones per hectar and the mean was 2.78 Tones per hectar. In all cases, simulated yield compliance with observed yield. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
81 - Estimating leaf area by using vegetative characteristics in in bread and durum wheat cultivars
jafar pourreza Afshin Soltani احمد نادریIn order to investigate relationships between leaf area (LA) cm2plant-1 with leaf dry weight ( LDW) g plant-1, total dry weight of vegetative organs (leaf + stem)(TDWV) g plant-1, total plant leaf number (TPLN) and plant height (PH) cm plant-1; two field experiments wer MoreIn order to investigate relationships between leaf area (LA) cm2plant-1 with leaf dry weight ( LDW) g plant-1, total dry weight of vegetative organs (leaf + stem)(TDWV) g plant-1, total plant leaf number (TPLN) and plant height (PH) cm plant-1; two field experiments were conducted at research farm of Islamic Azad University, Ramhormoz Branch in 2006-2008 cropping seasons with 13 bread wheat cultivars(Atrak, Bayat, Chamran, Chenab, Dez, Ineia, Kavir, Marvdasht, Shiraz and S78-18) and two durum wheat (Yavaroos and shova-Mald) cultivars. The experimental design was randomized complete block with four replications. Various equations including linear and none-linear equations were used to describe relationships between leaf area and mentioned characteristics. The best results were obtained with linear form of power equation {ln(Y)=ln(a)+bln(x)}. Results showed that there was no significant difference between cultivars and in respect to coefficients of allometric relationships. So one equation was used for all cultivars in both years. Equation Y=219.2X0.96(R2=0.99) showed very good description of the estimation of leaf area (Y) Using LDW (X), Also according to equation Y=84.77X0.6 (R2=0.92) , leaf area using data of TDWV (X) was well estimated. although relationship between LA and PTLN was suitable but LA was estimated with less precision compared to LDW and TDWV (Y=1.34X1.57, R2=0.89). Estimation of leaf area Using data of PH was not well estimated. It was concluded that the equations could be used for estimation of leaf area especially when the leaf area meter device is not available or can be used in simulation models of wheat. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
82 - The effect of inflorescence removing and seed tuber size on leaf area index and tuber yield of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)
علی نصراله زاده اصل Atieh Pasha Poor KhoyiIn order to investigate the effect of removing inflorescence and seed tuber size on yield and yield components of potato, the experiment was conducted using a factorial method based on randomized complete block design with three replications in a farm located in evoghlu MoreIn order to investigate the effect of removing inflorescence and seed tuber size on yield and yield components of potato, the experiment was conducted using a factorial method based on randomized complete block design with three replications in a farm located in evoghlu region of Khoy city, during spring of 2014. The first factor was removal of inflorescence at two levels including removal and non-removal of inflorescence and the second factor was the seed tuber size at six levels including 25-35 g, 35-45 g, 45-55 g, 55-65 g, 65-75 g, and 75-85 g. The results indicated that the effect of removing inflorescence and seed tuber size was significant on tuber size, weight of tuber in plant, the number of branches and leaves in plant, leaf area index and tuber yield. So that the highest leaf area index (5.48) obtained from the treatment of inflorescence removing and tuber yield also in the treatment of inflorescence removing increased by 2.68 tons per hectare (%15). In regard with seed tuber size, the highest rates of tuber yield were 22.64 and 21.89 tons per hectare which were respectively obtained for seed tuber sizes of 65-75 g and 75-85 g. There was no significant difference between these two sizes of seed tuber in regard with tuber yield. Therefore, inflorescence removing is effective in yield increasing due to elimination of un useful sink, also seed tuber size of 65-75 g is recommended in order to save seed consumption and reduce costs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
83 - Evaluation growth indices of two cultivars of Native and Corrected rice (Oryza sativa L.) in different irrigation Management.
Nematollah sedaghat همت اله پیردشتی علی راحمی کاریزکی سعید صفی خانیIn order to determine the effect of different irrigation managements on rice growth indices, an experiment was done in factorial based on randomized complete block design in Rice Research Institute of Iran, Deputy of Mazandaran, Amol during 2011. Treatments were differe MoreIn order to determine the effect of different irrigation managements on rice growth indices, an experiment was done in factorial based on randomized complete block design in Rice Research Institute of Iran, Deputy of Mazandaran, Amol during 2011. Treatments were different irrigation managements including Alternate Wet and Drying (AWD), Semi-Dry Cultivation (SDC), combining Shallow water depth with Wetting and Drying (SWD) and Traditional Irrigation (TI) and two contrast cultivars of Tarom and Fajr as native and improved cultivars, respectively. Growth indices were fitted using measuring the dry weight and leaf area over seven sampling times during rice growing stages. The results showed that IT (with an average of 7694 kg) had the highest paddy yield followed by AWD (with an average of 7056 kg), SDC (with an average of 6856/8 kg) and SWD (with an average of 6358/7 kg). Leaf area index in Tarom cultivar varied from 2.99 in the combining Shallow water depth with wetting and drying to 4.6 in alternate wet and drying regimes. By contrast, LAI in Fajr cultivar ranged from 4.1 in the alternate wet and drying to 5.6 in traditional irrigation regimes. In conclusion, the maximum leaf area index, net assimilation rate in Tarom and Fajr cultivars to AWD and SDC irrigation managements could be introduced. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
84 - Evaluate the effect of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and nitrogen fertilizer on yield and some agronomic and physiological traits of medicinal plant of Peppermint (Mentha piperita L.)
سعید حکم علی پوربه منظور بررسی اثر باکتریهای محرک رشد گیاهی و کود نیتروژن بر عملکرد و برخی خصوصیات زراعی و فیزیولوژیک گیاه دارویی نعناع فلفلی، آزمایش فاکتوریل در قالب بلوکهای کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه پیام نور واحد کوثر، شهرستان کوثر استان اردبیل انجام شد. عام Moreبه منظور بررسی اثر باکتریهای محرک رشد گیاهی و کود نیتروژن بر عملکرد و برخی خصوصیات زراعی و فیزیولوژیک گیاه دارویی نعناع فلفلی، آزمایش فاکتوریل در قالب بلوکهای کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه پیام نور واحد کوثر، شهرستان کوثر استان اردبیل انجام شد. عامل-های آزمایشی شامل کود نیتروژن در پنج سطح (صفر، 50، 100، 150 و 200 کیلوگرم نیتروژن خالص در هکتار از منبع اوره) و باکتریهای محرک رشد گیاهی در سه سطح (عدم تلقیح، تلقیح بذر با ازتوباکتر کروکوکوم سویه 5 و تلقیح بذر با آزوسپیریلوم لیپوفرم سویهOF) بودند. نتایج تجزیه واریانس نشان داد، در تلقیح با باکتریهای محرک رشد گیاهی، وزن تر ساقه، وزن خشک ساقه، وزن تر برگ، وزن خشک کل بوته، وزن تر کل بوته، سطح برگ، شاخص کلروفیل، میزان اسانس برگ و عملکرد اسانس به طور معنیداری تحت تاثیر قرار گرفتند. اثر متقابل تیمارهای آزمایشی نشان داد، وزن خشک ساقه، سطح برگ و میزان اسانس برگ به طور معنیداری تحت تاثیر اثر متقابل نیتروژن × باکتریهای محرک رشد گیاهی قرار گرفت. بیشترین وزن خشک ساقه، سطح برگ و میزان اسانس برگ در ترکیب تیماری مصرف 200 کیلوگرم اوره در هکتار × ازتوباکتر مشاهده شد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
85 - The Effect of Water Deficit on Chlorophyll Fluorescence, Vegetative Characteristics and Grain Yield of Corn Hybrids
houman homayouni victoria khazarian Mohsen SaeidiRestriction of humidity is one of the main factors limiting production in arid and semiarid regions. To evaluate the effects of water deficit on chlorophyll fluorescence, vegetative characteristics and grain yield of corn, an experiment was conducted a spilt plot plan i MoreRestriction of humidity is one of the main factors limiting production in arid and semiarid regions. To evaluate the effects of water deficit on chlorophyll fluorescence, vegetative characteristics and grain yield of corn, an experiment was conducted a spilt plot plan in the form of a completely randomized block design in triplicate in Karaj in 2009 and 2010. The main plots consisted irrigation, including full irrigation (I1), 12.5 % (I2), 25 % (I3), 37.5 % (I4) and 50 % (I5) water deficit, and the subplot consisted corn hybrids including SC704, SC500 and SC301. In terms of fluorescence chlorophyll parameters, in the Leaf10 stage and tasseling stage, there was a meaningful difference among corn hybrids, while in other cases a meaningful difference was not observed. The leaf area index, plant height and grain yield decreased by decreasing the amount of water in water deficit treatments. However, decreasing water to 12.5 % did not have a meaningful effect on the grain yield. The lowest grain yield was related to I5 (with performance of 2497 kg/ha). Among hybrids, SC704 (with yield of 4592 kg/ha) accrued the highest grain yield to itself. At the same time as the intensification of deficit irrigation, the decrease in the level of photosynthesis that occurred through decrease of leaf area played a more important role compared to photosystem II efficiency in grain yield. Moreover, due to the scatted data of the quantum yield of photosystem II achieved, which are affected by the environmental conditions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
86 - Study the physiological responses of mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) as affected by irrigation with magnetized water under drought stress
Omid SadeghipourIn order to investigate the effect of magnetized water on drought tolerance of mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) Partow cultivar, a pot experiment was done in Yadegar-e-Imam Khomeini (RAH) Branch, Islamic Azad University at 2013. This experiment was conducted in factorial at MoreIn order to investigate the effect of magnetized water on drought tolerance of mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) Partow cultivar, a pot experiment was done in Yadegar-e-Imam Khomeini (RAH) Branch, Islamic Azad University at 2013. This experiment was conducted in factorial at the basis of completely randomized design with four replications. The first factor consisted of two irrigation levels including irrigation after 50 and 100 mm evaporation from class A evaporation pan as control and drought stress conditions, respectively. The second factor consisted of two types of water including tap water and magnetized water. Results showed that drought decreased chlorophyll content, stomatal conductance, relative water content, leaf area and net photosynthetic rate; nevertheless irrigation with magnetized water reduced drought damages via improving all of these traits. In irrigation with tap water, the higher and lower net photosynthetic rat were 8.70 and 5.60 µmol CO2 m-2 s-1 under normal and drought conditions, respectively. Nonetheless, in irrigation with magnetized water, the higher and lower net photosynthetic rat were 10 and 6.29 µmol CO2 m-2 s-1 under normal and drought conditions, respectively. Therefore, after supplementary field studies and observing magnetized water effect on yield and yield components and economical computing, this treatment, as simple, safe and practical method can use for improvement drought tolerance of mung bean. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
87 - Effect of flooding in the reproductive stage and Methods fertilization on growth and biological nitrogen fixation in soybeans
mohammad khadempir سرالله گالشی افشین سلطانی فرشید قادری فرTo study the effect of waterlogging stress on dry matter accumulation, leaf area, number and nodule diameter nitrogen fixation in soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) cultivar DPX. Experiment was done at the University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources of Gorga MoreTo study the effect of waterlogging stress on dry matter accumulation, leaf area, number and nodule diameter nitrogen fixation in soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) cultivar DPX. Experiment was done at the University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources of Gorgan. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design in factorial with two factors. Factors included nutritional levels at three levels: (1 - inoculated with bacteria Japonicum bradyrhizobium 2 - non-inoculated plus nitrogen fertilizer (150 kg/ha urea) 3 - non-inoculated without nitrogen fertilizer) . The second factor was flooding stress periods (0, 5, 10 and 15 days). Flooding of soybean plants was in the reproductive growth stage (R2). The results showed duration flooding leaf surface and leaf dry weight were reduced by an average of 55% compared to control and root dry weight and root volume were increased by an average of 10 percent.Inoculation with bacteria form nodules were observed without fertilizer. With increasing duration of flooding stress nodes per plant, nodule diameter and nodule dry weight decreased. The nutritional levels of nitrogen fertilizer plus the non-inoculated into minimal impact from the flooding stress was . and nutritional parameters measured at the surface of the drop was less than control flooding stress have the greatest impact on nutritional levels had non-inoculated without fertilizerThe results indicate that it is desirable if soybean be fed by nitrogen fertilizer losses from the flooding will see fewer And the results showed a significant reduction of saturated nitrogen fixing nodules on soybean is . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
88 - Investigation of water deficit and physical seed priming effects on some morphophysiological traits and grain yield of maize (Zea mays L.)
Farhad Farahvash Reza Siyami Bahram Mirshekari Varahram Rashidi Alireza TarinejadTo investigate the physical seed priming of maize under water deficit, a split plot experiment based on completely randomized block design with three replications was conducted at the Agricultural Research Station of Islamic Azad University, Tabriz Branch in 2014. Main MoreTo investigate the physical seed priming of maize under water deficit, a split plot experiment based on completely randomized block design with three replications was conducted at the Agricultural Research Station of Islamic Azad University, Tabriz Branch in 2014. Main plots consisted of two irrigation levels (control and water deficit respectively 70 and 110 mm evaporations from class A pan) and sub plots of eleven levels of physical priming (gamma and beta rays with fixed velocity of two micro curie, laser with continuous wave He-Ne with wavelength 6328 angstrom, magnetic field with 40 Mt and ultrasonic waves with maximum 3 wat/cm2 in 5 and 10 minutes along with control, without any treatment). Based on the results obtained, grain yield and leaf area index decreased by 18.5 and 23% respectively under drought stress condition in comparison with normal irrigation (70 mm evaporation from the pan). Proline concentration of leaves increased under drought stress by 38% as compared with control treatment. The highest leaf area indices by using magnetic field and 5 minutes laser and gamma irradiations obtained to be 3.95. The highest grain yield belonged to treatment of 5 and 10 minutes of magnetic field and to treatments of 5 minutes gamma and laser irradiations. Increasing treatment time from 5 to10 minutes, of gamma and laser irradiations decreased grain yield by 20 and 17%, respectively. It can be concluded that physical seed priming by magnetic field, gamma and laser irradiations for short times can be recommended for higher grain yields. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
89 - The effect of nitrogen rates on wheat morphological traits and grain yield in different irrigation conditions
Sadegh Shahrasbi Yahya Emam Hadi Pirasteh-AnoshehIn a 2-yrs field study, growth pattern and grain yield of wheat as affected by different nitrogen levels under varied irrigation conditions were evaluated in Shiraz University during 2013-15 growing seasons. The results showed that in both years at anthesis and ripening MoreIn a 2-yrs field study, growth pattern and grain yield of wheat as affected by different nitrogen levels under varied irrigation conditions were evaluated in Shiraz University during 2013-15 growing seasons. The results showed that in both years at anthesis and ripening stages in all irrigation treatments, except rainfed, 300 kg N ha-1 had the highest plant height, while the highest plant height in rainfed for all sampling stages was achieved in 225 kg N ha-1 treatment. In all irrigation treatments, except rainfed, the plots receiving more N had the higher leaf area index for all sampling stages. As water deficit was applied and intensified, the less N fertilizer was needed for achieving the higher dry matter production; so that the highest final dry matter in normal irrigation, irrigation cutting at grain filling and spike emergence and rainfed conditions for both years were obtained from 225, 225, 150 and 75 kg N ha-1, by 1195.1, 1115.2, 931.1 kg ha-1 and 517.6 at the first and by 1015.8, 957.9, 791.5 kg ha-1 and 389.9 kg N ha-1 at the second year, respectively. In both years, the highest SPAD index was observed from rainfed conditions and 375 kg N ha-1, and the highest grain yield was observed in normal irrigation with 150 kg N ha-1 by 568.1 and 515.5 kg ha-1 at the first and second years, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
90 - Evaluating non-linear regression models in growth analysis of Cucurbita pepo L.
hamideh khalaj mohammadreza LabbafiThis study was carried out to evaluate the growth of Cucurbita pepo L. using nonlinear regression models. The experiment was carried out in a randomized complete blocks design with three replications at Research Farm of Abouraihan Campus, University of Tehran during the MoreThis study was carried out to evaluate the growth of Cucurbita pepo L. using nonlinear regression models. The experiment was carried out in a randomized complete blocks design with three replications at Research Farm of Abouraihan Campus, University of Tehran during the 2013 growing season. The planting dates were April 20th, June 20th and July 20th. In order to study the growth analysis, leaf area and dry weight changes were measured. Eight models were used to describe the dry weight variations (Logistic, Gompertz, Richards, Weibull, Linear Expression, Symmetric Linear and Beta 1 and 2 models), and three models (logistic, Gompertz and beta) were used to describe the trend of leaf area changes. The results showed that all models well described the changes in dry weight and leaf area (day after planting) and can be used in growth analysis studies. In this research, a beta-1 model was used in all three planting dates to estimate leaf area and dry matter index. Among the planting dates, the highest leaf area index and dry matter were produced in April 20th and June 20th with 1.78 and 1379 g / m2, respectively. The best time to plant of C. pepo L. in the Varamin is June. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
91 - The effect of drought stress and plant density on yield and yield components of irrigated wheat cultivars in the temperate region of Lorestan province
Ezatollah Nabati Amin Farnia Mojtaba Jafarzadeh Kenarsari Shahram NakhjavanThis study was conducted to investigate the effect of drought stress and plant density on yield and some yield components of wheat cultivars in Boroujerd Agricultural Research Station in 2019-2020. The experiment was performed as a split factorial in a randomized comple MoreThis study was conducted to investigate the effect of drought stress and plant density on yield and some yield components of wheat cultivars in Boroujerd Agricultural Research Station in 2019-2020. The experiment was performed as a split factorial in a randomized complete block design. The main plots belonged to drought stress treatments (at three levels of control, irrigation to flowering, and irrigation to grain filling). The sub-plots consisted of plant density treatments (300, 400, 500, and 600 plants m−2) and cultivars (Mihan and Baharan). The results showed that drought stress, density, and cultivar treatments influenced grain yield components, and the interaction of stress ×plant density significantly affected plant height and spike length. The interaction of cultivar × stress significantly influenced plant height, 1000-seed weight, grain yield, and flag leaf area index. The interaction of cultivar × density was also significant on plant height, spike length, and internode diameter. The highest plant height (87 cm) was obtained in the treatment of 600 plants/m2 without applying drought stress. The highest plant height among all treatments belonged to the Baharan cultivar cultivated at a density of 600 plants/m2. The spike length was higher in full irrigation treatment and at the level of 500 plants/m2 than in the other experimental treatments. The dry weights of flag leaves were 2.8 and 3 g in Mihan and Baharan cultivars, respectively. The highest 1000-seed weight (43.7 g) in the Mihan cultivar at the level of complete irrigation treatment increased by about 12% compared to that in irrigation.... Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
92 - Effect of bacterial inoculation and nitrogen fertilizer timing on growth indices, yield and morphological traits of triticale (Triticosecale wittmack)
N. Hasanzadeh R. Seyed SharifiiUsing biological fertilizers containing different microbial strains, leads to less chemical fertilizer application and consequently high quality products with no harmful chemicals for human health. In order to investigate the effect of seed inoculation with growth promo MoreUsing biological fertilizers containing different microbial strains, leads to less chemical fertilizer application and consequently high quality products with no harmful chemicals for human health. In order to investigate the effect of seed inoculation with growth promoting rhizobacteria and nitrogen fertilizer timing on growth indices, yield and some morphological traits of triticale (Joanilo variety), a factorial experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design with three replications in 2012, at the green house in agricultural science college of Mohaghegh Ardabili university. The factors consisted of nitrogen fertilizer timing in four levels including T1 (1/2 in planting time + 1/2 during stem elongation), T2 (1/3 in planting time + 1/3 during stem elongation + 1/3 before panicle appearance), T3 (1/4 in planting time + 1/2 during stem elongation + 1/4 during panicle growth) and T4 (1/4 in planting time + 1/4 during tilling stage + 1/4 during stem elongation + 1/4 during panicle growth) and seed inoculation with growth promoting rhizobacteria in four levels including B0 (no-inoculation), B1 (Azotobacter chroococcum, strain 5), B2 (Azospirillum Lipoferum, strain OF) and B3 (Pseudomonas putida, strain 4). Results indicated that the interaction of bacterial inoculation and nitrogen fertilizer timing were significant on all measured traits. It seems that seed inoculation with plant growth promoting rhizobacteria and the second and third fertilizer timing levels led to an increase in yield and improved growth indices as well as morphological traits so that the most leaf area index, crop growth rate, relative growth rate and plant dry weight were observed in the interaction of Azotobacter and Azospirillum inoculation in the second and third fertilizer timing levels. Bacterial inoculation with Azotobacter and second fertilizer timing level increased grain yield 2.5 times more than the control treatment. The most values for morphological traits of triticale were acquired in seed inoculation with growth promoting rhizobacteria and the second and third fertilizer timing levels. Using biological fertilizers containing different microbial strains, leads to less chemical fertilizer application and consequently high quality products with no harmful chemicals for human health. In order to investigate the effect of seed inoculation with growth promoting rhizobacteria and nitrogen fertilizer timing on growth indices, yield and some morphological traits of triticale (Joanilo variety), a factorial experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design with three replications in 2012, at the green house in agricultural science college of Mohaghegh Ardabili university. The factors consisted of nitrogen fertilizer timing in four levels including T1 (1/2 in planting time + 1/2 during stem elongation), T2 (1/3 in planting time + 1/3 during stem elongation + 1/3 before panicle appearance), T3 (1/4 in planting time + 1/2 during stem elongation + 1/4 during panicle growth) and T4 (1/4 in planting time + 1/4 during tilling stage + 1/4 during stem elongation + 1/4 during panicle growth) and seed inoculation with growth promoting rhizobacteria in four levels including B0 (no-inoculation), B1 (Azotobacter chroococcum, strain 5), B2 (Azospirillum Lipoferum, strain OF) and B3 (Pseudomonas putida, strain 4). Results indicated that the interaction of bacterial inoculation and nitrogen fertilizer timing were significant on all measured traits. It seems that seed inoculation with plant growth promoting rhizobacteria and the second and third fertilizer timing levels led to an increase in yield and improved growth indices as well as morphological traits so that the most leaf area index, crop growth rate, relative growth rate and plant dry weight were observed in the interaction of Azotobacter and Azospirillum inoculation in the second and third fertilizer timing levels. Bacterial inoculation with Azotobacter and second fertilizer timing level increased grain yield 2.5 times more than the control treatment. The most values for morphological traits of triticale were acquired in seed inoculation with growth promoting rhizobacteria and the second and third fertilizer timing levels. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
93 - Study the acclimation of chicory (cichorium intybus L.) ecotypes under water stress in Badjgah region of Shiraz
M.J. Abbasi M. Jahani Doghozloo H. Pirasteh-Anosheh S.A. Kazemeini M. TaghvaeiWater deficit is one of the most important limiting factor affecting plant growth and productivity in arid and semi-arid regions in crop plants. In this field research, the effect of four irrigation intervals including 5, 8, 11 and 14 days were examined on growth, yield MoreWater deficit is one of the most important limiting factor affecting plant growth and productivity in arid and semi-arid regions in crop plants. In this field research, the effect of four irrigation intervals including 5, 8, 11 and 14 days were examined on growth, yield and essential oil of four chicory ecotypes including Shiraz White, Shiraz Black, Isfahan White and Isfahan Black. The experiment was carried out as split plot arranged in complete randomized block design at College of Agriculture, Shiraz University (Badjgah) in 2013. The results showed that water stress, due to enhanced irrigation interval, decreased leaf area, leaf dry weight, root dry weight and total plant dry weight. Leaf area and dry weight, root dry weight and total plant dry weight in sever water stress were decreased by 40.3, 46.2, 37.8 and 45.8% compared to no stress conditions, respectively. Besides, increased irrigation intervals from 5 or 8 to 11 and 14 days increased amount of essential oil content in all ecotypes. Increased irrigation interval from 5 to 14 days reduced total dry weight of Shiraz White, Shiraz Black, Isfahan White and Isfahan Black ecotypes by 47.9, 56.1, 22.4 and 53.6%, respectively. Although growth and essential oil of Shiraz White and Shiraz Black ecotypes were greater; however, Isfahan White and Isfahan Black ecotypes had the lower sensitivity to water stress. Therefore, in conditions similar to the study, planting of Shiraz and Isfahan ecotypes under normal irrigation and water deficit conditions, are needed to more attentions, respectively. ont-family:"B Lotus"'>اصفهان شد. اگرچه رشد و اسانس اکوتیپهای سیاه و سفید شیراز بیشتر بود، ولی اکوتیپهای سیاه و سفید اصفهان حساسیت کمتری به تنش آبی نشان دادند. بنابراین، در شرایط اقلیمی مشابه با منطقه باجگاه، اکوتیپهای شیراز و اصفهان به ترتیب برای کشت در شرایط آبیاری مطلوب و کمآبیاری نیازمند بررسی بیشتر هستند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
94 - Improving Growth and Performance of Young Almond Trees in Nursery by Optimizing Mineral Nutrition
Masoud Shafiei Hossein Ali Asadi-Gharneh Soheil Karimi -
Open Access Article
95 - Study of Radiation Use Efficiency of Autumnal Sugar Beet under Variable Irrigation Regimes and Nitrogen Rates Management
MOSTAFA HOSSEINPOUR SEYED HOSSEIN MAHMOODI NEZHAD DEZFULLY ALIREZA PAKNEZHAD -
Open Access Article
96 - Effect of Growing Media on the Vegetative Growth Process of F1 and F2 Tomato Varieties
ZIBA KAZEMI ABOLGHASEM HASANPOOR -
Open Access Article
97 - Effects of intercropping of maize with beans, the dry matter production and quality of forage
Mohsen Dargahi ali Reza Souhani DarbanAbstractIntercropping on the basis of potential environmental in areas where inputs such as land and water constraints faced by planting two or more crops are used repeatedly and in combination. In order to evaluate the effect of intercropping of maize the KSC 704 with MoreAbstractIntercropping on the basis of potential environmental in areas where inputs such as land and water constraints faced by planting two or more crops are used repeatedly and in combination. In order to evaluate the effect of intercropping of maize the KSC 704 with two kinds of beans the Sunrise (Phaseolusvulgaris) and Cowpea Mashhad cultivars (Vigna unguiculata) The amount of dry matter forage production and quality testing in a randomized complete block design with split plot with five treatments and three replications during 2009-2010 in the field of Islamic Azad University of Mashhad. Intercropping in terms of the percentage ratios are 00: 100, 25:75, 50:50, 75:25 and 100: 00, respectively. The study characteristics included , forage fresh and dry weight, leaf area produced by plants, land equivalent ratio (LER), protein and fiber yield of forage. The results showed that land equivalent ratio (LER), in all intercropping treatments that represent more than a single ship intercropping advantage. Dry matter yield in intercropping system more than monoculture corn. Legumes in intercropping reduced leaf area But leaf area increased corn planting ratio of 75:25. Intercropping with cowpea compared with common beans effect on increased forage protein content than the monoculture system. Crude fiber content, in intercropping to monoculture corn, which increases the palatability of forage was reduced. The results showed that intercropping with cowpea good way to feed a high quality and quantity. Considering the forage yield and forage quality best planting ratio was as 75:25. The highest land equivalent ratio (LER) was obtained in this treatment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
98 - Effects of inter-cropping of maize with beans, the dry matter production and quality of forage
M. Dargahi A. Souhani Darban Intercropping on the basis of potential environmental in areas where inputs such as land and water constraints faced by planting two or more crops are used repeatedly and in combination. In order to evaluate the effect of intercropping of maize More Intercropping on the basis of potential environmental in areas where inputs such as land and water constraints faced by planting two or more crops are used repeatedly and in combination. In order to evaluate the effect of intercropping of maize the KSC 704 with two kinds of beans the Sunrise (Phaseolusvulgaris) and Cowpea Mashhad cultivars (Vigna unguiculata) The amount of dry matter forage production and quality testing in a randomized complete block design with split plot with five treatments and three replications during 2009-2010 in the field of Islamic Azad University of Mashhad. Intercropping in terms of the percentage ratios are 00: 100, 25:75, 50:50, 75:25 and 100: 00, respectively. The study characteristics included , forage fresh and dry weight, leaf area produced by plants, land equivalent ratio (LER), protein and fiber yield of forage. The results showed that land equivalent ratio (LER), in all intercropping treatments that represent more than a single ship intercropping advantage. Dry matter yield in intercropping system more than monoculture corn. Legumes in intercropping reduced leaf area But leaf area increased corn planting ratio of 75:25. Intercropping with cowpea compared with common beans effect on increased forage protein content than the monoculture system. Crude fiber content, in intercropping to monoculture corn, which increases the palatability of forage was reduced. The results showed that intercropping with cowpea good way to feed a high quality and quantity. Considering the forage yield and forage quality best planting ratio was as 75:25. The highest land equivalent ratio (LER) was obtained in this treatment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
99 - Effect of Humic Acid and Putassium Fertilizer on Growth feature of Mallow (Malva sylvestris L.)
I. Bahremand K. Bakhsh Kelarestaghi N. AsgariIn order to determine the effect of humic acid and potassium fertilizer on the fresh and dry weight of heath and root dry weight , Length of root and Leaf Area Index (LAI) of mention plant, there was an Experiment using the plan of Compeletly Randomized Block Design wit MoreIn order to determine the effect of humic acid and potassium fertilizer on the fresh and dry weight of heath and root dry weight , Length of root and Leaf Area Index (LAI) of mention plant, there was an Experiment using the plan of Compeletly Randomized Block Design with 3 replications and 12 treatments raised on factorial.the factors was 4 level of humic acid (0,5,10,15 kg/ha) and 3 level of potassium sulfate (0,50,100 kg/ha). During the experiment , Leaf Area Index, as well as plant fresh and dry weight , Length of root and root dry weight was measured and analyzed. Results showed that the positive effect of humic acid and potassium on Leaf Area Index by plant and increase dry and fresh weight ,root dr weight and Length of root . That treatment who had received the most amount of humic acid had significant difference in comparision of other treatments. Comparing treatment who had received the most amount of "Potassium" had significant difference too. Comparing interaction between treatments, also indicate that treated plants with the highest amount of humic acid and putassium, had significant difference in comparision of other treatments. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
100 - Effects of intercropping of maize with beans, the dry matter production and quality of forage
M. Dargahi A. Souhani DarbanIntercropping on the basis of potential environmental in areas where inputs such as land and water constraints faced by planting two or more crops are used repeatedly and in combination. In order to evaluate the effect of intercropping of maize the KSC 704 with two kind MoreIntercropping on the basis of potential environmental in areas where inputs such as land and water constraints faced by planting two or more crops are used repeatedly and in combination. In order to evaluate the effect of intercropping of maize the KSC 704 with two kinds of beans the Sunrise (Phaseolusvulgaris) and Cowpea Mashhad cultivars (Vigna unguiculata) The amount of dry matter forage production and quality testing in a randomized complete block design with split plot with five treatments and three replications during 2009-2010 in the field of Islamic Azad University of Mashhad. Intercropping in terms of the percentage ratios are 00: 100, 25:75, 50:50, 75:25 and 100: 00, respectively. The study characteristics included , forage fresh and dry weight, leaf area produced by plants, land equivalent ratio (LER), protein and fiber yield of forage. The results showed that land equivalent ratio (LER), in all intercropping treatments that represent more than a single ship intercropping advantage. Dry matter yield in intercropping system more than monoculture corn. Legumes in intercropping reduced leaf area But leaf area increased corn planting ratio of 75:25. Intercropping with cowpea compared with common beans effect on increased forage protein content than the monoculture system. Crude fiber content, in intercropping to monoculture corn, which increases the palatability of forage was reduced. The results showed that intercropping with cowpea good way to feed a high quality and quantity. Considering the forage yield and forage quality best planting ratio was as 75:25. The highest land equivalent ratio (LER) was obtained in this treatment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
101 - Vertical leaf area and dry matter distribution in potato canopy in response to weed competition
M. R. Haj seyed hadi Gh. Noormohamadi M. Nasiri Mahalati H. Rahimi E. ZandTo study the competitive effects of redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus) and lambsquarter (Chenopodium album) on potato, an additive experiment was conducted in the spring of 2004 and 2005 in split-split plot based on randomized complete block design with 4 replicat MoreTo study the competitive effects of redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus) and lambsquarter (Chenopodium album) on potato, an additive experiment was conducted in the spring of 2004 and 2005 in split-split plot based on randomized complete block design with 4 replications at the Seed Potato Production Station of RAN in Firouzkooh. Treatments were included 2 weed species in main plots (Amaranthus retroflexus and Chenopodium album), weed density in sub plots (2, 4 and 8 plants per meter of row) and relative time of weed emergence in sub-sub plots (8 and 4 days prior to potato and the same time with potato emergence in 2004 and the same time with potato, 2 and 4 weeks after potato in 2005). Results showed increasing weed density resulted in reduction in potato LAI, but leaf area distribution in canopy layers was not affected and maximum LAD was recorded in second layer (20-40 cm) in all treatments. In 2004, redroot pigweed in 2, 4 and 8 plants per meter of row put 29, 42.1 and 44.6 percent of LAI above the potato canopy, respectively. These amounts for lambsquarter were 30.6, 38 and 43 percent. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
102 - Quantitative and Qualitative Responses of Corn 704 Singel-Cross to Different Planting Patterns and Nitrogen Fertilizer Levels
Jaber Khordadi Varamin Seyed Mohammad Reza Haj Seyed Hadi Mohammad Taghi Darzi Arash Rozbahaei -
Open Access Article
103 - Study on Vertical Distribution of Leaf Area, Yield and Assimilate Remobilization in Grain Corn Hybrids (Zea Mays L.)
Masoud Rafiee Mohammad Amin BahariIn order to determine the vertical distribution of leaf area index and remobilization of assimilates to grain in mid- and late maturing hybrids of grain corn, an experiment was carried out in Randomize complete block design (RCBD) with four replications in Lorestan Agri MoreIn order to determine the vertical distribution of leaf area index and remobilization of assimilates to grain in mid- and late maturing hybrids of grain corn, an experiment was carried out in Randomize complete block design (RCBD) with four replications in Lorestan Agriculture Research Center in 2014. Average numbers of green leaves in investigated hybrids at flowering stage were 11. Vertical distribution of leaf area index curve was third-order polynomial as bell-shaped with highest leaf area density in the middle of canopy. A third-order polynomial accurately as S-shaped curve described the relationship between cumulative leaf area index (LAI) and plant height at tassel emergence stage. Maximum and minimum of total LAI were achieved from hybrids 4 and 9 respectively, but highest and lowest grain yield achieved from hybrids 11 and 3 (8675.5 and 6237.3 kg/ha, respectively). No remobilization was found between hybrids. Significant and negative correlation between remobilization and LAI (-0.54*), non significant correlation between grain yield and LAI and lack of remobilization indicates a high level of current photosynthesis in the grain filling stage with a severe physiological sink restriction in advanced grain corn hybrids. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
104 - Effect of plant density, nitrogen fertilizer and sowing date on the yield and chemical composition of essential oil of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.)
حخخقهش ئشظمخخئSweet basil is one of the most widespread spices in the world. leaves are used commonly as a flavoring in many food products.This experiment was carried out in research farm of damavand in 2019. Evaluate effect of plant density, nitrogen fertilizer and sowing date on yi MoreSweet basil is one of the most widespread spices in the world. leaves are used commonly as a flavoring in many food products.This experiment was carried out in research farm of damavand in 2019. Evaluate effect of plant density, nitrogen fertilizer and sowing date on yield and chemical composition of essential oil of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) .The experimental was conducted a factorial using randomized compelet block design with four replication.The factors were three levels of nitrogen fertilizers: N1= 50 kg/ha, N2= 100 kg/ha, N3= 150 kg/ha and three levels of plant densities:P1=5 cm, P2= 10 cm, P3= 15 cm with two sowing date:S1= 25 April, S2= 10 May.In this evaluation, most stage of plant phonology such as plant height, number of leaf, plant dry weight, leaf of stem, leaf area index, yield of essential oil and percentage of methyl chavicol were measured. The results showed that plant height mean with application of 50 kg/ha had superior point and interaction of N3P2S1 was higher than other levels in plant dry weight on the first and second cutting,, yield of essential oil on the interaction NS had significant at the 1 % level on the first and second cutting and leaf area index were significant on the intraction of PS and NSP on the first and second cutting %5 level which indicates better performance in nitrogen of 150 kg/ha, plant densities of 15 cm and sowing date of 25 April on the first and second cutting. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
105 - Effect of different irrigation and plant density on yield and yield components of Karoun hybrid at Dezful weather conditions
Mahmoud Mousavi Ghanavati Shahram LakIn order to determine the best irrigation and plant density on yield and yield components of hybrid maize Karun plot experiment in a randomized complete block design with three levels of irrigation (watering 1-70 mm evaporation from pan 2. 90 mm evaporation irrigation o MoreIn order to determine the best irrigation and plant density on yield and yield components of hybrid maize Karun plot experiment in a randomized complete block design with three levels of irrigation (watering 1-70 mm evaporation from pan 2. 90 mm evaporation irrigation of 110 mm evaporation from evaporation pan 3) as the main treatment and four densities (9-8-7-6 per square meter) as sub-plots with three replications with three replications was conducted in 2014. The results showed that the number of kernels per row irrigation, seed weight, seed yield, biological yield, plant height, harvest index, leaf area index, number of rows per ear and ear length had a significant effect. The effect of density on row number, grain weight, yield, biological yield, plant height, harvest index, leaf area index, number of rows per ear and ear length was significant. The highest average grain yield 9756 kg per hectare to eight plants per square meter density belonged to 70 mm evaporation statistically with a density of eight plants per square meter with 90 mm evaporation was analyzed in a group and the lowest with an average of 6393 kg per hectare the density per square meter, with 110 mm evaporation which were not. According to the results, it is suggested to avoid the loss of irrigation water saving of 90 mm evaporation is used. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
106 - The effect of using sulfur fertilizer in seedling box and plant density in field on growth and yield of rice Tarom mahali cultivar
S.M Hashemi kamanghar Alahyar Falah Morteza Nasiri In order to investigate the effect of different sulfur levels application with planting densityon yield and yield components of rice of Tarom mahali cultivar, a split plot experimentwas conducted in a completely randomized format with 12 treatments and 4 replicati More In order to investigate the effect of different sulfur levels application with planting densityon yield and yield components of rice of Tarom mahali cultivar, a split plot experimentwas conducted in a completely randomized format with 12 treatments and 4 replications in2011 in Babol. Experimental factors included sulfur at 4 levels (0, 50, 100 and 150 g perseedling box) as the main factor and 3 planting density (30 × 13, 30 × 15 and 30 × 17 cm2)as a secondary factor. Measured traits included plant height, 1000-seed weight, number ofleaves, number of tillers, cluster length, number of pro-empty seeds, Leaf Area Index andseed yield. The results showed that the application of sulfur increased the number of fullgrains in the cluster and also the interaction effects of sulfur application and plantingdensity increased the weight of 1000 grains compared to the control. The results of meancomparison showed that planting density treatment 17× 30 cm2, 100 g of sulfur caused96.65% increase in 1000-seed weight compared to planting density treatment 17× 30 cm2and 50 g of sulfur. Also, the maximum and minimum number of tillers in the mound wereobtained from the combined treatment of planting density 17× 30 cm2 and 150 g of sulfurand planting density 15× 30 cm2 and 150 g of sulfur respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
107 - Effect of foliar application of salicylic acid and naphthalene acetic acid on morphophysiological traits and product parameters of mung bean (Vigna radiate L.)
Amir Faridnia Tayeb SakinejadThis experiment was conducted during 2016 as factorial experiment based on completely randomized block design with 3 replications. The first factor consisted of three levels of naphthalene acetic acid (0, 200 and 400 ppm) and the second factor included three levels of s MoreThis experiment was conducted during 2016 as factorial experiment based on completely randomized block design with 3 replications. The first factor consisted of three levels of naphthalene acetic acid (0, 200 and 400 ppm) and the second factor included three levels of salicylic acid (0, 2 and 4 mM). The results showed growth improvement process in physiological indicators spraying with 200 ppm naphthalene acetic acid and 2 mM salicylic acid was higher, And the least effect on the physiological parameters of growth in the control (without the use of naphthalene acetic acid and salicylic acid). The difference between naphthalene acetic acid levels was significant in terms of plant height, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, 1000 seed weight and grain yield at 1% probability level. The difference between salicylic acid levels was significant in all traits measured at 1% level. In the interaction, 1000-seed weight at the probability level of 5% and grain yield were significant at 1% probability level. the highest grain yield was observed in the interaction of naphthalene acetic acid and salicylic acid with 200 ppm naphthalene acetic acid and 2 mM salicylic acid with 2666 kg ha-1 And the lowest in control treatment (without the use of naphthalene acetic acid and salicylic acid) with 874 kg ha-1. the maximum weight of 1000 seeds In the effect of 200 ppm naphthalenic acetic acid and 2 mM salicylic acid with a weight of 46.8 g and the lowest in the control with 35.4 g. according to these results, application of 200 ppm naphthalene acetic acid and 2 mM salicylic acid increases the morpho-physiological traits and produced components and is also recommended in the region. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
108 - Investigation of the effect of biological fertilizer, vermicompost and vermiwash, on some vegetative and reproductive traits of geranium plant (Pelargonium peltatum)
Tahereh vagheii Sepideh Kalateh Jari Sakineh Saeidisar Marjan DianatIn order to investigate the effect of vermicompost and vermiwash biological fertilizers on experimental growth of geranium plant, an experiment as a factorial form in a randomized complete block design with three replications in 2019 was conducted. The experimental fact MoreIn order to investigate the effect of vermicompost and vermiwash biological fertilizers on experimental growth of geranium plant, an experiment as a factorial form in a randomized complete block design with three replications in 2019 was conducted. The experimental factors were included vermicompost at non-using of 20 and 40% volumetric levels and at non-using of 100 and 200 ppm vermiwash. The results showed that using vermicompost was increased plant height, number of stems, internode length, number of flower stems, flower height, fresh and dry leaves weight, number of leaves per stem, leaf area index, root volume, potassium, nitrogen, phosphorus compared to control. The most plant height and flower height were obtained in 20% vermicompost treatment, and the highest number of shoots,fresh and dry leaves weight leaf area index in 40% vermicompost and the most potassium and phosphorus were obtained in 20 and 40% vermicompost treatment. According to the results, using vermiwash was increased plant height, internode length, number of flowering stems, fresh and dry leaves weight, flower height, shoot fresh and dry weight, number of leaves per stem, root volume, Nitrogen. The most plant height were obtained at 100 ppm vermiwash treatment and the highest flower height in 200 ppm vermiwash treatment. There is an additive effect, so that the highest internode length, shoot fresh weight, root dry weight, 40% vermicompost using with 200 ppm vermiwash, the most number of leaves per stem and fresh and dry leaf weight of 40% vermicompost using with 100 ppm vermiwash, the most root fresh weight of 20% vermicompost using with 200 ppm vermiwash, the most nitrogen concentration in 20% vermicompost treatment with 100 ppm vermiwash, the highest number of flowering shoots from different levels using of vermiwash with %40 vermicompost and non-using and using of 100 ppm with 20% vermicompost were obtained. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
109 - Evaluation of growth, physiological and biochemichal responses of Alnus subcordata endemic seedling to drought stress
Mokaram Ravanbakhsh babak babakhani mahmood ghasemnezhadThis study investigates the effect of drought stress on the morphological, physiological and biochemical parameters of Alnus subcordata C. A. Mey., an endemic wood species to Hyrcanian forests. The experimental design was completely randomized on one-year seedlings and MoreThis study investigates the effect of drought stress on the morphological, physiological and biochemical parameters of Alnus subcordata C. A. Mey., an endemic wood species to Hyrcanian forests. The experimental design was completely randomized on one-year seedlings and four levels of drought stress (25% (severe stress), 50% (moderate stress), 75% (mild stress) and 100% (no stress) of crop capacity. The results showed that drought reduced the growth and biomass of seedlings. The decrease in severe stress treatment compared to the control in seedling height, basal diameter, total biomass, leaf area and specific leaf area were 41.8, 40, 72.4, 91.9 and 49.6% respectively. The root to shoot ratio showed an increase of 53.3%. With the increase of stress, total chlorophyll, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b decreased by 50% and carotenoid decreased by 38.4%. The relative water content of the seedlings decreased by 33.50 and 24.9% in severe and moderate stress compared to the control treatment. The percentage increase of proline and malondealdehyde in the stress treatment compared to the control treatment was 169.8% and 142.7%, respectively. The activity of superoxide dismutase increased by 25% and 36% and peroxidase by 140% and 148% respectively in the mild and moderate stress treatment. The result showed that Caucasian alder seedling (a rather drought-sensitive species) could coped with drought in mild and moderate treatment by tolerance mechanisms such as reducing growth and biomass, increasing of the root to shoot ratio, reducing photosynthetic pigments and relative increasing in enzyme activities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
110 - The effect of cytokinin hormone consumption on improving grain yield and some growth indices of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L) genotypes in Khuzestan province
Mohsen Pourfarokhi tayeb sakinejad شهرام لک ناصر ظریفی نیا Mani MojadamCowpea of the most important crops in sustainable agriculture in terms of biological fixation of nitrogen and high percentage of grain protein. In order effects of cytokinin foliar application on the physiological and functional characteristics of cowpea cultivars, a sp MoreCowpea of the most important crops in sustainable agriculture in terms of biological fixation of nitrogen and high percentage of grain protein. In order effects of cytokinin foliar application on the physiological and functional characteristics of cowpea cultivars, a split-plot experiment was conducted in the form of randomized complete block design(RCBD) with three replications in the summer of 2018 and 2019 crop years in Dezful city. The main factor had three levels (including Mashhad, Local and Arabic cultivars) and the secondary factor was the consumption of cytokinin hormone at three levels (consumption of 0, 100 and 200 ppm). Hormonal foliar spraying was done at the beginning of the flowering stage. The evaluated traits included grain yield, biological yield, harvest index, 100 grain weight, leaf chlorophyll percentage and grain protein percentage. The results of compound analysis showed that there was a significant difference between cultivars for all traits and different amounts of cytokinin consumption, except for the harvest index. The highest grain yield (with an average of 2281 kg/ha) belonged to the Mashhad variety and the lowest yield (with an average of 1386 kg/ha) belonged to the Arabic variety. The highest and lowest grain yield was obtained from the control treatment and the use of 200 ppm cytokinin hormone (with an average of 1864 and 1770 kg/ha, respectively). Increasing the consumption of cytokinin improved quality traits such as chlorophyll index and grain protein. The results showed that choosing the right cultivar and external use of hormones such as cytokinin will improve the quality traits in addition to increasing yield. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
111 - Effect of Managed Deficit Irrigation and Different Fertilizer Levels on Yield and some Physiological Traits of Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa)
Hassan Fatemi Kiyan مریم تاتاری Mohammad Reza Tokalo Masomeh Salehi Kmal Haj Mohammadnia GhalibafThe availability of organic matter in deficit irrigation conditions can be a practical solution to compensate the negative effects of drought stress. In order to investigate the effect of deficit irrigation and chemical fertilizers on yield and some physiological traits MoreThe availability of organic matter in deficit irrigation conditions can be a practical solution to compensate the negative effects of drought stress. In order to investigate the effect of deficit irrigation and chemical fertilizers on yield and some physiological traits of quinoa an experiment was conducted in 2019 as split plot based on a randomized complete block design in two locations (Mashhad and Neishabour). Irrigation levels included, I0: full irrigation, I1: irrigation at emergence stage, I2: irrigation at stem elongation stage, I3: irrigation at flowering stage, I4: irrigation at seed setting stage. Fertilizer treatments included control (no fertilizer application); chemical fertilizer application according to local practices; manure application of 10 tons; and manure application of 20 tons per hectare. Seed yield and yield components, leaf area index, crop growth rate and relative growth rate were measured. The highest 1000-seed weight was obtained in 20 tons of manure and I2 treatment in Neishabour. The lowest 1000-seed weight was obtained in 10 and 20 tons of manure and I1 in Neishabour. The lowest grain yield in I1 treatment was observed in Neishabour and the highest grain yield in I0 treatment with 20 t.ha-1 manure was observed in Mashhad. Fertilizer treatments increased crop growth rate in both experimental sites, but the effect of manure on increasing crop growth rate was greater than the effect of chemical fertilizer. However, due to the high fat content of quinoa, the use of 20 tons of manure per hectare is recommended if it is purely economic. In general, I2 treatment along with the application of manure in both places had high grain yield and dry matter production. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
112 - Effect of Planting Date and Zinc Sulfate on Phenology, Growth Indices and Grain Yield of Lallemantiaiberica (M.B.) Fischer & Meyer
Mina Rostami Farid Shekari Kamran Afsahi Majid KhiyaviThe production of oilseeds, edible leaves, and secondary metabolites of dragon's head makes it an important food, forage, and medicinal plant. Choosing a proper planting date and plant nutrition can make a significant effecton crop plantsgrowth, quality and yield.The ef MoreThe production of oilseeds, edible leaves, and secondary metabolites of dragon's head makes it an important food, forage, and medicinal plant. Choosing a proper planting date and plant nutrition can make a significant effecton crop plantsgrowth, quality and yield.The effects of planting date (16 March, 14 April, and 13 May 2019) and foliar application of zinc sulfate (zero as control, 2 and 4 g.L-1) on growth indices and seed yield of dragon's head was evaluated under a field experiment.Delayed planting date reduced the days to flowering, days to seed ripening, plant height, leaf area index (LAI), crop growth rate (CGR), relative growth rate (RGR) and grain yield, and yield components.In contrast, the use of zinc sulfate increased plant height, LAI, CGR and RGR. There was a correlation between plant height and number of branches and consequently there were more capsules per plant.The highest effect of zinc sulfate application on seed yield and yield components was observed in the first planting date and with delay in planting, the efficiency of zinc sulfate fertilizer application decreased. On the third planting date, zinc sulfate application had no significant effect on grain yield. As a result of late planting, fewer branches, fewer capsules per plant, and smaller seeds contributed to the yield reduction.It was found that early cultivation and application of zinc sulfate increased plant height, number of branches, number of capsules per plant, 1000-seed weight, and thus seed yield, by increasing the days to flowering, days to ripening, LAI, CGR, and RGR. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
113 - Modification of some growth indices in wheat under water deficit conditions
Hamid Dehghanzadeh manouchehr jam negadThe experiment was conducted during 2004-2006 growing seasons at the Agricultural Research Station, Islamic Azad University, Naragh Branch, to evaluate the effects of water deficit on growth indices of three bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars. A split plot exp MoreThe experiment was conducted during 2004-2006 growing seasons at the Agricultural Research Station, Islamic Azad University, Naragh Branch, to evaluate the effects of water deficit on growth indices of three bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars. A split plot experiment based on a randomized complete block design with four replications was used in both years. Irrigation treatments (irrigation after 70 (I1), 90 (I2) and 110 (I3) mm of cumulative evaporation from class A evaporation pan) were considered as the main plot and wheat cultivars (Mahdavy, Sepahan and Roshan-back cross) as subplots. Irrigation after 70 and 90 mm cumulative evaporations did not modify growth indices, significantly. Delay in irrigation from 90 to 110 mm cumulative pan evaporation significantly reduced the growth indices. Pattren of changes in leaf area index (LAI), total dry matter (TDM), net assimilation rate (NAR), and crop growth rate (CGR) were similar in both 70 and 90 mm treatments. At samplings, delay in irrigation from 90 to 110 mm cumulative evaporation lowered the incraese of all growth indices. Pattern of changes in CGR was more similar to LAI but dissimilar to NAR. The results indicated that 22% water could be saved when wheat plants were irrigated after 90 mm of cumulative pan evaporation. However, a decrease of growth indices and grain yield under this water condition was not important. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
114 - Effects of organic and chemical fertilizers of nitrogen on some soil properties and sweet corn traits (var.Gardeh Afshan 400)
Masoumeh Shahmoradi Manouchehr Farboodi Shahram ShahrokhiIn order to study the response of soil properties and sweet corn traits to different levels of organic and chemical fertilizers of nitrogen, a greenhouse­-­laboratory research was carried out as factorial based on a completely randomized design with three replic MoreIn order to study the response of soil properties and sweet corn traits to different levels of organic and chemical fertilizers of nitrogen, a greenhouse­-­laboratory research was carried out as factorial based on a completely randomized design with three replications in Miyaneh Branch, Islamid Azad University. Experimental factors included poultry manure at three levels (0, 20 and 30 ton.ha-1) and nitrogen fertilizer at three levels (0, 100 and 200 kg.ha-1 from urea source). Results showed that application of poultry manure in soil increased soil pH, EC and organic carbon. Also, it had a significant effect on chlorophyll content, plant height and leaf area of sweet corn plants. Application of 20 and 30 ton.ha-1 poultry manure resulted in higher values of the studied traits. However, there was no ­significant differences between 20 and 30 ton.ha-1 poultry manure in most cases and so, application of 20 ton.ha-1 poultry manure was enough for achieving optimal sweet corn growth in greenhouse. According to the results, combined application of 20­ ton.ha-1 poultry manure and 100­ kg.ha-1 nitrogen from urea source could be recommended for optimum nitrogen supplying in sweet corn cropping system. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
115 - Effect of seed priming with salicylic acid on growth characteristics of borage plants (Borago officinalis) seedlings
Farid Shekari ramin Baljani jalal saba kamran Afsahi faribors ShekariGermination and seedlings establishment are critical stages in the plant life under different environmental conditions. For investigation of seed priming effects on borage plants (Borago officinalis) characteristics, an experiment was carried out in a completely randomi MoreGermination and seedlings establishment are critical stages in the plant life under different environmental conditions. For investigation of seed priming effects on borage plants (Borago officinalis) characteristics, an experiment was carried out in a completely randomized block design in four replications. Treatments consisted of seed priming by salicylic acid concentrations (500, 1000, 1500, 2000 µ M), seeds priming by distilled water (hydropriming) and non priming seeds were considered as control. Results showed that priming with salicylic acid had significant effects on emerged seedlings percentage, mean time to emergence, emergence index, fresh and dry weight, leaf area and specific leaf area (SLA). The highest emergence and emergence index of seedlings with the lowest mean time to emergence was observed in 500 µ M concentration of salicylic acid and the highest seedling dry weight and leaf area were found in 2000 µ m salicylic acid. The lowest values among treatments were belong to control followed by hydropriming of seeds treatment. Results indicated that dry weight of seedlings were increased by increasing emergence index and dereasing the mean time to emergence Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
116 - Relationship between yield and yield components in Euroflour sunflower hybrid under water stress
Ebrahim Abbasi Seyahjani Farhad Farhvash Hamdohllah Kazemi Arbat Mohamad Bagher Khorshidi Benam4To investigate the effect of water stress on Euroflour hybrid of sunflower, an experiment was conducted in research field of Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University. Experiment was carried out as a randomized complete block design with three replications. Water stress le MoreTo investigate the effect of water stress on Euroflour hybrid of sunflower, an experiment was conducted in research field of Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University. Experiment was carried out as a randomized complete block design with three replications. Water stress levels were irrigation after 50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 mm evaporation from class A pan. Based on the results, grain yield decreased 25%, 29%, 42% and 51% at irrigation after 100, 150, 200 and 250 mm evaporation traetments in comparison to the control (irrigation after 50 mm evaporation), respectively. Besides, oil yield percentage reduced up to 30%, 36%, 54% and 62% at irrigation after 100, 150, 200 and 250 mm evaporation treatments compared to the control, respectively.Increasing water stress decreased head diameter, 100 seed weight, seed kernel weight, number of filled seeds per head, biomass, chlorophyll content, leaf area index, relative water content, and oil percentage. Water deficit, on the other hand, increased seed hollowness and stomatal resistance. So, Euroflour is a susceptible sunflower cultivar to water deficit and any delayed irrigation will decrease yield through decreasing 100 seed weight and number of filled seeds per head which are the most important components of grain yield in sunflower. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
117 - Corn leaf area variation under different durational interference of natural weed populations
Saeed Reza Yaghoobi In order to study the effect of periodical weed interference on corn leaf area, a field experiment was conducted at Mazandaran university, Iran in 2006. Eight experimental treatments were arranged in randomized complete block design with three replications. More In order to study the effect of periodical weed interference on corn leaf area, a field experiment was conducted at Mazandaran university, Iran in 2006. Eight experimental treatments were arranged in randomized complete block design with three replications. The treatments were represented as weed interference up to 4, 6, 8 and 10-leaf, tasseling, and two weeks after tasseling stages. The weed interference up to harvest and weed-free up to harvest stage treatments were also considered as control. The corn leaf area influenced significantly by periodical weed interference but leaf number per plant was not affected by durational weed interference. Greatest corn leaf area was observed in weed free up to harvest (control) and weed interference up to 4 leaf stage treatments. Increasing weed interference period more than corn 6 leaf stage significantly reduced corn leaf area to lesser than 1 m2 per plant. Long term weed competition changed the corn canopy structure so that the greatest leaf area percentage was attributed to upper levels of canopy. However, leaf area percentage remained constant in lower canopy levels. Results showed that increasing of weed interference period reduced corn leaf area but did not affect leaf numbers per plant and corn compensated this deficiency by changing canopy structure and attributing more leaf area to higher levels of canopy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
118 - Effects of salinity stress on some physiologic characteristics of dill, Anethum graveolens L.
Hamid Noorani Azad Mohammad Reza HajibagheriIn order to study the effect of NaCl salinity on some phisiological characteristics and accumulation of some mineral and organic matters in dill plant, Anethum graveolens L., a completely randomized design was arranged with five salinity levels (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 mM MoreIn order to study the effect of NaCl salinity on some phisiological characteristics and accumulation of some mineral and organic matters in dill plant, Anethum graveolens L., a completely randomized design was arranged with five salinity levels (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 mM NaCl) with four replications. Seeds culturing was done in greenhouse and plants irrigated by Hoagland nutrition solution. Total dry weight, stem length, leaf area, total leaf chlorophyll, total soluble sugars and Na+, K+ and Cl- were measured at the final leaf growth stage. Results showed that total chlorophyll, dry weight, K+ in leaves, leaf area, and stem length significantly decreased with increasing salinity levels, while total soluble sugars increased. In addition, the significant increase of Na+ and Cl- accumulation in the leaves, particularly at high salinity levels caused nutrient deficiency and ionic toxicity. The sugar accumulation at high salinity levels showed their importance in osmoregulation. Manuscript profile
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