Histology

Open Access Article

1 - The histomorphometric study of adult ostrich oviduct in reproductive season.
جلیل Pourhadji ایرج پوستی

The non-carinatae birds or ratites include the biggest birds known, the ostrich and the rhea. Inostrich, the reproductive age mainly begins when the female birds are 2-3 years old. The layingseason varies depending on the region and climate. During laying phase, the ost More

The non-carinatae birds or ratites include the biggest birds known, the ostrich and the rhea. Inostrich, the reproductive age mainly begins when the female birds are 2-3 years old. The layingseason varies depending on the region and climate. During laying phase, the ostrich lays 90–100eggs. The eggs have an approximally size of 155􀂰125 mm and weigh about 1500 (1200-1800)gr. The oviduct of ostrich is divided into five anatomically distinguishable regions namelyinfundibulum, magnum, isthmus, uterus, and vagina. In this evaluation histologic aspects ofoviducts of four adult ostrich were subjected to study. Results indicated that the histology of theoviduct of ostrich largely conforms to their account of avian and Rhea. In the mucous layer:primary folds are seen with secondary folds. The pseudostratified columnar or tall simplecolumnar epithelium of the mucosal fold contains ciliated and non-ciliated cells (Mucosal cells).In subepithelial, there was lamina propria with branched tubular glands. The vagina has noglands in the lamina propria. Beyond the connective tissue of the lamina propria, the oviductwall has layer of smooth musculature. The muscular layer consists of two circularly andlongitudinally directions; the inner lamina of muscular layer consists of circulary disposed fiberssome of which continue into the subepithelial connective tissue to ultimately enter the core ofthe mucosal folds; the outer lamina contains longitudinally arranged fibers and is peripherallybound by a serous covering. Manuscript profile

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2 - Effect of dietary inclusion of Mentha piperita on histomorphometric parameters of bursa of Fabricius, cecal tonsils and thymus of Broiler chickens
Hamedi, S., Shomali, T., Zeinali Tajani, R. .

To evaluate immunostimulatory effects of Mentha piperita on histological characteristics of bursa of Fabricius, cecal tonsils and thymus of broilers 40 male one-day old Ross 308 chickens were randomly allocated into 5 groups of 8 birds in separate cages. Four More

To evaluate immunostimulatory effects of Mentha piperita on histological characteristics of bursa of Fabricius, cecal tonsils and thymus of broilers 40 male one-day old Ross 308 chickens were randomly allocated into 5 groups of 8 birds in separate cages. Four groups received dried M. piperita powder at 10, 20, 40 and 80 g/kg of diet while group 5 birds were kept as control and fed with standard diet. After 6 weeks all birds were slaughtered and samples of bursa, cecal tonsils and thymus were removed. Six-micrometer thick slides were made and stained with H&E for evaluation of histomorphometrical parameters by a linear graticule under light microscope. Data analysis was performed by ANOVA method. Consumption of diet supplemented with M. piperita resulted in a dose-dependent significantly increase in number of follicles and height of plicae in bursa. Villi became shorter and wider in cecal tonsils while the density of follicular units significantly increased. Lobular thickness increased in thymus. The results of this study demonstrate that dietary consumption of M. piperita during rearing period is associated with expansion and stimulation of histological immune structures of bursa, cecal tonsils and thymus in broiler chickens. Manuscript profile

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3 - Anatomical and histomorphometrical study of the Lingua and its Papillae in the Hedgehog (Hemiechinus Auritus)
Paryani, M. R, Kianifar, H., Hamedi, S. .

The present study was carried out to describe the anatomical and histological features and papillae of the tongue in Hedgehog. For this study, five healthy adult male hedgehogs were used in 500 gr average weigh. After euthanized, the tongues were separated from hyoid bo More

The present study was carried out to describe the anatomical and histological features and papillae of the tongue in Hedgehog. For this study, five healthy adult male hedgehogs were used in 500 gr average weigh. After euthanized, the tongues were separated from hyoid bone and the floor of the oral cavity by cutting the root and frenulum linguae and then, tissue samples were fixed in 10% buffered formalin for laboratory operations. Light microscopy observations showed that the dorsal surface of the tongue is formed of three consecutive layers; mucosa, submucosa and muscularis. The mucosal layer in three regions of apex, body and root consists of stratified squamous epithelium with variable degrees of keratinization and contains different types of papillae: filiform, fungiform and vallate-papillae. Filiform papillae were thorn-like with no secondary divisions. Fungiform papillae were dome-shape and aggregated on the lingual body. Two vallate papillae were detected on posterior end of the tongue. These papillae were largest and least numerous. No foliate papilla was observed. Also, revealed that the thickness of epithelium was reduced from the rostral to the caudal. Compare the results of this study to the other reports in rodents showed that hedgehog’s tongue anatomical and histological features is more similar to rabbit’s tongue. Manuscript profile

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4 - Histology and histomorphometric study of selected immune organs in twenty day-old Chukar Partridge
Hamedi, S., Zandi, A.S. .

Considering the important role of lymphatic tissues in Bids' health and the scarce knowledge about histological features of partridge as an industrial species in Iran, the present study investigates histological parameters of lymphatic organs of partridge. Thirty 20-day More

Considering the important role of lymphatic tissues in Bids' health and the scarce knowledge about histological features of partridge as an industrial species in Iran, the present study investigates histological parameters of lymphatic organs of partridge. Thirty 20-days-old male partridges that were reared under similar conditions were used. Data were presented as Mean±SD. Samples from Thymus, thymus, bursa of Fabricius, spleen, cecal tonsils and pylorus tonsils were collected. After fixation and routine histological laboratory methods, 6μm-thick transverse sections were made. The sections were stained with Haematoxylin and eosin and studied under light microscope, also histomorphometric parameters were measured by a linear graticule. Cecal tonsil had a structure consisting of follicular units with a fossula within each follicular unit. The average height of the follicular unit was 1.14±0.11mm, the follicular unit width was 0.31±0.06mm. The bursa of Fabricius was consisting of long thick mucosal folds (plicae). Plicae height was 2.99±0.30mm, the follicular width was 0.49±0.02mm. Thymus has incompletely separated lobules that diameters of the lobules was 0.60±0.07mm. The red pulp of spleen was in the middle of the white pulp. The white pulp thickness was 0.20±0.00mm. The pyloric tonsil has sub mucosal follicles with 0.24 ± 0.44 mm width. Conclusion: In conclusion the present study shows that lymphatic organs of partridges have similarity with that of chickens although with regard to histomorphometric data the lymphatic structures are more extensive in partridges which may describe relatively high immunologic competency in this species. Manuscript profile

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5 - Macroscopic and Microscopic study of Oviduct in guinea fowl
Pourhaji Motab, J., Hashemi, S.R., Alaei Novin, A. .

Guinea fowls are considered of pheasant birds. Reproductive system of birds includes ovary and oviduct. The ovary is connected to the cloaca by oviduct and consists of infundibulum, magnum, isthmus, uterus and vagina. Due to anatomical differences in these organs of bir More

Guinea fowls are considered of pheasant birds. Reproductive system of birds includes ovary and oviduct. The ovary is connected to the cloaca by oviduct and consists of infundibulum, magnum, isthmus, uterus and vagina. Due to anatomical differences in these organs of birds, and because there is scarce knowledge about the oviduct of guinea fowl, this research was performed. For this research 10 female guinea fowl were selected and oviducts were anatomically studied. Then tissue samples were taken, and stained by Hematoxylin and Eosin. Anatomical and histological results were generally similar with other birds. The most prominent anatomical feature of oviduct was the same length of oviduct and body and all oviduct regions except uterus had in the same color. The statistical analyses using Tukey test showed the average size of different parts of active oviduct is greater than inactive oviduct, also this result is significant in magnum, isthmus and uterus and is not significant in the infundibulum and vagina. Histological result showed that the epithelium in oviduct has been seen ciliated pseudostratified columnar. Also Except infundibulum in oviduct, s lumen, there were secondary chains on the primary chains. In lamina propria there were tubular glands that started from the tubular part of infundibulum and disappeared in vagina. Manuscript profile

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6 - Anatomical and Histological study of the Small intestine in See-see (Ammoperdixgriseogularis)
Jalil Pourhaji Motab, Babak Rasouli

The importance of anatomical and histological studies of the small intestine in birds is for autopsy examinations and pathological changes in infectious and metabolic diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the morphometric and morphological features of small More

The importance of anatomical and histological studies of the small intestine in birds is for autopsy examinations and pathological changes in infectious and metabolic diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the morphometric and morphological features of small intestine in See-see. See-see is a kind of partridge that can be found in large areas of Iran. For this research, 7 male and 7 female partridges were randomly selected. Moreover, for histological study, tissue samples were obtained from 3 males and 3 females and were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. The small intestine in See-see contained 61% of the length of the gastrointestinal tract and consisted of 3 distinct sections of the duodenum, the jejunum and the ileum. The duodenum was a U-shaped ring and the jejunum had 4 to 5 small loops. Histologically, the small intestine has many villi in order to create maximum surface to absorb food and goblet cells were observed in all three sections. Although the number of cells and the height of the villi were diverse in different parts of intestine. The submucosa was also a thin layer in all sections and was with no lymphoid structure. The results show that the anatomical and histological structures of duodenum, jejunum and ileum in see-see, despite the slight differences in histomorphology, is similar to birds. Manuscript profile

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7 - Histomorphological study of large intestine development at different ages of african ostrich chickens (struthio camelus)
A. علائی نوین , B. Rasouli محمد Abedi

The morphology of the large intestine in birds is different. In addition to its nutritional role, because of the existence of lymphatic tissue, it plays an important immunological role. The present study was designed and conducted to expand the histological knowledge of More

The morphology of the large intestine in birds is different. In addition to its nutritional role, because of the existence of lymphatic tissue, it plays an important immunological role. The present study was designed and conducted to expand the histological knowledge of the gastrointestinal tract in birds by evaluating the histomorphology of the cecum and colon at different ages. For this purpose, 36 ostrich chicks were selected in 6 age groups. These samples were selected from slaughterhouses around Tehran at the ages of one and fifteen days and one, three, six, and twelve months. In this study, it was found the epithelium of the cecum is pseudostratified and simple columnar, and the number of goblet cells increases with the age of the chickens. The muscularis mucosa at the base of the cecum was indistinct and thin, but clear at the apex of the cecum and colon. The thickness of the muscular layer increased with age the Auerbach plexus were mostly seen between the fibers of the longitudinal layer of the muscular layer. The lymphatic tissue was also observed in follicular shape in the lamina propria of the cecum from the age of six months. Based on the results, it can be concluded that in general, in terms of histomorphological features, the development of the large intestine in ostrich chickens is very similar to other birds, especially the Struthioniformes. However, the differences can be found in the condition of the muscularis mucosa and the distribution and timing of lymphatic tissue formation. Manuscript profile

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8 - Morphological and Histological study of the pecten oculi in Iranian native poultry
, R. Mohammadi , , MR. Paryani , S. Hamedi

Pecten is a fully vascularized and pigmented structure of the eye in avian species which is probably involved in retinal nourishment. The structural features of pecten can be somewhat different in different bird species. With the aim of investigating the histological an More

Pecten is a fully vascularized and pigmented structure of the eye in avian species which is probably involved in retinal nourishment. The structural features of pecten can be somewhat different in different bird species. With the aim of investigating the histological and anatomical structure of pecten in domestic Iranian breed of chickens, 8 chickens (4 hens and 4roosters) were purchased from Chicken Breeding Institute of Mazandaran and after slaughter, the eye balls were removed and fixed in 10% buffered formalin for anatomical and histological evaluations. It was observed that the pecten structure was consisted of 20 lamellae with different heights in both eyes of both sexes. The basal width of lamellae was 0.51±6235 micrometer in roosters and 0.47±6207 micrometer in hens. The heights of lamellae were different in each pecten oculi. Blood sinuses were present at the attachment site of pecten oculi to retina. In conclusion, the number of lamellae of pecten oculi in domestic Iranian breed of chickens is more similar to quails and turkeys while the size of their pecten oculi is close to galah parrots and domestic chickens with histological features similar to other species.  Manuscript profile

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9 - Study of kidney anatomy and microscopic of renal proximal and distal tubules of middle and posterior part of kidney tissue in Oncorhynchus mykiss and Astronotus ocellatus
. S Mohammadalipour Iraj pousty , S Hesaraki

The present study was conducted to compare the histology of renal proximal tubules (I) and (II) in two species (Rainbow trout and Oscar). Rainbow trout, known as Oncorhynchus mykiss scientific name from the Salmonidae family which is cultivated and freshwater. Oscar fis More

The present study was conducted to compare the histology of renal proximal tubules (I) and (II) in two species (Rainbow trout and Oscar). Rainbow trout, known as Oncorhynchus mykiss scientific name from the Salmonidae family which is cultivated and freshwater. Oscar fish, the scientific name is Astronotus Ocellatus, which is one of the most well-known ornamental fish of the Chichlidae family. Five piece of the two fish species were selected randomly and their macroscopic specification and morphometric measurements were recorded. Samples were fixed in %10 formalin buffer and the cuts were prepared with a thickness of five micron and then they were stained by Hematoxylin and eosin and Periodic acid–Schiff method and studied by light microscopy. The data were analyzed with SPSS software and T-Test statistical test (P <0.05). Proximal and distal tubes were detected and the variables were measured. The size of the cell nucleus and the outer diameter of the proximal (I) had a significant difference (P<0.01). There has been significant difference in the number and the size of cell and its nucleus, the inner and outer diameter of the proximal II between two species (P<0.001). The number, cell size of the distal tubules has been significant difference between two species (P<0.01). The size of the cell nucleus, the inner and outer diameter of the distal tubules have been significant difference between two species (P<0.001). According to the results, the anatomy and histology of kidney tissue are different in the Rainbow trout and Oscar fish.  Manuscript profile

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10 - Anatomical and histological study of esophagus and crop in muscovy duck (Cairina moschata)
Jalil Pourhaji Sayyed Rashid Hashemi

Introduction: Esophagus for foodstuffs transfer, Crop for food storage are important organs in avian digestive system. Ducks habitat is more in water and they have many varieties species. There is no anatomical and histological research performed on esophagus and crop i More

Introduction: Esophagus for foodstuffs transfer, Crop for food storage are important organs in avian digestive system. Ducks habitat is more in water and they have many varieties species. There is no anatomical and histological research performed on esophagus and crop in muscovy duck, so this research was done. Material and methods: For this research 20 male and female muscovy duck)for anatomical study) were selected and esophagus and crop were studied anatomically. Then histological study on esophagus and crop was done with haematoxylin and eosin staining. Results: Anatomical results showed cervical esophagus was longer than thorasis esophagus. Crop was small and spindle shape. There are also longitudinal chains in lumen. Esophagus and the crop in male are larger than female. Histological results showed epithelium of the esophagus is stratified squamous. The lamina propria was thick and has many mucous glands. In Below of mucosal glands observed of A thick layer of lamina muscularis. It was consisted of smooth muscle. Epithelium of crop was stratified squamous keratinized epithelium. Conclusion: The esophagus and crop were similar in two sexes, and there is no significant anatomical and histological differences between the sexes. The average length and width of esophagus and crop in males are larger than females. This difference is significant in crop length.     Manuscript profile

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11 - LC50 Evaluation Of Potassium Permanganate Disinfectant Effects on Microorganisms Histology Of Skin and Gills Of Grass Carp Ctenopharyngodon idella) (Valenciennes1844
Fatemeh Jooyandeh Ali SadeghPour Hossain Khara Zabieh Ullah Pajand

Inroduction and Objective: Disinfectants, to destroy or disable pathogenic microorganisms such as bacteria, algae, viruses, etc. are used. Performance is a complex function of several variables, a disinfectant, such as the type and amount the material and the type and c More

Inroduction and Objective: Disinfectants, to destroy or disable pathogenic microorganisms such as bacteria, algae, viruses, etc. are used. Performance is a complex function of several variables, a disinfectant, such as the type and amount the material and the type and concentration of microorganisms, contact time, water quality, etc. So, in many cases it's best to choose an appropriate disinfectant, is an in vitro study. The aim of this study was to determine concentrations tolerated by potassium permanganate in fish carp and their impact on the flora of skin and tissue of the gills are.Material and Methods: Experiment with 5 treatments and a control (each with three replicates) at the Institute of International Sturgeon doctor Rasht Dadman phenomenon in the summer of 1391. Toxicity Testing in the 25-liter tank, two-thirds filled with water and were aerated for 24 hours, were conducted. weighted average of 10 fish per tank storage was 3.74± 0.45 g. The first, LC10, LC50, LC90 at 96 hours in residence on the 180 grass carp fish concentrations were determined by the logarithmic method. Within 96 hours of the end of the gill tissue was studied histologically.Results: The results showed that the gills after exposure in the presence of potassium permanganate phenomena such as congestion, adhesions secondary gill filaments and cell necrosis (low), hyperplasia, atrophy of primary and secondary fibers were seen clubbing. After 96 h of exposure to concentrations determined in order to evaluate in terms of total bacteria, CFU skin biopsy was performed. And results in skin samples treated 0.25 milligrams per liter compared with the other treatments and the control of bacteria were lower.ConclusionIn general we can say based on LC50 96h, this antiseptic is very toxic to fish carp with respect to the influence of physicochemical factors on the toxicity of these substances on fish, can be in different conditions will show different results.Visitors will be different. Manuscript profile

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12 - The Histological Study Of Ovarian Development Of Pike Esox Luciusin Anzali Marsh
Ali Khodadoust Hossein Khara Vahid Taghi Zadeh Mohammad Reza Imanpoor

Inroduction and Objective: Pike(Esox Lucius) is one of the important economical fish in Caspian Sea region which is living in areas such as wetlands and rivers in which covered with aquatic plants. The reproduction of this fish naturally occurs in freshwater ecosystems. More

Inroduction and Objective: Pike(Esox Lucius) is one of the important economical fish in Caspian Sea region which is living in areas such as wetlands and rivers in which covered with aquatic plants. The reproduction of this fish naturally occurs in freshwater ecosystems. The aim of this study was the investigation in ovarian development stages of pike broodstocks, which is the important indicator for fish reproduction biology and also there is little documents available about it.Histological pictures were employed for growth survey and evolution of gonads in pike.Materials and Methods: In order to histology and determination of sexual maturation stages, 50 ovaries were studied. Fixed Samples were studied by light microscope.Results:The sexual maturation stages showed that ovaries of pikes were in stages II (spring and summer), III (summer and autumn), IV and V (winter). Also, the highest value of absolute fecundity determined as much as 13609.347 in autumn and the highest value of Gonadosomatic index determined as much as 4.063 at the first half of winter. Conclusion: The results showed that pike is spawning at once. Manuscript profile

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13 - Study of Changes Kidney Tissue of White Albino NMRI Mice affected by the Gasoil
Nasim Naeimi Zohreh Fazlollahi Hamid reza Adeli Kobra Zare Nima Mehrabi

Inroduction & ObjectiveGasoil is one of mostly-used oil products applied as diesel fuel, for instance, which, since it consists of aromatic compounds, is among the most important environmental pollutants. Considering its harmful effects on living organisms and human bei More

Inroduction & ObjectiveGasoil is one of mostly-used oil products applied as diesel fuel, for instance, which, since it consists of aromatic compounds, is among the most important environmental pollutants. Considering its harmful effects on living organisms and human beings, the purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of gasoil ingestion on kidney factors of white Albino NMRI mice.Materials and Methods:40 adult mice, with an average weight of 28 grams, were placed in four groups. Adult male mice were placed in two groups including a control group and a treatment group and adult female mice were divided into two groups of control and treatment. For 14 days, the treatment groups were fed once per day with 0.2cc of pure gasoil solution with a ratio of 6.6 mg/kg of the mice’s weightAfter weighing, anesthesia and macroscopic and microscopic studies of through the slides prepared, the desired parameters measured using the software motik. Then, the analyses were performed using SPSS V:19 software.ResultsIn the male and female extreatmentgroupscompared to thecontrol group in Variations in kidney tissue,indicated a significantrelationship(Pthe outercortex(except theinnercortex) kidney(30%,40%), increased thickness of the internal and externalmedulla(20%,21%). Reduced diameter of the proximal (43%) and distal tubule(30%), increased diameter of collecting tubule(60%,30%).Conclusion: Due to the increased use of gasoil and generalization of the results of the present research to human kidney tissue damage, this substance imposes irrecoverable damages on human health. Hence, necessary measures should be taken by authorities for replacing, reducing its effects and raising public awareness of the methods of dealing with its effects. Manuscript profile

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14 - Study Effects Of Hydroalcoholic Extract Of Melisa Officinalis in the Treatment Of Acetic Acid Induced Gastric Ulcer in Rats
تکرخ اشتری توان دشتی مهدی رهنما شهرزاد نصیری سمنانی

Inroduction and Objective:Peptic ulcer involved mucous extras and good heal under mucous in the wall of stomach. This decease usually is from the most known digest deceases, the plant drugs as compare with the chemical drugs had lower side effects and in contrast of che More

Inroduction and Objective:Peptic ulcer involved mucous extras and good heal under mucous in the wall of stomach. This decease usually is from the most known digest deceases, the plant drugs as compare with the chemical drugs had lower side effects and in contrast of chemical drugs that maybe had interfere with another compounds of body or produced a poison in the body, hasn’t interfere effects. Melisa officinalis have biologic effects such as calmness and antioxidant effects. In this research studied the effects of hydroalcoholic nectar of leaf ofMelisa officinalis plant over the peptic ulcer result of acid acetic on the RatMaterial and Methods: In this experimental study prepared hydraulic nectar of melisa officinalis plant. 60heads of female mousse in weight of 250-200 divided accidently to four 15groups, control group, Sham group (normal receiver of Salin) experiment1 group (extract of does 200 mg/kg) experiment2 group (extract of does 400 mg/kg). Mousse suffered form peptic ulcer through injection of acid acetic. After a day the rats treated for 14days through nectar process. Then the sample of stomach in the forth, tenth seventh and fourteen days excited and after measuring the sizes of wounds and fitting with formalin 10% , passage stages, performed tissue cut and coloring method and finally investigated the histology parameters.Results:the results showed that the nectar of Melisa officinalis result in meaningful increase of improving the wound in the experiment group 1 and 2 as compare with Sham and control groups, in the experiment group 2 improving the wound as compare with the experiment group 1 had meaningful increase. The inflammation factors and fibroblasts showed the meaningful decrease as compare with control and Sham group and showed meaningful reduction in the next days and the experiment group 2 showed meaningful reduction from froth day.Conclusion:Melisa officinalishas high recover ability in treatment of peptic ulcer result of acid acetic Manuscript profile

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15 - The Effects of Wharton's Jelly Mesenchymal Stem Cells Associated with Gum of Pistacia atlanticafor Burn Wound Healing
الهام حویزی

Background: Burn is a common wound in the world and consider the novel methods such as cell therapy can be a helpful strategy in the treatment. The purpose of the present study is investigating the effects of using ointment of animal oil mixed with Gum of Pistacia atlan More

Background: Burn is a common wound in the world and consider the novel methods such as cell therapy can be a helpful strategy in the treatment. The purpose of the present study is investigating the effects of using ointment of animal oil mixed with Gum of Pistacia atlantica associated wharton's jelly mesenchymal stem cells (WJMSCs) on rat third-degree burn models. Methods:In this experimental study, WJMSCs were extracted from human umbilical cord. For this study, 28 Wistar rats were burned by heating a metal rod of 1cm in diameter and then randomly divided into the control (7 rats) and treatment (21 rats) groups. The treatment group was divided into three groups (each group of 7 rats) of daily scrubbingof ointment, cell therapy, and cell therapy+ ointment. 106 cells (passage3) were injected into each rat subcutaneously. On day 30 after treatment, animals killed by chloroform and histological sections were prepared by staining Hematoxylsene-Eosin (H&E) and Trichromosone done for microscopic study. Results: Macroscopic and microscopic results indicated that in the experimental groups, the recovery was significantly more than the control. Also, the cell therapy+ ointment was significantly more effective than ointment and cell alone after 30 days. Histological analysis demonstrated a significant increase in angiogenesis, collagen synthesis, number of cells, thickness of skin layers, and totally acceleration wound healing in experimental groups compared to controls. Conclusion: Based on these data, it can be suggested that simultaneous cell-therapy and traditional medicine accelerate the repair of skin burns in the animal models more significantly. Manuscript profile

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16 - Histology, Histochemistry and Histomorphometry Study of Tympanic Membrane in the Adult River Buffalo
سید رشید هاشمی فرهاد سلطانعلی نژاد غلامرضا نجفی رسول شهروز

Inroduction & Objective:Buffalo is an economic animal in Livestock areas. Buffalo has two types: swamp buffalo and river buffalo. The tympanic membrane or ear drum  is a thin membrane that separates the outer ear from the middle ear. There is no histological an More

Inroduction & Objective:Buffalo is an economic animal in Livestock areas. Buffalo has two types: swamp buffalo and river buffalo. The tympanic membrane or ear drum  is a thin membrane that separates the outer ear from the middle ear. There is no histological and histochemical research performed on this organ in buffalo. Material and Method:For this study 8 heads of  male and female buffalo were purchased from slaughterhouse and their tympanic membrane were studied histomorphometry , histological  and histochemically with H&E, Verhoff, PAS and MTC staining. Results: The result showed Tympanic membrane had three layers of Epithelial layer, connective tissue and mucosal layer. In Epithelial layer Epithelium was stratified squamous and in  mucosal layer epithelium  was simple squamous. Connective tissue wasvery thick and its collagen fibers types was arranged in radial and circular manner. The most types of connective cells were fibroblast. Collagen and elastic fibers were in both parts of tympanic membrane, but pars flaccida of tympanic membrane had more elastic fibers and in contrast it’s pars tensa of tympanic membrane had more collagen fibers. The highest density of collagen fiber observed in left tympanic membrane of female buffalo and lowest density of collagen fiber was in left tympanic membrane of male buffalo. Conclusion: Overalls result showed tympanic membrane in buffalo had Similarities and differences with  ruminants and other animals. Manuscript profile

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17 - Histological Study of Middle Ear Ossicles in Adult River Buffalo
سید رشید هاشمی رسول شهروز فرهاد سلطانعلی نژاد غلامرضا نجفی

Inroduction & Objective:The smallest bones in the body is located in the middle ear. It transmits air from the outer ear to the inner ear  and this ossicle important in physiology and pathology . There is no study performed on the histology of middle ear bones More

Inroduction & Objective:The smallest bones in the body is located in the middle ear. It transmits air from the outer ear to the inner ear  and this ossicle important in physiology and pathology . There is no study performed on the histology of middle ear bones in the buffalo. Material and Method: For this study, eight male and female buffalos heads were selected from the slaughterhouse. Then histological section was taken from the middle ear ossicles and histologically stained by haematoxylin-eosin staining. At the end the middle ear ossicles were studied histology  and the internal structure of the ossicels and joints between them was studied. Results: The histological results showed middle ear ossicles in buffalo was Compact bone and It has synovial joints.The joint between malleus bone and incus bone and The joint between incus bone and stapes bone had diarthrosis joint and a articular capsule covered the outside of the articular space. This articular capsule was thicker in the joint between the malleus bone and incus bone than the incus bone and stapes bone. Around the foot plate of the staped bone obseves annular ligament that connected the joints of the stapes bone to the ventral window. Conclusion: The results of the present study can provide basic information for other researchers to physiology and pathology in this regard. Manuscript profile

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18 - Histophysiological and histochemical study of the intestine in golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) with emphasis on Goblet cells
Fatemeh Pourvali seyed Mehdi Banan. Khojasteh Masood Delashoob

Inroduction & Objective: The intestines are an important organ in the body of rodents due to the digestion and absorption of food and water, digestive digestion, microbial activity, production of immunoglobulin. The aim of this study was to investigate the histology More

Inroduction & Objective: The intestines are an important organ in the body of rodents due to the digestion and absorption of food and water, digestive digestion, microbial activity, production of immunoglobulin. The aim of this study was to investigate the histology of the golden hamster intestine and its goblet cells using histological and histochemical techniques.Material and Methods: Five adult and healthy male golden hamsters with an average weight of 120 g were prepared from experimental animal. After sampling from different parts of the intestine and preparing tissue sections, tissue samples were stained by Hematoxylin-Eosin, Periodic Acid Schiff and Alcian Blue methods and then studied by light microscope and the necessary micrographs for Histological studies were prepared .Results:In histopathological study, small and large intestine have 4 layers of mucosa, submucosa, muscular layer and serosa. The intestinal epithelium was consisted of simple columnar cells with a basal oval nucleus, that Mucus secreting goblet cells were seen among the columnar cells which both acidic and neutral mucus were secreted by these cells. It should be noted that the number of goblet cells increased from duodenum to colon and it was positive in PAS and Alcian Blue.Conclusion: The results show that the anatomical and histological structure of the golden hamster intestine, despite minor differences, is very similar to that other rodents. Manuscript profile

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19 - Effect of Methionine Deficiency on Histological Features of Selective Immune Organs in Japanese Quail
امیررضا حشم پیشه سمیه حامدی

Inroduction & Objective: Methionine (Met) being the first limiting amino acid in maize/soybean-based quail diets, its supplementation provides scope for improvement of protein quality and reduction of dietary protein concentration. Material and Methods: To evaluat More

Inroduction & Objective: Methionine (Met) being the first limiting amino acid in maize/soybean-based quail diets, its supplementation provides scope for improvement of protein quality and reduction of dietary protein concentration. Material and Methods: To evaluate the effects of methionine deficiencyon histology of selective lymphatic organs of Japanese quail, 20 one-day old quails were randomly allocated into 2 groups of 10 birds. One group received methionine deficientdietwhile another group of birds was fed withstandard diet as control. After 6 weeks, all birds were sacrificed and bursa of Fabricius, thymus, caecal tonsils and spleen were removed immediately and after processing by routine histological methods. Results: Histomorphometric assays were performed by Axio vixion Rel4.8 software. Data were expressed as Mean±SD. Data analysis was performed by Independent samples T test method and differences considered statistically different at p<0.05. Results showed that dietary methionin deficiency adversely affects histological features of bursa of Fabricius, caecal tonsils and thymus that causes statistically decreasein the plicae height and follicle numbers in bursa of Fabricius, decrease in follicular number of nodular unit of caecal tonsils and decrease in lobular width ofthymus. Whereasspleen showed no changes in their histological aspects. Conclusion: It would be possible that above reduced parameters are caused by a reduction in cell production although rising in migration and transferring abilities of cells to their peripheral tissues may also be important. Thelack of considerable changes in the spleen may be due to compensatory mechanisms that require further investigation to determine the definitive cause of these events. Manuscript profile

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20 - Effect of feeding by yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) as a probiotic, in contrast with salinity stress and on intestinal histology in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fry
M. Pooramini A. Kamali A. Hajimoradloo R. Ghorbani M. Alizadeh

            Improvement of growth and resistance against the environmental stress is one of the main functions of probiotics. In this study, the strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. elipsoidous was tested as a pr More

            Improvement of growth and resistance against the environmental stress is one of the main functions of probiotics. In this study, the strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. elipsoidous was tested as a probiotic in the diet of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fry (163±26.27mg) during 25 days after yolk absorption. The yeast was added to the diet plates in three levels (1, 5, 10% w/w) and with three triplications. Besides, a treatment with cod oil (without yeast) was used and the results were compared with that of control group. The yeast effect on rainbow trout fry mortality was not significant along the rearing period. Histological finding showed no difference in the treatments too. Challenging with different levels of salinity after 24 hours showed that treatments contained yeast as a probiotic had 100% survival (p>0.05) and showed significant differences with cod oil treatment (without yeast) and control (p<0.05). Manuscript profile

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21 - Histological study of ovarian development of Eurasian Perch (Peca fluvitilis L. 1758) in Amirkelaye wetland of Lahijan (southern Caspian Sea basin)
mohamad Vafajouy Dianati ali bani Re Kazemi

Abstract[1]Female gonadogenesis stage in perch, (perca fluviatilis Linnaeus, 1758) described based on 87 pieces caught by gillnet in Amirkelayeh wetland of Lahijan from December 2010 to November 2011. To perform this experience, ovaries were staged after dissecting, the More

Abstract[1]Female gonadogenesis stage in perch, (perca fluviatilis Linnaeus, 1758) described based on 87 pieces caught by gillnet in Amirkelayeh wetland of Lahijan from December 2010 to November 2011. To perform this experience, ovaries were staged after dissecting, then fixed in formalin for histological process. Tissue samples were sectioned at 5-7 μm, before staining with Mayer’s Haematoxylin and Eosin. Variations of gonad maturation were divided to six stages; immature, previtellogenic, early vitellogenesis, late vitellogenesis, final oocyte maturation and spent stage. The studies showed a single ovulation and a short spawning period. Also a long vitellogenic stage (November-February) and existence of one active clutch which develop oogenesis in ovary confirmed total spawning in perch of Amirkelaye wetland.  * Corresponding Authors; Email: dianati3650@ yahoo.com Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

22 - Effect of methionine deficiency on small intestinal histology in Japanese quail
Ashkan Khalkhali somayeh hamedi mohammadreza paryani

10.30495/jvcp.2020.670681

Background and purpose: Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) is a small size bird with big economical profits. This species is a good "dual-purpose" bird and is now reared for the meat and egg production. Quails have relatively early maturity and may be used as an experim More

Background and purpose: Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) is a small size bird with big economical profits. This species is a good "dual-purpose" bird and is now reared for the meat and egg production. Quails have relatively early maturity and may be used as an experimental model due to their fast development, small size, etc. Moreover, because of high mortality due to emergence of new and reemergence of existing diseases in chickens, quails are being reared as they are more resistant to common poultry diseases. Methionine (Met) is a sulfur-containing amino acid with the biological functions including involvement in synthesis of eukaryotic proteins, defense against oxidative stress, methylation reactions and so on. Met also has a role in avian immune function and the nutrient digestibility in the intestine. Changes in small intestine morphology can alter absorption rate, weight gain and performance of the animal because of its important role in digestive tract for absorption. From the other point of view, alteration in the ingredients of diet may lead to a change in the intestinal mucosa and subsequently alteration in poultry performance. Thus, the aims of this study were to investigate the effect of Met deficiency on the development of the small intestine (duodenum, jejunum and ileum) and the goblet cell population in Japanese quails.Materials and methods: To evaluate the Met deficiency as a vital amino acid on histology of small intestine of Japanese quail, 20 male one-day old quails were randomly allocated into 2 groups of 10 birds. One group received Met deficient diet while another group of birds were kept as control with standard diet for 6 weeks. At the end of the experiment, all animals sacrificed by cervical dislocation. Whole length small intestine was removed immediately and immersed in 10% buffered formalin. After fixation, 1cm-thick samples were taken from the middle parts of duodenum (from the gizzard to pancreatic and bile duct), jejunum (from the bile duct to Meckel’s diverticulum) and ileum (from the Meckel’s diverticulum to ileo-cecal-colonic junction). After routine histological laboratory methods, 6μm-thick transverse cross-sections were made, a total number of 10 sections used from each intestinal segment of each bird; sections stained with Haematoxylin and Eosin and Periodic acid-Schiff. For measuring length and width of villi, depth of crypts and goblet cells number Axio vixion Rel 4.8 software were used. Data were expressed as Mean±SD. Data analysis was performed by Independent-Samples T Test method and differences considered statistically significant at p < /p> Manuscript profile

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23 - Histologic and histomorphometric study of epididymis after immobilization stress in mice
esmaiel safavi hadi khayyatnouri

Immobilization stress as a physical and psychological stress, has adverse effects on various body tissues. Numerous studies have been conducted on the effects of stress on reproductive system and fertility. The Main aim of this study is evaluation of effect of immobiliz More

Immobilization stress as a physical and psychological stress, has adverse effects on various body tissues. Numerous studies have been conducted on the effects of stress on reproductive system and fertility. The Main aim of this study is evaluation of effect of immobilization stress on epididymal tissue in mice. In this study 140 adult male mice were randomly divided in to 7 groups as test and 7 groups as control animals. In test groups,the animals were subjected to immobilizationstress for 1, 3, 7, 15, 30 and 60 days respectively. In control groups,the animals were only handled. After the experimental periods, blood samples were collected for measurements of serum cortisol and testosterone and epididymal tissue samples were obtained for histologic and histomorphometric study. The results of this study showed that level of testostrone in all test groups significantly decreased in comparison tothe control groups(p<0/05). Cortisol level in test group at 1, 3, 7, and15 days significantly increased (p<0/05) and in other groups no significant difference was observed. Histological study showed that in groups which were stressed for 30,45 and 60 days ,in head ,body and tail of epididym ,diameter of tubules were decreased  and interstitial tissue significantly increased (p<0/05). thickness of epithelium in head and body of epididym and in the tail region significantly decreased (p<0/05) in groups which were under stress for 15, 30, 45 and 60 days and 30, 45and 60 days respectively (p<0/05). Result of this study confirmed adverse effect of immobilization stress on epididymal tissue with increasein time of stress, side effects also increases. Manuscript profile

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24 - Histological and Anatomical Study of Tympanic bulla in Adult River Buffalo
Sayyed Rashid Hashemi Farhad Soltanalinejad Gholamreza Najafi Rasoul Shahrooz Hojat Anbara

Buffalo has a special role in the economy of more than forty countries and theirs numbers and distributions is growing every year. Tympanic bulla content middle ear. There is no anatomical and histological research performed on this organ in buffalo. For this study 16 a More

Buffalo has a special role in the economy of more than forty countries and theirs numbers and distributions is growing every year. Tympanic bulla content middle ear. There is no anatomical and histological research performed on this organ in buffalo. For this study 16 adult male and female buffalo's head were provided from slaughter house and their tympanic bulla were studied comparative anatomical and histologically, then tissue samples were obtained and paraffin sections were prepared for using of staining method Haematoxylin and eosin. Anatomical results showed tympanic bulla in male and female buffalo’s was similar large, extended and elliptical . Bone wall was thin and fragile. Muscular process in tympanic bulla was unique and non- sharp. Ossicles and tympanic membrane tympanic were observed in depth of tympanic bulla. Histological results showed bones of tympanic bulla in male and female buffalo’s was trabecular bone. Epithelium of tympanic bulla was simple squamous epithelium in most parts. In the terminal part of tympanic bulla ( near to middle ear) epithelium was pseudostratified ciliated columnar. The average measurement of parameters showed the size of tympanic bulla ossicles in female is larger than male, and right side also was larger than left side. Statistical analysis Tuckey showed these differences were not significant (p≤0/05). Manuscript profile

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25 - Histological study gill blue swimming crab (Portunus pelagicus)
seyede saeedeh Heidarinejad

Crab are one of the most important commercial group between the Crustaceans. Portunidae family crabs called floating blue crabs. One of the known species of this family are Portunus pelagicus(blue swimming crab), which have enormous economic importance. In this animals, More

Crab are one of the most important commercial group between the Crustaceans. Portunidae family crabs called floating blue crabs. One of the known species of this family are Portunus pelagicus(blue swimming crab), which have enormous economic importance. In this animals, gill play an important role in breathing and osmotic reggulation. The aim of this study, evaluating of histological changes gill tissues in blue swimming crab. In this study, 10 blue crabs sampled from the Persian Gulf. then taking a piece of gill tissue and gills samples was fixaed and 5 – 6 µ thick sections from tissue were made and stained by hematoxylin and eosin H&E and then by using a light microscope slides prepared gill tissue was studied. Histological alternations in gill tissues in blue swimming crab were observed , epithelium anterior gills was thin and pillar cells was connected beside of epithelium and formed holes that hemeolymph fluid amonge these. Manuscript profile

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26 - Anatomical and histological study of male reproductive system in guinea fowl: Testis, Epididymis, Ductus deferens
Jalil Pourhaji Motab abbas alaee novin Mohsen Sheikh Olia Lavasani Sayyed Rashid Hashemi

Guinea fowls are considered of pheasant birds. Since anatomical and histological differences were reported in the male reproductive system, and there is no anatomical and histological research performed on reproductive system of guinea fowl, this study was performed on More

Guinea fowls are considered of pheasant birds. Since anatomical and histological differences were reported in the male reproductive system, and there is no anatomical and histological research performed on reproductive system of guinea fowl, this study was performed on the male reproductive system of guinea fowl in Sexual and non-sexual period. For this research 10 male guinea fowl were selected and reproductive system were anatomically studied. Then tissue samples were taken, and stained by Haematoxylin and Eosin. Anatomical and histological results were similar to other birds. Anatomical results showed the left testis was larger than the right testis, and in the sexual period it was almost twice than the non-sexual period. Epididymis was an elliptical disk shape and there was no head, body, and tail. Epididymis there was in the mediodorsal of the testis. Ductus deferens was also seen as a zigzag duct. In the histological study, there was no Mediastinum testis. Straight tubules was after seminiferous tubules and connected to rete testis, and this epithelium was Simple cuboidal epithelium or squamous epithelium. Sertoli cells with a big nucleus and euchoromatin extending to the epithelium depth, and leydig cells was spherical shape and there was in between seminiferous tubules. Epithelium of ductus deferens was similar to epididymis, but there was no epithelial gland in it. Manuscript profile

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27 - توسعه تشکیل اتصال پیوند و مشاهدات بافت شناسی در کاکتوس تحت تاثیر بنزیل آدنین، روش پیوند و پایه
نجمه کمال زاده سید مهدی میری نوشین قاضی جهانی

ارقام جذاب و رنگارنگی از کاکتوس توسعه پیدا کرده اند که عمدتا از طریق پیوند تکثیر میشوند. هدف از این مطالعه تعیین فرایند بافت شناسی در طی تشکیل اتصال پیوند در کاکتوس Gymnocalycium تحت تأثیر کاربرد BA (بنزیل آدنین)، روش پیوند و پایه بود. ابتدا بخش انتهایی پیوندک More

ارقام جذاب و رنگارنگی از کاکتوس توسعه پیدا کرده اند که عمدتا از طریق پیوند تکثیر میشوند. هدف از این مطالعه تعیین فرایند بافت شناسی در طی تشکیل اتصال پیوند در کاکتوس Gymnocalycium تحت تأثیر کاربرد BA (بنزیل آدنین)، روش پیوند و پایه بود. ابتدا بخش انتهایی پیوندکها و بالایی پایهها در غلظتهای 0، 100 و 500 میلیگرم در لیتر محلول BA به مدت 10 ثانیه غوطهور شدند، سپس پیوندکها به روش افقی یا گوهای روی پایههای Lemaireocereus marginatus  و Myrtillocactus geometrizans پیوند زده شدند. برشهای طولی از محل پیوند بطور هفتگی برای مشاهده روند تشکیل پیوند تهیه شد. پایهها تاثیر معنیداری در موفقیت پیوند و رشد پیوندک نداشتند، در حالی که میزان موفقیت پیوند درGymnocalycium  هایی که بطور افقی پیوند شده بودند بهتر بود. میزان گیرایی پیوند و رشد پیوندک با استفاده از BA در مقایسه با شاهد افزایش یافت و بهترین نتیجه با تیمار سطح پیوندک و پایه با 100 میلی گرم در لیتر BA بدست آمد. مشاهدات بافتشناسی نشان داد که فرآیند اتصال پیوند شامل توسعه یک لایه نکروز نازک، تشکیل کالوس در خط اتصال پیوند، تمایز کامبیوم و آغازش عناصر آوندی جدید، توسعه بافت آوندی جدید و اتصال دسته های آوندی پیوندک و پایه میباشد. BA باعث تکثیر سریع بافت کالوس بین پیوندک و پایه و همچنین تمایز عناصر آوندی گردید. روش پیوند افقی و استفاده از BA (100 میلیگرم در لیتر) بر روی سطوح برش خورده پیوندک و پایه بهعنوان یک روش آسان و قابل اعتماد برای اتصال پیوند موفق در کاکتوسGymnocalycium  پیشنهاد میگردد که ممکن است در تولید تجاری سایر گونههای کاکتوس نیز استفاده بالقوه داشته باشد. Manuscript profile

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28 - Histological study of the Flower horn fish gills (Flower horn) fed different levels of hydrolyzed cow skin
A. Veisi A. Vosoughi A. Dadgar

The present study fulfilled to investigate possible changes in the structure of the gills of Flower horn fishes fed diets containing different levels of cow skin hydrolyze. For this purpose, 216 Flower horn fishes with mean weight of 0.95 ± 0.2 g and the mean len More

The present study fulfilled to investigate possible changes in the structure of the gills of Flower horn fishes fed diets containing different levels of cow skin hydrolyze. For this purpose, 216 Flower horn fishes with mean weight of 0.95 ± 0.2 g and the mean length of 3.7 ± 0.2 cm were fed for 100 days with levels of 20 percent (T1), 40 percent (T2), 60 percent (T3), 80 percent (T4), 100 percent (T5) replacement hydrolyzed cow skin instead of fish meal. Control diet (T6) had no hydrolyzed cow skin. The results indicated that the gills of fishes fed with level 0, 20 and 40 percent cow skin hydrolyze were healthy and certain symptoms in the gills were not found. In the gills of  fishes fed with diet containing 60 percent cow skin hydrolyze, symptoms such as mild hyperplasia in the secondary lamella and mild skin lesions were observed. In some gill tissue samples from treatment (T4) some secondary lamella  were wide. In the gill treatment T5, tissue lesions were more. Cutaneous lesions in the secondary lamella, shortage and  lengthening of some secondary strings and Aneurysm (hyperemia) in the secondary lamella, were lesions that were observed in the gill tissue samples of treatment T5.  From the above findings, it can be concluded that with the increase in cow skin hydrolyze, from levels of 40%, adverse effects in gill tissue was increased.   Manuscript profile

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29 - The histochemical and histological survey of female Mullie liver and ovary (Pociliae sphenops) on three groups (adult, preadult and immature)
Sh. Farahani Sh. Jamili

This research was performed in order to survey the histochemical and histological factors of female Mullie  ovary and liver ( Pociliae sphenops)on three groups(adult, preadult and immature) in 2008 at laboratory complex of Science and ResearchUniversity. Then 10 nu More

This research was performed in order to survey the histochemical and histological factors of female Mullie  ovary and liver ( Pociliae sphenops)on three groups(adult, preadult and immature) in 2008 at laboratory complex of Science and ResearchUniversity. Then 10 numbers of each group(totally 30) were evaluated to determine the histochemical factors(liver and ovary protein and lipid). The tissues were kept in -70 ċ to do the rest of experiments. Also 12 numbers were surveyed to do the histological process and observation by light microscope(Hematoxilin-Eosin, Von- kossa for calcium and Sudan- Black B for lipid). According to statistical analysis, protein and lipid percentages of ovary tissue on three groups, adult(4-month-old), preadult(3-month-old) and immature(1.5- month-old) revealed the significant variation(P<0.05) and immature, preadult and adult groups had respectively the most and least lipid and protein percentages of ovary. The significant variations (P<0.05) also were seen by liver protein and lipid. The immature livers protein was higher than preadults and adults. The measurement of liver total lipid showed that preadult lipid was more than adult and immature. Calcium staining in both liver and ovary tissues expressed that this element will increase during growth and development. Manuscript profile

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30 - Acute Toxicity of Captan on Blood Factors Total Immunoglobulin, Liver, and Gill Tissues of Fingerling Grass Carps: Ctenopharyngodon idella
Mehdi Mohammadalikhani Soheil Lameeihassankiadeh Saltanat Najjar Lashgari Firouz Abbasian

10.22034/jchr.2017.544167

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31 - The Ovarian Anatomy and Histology of the Lizard, Cyrtopodion caspium
ویدا حجتی کاظم پریور اسکندر رستگارپویانی عبدالحسین شیروی

The Caspian bent-toed gecko, Cyrtopodion caspium, is one of the most common nocturnal lizards of Iran which consider to widespread distribution of it in the Northernprovinces, no studies have been done on its reproduction. This research was done in order to the study of More

The Caspian bent-toed gecko, Cyrtopodion caspium, is one of the most common nocturnal lizards of Iran which consider to widespread distribution of it in the Northernprovinces, no studies have been done on its reproduction. This research was done in order to the study of anatomy and histology of the ovaries of this species every 15 days in Sari County from May 5th to October 20th 2011. The ovaries of 70 mature specimens were histologically studied during 7 month. The results of this research show that females emerge in early April after hibernation and start their oogenesis and vitellogenesis in middle April. The ovaries are pair and vesicular and consist of 3 to 8 follicles with 0.32 to 4.99 mm diameter. The follicular layer is polymorphic and multilayer. The diameter of follicular layer is between 30 and 70 microns in mature and immature follicles and diameter of nucleus varies between 35 and 260 microns in immature and mature follicles, respectively. The nucleoli are very large and distinguishable from April to July and their numbers vary between 2 and 30 in immature and mature follicles respectively. The diameter of nucleolus is between 20 and 70 micron. The activity of nucleoli reduces after August and they disappear in nucleus. The mean diameter of tunica albuginea is 10 micron. The maximal activity of ovaries is in May and June. The oogenesis, vitellogenesis and oviposition of this species are completely stopped in early August. Manuscript profile

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32 - HistologicalStudy of the Effect of Ethanol on the Injured Tendon in Rat
بهروز یحیایی

Ethanolhas a suppressive effect on inflammation and immune responses and its impact has been studied in different regions of the body. But there is no useful information about ethanol effects on tendon structure. The aim of this study was to evaluate the histological ef More

Ethanolhas a suppressive effect on inflammation and immune responses and its impact has been studied in different regions of the body. But there is no useful information about ethanol effects on tendon structure. The aim of this study was to evaluate the histological effects of ethanol on rat tendon is injured.Twenty rats were randomly divided in two groups: ethanol and control. The amount of ethanol in combination with glucose in the drinking water of rats was gradually increased and was also used by them. After one week of use, the Achilles tendon of rats at each junction of the calcaneus injury was induced. In the fourth week, all rats were sacrificed and the injured tendon samples were collected and were examined histologically. Ethanol-induced increases Tenocyte with abnormal morphology, disruption and irregular collagen fibers toward increasing the number of Tenocyte and neovascularization was 3 weeks after tendon injury.Tendon in the ethanol group than the control group did not have any healing or improvement. The results of this study showed that ethanol causes delayed healing and tendon reformation. Manuscript profile

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33 - Histological Changes in the Kidney of Fetuses of Citalopram Treated Pregnant Rats
زینب محمدی مهناز آذرنیا عبدالحسین شیروی

Citalopram is an antidepressant drug which is specifically recommended for treatment of depression disorders during pregnancy and lactation. This drug and its metabolite cross the placenta and they are eliminated by kidneys from the body. In this study, histological cha More

Citalopram is an antidepressant drug which is specifically recommended for treatment of depression disorders during pregnancy and lactation. This drug and its metabolite cross the placenta and they are eliminated by kidneys from the body. In this study, histological changes in the kidney of fetuses of pregnant Wistar albino rats treated with two doses of Citalopram (10 and 20 mg/kg/day) were determined. The samples of kidney obtained from fetuses of rats on day 18of gestation were evaluated morphologically and fixed for histology.The sections stained with Handamp;E. Statistical evaluation of data showed that there were no differences in kidney weights between the control and citalopram treatment groups. Moreover, no significant changes were observed in the kidney histology and glomerular number of none of treated groups. The results suggest that citalopram can be considered safe for fetus in pregnancy period. Manuscript profile

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34 - Deleterious Effects of Echis carinatus Venom on Liver and Lung Tissues of a Bird Species
احمد قارزی آمنه نظری محسن عباسی

Saw-Scaled viper (Echis carinatus) is one of the most dangerous and poisonous snakes found in Iran and is responsible to many cases of envenomations resulted to the death in the world. The present study was conducted to study the effects of the venom of this snake on bi More

Saw-Scaled viper (Echis carinatus) is one of the most dangerous and poisonous snakes found in Iran and is responsible to many cases of envenomations resulted to the death in the world. The present study was conducted to study the effects of the venom of this snake on birds. To perform this task, 4 individuals of the viper were collected from their natural habitat and kept alive within a televarium. For experimental animals we selected 16 birds (8 males and 8 females) of Melopsittacus undulatus. The birds were released one by one into televarium and bitten by the snakes. The snake-bitten birds were then scrutinized in terms of behavioral reactions and histological changes occurred in their lung and liver. The venom of Echis carinatus was found to cause pain, edema, severe hemorrhage and dissociation of cells tissue. Both local and systemic effects of this snake venom have been associated with the action of a variety of venom components which include metalloproteinases and ecarin. Manuscript profile

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35 - The Histological and Histochemical study on the esophagus and intestine in common carp fish( Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus(1758))
سید مهدی بانان خجسته سهیلا ابراهیمی مینا رمضانی حسین حق نیا

Ten common carp fish weighing 500-600 g and 28-30 cm in length, comprising both sexes, were collected from fish culture ponds, around Ardebil city. Dewaxed sections (5-6 andmu;m) were stained for histological and histochemical purposes with haematoxylin and eosin (Handa More

Ten common carp fish weighing 500-600 g and 28-30 cm in length, comprising both sexes, were collected from fish culture ponds, around Ardebil city. Dewaxed sections (5-6 andmu;m) were stained for histological and histochemical purposes with haematoxylin and eosin (Handamp;E), periodic-acid Schiff (PAS) and Alcian blue. The histological and histochemical characteristics of the esophagus and intestine were studied by the use of a light microscope. The gastrointestinal tract of the common carpwas divided into an esophagus and intestine. The esophagus was short, with longitudinal mucosal folds but The intestine have shorter mucosal folds in than the esophagus folds and a thinner wall in comparison with esophagus. The histological structure was divided in four layers: mucosa, submucosa, muscular, and serosa. Intestinal mucosa displayed many simple columnar epithelium in associated with goblet cells and intraepithelial lymphocytes. Histochemical analysis showed that the goblet cells have acidic and neutral mucosubstances. Manuscript profile

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36 - Study of histology and morphology of Urogenital system of (Paradactylodon gorganensis) (Amphibian – Urodella – Hynobiida)
نعیمه رضاپور میترا حیدری نصرآبادی حاجی قلی کمی

Paradactylodon gorganensisfrom the family Hynobiidae as a rare species is endemic of Iran.This species is only found in the Shir-Abad Cave and the stream flowing from it, 60 km east of Gorgan (36 57and#39; N, 55 01and#39; E), in the eastern part of the Elburz Mountains, More

Paradactylodon gorganensisfrom the family Hynobiidae as a rare species is endemic of Iran.This species is only found in the Shir-Abad Cave and the stream flowing from it, 60 km east of Gorgan (36 57and#39; N, 55 01and#39; E), in the eastern part of the Elburz Mountains, in the Golestan Province, northern Iran. The cave is at an elevation of 310 meters above sea level. In this research we aimed to study the morphological and histological structure of Urogenital system in this species .in order to fulfill this purpose 16 specimens of this salamanders were captured and transferred to laboratory. Afterwards, we examined and measured morphometric characters before dissecting out the reproductive and urinary systems which were then processed for histological examinations.5-6 micron sections were cut and stained with Hematoxylen-Eosin. Morphological and histological studies showed that ,in this species testis is ampular and spermatogenesis occurs in cysts which develop within seminiferous lobules. The kidneys are elongate and there is no obvious sexual dimorphism in shape. In other salamanders the kidneys are proportionately shorter and those in males are narrow anteriorly .Average length and diameter of active testis were 32/76 mm and 4/77mm and in the non active gonad were 17/98 mm and 1/64 mm respectively Manuscript profile

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37 - Histological Comparison of Gastric Tissue between Rhinopoma hardwickii bats and Rousettus aegyptiacus Batsin Fars Province
صبا مهرپویا محمد پوراحمدی

Bats play a special role in the earths ecosystem by eating harmful insects, helping in pollination of trees and producing precious fertilizer. Due to their ecologic and economic importance, and to get a better understanding of bats, the differencebetween histology of ga More

Bats play a special role in the earths ecosystem by eating harmful insects, helping in pollination of trees and producing precious fertilizer. Due to their ecologic and economic importance, and to get a better understanding of bats, the differencebetween histology of gastric tissue in two species of bats namedRhinopoma hardwickii and Rousettus aegyptiacusis studied. In this research five insectivorous bats and five flying fox were chosen from Jahrom in the province of Fars, tissues of their stomach were prepared, and sections were compared regarding presence or absence of perez, type of muscle cells, type of glands, type of gland secretions, types of cells, existence or lack of serous membrane, and presence or absence of pits were examined by light microscopy.The results showed that the stomach tissue in both species were similar to mammals and had 3 areas: cardia, body and pylorus; however, the lining mucosa and sub-mucosa in fruit-eating species were thicker and specific and had more collagen fiber than the insectivorous species. Based on the present study, in general, the stomach layers in flying fox species are thicker than that of Insectivorous bats; that is probably because of bigger stomach of flying fox comparing with the insectivorous species which is probably due to the greater size of the stomach in flying fox species which is due to the necessity of more time for digesting the cellulosic materials in flying fox species stomach. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

38 - The Study of Histology and Histometry Changes in the Stomach and Intestine of Male Mice Consuming Nano-Styrene Microplastics
Mohammad Reza Ghafari Manesh Esmail Fattahi Fereshteh Mirmohammadrezaei Sima Mashayekh

10.22034/ascij.2024.2003866.1573

Today, microplastics are among the most important environmental pollutants that have attracted the attention of scientists. These plastic particles enter the food chain by being swallowed by animals and cause serious damage to humans and animals. The purpose of this res More

Today, microplastics are among the most important environmental pollutants that have attracted the attention of scientists. These plastic particles enter the food chain by being swallowed by animals and cause serious damage to humans and animals. The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of polystyrene microplastics on the digestive system of mammals. The rats were divided into 3 groups of 6; the sham group received 200 microliters of distilled water once a day for 30 days. The first group received 200 microliters of nano-styrene once a day with a dose of 0.1mg⁄kg for 30 days. The second group received 200 microliters of nano-styrene once a day. He received a dose of 0.5 mg⁄kg for 30 days. The day after the last gavage, the animal was anesthetized with chloroform, and the intestinal and stomach samples were stained for histological examination in 10% buffered formalin solution with hematoxylin-eosin staining method. TUKEY test was used for statistical analysis and comparison between groups. All the calculations were done using Prism software and the significance level of the tests P was considered less than 0.05. The statistical findings show a decrease in the diameter of the submucosa, the number of lining cells, and the number of epithelial cells in the experimental group 2 compared to the control group. The height of the intestinal villi and The stomach showed an increase in experimental group 2 compared to the sham group. The results of this study show that the effects of nano-styrene depend on the concentration and as the concentration increases, it will leave more destructive effects on the intestines and stomach. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

39 - Comparison of Morphometric and Histological Parameters of Spleen in Balb/c and C57BL/6 Strains of Mice Raised in the Same Conditions
Morteza Abbaspour Samad Farashi Bonab

10.22034/ascij.2023.1987261.1495

Spleen is the largest lymphatic organ of the body and plays a role in blood purification, storage of red blood cells, removal of damaged old red blood cells and creation of specific immune responses. Some studies have shown that the spleen tissue has differences in some More

Spleen is the largest lymphatic organ of the body and plays a role in blood purification, storage of red blood cells, removal of damaged old red blood cells and creation of specific immune responses. Some studies have shown that the spleen tissue has differences in some species. Since Balb/c and C57BL/6 bi-strain mice are chosen as the first choice in many biological researches, it is necessary to carefully evaluate the anatomical, histological and genetic differences between them in order to develop study models be chosen correctly. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the morphometric and histological characteristics of spleen tissue in Balb/c and C57BL/6 mice. 10 Balb/c female mice and 10 C57BL/6 female mice were bred in the animal house under the same conditions. Then the spleen of mice was examined in terms of morphometric and histological characteristics. The data obtained from two groups were analyzed with t-set method and p < 0.05 was considered significant. The results showed that the shape and color of the spleen in mice do not differ significantly. The average spleen weight in Balb/c mice was slightly higher than that of C57BL/6 mice, which was not statistically significant. In the slides prepared from the spleen tissue of Balb/c and C57BL/6 mice, no visible difference was detected between the mice's spleen in terms of histology. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

40 - The Impact of Spent Mushroom Compost and Fertilizer on Esophagus Histological Indices of Some Cultured Warm Water Species
Khaled Roshanfekr Rahim Abdi Mohammad Ali Salari Aliabadi Zahra Basir

We investigated the impact of button mushroom compost and fertilizer on tissues structure of four cultured warm water species at Shahid Ahmadian Khorramshahr, Khuzestan Province, and southern Iran. Juveniles with an average weight of 69.60 ± 1.28 gr for two month More

We investigated the impact of button mushroom compost and fertilizer on tissues structure of four cultured warm water species at Shahid Ahmadian Khorramshahr, Khuzestan Province, and southern Iran. Juveniles with an average weight of 69.60 ± 1.28 gr for two months in six pools with button mushroom compost and fertilizers in warm water fish culture were fed. During breeding, treatment groups and control were fed by button mushroom compost and chemical fertilizer. At the end of the stipulated time and biometrics, 5 mm tissue samples removed from the middle part of the esophagus after tissue preparing sections staining with (H & E), were studied using light microscope equipped with Dinolite lens. Number of goblet cells and thickness of epithelium of the esophagus in the treatment group were increased compared to the control group in silver carp and big head species. However, in common carp and grass carp, it was unemployed. Moreover, thickness of the muscular layer of the esophagus in four species in treatment than the control group was more of significant difference (P<0.05). Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

41 - Anatomical and Histological Study on the Small Intestine of Muscovy Duck (Cairina moschata)
Jalil Pourhaji motab S.R. Hashemi

Duck is a bird often living in water. Due to its high weight, Muscovy duck is a good bird for meat production. Small intestine is important in mammals and birds for digestion and absorption. There is no research on anatomical and histological study in adult Muscovy duck More

Duck is a bird often living in water. Due to its high weight, Muscovy duck is a good bird for meat production. Small intestine is important in mammals and birds for digestion and absorption. There is no research on anatomical and histological study in adult Muscovy duck. In this research, 20 male and female Muscovy ducks were selected and their small intestine was studied anatomically. In this organ, statistical analysis of length and width was calculated by SPSS software with t-test. Then, histological study was carried out with hematoxylin and eosin kit. Anatomical and histological results were generally similar to other birds; however, there were differences in some results. Notable anatomical feature in Muscovy duck was in duodenum and jejunum.  Duodenum was curved U shape. Jejunum in female Muscovy duck has six loops and in male Muscovy has five loops. Average length and width of the small intestine in male Muscovy duck is larger than that of the female Muscovy duck. This difference is significant in the length of duodenum. Notable histological feature in Muscovy duck was the presence of long and non-branching villi in jejunum. In the histological study, the notable feature was the long and non-branching villi with a simple columnar epithelium whose height was reduced from the duodenal to the ileum. Moreover, the number of goblet cells increased from duodenum to the ileum in epithelium. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

42 - The Effect of Administration of Gold Nanoparticles on the Histology of Ovary in Wistar Rats
Khadijeh Fattahi Arman Rostamzad Salman Soltani Reza Hooshmandfar

The gold nanoparticles like other nanoparticles have catalytic, magnetic, optical, and biological properties. Nowadays there is a little information on their impact on human health. The aim of this research was the histological study of ovary after administration of gol More

The gold nanoparticles like other nanoparticles have catalytic, magnetic, optical, and biological properties. Nowadays there is a little information on their impact on human health. The aim of this research was the histological study of ovary after administration of gold nanoparticles in Wistar rats. The total of 40 female Wistar rats was randomly divided into 4 groups: control (treated with 1 ml normal saline) and three experimental groups. Group 1, 2 and 3 received 1 ml of solution containing 10, 100, 1000 mg/kg gold nanoparticle by gavage for 15 successive days, respectively. The ovaries were removed from postnatal development; their weights were recorded and fixed in Bouin’s solution; subsequently, 6 µm serial paraffin sections were stained with haematoxylin-eosin; the structural changes of ovarian were studied. There was no significant difference on mean ovary of among all the treated, and control groups. There was no significant difference in the size of ovary, the average number of primary and secondary follicle among the 3 groups of rats (P<0.05). Therefore, gold nanoparticles at these concentrations and 60 nm size, do not effect on the ovary in Wistar rats Manuscript profile

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