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Open Access Article
1 - Investigation of the contamination of semi-prepared foods and fast foods with respect to Staphylococcus aureus bacteria in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province.
Manouchehr Momeni-Shahraki fatemeh shirazi یاس محمدی Hossein Khodabandeh shahrakiFast and cold foods increase the microbiological risk of consumers due to the lack of cooking time and the contact of restaurant workers' hands during preparation. Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most important causes of foodborne diseases. The purpose of this study MoreFast and cold foods increase the microbiological risk of consumers due to the lack of cooking time and the contact of restaurant workers' hands during preparation. Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most important causes of foodborne diseases. The purpose of this study is to determine the abundance of Staphylococcus aureus in semi-prepared foods and fast foods and to identify them by PCR method. In this research, 100 food samples (meat products, falafel, pizza, chicken) were randomly collected from the food preparation and serving centers in Borujen, Shahrekord and Farsan cities in a period of one month to investigate the presence of Staphylococcus aureus. Tested. In total, staphylococcus contamination was observed in samples of meat products (64.1%), falafel (21.2%), pizza (20%), chicken (30.8%). The average number of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria in positive samples was reported (39%). Based on the results of the present research, it can be said that since the results of the production steps and preparation of fast food and semi-prepared foods are manual, there is a possibility of food contamination through human labor. Although the percentage of sample contamination is high, the number of bacteria in the sample is low and does not pose a potential risk to the health of the consumer. Therefore, personal and environmental health education is of great importance in order to reduce the amount of Staphylococcus aureus in people who are involved in food preparation and production. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Studying the non-thermal plasma jet characteristics and application on bacterial decontamination
Ali F. Al-rawaf Fadhil Khaddam Fuliful Mohammed K. Khalaf Husham. K. Oudah -
Open Access Article
3 - Histological and microbial analysis of different types of raw meat products in Tehran, Iran
Zohreh Mashak Zahra Mahdizadeh Barzoki Amirreza Saadati Maziar Taghavi -
Open Access Article
4 - Evaluating the relationship of fungal contamination and ochratoxin A content in nonalcoholic beers from different climatic regions
Somayeh Alsadat Hosseini Khorami Reza Mahdavi Abolhasan Kazemi -
Open Access Article
5 - Environmental Accounting with Emphasis on Solid Waste Management
Rezvan Hejazi Kimiya EslamiMain goal is following to identify indicators for calculation of environmental expenditures in waste area, with review effective factors to creation pollution and prevention of pollution ways. Such that calculating environmental expenditures and render financial reporti MoreMain goal is following to identify indicators for calculation of environmental expenditures in waste area, with review effective factors to creation pollution and prevention of pollution ways. Such that calculating environmental expenditures and render financial reporting to users. At this research, first classification creation pollution methods and human correlate with this and then distributed questionnaires among decision makers (municipal executives and citizens) and specialist (accountant and specialists of environmental) than by analyzing they and by SPSS could be identify environmental indicators. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Decontamination of DMMP by adsorption on ZnO, A Computational Study
F. R. Nikmaram J. Najafpour M. Ashrafi Shahri -
Open Access Article
7 - The prevalence of fungal agents in different parts of hatcheries in the Mazandaran Province, Iran
H. Taheri, A. Sharifzadeh, G. Akbari, H. Boj-Mehrani,Today, modern hatchery plays an important role in the development of the poultry industry.However, the arrival of large numbers of eggs to hatchery increase the likelihood of infectionwith various microorganisms, especially fungal and bacterial contamination. Characteri MoreToday, modern hatchery plays an important role in the development of the poultry industry.However, the arrival of large numbers of eggs to hatchery increase the likelihood of infectionwith various microorganisms, especially fungal and bacterial contamination. Characterization ofmicrobial contamination and the prevention of this type pollutions can lead to decreasing theincidence of disease in day-old chicks and prevent economic losses. The aim of the currentstudy was to determine fungal contamination in different parts of Mazandaran provincehatcheries. The samples were taken from different parts of hatcheries through a passivesedimentation method onto Sabouraud dextrose agar containing chloramphenicol and incubatedat 30˚C for 7–10 days. Furthermore, the type and number of fungal colonies were recorded.Fungal isolates belonged to seven genera: Aspergillus (87.8%), Mucor (4.3%), Penicillium(3.5%), Rhizopus (1.6%), Fusarium (1.4%), Alternaria (0.7%) and Cladosporium (0.7%).Aspergillus was the most common genera of isolated fungi and Aspergillus flavus with the15361 (71.4%) number of colonies was the most common fungal species isolated from theincubation systems. In general, Setter and Hatcher rooms were the most polluted parts of theincubators. According to high pollution of hatchery centers with various fungi, especiallyAspergillus species Trying to diagnose, Prevent and eliminate of these contaminations seemnecessary. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Evaluation of Microbial Quality of Traditional Ice Cream Sold in East Azerbaijan Province
رضا Mohammadzadeh Khalkhali , M Fardin احمد Sabzi Balkhkanlu, , F Farhadi , R AbriIce cream as a popular dairy product used in summer, due to its unique physical and chemical nature, is a suitable environment for growth of microorganisms. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the level of microbial contamination of traditional ice cream MoreIce cream as a popular dairy product used in summer, due to its unique physical and chemical nature, is a suitable environment for growth of microorganisms. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the level of microbial contamination of traditional ice creams provided in East Azarbaijan province. In this study, microbial contamination of the traditional ice creams provided in East Azerbaijan province during 2018-2019 was investigated. A total of 274 ice creams were randomly collected from ice cream supply centers and studied to identify coagulase-positive Staphylococci, Escherichia coli, Salmonella, and total microorganism and Enterobacteriaceae count according to the Iranian National Standard. All tests were cultured according to the Iranian National Standard and were identified and counted by confirmatory tests. A total of 234 samples (85.4%) were not usable, according to the standard limit reported by the Iranian standard Department. In 18.2% and 10.9% of the samples, coagulase-positive Staphylococci and E. coli were isolated, respectively. In addition, 72.2% and 80.2% of the samples, showed the total Enterobacteriaceae and total microorganism count of higher than the limits, respectively. None of the samples were infected with Salmonella. The results showed a high microbial contamination of the studied samples. Accordingly, applying strict standards by the relevant organizations associated with food production, and also providing strict hygiene supervision and a comprehensive control over all stages of ice cream production are essential. The results also indicated the need for health education for ice cream makers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Nitrate contamination of groundwater and assessment potential and sources of pollution in the Evan plain
Saedeh Samani Nasrolah Klantari Mohamad Hosein RahimiAssessing pollution potential and amount of nitrate contamination in Evan plain as results of husbandry and fertilizer applications is of great importance for this plain. In this study, 16 wells and several surface water sources were sampled. Nitrate concentra MoreAssessing pollution potential and amount of nitrate contamination in Evan plain as results of husbandry and fertilizer applications is of great importance for this plain. In this study, 16 wells and several surface water sources were sampled. Nitrate concentrations in these samples were analyzed and were compared to drinking water standards proposed by EPA. The results indicated that most amounts of Nitrate can be found at north part of Evan plain that generally are less than 37 mg/lit. To assess the source of groundwater NO3, the NO3/Cl and NO3/K charts were used. High NO3 concentration and low Cl concentration in the samples from north of Evan plain groundwater was related to leaching of chemical fertilizers to groundwater. Spatial distribution of nitrate concentration confirmed the output of both GOD and AVI models where they predicted maximum NO3 concentration at north part of the Evan plain. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Remediation of contaminated soils with cadmium and copper using dicalcium phosphate
Amin Falamaki Hosein Tavallali Mahnaz Eskandari Mahnaz Moradi EstahbanatiAt the present time, contamination of water and soil resources is an important environmental challenge. Therefore, decontamination of such soils is a prerequirement of using these resources. The stabilization/solidification is cost effective remediation method that prev MoreAt the present time, contamination of water and soil resources is an important environmental challenge. Therefore, decontamination of such soils is a prerequirement of using these resources. The stabilization/solidification is cost effective remediation method that prevents spreading of heavy metals in soil and water resources. In this process, contaminated soil reacts with amendments such as phosphate materials to form low soluble or non-soluble stable materials. In this research the performance of dicalcium phosphate (DCP) in stabilizing and immobilizing of two ubiquitous metals Cd and Cu through soil was investigated. To understand the mobility of these metals within coarse textured soil, 12 leaching column tests were conducted. Four soil samples were contaminated with 500 mg/kg Cu while four others were contaminated by 500 mg/kg Cd. One of the specimens was left blank, while the other three were mixed with 0.1, 0.2 and 0.5% (by weight) DCP stabilizer. In addition, four other samples were simultaneously contaminated with both metals and the same amount of additive. The results indicated in the case of Cu contaminated samples, application of 0.1% DCP reduces 93% of this metal in the first pore volume of effluent. For Cd, this amount was 80%. Increasing in the amount of stabilizer (0.2 and 0.5%) neglects the metal in effluent. In simultaneous contamination using 0.1% DCP, 90 and 92% of Cu and Cd was reduced, respectively. Therefore, immobilizing of Cd performed better than Cu when both were present. This study shows that DCP is an effective additive for stabilizing Cd and Cu to protect groundwater from contamination leached out of polluted coarse textured soil. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Simultaneous effect of municipal solid waste compost and some fertilizers on biodegradation of oil-contaminated soils
Manizheh Jafari Soheyla Ebrahimi Seyed Alireza Movahed NaeiniSoil contamination with crude oil and its derivatives is one of the most dangerous type of environmental pollution. The objective of this study was to evaluate and optimize the indigenous soil microorganisms using nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers and munic MoreSoil contamination with crude oil and its derivatives is one of the most dangerous type of environmental pollution. The objective of this study was to evaluate and optimize the indigenous soil microorganisms using nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers and municipal compost contaminated with fuel oil (130g/kg), and their reclamation influence as well as optimum mixing ratio with soil. For this purpose, different levels of municipal composts with two ratios of NPK (5, 10. 15 percent) fertilizers (10:2:1 and 10:1:1 ratios) were applied into experimental soil samples. After initial equilibrium period (10 days), the amount of hydrocarbon contaminants in soil under aerobic conditions were determined. The results showed an increased percentage in the compost and declined soil emissions of oil such that treatment of 15% had the highest reduction rate between 59 to 62 percent. The results of two applied fertilizers, confirmed the usefulness of 10:2:1 ratio. The applied amendments to all treatments lead to effective oil degrading bacteria, especially during first week after equilibrium. This can be related to faster breakdown of short-chain compounds such as alkanes. The results further indicated an effective correlation between rate of TPH decomposition and CO2 of microbial activity. There was a direct correlation between crude oil degradation and microorganisms activity. Simultaneous treatment of municipal solid waste compost (15%) and NPK fertilizers (10:2:1 ratio) with six weeks was an effective treatment to clean up oil-contaminated soils by decomposition rate of 62 percent. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - Effect of Probiotics on Patulin Content Reduction of Synbiotic Apple Juice
A. Zoghi K. Khosravi-Darani S. Sohrabvandi H. Attar S. A. AlaviIntroduction: Patulin is commonly produced in apples in unsuitable postharvest or storage conditions and has pasteurization temperature resistance. Some probiotic strains are capable of binding with patulin and remove it from apple juice. The aim of this study is to inv MoreIntroduction: Patulin is commonly produced in apples in unsuitable postharvest or storage conditions and has pasteurization temperature resistance. Some probiotic strains are capable of binding with patulin and remove it from apple juice. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of adding Lactobacillus acidophilus PTCC1643 and Lactobacillus plantarum PTCC1058 on reduction of patulin content in apple juice. Materials and Methods: Seven variables (probiotic strain, inoculum size, fructooligosaccharide content, inulin concentration, patulin content, ascorbic acid and citric acid concentration) were defined in two levels and Plackett-Burman design was used to evaluate the impact of variables on efficiency of patulin removal. Apple juice samples were pasteurized and were then inoculated and kept in the refrigerator for 42 days. The pH value, titratable acidity, reducing sugars, patulin content and viability of probiotics were analyzed on the first day (week 0) and every week during refrigerated storage. Results: Fructooligosaccharide content and ascorbic acid concentration were determined as more effective variables on patulin removal from apple juice. Inserting 108 and 1010 cfu/ml Lactobacillus plantarum to apple juice can reduce 85.23% and 91.23% of initial patulin content, respectively. Conclusion: Both Lactobacillus acidophilus PTCC1643 and Lactobacillus plantarum PTCC1058 have the capacity of PAT removal from apple juice, but percent of removal depends on environment conditions. The highest percent of patulin removal caused during one day after inoculation of probiotic strains. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - Evaluation of the Chemical and Microbial Characteristics of Pasteurized Yoghurt Drink and Milk Products in Zanjan Province During the Years of 2012 to 2014
A. Mirza Alizadeha J. Tajkey N. Satei A. A. Zamani J. HejaziIntroduction: Dairy products have specific roles in human nutrition due to the high biological values concerned with proteins. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the chemical and microbial characteristics of pasteurized yoghurt drink and milk products that MoreIntroduction: Dairy products have specific roles in human nutrition due to the high biological values concerned with proteins. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the chemical and microbial characteristics of pasteurized yoghurt drink and milk products that were produced in Zanjan province between the years of 2012 and 2014. Materials and Methods: Totally 101 samples of pasteurized milk and 63 samples of pasteurized yoghurt drink were analysed. Sampling and chemical and microbial tests were carried out according to the Iranian National Standard. Results: According to our finding out of thetotal samples of pasteurized milk, in terms of acidity, one sample (0.99%), in terms of milks solid not fat contents, 10 samples (9.9%) and in terms of density 9 samples (8.91%) were not according to the standard. Microbial contaminations were not observed in the samples studied. The yoghurt drink samples were according to standard in terms of acidity and pH and only two samples had solid not fat contents more than the figure defined by the Iranian National Standard. The microbial examination of the yoghurt drink indicated that one sample was contaminated with coliform and five samples showed the presence of mold and yeast. Conclusion: Our findings have indicated that the microbiological loads of pasteurized yoghurt drinks and milk produced in Zanjan province are according to the values defined by Iranian National Standard, however continues supervision and controlling is required for both chemical and microbiological values of these products. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - Evaluation of Phytoremediation Potential of Nasturtium Officinal L. for Cadmium Contamination Elimination
Maryam Jafarzadeh Razmi Mahnaz Aghdasi Ahmad Abdolzadeh HamidReza SadeghipourBackground and Objective: One of the most fundamental problems that may affect growth and development of plants and animals are environmental pollution by some heavy metals. Cadmium is a contaminant metal which has harmful effects on the physiological activity of the pl MoreBackground and Objective: One of the most fundamental problems that may affect growth and development of plants and animals are environmental pollution by some heavy metals. Cadmium is a contaminant metal which has harmful effects on the physiological activity of the plant. The aim of this study was to investigate the possibility of using the Nasturtium officinal plants for clarifying of contaminated water and evaluation of this plant ability for phytoremediation. Method: In this study the effect of different concentrations of Cadmium (including 10, 50, 100, 300 and 500 µM CdCl2) was investigated on physiological parameters and Cadmium absorption of Nasturtium officinal plant. The experiment was carried out in completely randomized design with three replications. Findings: The obtained result showed that the effects of Cd was significant on growth, physiological characters and the amount of Cadmium in plants, so that fresh and dry weight of shoot and root, height of shoot and root and the photosynthetic pigments increased as levels of Cadmium increased in nutrient solution. By increasing Cadmium concentration in medium culture, the amount of Cadmium was enhanced in roots and shoots. The highest Cadmium content in both root and shoot organs was observed in 500µM cadmium treatment. Discussion and Conclusion: The current results revealed that Nasturtium officinal plants have certain ability for Cd phytoremediation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - Phytoremediation of Lead from Contaminated Soil Using Pharagmites Australis
Malihe Amini Hamed HaghparastBackground and Objective: Antropogenic heavy metals discharge in to the precious environment has been a key burden of modernity. Excess trace elements have driven the fertile soil and water mediums in to unstable and fragile states in many countries. In recent years bio MoreBackground and Objective: Antropogenic heavy metals discharge in to the precious environment has been a key burden of modernity. Excess trace elements have driven the fertile soil and water mediums in to unstable and fragile states in many countries. In recent years bio-remediation approaches via various plants species, has been highlited as prior strategies in soil pollution control. Method: The present study aims to assess phytoremediation of Pharagmites australis (common reed) for lead contamination in constructed wetland. Experimental design was performed in an entirely randomized plan having two factors and three replications. Accordingly lead and levels of metal stress were obtained. Findings: According to indoor expriments results, any increment in lead concentration enhances root-shoot metal absorbing. However, impressive accumulation of heavy metals was in roots and its translocation and accumulation in shoot was reported in lesser portions. Results of regression analysis showed concentration increment of lead in P.australis organs under these metal stress condition which was fixed as a quadratic function with R2 >90 (p<0.01). Discussion & Conclusion: P.australis showed high relatively resistant to lead stress. High accumulation capacity for metals in roots and low heavy metal translocation factor were observed during the present study. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - The study of oil-contamination groundwater due to Shazand Refinery
Abdorreza Vaezi hir Sanaz Qobadiyan Alireza GolmohamadiBackground and Purpose: Shazand oil refinery, as the biggest producer of gasoline in the Middle East, is located 22 km to the Southwest of Arak and the Northeast of Shazand plain. Due to presence of various storage tanks of crude oil and oil products, processing unites MoreBackground and Purpose: Shazand oil refinery, as the biggest producer of gasoline in the Middle East, is located 22 km to the Southwest of Arak and the Northeast of Shazand plain. Due to presence of various storage tanks of crude oil and oil products, processing unites and conveyance lines of oil products, it is very possible the leakage of pollution from tanks and conveyance lines into the soil and groundwater. Shazand plain aquifer is an unconfined and consists of coarse-grained alluvial deposits with a flow direction from the refinery to the agriculture wells which are located at the center of plain. Hence, groundwater contamination, which was resulted from the oil pollution of Shazand refinery was investigated. Material and Method: In this study, 16 wells were sampled in study area on Jun 2015 and they delivered to laboratory for analyzing. Compound BTEX and MTBE analyzed by gas chromatography with flame ionization detector (GC-FID[1]). To investigate contamination in study area, results of analyses of BTEX and MTBE were compared with valid standards of drinking and agriculture water. Result: The results show that 6 wells are polluted at the East and South of refinery and the east and Northeast of petrochemical complex. A part of the groundwater contamination was due to atmospheric washout and the other part relates to leak from utilities, tanks and conveyance lines. Discussion & Conclusion: Considering the already existing and the other possible forms of contamination in the area, it is proposed that before taking, the exact source of contamination be identified and proper measures to clean the area be chosen based on expert opinion. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - An Environmental Evaluation of Heavy Metals’ Soil Contamination of Shourab Region (South Kashmar – Khorasan Razavi)
nafisa Ebrahimi Kargarshirazy Saeed Saadat mohamamd javanbakhtBackground and Objective: The purpose of this research is to investigate the distribution of heavy metals and evaluating geo-accumulation and contamination factors on these elements in the stream sediments of Shourab Kashmar area. There are indications of some elements MoreBackground and Objective: The purpose of this research is to investigate the distribution of heavy metals and evaluating geo-accumulation and contamination factors on these elements in the stream sediments of Shourab Kashmar area. There are indications of some elements such as Mercury, Lead, Iron, and Copper that might be the cause for environmental pollution in this area. Method: After processing of satellite images and performing geological studies, 21 samples of stream sediments were gathered. By determining the salinity, pH, and EC parameters as well as the soil texture of samples, 14 samples were tested in order to study the concentration of heavy metals with the ICP-OS systems in the ZarAzma Laboratory. The collected results were processed and studied using GIS, SPSS, and Excel software. Findings: With the exception of the Silver, Copper, Cadmium, Cobalt, Chromium, and Nickel elements which show some level of contamination, there is no evidence of environmental pollution, in the stream sediments in this area. The amount of pH from 7.5 to 8.2 and EC from 0.3 µs/cm to 5 µs/cm and salinity from 150 to 2500 are varying. Discussion and Conclusion: There is a similarity between the distribution of the Nickel, Cobalt, and to some degrees, Chromium in the stream sediments of the study area. This can be related to the volcanic rocks which are mainly intermediate in composition. The Lead and Zinc are mainly concentrated on the north and some towards east of the area, and the Arsenic and Antimony elements in the north and north-west of the study area. The origin of these elements could be connected to mineralization in this area, which has not been focused on so far. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - Evaluation of Cr and Ni Concentrations in the Soil Samples Collected from Near the Arak III Industrial Estate
Seyed Amir Ahmadi Soheil SobhanardakaniBackground and Objective: Spatial distribution of contaminants is essential for soil pollution monitoring and maintaining environmental quality. Therefore this study was carried out for evaluation of Cr and Ni concentrations in soil samples collected from around the Ara MoreBackground and Objective: Spatial distribution of contaminants is essential for soil pollution monitoring and maintaining environmental quality. Therefore this study was carried out for evaluation of Cr and Ni concentrations in soil samples collected from around the Arak III Industrial Estate in 2013 and preparing the zoning map of metals. Method: After selecting 10 sampling stations within a radius of 5 km from the industrial estate, a total of 20 soil samples were collected from topsoils and subsoils. Then some physical and chemical properties of soil were determined. For determination of heavy metals concentration in soil samples, using ICP-OES (Varian, 710-ES, Australia) when soil digestion was complete. All statistical analyses were done by SPSS software, version 18.0 (SPSS Inc., USA). Also, the spatial distribution maps of elements in soil samples were prepared using IDW method. Findings: The results showed that maximum mean concentration of Cr in topsoils and subsoils samples were found in sampling station II with 15.50±1.97 and 13.00±1.65 mg/kg, respectively, and maximum mean concentration of Ni in topsoils and subsoils samples were found in sampling stations IX and II with 19.25±1.90 and 18.50±2.02 mg/kg, respectively. Discussion and Conclusion: Comparative evaluation of Cr and Ni contents in different studied soil samples showed that the mean concentrations of Cr and Ni in all topsoils and subsoils due to implementation of environmental management of industrial units in Arak III Industrial Estate and minimal use of agricultural inputs such as chemical fertilizers and pesticides were significantly lower than WHO permissible limits for soil contamination Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - Investigation of the effects of agricultural activities on the accumulation of cadmium, cobalt and chromium in soil
Ali Shahbazi AliReza Soffianian Norolah MirghaffariBackground and Objective: Every year a great deal of chemical fertilizers, pesticides and sewage sludge used in agriculture soils; this may cause the increase in concentration of Soil heavy metals. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of assessment o MoreBackground and Objective: Every year a great deal of chemical fertilizers, pesticides and sewage sludge used in agriculture soils; this may cause the increase in concentration of Soil heavy metals. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of assessment of agriculture activities on accumulation of Cadmium, Cobalt and Chromium; and determines the trend of heavy metal accumulation in soil.Method: To achieve this purpose 97 soil samples were taken from different agriculture fields with different cultivation archaism in Hamedan province in western IRAN by systematic approach. ANOVA test has been used to compare the concentration of heavy metals in different farms, the trend of accumulation heavy metals obtained in regards to cultivation archaism and the mean of metals concentration in different cultivations. Moreover, contamination Factor Index has been used for comparison of contamination risk in cultivations with various archaisms.Findings: Mean concentrations in 20-, 35- and 65-year-old cultures for cadmium metal were 0.14, 0.16 and 0.19, respectively, for cobalt metal, 17/94, 18/05 and 79/20, respectively and for chromium metal 58.89, 72.99 and 88.09 mg / kg, respectively. The results showed that the longevity of cultivation affected on heavy metal accumulation in soil. The trend of Cd, Co and Cr accumulation in soil was exponential.Discussion and Conclusion: Due to the fact that agricultural soils are one of the important routes for the transfer of heavy metals to the human food chain, it is necessary to monitor soils that are potentially exposed to toxic metals. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - The Investigation of Effect of Soil Moisture and Temperature on Crude Oil Bioremediation by Pseudomonas Putida
Akbar Ghavidel Sumayyah Naji rad Hossein Ali AlikhaniBackground and Objective: Bioremediation is an approach that exploits the ability of microorganisms to increase the rate and extent of degradation of pollutants and thereby removing pollutants from the environment. The moisture content and temperature are of the main en MoreBackground and Objective: Bioremediation is an approach that exploits the ability of microorganisms to increase the rate and extent of degradation of pollutants and thereby removing pollutants from the environment. The moisture content and temperature are of the main environmental factors affecting growth and activity of microorganisms and accordingly affecting the efficiency of organic pollutant biodegradation.Method: To study the effect of these two factors a factorial experiment was carried out as completely randomized design with three replications. The factors were moisture in three levels (30%, 55% and 80% of Field Capacity), temperature in three levels (25, 30 and 35 degrees of Celsius) and inoculation with bacteria in two levels (with and without inoculation by Pseudomonas putida) which were triplicated.Findings: The results showed that highest biodegradation rate was observed in the treatment with the moisture content of 55% F.C, temperature of 30 degrees of Celsius and inoculation with Pseudomonas putida which was 92.8% and the lowest biodegradation rate was observed in the treatment with the moisture of 30% F.C, temperature of 30 degrees of Celsius and without inoculation which was 42.3%.Discussion and Conclusion: These results shows that the optimization of the environmental conditions in bioremediation process may lead to 50.5% increase in the efficiency of removal. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - Assessment of Pb, Cd and Cu concentrations of soil samples in the vicinity of Shazand thermal power plant, Arak, Iran
Horiyeh Abedi Soheil Sobhanardakani Asghar SeifBackground and Objective: Spatial distribution of contaminants is essential for soil contamination monitoring and maintaining environmental quality. Therefore, this study was conducted to assessment of Pb, Cd and Cu concentrations of soil samples in the vicinity of Shaz MoreBackground and Objective: Spatial distribution of contaminants is essential for soil contamination monitoring and maintaining environmental quality. Therefore, this study was conducted to assessment of Pb, Cd and Cu concentrations of soil samples in the vicinity of Shazand thermal power plant in 2013 and preparing the spatial distribution map of elements. Material and Methodology: A total of 54 topsoil and subsoil samples were collected from nine sampling stations. In the laboratory, after preparation of soil samples, heavy metal concentrations were determined using ICP-OES. All statistical analyses were performed using the SPSS 18.0 statistical package. Also, spatial distribution maps of elements were prepared using Kriging interpolation method. Findings: Based on the results obtained, the maximum mean concentration of Pb (µg/kg) in topsoil and subsoil samples were 10255 ± 577 and 8416 ± 415, respectively, while, the maximum mean concentration of Cd in topsoil and subsoil samples were 304 ± 29.0 and 303 ± 34.0 µg/kg, respectively, whereas, the maximum mean concentration of Cu in topsoils and subsoils samples were found to be 11839 ± 431 and 10473 ± 501 µg/kg, respectively. The results of statistical analyses showed that, the mean concentrations of Cu in both topsoil and subsoil specimens were significantly higher than permissible maximum permissible concentration established by WHO. Discussion and Conclusion: Although the mean concentrations of Pb and Cd in soil samples were lower than WHO permissible limits, the establishment of environmental management system in industries of the study area and implementation of programs for the monitoring of heavy metals in soil samples is recommended. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - Application of Soil Vapor Extraction (SVE) Technique for the Treatment of Hydrocarbon Contaminated Soils
Saeid Gitipour Emad Sanati Farvash Hadi Tarebari Mahmoodreza Abdi Alireza Gitipour Saeid HeidariAbstract Background and Objective: In recent years, production and use of petroleum products, such as gasoline, have been increasing. This increase is followed by numerous ecological consequences. Among them, the most important ecological effects of using gasoline MoreAbstract Background and Objective: In recent years, production and use of petroleum products, such as gasoline, have been increasing. This increase is followed by numerous ecological consequences. Among them, the most important ecological effects of using gasoline is contamination of soils at refineries and gas stations. Hazards of gasoline leakage into the soil and its migration to groundwater could be attributed to the existence of BTEX compounds, which are the main constituents of gasoline with high toxicity and volatility values. Method: In this study, the removal of BTEX contaminants from soil samples contaminated with gasoline has been investigated using Soil Vapor Extraction technique. The treatment tests were conducted at 3 time intervals of 4, 8 and 12 hours and 3 different temperatures of 20, 40 and 60°C. Results: The results of tests indicate the high suitability of SEV technique showung %99 removal efficiency for BTEX compounds from soil samples. Moreover, the results of the analysis present that the removal of contaminants an inverse relation with their boiling points in this techniques. Also, raising the temperature of the samples from 20°C to 40°C and from 40°C to 60°C during 12 hours increased the removal efficiencies of BTEX compounds by %10 and %26, respectively. Conclusion: The results of this study revealed that SVE technique for the removal of aromatic organic compound from soil is an efficient technique which can lead to high efficiency for the removal of such contaminats from soil, if implented properly. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - Zonning, distribution and sources of TPH and heavy metals in Mahshahr Bay sediments, Persian Gulf
Alireza Vaezi Abdolreza Karbassi Alireza Valikhani Samani Mehdi Heidari Mojtaba Fakhraee Alireza RahmatiIntroduction: Petroleum hydrocarbons and heavy metals are considered as common environmental contaminants and a worldwide concern. The aim of this study was to determine sediment contamination and to perform ecological risk assessments in the Mahshahr Bay. Material and MoreIntroduction: Petroleum hydrocarbons and heavy metals are considered as common environmental contaminants and a worldwide concern. The aim of this study was to determine sediment contamination and to perform ecological risk assessments in the Mahshahr Bay. Material and Methods: Sediment samples were collected from the coastal area of the Petrochemical Special Economic Zone of Musa Estuary, which is located at the northwest of the Persian Gulf. Thirty-tow surficial sediment samples were collected. Total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) concentration of the sediment samples was determined using gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID). Also, the concentration of metals (Al, As, Ba, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Sr and Zn) in surface sediment samples was determined using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). Results: The average TPH concentration in the study area was 42 mg/kg. The highest TPH value was recorded at station 8. There was a significant difference between concentration of Al and the correspondent mean crust. Conclusion: The contamination factor (CF), degree of contamination (Cd), modified degree of contamination (mcd) and Pollution load index (PLI) revealed overall low values for metals. The average TPH concentration in the study area was 42 mg/kg indicating that the region could be slightly polluted. Cluster analysis was indicative of oil origin for Ni and Cr. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - Geo-Environmental Assessment of Oil Contaminated Distribution in Coastal Sediments (Bushehr Province)
Majid Tajik Mashalah Khamehchiyan Amir Hossin CharkhabiStudy of available reports and maps indicates that Bushehr province is oil contaminated area becauseit is adjacent to Persian Gulf. Then assessment of pollution distribution in coastal line is the goal ofthis paper. Fourteen hypothetical transects used for site investig MoreStudy of available reports and maps indicates that Bushehr province is oil contaminated area becauseit is adjacent to Persian Gulf. Then assessment of pollution distribution in coastal line is the goal ofthis paper. Fourteen hypothetical transects used for site investigation of contaminated areas in thisresearch which they are in tidal area and perpendicular to coast line. Their length is depending onregional tide and elevation of coasts.Sample analysis with High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) method shows slight oilcontamination with Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TPH) in the study area. However, TPH quantity isless than 400 ppb for most soil samples. The results show that the pollution distribution isn't similar indifferent coastal sediment. Soil samples from deeper depth and nearer to coast line are morecontaminated. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - ارزیابی فازی برای آلودگی فلزات سنگین
غلامرضا حسامیان محمد قاسم اکبری مهدی شمسهدف این مقاله تعمیم شاخص­های آلودگی و تفسیر آن­ها به محیط فازی است. برای این منظور، ابتدا میزان فلزات سنگین در خاک توسط اعداد فازی اندازه گیری شدند. سپس، رایج­ترین شاخص­های آلودگی را با استفاده از روش آلفا-برشها توسط اعداد فازی تعر Moreهدف این مقاله تعمیم شاخص­های آلودگی و تفسیر آن­ها به محیط فازی است. برای این منظور، ابتدا میزان فلزات سنگین در خاک توسط اعداد فازی اندازه گیری شدند. سپس، رایج­ترین شاخص­های آلودگی را با استفاده از روش آلفا-برشها توسط اعداد فازی تعریف شدند. برای ارزیابی میزان آلودگی فلزات سنگین در یک سطح خاص، درجه­ای از تعلق نیز پیشنهاد شد. در نهایت، روش پیشنهادی با یک مثال کاربردی مورد بررسی و تحلیل قرار گرفت. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - Prevalence of bacterial contamination of cord blood stem cells units stored in cord blood bank of the Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Qom between 2012 to 2015
mohsen sheykhhasan maryam faraji mahdieh ghiasiBackground and Objectives: Umbilical cord blood has been used as a major source of hematopoietic stem cells to treat a variety of blood diseases. There is bacterial contamination risk during sampling from the umbilical cord and the processing related to it. The aim of t MoreBackground and Objectives: Umbilical cord blood has been used as a major source of hematopoietic stem cells to treat a variety of blood diseases. There is bacterial contamination risk during sampling from the umbilical cord and the processing related to it. The aim of this study was to determine the origin and type of bacterial contamination contaminated samples available in cord blood bank of the Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Qom.Materials and Methods: In this study, 370 units of cord blood were collected and examined for bacterial contamination. In order to identify the source of pollution, preparation and determination culture strains was carry out in both blood sampling and finally to storage levels. Results were analyzed by SPSS software. Results: A total of 370 cord blood units, 5 units had bacterial contamination. The number of units in phase 2 was positive for bacterial cultures and 3 blood samples were also positive after processing.Conclusions: In this study, the rates of bacterial infections were reported as 5% in both the blood sampling and the processing, and the majority of isolated bacteria were of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis, however, due to the high value and importance of blood stem cell cord and the risk of septic transplantation, develop training programs in order to obtain a sterile preparation is necessary. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - Determination of bacterial contamination and evaluation of their antibiotic resistance in different parts of the Hazrat Masoumeh hospital in Qom City
maryam sadeghi Seyed Soheil AghaiiAbstract:Currently, microbial contamination in different parts of hospitals with opportunistic pathogenic bacteria and their antibiotic resistance are the most important factors in the prevalence of nosocomial infections. The purpose of this study was to isolate and ide MoreAbstract:Currently, microbial contamination in different parts of hospitals with opportunistic pathogenic bacteria and their antibiotic resistance are the most important factors in the prevalence of nosocomial infections. The purpose of this study was to isolate and identify contaminating bacteria in medical and non-medical equipment in Hazrate Masoumeh hospital Qom city (May-August2017). Methods: Sampling was done from oncology, infectious, ICU and NICU sections using sterile swabs and transfer in BHI broth. Then collected samples were streaked on Nutrient agar and incubated at 37° C for 24 h .The isolates were identified with phenotypic and biochemical standard tests. Antibiotic resistance of isolates was performed using agar disk diffusion method due to CLSI standards. Result: Out of 84 samples, 77 samples had bacterial contamination and 127 strains were isolated. The prevalence of bacterial isolates were Bacillus subtilis (18.59%), Bacillus cereus (13.18%), Pseudomonas (11.63%), and Staphylococcus epidermidis(11.62%) and Corynebacterium sp. (10.55%), respectively. Among of isolated strains, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Bacillus subtilis, had more than antibiotic resistance. The most antibiotic resistance was obtained for penicillin. The most isolates were sensitive to Amikacin ، Gentamycin، Ciprofloxacin. Conclusion: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most important opportunistic pathogens with multi drug resistant characteristic in nosocomial infections and hospital contamination. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - Investigation of microbial contamination of some dry medicinal plants in Yazd herbal shops
maryam heydar stbargh heydar meftahizadehBackground : The use of medicinal herbs for treatment has a long history around the world. Medicinal plants may be contaminated by many microorganisms. Therefore, the evaluation of the quality of the microbial load of medicinal plants is necessary due to the importance MoreBackground : The use of medicinal herbs for treatment has a long history around the world. Medicinal plants may be contaminated by many microorganisms. Therefore, the evaluation of the quality of the microbial load of medicinal plants is necessary due to the importance of these plants. The aim of this study was to Investigation of microbial contamination of some dry medicinal plants in Yazd herbal shops. method: In this study 35 samples of dried medicinal plants included: Zataria multiflora, Mentha spicata, Melissa officinalis, Borago officinalis, Valeriana wallichii, Cotoneaster kotschyi, Alhagi maurorum samples were collected randomly from different sources of Yazd city and And their microbial load was investigated. In order to determine the bacterial and fungal contamination of these plants, the purple method was used with specific culture medium. findings: The results showed that the highest and lowest microbial contamination in medicinal herbs was related to Borago officinalis and Valeriana wallichii. According to the results obtained from medicinal plants, Mentha spicata has the highest number of yeast and Cotoneaster kotschyi, with the least number of yeast. The pathogenic bacteria of Salmonella and Staphylococcus aureus were not detected in the plants. Conclusion: By identifying the microbial contamination of the herbs, it is possible to use the necessary precautions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
29 - A smart clinical Lab Assistant: From design to build
Saba Sadeghi Bigham Golsa Salari Fatemeh Rezaeian Maryam DavoudiIntroduction: Nowadays, scientific laboratories are moving towards becoming intelligent. However, reading the test steps and recording the findings is often still done by paper note-taking, which can cause the transfer of microbial (parasites, fungi, viruses, bacteria) MoreIntroduction: Nowadays, scientific laboratories are moving towards becoming intelligent. However, reading the test steps and recording the findings is often still done by paper note-taking, which can cause the transfer of microbial (parasites, fungi, viruses, bacteria) and chemicals (such as acrylamide and radioactive substances) contamination to the researcher's personal devices and notes. This sometimes even leads to the spread of pollution to spaces outside the laboratory. The purpose of this study is to design and implement an intelligent voice-controlled tool that can carry out the testing and recording of findings with voice commands to software designed on the researcher's mobile phone without the need to touch.Method: The proposed design consists of two parts, software, and hardware. Its "hardware" or "remote control" part consists of a PCB board that enables the control to connect to the mobile Wi-Fi through its ESP32 Wi-Fi module. Next to this board, a keyboard is designed which consists of 4 operation keys. For the software part, C Sharp programming language was used and it was developed using the Xamarian framework to design an Android application. This application provides the functionalities to perform an experiment.Findings: First, the correct operation of 4 keys was tested by the computer test, and by pressing each of the keys, the words Next', 'Previous', 'Record', and 'Play/Stop' appeared on the software installed on the laptop, which showed the command It is running correctly. In addition, upon exiting the software on the computer, the control lamp would also turn red, which indicates the correct disconnection. In the following, this test was repeated using a mobile phone with the Android operating system, which showed the correct communication and correct operation of the four operating keys.Discussion: In general, the designed laboratory audio assistant has been able to minimize the problem of transferring contamination to personal devices and researcher's notes when working with laboratory protocols and record findings with a new method. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
30 - Evalution bacterial contamination of E. coli and Staphylococcous aureus in Cream Filled Pastries in West Tehran city
Nazanin Khakipour Behrouz DastpeymanThis descriptive cross-sectional study was performed to investigate the presence or absence of bacterial contamination caused by Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus in creamy sweets in the west of Tehran. From 12 selected confectioneries in the west of Tehran, ab MoreThis descriptive cross-sectional study was performed to investigate the presence or absence of bacterial contamination caused by Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus in creamy sweets in the west of Tehran. From 12 selected confectioneries in the west of Tehran, about 500 grams of creamy sweets equivalent to 3 pieces (solid food sample) (according to the instructions of the standard number of samples required in food sampling) were prepared using simple random sampling method. In this study, in order to isolate and identify Escherichia coli bacteria, lauryl sulfate tryptase culture medium was used. Due to gas production and turbidity observed in all samples (36 samples), EC Broth selective culture medium was used for complementary and confirmatory steps. peptone water culture medium was used for confirmatory tests of Escherichia coli and differentiation from other fecal coliforms, coaxial reagent was used for final confirmation. Isolation of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria was done using Cooked Meat enrichment medium and due to the production of spherical or oval or spindle colonies that were created in the depth of the medium in all samples, from Baird Parker Agar culture as The base was used for the second stage and in continuation of coagulase test to confirm Staphylococcus aureus bacteria from other staphylococci, rabbit citrate plasma was used for confirmatory tests. By reviewing the data, the rate of bacterial contamination caused by Staphylococcus aureus in 36 samples was equal to 25% and the rate of bacterial contamination due to Escherichia coli in 36 samples was equal to 5%. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
31 - Bacterial Food Contamination in Iran
Nadi Kazem Sahrif Karar Abodlhadi Bshar Marhab Rihan Mehdi HassanshahianContamination and spoilage of food are important in many ways, such as health and the economy. Identification of food contamination can significantly help to improve food production and distribution processes and prevent the wastage of many resources. In Iran, many rese MoreContamination and spoilage of food are important in many ways, such as health and the economy. Identification of food contamination can significantly help to improve food production and distribution processes and prevent the wastage of many resources. In Iran, many researches have been carried out in this field during continuous periods of time, and a careful examination of these researches can provide valuable information. In this article, an attempt has been made to briefly review the types of food contamination in the dairy, meat, and confectionery categories in recent years in Iran and provide a bibliometric report of the documents published in the Scopus database without a time limit. The results of the investigations revealed that Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria are probably more important than other bacteria in this country. The low ratio of the number of review documents to articles and also the lack of publication of no book in this database can be of interest to researchers to collect, summarize and conclude this information, which will definitely be useful. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
32 - Assessment of Anthropogenic Activities on the Water Quality of Froumad Plain Based on Qualitative Indicators
Majid Otari Rahim DabiriTested water samples taken from the ophiolite region of Forumad show that most of the concentrations of calcium, magnesium, sodium, sulfate, potassium, bicarbonate, and nitrate elements are in the standard range. Hydrogeochemical studies of the water samples show the ex MoreTested water samples taken from the ophiolite region of Forumad show that most of the concentrations of calcium, magnesium, sodium, sulfate, potassium, bicarbonate, and nitrate elements are in the standard range. Hydrogeochemical studies of the water samples show the existence of magnesium sulfate, chloromagnesium, and chlorosodium. Results of measuring the physical properties of the water shows that the above values were lower than the 1053 standard of Iran and water hardness is higher than the standard in only some cases. Water pH in the studied region is within the alkaline range. Assessing the distribution of heavy metals through statistical methods (Pearson coefficient and cluster graph), two different origins (anthropogenic and lithological origins) have been identified that are responsible for the entry of heavy metals into the water resources of the studied region. The anthropogenic origin of the distribution of heavy metals in the region is due to local mining of the chromite and ophiolitic rocks and the lithological origin is a result of local mining of conglomerate and volcanic rocks. Evaluating the metal index of MI and HPI shows the water contamination by heavy metals. The zoning map shows that the metallic contamination surrounding Forumad village is low and reaches its maximum amount around the chromite Forumad mine. The qualitative index of GQI (non-metallic cations and anions including calcium, sodium, chlorine, magnesium, sulfate, and dissolved solids in water) shows that the water quality is within the acceptable range. Based on the zoning map, the water quality GQI index is higher in the downstream around Forumad village. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
33 - Geochemical evolution and petrogenesis of the eocene Kashmar granitoid rocks, NE Iran: implications for fractional crystallization and crustal contamination processes
Rahim Dabiri Mohsen Akbari-Mogaddam Mitra Ghaffari -
Open Access Article
34 - Assessment of Heavy Metal Contamination in Soils around of Khash Cement Plant, SE Iran
Mohammad Elyas Moslempour Sara Shahdadi20 soil samples collected from the vicinity of the Khash Cement plant, Iran, were analyzed for As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb and Zn using ICP-OES. The results revealed that the metal distribution were in a fluctuating manner considering various distances and direct More20 soil samples collected from the vicinity of the Khash Cement plant, Iran, were analyzed for As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb and Zn using ICP-OES. The results revealed that the metal distribution were in a fluctuating manner considering various distances and direction from the cement facility. However, it was observed that the mean concentration of the soil samples has no special trend with respect to distance and direction from the facility for most metals. However, the cement plant is a major source responsible for metal distribution, but it seems that uniformity in topography and vegetation is major factor to control this kind of distribution pattern. According to the index of geoaccumulation, the soils of the study area are considered to uncontaminated with respect to As,Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Mo, Pb and Zn. Cd and Ni shows uncontaminated to moderated contaminated characteristics. The result of enrichment factor show that, with the exception of Cd and Ni enrichment, all the metals were deficiency to minimal enriched in all the distances and directions considered for the study. The results of the metal analysis indicated that the environment under study is not at risk seriously.. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
35 - Assessment Effect of Organic Matter and Arsenic on Transfer Coefficient, Tolerance Index and Phytoremediation in Cress (Lepidium sativum L.)
Elahe Kardan Ali Gholami Alireza Jafarnejadi Khoshnaz Payandeh Ebrahim Panahpor -
Open Access Article
36 - Evaluation of microbial contamination of Nawrood River to E. coli and Coliform bacteria based on global standards
Farzin Sayyad Ghorbani Shirin Safoura alidoost NedamaniSurface water resources, especially rivers, have long been used for agriculture and agriculture. Today, due to the mechanization of the cultivation process, the expansion of agronomy of cultivation and industry, the unnecessary use of pesticides and pesticides, as well MoreSurface water resources, especially rivers, have long been used for agriculture and agriculture. Today, due to the mechanization of the cultivation process, the expansion of agronomy of cultivation and industry, the unnecessary use of pesticides and pesticides, as well as the expansion of industrial centers and production units around rivers, the pollution and their microbial contamination have increased dramatically. Limitation of underground water resources and the increasing need for water resources, especially water resources, monitoring needs and updated control systems along with periodic sampling and analysis to assess the physical, chemical and biological changes of water resources and microbial load control Concentrated and carriers in the rivers. In this research, the concentration of two bacteria of Escherichia coli and Kelifram, which are indicators of water pollution to human wastewater, is investigated in the Nervod River, one of the largest and most rivers in the southwestern basin of the Caspian Sea, passing through the city of Asalem We've been. For this purpose, six sampling stations ((from each of the 3 districts of the city, 2 stations), with a total length of 15 km, were selected in the districts of Varje valley, Khordgol and Isalem, and sampling them in two seasons of spring and summer 1396 One sample per month. The findings indicate an increase in the river's microbial load in the spring and its decrease in summer. Also, by comparing the results of the analysis with global standards, the water of the Nawarud River has a microbial load below the global standard and for use in non-drinking Direct and unpolluted. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
37 - Investigating the Pollution of Radioactive Elements Based on Airborn Radiometric Geophysical Measurements in Goljeh (Zanjan province)
Iren Hosseini , Shahram Baikpour Afshar ZiazarifiThe study area is located in the southeastern quarter of Hashtjin 1:100000 geological map in Zanjan province. The area is located in both Eastern Alborz and Central Iran geological settings and known as Gollejeh/ Gulluja region. A wide spectrum of extrusive and intrusiv MoreThe study area is located in the southeastern quarter of Hashtjin 1:100000 geological map in Zanjan province. The area is located in both Eastern Alborz and Central Iran geological settings and known as Gollejeh/ Gulluja region. A wide spectrum of extrusive and intrusive igneous rocks as well as volcanoclastic sediments are exposed in the investigated area. Structural elements such as faults along with lithological heterogenities led to differential erosion and creation a various topography. The aim of the study is to measure the contamination of the radioactive elements of uranium, thorium and potassium in such geological setting. A total of 52107 samples were systematically gathered by airborn radiometric geophysical method. Statistical analysis and iso-concentrational mapping overlain on the satellite and geological map of the area show that the high concentration of these radioactive elements is generally associated with the igneous rocks such as granitic rocks distributed in the eastern part of the study area (e.g. Varmaziarabd village). The low concentrations of the U, Th and K could mainly be observed over volcanoclastic rocks in the middle parts of the study area (e.g. Habash and Tristan villages). Average concentration of the radioactive elements does not show a serious contamination in the area, while the maximum concentration of the thorium elements exceeds the standard of WHO. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
38 - Petrology and petrography of quaternary volcanic rocks of north-northeastern Varzaghan (eastern Azarbaijan)
پروین Hajizadeh M.H EmamiThe studied area is located in the north-northeastern of Varzaghan in Eastern-Azarbaijan province, andfrom the structural point of view in Alborz-Azarbaijan Zone. In this area the Quaternary volcanicrocks are extended over the Pliocene units. The volcanic rocks under st MoreThe studied area is located in the north-northeastern of Varzaghan in Eastern-Azarbaijan province, andfrom the structural point of view in Alborz-Azarbaijan Zone. In this area the Quaternary volcanicrocks are extended over the Pliocene units. The volcanic rocks under study are basalt, trachybasalt,trachyandesite and basaltic trachyandesite. These rocks have porphyritic texture with microlitic matrixand their main minerals consist of pyroxene and plagioclase.On the basis of geochemistry studies the volcanic rocks in this area have alkaline nature with sodictendency and are enriched in light rare earth elements (LREE) and depleted in heavy rare earthelements (HREE). Petrographic and geochemistry evidences show the effect of mantle partial melting,fractional crystallization, contamination and continental crustal anatexy phenomena in formation ofvolcanic rocks. According to geotectonic diagrams these volcanic rocks belong to intercontinentalbasalts. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
39 - Environmental Geochemistry of Zarjoob River in Rasht City (Guilan Province)
Zahra Bahari Chahardah Shahroz Haghnazar Zarjoob River is located in north of Iran, Guilan province, Rasht city limits. During the study, the water and sediments of Zarjoob River were sampled in 5 places. According to geochemical studies on sediment and water of Zarjoob River it was found that there is More Zarjoob River is located in north of Iran, Guilan province, Rasht city limits. During the study, the water and sediments of Zarjoob River were sampled in 5 places. According to geochemical studies on sediment and water of Zarjoob River it was found that there is no environmental contamination in river's sediment but the analysis of river's water shows that the existence of elements of Cadmium, Cobalt, Mercury, Manganese, Nickel and Zinc in all samples of water specially in Rasht industrial city region and Golsar Bridge to Pirbazar are more than WHO standard and water standard of Iran. These elements' concentration changes process is affected by the arrival of urban- domestic and industrial wastewater. The concentration of these elements along the river (before, inside, and after Rasht city) has irregular changes. The amount of BOD of river's water in all stations except in one of them is more than the standard in Iran and it is due to the arrival of industrial, domestic and hospital wastewater along the river. The amount of COD in all stations is more than the water standard of Iran which is approximately 30 times more than the standards in Golsar region to Pirbazar and this indicates very severe water contamination in river. Heavy metals existed in international water enter the body of fish and other aquatic animals and they are accumulated in their body. Also the accumulation of heavy metals in plants' tissue finally enters food chain which could be the reason of developing gastrointestinal cancer and endocrine diseases in Guilan province. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
40 - The Study of geochemistry contamination of heavy metals in travertine deposits and soil in Gorveh- Takab Region, NW Iran
ریحانه Roshanak فرید Moor بهنام KeshavarziBiogeochemical cycle begins with rock, so geology and geochemistry of rock and soil erosion play the mostimportant role in the distribution and concentration of potentially toxic elements in each ecosystem. In this study,rock and soil samples from Gorveh, Bijar and Taka MoreBiogeochemical cycle begins with rock, so geology and geochemistry of rock and soil erosion play the mostimportant role in the distribution and concentration of potentially toxic elements in each ecosystem. In this study,rock and soil samples from Gorveh, Bijar and Takab cities were analyzed using ICP-MS instrumental method.Geochemical analyses indicate high amounts of heavy metals such as As, Ni, Cd, Se and Co in soil andtravertine samples, of which arsenic is prominent (>10000 ppm). XRD analysis revealed how heavy metals arepresent in the travertines of the area and by integrating mineralogical and geochemical results, the main reasonfor high concentration of As in these deposits was shown to be the presence of arsenic bearing minerals. Theenvironmental indices including enrichment factor, contamination factor, pollution load index, potentialecological risk index were calculated and indicated that the majority of the samples are categorized as highlycontaminated. Average arsenic concentration in rock and soil samples is 423 and 1089 (mg/kg) respectively. Themain reason for such high heavy metals contents -especially arsenic- in the area is believed to be the existence ofmany hot springs representing waning stages of volcanic activity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
41 - Investigating Arsenic Contamination and Pathways into Livestocks of Tekab Area, West Azerbaijan Province
Fatemeh Hashemi Farid Moore Behnam Keshavarzi Alireza Rahmani Shahraki Reza SharifiTo investigate the effects of livestock's arsenic toxicity in the study area, arsenic concentration measured in thesoil, forage and potable water along with livestock blood samples. Concentrations of arsenic in drinking waterof livestock is less than permissible concent MoreTo investigate the effects of livestock's arsenic toxicity in the study area, arsenic concentration measured in thesoil, forage and potable water along with livestock blood samples. Concentrations of arsenic in drinking waterof livestock is less than permissible concentration level reported by USEPA, WHO. Calculation ofgeoaccumulation index and Contamination factor indicate that most of the agricultural soils in the study area arecontaminated by arsenic. Comparison of arsenic mean concentration indicates that arsenic concentration is 53times greater than standard concentration in livestock forage. However, arsenic concentrations in blood samplesare higher than the control area, but still in the normal range. Hematological indices such as HB, RBC, PCV arenormal. The results suggest that despite the high concentration of arsenic in soil and plants, it has not beenpassed to livestock. This study shows that arsenic contamination in drinking water is probably the mostimportant rout for passing arsenic to livestock in contaminated areas. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
42 - Study effects of mining and gold extraction on amount of water contamination to As and Hg in Zarshoran area of Takab
behnam abbasi Ramin Maleki Hosein PirkharratiIn this study, seepage of heavy metals, As and Hg due to activities such as mining, ore transportation, gold refining that lead enter into ground and surface waters in Zarshoran area of Takab (south of west Azerbaijan province in Iran) were investigated. The MoreIn this study, seepage of heavy metals, As and Hg due to activities such as mining, ore transportation, gold refining that lead enter into ground and surface waters in Zarshoran area of Takab (south of west Azerbaijan province in Iran) were investigated. The sampling sites (n=16) selected around three different gold extraction factories and also out of industrial areas. Water samples were collected from wells, rivers and springs in polyethylene bottles according to standard methods in the mid of every season (2015). Samples of Hg acidified with 5ml Nitric acid and As samples acidified with 5ml Hcl and kept at 40c and transferred to laboratory. As and Hg analysis respectively determined by using atomic absorption spectrophotometer at hydride generation mode and cold vapor analyzer. Studies on gold ore deposits in Zarshoran area of Takab indicate that As and Hg exist in minerals of studied area. The obtained results show that the concentration of As in the studied area is higher than the standard level allowed for drinking water by world health organization and it is related to the geochemical composition of the soil in studied area. Also it was found that, the concentrations of Hg in surface waters decreases with distance from the industrial area so it means that, the gold ore processing had positive effect on solubility of the toxic heavy metals. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
43 - Geochemical and Environmental Assessment of the Heavy Metals in Robat Sefid Rigion (south of mashhad) Soil
Mohammad Ebrahim Fazel Valipour Banafshe Fazelvalipoor Rahim DabiriRobat sefid region located in mashhad to torbat road and surrounded with ophiolite outcrop serpentine formation that could be mentioned as source of Lithogenic contamination. Considering importance of this matter, in this paper heavy metal studying and evalu MoreRobat sefid region located in mashhad to torbat road and surrounded with ophiolite outcrop serpentine formation that could be mentioned as source of Lithogenic contamination. Considering importance of this matter, in this paper heavy metal studying and evaluation have been done in soil sources of robat sefid region. So heavy metal density in 11 soil samples have been studied and interoperated. For this aim multivariate statistical methods and index of geoaccumulation, enrichment factor, contamination factor and modified degree of contamination have been used. Correlations between elements have been evaluated with multivariate statistical methods (Pearson Correlation, Cluster Analysis and principle component analysis). Based on evaluations, ophiolite rocks (Serpentine، Gabbro، Dunite and Harzburgite) has been considered as Lithogenic source of elements in region. Based on index of geoaccumulation measurement for soil, Nicole has the highest rate of contamination in this region. Enrichment factor calculation shows that Nicole and Chromo have very high contamination and Cobalt has high contamination in this region. Also contamination factor measurement shows severe enrichment of Nicole in this region but region geology structures and ophiolite rocks weathering are the entrance source of these heavy metals and have Lithogenic source. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
44 - Evaluation of heavy metal (Zn, Cu, and Cd) contamination in the organs of wetlands Phragmites Australis and Typha Angustifolia in Anzali wetland
Farzin Sayyad Ghorbani ShirinHeavy metals are among the most important environmental pollutants that enter the sea through coastal areas and rivers and accumulate through the food chain in aquatic organisms (Ebadi et al., 2005). These elements enter the environment as a result of natural and human MoreHeavy metals are among the most important environmental pollutants that enter the sea through coastal areas and rivers and accumulate through the food chain in aquatic organisms (Ebadi et al., 2005). These elements enter the environment as a result of natural and human factors, especially industrial, agricultural and urban wastewater, and accumulate through aquatic food through chain food (Ismaili et al., 2009). Industrial activities increase the burden of heavy metals in the rivers. Aquatic plants have a high ability to measure heavy metals through the process of absorption and accumulation in their tissues due to deposition in the aquatic environment and nutrition from the bed. In this research, we measured the concentration of three heavy metals, Zn, Cu and Cd in sediment samples of wetlands and tissues of wetland Phragmites Australis and Typha angustifolia in Enzily Aziz wetland. For this purpose, three sampling stations were selected in the western part of the wetland and sampled in July 1397. From each station, 1 standard sediment sample was collected with standard van Wang standard and one sample of Phragmites Australis and Typha angustifolia was randomly harvested. Samples in the laboratory after drying and powdering were analyzed by acid digestion method and based on ASTM 2000 standard. The results of this study indicate that the average amount of zinc element in Phragmites Australis tissue from 3 stations was 2266.8 ppm, the average copper element was 8.7 ppm and the average element of cadmium was about 198. ppm. The average amount of zinc element in the tissue of Typha angustifolia was between 3 stations sampled at 315.6 ppm, the average element of copper was 10.66 ppm, and the average element of cadmium was about 49 ppm is. The concentration of zinc in the bedding of the wetland was about 26234 ppm, the concentration of Cozum element was about 22.2 ppm and cadmium was about 1.14 ppm. Evidence suggests increased zinc concentrations compared to other heavy metals found in the root tissues of Phragmites Australis and Typha angustifolia. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
45 - Assessment of heavy metal pollution in the surface sediments of Gamasiab River in Nahavand city
Maryam Saleh Mohsen Rezaei Ata Shakeri Ashkan JahandariThe objective of this study was to evaluate heavy metals such as As, Cd, Ni, Cr, Pb, Cu, V and Ni in the surface sediments of Gamasiab River. This river located in west of Iran and it is the most important river in Nahavand city, a wide range of human activities take pl MoreThe objective of this study was to evaluate heavy metals such as As, Cd, Ni, Cr, Pb, Cu, V and Ni in the surface sediments of Gamasiab River. This river located in west of Iran and it is the most important river in Nahavand city, a wide range of human activities take place along the river. Examples include fish farming and agriculture activities. So the assessment of heavy metals in sediments of the river is necessary. The results show that the heavy metal concentration in the sediments decreased in the order Cr>Zn>Ni>As>Pb>Co>Mo>Cd. Variety of methods used to evaluate sediment contamination with heavy metals as enrichment factor, pollution load index, comparison of sediment quality guidelines and potential ecological risk of heavy metals. According to enrichment factor index, As and Cd have anthropogenic originates while Cr and Ni have geogenic originates. Some stations show a very high degree of Pb contamination. Samples 1 , 3 and to a lesser extent 2,6 and 8 showed a highest degree of toxicity. The correlation coefficient was used for communication between the elements. Results show that the anthropogenic Pb, Cu, Zn, As and Cd inputs were mostly related to the urban and Agriculture activities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
46 - Study of geochemistry, tectonomagmatic environment and petrography of the Astaneh granitoid body (South-West of Arak)
Abbas AsgariAstaneh granitoid body with middle cretaceous age is located in south west of Arak and Sanandaj - Sirjanstructural zone. This body is composed quartz diorite, granodiorite, tonalite and monzo granite dikes andintruded into regional metamorphic rocks (S.S.B). Correlated MoreAstaneh granitoid body with middle cretaceous age is located in south west of Arak and Sanandaj - Sirjanstructural zone. This body is composed quartz diorite, granodiorite, tonalite and monzo granite dikes andintruded into regional metamorphic rocks (S.S.B). Correlated enrichment in LILEs compare to HFSEs and highYbLa,( 5)YbThreveal volcanic arc granites and existence enclave (Andalusite) and ratio of0 710448687( )I .SrSrshow high crustal contamination the partial of mantle wedge, subducted oceanic crust bylower continental crust, according probably this magmatism related to volcanic arc environment and is the resultof the subduction of Neo-Tethys oceanic plate below the Iranian continental crust. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
47 - Study on unnecessary elements in leafy vegetables of polluted farmland to heavy metals at around Shahr-e-Qods
بهزاد SaniContamination of soil and crops, including leafy vegetables consumed by heavy metals due to impropermanagement of farming systems in the world, human society has provided a cause of concern. In thisresearch, sampling from 10 farms for the study of heavy metals in leafy MoreContamination of soil and crops, including leafy vegetables consumed by heavy metals due to impropermanagement of farming systems in the world, human society has provided a cause of concern. In thisresearch, sampling from 10 farms for the study of heavy metals in leafy vegetables including lettuce(Lactuca sativa), spinach (Spinacia oleracea) and parsley (Petroselinum crispum) has been done. In orderto perform the sampling of leafy vegetables at the end of each field season 5 randomly sampled from thebeginning, end and middle of each plot were harvested and then each field contamination by heavy metalshas been studied. The results showed that the effect of heavy metals treatment was significant on leafyvegetables. Mean comparison showed that the highest Pb (0.17 mg/kg), Hg (0.02 mg/kg) and Cd (0.13mg/kg) in Spinach and highest Ni (0.10 mg/kg) was achieved Lettuce. Also, the lowest Pb (0.11mg/kg) andCd (0.10 mg/kg) in Lettuce, Ni (0.08 mg/kg) in Parsley and finally Hg heavy metal (0.02mg/kg) waslowest in Lettuce and Parsley. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
48 - Study of As, Pb and Cd presence in drinking water of groundwater sources of Ferdows and Tabas area
Nasrin Aghavali Masoumeh Nezhadali Mahnaz QomiConsumption of water contaminated with heavy metals can result adverse health effects in people. Standard value of drinking water was determined 10, 10 and 3µg/L for As, Pb and Cd in Iran. According to the determination of arsenic contamination in some parts of th MoreConsumption of water contaminated with heavy metals can result adverse health effects in people. Standard value of drinking water was determined 10, 10 and 3µg/L for As, Pb and Cd in Iran. According to the determination of arsenic contamination in some parts of the country, Study of drinking water resources must be done in all regions of the country at once. The present study aimed to determine the amount of arsenic, cadmium and lead in groundwater resources of Ferdows and Tabas area. A total of 4 wells of the city and the villages around Ferdows city and 5 wells and 3 mineral spring in Tabas city and its surroundings for supplying drinking water were sampled by standard method. Physicochemical parameters (EC, Eh, pH)were measured using a portable pH meter at the location. The heavy metals amount were determined by ICP-MS instrument. In studied samples, Cadmium and lead concentrations were less than limits of drinking water standards in the country and these metals pollutants do not exist in the waters of these areas, but arsenic concentrations exceeded from allowed level (10 μg/L) in two districts of Tabas and one area of Ferdows. The highest positive correlation of arsenic was found with pH and Eh. Due to high complication of arsenic contamination in drinking water and increasing use of groundwater as a source of drinking water in the country, it is necessary, in areas where arsenic contamination is higher than standard limit to replace by healthy sources as soon as possible and the periodic control should be on the agenda of responsible organizations for concentrations of arsenic in drinking water for residential areas. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
49 - Evaluation of bio removal nitrate by Thiobacillus denitrificance in the presence of quantum dot carbon stabilized zero valent iron nanoparticles (CQD-Fe0)
elahe hamdi behnam rasekh elahe tajbakhsh fatemeh yazdian maryam ghobehContamination of groundwater and surface water with nitrate has become a serious problem in many parts of the world. Adverse effects on aquatic ecosystems are one of the most important effects of high nitrate concentrations in aqueous solutions. Zero-valent iron (Fe 0) MoreContamination of groundwater and surface water with nitrate has become a serious problem in many parts of the world. Adverse effects on aquatic ecosystems are one of the most important effects of high nitrate concentrations in aqueous solutions. Zero-valent iron (Fe 0) metal nanoparticles are of great interest for the purification of toxic compounds from water. The aim of this study was to use nanostructure coated with carbon-quantum dot (CQD-Fe0) to investigate their role in biodenitrification of Thiobacillus denitrificance. For this purpose, Fe0 nanoparticles were synthesized by the liquid phase reduction method and for biocompatibility, uniform distribution and non-agglomeration, Fe0 was coated with carbon quantum-dot. Characterization of nanoparticles determined by XRD, TEM, FESEM, FTIR and DLS. The FTIR spectrum confirmed the formation of CQD and Fe0 bonds. The average diameter of CQD-Fe0 nanoparticles was observed in the range of 29.31-38.32. According to the results, with increasing temperature, growth and bio-nitrification activity of Thiobacillus denitrificance microorganism increases. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
50 - Statistical studies and investigation of environmental contamination of arsenic in stream sediments of Zaylik area, southeast of Ahar
Abolfazl Hasanzadeh Koulani Somayeh Baharlouei YancheshmehAbstractAccording to the statistical studies that were carried out in the Zylik mineralization zone, most of the samples collected from stream sediments show the concentration of arsenic (As) and antimony (Sb) higher than their Clarke concentration (Clarke number or cla MoreAbstractAccording to the statistical studies that were carried out in the Zylik mineralization zone, most of the samples collected from stream sediments show the concentration of arsenic (As) and antimony (Sb) higher than their Clarke concentration (Clarke number or clarke is the relative abundance of a chemical element, typically in Earth's crust). Also, according to the United States environmental protection agency (U.S. EPA) report, these values are higher than its standard for residential and industrial areas. According to the geochemical distribution map of these elements, the highest concentration of arsenic (As) is in the north and northeast and antimony (Sb) is in the north, south and east of the study area. It seems that this enrichment corresponds to the streams passing through the siliceous veins and caps in the north of the region. Therefore, this area can be the source of environmental contamination, which affects the ecosystem as a result. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
51 - Effect of Bio Phosphate Fertilizer and Triple Super Phosphate Application on Yield, Yield Components, Phosphorus and Cadmium Concentration of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) Seeds
Nadia Nisi Alireza Shokohfar Khoshnaz PayandehThe high cost of chemical fertilizers used in agriculture and the environmental problems due to their use reveal the need to reappraise conventional plant nutrition practices. Integrated use of biofertilizers combined with synthetic fertilizers is one of the essential s MoreThe high cost of chemical fertilizers used in agriculture and the environmental problems due to their use reveal the need to reappraise conventional plant nutrition practices. Integrated use of biofertilizers combined with synthetic fertilizers is one of the essential sustainable agricultural strategies. To this end, this study was carried out by using a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications at the experimental field of Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz Branch during 2018 cropping season. The first factor was different amounts of triple superphosphate fertilizer with three levels (0, 50 and 100 kg.ha-1) and the second factor was phosphorus biofertilizer also with three levels (0, 100 and 200 g.ha-1). Result of analysis of variance revealed that the effect of different levels of biophosphorus fertilizer and triple superphosphate on all measured characteristics were significant but the interaction effect of treatments was not significant. Based on the results of this study, the highest seed yield, 1000 seed weight, seed oil percentage, head diameter and number of seed per head and lowest empty seed belonged to the use of 100 kg.ha-1 triple superphosphate with 200 g.ha-1 biophosphorus fertilizer. It seems triple superphosphate fertilizer to increase the concentration of soil cadmium by 54%, due to its impurities, including heavy elements, but increasing the levels of phosphorus fertilizer in the soil reduces the concentration of cadmium by 45%. According to these results, the application of 100 kg.ha-1 of triple superphosphate and 200 g.ha-1 of phosphorus fertilizer per hectare, compared to other treatments, may increase seed yield and absorption of elements of sunflower in this region. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
52 - Determining the prevalence of Vibrio species in fish and shrimp caught in Qeshm City, Iran
Ebrahim Rahimi Mohammad amin Heidarzadi Najmeh Vahed dehkordiFish and shrimp are very good sources of nutrients such as omega-3 fatty acids, vitamin D, and protein, so they form an important part of people's diet; However, seafood can bring risks for consumers, so the purpose of this study is to investigate the prevalence of Vibr MoreFish and shrimp are very good sources of nutrients such as omega-3 fatty acids, vitamin D, and protein, so they form an important part of people's diet; However, seafood can bring risks for consumers, so the purpose of this study is to investigate the prevalence of Vibrio types in fish and shrimps caught in Qeshm city, Iran. In this study, 250 samples, 50 of each sample, including salted fish, Halvasfid, milkfish, shoe fish, and shrimp, were randomly taken from the beach of Qeshm City and transferred to the food hygiene laboratory of Shahrekord Azad University. The samples were tested according to the standard method of searching for Vibrio species. SPSS version 23 statistical software and chi-square statistical test were used for data analysis. The limit of significance in this study was considered (P<0.05). The results showed that the highest level of contamination among Vibrio was related to parahaemolyticus with 74% of contamination and the lowest level of contamination was related to alginolyticus with 14% of contamination. The contamination rate of salted fish, Halvasfid, milkfish, shoe fish, and shrimp were 30, 16, 6, 24, and 23% respectively. In this study, the risk of consuming raw, half-cooked, or undercooked products is clear. Therefore, it is important to pay attention to the hygiene principles after catching, i.e., freezing until the time of consumption and adequate cooking of the product. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
53 - Determination of microbial contamination in traditional and pasteurized butter samples, marketed in Birjand city
A. azhdari H.R. Kazemi seghaleButter is a dairy product made by churning fresh or fermented cream and is one of the most highly concentrated forms of fluid milk. The aim of this survey was to assess loads of microbial contamination in traditional and pasteurized butter samples marketed in Birjand ci MoreButter is a dairy product made by churning fresh or fermented cream and is one of the most highly concentrated forms of fluid milk. The aim of this survey was to assess loads of microbial contamination in traditional and pasteurized butter samples marketed in Birjand city, Iran. For this propose, totally 100 samples, including 60 samples of traditional butter and 40 samples of pasteurized butter, were collected randomly under sterile conditions and were analyzed according to the protocol of Iranian National Standards Organization. Data were analyzed with SPSS-19 software. The statistical analysis of data showed that the rate of contamination with coliforms, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and mold and yeast in the traditional butter samples were higher than Iranian Standard limits in 8.3%, 3.3%, 1.7% and 61.7%, respectively; meanwhile 7.5%, 7.5% and 27.5% of the pasteurized samples were contaminated with coliforms, E. coli, and mold and yeast, respectively. Contamination with S. aureus was not found in any of the pasteurized samples. There was no significant difference between contamination with coliforms, E. coli and S. aureus in traditional and pasteurized samples, however, this difference between mold and yeast was significant (P< 0.05). The results indicated that the microbial contamination in traditional and pasteurized butter samples was higher than standard limits in 65% and 27.5% of the samples, respectively which needs strict preventive measures. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
54 - Application of vacuum-steam-vacuum (VSV) technology for corn decontamination
M. Rezaee Fard M. Javanmard A. ZnouziCorn is a nutritious food which is stored in ensilage. Bacterial contamination is the most important problem in storage condition. Vacuum-Steam-Vacuum (VSV) Technology is a safe technique for microbial decontamination of food. In this methods decontaminating done by ste MoreCorn is a nutritious food which is stored in ensilage. Bacterial contamination is the most important problem in storage condition. Vacuum-Steam-Vacuum (VSV) Technology is a safe technique for microbial decontamination of food. In this methods decontaminating done by steam which effects thermally and mechanically to microbial destruction. Statistical Analysis was carried out based on full factorial designs that repeated three times in the form of random plan. Independent variables in this research were temperature (115, 120, 125 °C), steaming time (15, 20, 25 seconds) and first vacuum's time (60, 90 and 120). Dependent variables were Total bacterial load, Total moulds and yeast, moisture content, ash, sensory attributes (color, smell and overall acceptability). The results showed that the best bacterial decontamination was carried out in the following condition: treatment temperature 125 °C, the first vacuum time 90 s, steaming time 25 s and the second vacuum time 120 s. In this condition a decontamination rate of 4 log CFU for total bacterial count and 3.6 reduction log CFU in total mold and yeast was resulted. The highest percentage of moisture content in treated samples was 9.2 % which lower than national standards (13%). This technology as an applicable technique for food decontamination was advice. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
55 - The investigation of microbial contamination and Natamycin in industrial Dough produced in Ardabil
نسیم Soheili Ramin Atazadeh Azadeh JodaieNatamycin is a preservative used to control molds and yeast in dough; however, the Food and Drug Administration prohibits the use of any preservative in the production of dough. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the microbial contamination and natamycin concentra MoreNatamycin is a preservative used to control molds and yeast in dough; however, the Food and Drug Administration prohibits the use of any preservative in the production of dough. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the microbial contamination and natamycin concentration in 60 samples of dough from 10 dairy plants in Ardabil Province. Microbial tests were performed to determine the populations of coliforms, molds and yeasts as well as to detect Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli contamination. The results showed that the amount of natamycin in 73.33% of the samples was higher and 26.67% were determined lower than 10 ppm. In addition, the highest concentration of application was found among the samples obtained in the warm season. S. aureus and E. coli was not observed in any of the samples. On the other hand, 20% of the samples exceeded the standard limit for mold and yeast count; while 15% of the samples exceeded the standard for the coliforms. Considering the presence of microbial and natamycin contamination in some industrial dough samples and their unacceptable quality, measures must be taken to eliminate contaminants. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
56 - Assessment of microbial contamination in packed fresh vegetable to ready for use, in Mashhad
R. Ghodusi A. AzhdariVegetables are one of the main categories of the food pyramid and their consumption plays a vital role in the health promotion of the community. On the other hand, the incidence of microbial diseases caused by the consumption of contaminated vegetables has been increasi MoreVegetables are one of the main categories of the food pyramid and their consumption plays a vital role in the health promotion of the community. On the other hand, the incidence of microbial diseases caused by the consumption of contaminated vegetables has been increasing. The aim of this study was to determine the microbial contamination of different kinds of ready for use packaged vegetables in Mashhad, Iran. For this, a total of 200 vegetable samples were randomly collected from different regions of Mashhad. samples were examined with the standard methods in terms of the aerobic mesophilic bacteria, coliforms, Escherichia coli, mold, and parasitic eggs. Results showed that in 19%, 14%, 8%, 13%, and 3.5% of the samples, the contamination rate of aerobic mesophilic bacteria, coliform, Escherichia coli, mold, and the parasitic eggs was higher than Iranian National Standard limits, respectively. In addition, a total of 31% of the samples were unusable due to excessive microbial contamination. Therefore, producers and consumers should be given the necessary training to use hygienic rules and stricter preventive measuring is also recommended. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
57 - Presented in Qom city and the antibiotic resistance Investigation of the prevalence of Arcobacter, Pseudomonas, Campylobacter and Bacillus cereus in sandwiches of the isolates
Seyed erfan Hoseini nasab najmeh vahed dehkordi Ebrahim RahimiNowadays, due to the existence of different occupations, it is not possible to cook food for all the people of a society, and most of the people have turned to using ready-made foods, which, in addition to all its advantages, can be a source of They are important bacter MoreNowadays, due to the existence of different occupations, it is not possible to cook food for all the people of a society, and most of the people have turned to using ready-made foods, which, in addition to all its advantages, can be a source of They are important bacterial contaminations that cause the spread of gastroenteritis. In this regard, the aim of this study is to investigate the prevalence of Arcobacter, Pseudomonas, Campylobacter and Bacillus cereus in sandwiches offered in Qom city and the antibiotic resistance of the isolates. 120 samples, including 30 samples of samosas, salads, traditional chicken nuggets, traditional hamburgers from the supply centers of Qom city, were randomly separated and transported to the food hygiene laboratory of Shahrekord Azad University along with ice flasks to prevent secondary contamination. The standards were evaluated. The results showed that Arcobacter 28.83%, Pseudomonas 16.65%, Bacillus cereus 23.35% and Campylobacter 14.75% were the highest and lowest contamination rates for Arcobacter and Campylobacter respectively. The highest level of resistance to antibiotics was related to Bacillus cereus with 78.56% and the lowest resistance was related to Campylobacter with 53.7%. Therefore, it is recommended to reduce the consumption of street food to a minimum, and in case of gastroenteritis caused by food contamination, the use of antibiotics should also be minimized. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
58 - Identification of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis in raw and pasteurized milk samples using culture, IS900 PCR and IS900 nested PCR methods
M. SoltaniMycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP), the causative agent of Johne’s disease, is a very slow-growing bacterium that imposes heavy costs on livestock-related industries. Due to the similar clinical and pathological symptoms in Johne& MoreMycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP), the causative agent of Johne’s disease, is a very slow-growing bacterium that imposes heavy costs on livestock-related industries. Due to the similar clinical and pathological symptoms in Johne’s and Crohn’s diseases, MAP is likely to play a role in the development and progression of Crohn’s disease. Hence, the possibility of transferring MAP through milk has created many concerns. To investigate the status of MAP contamination in raw and pasteurized milk samples in Kerman province, three diagnostic methods, including culture, IS900 PCR, and IS900 nested PCR was used. The results showed that the level of contamination with MAP in raw milk was relatively high in the studied herds. Based on culture, PCR, and nested PCR assays, 4.38%, 9.16%, and 13.55% were found positive, respectively. In pasteurized milk samples, 1.12%, 3.93%, and 6.18% were found positive for MAP by culture, PCR, and nested PCR, respectively. Comparing the methods used in this study demonstrated the best capability of nested PCR to detect MAP contamination. High levels of MAP contamination in raw milk on the one hand and relatively high resistance to thermal treatments, along with its intracellular characteristics, cause more survival of this bacterium, especially in the milk pasteurization process. Therefore, food hygiene researchers should pay more attention to the public health hazard caused by this bacterium. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
59 - Investigating the amount of heavy metals and the prevalence of Campylobacter, Escherichia coli, Salmonella and Staphylococcus aureus contamination of button mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus) presentation in Isfahan city
Maryam Sadat Emami Amir Shakerian Ebrahim RahimiOne of the products that is able to provide vitamins and amino acids needed for humans in the current conditions is edible button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus). Despite its properties, this food item can be the cause of many minerals and heavy metals due to its direct co MoreOne of the products that is able to provide vitamins and amino acids needed for humans in the current conditions is edible button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus). Despite its properties, this food item can be the cause of many minerals and heavy metals due to its direct connection with the soil. The aim of this study was to investigate the amount of heavy metals and fungal acids in Campylobacter, Escherichia coli, Salmonella and Staphylococcus aureus in Isfahan city. In this study, 100 samples of edible button mushrooms were randomly selected from the supply centers of this product in Isfahan city and transported to the food hygiene laboratory of Shahrekord Azad University for chemical and microbiological tests. SPSS version 23 software and chi-square statistical analysis were used to analyze the data. According to the obtained results, out of 100 samples, 24 samples (24%) were infected with Campylobacter, 17 samples (17%) with Escherichia coli, 40 samples (40%) with Salmonella and 56 samples (56%) with Staphylococcus aureus. . Also, according to the results, the consumption of heavy metals, including lead, cadmium and arsenic, exceeded the standard. Based on the results obtained from the present study and pathogenic bacteria in mushrooms, it is necessary to be extremely careful in preparing edible mushrooms and refuse to eat them raw. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
60 - Investigating of the bacteriological contamination in traditionally manufactured ice creams in Urmia city
حسن Hassanzadazar رضا Abdollahi GH Haj Gholizadeh محمد Dalir Rad تورج MehdizadehIce cream is a popular dairy product especially in warm seasons. Due to its lengthy shelf life, it is considered as one of the potentially high-risk foods in transmission of food-borne pathogens. The aim of this study was to evaluate the bacterial contamination of ice c MoreIce cream is a popular dairy product especially in warm seasons. Due to its lengthy shelf life, it is considered as one of the potentially high-risk foods in transmission of food-borne pathogens. The aim of this study was to evaluate the bacterial contamination of ice cream in Urmia city. To achieve this goal, Urmia city was divided into four regions based on scattering of the ice cream retailers. Afterwards, 144 samples were purchased from traditional retails using cluster sampling method. Bacterial contamination of the samples was analyzed according to the procedures of the Iranian National Standards. Based on the results, 78% of the samples contained the load of contamination higher than 4.2 × 107 CFU/g. Moreover, 82.9% of the samples were contaminated with more than 10 CFU of Enterobacteriaceae per gram. Results also revealed that 52.2% and 2.8% of the samples were contaminated with E. coli and coagulase positive Staphylococcus aureus, respectively. Salmonella was not detected in any of the samples. High microbial contaminations in traditional ice creams represent non-hygienic practices at different stages of production. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
61 - Molds contamination of raw milk and dairy products: Occurrence, diversity and contamination source
طاهره Moshtaghi Maleki شهرام HanifianThis study aimed to assess the occurrence and diversity of mold species in raw milk and its products along with the identification of potential contamination sources. For this reason, a total of 260 samples consisting of 80 raw milk, 100 dairy products (i.e., pasteurize MoreThis study aimed to assess the occurrence and diversity of mold species in raw milk and its products along with the identification of potential contamination sources. For this reason, a total of 260 samples consisting of 80 raw milk, 100 dairy products (i.e., pasteurized milk, yoghurt, cheese and buttermilk) and 80 environmental (i.e. ingredients, packaging materials, surface of processing equipments and air) specimens were collected. Using culture assay and microscopic observation, the occurrence as well as the diversity of mold species was investigated. According to the results, 82.3% of the samples were identified as positive for mold contamination. The percentage of mold contamination for raw milk was estimated as 97.5%. In the case of pasteurized milk, yoghurt, buttermilk, cheese and environmental samples, it was determined as 52%, 76%, 52%, 56% and 96.25%, respectively. Mold diversity among various samples consisted of Aspergillus, Geotrichum, Penicillium, Mucor, Alternaria, Rhizopus, Stemphylium, Cladosporium, and Fusarium. Results revealed a significant (p < 0.01) correlation between kind of mold species isolated from raw milk and dairy products. Similarly, a correlation was observed between dairy products and environmental sources. Regarding the high occurrence of mold contamination in raw milk and environmental sources, it seems that in some instances heat treatment was not effective enough to inactivate all molds; whereas in some other cases, cross contamination may have resulted in mold contamination. Therefore, it is crucial to maintain hygienic conditions during raw milk handling as well as processing steps. These practices could efficiently reduce the occurrence of mold contaminations in dairy products. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
62 - Study on the overview on food borne bacteria in food with animal origin in Iran; Part three: seafood
S.S Shekarforoush S.M Razavi Rohani گیتی karim S.M.M Kiaie نوردهر Rokni مریم AbbasvaliThe current retrospective study was focused on the contamination of seafood in Iran during the years 1999 to 2012. The isolates were Clostridium botulinum, Clostridium perferingense, Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella, Shigella, Staphylococcus aureus a MoreThe current retrospective study was focused on the contamination of seafood in Iran during the years 1999 to 2012. The isolates were Clostridium botulinum, Clostridium perferingense, Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella, Shigella, Staphylococcus aureus and Vibrio parahemolyticus. C. botulinum type E was the most prevalent type of bacteria in the fisheries products, responsible for the most cases of botulinal food poisoning. The presence of coliforms and E. coli in the seafood was due to environmental pollution. Additionally, in the processed food, the contamination of potable water and poor handling of the products are the main sources. L. monocytogenes was isolated from fresh, frozen and processed food. The microorganism is able to grow in the refrigeration condition and multiply in the processed food. The temperature of cold smoking (20-30 ºC) cannot stop growing of Listeria. High prevalence of Salmonella in water and fisheries product was mainly because of the low environmental sanitation and various geographical conditions. However, Compost fertilizer and flowing of the swages through the farms were considered as the major source of contamination. S. aureus is not a typical microorganism of the fisheries farms but may contaminate them during the processing or in-appropriate handling of the products. V. Parahemolyticus is a normal habitant organism of the pelagic area. The organism usually find in the warm water and presents in the tropical conditions. Different species of Vibrio may contaminate the salty water in the warm seasons and so contaminate the aquatics farms in these areas. In general, the prevalence of vibriosis was associated with the consumption of semi-cooked food stuff and/or the secondary contamination of the processed ones. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
63 - A comparative study of bacterial agents in eggs, with or without eggshell's contamination that produced in Tabriz.
منصور Khakpoor مجتبی BozorgniaZoonotic bacterial diseases are considered as the most important human infectious diseases. In this category, a disease that transfer and infect human through food has an special role. Among foods with animal origin, eggs due to their application as food ingredient in f MoreZoonotic bacterial diseases are considered as the most important human infectious diseases. In this category, a disease that transfer and infect human through food has an special role. Among foods with animal origin, eggs due to their application as food ingredient in food products, like sauces, spices, ice creams and other food products that may use in half cooked or crude forms, always has the potential to transfer microbial pathogens to human. This study is about to prove that presence of remainder feces on eggshells leads the penetration of bacterial agents into egg yolk. A total of 120 daily egg samples (with and without fecal contamination) were collected from henneries around Tabriz and transferred immediately to microbiology laboratory. After performing microbial examinations (using BHI Broth, BHI Agar, Blood Agar, Selenite F, Tetrationate, XLD,SS Agar),Gram Staining, Oxidase and Catalase tests, bacteria of eggshells and egg yolks has been identified. Out of 120 eggs, 15.83% bacterial contaminants were found in egg yolks samples. Among them, 73.68% were gram negative and 26.31% were gram positive. Among gram negatives, Pseudomonas with occurrence of 8.3% and in gram positives group, Bacillus with abundance of 4.16% were the most frequent bacterias. Also in samples collected from eggshells, 99.16% of the eggs demonstrated bacterial contamination which 23.55% of positive samples were among gram negative group and 76.44% were gram positive. The most contribution of eggshell gram negative bacterias were relevant to Pseudomonas, E.coli, Proteus and Citrobacter with respectively 18.33%,10.83%,5.83% and 4.16% rations. Among gram positive bacteria that isolates form eggshell samples for the most frequent bacterias, were Bacillus, Staphylococccus, Streptococcus, Rhodococcus and Micrococcus with respectively 80.00%, 34.16%, 15%, 9.16% and 7.5% rations. Use and consumption of eggs with shells contaminated with faces in food products is a serious risk factor for human health and can lead to zoonotic bacterial diseases by transferring bacterial pathogens. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
64 - Assessment of Lead and cadmium contamination and influencing factors in raw milk from regions of Hamadan province
علیاصغر Vahidinia ایرج Salehi هادی Beyginegad جلال Pourtaghi زهرا nazari M.R MoradiRegarding the significance of harmful effects of heavy metals in human diet, this study aimed to investigate the concentrations of lead and cadmium in raw milk samples. To achieve this goal, a total number of 48 samples was collected from various regions of Hamadan  MoreRegarding the significance of harmful effects of heavy metals in human diet, this study aimed to investigate the concentrations of lead and cadmium in raw milk samples. To achieve this goal, a total number of 48 samples was collected from various regions of Hamadan province during April 2011. The samples were analyzed by atomic absorption spectroscopy. According to the results, the mean concentrations of lead and cadmium estimated at 4.48 and 3.21µg/kg, respectively which were below the approved level determined by WHO as well as FAO. Although, concentrations of Pb and Cd among the various sampling regions revealed a significant (p<0.01) difference, a correlation was not observed between heavy metal concentrations and influencing factors such as density of cars, industrial plants as well as human populations in each region. Results showed that Pb and Cd concentrations were higher in the area where metal mines were located. It seems that the elements could enter the animal’s body via the contaminated feed and water. Due to the importance of this issue, complementary investigations are necessary. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
65 - Study of Beef Carcass Bacterial Contamination in Karajrak Slaughterhouse
V.A Koohdar Carcass meat is sterile immediately after slaughtering, but surface contamination takes place during and after dressing. Slaughter processes have very important role in increase or decrease of microbial contamination. In this study, neck, posterior side of More Carcass meat is sterile immediately after slaughtering, but surface contamination takes place during and after dressing. Slaughter processes have very important role in increase or decrease of microbial contamination. In this study, neck, posterior side of the foreleg, flank and rump sites of 10 beef carcasses were sampled with indirect swabbing method at post skinning, before trimming and post final washing, to evaluation of these operational steps effect on bacterial population. Bacteriological examination (aerobic plate counts at 37°C, Escherichia coli enumeration and Salmonella identification) were obtained from the samples. The results indicated that posterior side of the foreleg and trimming were the most contaminated site and stage for aerobic plate counts, respectively. Cold water washing of carcass has significant effect (p<0.05) on decrease of microbial population from neck and rump, but it was ineffective in removing microbial contamination. The posterior side of the foreleg was the most contaminated site for Escherichia coli and salmonellawas detected only on trimming step of slaughtering. With due attention to low aerobic plate counts, Escherichia coli enumeration and absence of salmonella in samples after final washing, operating procedures are satisfactory in this bovine slaughterhouse. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
66 - Study on the overview on foodborne bacteria in food with animal origin in Iran; Part four: Poultry and egg
S.S Shekarforoush S.M.M Kiaie گیتی Karim S.M Razavi Rohani نوردهر Rokni مریم Abbasvali In this study, the contamination of poultry meat and eggs to pathogenic bacteria was investigated in Iran, for over three decades. Health assessment of these two products is highly important due to their high level of consumption and consequent health risks More In this study, the contamination of poultry meat and eggs to pathogenic bacteria was investigated in Iran, for over three decades. Health assessment of these two products is highly important due to their high level of consumption and consequent health risks of food borne diseases such as salmonellosis. Many reports indicate the presence of majority of pathogenic bacteria such as campylobacter, staphylococci, salmonellas, etc. in the poultry abattoirs across the country. It seems that most of these contaminations had been occurred through cross contamination during slaughtering or other stages of processing. Although many bacterial contaminations have been reported in eggs (e.g., streptococci, staphylococci, or Escherichia coli), most of studies have focused on salmonella as eggs are among the major transmission routes of this bacterium. In several suveys, salmonella has been isolated from the shell of the eggs of native breeds. According to the studies, campylobacter contamination has not been reported. Moreober, occurrence rate with other bacteria species was very low. It seems that due to the high proportions of chicken meat and eggs in the food basket of community, even low levels of contamination could be of great concern. It was concluded that maintaining of hygienic conditions and improving the knowledge of producers in the food production chain could be effective in reducing the overall contamination of pathogenic bacterial. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
67 - Serologic investigation of the prevalence of Equine infectious anemia virus in Tabriz area
علی Hassanpour A.P Rezaei Saber فرهاد MosakhaniAbstract Equine infectious anemia (EIA) is caused by the equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV), which infects the animals in the family Equidae and is classified in the subfamily Lentivirinae of the family Retroviridae. The disease leads to fever, hemolytic ane MoreAbstract Equine infectious anemia (EIA) is caused by the equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV), which infects the animals in the family Equidae and is classified in the subfamily Lentivirinae of the family Retroviridae. The disease leads to fever, hemolytic anemias, icterus, depression and chronic weight loss. This study was conducted on 287 horses (200 male and 87 female) in Tabriz area in Iran in order to determine the seroprevalence of equine infectious anemia. Blood was collected from all horses and the sera were analyzed for the presence of antibodies to equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) using an ELISA test with IDEXX kit. The mean of Optical Density (OD) was 0.372± 0.016. In these samples the lowest and highest levels were 0.273 and 0.511 respectively. There was no positive case according to the observed results. Mean OD was 0.381± 0.014 in male horses and 0.387±0.010 in female horses, and there was no significant difference between the two groups (P= 0.356). The horses were studied in four age groups: 1-3 (54 horses), 3-6 (125 horses), 6-9 (70 horses) and over 9 years old (38 horses). Mean OD was 0.373±0.011, 0.381±0.012, 0.383±0.009, 0.388±0.017 in these groups respectively. The results revealed that none of the horses were positive for antibodies to EIAV. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
68 - The effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles on sterilization, establishment, and proliferation of lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.)
Ehsan Soraya Gholamreza Gohari Alireza Motallebi Azar Saeedeh Alizadeh SaletehPlant tissue culture is one of the most important techniques for the production of secondary metabolites. Plant cells are an important and appropriate source for the production of various valuable secondary metabolites. Melissa officinalis L. is an important medicinal p MorePlant tissue culture is one of the most important techniques for the production of secondary metabolites. Plant cells are an important and appropriate source for the production of various valuable secondary metabolites. Melissa officinalis L. is an important medicinal plant with applications in treatment and alleviation of heart, nervous system, and gastrointestinal diseases, and particularly in memory enhancement and Alzheimer. This study investigated the effect of various concentrations of zinc oxide nanoparticles (0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 mg l-1) on disinfection stages, establishment, and proliferation of the lemon balm. Also, in order to study the effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles on establishment and proliferation of the lemon balm, explants were cultivated in murashige and skoog media containing zinc oxide nanoparticles at four different concentrations (0, 25, 50 and 75 mg L-1). Results showed that application of 200 mg l-1 zinc oxide nanoparticles significantly reduced fungal and bacterial infections and the number of healthy plantlets was more compared to the other treatments. Also, the second experiment showed that with an increase in the concentration of zinc oxide nanoparticles, the growth and proliferation decreased. Among different concentrations of zinc oxide nanoparticles, 25 mg L-1 had the maximum effect with significant increase in chlorophyll content while 25 and 50 mg L-1 zinc oxide nanoparticle concentrations had the maximum effect on increasing carotenoid contents. According to the findings,خطای ترجمه application of zinc oxide nanoparticles at low concentration (25 mg L-1) improved water and mineral uptake and eventually resulted in an improved growth and proliferation of Melissa officinalis L. plants Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
69 - Evaluation of Microbial quality of food samples collected in the East region of Gilan
علیرضا مسیحا Mohammad reza Khoshkholgh Khosro IsazadehBacterias are considerd as the most important factor to cause infections and food poisoning, so that microbial contamination in food is thought to be an increasing worldwide crisis. Current studies have been conducted aiming to determine the microbial contamination rate MoreBacterias are considerd as the most important factor to cause infections and food poisoning, so that microbial contamination in food is thought to be an increasing worldwide crisis. Current studies have been conducted aiming to determine the microbial contamination rate in food samples in East Gilan. In this cross-sectional descriptive study, 606 different food samples have been randomly sampled and sent to Azan university of Lahijan according to the type and source, in order to determine the diversity of bacterial quality of foods, and moreover have undergone the experiment as for assessing the bacterial contamination. This study has shown that the bacterias of Escherichia coli, coliform Mesophile are taken into connsideration as the most pollutant foods (P<0.001).So that the sum of 11/55% contamination with E. coli, 6/97% contamination Mesophile and 6/8% contamination of the observed forms have to do with coliforms, The highest rate of bacterial contamination are linked with lettuce salad, sweets, handmade juices, local milk and traditional ice cream. Among the sweets, the contamination to coliforms was 11% higher than other bacerias, and accordingly in dairy products, the contamination to Escherichia coli 7.9%, Escherichia coli in juices 15%, coliforms in fruits and vegetables 3.6% and Escherichia coli in protein foods have shown the highest contamination. Noting the findings in this study, in order to prevent the microbial contamination in foods, personal awareness, observing the sanitation, surveillance in preparation, transportation, storage and supply of food are all of great necessity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
70 - Evaluate the inhibitory activity of ZnO nanoparticles against standard strains and isolates of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli isolated from food samples
alireaz masiha maryam baradaran khosro isazadehThe antibacterial effect of different concentrations of zinc oxide nanoparticles on standard and isolated S. aureus and E. coli from food were studied. In this experimental study, suspension has been prepared from commercial ZnO nanoparticles in broth medium. After prep MoreThe antibacterial effect of different concentrations of zinc oxide nanoparticles on standard and isolated S. aureus and E. coli from food were studied. In this experimental study, suspension has been prepared from commercial ZnO nanoparticles in broth medium. After preparing standard strain and the strain were isolated from food samples, the effect of 1 and 2 times of Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and also MBC test for ZnO nanoparticles on bacteria in different time were analyzed. According to the results obtained in this study, the maximum diameter of growth inhibition related to the concentration in5000 μg/ml zinc oxide nanoparticles for standard and isolated strain of E. coli. The average diameter of growth inhibition of standard strain of E. coli PTCC1399 and S. aureus PTCC11189 respectively were17.4 and 20.5 mm. The average diameter of the growth of E. coli and S. aureus isolated from foods respectively were 18.4 and 15.4 mm. A comparison of average MIC and MBC ZnO nanoparticles on the bacteria strains by Duncan test (p˂0.005) showed that the MBC is higher than the MIC in whole position bacteria. A ZnO nanoparticle among bacteria has most inhibition onS.aureu and for E. coli ST showed least impact. Results showed that mean comparison testis significantly different. Among times, zero time has the highest OD and the lowest OD was obtained in 240 second. This study showed that zinc oxide nanoparticles can be used to inhibit mentioned bacteria and can be a potential for alternative preservatives to prevent food spoilage possess. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
71 - Survey of the total microbial count and the rate of contamination to coliform, staphylococcus aureus and mold and yeast in traditional cheese in Birjand during 2015
bizhan baniassadi Ataalah azhdariCheese is a fermented milk product with high nutritional value. Traditional cheese has an important role in family meals in Iran and especially in South Khorasan. According to the conditions of production, storage and sale, the possibility of microbial contamination in MoreCheese is a fermented milk product with high nutritional value. Traditional cheese has an important role in family meals in Iran and especially in South Khorasan. According to the conditions of production, storage and sale, the possibility of microbial contamination in this product is very high and so it can cause a variety of food borne diseases in consumers. The aim of This Survey was measurement and determination of microbial contamination in traditional cheeses which were marketed in Birjand. For this propose, Birjand city was divided into four regions (North, South, East and West) and 15 samples of traditional cheese were collected from each region (totally 60 samples) under sterile conditions and studied with standard methods of Iranian national standards organization. Data were analyzed with SPSS software. The statistical analysis of the data showed that the total microbial count (TC) and the rate of contamination with coliforms, staphylococcus aureus and mold and yeast were greater than Iranian standard limits in all samples and also in 93.33% of samples Escherichia coli was isolated. The results obtained in this study concluded that traditional cheese in Birjand has a high microbial contamination and more strict preventive measures are necessary. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
72 - Determination of microbial contamination of olovie salads consumed in Isfahan
مریم عباس والی ندا وهابی انارکیIncreasing use of ready to eat foods is because of changing in lifestyle, increasing urbanization and benefits of this food in terms of ease of use and time-saving preparations. Microbial contamination of foods such as Olovie salad, without any secondary processing stag MoreIncreasing use of ready to eat foods is because of changing in lifestyle, increasing urbanization and benefits of this food in terms of ease of use and time-saving preparations. Microbial contamination of foods such as Olovie salad, without any secondary processing stage, is very serious. In this study, 102 samples including 48 samples of Olovie salad produced by industrial units and 54 samples produced in traditional units in Isfahan were purchased and their microbial contamination compared with the Iranian standard number 17813. The results showed that 60.4 % of industrial and just 7.4% of traditional samples were in accordance with the national standard in all microbial tests. Industrial samples showed significant difference just in contamination with Staphylococcus aureus (P<0.001). Sandwich shops that were graded in terms of visible hygiene and equipment, were significantly different only in total bacteria and coliforms count (P<0.01). From 26 samples prepared in traditional units with grade one, 22 samples (84.6%) and all 28 samples prepared from the traditional units grade two (100%) were rejected according to relevant standard. Traditional and industrial samples showed significant difference in all microbial tests except contamination with Clostridium perfringens (P<0.01). The results showed microbial contamination of Olovie salads in markets of Isfahan. More contamination in traditional samples is result of frequent training of personal and general hygiene in factories, cleaning and disinfection of equipment, familiarity with the principles of GMP, frequent inspection and requirement of presence of quality control managers at time of production. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
73 - Detection of staphylococcus areus and salmonella typimurium in traditional and industrial olivie salads in shahrekord city
فروغ تاج بخش Elaheh Tajbakhsh manouchehr MoumeniReady to eat foods, food products are moved through some kind of process and can be eaten without heat treatment. In this study, 50 samples of Olivier salad (30 industrial and 20 traditional) in Shahrekord, were tested for detection of Salmonella typimuriumand Staphyloc MoreReady to eat foods, food products are moved through some kind of process and can be eaten without heat treatment. In this study, 50 samples of Olivier salad (30 industrial and 20 traditional) in Shahrekord, were tested for detection of Salmonella typimuriumand Staphylococcus aureus by microbiological and molecular methods. Contamination of S. aureus and S. typhimurium was found in 46% and 34.8% of the industrial and traditional samples, respectively. Contamination of S. aureus in industrial Olivier salad was found to be 65.2% and in traditional Olivier salad was 34.8%. Contamination of Salmonella typhimuriumwas 55.6 and 44.4% in industrial and traditional olivier salad. Olivier salad's production process is manually and it is possible to be contaminated by machine and human. The ingredients may be kept under inappropriate temperature conditions for a long time. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
74 - Study of coliform bacteria contamination of ice factory in urmia city
Nahid Navidjoy Anahita Dehghani Farshad Bahrami Jafar Ghasemi Sima Karim ZadehThe important of transmission of pathogens through ice is not less than transmission it through the water. The cause's ice contamination is contaminated water, unhealthy ways of transit, distribution and inappropriate keeping conditions. In this cross-sectional study, a MoreThe important of transmission of pathogens through ice is not less than transmission it through the water. The cause's ice contamination is contaminated water, unhealthy ways of transit, distribution and inappropriate keeping conditions. In this cross-sectional study, a total sample of 36 from four factories, ice storage of Urmia City is selected randomly from 3 parts of feed water, production process and ice output in the summer. The samples are investigated from the view of total coli form and fecal coli form. The health condition of factories and the method of chlorination of water resources are assessed by check list. The results showed that, 50 percent of the samples of raw feed water to ice maker factories and the product process more than standard and 16.67% from them contaminated with fecal coli form. And in ice output 58.33% and 8.33%. The survey about health condition of factories showed that, 75% factories in order to buildings position and personal health, 56.2% with tools and 25% by chlorination in were appropriate situation, but the method preservation and storage of all factories were inappropriate from the view of health. The survey results showed that, lack of water chlorination to ice maker factories is the main factor of bacterial contamination of ice production. Therefore, authorities should pay more attention on microbiological health conditions of ice including microbiological investigation and supervision on production process distribution and transit. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
75 - Prevalence of hydrogen peroxide contamination in sterilized milk samples distributed in Isfahan market
مریم میرلوحی محمد باقر ملجئی آذین پور خلیلیIntroduction: Hydrogen peroxide is commonly used as disinfectant for sterilization of food contact materials. In dairy industry, contamination of milk with H2O2 residue is likely due to its leakage from the disinfected surfaces resulting in development of oxidative spoi MoreIntroduction: Hydrogen peroxide is commonly used as disinfectant for sterilization of food contact materials. In dairy industry, contamination of milk with H2O2 residue is likely due to its leakage from the disinfected surfaces resulting in development of oxidative spoilage of milk. Since no report has been documented on the prevalence of such contamination in food stuff in Iran, this study aimed to measure the prevalence of H2O2 in sterilized milk samples, collected from Isfahan market in 2013. Methods: A total of 20 tetra-pack sterilized milk samples from 7 different brand were randomly collected from the market. All the samples were 250ml in volume. In order to measure the H2O2 concentration a colometric method was adapted based on catalase reaction and measurement of light absorption at 400nm. Results: H2O2 residue was detected in all tested samples ranging from 0.14-1.62 ppm. Fifteen samples (75%) contained H2O2 levels greater than its regulated level by international organization (0.5 ppm). Accordingly, the results of one-sample t-test showed that the average amount of detected H2O2 concentration in the tested sample is higher than the standard value. Conclusion: Regarding the H2O2 contamination of the tested milk samples revealed in this study and due to lack of any regulation limit for H2O2 in sterilized milk in Iran, presentation and documentation of standards introducing reliable method for detection and monitoring of H2O2 in the sterilized milk along with its limits is highly recommended. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
76 - Determine the effect of an increase in the general level of prices on food health: a retrospective study
mahmoud BakhshinejadThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of monetary shocks and food prices on food health. And it's important and necessary in many ways. The most important is food and nutrition security in Iran, food and nutrition security is achieved when all people A MoreThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of monetary shocks and food prices on food health. And it's important and necessary in many ways. The most important is food and nutrition security in Iran, food and nutrition security is achieved when all people At all times, the quantity and quality of the various foods with safe food content will be used to meet the needs and have a healthy and active life with health, a healthy environment and adequate care. Required data are extracted from the Bank of the Islamic Republic of Iran Economic Time Database and the Food and Drug Administration of the Ministry of Health and Medical Education during the period of 1975-96. The model used in the Cargo (2005) model was taken. This model is an error correction model with food contamination variables, real food prices, real per capita income, real exchange rate, and negative and positive money supply shocks. The results indicate that in the long run, positive and negative monetary shocks have a positive and negative effect on food micro-nutrients, as well as actual per capita income has a significant and positive effect on food microbial contamination in Iran.The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of monetary shocks and food prices on food microbial contamination, and it is important and necessary in many ways, most important of which is food and nutrition security in Iran, food and nutrition security is achieved when all people At all times, the quantity and quality of the various foods with safe food content will be used to meet the needs and have a healthy and active life with health, a healthy environment and adequate care. Required data are extracted from the Bank of the Islamic Republic of Iran Economic Time Database and the Food and Drug Administration of the Ministry of Health and Medical Education during the period of 1975-96. The model used in the Cargo (2005) model was taken. This model is an error correction model with food contamination variables, real food prices, real per capita income, real exchange rate, and negative and positive money supply shocks. The results indicate that in the long run, positive and negative monetary shocks have a positive and negative effect on food micro-nutrients, as well as actual per capita income has a significant and positive effect on food microbial contamination in Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
77 - Evaluating the Contamination of Some Iranian most Consumed Spices and Reduction of Microbial Load by UV Radiation
Behrouz Akbari Faezeh Shirkhan Masumeh Sam NejadSpices may be contaminated during various stages of harvesting, drying or transporting. Different methods are used to reduce the microbial level of spices, which has problems such as flavor changes. The purpose of this study was to introduce optimized condition for UV-r MoreSpices may be contaminated during various stages of harvesting, drying or transporting. Different methods are used to reduce the microbial level of spices, which has problems such as flavor changes. The purpose of this study was to introduce optimized condition for UV-radiation on the reduction of microbial load of some high-consumption spices. Six types of spices including turmeric, ginger, red pepper, black pepper, cinnamon and sumac were sampled from Tehran market. Tests were carried out based on reference standards. Infected spices were then exposed to ultraviolet cabinets at 254 nm in thicknesses of 1, 5, 10 mm and 15, 10, and 5 minutes. Microbial test was performed on irradiated samples. According to the results, It was revealed that the time factor on the total count of aerobic mesophilic bacteria of turmeric, red pepper, black pepper, cinnamon, and also on the coliform count of turmeric and red pepper, as well as on the count of mold of turmeric, red pepper and black pepper had quite significant effect (P Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
78 - Inhibitory effect of Allium sativum L. extract on saprophytic and toxigenic fungi isolated from mayonnaise
Mohammadali Zia Mohammad Goli Ardeshir ZiaeeFor its flavoring, prophylactic, and medicinal qualities, Allium sativum is one of the most common plants used in foods. Food poisoning is caused by fungi that grow on foods. The goal of this study was to see whether Allium sativum extracts had antifungal efficacy again MoreFor its flavoring, prophylactic, and medicinal qualities, Allium sativum is one of the most common plants used in foods. Food poisoning is caused by fungi that grow on foods. The goal of this study was to see whether Allium sativum extracts had antifungal efficacy against saprophytic and toxigenic fungi isolated from contaminated mayonnaise sauce. The mayonnaise-grown fungi were moved to sabouraud's dextrose agar supplemented with chloramphenicol, and macroscopic and microscopic characteristics were used to identify them. The extracts' inhibitory effects against all of the targeted strains studied in the experiment were measured using disc and well diffusion techniques, as well as the minimum inhibitory concentration of each extract. Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus, Penicillium sp., Mucor sp., Rhizopus sp., Cladosporium sp., Fusarium sp., Alternaria sp., and Geotrichum sp. were found. The aqueous extract with the greatest antifungal activity was collected at a concentration of 300 g/ml. Fusarium (33.2 mm) and A. niger (25.2 mm) had the highest and lowest inhibition zones, respectively. Aquatic extract's MIC was estimated to be 350 g/ml for A. niger, A. fumigatus, A. flavus, Mucor sp., Rhizopus sp., Penicillium sp., and Alternaria sp., and 300 g/ml for Cladosporium sp., Fusarium sp., and Geotrichum sp. The MIC of methanol and ethanol extracts was greater than that of aqueous extracts. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
79 - Study on the Frequency of Vibrio species in fish from Isfahan
Abbas Karimi Alavigeh Ali SharifzadehAnnually, many reports of occurrence of food poisoning due to the consumption of sea-foods contaminated with Vibrio species have been reported. The present survey was carried out to evalution the frequency rate of Vibrio species in sea-food products from the fish sample MoreAnnually, many reports of occurrence of food poisoning due to the consumption of sea-foods contaminated with Vibrio species have been reported. The present survey was carried out to evalution the frequency rate of Vibrio species in sea-food products from the fish samples in Isfahan, Iran.In this survey, 64 fresh fish samples were purchased from markets in Isfahan and transferred to the food quality control laboratory of the Islamic Azad University of Shahreza . Samples were tested for count Vibrio parahaemolyticus and detection according to Iranian national standard methods . positive specimens were evaluated for presence of bacterial species using Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction . the presences of Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio cholera, Vibrio vulnificus and Vibrio mimicus were studied using the Nested PCR method. Results showed that 95% of samples were contaminated with Vibrio species. In studied samples, V. parahaemolyticus had the highest frequency rate (35%), while V. mimicus had the lowest frequency rate (15%). Frequency of V. cholera and V. vulnificus were 20% and 35% respectively. The results of microbial investigations of raw fish collected from different markets of Isfahan can not be defined satisfactorily . High prevalence of Vibrio species in samples confirmed the lack of hygienic condition in the production and distribution centers of fish . It seems that, places of fishing and processing and the moods of transportation and distribution of fish don’t have suitable hygiene in Isfahan . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
80 - Prevalence of Pseudomnas aeruginosa in various species of shrimps of Isfahan and Chabahar in summer and autumn and the effect of season and place of supply on it
Seyedmajid Hashemi Ebrahim Rahimi Seyed Amirali Anvar Hamed Ahari Maryam AtaeePseudomonas aeruginosa a potential risk factor for food poisoning especially in aquatic foods like shrimp. In order to determine and compare the rate of infection in different species of shrimp in two seasons of summer and autumn in Isfahan and Chabahar cities, the abdo MorePseudomonas aeruginosa a potential risk factor for food poisoning especially in aquatic foods like shrimp. In order to determine and compare the rate of infection in different species of shrimp in two seasons of summer and autumn in Isfahan and Chabahar cities, the abdominal muscle of 35 shrimps in each season of each city were sampled. Samples were homogenized in peptone water medium, then incubated and cultured in PCA medium. Suspected colonies were isolated and then confirmatory tests of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and confirmation of the presence of nanI, the specific gene of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by PCR.In summer, in Isfahan and Chabahar, 48.5% and 25.7% were infected respectively. In autumn, the prevalence was 22.9% for Isfahan and 20% for Chabahar, respectively. In Isfahan, the highest rate of infection was related to Metapenaueus affinis and the lowest to Penaeus semisulcatus in summer. In autumn, the highest number of infected samples was related to Penaeus merguiensis and the lowest to Penaeus semisulcatus. In Chabahar city, in both seasons, the most infected samples were related to Metapenaeus affinis, and the lowest to Panaeus semisulcatus and in autumn was related to both Penaeus semisulcatus and Litopenaeus vannamei.There was a high prevalence of this bacterium in samples of different shrimp species in both seasons and both cities, which indicates a high risk of food poisoning of Pseudomonas aeruginosa due to improper consumption of shrimp. Cold chain observance during storage, transportation and sell of shrimp will be very effective in controlling this problem. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
81 - Chemical and Microbial Quality of Pasteurized Yoghurt in the Zanjan Province in 2012 to 2014
Adel Mirza Alizadeh Mehran Mohseni Abbas Ali Zamani Hamid Barani BonabAbstract Generally, yogurt has the highest consumption among all fermented milk products in the world and has significant nutritional value, particularly protein and calcium. Yogurt due to having higher acid, often suffer micro-organism infections resistant to acid such MoreAbstract Generally, yogurt has the highest consumption among all fermented milk products in the world and has significant nutritional value, particularly protein and calcium. Yogurt due to having higher acid, often suffer micro-organism infections resistant to acid such as molds and yeasts. But main surface spoilage in yogurt occurs by mold. The present study was done between the years 2012 to 2014 on pasteurized yogurt samples collected from 9 dairy products industry of Zanjan Province for the purpose of monitoring the quality of products. The results showed that from among 50 samples of pasteurized yogurt, all of them in terms of acidity, pH and solids-not-fat (SNF) properties were consistent with national standards. Also in investigating the total bacteria count, no infection was observed with pathogenic micro-organisms. Findings from the study showed that most of the pasteurized yogurt produced in the Province of Zanjan in terms of the quality and biological characteristics is suitable and compliant with standards. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
82 - Comparison of Nanosil and hydrogen peroxide in reducing of Escherchia coli population on egg shell surface
Majid Gholami-Ahangaran Mohsen Jafarian-Dehkordi Mazyar Haj-salehiAbstract In this study the efficiency of two commercial anti-bacterial compounds comprising hydrogen peroxide and Nanosil D2 for reducing of bacterial population on egg shell surface was compared. Thus, 90 eggs were prepared and divided into 3 groups. In first group, Na MoreAbstract In this study the efficiency of two commercial anti-bacterial compounds comprising hydrogen peroxide and Nanosil D2 for reducing of bacterial population on egg shell surface was compared. Thus, 90 eggs were prepared and divided into 3 groups. In first group, Nanosil, in second group, hydrogen peroxide and in third group sterile water (as control) were sprayed on outer surface of egg shell. After 30 minutes, crushed egg shells were cultured. After preparation of serial dilution, Escherichia coli colonies were identified and counted according to usual bacteriological procedures. The results revealed there are no significant differences in amount of E. coli colonies between eggs exposed to Nanosil and hydrogen peroxide. The eggs exposed to Nanosil and hydrogen peroxide showed significant lower infectivity comparing to the control group. Thus, it seems that Nanosil can be used as a disinfectant of eggs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
83 - استفاده از روش رقیقسازی با 15N برای تصحیح آلودگی میکروبی در هنگام ارزیابی تجزیهپذیری رایگراس تازه از طریق کیسههای نایلونی
ر. طهماسبی ج. و. نولان ر. س. دوبساین آزمایش برای تعیین میزان آلودگی میکروبی و نرخهای ناپدید شدن ماده خشک، نیتروژن و نیتروژن 15 در گیاه نشاندار شده رایگراس صورت گرفت. پرنیال رایگراس (لولیوم پرنه) با استفاده از محلول نیتروژن 15 در هنگام رشد در گلخانه نشاندار گردید و در مرحله چهار برگی برداشت شد. سپس Moreاین آزمایش برای تعیین میزان آلودگی میکروبی و نرخهای ناپدید شدن ماده خشک، نیتروژن و نیتروژن 15 در گیاه نشاندار شده رایگراس صورت گرفت. پرنیال رایگراس (لولیوم پرنه) با استفاده از محلول نیتروژن 15 در هنگام رشد در گلخانه نشاندار گردید و در مرحله چهار برگی برداشت شد. سپس به مدت 33 ساعت درون شکمبه سه رأس گوسفند فیستولا شده، که به صورت مجزا در قفسهای متابولیکی نگهداری میشدند، قرار داده شد. گوسفندان روزانه 800 گرم یونجه خرد شده دریافت میکردند و به آب آشامیدنی تازه دسترسی داشتند. تعداد 6 کیسه به صورت همزمان درون شکمبه گوسفندان قرار داده شد و سپس در زمانهای 0، 3، 7، 12، 21 و 33 ساعت پس از شکمبهگذاری برداشته شدند. نتایج با استفاده از یک مدل نشان دهنده تجزیهپذیری ماده خشک و کل نیتروژن در زمان تنظیم گردیدند. نتایج نشان داد که بقایای حاصل از شسته شدن کیسههای زمان صفر در مقایسه با نمونههای گیاه تازه، درصد غنی شدن پایینتری داشتند (7/7 درصد در مقایسه با 3/8 درصد). تخمین کمتر از حد تجزیهپذیری مؤثر پروتئین گیاه تازه در حدود 4 درصد میتواند در باره پیشبینی پروتئین عبوری و تجزیهپذیر در شکمبه و همینطور مدیریت تغذیه پروتئین پیامدهایی داشته باشد. بنابراین به دلیل این که تصحیح نمودن بر پایه این فرض استوار میباشدکه نیتروژن میکروبی نشاندار نمیباشد اما میکروبها با چسبیدن به رایگراس تا اندازهای نشاندار میشوند، خطای واقعی و تجزیهپذیری مؤثر کماکان ممکن است کمتر از حد تخمین زده شوند. انجام مطالعات با دو مارکر میتواند برای درک بهتر خطاهای مرتبط با تکنیک کیسههای نایلونی کمک شایانی نماید. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
84 - Effect of sodium hypochlorite on control of in vitro contamination and seed germination of Ficus religiosa.
Mohsen Hesami Mohammad Hossein Daneshvar Amin Lotfi-Jalalabadi -
Open Access Article
85 - کنترل آلودگی های درون شیشه ای Dionysia tapetodes به منظور ارائه روش بهینه ریزازدیادی این گیاه
لیلا سمیعی Maedeh Aghdaei سعیدرضا وصالآلودگی­های میکروبی درون شیشه­ای، یکی از مهمترین مشکلات در فرایندکشت بافت گیاهان می­باشند. تلاش­های اولیه جهت ریزازدیادی Dionysia tapetodes که یک گیاه زیبای بالشتکی صخره­ای در شمال شرق ایران می­باشد، منجر به صد درصد آلودگی ریزنمونه­ها گر Moreآلودگی­های میکروبی درون شیشه­ای، یکی از مهمترین مشکلات در فرایندکشت بافت گیاهان می­باشند. تلاش­های اولیه جهت ریزازدیادی Dionysia tapetodes که یک گیاه زیبای بالشتکی صخره­ای در شمال شرق ایران می­باشد، منجر به صد درصد آلودگی ریزنمونه­ها گردید. از این رو مطالعه حاضر به منظور ارائه پروتکل مؤثر ضدعفونی سطحی ریزنمونه­های گیاه دیونیزیا با استفاده از مواد ضدعفونی کننده مختلف مانند هیپوکلریت سدیم، اتانول و کلرید جیوه در غلظت­ها و زمان­های مختلف صورت گرفت. مؤثرترین روش ضدعفونی که منجر به دستیابی به 6/91 درصد ریزنمونه­های سالم گردید با استفاده از کلرید جیوه با غلظت 1/0 درصد به مدت 4 دقیقه بدست آمد، البته این ماده در غلظت­های بالاتر ( 2/0 درصد) برای بافت­های گیاه حالت سمیت نشان داد و منجر به نکروزه شدن بافت ریزنمونه­ها به میزان 66/41 درصد گردید. همچنین علی­رغم اینکه هیپوکلریت سدیم به عنوان یک ماده ضدعفونی کننده عمومی در کشت بافت شناخته شده است، این ماده به اندازه کلرید جیوه در حذف آلودگی­های میکروبی در ریزنمونه­های گیاه دیونیزیا مؤثر نبود و استفاده از آن در غلظت 3 درصد و به مدت 15 دقیقه در فرایند ضدعفونی باعث بروز 75 درصد آلودگی میکروبی در ریزنمونه­ها شد. در مجموع در مطالعه حاضر یک روش بهینه جهت ضدعفونی ریزنمونه های D. tapetodes و دسترسی به گیاهان عاری از بیماری این گیاه ارائه گردید که این امر می­تواند فرایند ریزازدیادی گیاه دیونیزیا را در آینده تسهیل نماید. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
86 - The Assessment of Atmospheric Pollution of Heavy Metals with the Help of Ornamental Plants in Isfahan Landscape
Reza Shahabi Mohamadabadi Mehran Hoodaji Davood Hashemabadi Mitra AtaabadiPlants are the most common bioindicatorsused in air quality biomonitoring studies because they are immobile and they have more sensitive to the most prevalent air pollutants than humans and animals. To identify the concentrations and sources of heavy metals in ornamenta MorePlants are the most common bioindicatorsused in air quality biomonitoring studies because they are immobile and they have more sensitive to the most prevalent air pollutants than humans and animals. To identify the concentrations and sources of heavy metals in ornamental plants of Isfahan landscape, samples of leaves and soil around Pinuseldarica and Nerium oleander were collected at different distances (1, 4 and 10 km) from the most populated and dense vehicle traffic area of Isfahan and control site with and opposite wind directions (SW and NE).For determination of heavy metal contamination source, plant leaves were washed with distilled water. Finally, concentrations of zinc, lead and cadmium in soil and plant samples were determined by atomic absorption. Heavy metals were found at higher concentrations in the all studied sites in comparison with control. Heavy metal concentrations were in-creased with reducing distance from contamination center with wind direction. Negligiblecorrelation between plant available Zn and Pb concentrations in soil and metal contents in plant leaves and reduction of these metals by water washing treatment indicated that soil cannot be the source of metal ontamination in plants. Both ornamental plants were found to be appropriate indicators for airborne Zn and Pb contamination, especially Nerium oleander. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
87 - Assessment of ground water vulnerability using the DRASTIC method (Case study from arid regions of Kermanshah and Ilam, west of Iran)
Mohammad Hossein Ghobadi Fatemeh Naseri Homeyra Osmanpour Mahnaz Firoozi -
Open Access Article
88 - Contamination Effects on the Bearing Capacity of Circular Shallow Foundation Rested on Sand
Alireza Hajiani Boushehrian -
Open Access Article
89 - Measurement of cadmium, arsenic, nickel and lead elements in Mentha piperita and Portulace oleracea in soils of Dezful and Hamidiyeh from Khuzestan province
Farideh Vatanian Khoshnaz Payandeh laleh RoomianiIncreasing the concentrations of heavy metals in the soil during the last decades to reduce the quantity and quality of plant production and human health is endangered. This study aimed to monitoring arsenic and nickel in the Portulaca oleracea and Mentha piperita of ag MoreIncreasing the concentrations of heavy metals in the soil during the last decades to reduce the quantity and quality of plant production and human health is endangered. This study aimed to monitoring arsenic and nickel in the Portulaca oleracea and Mentha piperita of agricultural land in Hamidieh and Dezful from Khuzestan province. Sampling with 9 vegetable samples from three areas with three replications in each city. The concentration of heavy metals were measured after sample preparation by graphical furnaces. Arsenic levels of Portulaca oleracea and Mentha piperita in two regions of Dezful and Hamidieh significant difference (P<0.05). The highest concentration of arsenic in Portulaca oleracea of Dezful were obtained (1.03±0.05 ppb) and the lowest this element in Mentha piperita of Hamidieh (0.08±0.01 ppb). Concentration of nickel in the Portulaca oleracea and Mentha piperita of Hamidieh and Dezful significant difference (P<0.05), but concentration of this element in the Portulaca oleracea of Dezful and Hamidieh no significant difference (P>0.05). The highest concentration of nickel in Mentha piperita of Dezful were (22.20±0.03 ppb) and the lowest this element in Portulaca oleracea of Hamidieh (9.04±0.07 ppb). According to the results the amount of arsenic and nickel in vegetables, Portulaca oleracea and Mentha piperita lower than World Health Organization standards, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
90 - Sources of contamination in rainwater by major and heavy elements in Arak, Iran
F Ghadimi M Ghomi M Ranjbar A Hajati -
Open Access Article
91 - Evaluation of heavy metals of (Co, Cr, Cd, Ni, V) in razor clam (Solen rosemaculatus) in Bandar-e Khamir Coast (Iran)
L. Salimi A. Ashja Ardalan M. SoltaniFive heavy metals (Co, Cr, Cd, Ni, V) in whole body tissue of Solen rosemaculatus of Bandar-e Khamir in summer and winter 2010 were determined. Bandar-e Khamir is one of the major fishing ports in Hormozgan Province in Iran. A sample size of 5-7 cm was harvested from th MoreFive heavy metals (Co, Cr, Cd, Ni, V) in whole body tissue of Solen rosemaculatus of Bandar-e Khamir in summer and winter 2010 were determined. Bandar-e Khamir is one of the major fishing ports in Hormozgan Province in Iran. A sample size of 5-7 cm was harvested from three stations in tidal zone of Bandar-e Khamir. Bivalves transferred to laboratory and biometry whole tissue of bivalves were separated after preparation and digestion process. Using Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (graphite furnace) amount of heavy metals were measured. Results indicated that: In summer and winter MeanSD concentrations of Cobalt, Chromium, Cadmium and Nickel were (0.0750.026 and 0.0830.034), (0.1000.038 and 0.1420.042), (0.0260.017 and 0.0130.009), (0.9840.287 and 1.1040.344) micrograms per gram dry weight, respectively. Vanadium concentration were in trace amounts below detection limit of the AAS. Results of this study showed that concentration of heavy metals in all samples were less than the permissive international standards. There was a significant difference in the specific concentration of Cr between samples from either different sites or seasons (P<0.05). A significant difference was also observed in comparison of Cd concentrations between samples of different seasons (P<0.05). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
92 - A Study on parasites of Clupeonella grimmi in Caspian Sea
H. Jeddy B. Mokhayer A. Khajeh RahimiDuring this survey from February until November 2011 in four seasons (winter, spring, summer, fall), 252 speciemen of Clupeonella grimmi were sampled from Caspian Sea’s Babolsar fishing ground, in each sampling 63 fishes were examined and four species of parasite MoreDuring this survey from February until November 2011 in four seasons (winter, spring, summer, fall), 252 speciemen of Clupeonella grimmi were sampled from Caspian Sea’s Babolsar fishing ground, in each sampling 63 fishes were examined and four species of parasite were isolated from them. Parasites found were: Larvae of Contracaecum sp. and Larvae of Anisakis sp., Bunocotyle cingulata and Pseudopentagrama symmetrica. In this survey the percentage of infection and intensity of infection of parasites found have been expressed in C. grimmi in the Caspian Sea. During one year percentages of the above mentioned parasities were: 1.6, 0.4, 26.2 and 36.9 respectively and during one year the parasitic intensity of infections were: 1.25, 1, 2.6, 10.3 respectively.P. symmetrica parasite showed high percentage of infection among other parasites and second was B. cingulata (both of the Trematoda are non-zoonusen).Contracaecum sp. and Anisakis sp. are Nematoda and zoonusen,in terms of percentage and intensity of infection, among other parasites in C. grimmi fish, they were in next rank. P. symmetrica and B. cingulata parasites were found in all four seasons of the year but Contracaecum was just found in summer and also Anisakis sp. was only fount in fall.Among seasons of the year, summer with 88.9 percent, showed most percentage and winter with 22.22 percent, showed least percentage of contamination to in C. grimmi.Most infection rate was found in the parasites of the gastrointestinal tract and after that the abdominal organs and the gonads (testis). Other organs of fish under survey such as: eyes, gill, skin, swim blader, kidney were healthy and free of parasitic contamination.In this survey, none of common protozoan parasites were found in fish, therefore according to the findings of the present study the parasites found in C. grimmi didn't severely damage the fishes health and probably only caused reduced growth and have little impact on decline in fish populations. But existence of parasites like Contracaecum sp. and Anisakis sp. inside the fish’s body, fish consumption must be with care in cooking and producing. Human feeding on fish infected with above mentioned parasites, can cause these parasites to grow in human body and can develop pathogenesis effects. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
93 - A Review of Partial Discharge Signals Occurrence in Polluted High Voltage Insulator
Hosein Fadaeeasrami Faramarz Faghihi Hosein Mohammadnezhad -
Open Access Article
94 - Chromium bioremediation by Pseudomonas plecoglossicid and mesoporous silica nanoparticles from oil contaminated soils
mahdi Shahriarinour Shahghayegh Talebsarbazi Faten Divsar Background & Objectives: The presence of cytotoxic and carcinogenic heavy metals such as Chromium in industrial wastewater is an important pollution for agricultural soils and natural water sources. The aim of study was to evaluate chromium removal with More Background & Objectives: The presence of cytotoxic and carcinogenic heavy metals such as Chromium in industrial wastewater is an important pollution for agricultural soils and natural water sources. The aim of study was to evaluate chromium removal with a bacterium isolate form contaminated soil compared to mesoporous silica nanoparticles. Materials and methods: In this study, for isolate chromium decomposing bacteria, soil were sampled from different of contaminated beach of Kiashahr. Preliminary identification of the isolated strains was done based on biochemical tests and then molecular identification of bacteria by 16SrRNA sequencing. Cr removal was evaluated with resistant strain and nanoparticles by Atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS), individually. Results: Chromium-degrading bacteria were identified based on 16SrRNA analysis and 99% homology of Pseudomonas pelicoglucida. Removal of chromium by mesoporous silica nanoparticles at a concentration of 300 μg / ml was higher than the isolated strain of Pseudomonas pelicoglucida and showed a removal rate of up to 75%. However, by increasing the concentration of chromium by more than 600 micrograms per milliliter, the ability of bacteria to remove chromium from mesoporous silica nanoparticles showed better results by 80% to 72% chromium removal. Conclusion: Results indicated Pseudomonas pelicoglucida and nanoparticles can be used to remove chromium from contaminated soils and waters. It is also recommended to use chromium-removing bacteria and nano-adsorbents to remove chromium at the same time to increase the efficiency of chromium removal. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
95 - Investigation of microbial diversity and prediction of functional genes involved in aromatic hydrocarbon degradation in Nyband Gulf
Mahsa Harirforoush Mohammad Ali Amoozegar Mahmoud Shavandi Parvaneh SaffarianBackground & Objective: Nayband Gulf is subjected to oil pollution due to the proximity to Assaluyeh industrial region. Prolonged exposure to contaminants affects the microbial population and shifts the population to the predominance of oil-degrading microbes. In th MoreBackground & Objective: Nayband Gulf is subjected to oil pollution due to the proximity to Assaluyeh industrial region. Prolonged exposure to contaminants affects the microbial population and shifts the population to the predominance of oil-degrading microbes. In this study, we investigate the microbial diversity in Nayband Gulf waters and predict the genes involved in aromatic hydrocarbon degradation under aerobic and anaerobic conditions.Materials & Methods: Phenol-chloroform method was performed for extracting DNA from the Nayband Gulf water sample. Extracted DNA sequencing was performed by new generation sequencing technique. Then 16S rRNA gene-based amplicon sequencing was analyzed. Functional genes involved in the degradation of aromatic hydrocarbons under aerobic and anaerobic conditions were predicted from 16S rRNA gene sequences.Results: Our findings indicate that aromatic hydrocarbons contamination in Nayband Gulf water resulted in the enrichment of Oceanospirillales (24.67%), Cellvibrionales (28.95%), SAR11 clade (20.97%), Rhodobacterales (6.17%), Rhodospirillales (7.12%) and Flavobacteriales (5.50%). Alphaproteobacteria (26.18%) and Gammaproteobacteria (42.23%) had the highest percentage. According to Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States, the genes involved in degradation of naphthalene under anaerobic conditions were most abundant in the sample.Conclusion: The results of this study showed that long-term exposure to oil pollution and oil spills affects the microbial population. The microbial population of Nayband Gulf region, due to its proximity to the South Pars oil & gas region and the entry of oil pollutants into the water, has caused the domination of petroleum hydrocarbons degrading bacteria. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
96 - Study of microbial contamination of milk and pasteurization dairy products in Qom province
Mohammad Reza Zolfaghari Reihaneh Gaeini Naser Kalhor Mohaddeseh Khalilian Mohammad Hossein Razavian Mahbobeh Soleimani Sasani -
Open Access Article
97 - Optimal Detection of Oil Contamination at Sea by the FPSO Algorithm
mostafa zamani mohiabadi -
Open Access Article
98 - Integrated Dodder (CuscutacampestrisYuncker)management in Sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) Fields in Miandoab
naser Jafarzadeh Hossin NajafiIn order to study of integrated dodder management in Sugar beet, which is spreading in sugar beet field, an experiment was conducted in Azarbayejan-gharbi province in Iran in 2015- 2016. Treatments were seed bed preparation times as main plots, planting date as sub plot MoreIn order to study of integrated dodder management in Sugar beet, which is spreading in sugar beet field, an experiment was conducted in Azarbayejan-gharbi province in Iran in 2015- 2016. Treatments were seed bed preparation times as main plots, planting date as sub plots and application of different doses of Propizamid (SC50 :1000, 1250 and 1500 gai.ha-1) and Ethofumesate (SC50: 750, 1000 and 1250 gai.ha-1) as sub-sub plots arranged as split-split factorial plot based randomized complete block design. Dodder dry weight and contamination level were evaluated at 30 days after herbicide application and sugar beet root yield was evaluated in the end of experiment. Seed bed preparation time had no significant effect on dodder dry weights. Results indicated that the contamination of level of dodder (EWRC) in the first planting date (39.3%) was less than the second planting date (44.8%). Results also showed that dry weight of dodder in the first planting date was less than the second planting date (49%). The highest root sugar beet yield was obtained from seed bed preparation time in autumn and spring, and planting date in 14 April and also using propyzamid herbicide as 1250 gai.ha-1. Contamination of level of dodder average was less in applied of propyzamid (36.2%) than the Ethofumesate (47.8%). The results of this experiment, as a whole, showed that planting of sugar beet in the 14 April, and also application of propyzamid as 1250 gai.ha-1 for dodder control can be recommended. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
99 - Effect of citrus peel and time on the immobilization of nickel and zinc in contaminated soil
B. Lorestani M. Cheraghi H. Merikh PourInvestigating and identifying soil contaminants soil are essential. A wide range of techniques are available for the removal of metal ions from polluted environments. Each of them has advantages and disadvantages based on simplicity, flexibility, efficiency of processes MoreInvestigating and identifying soil contaminants soil are essential. A wide range of techniques are available for the removal of metal ions from polluted environments. Each of them has advantages and disadvantages based on simplicity, flexibility, efficiency of processes, cost, technical and maintenance problems. Therefore, easy, effective, economical and environmentally friendly techniques for treatments are needed. Use of organic absorbents is one of the newest and most appropriate cost techniques. In this study, soil was treated with citrus peel as low cost organic immobilizers in order to investigate the time effect on decreasing mobility of Ni and Zn. The soil was artificially contaminated with Ni and Zn in separate containers. Both elements were incorporated at a dose of 600 mg l-1 and then citrus peel was added to soils at the rate of 5%. Sampling of treatments was in 1h, 1, 3, 7, 14, 21, 28 days of incubation. The experiment was done with 2 treatments including polluted soil samples with and without citrus peel as control in completely randomized design. Statistical analysis done using the SAS software (version 9.1) and Duncan test was performed at 5% level. Results indicated that at the first time of incubation, the pH of soils decreased due to the presence of citrus peel and increased the availability of metals. But the prolonged incubation time led to increasing metal adsorption onto organic adsorbent surfaces and decreasing the metal concentration in exchangeable fraction. Mean Zn concentrations in the control soil and soil treated with citrus peel, were 107.8 and 98.3 mg kg-1 and mean Ni concentrations were 144.5 and 134.4 mg kg,-1 respectively. Differences in control and the citrus peel treatment for both elements were significant. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
100 - Effect of Infrared Roasting Process on the Microorganism Contaminations of Long and Round Iranian Pistachio Kernels
Afsaneh Morshedi Seyed Mohammad Ali Razavi -
Open Access Article
101 - Risk Assessment of Contamination of Soil, Water and Plants to Arsenic in Pistachio Orchards of Kerman Province, Iran
Simin Yazdanpanah-ravari Hossein Heidari Sharifabad Hossein Abbaspour Alireza Iranbakhsh -
Open Access Article
102 - The Sanitizing Effect of Peracetic Acid on Microbial Contamination of Pistachio (Pistacia vera L.)
Najmeh Pakdaman Mohammad Moradi Ghahdarijani Amanollah Javanshah Ahmad Shakerardekani Najmeh Saberi -
Open Access Article
103 - Effect of Packaging and Storage Temperature on the Population of Aspergillus section Flavi and Aflatoxin Production in Fresh Pistachios
Hossein Afshari Mehdi Mohammadi-Moghadam Abolfazl Rezaee-Ahvanouyi Seyed Hamidreza Ziaolhagh Seyed Reza Fani Majid Aldaghi -
Open Access Article
104 - Study on Some of Pistachio Cultivars’ Contamination of Khorasan-e-Razavi Province to Aspergillus flavus
L. Jalali H. Afshari M. Mohammadi Moghadam G. H. Laey A. Sadeghi -
Open Access Article
105 - Control of Shoot Tip Necrosis and Plant Death during in Vitro Multiplication of Pistachio Rootstock UCB1 (Pistacia integrima × P. atlantica)
S.R. Nezami A. Yadollahi H. Hokmabadi M. Eftekhari -
Open Access Article
106 - Investigation of Aflatoxin Contamination in Indehiscence and Mechanical Splitting Pistachios
Farzaneh Ahmadi Ali Tajabadipour -
Open Access Article
107 - The Effect of Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Fungi on Iron and Manganese Concentration of Berssem Clover by Cadmium Stress
H. Aram A. Boostani H.R. Mahmoudianfard -
Open Access Article
108 - Biochemical and Physical Characterization of Petroleum Hydrocarbon Contaminated Soils in Tehran
Mehrdad Cheraghi Soheil Sobhanardakani Bahareh Lorestani Hajar Merrikhpour Hassan ParviziMosaed -
Open Access Article
109 - Investigation and Identification of Types and Amounts of Heavy Metals in Soil of an Industrial Area
Majid Mohammadhosseini Hooman Bahmanpour Saeedeh Lotfi -
Open Access Article
110 - The Novel Synthesis Route for 3-Poly (vinylbenzyl)-5,5-Dimethylimidazolidine-2,4-dione Nanofibers and Study of Its Antibacterial Properties
Bozorgmehr Maddah -
Open Access Article
111 - Investigation of Heavy Metals Content in Sediments of Shirin Su Wetland, Western Iran
Soheil Sobhanardakani Hossein Habibi -
Open Access Article
112 - Metals Contamination of Groundwater Resources of Enugu North District, SouthEast Nigeria
Vitus Agbazue Nwachukwu Ekere Benedict Ngang Janefrances Ihedioha -
Open Access Article
113 - Effect of Hydrogen Peroxide Concentration in Remediation of Oil-contaminated Soils with Use of Fenton Reaction
A. S. Yousefi A. Bostani -
Open Access Article
114 - Honey Safety Hazards and Public Health
Razzagh Mahmoudi Ameneh Ghojoghi Peyman Ghajarbeygi -
Open Access Article
115 - Evaluation of Pentachlorophenol Residues in Some Hygienic Papers Prepared from Virgin and Secondary Pulp by Electron Capture Gas Chromatographic Method
Behrouz Akbari-adergani Soheyl Eskandari Asad Hashemi Maral Shekarchi -
Open Access Article
116 - Distribution and Toxicological Risk Evaluation of Pb, Cd, As and Zn from Surface Soils of Selected Marts in Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
Justice Obinna Osuoha Chidiebere Uchenna Iheka Peter Uchenna Amadi Idongesit Ekong Archibong Oluwatoyin Taiwo Adeoti -
Open Access Article
117 - Fluorescence Quenching of CdS Quantum Dots and Its Application to Determination of Copper and Nickel Contamination in Well and Dam Water
Jafar Abolhasani Javad Hassanzadeh Ebrahim Ghorbani-Kalhor Zohreh Saeedi -
Open Access Article
118 - Red Sugar versus Polyethylene Glycol 3350 in Pediatric Functional Constipation: A randomized and Active-Controlled Trial
Elaheh Hajiarabi Pantea Tajik Bahar Taherkhanchi Shamsollah Nouripoor Ali Gohari Bahador Bagheri -
Open Access Article
119 - Evaluating the Artificial and Microbial Contamination (Pathogenic Bacteria, Molds, Yeasts) of Confectionery Products in Iran: A Systematic Review
Hajar Khedmati Morasa Razzagh Mahmoudi Zahra Hosseinabadi Ali Mehrabi -
Open Access Article
120 - Determination of the Concentration of Heavy Metals and Their Assessment of Related Potential Health Risk for Dry Black Teas in Kashan, Iran
Neda sadat Seyyedi bidgoli Gholam Reza Mostafaii Hosein Akbari Elahe Chimehi Mohammad Bagher Miranzadeh -
Open Access Article
121 - Reaction of Maize Varieties to Aspergillus flavus and Aflatoxin Production
Faranak Yaghmaee Majid Aldaghi Mahdi Naeimi Anna Abdolshahi Seyed Reza Fani Mahdi Mohammadi Moghadam -
Open Access Article
122 - Determination of the amount of Heavy Metals in the Most Widely Used Brands of Canned Fish in Kashan During 2018, Iran
Rouhullah Dehghani Gholamreza Mostafaeii Hossein Akbari Mohammad Sadegh Pour Abbasi Fatemeh Asadi Maryam Rezaei Zakieh Kashani Maryam Hoseini Seyedmahdi Takhtfiroozeh -
Open Access Article
123 - A Study on the Adsorption of Cadmium(II) from Aqueous Solution onto Activated Carbon Originated from Bombax ceiba Fruit Shell
Rumpa Kundu Chandramoni Biswas Jamil Ahmed Jannatul Naime Mosummath Hosna Ara -
Open Access Article
124 - Evaluation of the Quality and Potential Risks of Imported Rice in Khuzestan Province
Mohammad Hojjati Reihaneh Sorourian Meghdad Eskandari -
Open Access Article
125 - Potential Harmful Effects of Aflatoxin M1 in Milk and Milk Products and Novel Methods to Reduction of Aflatoxin M1: A Review
Aliasghar Manouchehri Mohadeseh Pirhadi Pouya Parsaei Hossein Safian Boldaji -
Open Access Article
126 - Concentration and Risk Assessment of Arsenic, Cadmium and Lead in Husked and De-husked Rice Samples from Niger and Kebbi States, Nigeria
Hadiza Muhammad Jeremoth Adama Adamu Kabiru Adil El Yahyaoui Sami Darkaoui Youssef Maazouzi Hussaini Anthony Makun -
Open Access Article
127 - Measurement of the Toxic Trace Elements in Commercial Wheat Flours: Potential Health Risk via Dietary Intake
Seyyed Mohammad Ali Noori Reza Zadehdabagh Nahid Najafi Leila Tishezan Mehrnoush Zerehpoush Seyed Mohammad Hosein Mousavi Jazayeri Mohammad Hashemi Seyedeh Belin Tavakoly Sany -
Open Access Article
128 - Population Density of Aspergillus Section Flavi and Aflatoxin Content in Different Types of Pistachio Nuts
Mehdi Mohammadi-Moghadam Seyed Reza Fani Mostafa Ghasemi Majid Aldaghi -
Open Access Article
129 - A Comparative Study of the Adsorption Capacity of Tea Leaves and Orange Peel for the Removal of Fe (III) Ion from Wastewater
Kazi Mamun Nirob Saha Sumon Chakrabarty -
Open Access Article
130 - Prevalence and Importance of Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) in Meat, Livestock and Poultry Products in Iran
Maryam Karimi Dehkordi Razieh Farhang Forough Mohammadi Majid Gholami-AhangaranDiarrhea is a major public health concern because it is one of the leading causes of death in children under five years of age. Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) is a main strain of Escherichia coli (E. coli) that is considered an important cause of infant diarrh MoreDiarrhea is a major public health concern because it is one of the leading causes of death in children under five years of age. Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) is a main strain of Escherichia coli (E. coli) that is considered an important cause of infant diarrhea in developed countries. EPEC are common pathogens that are transmitted through consumption of contaminated food and cause acute gastrointestinal diseases in humans. In this review, the prevalence of EPEC in meat and poultry as well as dairy products in Iran has been reviewed. Based on the previous studies, most of the identified EPEC strains have been related to red meat and meat products such as hamburgers, which are likely to be more contaminated due to improper processing hygiene and high manipulation in the production process. Furthermore, EPEC strains have been detected in chicken meat and ready to cook food products such as semi-cooked nuggets to a lesser extent. Due to the use of pasteurization temperature in the preparation stages, a decrease in the initial amount of microbial load has been observed in these foods. However, in the storage and preparation stages of these foods in factories, hygiene points should be observed to prevent EPEC contamination. The obtained results showed that food products of animal origin can easily act as a reservoir of EPEC with the potential ability to transfer antibiotic resistance and pathogenicity genes to the gastrointestinal microflora. Therefore, developing effective strategies to improve food safety and updated guidelines for prudent use of antimicrobial agents in Iran is of great importance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
131 - Assessment of Human In-vitro Full Thickness Skin Graft Viability and the Use of Gentamicin Antibiotic on This Process
Marjan Mohamadali Ali Ghiaseddin Shiva Irani Mohammad Amir Amirkhani Mostafa DahmardeheiNowadays, skin grafts use to replace lost or damaged skin around the world. Natural contaminants can exist on the skin and this contamination can be a threat to graft recipients. In this study, after obtaining human full thickness skin graft sample and culturing it in-v MoreNowadays, skin grafts use to replace lost or damaged skin around the world. Natural contaminants can exist on the skin and this contamination can be a threat to graft recipients. In this study, after obtaining human full thickness skin graft sample and culturing it in-vitro condition, skin samples were evaluated for cell viability and the presence of bacterial contamination during 72 hr. The amount of microbial contamination in the presence and absence of antibiotic gentamicin 0.02% was also investigated by standard methods. High cell viability during 72 hr in normal skin tissue samples was confirmed by the acridine orange staining. Electron scanning microscope observations, hematoxylin-eosin, and Masson's trichrome staining images clearly showed the difference between the two experimental groups. Skin graft samples lost the layers of dermis and epidermis (except the stratum corneum layer), in the absence of gentamicin due to contamination with bacteria which can be seen in the obtained images. Finally, the obtained results clearly showed the effect of high microbial contamination on the skin tissue structure, which can be caused by various factors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
132 - The Psychological Pathology (contamination and rejection) and the Analysis of the Individual Ministers' Behavior in the Ghaznavid's Court in the History of Bayhaghi based on Eric Berne Theory
Nasrin Omran Nejad Parvaneh Adel Zadeh Kamran Pashaei FakhriPsychological pathology is the study of the psychological abnormality and psychopathy which is created in human being in two levels of interpersonal and intrapersonal because of severe excitation and anxiety. The relation of interpersonal one is a kind of important and MorePsychological pathology is the study of the psychological abnormality and psychopathy which is created in human being in two levels of interpersonal and intrapersonal because of severe excitation and anxiety. The relation of interpersonal one is a kind of important and basic motivation for adaptation. And its mark is lack of defensive situation, having sincerity and satisfaction. The more human being is able to harmonize the internal tendency and the expectation of society, the more adaptable it will be. Deficiency in relationship and failure in communication and un-coordination and its conflict have unfavorable impact on the function of the peripheral people. Eric Berne divides the interaction of human personality into child, parent and the matured. He believes that if there is a harmony among these, the individual will be safe from characteristic point of view but at times it hinders the man function normally. Berne has called these cases " contamination and rejection ". In this research we analyze the behavior of the Ghaznavid's ministers by the two above – mentioned components and deal with their structural problems . The findings of the research show that most of the relations which are accompanied with tension are the outcome of anger, psychosis and unconscionability. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
133 - Investigation of the relation between visual pollution and citizenry health in the city of Tehran (case study: municipality districts No.1 & 12 of Tehran)
Mojgan Zaeimdar forouzan Khalilnezhad sarab m rafati -
Open Access Article
134 - Application of Steam Enhanced Extraction method on BTEX contaminated soil in a Nigerian petroleum depot and Automobile workshop sites in Ilorin metropolis, Nigeria.
ismail muhibbu-din isaac ayodele -
Open Access Article
135 - Remediation of artificially Arsenic Contaminated clay Soil (Sepiolite) by extraction and its effect on soil properties
Hanie Abbaslou Parvaneh Poorangha Somayeh Bakhtiari Bahador Abolpour Meysam Shahrashoub -
Open Access Article
136 - The assessment of efficiency of saponin as bio-surfactant in removal of nickel and vanadium from soil contaminated by petroleum, Case study: Ahwaz oil pumping unit
Behnoush Khoshmanesh Rasoul Ghadami Ali Akbar Ghafourinejad -
Open Access Article
137 - Investigation of the rate and diversity of Eimeria protozoa contamination in rabbits of north western Iran
سیما Nasri زینب Niknami S.A Ziaei مهرادا Roghani محمد Kamali neJhad In this study which was conducted from ordibehesht 1389 to mehr 1390, a total of 265 wild rabbits were investigated from which 117(44.2%) were contaminated with eimeria protozoa.in this study,the contamination of wild rabbits,mature and immature,abundance of Coc More In this study which was conducted from ordibehesht 1389 to mehr 1390, a total of 265 wild rabbits were investigated from which 117(44.2%) were contaminated with eimeria protozoa.in this study,the contamination of wild rabbits,mature and immature,abundance of Coccidiosis,geographically disturbed and common species,sexual distribution rate in the host,and the rate of excreted oocytes and its relation with onset of contamination,its effect on age and number of eimeria species responsible for onset of the disease,and etc. were evaluated.the contamination percentage of positive samples of each province compared to total samples of the province were observed to be 80.2% for Adabil,87.2% for Western Azarbayjan, and 76.2 for Eastern Azarbayjan.results showed that among the investigated immature rabbits,91 were contaminated with Eimeria.mean of oocytes excreted in mature rabbits was 35.53 per gram of feces.but this amount was 30.18 per gram of feces for immature rabbits.contamination in immature rabbits was more than mature rabbits and this relation was significant(p=0.0490 and p=0.0348). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
138 - Identification of Volatile Compounds Originating from Secondary Contamination and Packaging Materials in UF and White Brine Cheeses
Narges Sabouri Yadollah Yamini .M. R Ehsani bakhoda hosseinBackground: Identification of volatile contaminants migrating from packaging aids quality evaluation of packaged foods. Soft cheeses can undergo such migration-based contamination on storage. Methods: White brine and ultrafiltrated (UF) cheeses in packages were stored MoreBackground: Identification of volatile contaminants migrating from packaging aids quality evaluation of packaged foods. Soft cheeses can undergo such migration-based contamination on storage. Methods: White brine and ultrafiltrated (UF) cheeses in packages were stored for 90 days at 4 degrees Celsius (°C). Headspace-solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) using polysulfone and mesoporous carbon nitride (MCN/Polysulfone) fiber coupled to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to extract and analyze volatile compounds. Migration-based contaminants exclusively present in stored versus fresh cheeses were identified through National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) library matching. Results: In total 23 unwanted volatile contaminants originating from contamination/packaging were identified, including 19 compounds in white brine` cheese (phthalates, benzenecarboxylic acids, etc.) and 13 compounds in UF cheese (phthalates, benzenecarboxylic acids, triazenes, oximes, etc.). More migrants were observed in white brine cheese. Compounds also differed based on SPME extraction method. Conclusion: Prolonged storage induced migration of volatile contaminants from probable packaging sources into soft cheeses. Future research should focus on refining volatile organic compound (VOC)-based detection methods to enhance early identification of spoilage and pathogenic microorganisms in cheese production. Manuscript profile
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