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Open Access Article
1 - Cyanobacteria are a rich source of anticancer drugs
bahareh NowruziThe increase in cancer mortality as a result of excessive use of chemical drugs has made it one of the deadliest diseases worldwide. For this reason, most of the research today is focused on natural medicinal products. As a result, the aim of this article is to review t MoreThe increase in cancer mortality as a result of excessive use of chemical drugs has made it one of the deadliest diseases worldwide. For this reason, most of the research today is focused on natural medicinal products. As a result, the aim of this article is to review the anticancer properties of cyanobacteria in the pharmaceutical and medical industry. To write this article, both the experiences and articles of the authors of the article and the latest articles available in the Web of Science, Pub Med, Google Scholar, Scopus and ScienceDirect databases have been used. Natural products are an important source of new medicinal compounds that not only have medicinal value, but are also used as building models for creating synthetic analogs. In the meantime, secondary marine metabolites extracted from cyanobacteria as a desirable source of potential new medicinal active compounds have structural diversity and diverse biological activities such as anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antimicrobial and anti-tumor properties. This review article examines the potential of compounds and metabolites of cyanobacteria as anticancer drugs and examines their chemical structure and mechanisms of actionof action. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Production and characterization of dairy dessert enrichment with Sargassum angustifolium algae
Bahar Sarlak Marjaneh Sedaghati Nargess Mooraki -
Open Access Article
3 - Optimization of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction Conditions for Pigment Compounds of the Brown Algae Sargassum angustifolium Using Response Surface Methodology
Niloofar Aghajanpoor Sourkohi Aria BabakhaniIn this study, the extraction of S. angustifolium brown alga pigments was investigated by ultrasound to identify process variables and optimize the extraction conditions. Experimental design using central composite design (CCD) with four independent variables including MoreIn this study, the extraction of S. angustifolium brown alga pigments was investigated by ultrasound to identify process variables and optimize the extraction conditions. Experimental design using central composite design (CCD) with four independent variables including the percentage of ethanol concentration (at three levels of 50, 75 and 100%), extraction time (at three levels of 10, 20 and 30 minutes), solid-liquid ratio (at three levels 1: 5, 1:10 and 1:15) and the power of ultrasound (at three levels 80, 240 and 400 watts) was performed for the responses of chlorophyll a, total chlorophyll, total carotenoids and fucoxanthin. The results showed that the highest amount of total fucoxanthin and carotenoids was obtained in 75% ethanol, duration 20 minutes, solid-liquid ratio 1:5 and ultrasonic power of 240 watts. In the mentioned optimal conditions, fucoxanthin and total carotenoids were 0.42 and 1.11 mg/g, respectively. The values obtained in the experiment have a logical relationship with the values predicted by the software, which indicates the appropriateness of the models used. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Effect of Red Algae ethanolic extract and its possible neural interactions on formalin-induced pain in mice
مهسا Mahsa Amireghbal KhajehRahimi Shahin HassanpourDue to the side effects of chemical drugs in pain relief, the use of herbal medicines is increasing. Red algae have antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, antitumor, and antimicrobial properties. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of Red Algae ethanolic MoreDue to the side effects of chemical drugs in pain relief, the use of herbal medicines is increasing. Red algae have antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, antitumor, and antimicrobial properties. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of Red Algae ethanolic extract and its possible neural interactions on formalin-induced pain in mice. 125 adult male mice allocated in 6 experiments. In the first experiment, mice were injected intraperitoneally with saline, red algae extract (2.5, 5, and 10 mg/kg), and morphine (5 mg/kg). In the second experiment, mice received intraperitoneal injections of saline, red algae extract (10 mg/kg), naloxone (non-selective opioid antagonist, 2 mg/kg), and naloxone + red algae extract. Experiments 4 to 6 were similar to the second experiment but injected with flumazenil (non-selective GABA receptor antagonist, 5 mg/kg), cyproheptadine (non-selective serotonin receptor antagonist, 2 mg/kg), chlorpheniramine (histamine H1receptors antagonist, 20 mg/kg) and cimetidine (histamine H2receptors antagonist, 12.5 mg/kg) were used instead of naloxone. After 30 minutes, subcutaneous injection of formaldehyde was performed on the plantar surface of the right foot, and the time of licking, chewing, and biting (Licking Time) was measured. According to the results, morphine significantly reduced pain time compared to the control group (P<0.05). Red algae extract in a dose-dependent manner reduced pain compared to the control group (P<0.05). Injection of naloxone + red algae extract significantly reduced the analgesic effects of red algae extract compared to the group of red algae extract (P<0.05). Flumazenil + red algae extract significantly reduced the analgesic effects of red algae extract (P<0.05). Injection of cyproheptadine + red algae extract significantly enhanced the analgesic effects of red algae extract (P<0.05). Injection of chlorpheniramine + red algae extract significantly reduced the analgesic effects of red algae extract (P<0.05). The results showed that the analgesic effects of red algae are mediated by opioidergic, serotonergic, GABAergic and histaminergic pathways. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Experimental study of ethanolic extract of brown algae Nizimuddinia zanardinii on liver histopathological injury induced by bile duct ligation inrats
مدارا Nasiri , M Ale-Ebrahim , R Hajikhani , P Mortazaviliver fibrosis has been recognized as a cause of morbidity and mortality in humans. The oxidative stress in cholestatic­liver disease serves as a link between hepatic injury and liver­fibrosis. Therefore, any agent that has the capacity of normalizing the oxidat Moreliver fibrosis has been recognized as a cause of morbidity and mortality in humans. The oxidative stress in cholestatic­liver disease serves as a link between hepatic injury and liver­fibrosis. Therefore, any agent that has the capacity of normalizing the oxidative damage, would be able to decrease fibrosis in a cholestatic liver. The brown Algae Nizimuddiniazanardiniiis one of the natural resources in the marine ecosystem which contains biologically active­compoundsand it's anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-fungal and antioxidant effects are known.The aim of the present study was the evaluation of the effect of ethanolic­extract of brown­algaeNizimuddiniazanardinii on liver­fibrosis induced by bile­duct­ligation (BDL) in male­rats. 54 male rats were randomly classified in nine groups (n=6): control group (intact rats), sham group (laparatomy without BDL),Nizimuddinia extract control groups (50,­100 or 200­mg/kg). BDL group, experimental treatment groups (BDL rats+­50,­100 or 200­mg/kg Nizimuddinia). BDL increased the serum­levels of aspartate­aminotransferase, alanine­aminotransferase, alkaline­phosphatase, total­bilirubin, cholesterol and triglyceride, whereas it reduced the levels of antioxidant­enzymes, superoxide­dismutase and catalase in the liver and also reduced the serumic levels of albumin and total protein. Treatment of BDL rats with Nizimuddiniazanardiniiextract attenuated these changes. As determined by Masson’s trichrome staining, BDL markedly induced the liver­fibrosis. These alterations were also significantly attenuated by Nizimuddiniazanardiniiadministration. The results of this study indicate the hepatoprotective and antifibrotic effect of Nizimuddinia­zanardiniiin the cholestatic liver. The antifibrotic effect of this brown algea likely due to the antioxidative and free­radical scavenging effects of it. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Investigating the effect of Scenedesmus acuminates algae extract on healing wounds infected with Staphylococcus aureus in a rat model
هومن Akasheh, علیرضا Jahandideh امیر اقبال Khajerahimi شاپور Kakoolaki سعید HesarakiThe purpose of this study is to use a seaweed called Scenedesmus acuminates to reduce infection and heal wounds. Sixty rats were divided into four treatment groups, and sampling was done on the third, seventh, and fourteenth days after wound formation. No treatment was MoreThe purpose of this study is to use a seaweed called Scenedesmus acuminates to reduce infection and heal wounds. Sixty rats were divided into four treatment groups, and sampling was done on the third, seventh, and fourteenth days after wound formation. No treatment was done on the first group, the control group. The second group was treated with 25% zinc oxide as the drug of choice. The third and fourth groups were treated with 3% and 7% Scenedesmus acuminates seaweed ointment. The back wounds of mice were infected with 50 microliters of 2x108 CFU/mL Staphylococcus containing suspension. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry (CD68) were performed to compare the number of macrophages on tissue samples. On the third day after wounding, macrophages (CD68) were present in the algae group by 7% more than in the other groups. On the seventh day, fibroplasia and collagen synthesis in the algae group was 7% better than in the other two groups. On the 14th day, the accumulation of new blood vessels in the algae was 7% more than the others. The best result regarding the CD68 (macrophage) molecule expression level was seen in the 7% algae group on the 7th and 14th days. On the third, seventh, and fourteenth days, when macrophages are helpful, algae groups were better than others. The use of algae ointment can reduce the bacterial load of the wound and is better than the administration of zinc oxide. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Using agricultural wastes and food residues for algal cultivation
yasamin fayaz Masoud HonarvarIntroduction: In recent years, algae have been considered as a rich source of valuable nutrients and diverse bioactive compounds in different studies and have got noticed by many researchers. Providing a suitable carbon source for algae cultivation with the aim of nutri MoreIntroduction: In recent years, algae have been considered as a rich source of valuable nutrients and diverse bioactive compounds in different studies and have got noticed by many researchers. Providing a suitable carbon source for algae cultivation with the aim of nutritional and medicinal uses, has made the production process expensive.Materials and methods: Recently, various studies have been carried out on cultivation techniques of different types of algae based on the use of new and inexpensive carbon sources. Agricultural and food waste are rich sources of carbon. Annually, 1.3 percent of the total volume of food in the world is turned into waste. Therefore, many studies have investigated the use of food waste as a substrate for algae cultivation. For example the use of various wastes and by-products of food factories, surplus products and agricultural products and even food industry wastewater for algae cultivation. This article discusses some of the research conducted in this field.Results: Due to the significant sugar and carbon content in agricultural and food waste, they can be regarded as a great substrate for algae cultivation for using them toward various food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic applications. Independence of light in mixotrophic and heterotrophic cultivation has significantly reduced costs and space compared to autotrophic culture.Conclusion: According to the results of various studies, it can be expected that the heterotrophic method for cultivating algae by use of agricultural wastes and food residues will play an important role in meeting future nutritional needs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Growth Pattern and β-Carotene Production of Dunaliella salina Cells in Different Salinities
S.A. Hashemi F. Pajoum Shariati H. Delavari Amrei A. HeydarinasabIntroduction: Dunaliella salina is a green unicellular eukaryote microalga which has no cell wall in its cell structure. In the normal condition of growth it has green color but under stress situation such as high salinity, high light intensity and nutrient deficiency. MoreIntroduction: Dunaliella salina is a green unicellular eukaryote microalga which has no cell wall in its cell structure. In the normal condition of growth it has green color but under stress situation such as high salinity, high light intensity and nutrient deficiency. it turns to yellow. In this state, the cells produce a high amount of the second metabolite such as beta-carotene, glycerol, etc. to maintain their viability. These second metabolites have a high economic value with many applications in the food industry (natural colorant), pharmaceutical industry (pro-vitamin A) and use as additives to food and feed. Nowadays with the significant increase in the world population, it seems necessary to exploit the new alternative sources for energy and food requirement. Microalgae with their unique specifications could be an excellent choice. Materials and Methods: In this study, the optimum NaCl concentration for the growth of Dunaliella salina which was purified from Urmia Lake was investigated. Dunaliella salina cells were cultivated under 10000 lx white light intensity within modified Johnson medium. Furthermore, the amount of beta-carotene accumulated within microalgae cells due to 11 steps of 0.5 M salt stresses was measured. Results: The optimum salt concentration related to the maximum biomass production was recorded in 1 M salinity. The highest amount of beta-carotene was 36.64 µg per ml of cell culture medium in 3.5 M salt concentration. Although beta-carotene content has a descending procedure by salt addition, these amounts were considerable till 6.5 M salinity of the culture medium. Conclusion: The culture condition can approach to the natural condition by application of salt in jection in small concentration. In this condition, a significant amount of beta-carotene can be accumulated within the Dunaliella salina cells. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - A Review of Microalgae as Dietary and Medicinal Useful Complements
S.A.A. Anvar B. NowrouziIntroduction: Microalgae are important components in the food chain of aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems, the number of which is increasing and being consumed as food or medicine. Microalgae and cyanobacteria are produced in controlled culture processes or removed from MoreIntroduction: Microalgae are important components in the food chain of aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems, the number of which is increasing and being consumed as food or medicine. Microalgae and cyanobacteria are produced in controlled culture processes or removed from natural habitats and marketed as a complete food supplement worldwide.Materials and Methods: For this paper review of the results and conclusions of investigated research articles concerned with the subject.Results: Cyanobacteria have a wide range of biologically active compounds that produce and are expected to be used in the food and pharmaceutical industries. Due to the active composition of cyanobacteria such as fatty acids, sterols, volatile compounds, stable isotopic compounds, carotenoids, polysaccharides, lectins, mycosporin-like amino acids, bioemulsifiers that are anti-virus and anti-inflammatory due to their elevation and etcetra are used for marketing purposes.Conclusion: This review article attempts to introduce the active compounds of microalgae and their biological activities, their nutritional value in human diet and health, during different periods, aquatic and other animals if possible. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Investigation of Physicochemical Characteristics of Pasta Enriched with Spirulina platensis Powder
S. S. Mostolizadeh Y. Moradi M.S. Mortazavi A.A. Motallebi M. GhaeniIntroduction: In this research Spirulina platensis blue-green microalgae with unique nutrient content and numerous nutritional and therapeutic effects in various food products enrichment has been employed. Information concerned to fortify wheat flour with powdered Spiru MoreIntroduction: In this research Spirulina platensis blue-green microalgae with unique nutrient content and numerous nutritional and therapeutic effects in various food products enrichment has been employed. Information concerned to fortify wheat flour with powdered Spirulina platensis microalgae to produce pasta is very limited. In this study, the effect of spirulina powder addition to pasta and evaluating the physico-chemical characteristics have been investigated.Materials and Methods: The effect of Spirulina platensis microalgae powder at 0.0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1 (% W/W) concentrations on pasta have been studied and protein, fat, carbohydrate, total energy and iron were determined by standard procedures. physical examinations of the samples consisted of color and texture evaluations were Caused out by colorimetric and texture analyzer methods.Results: The results showed that different levels of spirulina microalgae powder had significant effects on chemical parameters of pasta (P< 0.05). Also, interaction of different levels of microalgae powder on the pasta color index was significant(P< 0.05) while on texture index of pasta was not significant (P> 0.05).Conclusion: The addition of 0.25% of Spirulina platensis microalgae powder to pasta, has improved the nutritional value and physical characteristics of the product and a functional food has been formulated that will be available to the community. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - The Effect of Enrichment with Sargassum illicifolium, Ulva lactuca and Gracilaria cortica Algae on Physicochemical and Microbial Properties of Processed Fruits (Sour Date Purees and Apple Paste)
somayeh Ranjbar-Shamsi Anousheh Sharifan Mozhgan Emtyazjoo Maryam Moslehishad -
Open Access Article
12 - Study on isotherm and kinetic for the adsorption of heavy metal Zinc from aqueous solution by Scenedesmus micro-algae
Mona Zelli Booriabadi Seyed Abbas Hoseini Seyed Aliakbar Hedayati Afshin Adeli Hassan RezaeiBackground: Zinc is an abundant element in the Earth's crust at approximately 0.04 grams to kilograms. The Zinc sulfide is found mostly in nature. The deposition of Zinc absorption by the amount of soluble in aqueous solutions decreases. In this study, the removal of Zi MoreBackground: Zinc is an abundant element in the Earth's crust at approximately 0.04 grams to kilograms. The Zinc sulfide is found mostly in nature. The deposition of Zinc absorption by the amount of soluble in aqueous solutions decreases. In this study, the removal of Zinc was investigated by Scenedesmus algae. Methods: To determine the amount of Zinc absorbed by the absorbent Scenedesmus concentrations of pollutants under different conditions, adsorbent dose, contact time, pH back and the remaining amount was measured by atomic absorption. Adsorption isotherms and kinetic modeling of metal ions on the adsorbent based on the model of Langmuir, Freundlich and kinetics were determined pseudo-first and pseudo-second. Results: absorption and adsorption kinetics by Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models by the model described by pseudo first order and pseudo-second. The results showed that the correlation coefficient, absorption kinetics of pseudo-second-order model with an amount equal to 1 and the balance by the amount of 0.7926 were described by Freundlich isotherm. Conclusion: This study showed absorption process due to the high correlation algae Scenedesmus sp feature is the removal of Zinc And can be to used proposed as appropriate for the removal of the wastewater. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - Biosorption of Cobalt (II) from Aqueous Solutions by Marine Red Alga Geracilaria sp
Akbar Smaeli Pari Beyrami Abdolhossein Rostaeyan Ashraf BeyramiSome kinds of pollutants such as heavy metals, especially, can be removed from water and waste water by biological materials via biosorption. These heavy metals can be also recovered by adsorbents. The mentioned methods have more important advantages from some aspects s MoreSome kinds of pollutants such as heavy metals, especially, can be removed from water and waste water by biological materials via biosorption. These heavy metals can be also recovered by adsorbents. The mentioned methods have more important advantages from some aspects such as being more economical than others. In this study marine red alga Gerasilaria sp. was used as aquatic seaweed to remove Co2+in the flow operation (packed column) of a glass column with an internal diameter of 2 Cm and the height of 35 Cm as investigated and different stages. The adsorption process was studied under affection of factors such as initial concentrations, pH, retention time (15, 30 and 45min), and adsorbent dosage (2.5 and 3.5 g) in the room temperature. The solution of Co (II) in distilled water was prepared using (Co (NO3)2,6H2O) with initial concentrations 50,100,150 mg/L. The maximum rates of uptake at pH=7 were at different degrees of 92.53%, 83.52% and 71.76% respectively. By prolonging the time of absorption from 15 minutes to 45 minutes, rate of uptake was enhanced and the highest rate was in the first 15 minutes. The final concentration of Co Ions in each sample in atomic absorption spectrometer (GBC-932), appeared that non living Gerasilaria sp. acted based on the Langmuir physics law and the kinetic studies showed that absorption of cobalt by non-living alga samples obeyed the second degree of kinetic absorption model. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - Assessment of antiradical and antioxidant potentials in two red and brown algae from Persian Gulf in Booshehr province in comparison with leaf of mangrove (Avicennia marina)
Mohsen Heidari abdolali movahedinia Saba HosseiniBackground and Objective: Some metabolites derived from plants have strong potential for free radical cleaning. The aim of this study was to determine and compare the antioxidant and antiradical properties of leaf extract of mangrove, Avicennia marina, and two red and b MoreBackground and Objective: Some metabolites derived from plants have strong potential for free radical cleaning. The aim of this study was to determine and compare the antioxidant and antiradical properties of leaf extract of mangrove, Avicennia marina, and two red and brown algae (Gracilaria corticata and Cystoserriaceae myrica), from coastal areas of Persian Gulf in Booshehr province. Method: Extraction of two species of brown and red algae and mangrove was done by soaking method from coast of the Persian Gulf, and also antioxidant activities of extracts of added species were recorded using DPPH and RP tests. Findings: According to the DPPH test, the highest antioxidant activity was observed in ethanol extract of mangrove leave and the lowest was observed in brown algae C. myrica. The highest antioxidant activity by RP test was observed in methanol extract of brown algae C. myrica and the lowest was observed in ethanol extract of mangrove leave. There were also significant differences (sig<0.05) between methanol extract of C. myrica and other prepared extracts according to the RP test. Conclusion: In this study, the highest anti-oxidant activity was found in methanolic extract of algae C. myrica (by RP test) and in leaf extract (etanolic) of mangrove A. marina (by DPPH test). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - Supply Chain Management Models for the Development of Green Fuel Production from Microalgae in Iran
Shayan Mohseni Mir saman PishvaeeBackground and Objective: Environmental pollution and dependency on fossil fuels are the most important incentives for the development of biofuels in Iran. Microalgae are introduced as one of the best raw materials for the production of biofuels in the world. In additio MoreBackground and Objective: Environmental pollution and dependency on fossil fuels are the most important incentives for the development of biofuels in Iran. Microalgae are introduced as one of the best raw materials for the production of biofuels in the world. In addition, for the production of microalgae, the emissions from power plants are used which leads to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions to the atmosphere. Method: This paper proposes a microalgae-based biofuel supply chain network design model to study the development of such fuels. First, a deterministic model was developed to model the all activities of the supply chain including provision of raw materials for the production of microalgae, microalgae cultivation, turning them into biofuel and eventually biofuel distribution. Then, the deterministic model was extended to a robust network design model to achieve a safe and stable supply chain decisions in the face of uncertainty. Findings: Results of using the proposed model for the development of microalgal biofuel production show that the cost biofuel production from microalgae is 88.5 thousand Rials per liter. Discussion and Conclusion: Current production cost of microalgae-based biofuel cannot compete with that of fossil fuel, but the cost can be significantly decreased with a slight increase in algae productivity or oil content in future. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - حل دستگاه ازن مرتبه دوم ویژه توسط OHAM
صادق پورجعفر زینب آیتی محمود شفیعیسیانوباکتری ها (جلبک های سبز- آبی) مانند میکروسیستین، ندولارین ها ، ساکسی توکسین ها، آناتوکسین ها و سیلندروسپرموپسین عامل بیماری های خطرناک از طریق آب آشامیدنی هستند. یکی از این سموم میکروسیستین – ال آر است که وجود مقدار کمی از آن در آب آشامیدنی منجر به آسیب Moreسیانوباکتری ها (جلبک های سبز- آبی) مانند میکروسیستین، ندولارین ها ، ساکسی توکسین ها، آناتوکسین ها و سیلندروسپرموپسین عامل بیماری های خطرناک از طریق آب آشامیدنی هستند. یکی از این سموم میکروسیستین – ال آر است که وجود مقدار کمی از آن در آب آشامیدنی منجر به آسیب کبدی و سرطان شده، همچنین باعث صرف هزینه های بالای اجتماعی و بهداشتی می گردد. هر چند که سیانوباکتری ها در مقابل مواد ضد عفونی مقاوم هستند، اما نشان داده شده که ازن قابلیت بالایی در سم زدائی سیانوباکتری ها دارد. ازن محلول در آب به طور همزمان باعث ضد عفونی بیشتر و اکسیداسیون با OH رادیکال می گردد. در این مقاله، جواب دستگاه تجزیه مرتبۀ دوم ازن با OH رادیکال و میکروسیستین – ال آر بدون مواد آلی محلول (DOC) به دست آمد. نتیجه اینکه با کمترین هزینه و زمان، می توان با این مشکل مبارزه نمود. دستگاه دیفرانسیل مربوطه به روش هموتوپی مجانبی بهینه حل شد و نتایج حاصل با شکل بیان گردید. نشان داده شد که با مقدار کمی ازن و زمانی اندک، می توان مقدار زیادی از میکروسیستین – ال آر را صفر نمود. به این منظور اسیدیتۀ 2 ، 4 و 7 در حرارت 10 ، 20 و 30 درجۀ سانتیگراد بررسی گردید. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - Microalgal Biodiversity as a Biotechnology and Environmental Potential
Maryam Akhoundian Seyed Danial MirhasanniaMicroalgae is a group of highly versatile aquatic plants that nowadays have achieved a wide range of applications in the science of biotechnology. These microscopic photosynthesizers, despite performing an effective role in the oxygen production on the earth, due to the MoreMicroalgae is a group of highly versatile aquatic plants that nowadays have achieved a wide range of applications in the science of biotechnology. These microscopic photosynthesizers, despite performing an effective role in the oxygen production on the earth, due to their high distribution and frequency are almost found in the entire ecosystems on the globe. The high nutritional value and even potential of these microscopic plants in the production of bioactive compounds with varied food and medicinal usages, also as primary raw materials for the extraction of sustainable biofuels (biodiesel), besides their application in monitoring and refinement of environmental pollutants such as heavy metals, pesticides and herbicides; have nestled these small scale plants in the spotlight of the countless researchers worldwide. Although, globally several researches have been focused on the biotechnological potentials of microalgae, but it seems that so far in our country, the considerable efficiency has not been provided to this valuable resource. Therefore, this article is an overview of the microalgal potential to use in modern biotechnology and can attract the attention of researchers to carry out research in this area. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - Distribution, Frequency and Seasonal Variation of Microalgae of 15 Khordad Dam, Qom, Iran
Hassan Bakhtiari Lobat Taghavi Seyed Ahmad Mirbagheri Taher Rajaee Mehdi RamezaniIntroduction: Microalgae are single-celled algae that have favorable environmental conditions such as temperature and long period of light as well as nutrients containing phosphorus and nitrate affect their abundance and distribution and sometimes cause health, environm MoreIntroduction: Microalgae are single-celled algae that have favorable environmental conditions such as temperature and long period of light as well as nutrients containing phosphorus and nitrate affect their abundance and distribution and sometimes cause health, environmental and process problems in water plant. Material and Methods: This study was carried out to determine the density and diversity of microalgae in the water of 15 Khordad Dam in two winter and spring seasons, in different areas of the dam at a height of one and five meters by sampling and identifying and counting based on algae morphology. Results: The results show that diatoms with (41.1%), binary algae with (32.5%), green algae with (23.2%) and green-blue algae with (41.1%) different microalgae. (3.2%) constitute the most dominant communities, respectively. In the samples taken from the entire dam, the dominant genus is Peridinium algae. The highest frequency was at one meter height in June and on the west side and the lowest frequency at five meters height was in December and on the east side (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The results of this study will be effective in planning the operation management of different water treatment plants in Qom. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - An overview of microalgae harvest from aquatic environments using biological methods
Hasan Bakhtiari Reza Ansari Tadi Abo Ali GolzariBackground:The main habitat of microalgae is natural or man-made aquatic environments. Microalgae are used in the process of water and wastewater treatment or biomass production that can be used in the production of biodiesel, biofertilizers, supplements and feed for po MoreBackground:The main habitat of microalgae is natural or man-made aquatic environments. Microalgae are used in the process of water and wastewater treatment or biomass production that can be used in the production of biodiesel, biofertilizers, supplements and feed for poultry and aquatic animals. Microalgae extraction methods from aqueous medium such as gravitational deposition, centrifugation, filtration and screening, flotation, electrolyte separation and flocculation have been used. Methods: In the flocculation method, different flocculants have been proposed for the deposition of microalgae (sulfate and chloride compounds of metals such as iron, aluminum and zinc, cationic compounds such as cationic starch and biopolymers such as chitosan, etc.). Disadvantages such as the high amount of flocculants required, the production of wastes that need to be re-separated, the low sedimentation efficiency and the high price of flocculants have made the search for cheap. Results:Low-consumption flocculants without the need for re-separation seriously considered by researchers. Factors such as quantity and type Biofluccolants and environmental factors such as temperature, pH, mixing rate play a role in biofluctuation efficiency. Studies show that the isolation of microalgae in the bioflucculation method in some cases increases up to 99%. Conclusion: The present review shows that sedimentary microorganisms such as bacteria, diatoms and specific microalgae can be used as bioflucculants and microalgae can be harvested and isolated for various purposes in an environmentally friendly manner. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - The effect of foliar application of algae extract, beta-carotene and vitamin E on some biochemical parameters of pistachio seedlings under salinity stress
Mehdi Sarcheshmeh poor Abdolali Taheri Fatemeh Nasibi Faegheh Bahrami NejadPrevalence of abiotic and biotic stresses in plants can threaten crop productions. Pistachio as a strategic crop plays an important role among Iran's export items. Today, increasing stresses, especially salinity stress, have many destructive effects. The use of growth s MorePrevalence of abiotic and biotic stresses in plants can threaten crop productions. Pistachio as a strategic crop plays an important role among Iran's export items. Today, increasing stresses, especially salinity stress, have many destructive effects. The use of growth stimulants, especially algae, can play an effective role in reducing the negative effects of such stresses. In this regard, this factorial study was conducted based on a completely randomized design with three replications. The first factor includes six treatments: control (cont), beta-carotene 1 mM (A), vitamin E 1 mM (E), beta-carotene and vitamin E (AE), spirulina microalgae extract 0.5% (SP), The mixture of beta-carotene, vitamin E and spirulina (ALL) and the second factor includes two salinity levels: control (S1) and 10 dS/m (S2). The results showed that the effect of salinity on proline, protein, catalase and peroxidase was significant. Salinity stress significantly increased the peroxidase activity in all treatments except beta-carotene and vitamin E. Also, A and E treatments significantly increased the catalase activity. Comparing to control plants, Increase in proline content in all treatments was observed at zero salinity. A significant increase in proline was observed in beta-carotene treatment at high salinity and in other cases it was not significant, which can be considered as the best compound for foliar application of pistachio seedlings under salinity stress. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - Neocomian Fahliyan formation carbonates in the oil well X2 (Dorood oil field, Persian Gulf): Biostratigraphic data from benthic foraminifera and algae
لیلا رستمی سیدحمید وزیری داود جهانی علی سلگی مرتضی طاهرپور خلیل آباد ایوانا زورن گراویک احمد یحیایی -
Open Access Article
22 - Investigation of Ability of Scenedesmus acutus، Scenedesmus incrass atulus and Scenedesmus obliquus in the Absorption of Cadmium from Industrial Wastewaters
Mahdi Alayi Ahmad Mohammadi Hamid Mashhadi Fahimeh MahmoudniaThe water crisis in the agricultural sector is one of the main challenges، and wastewater recycling is one of the ways to control this crisis. One of the limitations of using effluents in the agricultural sector is water pollution with heavy metals. Among the various me MoreThe water crisis in the agricultural sector is one of the main challenges، and wastewater recycling is one of the ways to control this crisis. One of the limitations of using effluents in the agricultural sector is water pollution with heavy metals. Among the various methods used to remove heavy metals، biological methods are of great interest. Therefore، in this study، the ability of three microalgae of the genus Sandsmus، Scenedesmus acutus، Scendesmus incrassatulus، and Scenedesmus obliquus to remove cadmium from industrial effluents was studied. To investigate the effect of different parameters on the adsorption rate of microalgae، adsorption rate in different values of pH (3 to 7)، temperature (15 to 35 ° C)، amount of biosorbent (0.25 to 2 g)، metal concentration (20 to 200 mg/L and adsorbent contact time (30 to 150 minutes) were tested. The effect of all these parameters on the absorption rate was significant. The highest rate of cadmium (99%) uptake by microalgae occurred at pH 6، temperature 25 °C ، 1.5 g of biosorbent، the metal concentration of 150 mg /l and contact time of 150 minutes. But the amount of cadmium uptake by different species of microalgae was not significantly different. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - Application of enzymatic hydrolyzed proteins from algae for food enrichment
Sara Jafari Rad leila Nateghi Masoumeh Moslemi Kian Pahlevan AfshariBioactive peptides are protein components that are inactive within the protein structure and when they are released by enzymatic hydrolysis, they show different physiological functions. Recently, the recognition and determination of the characteristics of bioactive pept MoreBioactive peptides are protein components that are inactive within the protein structure and when they are released by enzymatic hydrolysis, they show different physiological functions. Recently, the recognition and determination of the characteristics of bioactive peptides obtained from different plant, animal and microbial sources have received much attention. During the last decade, algae have been investigated as alternative and sustainable protein sources for a balanced diet and more recently as a potential source of algal-derived bioactive peptides with potential health benefits. To date, the main biological properties of peptides Identified algae, including anti-hypertensive, antioxidant, immune system strengthening, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, cholesterol lowering effects, etc., have been measured. In recent years, the enrichment of food products by biologically active peptides has attracted the attention of scientists. Therefore, in this article, an overview of bioactive peptides obtained from algae and their use in the production of enriched food is discussed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - A review of different methods of green synthesis of nanoparticles by microalgae
bahareh nowruziThe use of microalgae for the synthesis of nanoparticles is a safe, environmentally friendly and inexpensive method with energy saving that produces nanoparticles of various shapes and sizes. Nanoparticles produced by microalgae have various biological, physical and che MoreThe use of microalgae for the synthesis of nanoparticles is a safe, environmentally friendly and inexpensive method with energy saving that produces nanoparticles of various shapes and sizes. Nanoparticles produced by microalgae have various biological, physical and chemical properties that have all-round applications as antimicrobial, anticancer, photocatalytic agents, etc. Although many studies have been conducted on biological synthesis using microorganisms, few studies have been conducted on the synthesis of nanoparticles using cyanobacteria. This article comprehensively describes the production of nanoparticles by cyanobacteria, the abiotic and biotic conditions of their biosynthesis, including lighting, pH, temperature, the type of synthesis process (extracellular and intracellular), the mechanisms related to biological synthesis, and also explain the factors affecting the synthesis process. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - Bioactive products of cyanobacteria and microalgae as valuable dietary and medicinal supplements
S. A.A. Anvar B. Nowruzi M. TalaCyanobacteria and microalgae have great potential to produce a wide variety of biotoxic and non-toxic biologically active compounds and could lead to the development of the food and pharmaceutical industries soon. The commercial proliferation of algae on a large scale i MoreCyanobacteria and microalgae have great potential to produce a wide variety of biotoxic and non-toxic biologically active compounds and could lead to the development of the food and pharmaceutical industries soon. The commercial proliferation of algae on a large scale is due to their ability to produce a wide range of valuable secondary metabolites such as polyunsaturated monounsaturated fatty acids, polysaccharides, glycerol, glycoproteins, antioxidant compounds, and antibiotics. Today, with the potential spread of bacterial resistance and reduced efficacy of existing antibiotics, researchers are looking to find new antibiotics among the products produced by microalgae. However, many cyanobacterial strains contain toxic compounds that cause the death of many humans and animals. In this review article, an attempt has been made to introduce valuable biologically active products along with various types of cyanotoxins in foods and treatment methods by collecting the latest research. It is hoped that the results of this study could pave the way for the introduction of valuable metabolites produced by cyanobacteria and microalgae in the food and pharmaceutical industries. TRANSLATE with x English Arabic Hebrew Polish Bulgarian Hindi Portuguese Catalan Hmong Daw Romanian Chinese Simplified Hungarian Russian Chinese Traditional Indonesian Slovak Czech Italian Slovenian Danish Japanese Spanish Dutch Klingon Swedish English Korean Thai Estonian Latvian Turkish Finnish Lithuanian Ukrainian French Malay Urdu German Maltese Vietnamese Greek Norwegian Welsh Haitian Creole Persian // TRANSLATE with COPY THE URL BELOW Back EMBED THE SNIPPET BELOW IN YOUR SITE Enable collaborative features and customize widget: Bing Webmaster Portal Back // TRANSLATE with x English Arabic Hebrew Polish Bulgarian Hindi Portuguese Catalan Hmong Daw Romanian Chinese Simplified Hungarian Russian Chinese Traditional Indonesian Slovak Czech Italian Slovenian Danish Japanese Spanish Dutch Klingon Swedish English Korean Thai Estonian Latvian Turkish Finnish Lithuanian Ukrainian French Malay Urdu German Maltese Vietnamese Greek Norwegian Welsh Haitian Creole Persian // TRANSLATE with COPY THE URL BELOW Back EMBED THE SNIPPET BELOW IN YOUR SITE Enable collaborative features and customize widget: Bing Webmaster Portal Back // TRANSLATE with x English Arabic Hebrew Polish Bulgarian Hindi Portuguese Catalan Hmong Daw Romanian Chinese Simplified Hungarian Russian Chinese Traditional Indonesian Slovak Czech Italian Slovenian Danish Japanese Spanish Dutch Klingon Swedish English Korean Thai Estonian Latvian Turkish Finnish Lithuanian Ukrainian French Malay Urdu German Maltese Vietnamese Greek Norwegian Welsh Haitian Creole Persian // TRANSLATE with COPY THE URL BELOW Back EMBED THE SNIPPET BELOW IN YOUR SITE Enable collaborative features and customize widget: Bing Webmaster Portal Back // TRANSLATE with x English Arabic Hebrew Polish Bulgarian Hindi Portuguese Catalan Hmong Daw Romanian Chinese Simplified Hungarian Russian Chinese Traditional Indonesian Slovak Czech Italian Slovenian Danish Japanese Spanish Dutch Klingon Swedish English Korean Thai Estonian Latvian Turkish Finnish Lithuanian Ukrainian French Malay Urdu German Maltese Vietnamese Greek Norwegian Welsh Haitian Creole Persian // TRANSLATE with COPY THE URL BELOW Back EMBED THE SNIPPET BELOW IN YOUR SITE Enable collaborative features and customize widget: Bing Webmaster Portal Back // TRANSLATE with x English Arabic Hebrew Polish Bulgarian Hindi Portuguese Catalan Hmong Daw Romanian Chinese Simplified Hungarian Russian Chinese Traditional Indonesian Slovak Czech Italian Slovenian Danish Japanese Spanish Dutch Klingon Swedish English Korean Thai Estonian Latvian Turkish Finnish Lithuanian Ukrainian French Malay Urdu German Maltese Vietnamese Greek Norwegian Welsh Haitian Creole Persian // TRANSLATE with COPY THE URL BELOW Back EMBED THE SNIPPET BELOW IN YOUR SITE Enable collaborative features and customize widget: Bing Webmaster Portal Back //TRANSLATE with xEnglishArabicHebrewPolishBulgarianHindiPortugueseCatalanHmong DawRomanianChinese SimplifiedHungarianRussianChinese TraditionalIndonesianSlovakCzechItalianSlovenianDanishJapaneseSpanishDutchKlingonSwedishEnglishKoreanThaiEstonianLatvianTurkishFinnishLithuanianUkrainianFrenchMalayUrduGermanMalteseVietnameseGreekNorwegianWelshHaitian CreolePersian // TRANSLATE with COPY THE URL BELOW BackEMBED THE SNIPPET BELOW IN YOUR SITE Enable collaborative features and customize widget: Bing Webmaster PortalBack// Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - A review of recent developments in the use of cyanobacteria and microalgae in improving the quality and increasing the shelf life of seafood products
Mahshid Alibabai Amir-Eghbal Khajeh-Rahimi Bahareh NowruziFood products spoil very quickly due to microbial, chemical, and enzymatic reactions that are the main cause of rapid quality deterioration. Nowadays, there is increasing consumer demand for high-quality foods with natural preservatives such as microalgae extracts. Micr MoreFood products spoil very quickly due to microbial, chemical, and enzymatic reactions that are the main cause of rapid quality deterioration. Nowadays, there is increasing consumer demand for high-quality foods with natural preservatives such as microalgae extracts. Microalgae are potential alternatives to reduce microbial growth, increase oxidative stability, and protect the sensory characteristics of foods. Researchers showed that the use of microalgae extracts in the diet of aquatic animals can increase meat quality and production. In this review article, the direct application of various microalgae extracts as seafood preservatives and their functional properties in seafood, such as: (antioxidant and antimicrobial activities) are investigated. In addition, the potential application of microalgae extracts in the composition of foods and their effect on the quality of foods are also presented. The result of reviewing many articles showed that despite the many advantages of microalgae, there are still many challenges in the production and use of microalgae biomass or its derivatives in the food industry, hence the safety assessment and the use of ideal concentrations for studies. Future studies are still necessary to determine the optimal concentration for the large-scale use of microalgae extracts in industry and seafood, to develop effective strategies or to prevent the occurrence of food product spoilage, as well as to increase the welfare of consumers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - Analysis of physiologic characteristics of green algae for biodiesel production
Ramazanali Khavarinejad fatemeh malekahmadi neda soltani farzaneh najafi Taher NejadsattariGlobal warming, due to the excessive use of fossil fuels, rising prices, environmental pollution, and greenhouse gas emission, have made scientists produce a renewable fuel as a replacement for fossil fuels. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of four sp MoreGlobal warming, due to the excessive use of fossil fuels, rising prices, environmental pollution, and greenhouse gas emission, have made scientists produce a renewable fuel as a replacement for fossil fuels. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of four species of green algae as raw materials for biodiesel production. After purification, samples were kept in BBM and N8 culture medium at 25° C, pH 7, and under constant light. Growth rate, chlorophyll content, carotenoid concentration, and lipid content were measured. The total fatty acid contents and fatty acid profiles were measured with FTIR and GC-Mass, respectively. Findings showed that the highest growth rate and biomass production, and the minimum division time and also the maximum lipid contents belonged to the green algae Scenedesmussp ISC 94. Moreover, palmitic acid (42.74%), stearic acid (29.56%), palmitoleic acid (10.2%), oleic acid (6.72%), linoleic acid (1.72%), and α-linolenic acid (1.64%) were measured in Scenedesmussp ISC 94. The fatty acid composition of the microalgal lipid comprised over %80 of saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids with a double bound. Also, palmitic and oleic acids were the majore fatty acids isolated. Therefore, ecause of high lipid production and the best lipid content, Scenedesmussp ISC 94 is recommended for its potential as a biodiesel feedstock. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - Removal of lead-heavy metal from industrial waste using three microalgae species Scenedesmus acutus, Scenedesmus incrassatulus, and Scenedesmus obliquus
Mahdi Alayi Ahmad mohammadi Hamid Mashhadi fahimeh mahmoudniaEnvironmental pollution with heavy metals is one of the most serious environmental problems. There are several methods for removing heavy metals that require a lot of energy and are expensive. Therefore, the use of adsorbents such as algae has been considered. In this s MoreEnvironmental pollution with heavy metals is one of the most serious environmental problems. There are several methods for removing heavy metals that require a lot of energy and are expensive. Therefore, the use of adsorbents such as algae has been considered. In this study, the efficiency of three species of microalgae Scenedesmus acutus, Scenedesmus incrassatulus, and Scenedesmus obliquus in adsorption of lead-heavy metal was investigated. For this purpose, pH (3 to 7), algal density (0.25 to 2 g), contaminant concentration (20 to 200 mg / l), time (30 to 150 minutes), and temperature (15 to 35 ° C) were investigated. it placed. The results showed that the rate of absorption of heavy metals by these three species was not significantly different. However, pH, algal density, pollutant concentration, time, and the temperature had a significant effect on the efficiency of algae in removing contaminants from the environment. The highest amount of lead uptake by microalgae occurred at pH 6, 25 ° C, adsorbent level of 0.5 g, contact time of 120 minutes, and density of 150 mg / l lead. Lead uptake had no effect on lipid and biodiesel production by microalgae. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
29 - Investigation of heavy metal (Pb+) effect in presence of (Ca2+) on photosynthetic pigmentsand antioxidant enzymes activityof Entromorpha sp.
Belghais Boyok Saeid Soltani Amene sadat HashemiLead as one of the most expanded metals in environment, effects on human health. Besides, the biological absorption by algae leads to the reduction of heavy metal pollutions in aqueoussolutions. In this study, accumulation and bioabsorption of Pb+ on biochemical charact MoreLead as one of the most expanded metals in environment, effects on human health. Besides, the biological absorption by algae leads to the reduction of heavy metal pollutions in aqueoussolutions. In this study, accumulation and bioabsorption of Pb+ on biochemical characteristics of green alga Entromorpha was investigated. For this purpose, effects of different concentrations of Pb2+ (0, 50, 100 and 150 µM Pb(SO4)2) in presence of two concentrations of Ca2+ (0 and 0.5 mM CaCl2) was studied in Entromorpha collected on Caspian Sea in two times of 3 and 8 days in random complete design with 4 replications for photosynthetic pigments content, membrane lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzymes activity. The results indicated a decreasing rate of chlorophylla and b, total chlorophyll and carotenoid and also activity of polyphenoloxidase enzymewith increase of Pb2+ concentration and stress during. In membrane lipid peroxidation assay, malondialdehyde increased significantly by increase of Pb2+concentration. For these traits including chlorophyll, and carotenoid content and also membrane lipid peroxidation assay, effects of Pb2+ stress decreased by using CaCl2 treatment. The results of antioxidant assay showed that catalase, ascorbate peroxidase and peroxidase activities in both 3 and 8 days stress was high without CaCl2 treatment than using it. In general, the results of this study showed that Pb2+causes oxidative stress and biochemical changes in Enteromorpha green algae. Also, the presence of CaCl2 treatment reduces the effects of stress. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
30 - Investigating the productivity of biomass, lipid content, and biodiesel fuel in the mixed culture of Scenedesmus sp and Desmodesmus armatus microalgae.
Ammar Bagheri Mohammad Gholami Parashkoohi Ahmad Mohammadi Davood MohammadzamaniThe role of biotechnology in the production of primary and secondary metabolites of algae is of great importance. Cultivation of pure and single-celled algae has been widely carried out in recent years. Although mixed cultures of microalgae have advantages over pure cul MoreThe role of biotechnology in the production of primary and secondary metabolites of algae is of great importance. Cultivation of pure and single-celled algae has been widely carried out in recent years. Although mixed cultures of microalgae have advantages over pure cultures, there is still insufficient information on the performance of mixed cultures. In this research, all effective factors in the growth of two types of freshwater microalgae in mixed culture and their biological effects on the growth rate, biomass, and fat were investigated. The selected species included the microalgae Scenedesmus sp and Desmodesmus armatus. After the initial culture and reaching the appropriate density, the sample was transferred to the vertical photobioreactor and environmental factors were applied to the microalgae in pure and mixed cultures. Then the effect of environmental parameters and type of cultivation on biomass productivity and lipid content was investigated.The results showed that the highest amount of cell density and biomass in the conditions of a temperature of 25 degrees Celsius, the light intensity of 3000 lux, 16 hours of exposure, and acidity of 8 is related to the pure culture of Scenedesmus and then the mixed culture of Scenedesmus and Desmodesmus. The highest amount of lipid production under constant temperature conditions of 30°C, 18 hours of exposure, the light intensity of 4000 lux, and pH9 were related to Scenedesmus and then Desmodesmus. In terms of the amount of biodiesel produced, the highest amount was related to the microalgae Scenedesmus and then Desmodesmos under conditions of 16 hours of exposure, 4000 lux radiation, a temperature of 25°C, and pH8.The results showed that microalgae mixed culture had a positive effect on the production of biomass and cell density, and a negative effect on the production of secondary metabolites such as lipids, compared to pure culture. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
31 - Isolation and record of new species of cyanobacteria belonged to oscillatoriaceae from Tehran province with use of different culture media
ندا Soltani لادن Baftehchi Sh EhsanThere is a few information about microflora of Tehran Province in spite of its large surface. In this research, soils and waters of this province were studied and four new species of microalgae belongs to Nostocaceae, Oscillatoriaceae from cyanobacteria and also Chlorel MoreThere is a few information about microflora of Tehran Province in spite of its large surface. In this research, soils and waters of this province were studied and four new species of microalgae belongs to Nostocaceae, Oscillatoriaceae from cyanobacteria and also Chlorellaceae from chlorophyta have been reported for the first time. Collections were done from this province in summer and autumn of 2008. Samples were from both water and soil. Soil samples were cultured by use of Allen & Arnon, BG110, BBM and N8. Isolation was done by agar plate method. Species were identified by morphological keys. In conclusion 4 species Microcheate tenera, Oscillatoria foreaui, Nostoc entophytum, Chlorella ellipsoida belonged to blue green and green algae were isolated and identified from Tehran Province for first time. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
32 - The effect of continuous illumination and short dark durations on growth and pigment composition of green algae Scenedesmus sp. From Golestan Province - Iran
پروانه Harati Sh Shokravi آرین Sateei پانیذ AziziChlorophytean alga Scenedesmus, seems a potent strain considering both agricultural and nutriotional biotechnology. Unfortunately we have no report about this micrroalga at Golestan Province. Each economic program using this microalgae in applied purposes, need exact bi MoreChlorophytean alga Scenedesmus, seems a potent strain considering both agricultural and nutriotional biotechnology. Unfortunately we have no report about this micrroalga at Golestan Province. Each economic program using this microalgae in applied purposes, need exact biological characterization including ecophysioligical researches. Considering these purposes, viability, growth, and pigment composition of one of the species of this genus collected from paddy-field of Golestan Province have been studied under continuous and below two hours light dark photoperiods. Collection have been done from paddy fields of Golestan Province at one year duration. After isolation, Scenedesmus sp. Has been incubated under 2 umolquanta m-2 s-1, both continuous at then with dark durations (30, 60 and 90 minutes). Viability, growth and pigment composition have been studied at the species. Results showed that, the species remain variable at continuous and non continuous illumination conditions as a whole. The growth specific rate reach to the highest rate at one hours dark condition. 30 minutes dark photoperiods and continuous dark cause almost similar conditions and decrease the growth rate sharply. Reproductive cycle accelerate significantly at 30 minutes photoperiods and continuous illumination. Chlorophyll a production rate decrease at 30 minutes dark photoperiods comparing highest light durations. The amount of Chlorophyll a was highest at continuous light and 60 minutes photoperiods. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
33 - Study of growth, ammonium release and nitrate reductase activity of green algae Dunaliella salina in salinity stress, low light and CO2 conditions
زهرا Hosseini k آرین Sateei Sh . Shokravi فریبا Amirlatifi مریم Safaei عماد Hosseini KThe ability of green microalgae, Dunaliella salina for existence, growth, nitrat reductase activity and ammonium release in low light, ambient CO2 and saline condition was studied for a better understanding of it is biotechnological importance. Samples were cultivated i MoreThe ability of green microalgae, Dunaliella salina for existence, growth, nitrat reductase activity and ammonium release in low light, ambient CO2 and saline condition was studied for a better understanding of it is biotechnological importance. Samples were cultivated in Johnson medium whit NaCl, 7.5, 15, 30 and 50% or without NaCl(control), 30◦C±1◦C, continious white light, 1500 lux, provided by fluorescent lamps and were aerated continiously using aquarium pumps. Based on the results of the present research, the best growth obtained in NaCl 7.5% for along term period, although in short term, a very high growth rate was obtained in NaCl 50% (Saturated salinity). Ammonium release was maximum in NaCl 50% and the nitrate reductase activity was minimum in the same salinity but there was no statistically significant correlation between ammonium release and nitrate reductase activity. The ability of Dunaliella salina in releasing high amount of ammonium and growth in low and high salinity makes it an important candidate as a new biofertilizer. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
34 - Advanced Factors Affecting Microalgae Large-Scale Cultivation and Their Effects on Productivity Improvement
Sasan Ghobadian Neda SoltaniPerhaps talking about the use of microalgae species in various fields, global approaches to increase the productivity and شchieving economic superiority alongside لreat environmental benefits وis superfluous.Some of these factors such as illumination conditions, tempera MorePerhaps talking about the use of microalgae species in various fields, global approaches to increase the productivity and شchieving economic superiority alongside لreat environmental benefits وis superfluous.Some of these factors such as illumination conditions, temperature, nutrient concentration, CO2 content and the like have been researched befor. Therefore, in this article, simply review researches that focuses on some less tested factors but with significant effects on increasing culture productivity, especially on a large scale.Therefore, at first, different cultivation environments including fresh water, sea water and sewage for use in mass cultivation are described and compared and the superior species of each environment are introduced. Then different culture methods including photototrophic, heterotrophic, mixotrophic and photothetrophic were compare. Reuse of recycled water for microalgae cultivation process to reduce treatment and pumping costs and related challenges is considered. Finally, the effect of shear stresses (coused by equipments and is a major concern in large-scale cultivation) on cultivation productivity and ways to reduce these effects is considered. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
35 - The Acute Toxicity of tin dioxide Nanoparticles on Chlorella vulgaris Algae
Fatemeh Shariati Mahrooz Ziksari Zohreh RamzanpourNowadays, nanotechnology and the use of its components, including nanoparticles, have successfully improved the situation of industries in advancing production goals. Among these nanoparticles, SnO2 or tin dioxide nanoparticles, which was used in this study, can be ment MoreNowadays, nanotechnology and the use of its components, including nanoparticles, have successfully improved the situation of industries in advancing production goals. Among these nanoparticles, SnO2 or tin dioxide nanoparticles, which was used in this study, can be mentioned. Tin dioxide is used in the manufacture of batteries and fuel cells, capacitors, and catalysts, and the health of living organisms will be affected by the negative effects of factory effluents entering rivers and other water sources. In this study, the biotoxicity of tin oxide nanoparticles on Chlorella vulgaris algae, which is one of the primary producers and most important levels of the food chain was investigated. This research was conducted by the OECD acute toxicity test method (Counting method for algae, method 201) and statistical probit analysis was performed to obtain toxicity data using the probit method. The results of exposure for Chlorella vulgaris in 48 and 72 hours, were EC50 and EC90 equal to 6.99, 57.54 and 13.08, and 1.07 x 1010 mg L-1, respectively. The highest growth decrease after 48 and 72 hours was observed in 5.5 mg L-1 SnO2 NP. During the test period, no morphological changes were observed for any of the microorganisms, which are based on the toxicity of tin oxide nanoparticles. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
36 - Antimicrobial activity of grass kelp macroalgae (Ulva intestinalis) hydro-alcoholic extract on cultured Beluga (Huso huso) minced fish during refrigerated storage
Mitra Daneshvar Ghorbani سید پژمان حسینی شکرابی Seyed Ebrahim HosseiniThis study was carried out to investigate the possibility of using Ulva intestinalis macroalgae extract as a natural antibacterial agent in Beluga minced meat. For this purpose, the minimum of inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the hydroalcoholic extract of the algae was MoreThis study was carried out to investigate the possibility of using Ulva intestinalis macroalgae extract as a natural antibacterial agent in Beluga minced meat. For this purpose, the minimum of inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the hydroalcoholic extract of the algae was determined in vitro by micro-well dilution method against Listeria monocytogenes pathogen. Then, the concentrations of controls (without any additive), BHT (as a synthetic antioxidant), MIC, 2 fold of the MIC (2MIC) and 3 fold of the MIC (3MIC) concentrations, were mixed with minced meat and refrigerated. Microbial properties of the samples including psychrophilic bacteria count, mesophilic bacteria count, Pseudomonas count and Enterobacteriaceae count were measured at 0, 4, 8, and 12 days. According to the results, the MIC was 12.5 mg/mL. The result of this study showed that the samples with the algae extract had less microbial load in comparison with control and BHT groups (p <0.01). Also, 3MIC showed the most antibacterial effect among other algae extract treatments by the lowest amount of mesophilic bacteria (6.27 Log cfu/g), cold (09.08 Log cfu/g) Pseudomonas (6.6 Log cfu/g) and Enterobacteriaceae (6.21 Log cfu/g) population size at the end of storage period. The results indicated that grass kelp macroalgae is a suitable species for use as a natural preservative, and the minced fish with three fold of the MIC concentration had less bacterial spoilage during the storage period in a refrigerator. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
37 - A review of the use of cyanobacteria in increasing effects of prebiotic and probiotic on food
Seyed Amir Ali Anvar Bahareh NowruziProbiotics have been a good and healthy food source for humans for centuries. In the meantime, microalgae are always considered useful dietary supplements. The combination of microalgae and probiotics leads to the production of fermented dairy products that not only inc MoreProbiotics have been a good and healthy food source for humans for centuries. In the meantime, microalgae are always considered useful dietary supplements. The combination of microalgae and probiotics leads to the production of fermented dairy products that not only increase the quality of food but also increase their nutritional value for consumers by increasing the number and shelf life of probiotic bacteria. In fact, as the number of live probiotics in the diet increases, consumers will receive more probiotics at the time of consumption. In this review article, we tried to investigate the effect of probiotics and prebiotics on the use of microalgae supplements on various fermented dairy products. In addition, by reviewing the latest available articles, the effect of using microalgae supplements on the physiological, chemical and microbiological properties and sensory of dairy products were examined. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
38 - فعالیت ضد میکروبی 5 گونه جلبک سبز - آبی و 3 گونه جلبک سبز جمع آوری شده از مشهد و حومه
سمانه رحیمی محمود ذکایی ندا سلطانیمقدمه و هدف: جلبک­ها دارای تنوع وگستردگی فراوانی هستند و روز به روز با توجه به ارزش دارویی و غذایی آن­ها مطالعات فراوانی بر روی خواص آن­ها انجام می شود. در تحقیق حاضر نیز فعالیت ضد میکروبی جلبک­های سبز- آبی و سبز جمع آوری شده از مشهد و حومه، مورد بررسی ق Moreمقدمه و هدف: جلبک­ها دارای تنوع وگستردگی فراوانی هستند و روز به روز با توجه به ارزش دارویی و غذایی آن­ها مطالعات فراوانی بر روی خواص آن­ها انجام می شود. در تحقیق حاضر نیز فعالیت ضد میکروبی جلبک­های سبز- آبی و سبز جمع آوری شده از مشهد و حومه، مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند .روش تحقیق: اثر عصاره­های آبی، اتری و متانولی، گونه های جلبک شناسایی­شده در برابر دو باکتری گرم مثبت و دو باکتری گرم منفی و دو قارچ مطالعه شد.نتایج و بحث: نتایج نشان داد که خاصیت ضدمیکروبی در دو گونه از خانواده­ی Nostocaceae ، یک گونه از خانواده­ی Chroococaceae ، یک گونه از خانواده­ی Heylaceae و یک گونه از خانواده­ی Scytonemataceae قابل تأمّل است. جلبک­های سبزِ شناسایی­شده، به 15 جنس از سه خانواده و پنج راسته متعلق بودند که فعالیت ضدمیکروبی آن­ها متعلق به دو گونه از خانواده­ی Scenedesmaceae و یک گونه از خانواده­ی Zygnemataceae بوده­است. مشاهده­ها حاکی از آن است که باکتری گرم مثبت Bacillus subtilis ، به وسیله­ی دو گونه جلبک سبز- آبی و یک گونه جلبک سبز ، مهار شد و باکتری گرم مثبت Staphylococcus epidermidis ، به وسیله­ی دو گونه از جلبک­های سبز – آبی و یک گونه جلبک سبز مهار شد، در حالی­که باکتری­های گرم منفی، نسبت به جلبک­های موجود، هیچ حساسیتی نشان ندادند. دو سیانو باکتری و یک گونه از جلبک­های سبز شناسایی­شده، رشد قارچ Candida albicans را مهار کردند ولی بر قارچ Candida kefyr هیچ تأثیری دیده نشد. می­توان گفت در این تحقیق باکتری­های گرم مثبت حساس­تر از گرم منفی نشان داده شده­اند.توصیه کاربردی/صنعتی: با توجه به نتایج حاصل از این تحقیق می توان از عصاره برخی از جلبک ها سبز-آبی و سبز جمع آوری شده از مشهد به عنوان ترکیبات ضد باکتریایی طبیعی استفاده کرد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
39 - مقایسه سیستم های تولید جلبک بر اساس مصرف انرژی و تحلیل اقتصادی: کاربرد تحلیل پوششی داده ها
ناصر کاظمی محمد غلامی پرشکوهی احمد محمدی داود محمد زمانیهدف این مقاله بررسی کارایی مصرف انرژی و تحلیل اقتصادی در سیستم های مختلف تولید ریزجلبک (روش فضای باز و گلخانه) با استفاده از روش تحلیل پوششی داده ها (DEA) است. داده های جمع آوری شده از آزمایشگاه دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد اراک محلی برای انجام آزمایشات تولید ریزجلبک در سیس Moreهدف این مقاله بررسی کارایی مصرف انرژی و تحلیل اقتصادی در سیستم های مختلف تولید ریزجلبک (روش فضای باز و گلخانه) با استفاده از روش تحلیل پوششی داده ها (DEA) است. داده های جمع آوری شده از آزمایشگاه دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد اراک محلی برای انجام آزمایشات تولید ریزجلبک در سیستم های مختلف بود. تعداد نمونه ها در هر سیستم تولید ریزجلبک برابر 20 عدد برآورد شد. نتایج انرژی نشان داد که میانگین کل انرژی ورودی به ترتیب 40/15920 و 60/17691 مگاژول در کیلوگرم در فضای باز و گلخانه بود. همچنین نسبت انرژی برای فضای باز و شرایط گلخانه به ترتیب 0.89 و 0.80 و شاخص بهره وری انرژی 0.06 و 0.02 کیلوگرم بر مگاژول برآورد شد. بر اساس تحلیل اقتصادی، بازده خالص روش فضای باز و گلخانه به ترتیب 204376.59 و 269276.06 دلار در کیلوگرم بود. بهره وری اقتصادی روش های کشت فضای باز و گلخانه ای به ترتیب 0.17 و 0.16 کیلوگرم بر دلار تعیین شد. نتیجه DEA نشان داد که کل مصرف بهینه انرژی در روش فضای باز 93/14476 مگاژول در کیلوگرم بود. با تبدیل کشت ناکارآمد به کارآمد، حدود 16355.21 مگاژول در کیلوگرم در روش گلخانه ای (7.55 درصد) نسبت به شرایط کشت فعلی صرفه جویی شد. طبق بررسی های انجام شده مشخص شد که کشت در فضای باز نسبت به کشت گلخانه ای انرژی کمتری مصرف می کند و مقرون به صرفه تر است. در نتیجه، ترویج کشت ریزجلبک در فضای باز به کشت گلخانه ای ارجحیت دارد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
40 - Biostratigraphy of Kazhdumi Formation in Naghsh-e- Rostam Mountain
Mahnaz Parvaneh Nejad Shirazi Shahin Ghahramani Ali Kheradmand -
Open Access Article
41 - Cesium biosorption from aqueous solutions using Sargasum modified algae, equilibrium and kinetics
H. Taherzadeh M. آ. Khani -
Open Access Article
42 - Efficiency of cyanobacterium Spirulina in removal of orthophosphates from simulated municipal wastewater
S. Jafari A. A. HosseiniIn this study the efficiency of bioreactors containing Spirulina algae in removal of orthophosphates from municipal wastewater was investigated. Physical factors such as light, temperature, pH, agitation and aeration, and chemical factor such as culture medium can be an MoreIn this study the efficiency of bioreactors containing Spirulina algae in removal of orthophosphates from municipal wastewater was investigated. Physical factors such as light, temperature, pH, agitation and aeration, and chemical factor such as culture medium can be an important factor influencing the growth of micro-algae. Spiral Helical photobioreactor and Zarrouk medium as culture medium were used for the removal of phosphorus from municipal wastewater. Microalgae stabilized in the culture medium with different amounts of air (zero and 1.3 L/ min) were added to 4.5L municipal wastewater in photobioreactor. The concentration of orthophosphates absorbed was measured by a spectrophotometer (DR/4000 HACH) at different time intervals. In an 18-day period, performance of the bioreactor containing Spirulina algae in removal of orthophosphates from municipal wastewater was studied. The results showed that without aeration, orthophosphate concentration of 38.46 mg / L reduced to 11.54 mg/L. Aeration flow of 1.3 L/min reduced orthophosphate concentration from 60gr/Lit to 20gr/L. In other words, the bioreactor containing Spirulina algae, had an efficiency of 69.9% for the removal of orthophosphates, without aeration, and an efficiency of 80%, with aeration (flow rate of 1.3 L/min) (The percentages quoted are average of three replicates). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
43 - Study of pH Changes of Culture Medium of Green Microalgae (Scenedesmus quadricauda) under Chemical Stresses
A. piraliBiological, chemical and physical factors influence on physiology of aquatic microalgae. Changes in these factors effect and disturb the life cycle of microalgae as well as their physiological parameters.In this study the changes of pH in the culture medium of green alg MoreBiological, chemical and physical factors influence on physiology of aquatic microalgae. Changes in these factors effect and disturb the life cycle of microalgae as well as their physiological parameters.In this study the changes of pH in the culture medium of green algae Scenedesmus quadricauda (Turp.)Bréb. In three different culture media under chemical stresses using herbicideMetribuzin and water hardness, was investigated. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design for a period of 21 days. Change in acidityof culture media A and B had direct relationship with water hardness and presence of herbicide. Results of pH changes in medium A suggest a direct correlation with the amount of chlorophyll a, b and carotenoid. According to the results of analysis of variance, there are also significant differences (P < 0.05) in some treatments in different media. The greatest amount of carotenoid was observed at 150 mg/L CaCO3. In general, it can be said that the green algae, Scenedesmus quadricauda species, had high tolerance to changes in the acidity of the medium, along with chemical stresses caused by water hardness and presence of herbicide Metribuzin. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
44 - Determination of nutritional value and mineral elements of red algae Hypnea flagelliformis from Bandar Abbas , Persian Gulf
Sh. Safaeian K. Larijani M. Talebzadeh Sh. ShabaniIn this study chemical composition (protein, fat, carbohydrates, fiber, Ash) and mineral elements (Fe, Mg, Ca, K, Na, I, P, Se, Mn, Zn, Cu) in the red algae Hypnea flagelliformis of Persian Gulf coast in winter 2010 and spring 2011 were analyzed in triplicates. Results MoreIn this study chemical composition (protein, fat, carbohydrates, fiber, Ash) and mineral elements (Fe, Mg, Ca, K, Na, I, P, Se, Mn, Zn, Cu) in the red algae Hypnea flagelliformis of Persian Gulf coast in winter 2010 and spring 2011 were analyzed in triplicates. Results showed that amount of energy in100 gr of red algae H. flagelliformis in spring was 179. 962 kcal and in winter it was169.872 kcal. Chemical analysis of H. flagelliformis red algae in winter showed that average amounts of protein, carbohydrates, fat, fiber and ash were %15.366 ± 0. 0283 ,%25.851 ± 0.12037,%0.556 ± 0.0351, %0.976 ± 0.0045 and %14.873 ± 0.040 dry weight respectively. Also in spring amounts of these factors were %17.851 ± 0.0045, %26.3003 ± 0.025, %0.3733 ± 0.0057, %1.177 ± 0.052 and %15.263 ± 0.0416 dry weight respectively. Most protein, carbohydrate and fiber belonged to spring algae. This is considerable because of high amount of protein in red algae than green algae and brown. The analysis of red algae H. flagelliformis showed that the average amount of this elements in winter was respectively, Fe (290.76 ± 0.1527), Mg (1286.6 ± 2.516), Ca (2618.6 ± 0.577), K (1638.9 ± 0.776), Na (1854.3 ± 2.081), I (6.338 ± 0.2749), P (56.3 ± 0.3), Se (44.7 ± 0.3605), Mn (4.94 ± 0.305), Zn (2.16 ± 0.208) and Cu (1.16 ± 0.0251) mg per 100 gr of dry matter. The amount of these elements in spring, was Fe (233.9 ± 2.891), Mg (1028 ± 2) , Ca (4356.3 ± 2.516) , K ( 1977.6 ± 5.631) , Na ( 2898.6 ± 0.577) , I (7.16 ± 0.05715) , P (53.6 ± 0.3) , Se (40.7 ± 0.2) , Mn (8.05 ± 0.02) , Zn ( 5.2 ±0.173) and Cu( 1. 43 ± 0.0378) mg per 100 gr of dry matter respectively. results showed that there is a significant difference between the average chemical composition, macro elements and micro elemans in winter and spring (P<0.01). Average iodine elements in two seasons didn’t show significant difference (P>0.01). The results of chemical analysis in the red algae Hypnea flagelliformis suggest more investigations in case of high level of Iodine, Selenium, Iron, Magnesium, Calcium, Sodium, Potassium as a good supplement. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
45 - Study on autotrophic and mixotrophic cultivation conditions of Chlorella vulgaris microalgae for biodiesel production
F. Soltan Mohammadi S. SafaeianOil extracted from microalgae, is a potential energy source, as it can be easily converted to fatty acid methyl ester or hydrocarbon type biodiesel. The aim of the present work was to optimize the production of biodiesel by Chlorella vulgaris in mixotrophic and autotrop MoreOil extracted from microalgae, is a potential energy source, as it can be easily converted to fatty acid methyl ester or hydrocarbon type biodiesel. The aim of the present work was to optimize the production of biodiesel by Chlorella vulgaris in mixotrophic and autotrophic cultivated conditions. Comparison of cell growth rate of Chlorella vulgaris was carried out, in TMRL(AG) and TX batch culture media, in four treatments and three repeats for ten days. In each treatment, Chlorella vulgaris was counted every two days once. Based on the results of this survey, the highest cell growth, 118×106 cell/ml, was recorded in autotrophic condition in TMRL(AG) medium and lowest count number was 77× 106 cells/ml in TX medium, in mixotrophic condition. There was significant difference between different media and average density of microalgae Chlorella vulgaris cell growth in ten days (p≤0.05). In this study, growth rate and growth coefficient showed more rapid growth of Chlorella in TMRL medium compared with TX medium. Oil content in TMRL (AG) media in mixotrophic and autotrophic cultivation conditions were %4.22 and %1.21, respectively. Our results revealed, for large scale culture of microalgae Chlorella, in order to be used in industrial biodiesel production, TMRL(AG) medium showed higher cell growth rate, greater amount of oil production and lower overall cost, in mixotrophic condition. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
46 - Changes of chemical composition of brown algae Padina boergesenii collected from Qeshm coastal zone
Sh. Safaeian M.H. Givianrad Sh. FarzadmaneshIn this study chemical composition (ash, protein, fiber, fat and carbohydrates) and mineral contents (Na, Ca, K, Fe, Mn, Mg, Zn, Cu, Co, Se and P) of Padina boergesenii collected from the Persian Gulf in the winter of 1389 and spring of 1390 have studied. Results indica MoreIn this study chemical composition (ash, protein, fiber, fat and carbohydrates) and mineral contents (Na, Ca, K, Fe, Mn, Mg, Zn, Cu, Co, Se and P) of Padina boergesenii collected from the Persian Gulf in the winter of 1389 and spring of 1390 have studied. Results indicate that the nutritional value of brown algae Padina boergesenii was 114.37 kilo calories in the spring and 154.208 kilo calories in the winter. Chemical analysis of the brown alga Padina boergesenii indicated these amounts of Protein, ash, carbohydrates, fat and fiber: (%12.26 ± 0.015), (%13.28 ± 0.01), (%25.97 ± 5.634), (%0.14 ± 0.036) and (%4.67 ± 0.709) DW in the spring and (%12.63 ± 0.042), (11.14 ± 0.01), (%15.24 ± 0.649), (%0.32 ± 0.032) and (%3.8 ± 0.112) DW in the winter, respectively. Difference between the means of protein, fat, ash and carbohydrates in spring and winter is meaningful (P ≤ 0.05); difference between the means of fiber in mentioned seasons is (P ≥ 0.05). Analysis of mineral contents of brown algae Padina boergesenii indicates these amounts for Fe, Ca, Na, K, Mg, Se were (1160.333 ± 19.85), (7554 ± 29.799), (10874.74 ± 1646.958), (10594.6 ± 692.67), (5569.33 ± 11.015) and (572 ± 9) ppm in the spring respectively also these values in the winter are (2265.667 ± 224.5982), (7820.93 ± 60.9008), (8728 ± 1032.42), (4612.97 ± 609.99), (6805.33 ± 154.212) and (526 ± 14.047) ppm respectively, therefore, it can be said that Potassium, Sodium and Selenium have higher amounts in the spring and difference between the means of potassium, iron, calcium, magnesium, selenium is meaningful in the brown algae Padina boergesenii (P ≤ 0.05); difference between the means of sodium is meaningless (P ≥ 0.05). Reference made to the results of this study regarding chemical and mineral composition specially Protein percentage and amounts of Selenium, Calcium, Potassium, Padina boergesenii is a recommended candidate as food supplement. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
47 - Identification and biomass of macroalgae in intertidal zone of Bushehr Province
P. Nejatkhah Manavi F. Rafiee S. Shariat zadeh Sh. SeifiIn this research, identification and biomass of macroalgae in Jofreh, Naftkesh, Daneshjo, Lian sights in Bushehr Province in winter 1388 (2010) at low, mid and high intertidal zone have been studied. Sampling was done randomly with 0.5 m2 quadrate. Totally 9 genera of g MoreIn this research, identification and biomass of macroalgae in Jofreh, Naftkesh, Daneshjo, Lian sights in Bushehr Province in winter 1388 (2010) at low, mid and high intertidal zone have been studied. Sampling was done randomly with 0.5 m2 quadrate. Totally 9 genera of green, red and brown macro algae were recognized. Maximum and minimum biomass of algae belonged to brown and green algae with 2166/7and 687g/m2, respectively. The green algae Codium, sp., Chaetomorpha, sp. , Chatomotpha gracilis and the red algae Hypnea sp., Gracillaria, sp., Laurencia,sp. , Gracillara corticata, Laurencia papillosa and Laurencia obtuse , also 6 brown algae including Sargassum sp., Padina sp., Colpomenia sp. , Cystoseria sp. ,Colpomenia sinuosa and Cystoseria fimbriata, were recognized. Key words: Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
48 - The effects of organic fertilizers and cover beds on yield and some physiological traits of Calendula officinalis L. treated with brown algae extract foliar application
lamia Vojodi Mehrabani Mohammadbagher Hasanpour Aghdam Asghar Ebrahimzadeh rana valizadehThis study was conducted to assay the effects of diverse levels of foliar application of brown marine algae extract (0, 150 and 300 ml) in combined with integrative treatment of organic fertilizers (control, poaltry manure, cow manure and vermicompost) and soil cover (w MoreThis study was conducted to assay the effects of diverse levels of foliar application of brown marine algae extract (0, 150 and 300 ml) in combined with integrative treatment of organic fertilizers (control, poaltry manure, cow manure and vermicompost) and soil cover (white and black) on some physiological characteristics (chlorophyll content, total phenolic, flavonoids and anthocyanin contents) and growth potential of Calendula officinalis as factorial based on RCBD with three replications. The results revealed the significant interaction effects of integrative treatments (soil cover and organic fertilizer) and algal extracts foliar application on chlorophyll a content. The highest chlorophyll a content was recorded in vermicompost + 300 ml algae extract. The highest data for root (15gm-2) and stem dry weight (74/8g m-2) and for flower diameter (5/98cm) were recorded in plants treated with vermicompost + white mulch. The greatest phenolic content, flower dry weight, as well as the highest essential oil content were acquired in organic fertilizer + black mulch. The lowest data for phenolic and essential oil content was belonged to control (without algae extract) treatment. Algal extract foliar application significantly influenced the anthocyanin content at 300 ml. Finally, all treatments used in this study had positive effects on the physiological and morphological characteristics of Marigold and can be recommended to farmers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
49 - The Effect of Aluminium on Antibacterial Properties and the Content of Some Fatty Acids in Microalgae, Chlorella vulgaris Beijernick, under Heterotrophic and Autotrophic Conditions
Hossein Abbaspour Sahar Soleymanian -
Open Access Article
50 - Assessment of Nutritional and Antioxidant Activity of Sport Drink Enriched with Spirulina platensis
Tahereh Sadeghi Mohammad Mehdi Marvizadeh Fateme Ebrahimi Shahrzad Mafi Omid Foughani Abdorreza Mohammadi Nafchi -
Open Access Article
51 - Effects of Different Dietary Levels of Algae Chromochloris zofingiensis on Growth Performance and Meat Quality of Japanese Quail
Mohsen Mohamadisaei Houshang Lotfollahian Farzaneh Mehrabi Behrouz Yarahmadi Alireza Cheqeni Amin KazemizadehThe aim of this study was to determine the effect of different levels of Algae on performance and meat quality in Japanese quail. For this purpose, the numbers of 306 pieces of 3-days age of Japanese quail were used in a completely randomized design by; 6 experimental t MoreThe aim of this study was to determine the effect of different levels of Algae on performance and meat quality in Japanese quail. For this purpose, the numbers of 306 pieces of 3-days age of Japanese quail were used in a completely randomized design by; 6 experimental treatments, 3 replicates and 17 chickens per replication. The experimental treatments comprised different levels of Algae as; T1: no Algae (control group), T2; 0.05 %, T3: 0.1 %, T4: 0.15%, T5: 0.20 %and T5: 0.25% of this Algae was added to the basic diet. In addition to measuring yield performance at 35 days of age, 4 pieces of quail in both sexes (males and females) were randomly selected and slaughtered from each replicate for evaluation of meat quality. Our results showed that the effect of different levels of Algae in quail’s diets doesn’t have any significant effect on average body weight gaining, feed intake, feed conversion ratio and live weights (p > 0.05). Feeding different levels of Algae had significant effect on carcass weight (p < 0.05). Also, feeding other levels of Algae had significant effect on carcass yield rate (p < 0.05). Although, there was no significant difference between all treatments for meat malondialdehyde index (p > 0.05) But, it had significant effect on meat pH, water holding capacity and blood loss percentage between treatments (p < 0.05). In general, the results revealed that using Algae at level of % 0.1 of the diet could be effective for improving performance and meat quality in Japanese quail. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
52 - Compare the Toxicity of Silver Nanoparticles Produced by Biological and Chemical Methods on Artemia franciscana in Naupliar and Adult Stages
S. Mashjoor M. Alishahi Z. Tulaby DezfulyIn this study, the toxicity of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and the difference in sensitivities in naupliar and adult stages of Artemia fransiscana, were evaluated to absorption of chemical and biosynthesized by the seaweed Ulva flexuosa, forms of AgNPs. The A. nauplii MoreIn this study, the toxicity of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and the difference in sensitivities in naupliar and adult stages of Artemia fransiscana, were evaluated to absorption of chemical and biosynthesized by the seaweed Ulva flexuosa, forms of AgNPs. The A. nauplii and adult were exposed to additive serial concentration of biosynthetic and chemical AgNPs. Mortality in each group at the times of 12, 24, 36 and 48 h after exposure to AgNPs were recorded and analyzed via Probit software. The toxicity of these two types of AgNPs on A. nauplii and adult increased in a dose-dependent manner, but also their toxicity increased along with duration of exposure time. The toxicity of nanoparticles were significantly different (P<0.05). Therefore, after 48 h, the LC50 value of chemical AgNPs in the A. nauplii was 31.8 mg/l, while 48 h LC50 for biosynthesis AgNPs was 366.96 mg/l. While the concentration of the chemical AgNPs have assessed in adults artemia during exposure was 47 mg/l and for biosynthesis form of AgNPs was 240 mg/l. The chemical form of AgNPs was more toxic potential than a biosynthetic form of its. The sensitivity of A. nauplii to chemical AgNPs was more than to mature stage, but compared to biosynthesis form was less than adult. This research could be pioneer to the development of biocompatible functionality of nanoparticles with eco-management objectives. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
53 - Effects of Fe2o3 and Co2o3 nanoparticles on Organisms in Freshwater
Leila Farsi Mojgan Khodadadi Sima Sabzalipour Nemaat Jaafarzadeh Haghighi Fard Farid Jamali-Sheini -
Open Access Article
54 - Effects of seaweed extract Sargassumboveanum on physiological characteristics of Menthapiperita
hanieh Hedayatifard mansoureh KhalatbariThis research was accomplished in 2016 at greenhouse for study of different concentration effects of seaweed (Sargassum) extract on qualitative and quantitative characteristics of Menthapiperita. Present research was done in a factorial design with a completely randomiz MoreThis research was accomplished in 2016 at greenhouse for study of different concentration effects of seaweed (Sargassum) extract on qualitative and quantitative characteristics of Menthapiperita. Present research was done in a factorial design with a completely randomized four replications. The main factor was different concentrations of seaweed extract with 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40 percent, while the subplot was different spray time in two period types of every 5 and 10 days. The results showed that the concentration of chlorophyll a in peppermint increased with decreasing the time of foliar application and was not significant at different concentrations of algal extract in 30 and 40% treatments on the studied traits. The effect of different concentrations of sargassum algae extract on plant minerals including nitrogen was positive at a concentration of 20% in 10 days of treatment. Therefore, in order to increase the protein and essential oil of peppermint, the concentrations of sargassum extract in this study can be used. In general, it can be concluded that the use of algae extract in the production of peppermint was not considered appropriate due to reduced growth rate and no positive effect on plant essential oil, and from concentrations of 20% or more as a herbicide can be Used. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
55 - Harvesting Nannochloropsis oculata microalgae by electrocoagulation method using iron, aluminum and graphite electrodes
Meigol TakluMicroalgae harvesting is a two-step process that included the separation of supernatant liquid phase from biomass or solid phase that starts after mass production. The purpose of this research is to collect Nannochloropsis oculata microalgae by electrocoagulation method MoreMicroalgae harvesting is a two-step process that included the separation of supernatant liquid phase from biomass or solid phase that starts after mass production. The purpose of this research is to collect Nannochloropsis oculata microalgae by electrocoagulation method with different electrodes (iron, aluminum and graphite), and their effect on harvesting efficiency, the number of microalgae cells after harvesting and the coagulation rate of microalgae, which was evaluated during 20 minutes. The highest harvesting efficiency was measured in the control and aluminum electrode treatments (P<0.05). The results of this study showed that the electrochemical harvesting of microalgae N. oculata by metallic (iron and aluminum) and non-metallic (graphite) electrodes caused significant changes in the number of cells after harvesting, the amount of ash and the concentration of algae. Aluminum electrode treatment showed the highest algae harvesting efficiency (96.47±0.48%) and the lowest harvesting efficiency was observed in graphite electrode (74.92±1.33%) (P<0.05). Also, the coagulation rate of microalgae Nansoclepis oculata was faster in aluminum treatment (P<0.05). According to the results obtained in this research, electrocoagulation with aluminum electrode is an effective method for coagulation and harvesting of N. oculata microalgae cells. Therefore, it can be used as a suitable method and a profitable alternative in the recovery of biomass and the production of concentrated N. oculata microalgae for various industries such as biodiesel. Manuscript profile
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