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Open Access Article
1 - Strategies for Developing Sports Entrepreneurship Opportunities at The Macro Level
Taghi ashouri Morteza dosti Seyed Mohamad Hosein Razavi Abolhasan HoseiniBackground: In general, studies in the field of entrepreneurship show the strategies of entrepreneurial activities mainly by focusing on the category of opportunity and competitive advantage. For this reason, the dominant thinking in the entrepreneurial literature is en MoreBackground: In general, studies in the field of entrepreneurship show the strategies of entrepreneurial activities mainly by focusing on the category of opportunity and competitive advantage. For this reason, the dominant thinking in the entrepreneurial literature is entrepreneurial opportunity and the essence of strategic entrepreneurship is entrepreneurial opportunities it show. investigating approach for the development of sports entrepreneurship opportunities in a macro level. Methodology: The present study is a mixed method with semi-structured interviews to reach theoretical saturation and consensus in the qualitative section: 40 academic experts in entrepreneurship and sports management participated with purposive theoretical sampling. In the quantitative section: 164 sports entrepreneurs and postgraduate students of sports management were selected by random sampling. The research tools were semi-structured interviews and researcher-made interviews to determine the categories and model fit. Data analysis was performed using the partial least squares method with the analysis of variance-based statistical software "Smart PLS (3). Results: The model at the macro level: with 5 categories (economic, social, legal, political and cultural), respectively, were identified and ranked and the relationship between categories with the macro level structure is positive and significant (T ≤ 2.58) and the model (GOF = 0.727) was evaluated as strong. Conclusion: Based on the interview conducted in the qualitative section, strategies for developing entrepreneurial opportunities with a macro-level approach have been reported in five categories: economic, social, legal, political and cultural. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - the policy of entrepreneurial opportunities in the tourism industry of East Azerbaijan province
Ruhollāh Mahdiluy Soleyman Iranzadeh Farzin Modarres khiyabani Naser FeghhiObjective: The purpose of this study was to design a model for identifying entrepreneurial opportunities in the tourism industry of East Azerbaijan province in order to develop the entrepreneurial policy.Methods: The research method was from the point of view of practic MoreObjective: The purpose of this study was to design a model for identifying entrepreneurial opportunities in the tourism industry of East Azerbaijan province in order to develop the entrepreneurial policy.Methods: The research method was from the point of view of practical-developmental goal and from the point of view of the method of mixed method,. The main data collection tool in this section was interview. In this section, a group of experts is used for interviews. Sampling in this section is done theoretically and sampling is continued until the theoretical saturation is reached. In the quantitative part, based on confirmatory factor analysis, the validation of the main themes has been done through sub-themes based on experimental data. In the second step, the quantitative part, based on the main themes, the structural-interpretive modeling (ISM) method has been used to design a pattern for identifying entrepreneurial opportunities in the tourism industry. The data collection tool in this section was a questionnaire. The statistical population of this section includes all managers of industries related to the tourism industry. The statistical sample size was determined using the Krejcie-Morgan table of 234 people. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Assessment of Technical Efficiency of Comprehensive Health Services Centers of Hamadan by Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) in 2019
aslani aslani farzaneh aslaniIntroduction: Organizations are not able to develop the effectiveness of their collective wisdom without the voluntary willingness of individuals to cooperate. The purpose of this research was to investigate the impact of hospital social responsibility on organizational MoreIntroduction: Organizations are not able to develop the effectiveness of their collective wisdom without the voluntary willingness of individuals to cooperate. The purpose of this research was to investigate the impact of hospital social responsibility on organizational citizenship behavior with the mediating role of identifying organizational opportunities and environmental performance. Methods: The research method is descriptive-survey. The statistical population of this research was made up of managers and experts of a public hospital in Isfahan city (300 people), and some of them (164 people) were studied by simple random sampling method. The tool of data collection was a questionnaire, and the validity of the structure was examined through the professors and its reliability was examined by Cronbach's alpha test. Analysis of research data was done through structural equation modeling using SPSS and PLS software. Results: Based on the obtained results, the measurement indices of each of the scales used at the 5% confidence level were greater than 1.96, which indicates that the observed correlations are significant. Conclusion: Therefore, according to the findings, it is suggested that in order to gain the trust of the human force and strengthen the spirit of risk-taking, the managers should seek to reduce the factors that cause nervous pressure and reduce formal and completely political behavior to the lowest possible level. Accept differences of opinion easily in the organization. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Designing a model for explaining the components of tendency to social networks with metacombination method
gholamreza tajbakhsh amin godarzi mohamad samianinConsidering the widespread presence of social networks and mobile phone software in families and the increasing use of this by family members, this research article aims to design a model to explain the components of the tendency to social networks. Is. The study popula MoreConsidering the widespread presence of social networks and mobile phone software in families and the increasing use of this by family members, this research article aims to design a model to explain the components of the tendency to social networks. Is. The study population of the research includes all the articles related to the research topic. In order to carry out the research, after designing the research questions, a systematic search was conducted based on relevant keywords, social networks, internet, virtual space from databases that include all valid domestic scientific-research publications from 1388 to 1396. There have been. The results of the review of 36 articles out of 72 primary articles of the researchers identified 8 dimensions as the main dimensions of the tendency towards social networks, which were mentioned in various domestic researches in the years 2018 to the end of 2016; have identified Based on these dimensions, the final integrated model has been presented and validated. This article, by identifying all the dimensions of the trend towards social networks in the available sources from 1388 to the end of 1396, can be used as a basis for identifying the causes of the trend towards social networks in Iran for researchers and other groups, such as the program Rizan and government administrators should be placed for community education. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Identification of Entreprenual Oppurtunities of the High Buildings Industriy in Tehran City
آیت اله ممیز حسن کمالو سیده عاطفه قاسمیIntroduction and Objective: Rapid and uncontrolled growth of population in major cities, and consequently the needs to large-scale housing, on the one hand and preventing the spread of the cities horizontal landscape, on the other hand, made the high-rise building const MoreIntroduction and Objective: Rapid and uncontrolled growth of population in major cities, and consequently the needs to large-scale housing, on the one hand and preventing the spread of the cities horizontal landscape, on the other hand, made the high-rise building construction as an essential solution to the land problem. Hence understanding the available opportunities in the construction industry, particularly in high-rise building construction could cause identifying favorable opportunities to develop entrepreneurial in upstream and downstream industries of high-rise building construction. This study seeks to answer the question of what entrepreneurial opportunities are in high-rise building construction industry, in the city of Tehran. Methods: This study used research methods of combination techniques and Morrison recitatif analysis.In the qualitative part, 20 experts were interviewed and focus group meetings were held. In the quantitative part, inorder to identify entrepreneurial opportunities in the the high-rise building construction industry in the city of Tehran, a questionnaire based on Ulwick model with two measures of "satisfaction" and "significance" was designed. After approval of relevant experts in the field, the questionnaires were distributed among industry participants and then collected. Findings: After approval of relevant experts in the field, the questionnaires were distributed among industry participants and then collected. the end, the results shows that entrepreneurial opportunities lies in "providing technical trainings for technicians and workers" , "providing professional trainings for senior-level project management and construction" , " Identifying and recommending the intelligent building management systems to industry participants" , "providing professional training for the operation and management of buildings", and " Development of business-oriented research and development (R&Ds) and introducing new specific technologies and equipments to high-rise building construction industry. Conclusions: The results show an increase in demand in the construction industry in today's society and the tendency of consumers to use the service, one of the sources of entrepreneurial opportunities are identified and Service. Each of these opportunities can lead to the development of many businesses. This employment staffing specialists, technicians, workers have contributed and ultimately will lead to economic growth. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Human Security and Challenges to the Development of Renewable Energies in Iran, with Emphasis on Environmental Security
Seyed Masoud Mousavi shafaee Younes Noorollahi Ahad Rezayan Ghayahbashi Hossein Yousefi Ali Hossein RezayanBackground and Objective: Environmental security, as one of the seven dimensions of human security, has a close connection with the way of using energy resources. Energy management has an important role in achieving the sustainable development by reducing environmental MoreBackground and Objective: Environmental security, as one of the seven dimensions of human security, has a close connection with the way of using energy resources. Energy management has an important role in achieving the sustainable development by reducing environmental pollution. Sustainable development would be impossible without environmental security. In other words, energy has a direct connection with security and development. Energy specialists and planners in the world believe that renewable energies should play a much prominent role in providing human energy requirement and reducing environmental pollution. Discussing future problems and developing appropriate strategies and policies can have a key role in developing renewable energies to supply some parts of energy requirement in the country. Method: The aim of this study is to discuss the benefits and opportunities for developing renewable energies in Iran based on assessment of the factors involved in related organizations, through studying the importance and developed position of renewable energy resources in Iran and the world. Some benefits of developing renewable energies include: reliable and clean energy resource, power generation with a stable price, diversification of power resources in the country to be able to do more export, power supply of electricity generation with the less ancillary costs, reaching the aims of the 4th and the 5th National Development Plan and also the potential for economic development, with emphasis on technology development and new jobs creation. in this paper, by reviewing the existing laws and policies on new energies, the necessity of sound policies for development of renewable energies in national energy plans in line with ensuring human and environmental security, with emphasis on challenges to development of renewable energies in Iran have been investigated. Results: The results show that developing renewable energies in the world faces economical, technical, administrative and legal challenges which cause delay in development of these energies. Besides all these international barriers, development of renewable energies in Iran faces other national and local problems. Some of the major obstacles to the development of renewable energy resources in Iran includes: lack of plans and documented policies for development, lack of national and local laws concerning renewable energies, lack of knowledge about the function of these sources of energy among national planners and managers, weaknesses in human resources management as well as technology transfer barriers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Investigating the mediating role of growth opportunities on the relationship between managers' overconfidence and investment efficiency
Afshin shalchi Zadollah Fathi Hossein ShafieiAbstractThe purpose of this study is to investigate the mediating role of growth opportunities on the relationship between managers' overconfidence and investment efficiency. Given that investing is the process of making a decision that managers use to identify projects MoreAbstractThe purpose of this study is to investigate the mediating role of growth opportunities on the relationship between managers' overconfidence and investment efficiency. Given that investing is the process of making a decision that managers use to identify projects that add value to the company, managers' mental states, including those of managers' overconfidence, play a significant role in selecting investment projects. On the other hand, managers' over-confident influence on investment efficiency can be indirectly influenced by growth opportunities. This research is causal, post-event and applied. To conduct this research, a sample of 156 companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange during the period 2009-2018 was selected. Based on the combined data method and multivariate linear logistic regression analysis, the research findings showed that managers' overconfidence leads to increase / decrease of over / under investment. Also, according to Baron & Kenny (1986), managers' trust is influenced not only directly but also indirectly by growth opportunities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Investigation Institutional Investors Effect on Company Value Based on Managers Opportunities Behavior
Hamidreza Vakilifard Foad GhaderiThis paper examines the institutional investors effect on Company Value Based profit management perspective. The paper result show that companies group in growth will significantly to profit management.This paper examines the institutional investors effect on Company Value Based profit management perspective. The paper result show that companies group in growth will significantly to profit management. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Role of Investment Opportunities Set (IOS) in Companies Financing Policy
Mahdi Gholipour Khaneghah Shahin RamtinniaIn this paper, the evidence of contract theory regarding the effect of investment opportunities on financing policies is provided using 10125 data collected from 225 companies with non-financial nature and non-negative equity which were active from 2011 to 2015 in the f MoreIn this paper, the evidence of contract theory regarding the effect of investment opportunities on financing policies is provided using 10125 data collected from 225 companies with non-financial nature and non-negative equity which were active from 2011 to 2015 in the firms list of the Tehran Stock Exchange. In order to achieve reliable results and avoid the consequences of limited periods of time, regression of the integrated data was used as the statistical model. The ratio of properties market to book value, the ratio of stock market to book value, the inverse ratio of price to income, and the criterion derived from factor analysis were used to quantify the concept of investment opportunities and their real options. Financing policy was extracted using the ratio of market value of debts to equities. The results showed that after controlling the effects of companies’ size and their profitability, a significant inverse relationship existed between investment opportunities and development and use of debt in the structure of capital of the surveyed companies. The obtained results are compatible with theoretical explanations in the theory of investment opportunities and contracts between stakeholders in the studied companies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - جاده ابریشم فرصتی نوین برای رونق گردشگری ایران
ندا ترابی فارسانی محمد تقی طغرایی مریم دانشور وثوقی محمدعلی رجایی -
Open Access Article
11 - پیشگیری از جرم از طریق طراحی محیطی (مطالعه موردی: زنجان)
غلامحسن حیدری بهمن کارگر سیده سمیه منافی میترا خراسانیان -
Open Access Article
12 - فرصتهای ژئوپلیتیکی در روابط سیاست خارجی جمهوری اسلامی ایران و کشورهای خاورمیانه (مطالعه موردی کشور عراق از 2010 -2017)
محمد اخباری -
Open Access Article
13 - بررسی چالشها و فرصتهای فراروی ایران در حوزه خزر
عبدالرضا فرجی راد مسعود حقیقت پناه -
Open Access Article
14 - Investigating the oppertunities and threats, strengths and weaknesses of using smart innovations (case study: Isfahan highschool teachers)
Eshrat Zamani Ali Ghasempour Reza Homaei Setareh MousaviThe recent research was done to consider oppertunities and threats, strengths and weaknesses of using smart innovations (case study: Isfahan highschool teachers). The population included all the highschool teachers in fifth regions (N= 2608) in 2010-2011. 355 people wer MoreThe recent research was done to consider oppertunities and threats, strengths and weaknesses of using smart innovations (case study: Isfahan highschool teachers). The population included all the highschool teachers in fifth regions (N= 2608) in 2010-2011. 355 people were selected by using Morgan table and relative stratifid sampling.The used instruments were included the interview and demographic questionnaire. the findings was analyzed by using Spss. The findings showed that when new thechnology combined with teaching process, teaching could be more effective and satisfying. Also it increased not only professors’ abilities in teaching, but also it made teaching method easier. Finally this article was considered strengths and weaknesses of using smart innovations in teaching from Isfahan highschool teachers, perspectives. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - Organizational processes effective in creating financial corruption
seyyed shahabeddin mostafavinejad Kheirollah Parvin emran naimiFinancial corruption, which creates a class divide and reduces public trust, is one of the problems that various factors have an impact on. In this research, some of the most important organizational processes, including the recruitment process of employees, lack of pre MoreFinancial corruption, which creates a class divide and reduces public trust, is one of the problems that various factors have an impact on. In this research, some of the most important organizational processes, including the recruitment process of employees, lack of prevention of financial corruption, lack of attention to organizational culture, and the weakness of supervisory authorities, have been taken into consideration And the aim is to identify the basis of financial corruption And as a result, she prevented it from happening. The question that can be raised is how organizational processes can lead to financial corruption.? In response to the mentioned question, it was said in a descriptive and analytical way If their requirements are not paid attention to in organizational processes, the creation of financial corruption in executive organizations will be facilitated. In order to eliminate corrupt organizational procedures, it is necessary to pay attention to some points, including: The principle of equal opportunities and consolidation of employment laws in a special law with minimal exceptions, Using legal capacities such as the law on promoting administrative health and combating corruption to prevent financial corruption by eliminating its shortcomings in the field of supporting corruption reporters, Promotion of organizational culture by paying attention to codes of conduct And finally, solving the defects of the selection regulatory bodies and administrative violations In the field of monitoring the selection of all employees on a periodic basis and redesigning the institution of administrative violations and its definition under the presidential legal vice Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - Edible Insects, Challenges and Opportunities
Yahya Ostadi Gholamreza Yavari Mohsen Shokat Fadaei Majid Ahmadian Sohrab Imani5The current major challenge is how to make the world’s population in year 2050 reaches 9 billion saved from hunger? Along with recourse can strain’s. The price of food and protein has also increased and it causes a large number of people every day in the wor MoreThe current major challenge is how to make the world’s population in year 2050 reaches 9 billion saved from hunger? Along with recourse can strain’s. The price of food and protein has also increased and it causes a large number of people every day in the world to fall below the poverty line. Now this question arises to over count the problem of hunger of the earth’s population what the other sources are? Here the use of insect potential as a food and feed for humans and livestock and poultry can be a good solution for solving the global feed crisis and starvation. This research is a brief review of the history of edible insects in Iran and the world, nutritional value of insects, humans of food insects in worldwide and introducing some important species of insects and also challenges and opportunities ahead, and benefits and disadvantages of using insects as food. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - بررسی تاثیر میزان سود تقسیمی سهام بر رشد شرکت از طریق تامین مالی خارجی (با تاکید بر نقش فرصتهای سرمایه گذاری)
یونس بادآور نهندی محمدعلی کاوه نژاد -
Open Access Article
18 - بررسی ارتباط بین فرصتهای سرمایهگذاری و سیاستهای تقسیم سود
دکتر محمدرضا شورورزی راهبه برومند جواد صادقی پناه -
Open Access Article
19 - Designing learning opportunities in educational system
tahmoures aghajani gholamreza azizi jamal sadeghiNew electronic technologies have been influential in the formation of new social and cultural situations. The new situations demand novel educational contexts and methods of educational designs. Education is an important means of spreading and promoting culture. T MoreNew electronic technologies have been influential in the formation of new social and cultural situations. The new situations demand novel educational contexts and methods of educational designs. Education is an important means of spreading and promoting culture. The major part of what students learn about their opportunities is based on what education designers have developed. It should be remembered that there is no incidental learning. What students learn is directly related to the opportunities they are provided with Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - Determining the Strengths of Economic Development Policy in the Islamic Republic of Iran based on the SWOT Model
Yousef Karimi Katayoonche mohamadhasan elahimanesh Ali MohseniThe purpose of this research is to evaluate the economic development policy in the Islamic Republic of Iran based on the SWOT model and to present a favorable model. The main question of the research is what are the strengths of economic development policy in the Islami MoreThe purpose of this research is to evaluate the economic development policy in the Islamic Republic of Iran based on the SWOT model and to present a favorable model. The main question of the research is what are the strengths of economic development policy in the Islamic Republic of Iran? Accordingly, the main hypothesis of the research is that according to the swot model, economic development policy has many strengths. After analyzing the research findings and according to the numbers obtained from the fourth chapter matrix and the scores of strategy attractiveness, the priorities of strategy implementation can be categorized based on environmental and internal factors. The results showed that establishing economic ties with neighboring countries that have strong monetary potentials, prioritizing neighboring countries, focusing on achieving all areas, and accessing to modern technology in the West Asian region are considered as the strategic advantages of Iran’s economic development policies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - Developing a Native Model for Recognizing and Exploiting Entrepreneurial Opportunities in the field of e-commerce
Mohsen Varzeshkar Morteza Mousakhani Ali Davari Kambiz HeydarzadehThe concept of opportunities and factors influencing the identification and exploitation of entrepreneurial opportunities is one of the central aspects of the subject matter of entrepreneurship as an interdisciplinary scientific domain. Awareness of effective factors an MoreThe concept of opportunities and factors influencing the identification and exploitation of entrepreneurial opportunities is one of the central aspects of the subject matter of entrepreneurship as an interdisciplinary scientific domain. Awareness of effective factors and methods of identifying entrepreneurial opportunities as a first step in the entrepreneurial process has a decisive role in choosing profitable opportunities and avoiding failures in the entrepreneurial process. Despite studies on this subject, however, due to its impact on environmental variables and indigenous conditions, ambiguities can be identified in this regard. Considering the need of many potential entrepreneurs to identify effective factors as well as understanding how to identify and exploit opportunities, this study aims to provide a native model that meets the ecosystem conditions of Iran to identify and exploit opportunities. In order to achieve the main and the secondary goals of the research, as well as the response to the research, the mixed method research has been used. So that at the first step, the qualitative method and deep interviews tools used for the generation of the model, and in the second step, the quantitative method and questionnaire tool is used to collect information from companies active in the field of e-commerce in order to validate the model. In This research, online retail is selected as the subject of study and its achievements in these types of businesses and in the context of Iran can be analyzed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - The Impact of new Venture Strategies on Diagnose Entrepreneurial Opportunities in Entrepreneur Firms
Seyed Mahdi Alvin Davood Hosseinpour Hamed Ganjizadeh MoradLoThis study with aim of the effect of new venture strategy on diagnosis entrepreneurial opportunities in parand entrepreneurial companies writen. This study is, functional and quantitative approach and the method of data collection, correlation. The study population will MoreThis study with aim of the effect of new venture strategy on diagnosis entrepreneurial opportunities in parand entrepreneurial companies writen. This study is, functional and quantitative approach and the method of data collection, correlation. The study population will all managers in the industrial township of Tehran Province (197 ceo) are the estimated number (125-CEO) to randomly selected and studied. The Data through software Smartpls and Spss analyzed. The results showed a positive and significant impact of new venture strategy is to diagnosis entrepreneurial opportunities in entrepreneurial companies and mean variables in the study population have been evaluated at an acceptable level. The effect of three components of the independent variable (product innovation, market breadth and marketing alliance strategy) on the dependent variable (diagnosis of entrepreneurial opportunities) factors of differentiation of marketing approval but was rejected. The dimensions are impressive, the market breadth has been more effective than others. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - Investigating the social factors associated with women's social deprivation (Case study of women in Urmia)
Maryam Seyyedzadeh Seyed Mohammad Sadegh Mahdavi Mostafa AzkiaSocial deprivation is a fact that some people are significantly more exposed to than others. Women's groups, meanwhile, are the ones most severely affected by social exclusion. Accordingly, this study examines the sociological deprivation of women in the city of Urmia a MoreSocial deprivation is a fact that some people are significantly more exposed to than others. Women's groups, meanwhile, are the ones most severely affected by social exclusion. Accordingly, this study examines the sociological deprivation of women in the city of Urmia and its related social factors. The theoretical framework of the research is the theories of Narayan, Bourdieu, Petrick, Giddens and Dahrendorf. This research is a cross-sectional survey in terms of control of research conditions, cross-sectional, expansive, and time-based. The community was studied by women in Urmia, and 430 people were questioned by sampling the possible quotas. The findings show that social deprivation has a negative and significant relationship with each of the variables of equal opportunities, participation, skill, decision-making power, social capital, social economic base and social network(p<0/001). Multiple regression was used to explain the dependent variable, and all variables remained in the regression model and had a significant effect on the dependent variable. The coefficient of determination indicates that about 38% of the variance of women's social deprivation is explained by the independent variables in the regression equation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - توسعه، تولید و فرآوری گیاهان دارویی در ایران
علیرضا کرباسی امید یخکشی حسین روحانی حسین امامی -
Open Access Article
25 - Iranian EFL High School Teachers' Perceptions of Virtual Learning System Opportunities, Challenges and Threats
Seyyed Jaffar Rafiee Parviz Alavinia Mehdi Sarkhosh -
Open Access Article
26 - The Relationship between the Financial Statements Comparability and Company Growth Opportunities Regarding the Mediating Role of Financial Constraints and Financial Reporting Quality
Younes Badavar Nahandi Mohammadreza Abbasi Astamal Zeinab Omarpour MesrkanloThis research is practical in terms of purpose, and from the point of view of correlation methodology, it is causal type (post-event). The statistical population of the research is the companies admitted to the Tehran Stock Exchange, and using the systematic elimination MoreThis research is practical in terms of purpose, and from the point of view of correlation methodology, it is causal type (post-event). The statistical population of the research is the companies admitted to the Tehran Stock Exchange, and using the systematic elimination sampling method, 129 companies were selected as the research sample in the 6-year period between 2017 and 2022. The results of the research show that there is a positive relationship between the comparability of financial statements and the company's growth opportunities. Financial constraints play a mediating role in the positive relationship between comparability of financial statements and company growth opportunities. In other words, the comparability of financial statements increases the growth opportunities of the company by helping to reduce financial constraints. The quality of financial reporting plays a mediating role in the positive relationship between the comparability of financial statements and the company's growth opportunities. In other words, the comparability of financial statements increases the company's growth opportunities by helping to increase the quality of financial reporting.company's growth opportunities. In other words, the comparability of financial statements increases the company's growth opportunities by helping to reduce financial constraints. The quality of financial reporting plays a mediating role in the positive relationship between the comparability of financial statements and the company's growth opportunities. In other words, the comparability of financial statements increases the company's growth opportunities by helping to increase the quality of financial reporting. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - A Phenomenological Approach of Virtual Education in the Education System: Opportunities, Challenges and Solutions
Kamyar Azemi yaser garavand hasaan jafariVirtual education refers to an approach to teaching and learning that uses information and communication technologies to communicate and collaborate in an educational environment. The aim of this study was to identify the opportunities and challenges of virtual educatio MoreVirtual education refers to an approach to teaching and learning that uses information and communication technologies to communicate and collaborate in an educational environment. The aim of this study was to identify the opportunities and challenges of virtual education. The research design was qualitative and of the phenomenological approach. The participants included 18 teachers, principals and technology experts working in education in Lorestan province who were selected by purposeful sampling method in the academic year 2020-2021. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and analyzed using Colaizzi''''s method. The accuracy of the data was obtained through the methods of triangulation, peer review and respondent validation. The results showed that 10 main themes and 26 sub-themes were identified. Increasing effectiveness and quality of education, flexibility and expansion of education opportunities, improving interaction and communication, and economic savings were classified as the most important virtual education opportunities. In addition, the key themes of virtual education challenges included issues related to students, teachers, content delivery and quality of education, culture, infrastructure and technology, and social interaction. In general, this study provides a deep understanding of the opportunities and challenges of virtual education in the Iranian education system. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - Iraqi Kurdistan and Islamic Republic of Iran in an Era of interdependence: Opportunities and challenges
Hossein Masoudnia Ali Ebrahimi Mojtaba RezazadehAbstract: Undoubtedly the geopolitical location of Iran and Iraq and their economic, political and cultural ties has intertwined in history and in an era of interdependence one can witness the interactions of the above spheres. One of the regions where has great importa MoreAbstract: Undoubtedly the geopolitical location of Iran and Iraq and their economic, political and cultural ties has intertwined in history and in an era of interdependence one can witness the interactions of the above spheres. One of the regions where has great importance in new Iraq is the autonomous region of Kurdistan. This region has great geopolitical significance and it is necessary to know that what opportunities and challenges it has for the Islamic Republic of Iran. The present article by adopting mutual interdependence as its theoretical framework wants to answer this question as to what potentials and factors Iraqi Kurdistan have to influence Islamic Republic of Iran. The underlying hypothesis is that the relations between Iran and Iraqi Kurdistan in issues like culture, terrorism and regional security, economic activities and the issue of energy can create opportunities and challenges for Islamic Republic of Iran. The present article by a qualitative method and descriptive-analytical approach deals with the problem. The finding of the study shows that the right understanding of the importance and place of Iraqi Kurdistan can help to achieve Iran's interests and contain the threats from the latter. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
29 - Examining the opportunities and Threats of the European Union presence in the Central Asian region
zahra akbari hadis bagheriniaThe end of the Cold War marked the beginning of a new era for the European Union in Central Asia the ,, law and respect for human rights. The present study, based on the SOWT model and using descriptive-analytical methods, examines the opportunities and threats of the E MoreThe end of the Cold War marked the beginning of a new era for the European Union in Central Asia the ,, law and respect for human rights. The present study, based on the SOWT model and using descriptive-analytical methods, examines the opportunities and threats of the European Union in the Central Asian region. The main question of this research is what opportunities and threats does the EU's presence in Central Asia pose to this EU? According to this question, the two-part hypothesis of the research is: A) Opportunity: Central Asia's need for investment at various levels and high capacities of the European Union will lead to the presence of this union in the region and the achievement of its political and economic goals; B) Threat: The EU's overemphasis on liberal goals and the promotion of democracy and human rights in Central Asia will fail the EU to achieve its goals. The results of the study show that on the one hand, the EU's great attention to European values and on the other hand, the lack of unity on human rights issues in the EU have led to threats for the EU. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
30 - جاده ابریشم فرصتی نوین برای رونق گردشگری ایران
ندا ترابی فارسانی محمد تقی طغرایی مریم دانشور وثوقی محمدعلی رجایی -
Open Access Article
31 - پیشگیری از جرم از طریق طراحی محیطی (مطالعه موردی: زنجان)
غلامحسن حیدری بهمن کارگر سیده سمیه منافی میترا خراسانیان -
Open Access Article
32 - فرصتهای ژئوپلیتیکی در روابط سیاست خارجی جمهوری اسلامی ایران و کشورهای خاورمیانه (مطالعه موردی کشور عراق از 2010 -2017)
محمد اخباری -
Open Access Article
33 - بررسی چالشها و فرصتهای فراروی ایران در حوزه خزر
عبدالرضا فرجی راد مسعود حقیقت پناه -
Open Access Article
34 - تأثیر ابعاد تغییر اقلیم برتشخیص فرصتهای کارآفرینی در بخش کشاورزی
مژگان خوش مرام نعمت اله شیری مسلم سواریتغییر اقلیم یکی از مهم­ترین چالش­های قرن جاری به شمار می­رود که بخش کشاورزی را بیش از سایر بخش­ها تحت تأثیر قرار می­دهد، اما کشاورزِ کارآفرین تغییرات و چالش­های محیطی را همچون یک فرصت می­بیند. در این راستا، پژوهش حاضر با هدف واکاوی اثرات ابعا Moreتغییر اقلیم یکی از مهم­ترین چالش­های قرن جاری به شمار می­رود که بخش کشاورزی را بیش از سایر بخش­ها تحت تأثیر قرار می­دهد، اما کشاورزِ کارآفرین تغییرات و چالش­های محیطی را همچون یک فرصت می­بیند. در این راستا، پژوهش حاضر با هدف واکاوی اثرات ابعاد تغییر اقلیم بر تشخیص فرصت­های کارآفرینی در بخش کشاورزی استان کرمانشاه انجام شد. جامعۀ آماری پژوهش شامل کلیۀ کارآفرینان بخش کشاورزی استان کرمانشاه بود که به روش تصادفی ساده تعداد 102 نفر از آن برای انجام پژوهش انتخاب شدند. ابزار اصلی گردآوری داده­ها، پرسشنامۀ محقق ساخته­ای بود که روایی و پایایی آن با استفاده از پانل متخصصان و ضریب آلفای کرونباخ و کودر- ریچاردسون به تأیید رسید. نتایج پژوهش نشان داد که کارآفرینان مورد مطالعه، فرصت­های کارآفرینی موجود در بخش کشاورزی را به درستی و موفقیت­آمیز شناسایی نموده­اند؛ چرا که در سطح بالایی امکان­پذیری، تناسب و مطلوبیت آن را مورد بررسی قرار داده­ بودند. افزون بر این، یافته­های پژوهش بیانگر آن بود که بیش از نیمی از پاسخگویان، تغییرات اقلیم را در سطح بالایی درک کرده و در راه­اندازی کسب و کارهای خود لحاظ نموده بودند. نتایج حاصل از تحلیل رگرسیون حاکی از آن بود که ابعاد تغییرات اقلیم (خشکسالی، گردوغبار، افزایش دما) قادر به تبیین 41 درصد از تغییرات واریانس تشخیص فرصت­های کارآفرینی در بخش کشاورزی استان کرمانشاه بودند. یافته­های این پژوهش می­تواند به سیاستگذاران، برنامه­ریزان و مدیران در جهت ارتقای قابلیت تشخیص فرصت در میان کشاورزان به منظور تبدیل تهدیدهای محیطی به فرصت­های کارآفرینی کمک کند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
35 - Identify the opportunities and challenges of blockchain technology in industrial business economics
mohammad ali hassani ashraf shahmansoury ghasemali BazaeeToday, the blockchain, Due to its emphasis on security and trust, the demand for blockchain applications in various business sectors has increased. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to identify the economic opportunities and challenges of businesses based on block MoreToday, the blockchain, Due to its emphasis on security and trust, the demand for blockchain applications in various business sectors has increased. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to identify the economic opportunities and challenges of businesses based on blockchain technology. In this research, the mixed method (qualitative / quantitative) was used. Phenomenology was used in the qualitative part and structural equations were used in the quantitative part. Qualitative participants Twelve technology experts were purposefully selected for in-depth interviews. Data analysis using open and centralized coding. In the quantitative section, 232 IT specialists were selected by simple random sampling. Their opinions were collected using a questionnaire and analyzed by variance-based structural equations. The results show that the emphasis of experts on the economic opportunities of businesses includes: digital transformation (transparency, reduction of errors and fraud, elimination of intermediaries and non-elimination and manipulation of data), innovation (startups, smart tracking and business flexibility) And competitive advantage (participation in decision making, building trust and decentralization). Emerging, acceleration, conflict of interest, GDRP privacy, interoperability, extensive changes, disregard for rules and regulations are also the most important challenges of this technology. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
36 - Habitat Classification of Hormuz Island Based on Surface Geological Structure
Nabiallah Kheirabadi Z. AnsariThis study was conducted to introduce and classify the costal habitats of Hormuz Island. In the initial survey, the natural and anthropogenic features of the coastline were recorded by GPS and then seven stations were designated. The results showed that the coast line i MoreThis study was conducted to introduce and classify the costal habitats of Hormuz Island. In the initial survey, the natural and anthropogenic features of the coastline were recorded by GPS and then seven stations were designated. The results showed that the coast line is divided into three main geological substrate types: rocky-sandy (52%) with total of 19.76 km length of coastline, rocky and muddy, with 40% (15.2 Km) and 8% (3.04 Km) of total coast line, respectively. Furthermore, all the coastline’s and station’s geomorphologies were surveyed independently and 20 different coastline habitats were identified. The results also showed that, Hormuz Island shoreline is divided into north and south major substrates because of sedimentation activities. The main hard substrate is located in the south coasts and the main soft substrate is located in the north. Shoreline habitat’s opportunities and threats were investigated and the results indicated that, the sensitive coastline habitats in this island require management, control and biological assessments under a purposeful management plan. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
37 - نقش تصمیمات سیاسی در ایجاد نابرابریهای ناحیهای در جنوبشرق ایران ( کرمان، سیستانوبلوچستان)
غلامحسن حیدری زکیه آفتابی -
Open Access Article
38 - خلاقیت مدیران بازرگانی و میزان فروش سازمان
وحیدرضا میرابی علی کبیر -
Open Access Article
39 - تأثیر سیاستهای تقسیم سود سهام بر تصمیمات سرمایهگذاری با تأکید بر کیفیت گزارشگری مالی
رقیه رنگزن مقدم زهرا لشگری -
Open Access Article
40 - The Relevance between Accounting Variables and Stock Return Based on the Stock Returns Model of Zhang
Mohsen Dastgir Neda Taji Rahman SaediIn this research we investigate the relationship between the accounting variables and stock returns based on the equity value model of Zhang. The aim of the paper is to show that stock returns is a function of earning yield, equity capital investment, changes in profita MoreIn this research we investigate the relationship between the accounting variables and stock returns based on the equity value model of Zhang. The aim of the paper is to show that stock returns is a function of earning yield, equity capital investment, changes in profitability, growth opportunities and discount rates. Based on the literature review five hypotheses has been considered and analyzed by simple and multiple regression methods during 2001-2010 in Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE). Empirical results do not confirm the predicted roles of all identified factors. Only there is a direct relation between earning yield and stock returns also there is an inverse relation between changes in discount rates and stock returns. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
41 - تأثیر فرصت رشد بر اهرم مالی
مریم دولو فاطمه بسطامی -
Open Access Article
42 - رابطه سود تقسیمی با فرصتهای رشد و هزینه نمایندگی
حسین اعتمادی محمد اسمعیلی کجانی -
Open Access Article
43 - The Relationship between the Product Market Competition and Information Asymmetry; Structural Equation Modeling Approach
اکبر کنعانی رضوان حجازی مهرداد قنبری بابک جمشیدی نویدSince competition in the product market is one of the factors influencing the decisions of managers and investors, it is therefore considered as an important component in the reduction of information asymmetry in terms of insiders and outsiders decision making.The purpo MoreSince competition in the product market is one of the factors influencing the decisions of managers and investors, it is therefore considered as an important component in the reduction of information asymmetry in terms of insiders and outsiders decision making.The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of competition in product market on information asymmetry.The statistical population of this research is the companies accepted in the TSE by using structural equation modeling approach. In order to measure the level of competition, the Herfindahl-Hirschman index and to measure the information asymmetry, Bid-Ask criteria and firm size, earning forecast error and growth opportunities was used. After assuring the ability to measure the information asymmetry variable by the indicated indicators as well as the appropriate fit for the measurement and structural model of the research, the results indicate that the level of competition in the product market has a significant effect on the information asymmetry. In other words, with increasing competition in the product market, information asymmetry decreases. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
44 - Dividends and growth opportunities related variables impact on the quality of financial reporting and the volatility of stock returns
فرزانه Heydarpur سمیه ZarerafieThe Effects of Dividend Variables and Growth Opportunities on The Relationship between Financial Reporting Quality and The Stock Return Volatility Farzaneh Heidarpoor Somayeh Zare Rafiee (Received: 19/Apr/2014; Accepted: 21/Jun/2014) Abstract This paper aims to the effe MoreThe Effects of Dividend Variables and Growth Opportunities on The Relationship between Financial Reporting Quality and The Stock Return Volatility Farzaneh Heidarpoor Somayeh Zare Rafiee (Received: 19/Apr/2014; Accepted: 21/Jun/2014) Abstract This paper aims to the effect of Growth opportunities and dividend policies on the relationship between financial reporting quality and return on stock volatility of Listed Companies in Tehran Stock Exchange. The the population is listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange. The sample that achieved based on Screening method included 84 companies. The results of the test research hypotheses using panel data suggest that there is negative relationship between return volatility and financial reporting quality so that, with the increasing financial reporting quality, return volatility is decreased and risk. The finding of this study also confirms that growth opportunities have direct effect on financial reporting quality and return volatility and its increasing enhances the relationship between financial reporting quality and the company's stock return volatility. However, the results show that dividend policy has no significant effect on relationship between financial reporting quality and return volatility. Key Words: Financial Reporting Quality, Return Volatility, Dividend Policy, Growth Opportunities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
45 - فرصتهای فضای مجازی برای تعامل اجتماعی زنان ایرانی (از دید زنان فعال در فضای مجازی)
amirmasood amirmzaheri azam iranshahi -
Open Access Article
46 - Examining the opportunities and challenges of virtual education on the individual and society in universities with a hybrid approach
maryam afkhami Mohammad Abbas Zadeh mehran samadi javad alipurSince the end of 2018, due to the spread of the Corona pandemic, virtual education, which had started years before that, spread to all universities and educational centers and became widespread, and as a result, researches about it also expanded and various researches o MoreSince the end of 2018, due to the spread of the Corona pandemic, virtual education, which had started years before that, spread to all universities and educational centers and became widespread, and as a result, researches about it also expanded and various researches on various topics about Identification of efficiency and effectiveness, advantages and disadvantages, etc. regarding virtual education was published. Based on this, the aim of this article is to examine the opportunities and challenges of virtual education in universities with a hybrid approach. Based on this, after reviewing numerous articles from various domestic scientific databases, among 194 researches in this field, 19 articles were selected as final sources for review, analysis, interpretation and classification. Based on the results of the current research, the opportunities and challenges of virtual education were categorized and divided into six components, which include: individual, family, university, technical and infrastructure. virtual education, opportunities, challenges, electronic education, Individual and society. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
47 - Multicultural Teaching Analysis of University lecturers: Opportunities and Challenges
Parvaneh Kahrizi Batool Faqih Aram Alireza Sadeghi Amirhosain Mehdizadeh Hasan ShabaniThe most important educational process of the higher education system is teaching, which has the ability to dynamize the mental and functional dynamics of students of any ethnicity and culture. University lecturers will be able to guide educational disciplines in the pa MoreThe most important educational process of the higher education system is teaching, which has the ability to dynamize the mental and functional dynamics of students of any ethnicity and culture. University lecturers will be able to guide educational disciplines in the path of excellence and purpose by surrounding all the heritage left by Iranian ethnic groups. The aim of this study was to analyze the opportunities and challenges facing the multicultural teaching of university lecturers. The present study is qualitative and has been conducted in Islamic Azad University of Kermanshah province. The study population included curriculum specialists, educational psychologists, sociologists and lecturers who were selected using a snowball sampling method of 27 people. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data. Data analysis method was performed using grounded theory coding method (three methods of open, axial and selective coding).The findings indicated that cognition and awareness, behavioral performance, educational performance as well as teaching performance, content and educational policies are the opportunities and challenges of multicultural teaching from the perspective of lecturers of free universities in Kermanshah province, respectively.Considering the existing challenges for multicultural teaching, it is possible to make optimal use of the existing opportunities, the teaching environment of the studied universities to be multicultural and to strengthen the academic performance of students from different ethnic groups and to guide them in a purposeful way. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
48 - Selecting the optimal model for impact of external financing variables on voluntary discretionary accruals in companies with high and low investment opportunities
Omid Sabaghiyan Toosi Zahra Moradi Shohreh YazdaniPurpose: This study explaining the effect of external financing on voluntary discretionary accruals in companies with high and low investment opportunities. In this research, the data of 320 companies during the years 2011-2021 have been analyzed using eviews econometri MorePurpose: This study explaining the effect of external financing on voluntary discretionary accruals in companies with high and low investment opportunities. In this research, the data of 320 companies during the years 2011-2021 have been analyzed using eviews econometric software.Methodology: To test the sub-hypotheses using the middle of 4 methods (MEQLDTA), (MB), (EQGMEQLD) and (Growth PPE), the statistical population was classified into two groups of companies with high and low investment opportunities. Then the hypotheses were tested using unstructured estimation and ordinary least squares (OLS) methods and maximum likelihood logarithm (ARMA).Findings: Results of group hypotheses: There is a positive significate relationship between the use of voluntary discretionary accruals and external financing in companies with high investment opportunities, that are separated by MEQLDTA method and there is a negative significate relationship with GROWTHPPE method, but there is a no significate relationship in other methods. Results of group hypotheses: There is a negative significate relationship between the use of voluntary discretionary accruals and external financing in companies with low investment opportunities, that are separated by PPEQGMEQLD method and there is a positive significate relationship with GROWTHPPE method, but there is a no significate relationship in other methods. Based on and D-W coefficients, optimal models were selected in companies with high and low investment opportunities..Originality / Value: To achieve the optimal investment opportunities, it is recommended to pay attention to the company's financing method in high and low investment opportunities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
49 - Effect of Proactive Personality on Job Proactive Behavior of Physical Education Experts of Education Departments with the Mediating Role of Sense of Competence
hadi taghizadeh akram esfahani niya saeed ghorbaniAbstractThe purpose of present research was to study the effect of proactive personality on job proactive behavior of physical education experts of education departments with the mediating role of sense of competence. The research method is a descriptive survey. The pop MoreAbstractThe purpose of present research was to study the effect of proactive personality on job proactive behavior of physical education experts of education departments with the mediating role of sense of competence. The research method is a descriptive survey. The population of study consisted of all physical education experts of the Iranian Education Departments (1141 persons), which according to Cochran formula, 288 participants were selected as sample size by the stratified random sampling method. To gather the research data, questionnaires of Proactive Personality of Bharati et al (2018), Sense of Competence in Job of Van den Broeck et al (2010) and Job Proactive Behavior of Parker et al (2008) were used. Descriptive and inferential statistics methods were used for data analysis. The results of the study indicated that the proactive personality has a positive and significant effect on the physical education experts’ sense of competence in job. Also, the effect of proactive personality on physical education experts’ job proactive behavior was positive and significant. Another part of the research results showed that the effect of sense of competence in job on job proactive behavior is positive and significant. Finally, the results indicated that the effect of proactive personalty on job proactive behavior of physical education experts with the mediating role of sense of competence in job is positive and significant. Based on the results of the research, it could be concluded that proactive personalty can have positive job outcomes such as sense of competence in job and job proactive behavior in physical education experts. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
50 - Longitudinal study of the social progress of Middle East oil countries in the years (2011-2020)
Seyedeh Maliheh Hosseini احسان رحمانی خلیلی Ali BaghaeisarabiThe countries of Iran, Saudi Arabia, Iraq and the United Emirates are among the top oil countries, and according to their billions of oil revenues and similar average investments, they have not had the same social Progress. In this research, the social progress in these MoreThe countries of Iran, Saudi Arabia, Iraq and the United Emirates are among the top oil countries, and according to their billions of oil revenues and similar average investments, they have not had the same social Progress. In this research, the social progress in these countries has been compared with the secondary and descriptive-comparative analysis method. The social progress variable data is extracted from the social progress site. SPSS software was used for data analysis. According to the obtained results, in the variable of social progress and its dimensions (basic needs, welfare foundations and opportunities), the United Emirates, Iran, Saudi Arabia and Iraq were placed in the order of ranking. In terms of opportunities, Iraq is higher than Saudi Arabia, and in 2020 it also surpassed Iran.Compared to other countries, Iran has been ranked higher in the indicators of environmental quality, access to advanced knowledge, shelter, and health, and has been ranked lower in the sub-indices of access to information and communication, individual rights, choice, and individual freedom.Since the biggest weaknesses of Iran are in the dimension of opportunities, it can be improved by reforming and improving cultural laws, as well as the participation of minorities in the country's political issues, and by raising the quality of the index of access to information and communications, as well as following the example of the country of Iraq, which grows in the dimension of opportunities. It has been good to take important steps in the direction of growth, development and social progress. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
51 - Identifying the antecedents and consequences of the predictors of Entrepreneurial opportunities in international companies
Ali Farahani Younos Vakil Alroaia Farideh Haghshenas Kashani Ali FaezAccording to entrepreneurship researchers, opportunity identification plays a very fundamental role in entrepreneurial activities. They believe that entrepreneurship is a way of thinking and acting based on opportunity. Entrepreneurship creates and recreates value for o MoreAccording to entrepreneurship researchers, opportunity identification plays a very fundamental role in entrepreneurial activities. They believe that entrepreneurship is a way of thinking and acting based on opportunity. Entrepreneurship creates and recreates value for owners and beneficiaries, and opportunity is the heart of this process. Although opportunity recognition is considered the main characteristic of entrepreneurs and without it, entrepreneurial activity does not occur, but not all people are able to recognize opportunities, so the purpose of this study is to analyze the antecedents and consequences of factors predicting entrepreneurial opportunities. The research method is applied in terms of purpose, and in terms of data collection, it is a qualitative research based on foundational data theory. Data were collected through the study of documentary sources and semi-structured interviews with 17 managers and experts active in the field of entrepreneurship, through purposeful sampling and snowball using MAXQDA18 software. In the open coding stage, 61 preliminary codes were identified from the analysis of the interviews. In the second step, axial coding was done around the investigated phenomenon. Based on the findings of the research, the antecedents of entrepreneurial opportunities predictors (causal factors) in the form of seven categories of unexpected events, changes based on industry and market structure, scarcity based on methods, contradictory situation, change based on values and cognition, new knowledge and demographic characteristics. took place and the consequences (consequences) of the predictors of entrepreneurial opportunities were determined in two categories: financial and tangible, and non-financial and intangible. Manuscript profile
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