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Open Access Article
1 - Investigation of mystic bewilderment In the book of The Cloud of Unknowing and comparing it with The Conference of the Birds (Manṭiq-uṭ-Ṭayr)
Rouhollah Mousavi Alireza JalaliThe inability of the intellect to reach the essence of transcendence and bewilderment against it, is one of the common concepts of Islamic and Christian mysticism. The Cloud of Unknowing, written by an Christian mystic interprets the path of a mystic as moving towards G MoreThe inability of the intellect to reach the essence of transcendence and bewilderment against it, is one of the common concepts of Islamic and Christian mysticism. The Cloud of Unknowing, written by an Christian mystic interprets the path of a mystic as moving towards God in a cloud of darkness, ignorance, and bewilderment; In this journey, the seeker flies towards the transcendent truth with a sharp arrow of love, placing a cloud of forgetting between himself and the whole universe. The essay deals with the central themes of this book, especially The Cloud of Unknowing and The Cloud of Forgetting, and in order to deepen this analysis, it uses an example of Iranian mysticism, that is, The Conference of the Birds (Manṭiq-uṭ-Ṭayr) by Farid ud-Din Attar. In this way, while trying to understand the perspective of the English mystic, the common point of views between these two prominent mystics is analyzed.Attar considers man's desire to Join God as passing through the burning deserts and valleys and finally reaching the level of bewilderment (hayra), while the Christian mystic, who lived in the rainy Midlands of England, sees this attainment as flying through the clouds of bewilderment, darkness and ignorance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Study of the Consumption of Medicinal Plants of Rangeland Ecosystems and Determination of the Professional Characteristics of these Plants in Isfahan
Mansooreh Ghavam Zeynab SoleimaninejadPlants are one of the first and most accessible sources of treatment. Today, the use of medicinal plants is increasing rapidly. Knowing the taste and approach of communities to taking medicinal plants, as well as paying attention to the views and suggestions of consumer MorePlants are one of the first and most accessible sources of treatment. Today, the use of medicinal plants is increasing rapidly. Knowing the taste and approach of communities to taking medicinal plants, as well as paying attention to the views and suggestions of consumers of medicinal plants, can be a good guide for planners and policy makers of the country's pharmaceutical industry. The demand for medicinal plants is influenced by various cultural and social factors. This research was carried out with the aim of investigating the role of various social factors in the demand of medicinal plants and the impact of rangeland ecosystems on supplying plants in Isfahan. This research was carried out using a survey method. Data from this research was gathered through a questionnaire from 33 selleres of herbal medicine in Isfahan in 2015. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by a panel of experts. Cronbach's alpha coefficient equaled 0.877, which proved the credibility of the questionnaire. The results showed that Echium amoenum (57.6%) was purchased as the largest plant, and psychiatric and psychological disorders (79.2%) were the most common cause of referring people to Isfahan's herbal medicine stores. Also, the most medicinal plants purchased by seller of them, have been from rangeland habitats. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - A Comparative Study of the Phoenix Myth Functions in Attar Neyshabouri's Al-Tair Zone and Adonis Poems
asiyeh behboodi amir esmail azar hamidreza ardestaniAnimals have played a major role in human social life since the formation of human societies. Animals are the most important breeders, helpers and enemies of human beings and human beings have used them in their culture, myths, epics and all literary genres from the pas MoreAnimals have played a major role in human social life since the formation of human societies. Animals are the most important breeders, helpers and enemies of human beings and human beings have used them in their culture, myths, epics and all literary genres from the past to the present. Mythical birds are one of the most important mythological animals and Phoenix is one of the most characteristic mythological birds. Mythical birds are one of the most important mythological animals that have appeared in Persian and Arabic poetry and Phoenix is one of the most characteristic mythological birds that due to the outstanding traits that exist in this bird, has provided many potential interpretive possibilities in Persian and Arabic literature and poetry. Is . The results show that the functions of origin, ashes and birth, phoenix sound and damping are the most important functions of the phoenix myth in Attar Al-Tair area. One of the most important functions of Phoenix in Adonis's poems is to incorporate and transform the myth of Phoenix and give it a social aspect to the personal attitude at the beginning of the path to this myth. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Comparative Analysis on Monotheism from Pir-i Herat’s (Khajeh Abdollah Ansari) and Attar Neishabouri’s Points of Views
Leila Mousavi siavash moradi Hossein ArianMonotheism as the central pillar of Islam was profit Mohammad’s mission and vision statements. If monotheism wouldn’t be the front and center, the other pillars of Islam couldn’t be persuaded. Monotheism is the most important doctrine amongst Muslim my MoreMonotheism as the central pillar of Islam was profit Mohammad’s mission and vision statements. If monotheism wouldn’t be the front and center, the other pillars of Islam couldn’t be persuaded. Monotheism is the most important doctrine amongst Muslim mystics as Joneid Baghdadi,Molana referred to it as a prosperous topic in discussions on related subject matters. Each person has a special attitude towards the category of monotheism and puts himself in a way to reach it. Mental silence and thinking in the horizons and souls from the point of view of mystics is one of the best ways to understand monotheism. Khajeh Abdollah Ansari, one of the most well-known Muslim Sufi saints, had monotheism in all his work and publications. Attar Neishabouri also beautifully brought monotheism and pantheism into his magnificent versified literature. Attar Neishabouri (passed away 618 Hejri Ghamari) was a mystic poet who explicitly and gorgeously teased apart the monotheism in detail. This research intends to conduct a comparative analysis on Attar Neishabouri’s and Khajeh Abdollah Ansari’s literature and poems. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Comparative analysis of mystic themes in Nahj al-Balaghah and Tazkerat al-Awliya
Tahereh Moradzadeh Moghaddam saidmahmod razaghebi Ayyoub koushan syla saratiUndoubtedly, Nahj al-Balaghah, following holy Quran, is the most important Shi’ah book which is the manifestation of love, knowledge, humanity, government, justice, education, rhetoric, etc. Attar Neyshabouri's Tazkirat al-Awliya is about the fate, virtues, words MoreUndoubtedly, Nahj al-Balaghah, following holy Quran, is the most important Shi’ah book which is the manifestation of love, knowledge, humanity, government, justice, education, rhetoric, etc. Attar Neyshabouri's Tazkirat al-Awliya is about the fate, virtues, words and thoughts of ninety-six saints and elders have been mentioned with moral virtues sermons and words, and all its parts are full of the springs wisdom and knowledge and a unique mystical work. A comparative study of these two works undoubtedly reveals important aspects of their differences and similarities for researchers. In the present research, at first it is tried to extract the important mystical, points of the two works, and then to identify common and different themes by examining their similarities and differences, at last to use some verses of the Qur'an and prophetic hadiths as criteria to Analyze them. In this research which was conducted in a descriptive-analytical method, it is tried to work on the main question of the research ie. the similarities and differences between them. The results of this research demonstrate that both of the works originate from Quran and Sunnah, however, the reason of some differences in type of attitude and interpretation. After examining and analyzing the extracted samples, the most important results include superiority of literal aspect of Tazkereh al-Awliya on the educational aspect, The extreme views of some sayings in Tazkereh al-Awliya, the use of literary arrays in it, contradictions in sayings, the expression of dignity and fictional exaggerations, etc. have caused differences in these two works. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Comparative Study of Attar’s “Virtuous Woman” and Boccaccio’s “Thousand and One Night”
Mahboubeh Moslemi ZadehThe present article studies two stories comparatively: “Virtuous Woman” of Attar’s Elahi Nameh – the attempts of a woman who was accused to disloyalty to be honorable and virtuous; thus she was inevitable to move away and became answered invitati MoreThe present article studies two stories comparatively: “Virtuous Woman” of Attar’s Elahi Nameh – the attempts of a woman who was accused to disloyalty to be honorable and virtuous; thus she was inevitable to move away and became answered invitation against the adversity – “thousand and one night” by Boccaccion is a novel about a princess who faces events and accidents during the travel to his husband – Morocco’s king – and had to accept some requests. The aim of this paper is to study two stories – which are from different nations – similarities, the number of events, the travels’ goal, stories’ characters, time, place and the narrators. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - The study and comparison of two cultural symbols: Faust and Sheikh San’an
Gord Afarin Mohammadi Mahdi FamooriThere have always been Features and characters in different cultures and literatures that because of their unique characteristics, they have had the ability for going beyond their dramatic personality and becoming one of the outstanding features in people MoreThere have always been Features and characters in different cultures and literatures that because of their unique characteristics, they have had the ability for going beyond their dramatic personality and becoming one of the outstanding features in people’s mind. These features and characters, in addition to their literary position, have such a popularity, historic presence and inspiring aspects in people’s mind that we can call them “the cultural sculptures” or “the eternal samples of mind” of the society. Faust, The hero of Guteh, and Sheikh San’an, hero of Manteghotteyr, are some of these eternal samples of societies. They are the symbol of power inclined will and, spiritual leader of my stoicism, are two features that in this research are studied and compared. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Philosophical Nostalgia in Abul Ala Ma’arry and Attar Neyshabouri's Poetry
Mehdi Momtahen Moslem Rajabi"Nostalgia" or homesickness is a poet or writer’s same sense of nostalgia, in the absence of the things that are, in the current situation, out of reach for him. Changes and evolution in social and political circumstances is very effective in stimulating this stra More"Nostalgia" or homesickness is a poet or writer’s same sense of nostalgia, in the absence of the things that are, in the current situation, out of reach for him. Changes and evolution in social and political circumstances is very effective in stimulating this strange feeling of nostalgia .One type of nostalgia includes a pessimistic and nihilistic attitude to the universe, and generally, the sadness of death and the mortality of human beings that is interpreted as "philosophical nostalgia". In this paper, by investigating Abul Ala Ma’arry and Attar Neyshabouri’s poetry, death grief, mortality, and their cynical view of the world has been comparatively studies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Mysteries and Secrecies in Suhrawardī’s Works and Attar’s Book of Tragedy
Zahra Khalil Nia Reza Ashraf ZadehThe present research studies symbols of Suhrawardī’s letters in descriptive – comparative method and analyzes the reasons of scarcity in finding the mysteries, similarities and differences with Attar’s Book of Tragedy. Application of mythical, personal MoreThe present research studies symbols of Suhrawardī’s letters in descriptive – comparative method and analyzes the reasons of scarcity in finding the mysteries, similarities and differences with Attar’s Book of Tragedy. Application of mythical, personal, innovative and major symbols increase ambiguity in Suhrawardī’s allegories. He offered mystical – philosophical interpretation out pf mythical symbols and his understanding made his words more difficult and decreases his works’ attractiveness by his theosophical viewpoint. On the other hand applying short stories and forgoing scientific, philosophical and cosmological expressions increase understanding his words’ structure as well as attractiveness. The most important difference between Suhrawardī and Attar is their ideology; in Suhrawardī’s works, inside messenger or nous is the leader while in Attar’s Book of Tragedy, Mohammad – the Prophet – aids the wisdom and is the light of guidance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - A Comparative Study of the Symbol of Spiritual Personality in Fazil Avaz (Sheikh Attar) and John Val John (Victor Hugo)
Majid Vousefi BehzadiThis article surveys the reasons of Victor Hugo's attention to 'raman Literature and tries to clarify the similarity of his thoughts and considerations to those of Attar's based on theme of spirituality. The main message of this article is "Repentance" which leads MoreThis article surveys the reasons of Victor Hugo's attention to 'raman Literature and tries to clarify the similarity of his thoughts and considerations to those of Attar's based on theme of spirituality. The main message of this article is "Repentance" which leads the heroes of Attar and Hugo to spiritual superiority. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - The Structure of Sub-Narratives in the Plot of Khosronameh; Based on the Model of Grimas Actors
Neda Najafi Manouchehr AkbariGrimas (1917) believes that there are six positions, including the sender, the receiver, the actor, the object, the deterrent, and the assisting force, and five positions, including the initial position, the destructive force, the intermediate position, the organizing f MoreGrimas (1917) believes that there are six positions, including the sender, the receiver, the actor, the object, the deterrent, and the assisting force, and five positions, including the initial position, the destructive force, the intermediate position, the organizing force, and the final position in each story. In the poem "Khosronameh", attributed to Attar, which is a lyrical and romantic poem, in addition to the said situations and positions, according to the role of a valuable object (Golrokh), which the main events of the story are created by his presence, except the main narrative, sub-narrative is formed with a plot separate from the main plot; As the multiplicity of characters caused numerous episodes in the story, and this is what adds to the appeal of this work. Accordingly, in this study, we intend to analyze the plot structure and the position of a valuable object in the story of "Khosronameh" based on the model of Grimas actors. The results of the present study, which has been provided in a descriptive-analytical manner using library resources, show that the existence of sub-narratives and plots hidden in the heart of the "Khosronameh" narrative, in addition to creating multiple structural patterns of plot caused suspense and various episodes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - Manifestation of the image of elders in Attar Neyshabouri and Movlavi's Divan according to the American school in comparative literature
Farzaneh Dastmard Massoud Sepahvandi Qasem SahraeiThe old image has a special position in Islamic mysticism. Mystical books have more or less depicted and described the old image and have clearly stated its importance and necessity, among which Sanai's "Hadigah", Attar's "Mantegh Al-Tair", Movlavi's "Masnavi" and Hafez MoreThe old image has a special position in Islamic mysticism. Mystical books have more or less depicted and described the old image and have clearly stated its importance and necessity, among which Sanai's "Hadigah", Attar's "Mantegh Al-Tair", Movlavi's "Masnavi" and Hafez's Divan have a special importance and role. By creating these works, these great men have made a great contribution to understanding the mystical situation of the great poets beyond their mystical teachings and personal experiences. Comparing the appearance of the old in these four works will not be ineffective in clarifying some aspects of the actions and behavior of the old and understanding the texts correctly. Attar and Movlavi introduce the old character to the reader with various interpretations such as Sheikh, Saqi and Rand and by using the holy names of divine prophets such as Jesus (AS), Khezer (AS), and the Holy Prophet (PBUH). This article seeks to explain the appearance of elders in the Sufi thoughts of Attar and Movlavi. Manuscript profile -
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13 - Sana'i's Innovation in Qalandariat and its Impact on Attar
Reza Ashrafzadeh Elham NaeimiSanai is a pioneering poet who introduced mystical issues in the field of odes and sonnet. Sanai represents the ethical and mystical poetry of his time. Applying rhetorical themes and Qalandarian concepts has such a status (for him) that poets such as&nbs MoreSanai is a pioneering poet who introduced mystical issues in the field of odes and sonnet. Sanai represents the ethical and mystical poetry of his time. Applying rhetorical themes and Qalandarian concepts has such a status (for him) that poets such as Attar, Rumi, and Hafez have used them in their poetry and followed his style. Specific spirit runs in Sanai's mysticism which is completely different from the mystics before and after him. Qalandar owns positive and negative manifestations in Attar's poetries for instance but Sanai avoids Musalmanism and pious appearance. Tavern and Sufi are two important features in Sanai's Qalandariat. On the other hand, the frequency of reproachful concepts is also significant in the content analysis of Attar's sonnets. This paper studies the abovementioned meanings and concepts and a brief comparison with Attar's sonnets is discussed as well. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - The study of Quranic Personalities in Manteqotteir
Sayyed Mohammad Tayebi Hooshmand EsfandiarpourIn this paper, the characters are the divine messengers mentioned in the Quran who communicated the teachings of God to people. The deeds and behavior of these elects have been expressed abundantly in Persian poetry. Attar, the poet of Khorasani style, ha MoreIn this paper, the characters are the divine messengers mentioned in the Quran who communicated the teachings of God to people. The deeds and behavior of these elects have been expressed abundantly in Persian poetry. Attar, the poet of Khorasani style, has mentioned 16 of the Quranic characters in Manteqotteir, and has expressed their life, behavior, as well as their moral characteristics. To push the story forward, he has benefited from the specific characteristics of the prophets such as: Ayoub’s patience, Armor making of David, handsomeness of Josef, and miracle of Mohammad (p.u.h), and there are some beautiful allusions in some of the verses in which the biography of the prophets is connected, in a way, to the mood and behavior of some of the birds. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - The Study and Analysis of Taalab in Attar’s and Maulavi’s Worldview
Shahram Foroughi mohammadali khaledian Hasan Ali Abbaspoor EsfedenTaalab( seeking) is a verbal sign that has become widely used in Islamic mysticism. In order to find out the place of Taalab in Islamic Sufism, it is necessary to consider mysticism as a system, a system that is founded on the pillars of Sharia, Tariqat and Truth. This MoreTaalab( seeking) is a verbal sign that has become widely used in Islamic mysticism. In order to find out the place of Taalab in Islamic Sufism, it is necessary to consider mysticism as a system, a system that is founded on the pillars of Sharia, Tariqat and Truth. This structure of conduct, is derived from tariqat and seeking is considered the first step in mystical conduct. Therefore, seeking is an inseparable part of the structure of mysticism, and traces of it can be seen in almost all works of mysticism. But in the meantime, two great mystics of Iran, Atar and Maulvi, have spoken about it a lot and accelerated its features. In Attar's thoughts, seeking is considered the first of the seven valleys of Saluk, and thus it should be considered as one of the defining components of his intellectual system, but in the Masnavi, it is basically a system of thought in which the place of the components of Rumi's thought can be recognized. There is no data. In the Masnavi, not one wadi of the wadi is considered as a saluk, and it is mentioned in a definite place; Rather, Masnavi can be present everywhere. Undoubtedly, it is difficult to find, categorize and measure them, which is a difficult task in Attar's thought. The result of this research shows that Attar and Maulavi consider the request as the beginning of conduct and one of the means to realize the nine goals. They know the truth, the health of the soul and the happiness of human beings, the data of this project was collected by the library method and after classification, it was described by the qualitative method. Manuscript profile -
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16 - A comparative study of Wadi Tawhid from the perspective of Rumi and Attar
Shahram Foroughi mohammadali khaledian hasanali abbaspoor esfedenThe purpose of this study was a comparative study of Wadi Tawhid from the perspective of Rumi and Attar. In this research, it is shown how Maulana Jalaluddin Balkhi, in his lasting work, the spiritual Masnavi, accompanies and synchronizes with the seekers of the path th MoreThe purpose of this study was a comparative study of Wadi Tawhid from the perspective of Rumi and Attar. In this research, it is shown how Maulana Jalaluddin Balkhi, in his lasting work, the spiritual Masnavi, accompanies and synchronizes with the seekers of the path through the valley of monotheism. On the other hand, since Masnavi is an educational-allegorical work, we will briefly review some of the stories and allegories in which Rumi mentions one of the seven valleys. Of course, the number of officials in Attar's logic is explicitly mentioned in seven valleys, which are: seeking, love, knowledge, deprivation, monotheism, astonishment, poverty and annihilation. Among the mystical poets, it is Attar who has well defined the boundaries of the authorities and has based his book "The Logic of the Bird" on the basis of these seven authorities and has had a clear and logical order in the expression of his mystical thoughts. And he has expressed monotheism very clearly in the logic of bird. As a result, Rumi in Masnavi has not been limited to the number of officials and does not differentiate between them. He also did not comment on their order and both poets consider Tawhid as one of the most important officials. Manuscript profile -
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17 - The Contrastive Analysis of the whole Person Characteristics in the View of Molana and Attar on the Basis of Paradoxes and Gnostic Hints
Zarrintaj Varedi Abdollah maghamian zadeIn some literary works,there are some words, literary terms, phrases, and speeches which are different from the normal linguistic conventions and literary tropes. This has derived from the new vieo-point toward existence. A poet or author who has reached this fres MoreIn some literary works,there are some words, literary terms, phrases, and speeches which are different from the normal linguistic conventions and literary tropes. This has derived from the new vieo-point toward existence. A poet or author who has reached this fresh insight and is able to utter this in a new style of language and literary tecniques had, indeed, accessed a personal style. Only a few number of authors in Persian literature have been able to reach this personal style, and Roomi and Attar are,doubtlessly,among the bests and the most distinguished ones. This personal style can be investigated from three dimentions: thought, language, and literary dimension. Of the literary dimension, paradox or paradoxical imagery is a technique which highlights the meaning in a few words, and usually depicts a large amount of meaning and inexplicable mystical experiences of the poet. Having used this literary trope in their works, Roomi and Attar, as two famous poets in Islamic mysticism, have tried to express their own mystical experiences at the service of concept of "the perfect man" by means of this tecnique. The article in hand, first of all, gives a definition of paradox and the reasons of its creation, and then brings some examples of its trace out of the works of Roomi and Attar to show how and why they have used it to express the notion of perfect man. Manuscript profile -
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18 - Survey and analysis of expression and logic techniques in the language of Attar’s mad
Hossein Aligholizadeh -
Open Access Article
19 - Unity of Creation; Bin Ma'ayet of Khosrawani's Wisdom in Manteqotteir Attar
Leyla Gholami Ahangar-Kolayi Mahmoud Tavousi Shahin Ojagh AlizadehKhosravani Hekmat is Philosophy and mysticism of ancient iran that In this research, the principle of unity of creation is considered as one of its important attributes in the works of Attar. According to the results, The poet was influenced by the principle of the unit MoreKhosravani Hekmat is Philosophy and mysticism of ancient iran that In this research, the principle of unity of creation is considered as one of its important attributes in the works of Attar. According to the results, The poet was influenced by the principle of the unity of creation, although under the influence of the human being in the wisdom of Khosravani, But, unlike its predecessors, The scientific analogy corresponds to the universe of the universe with the cosmic universe, which is equivalent to the analogy of the integrity of the thirty-sixth with the Simorgh. Particle and universe, ancient secrets, ordering, desirable city, number 30, Mount Ghaf, The victim of the sensual desire, the number seven, the simorgh and the famine are all the manifestations of the unity of creation in Manteqotteir that They originated from the wisdom of Khosravi. The unity of its existence in Manteqotteir is related to the integrity and integrity of the universe, the cosmic order, and the mythology of the perfection of the day. Between the above concepts, the equality ratio is in the quadruple rational ratios. Manuscript profile -
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20 - The world and its relation with God from attar’s view point
soheila zoghi -
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21 - From Multiple Unity to Oneness Unity An Analysis of Attār Nīšābūrī’s Notion of The Truth of Monotheism
Hamidreza Shirali Malek Mohammad FarokhzadThe first consensually accepted theological, philosophical, and mystical principle among all Muslims and followers of Ibrahim’s religion is monotheism, and the belief in this unaltered principle, is undoubtedly the product of the truth of monotheism that governs a MoreThe first consensually accepted theological, philosophical, and mystical principle among all Muslims and followers of Ibrahim’s religion is monotheism, and the belief in this unaltered principle, is undoubtedly the product of the truth of monotheism that governs all the existence. However, it should not be ignored that ultimate knowledge about this solid and integrated principle is hardly achievable and rarely attainable, and according to the beliefs and sayings of all distinguished mystics of Islamic countries the perfect manifestation and the most justified form of monotheism is merely in the authority of the Perfect Man ever, who is the Excellency of the Master of Prophets, Mohammad (PBUH). On the belief of Islamic thinkers the knowledge about the boundaries between oneness unity and multiple unity is out of the toleration and understanding of all human beings; and what the knowledgeable masters believe as the “annihilation in God”, is indeed drowning in unbounded ocean of oneness unity; the unity that its only God will not let a twin whatsoever. The present research is undertaking the study of the monotheism in Farīd-al-dīn Mohammad Attār Nīšābūrī’s works. Manuscript profile -
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22 - Tazkeratol Awlia's Metatextualitis Based on the Gerard Genette's theory
zahra hatampour Atta Mohammad Radmanesh mahbobeh khorasaniWhenever based Gerard Genette's theory، first text criticizes and interprets second text their relationship will be metatextual. Accordingly can be considered two types of metatextualate forTazkeratol Awlia. The first type is the inner metatextuality or confirmatory com MoreWhenever based Gerard Genette's theory، first text criticizes and interprets second text their relationship will be metatextual. Accordingly can be considered two types of metatextualate forTazkeratol Awlia. The first type is the inner metatextuality or confirmatory comments and interpretations is located in between or the end of anecdotes and sayings .Outer metatextuality includes confirmatory comments or denial about text that Finds a critical aspect and distinct interpretations of the text. Tazkeratol Awlia is the book that most of its contents is Awlia's anecdotes and sayings. According to Attar's word in his book's introduction, he intended to Quote less from herself in the middle of his book but There are phrases in this book that is explanation and interpretation of The mystics's anecdotes and sayings and Shows the author's opinion towards them . These phrases are presented in various ways and in different titles and is considered a species of metatextuality. Also the criticisms and opinions of writers, scholars, and critics of mysticism form another form of this work's metatextualitis. Manuscript profile -
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23 - In order to study of Suleiman messenger live aspects in Attar Neishabori poets
Mehr Ali Yzdanpnah Fatemeh Kandlouei -
Open Access Article
24 - Study and Analysis of Socio-criticism in Aṭṭār Nīšābūrī’s Moṣībat-nāma Based on B. F. Skinner’s Approach
Maryam Elahizadeh Abdolmajid MohagheghiCo-existence and sympathy with the public is one of the most illuminated aspects of Iranian-Islamic mysticism. The outstanding mystics of Iran considered their blessedness to be dependent on the whole human beings’ health and expressed their desires and ideals nee MoreCo-existence and sympathy with the public is one of the most illuminated aspects of Iranian-Islamic mysticism. The outstanding mystics of Iran considered their blessedness to be dependent on the whole human beings’ health and expressed their desires and ideals needed to reach their own intended utopia through direct and indirect commentaries. Aṭṭār Nīšābūrīas one of these great mystics is a prominent figure in socio-political criticism. His couplets are replete with allegorical, caustic and dauntless criticism aimed at rulers and other groups of society. The analysis and typology of Aṭṭār’s criticism and discovering his intentions of using criticism are explored in the present research. The researchers believe that the time whenAṭṭār lived had been to a large degree turbulent and disordered, and that he, in writing Moṣībat-nāma (Book of Travail), had sought to criticize the ruling class, the greedy and worldly-minded, the religious dogmatists, and the hypocrite. The researchers have referred to B. F. Skinner’s hermeneutic approach in order to test their assumptions. Manuscript profile -
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25 - Investigating Minimalism and Its Elements in Attār Nīšābūrī’s Tazkirat al-Awliyā
Hossein Arian Fariba Hemati Zakiye RashidabadiIn literature, minimalism is a new genre characterized specially by an economy in using words. It distinctly emphasizes brevity and omission of unnecessary elements in text. This emphasis has resulted in lucidity of expression and unambiguity in stories. Although an eme MoreIn literature, minimalism is a new genre characterized specially by an economy in using words. It distinctly emphasizes brevity and omission of unnecessary elements in text. This emphasis has resulted in lucidity of expression and unambiguity in stories. Although an emergent phenomenon in the European literature, examples of minimalist stories are found plentifully in the Iranian classics. Tazkirat al-Awliyā of Attār, the famous poet of the seventh century (AH) is one of them. The researchers here have tried to study and analyze the motifs and elements of minimalism in the classic book of Attar. The study has therefore been based on the library methods. The study concluded that short parables in Tazkirat al-Awliyā can be classified as minimalist stories due to their being very short, clarity of language, brevity and straightforward plots, small number of characters and dialogues, and limited settings. Attār himself is also introduced as an innovator in the field and a very successful model for other authors. Manuscript profile -
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26 - The Study and Analysis of Simorgh Manifestation in Mystical Text by Reference to Attar’s Conference of Birds and Rumi’s Masnavi
Roghayeh SadraieBy means of an examination of tales and legends among different nations, one can find out about similar elements and characteristics that are liable to be studied from different perspectives. Simorgh, as one of the recurrent emblems in Persian literary works, is notewor MoreBy means of an examination of tales and legends among different nations, one can find out about similar elements and characteristics that are liable to be studied from different perspectives. Simorgh, as one of the recurrent emblems in Persian literary works, is noteworthy and its presence in Iranian culture dates back to pre-Islamic era. The first presence of this legendary bird had been in epic and then in mystic literature of Iran, and poets such as Ferdowsi, Attar, Rumi, Sa’adi and Hafez have depicted it in their works. In Shahnameh it has a divine-demonic, and in later mystic works it has a spiritual manifestation that reveals such mysteries as immortality, existence unity, and absolute essence. With respect to what already mentioned, this article aims at exploring the different aspects of this mythical bird through studying two Persian masterpieces – Masnavi and Conference of Birds – to reveal its mythical and mystical character. Manuscript profile -
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27 - العطار النیسابوری والرؤى السریالیة فی تذکرة الأولیاء
Fatemeh Emamiالسریالیة (الفوق واقعیة)، هی مدرسة فنیة وأدبیة نشأت فی العقد الثالث من القرن العشرین فی فرنسا. تحمل الرؤى والأفکار اللاشعوریة (اللاوعی) والذاتیة والتجرید والخیال فأصبحت عناصر واقعیة فی ساحة الفن والأدب، کما أنها أمور لها مکانة خاصة وممیزة فی ساحة التصوف. وعلى الرغم من م Moreالسریالیة (الفوق واقعیة)، هی مدرسة فنیة وأدبیة نشأت فی العقد الثالث من القرن العشرین فی فرنسا. تحمل الرؤى والأفکار اللاشعوریة (اللاوعی) والذاتیة والتجرید والخیال فأصبحت عناصر واقعیة فی ساحة الفن والأدب، کما أنها أمور لها مکانة خاصة وممیزة فی ساحة التصوف. وعلى الرغم من معرفتنا بأن المبادئ والنماذج التی تتمیز بها الأعمال الأدبیة والصوفیة لدى أدبائنا لا تنطبق تماماً مع السریالیة کمکتب ومذهب، ولکنّ هناک دلالات متقاربة ورموزاً متشابهة لمکوّنات المدرسة السریالیة مثل السخریة، والسحر، والحالات الغریبة، والرؤیا (الحلم)، والکتابة التلقائیة، والجنون والتهور والمصادفة، تُمکّننا من دراسة الرؤیا فی تذکرة الأولیاء للشاعر العطار النیسابوری. ومن هذا المنطلق یقوم البحث على أساس المنهج التحلیلی المقارن. ومن خلال هذه الدراسة، توصّل البحث إلى أن الرؤیا فی تذکرة الأولیاء برزت کأحد الأدوات والوسائل التی استعان بها الشاعر لعرض أفکارٍ استقاها من عالمٍ یتفوق الواقع إلى أبعد الحدود انفتح إلیه من خلال مراتب الشهود الحاصلة لدیه ضمن تجربته الصوفیة. Manuscript profile -
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28 - Characteristics of Lover and Beloved in the Odes of Attār and Mowlānā : A Comparative Study
Faezeh Payriz Zanjani Mehdi Mahoozi Mandana HashemiLove is one of the main concepts and themes in Persian literature. Attār and Mowlānā (Rumi) who are both nobles of romantic mysticism, prefer suffering in love to ascetic life. In the present article using comparative method, the manifestations of the lover and the belo MoreLove is one of the main concepts and themes in Persian literature. Attār and Mowlānā (Rumi) who are both nobles of romantic mysticism, prefer suffering in love to ascetic life. In the present article using comparative method, the manifestations of the lover and the beloved is analyzed in the odes of two poets and their views is extracted and expressed from one hundred verses that contain common and different views of them. This article aims to study the manifestations of the lover and the beloved in the odes of Attār and Mowlānā in order to describe similarities and differences between these two poets. This study is done through descriptive-analytical method. Findings of the study reveal that although there are differences between Mowlānā and Attār views in the issue of love, Mowlānā is greatly influenced by Attār, but has numerous abnormalities. Attār in his description of love, focuses more on bodily and external aspects rather than the mystical and spiritual aspects of the lover and especially the beloved. So that the bodily descriptions are more frequent. In Mowlānā odes, the descriptions of the beloved are totally mystical and even in the verses in which the poet, if necessary, describes the appearance of the beloved, they are accompanied with the mystical odour, so that the reader feels that the appearance of the beloved in these descriptions is rather symbolic. Manuscript profile -
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29 - Reciprocal Opposition of Common Mystical Themes in the Poems of Abu al-Hasan al-Shushtari and Attār of Nishapur
Mehrdad Aghaei Hossein Hadidi Akbar BashiriMysticism is a kind of cognition based on a spiritual and indescribable state in which man feels that he received a direct and immediate connection with the existence of the Almighty God. These feelings are spiritual and transcendental states in which the mystic underst MoreMysticism is a kind of cognition based on a spiritual and indescribable state in which man feels that he received a direct and immediate connection with the existence of the Almighty God. These feelings are spiritual and transcendental states in which the mystic understands the absolute nature through the taste and conscience. Mysticism is one of the important subjects of literature that has been effective in expanding and enriching poetic themes. Abu al-Hasan al-Shushtari, known as (the Bride of the Jurists), is one of the poets of the Andalusian period in the seventh century AH, who composed beautiful poems in the field of mysticism. In the meantime, Attār of Nishapur is one of the prominent poets of the sixth century and a pioneer of mystical poetry and Persian literature. This article, by use of a descriptive-analytical method, aims at the study of commonalities of mystical thoughts of these two poets on concepts such as (unity of existence, divine love, mystical cup, freedom, immortality and annihilation, reality of the world, consent and submission) in the poetic structure and language. The results of this research reveal that Attār of Nishapur and Abu al-Hasan al-Shushtari are prominent mystical poets, and the concepts such as freedom, divine consent, mystical cup, death and annihilation in God's cause, love of the Essence of The One, are repeated in high frequency in the poems of these two poets. Attār in his poems influenced the souls and spirit of his addressees through symbolic utterances, solitariness, novelty of speech and silence. Abu al-Hassan al-Shushtari speaks always of melting in Divine Way and believes that the Divine Love should be expressed manifestly. Abu al-Hasan al-Shushtari in his poetry was greatly influenced by Attār. Manuscript profile -
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30 - A Critical Overview of Attar 's Biography and Poetic Style
Abdolhamid AhmadiFarid-o-din Attar Neishabouri is deemed amongst the most renowned men in the history of mysticism and Iranian literature. He devotes a faithful consideration to the permeation of mystical thoughts. Relying on divergent allegories and theosophical fable MoreFarid-o-din Attar Neishabouri is deemed amongst the most renowned men in the history of mysticism and Iranian literature. He devotes a faithful consideration to the permeation of mystical thoughts. Relying on divergent allegories and theosophical fables, he depicts the mystic's journey to achieve truth. However, among the masters of Persian poetry the life of no poet has been as obscure as that of Attar. Furthermore, there has been some irrelevant verse attributed to him, with which he has no concern. The present paper is an attempt to portray Attar's true personality through the investigation of his works and to trace the very essence of his mystic thoughts in his verse. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
31 - The Impact of Persian Literature on Albayati's Poetry
Eesa Motaghi Zadeh Ali BashiriAbdolvahab Albayati is one of the well-known poets of Iraq and Arab contemporary poetry. He has been affected by Persian culture and literature in most of his poems. This research intends to assess some aspects of such effects , and to explain them as far as possi MoreAbdolvahab Albayati is one of the well-known poets of Iraq and Arab contemporary poetry. He has been affected by Persian culture and literature in most of his poems. This research intends to assess some aspects of such effects , and to explain them as far as possible. In this assessment, we will find how Bayati has taken advantage of Persian poets such as Khayyam and Molavi and Attar as symbolic characters and also Persian cities including Neyshabour and Shiraz in his artistic presentation. Manuscript profile -
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32 - "Fire" in poetry Attar, with a focus on the "allegory"
Esmaeil Abdi MakvandAllegory in mystical literature plays an important role. Mystical allegories, only in a group of words or substances do not appear But sometimes used allegory in a word such as water, fire, wind, earth, sea, mountains and so on. The link allegory and symbol, is unbroken MoreAllegory in mystical literature plays an important role. Mystical allegories, only in a group of words or substances do not appear But sometimes used allegory in a word such as water, fire, wind, earth, sea, mountains and so on. The link allegory and symbol, is unbroken. They are metaphors allegorical function. Allusions, metaphors and similes of the mix, not out. The mystical literature dealing with the public and for specialized tissue and its unpretentious, The use of plain language and simple truths for everyone to understand and difficult to understand, Most of the "allegory" The tradition in the culture and language of the people, To convince the audience uses. Check allegorical function "fire", the method library - documents with the analytical approach, and sometimes descriptive, are the responsibility of the article. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
33 - Dog in Sanai and Attar and Molana Area Allegory
M. BazgirPoets have used parable with abundance of dog very much, sometimes have known it as a symbol of loyalty, sometimes lover and sensuality. Thus words and pictures become a bridge to reach the meaning. In the beginning comes a description of the parable which is one of Ima MorePoets have used parable with abundance of dog very much, sometimes have known it as a symbol of loyalty, sometimes lover and sensuality. Thus words and pictures become a bridge to reach the meaning. In the beginning comes a description of the parable which is one of Imaginary faces and in this case, different opinions of professors have brought as a witness. Because the allegory is a tool for making tangible the mystical concepts and by that expressed moral, social and political messages and mystical. Then with survey in different texts of dog picture and attitude to it, transformation of pictures in the words of Announcers will be examined. and Tips and wisdom and subtlety that have been used, documented expresses. Resulted spiritual, moral, social and political teachings will be described. And the corner of mysticism, worldview and demeanor of this land's elders will be show. and finally the messages of Poets as a logical result of Parables will be scrutinized. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
34 - Analysing content of proverbs in nishabori's Elahi nameh
Seyed Ahmad Hosseini Kazerooni M. EhsanjooOne of the literary treasures in Persian literature is value treasure of proverbs that access to the thoughts, attitudes and practices of predecessors in a variety of conditions makes clear and understandale for us. Proverbs is reflection of opinion of community in lite MoreOne of the literary treasures in Persian literature is value treasure of proverbs that access to the thoughts, attitudes and practices of predecessors in a variety of conditions makes clear and understandale for us. Proverbs is reflection of opinion of community in literary works. Attar's Elahinameh is one of those works that have been composed by combining different proverbial content in seven century. Accordingly such restrictions in Dehkhod's Amsal o hekam, we prefer the Elahi nameh in order to get acquainted the attitude of the thoughthful poet and understand the impotance of the language and guidance to learn about their ancestors. Apparently befer has been investigated about various proverbs interms of content and expression that using content analysis and providing statics chart, this issue is taken into consideration. Manuscript profile -
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35 - Death and Voluntary Death from Sanai’s, Attars’ and Molana’s points of view
M. khodayari Death and thinking about it, have definitely occupied the minds of poets, writers, mystics, and thinkers throughout the history. In fact, thinking about death has overshadowed the thoughts and the works of many writers and thinkers particularly in the Persian lite More Death and thinking about it, have definitely occupied the minds of poets, writers, mystics, and thinkers throughout the history. In fact, thinking about death has overshadowed the thoughts and the works of many writers and thinkers particularly in the Persian literature. Mystic poets like Sanai, Attar, and Molana have always cherished death in their poems and believe that death is inevitable and cannot be escaped. They, however, believe that true and voluntary death is possible through abstinence and the purification of the soul. Inspired by the Quran’ verses and Ahadith, they presume that we need to voluntarily surrender ourselves before the real death comes.In this short article, the author attempts to describe and analyze the views of mystic poets like Sanai, Attar, and Molana in relation to the concepts of death and voluntary death as well as the ways by which a voluntary death can be realized. Their views of death will be depicted through some examples of their poems. Manuscript profile -
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36 - Analysis of the ethical functions of allegory in the Asrar-Nameh
hoseyn SEYYEDI Hossein GhasemiFardAllegory is one of the most effective literary methods in reciting and outlining the most important ethical and educational issues; because by simplifying complex issues, the power of understanding and analyzing a broad audience grows. since the main aim of the ethical MoreAllegory is one of the most effective literary methods in reciting and outlining the most important ethical and educational issues; because by simplifying complex issues, the power of understanding and analyzing a broad audience grows. since the main aim of the ethical poets is to create poetry, it is raising the level of knowledge of the people. use tools such as allegory to advance and fulfill educational goals. Attar in the mystery, based on this part of the allegorical capabilities, it has been devoted to explaining various moral, religious and mystical issues. in this article, based on the descriptive-analytic method, the ethical functions of allegory are investigated. it seems that the poet, using the aforementioned narrative, explains such topics as: "life; self-destruction; self-affirmation; the consideration of divine and spiritual love; the exaggeration of the zeal and the property of friendship; the avoidance of negligence; the condemnation of appearances; The instability of human life and the proportion between human capacities and the chosen goal ". it was also found that the poet used simple analogies to avoid disturbances in the process of understanding his general audience. these allegories have been effective in representing the most important ethical issues that are often abstract and intangible. Manuscript profile -
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37 - Investigating and analyzing allegory with the approach of ritual and religious functions in Attar Neyshabouri's Asrarname
turaj deshmanzeyari Seyed Mahmoud Seyed Sadeghi Seyed Ahmad Hosseini KazerooniThe present study was performed using descriptive method and using library data. The aim of this study was to investigate and analyze the allegory with the approach of ritual and religious functions in Attar Neyshabouri's Asrarname. Analogy is one of the literary arrays MoreThe present study was performed using descriptive method and using library data. The aim of this study was to investigate and analyze the allegory with the approach of ritual and religious functions in Attar Neyshabouri's Asrarname. Analogy is one of the literary arrays that have been considered by the ancient existed, the attention of poets and writers, the analogy may appear in the form of a bit or a story and the authors. The expression of emblematic vere is one of the methods of reasoning in which a clear and acceptable sample of the subject judgment the exact results in that field. Due to the fact that no research has been done in the field of religious and ritual allegories in Asrarrname, it is necessary to conduct this research, so the researcher in this research seeks to find the answer to the questions that types of story allegories with ritual and religious approaches are used. Which are the secrets? Which type of story allegory has the highest number of frequencies in this work? What tools does Attar Neyshabouri use in allegory? Which type of allegory has played a special role in Attar Neyshabouri's anecdotes? The results of the research have shown that ritual and religious allegories in these works of Attar's work cause the transmission of high human concepts and values that originated from religion and heavenly teachings to the audience and readers. Manuscript profile -
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38 - Examining the allegorical alphabets of fowls in Mantegh al-Ta'ir
Fazel Abbaszadeh Mehrdad Aghaei Shahrbanoo AzimzadehThe main logic characters are birds, birds and birds that the poet used to determine their personality from their mythological and tactile role. The intrinsic personality of most birds is based on two bases of disability and pride, which appear in their speech and deeds MoreThe main logic characters are birds, birds and birds that the poet used to determine their personality from their mythological and tactile role. The intrinsic personality of most birds is based on two bases of disability and pride, which appear in their speech and deeds as a self-righteous manifestation. The disappointment of the peacock and pride is the same, since the peacock does not behave with Adam, which led to the expulsion of Adam and Peacocks from Paradise, and also that he is shadowed by the King of the Paradise. Therefore, the birds and their leader in their statements describe their character. The existential dimensions of the characters are revealed by the expression of their actions. One of the phenomena that affects some characters in the story is recognizing and transforming. According to the results of this research, Attar has benefited from the mystical experience appropriate to the existential capacities of individuals and groups in the treatment of people's mental anomalies in their turbulent society. And how to perfect the types of individuals, to It has explained the characteristics of their common personality traits and obstacles. Attar in this mystical and therapeutic proposal, in addition to explaining the ancient perfection and individual health, by shoving the shadow and passing Anima, involves the elimination of conventional emoticons. Ultimately, the extraterritorial and intrinsic characteristics of individuals in such a myth-e-old-story and epistemic experience are imminent. Manuscript profile -
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39 - Application of the symbol and parable in the poem of Atar Nishapur
Jafar Havasi Seyed Ahmad Hosseini Kazerooni Farzana Yousef ganbariAttar Neishaburi, the great poet and great mystic of the sixth and seventh centuries, offers the meanings and themes of the highest mysticism in the best form in the form of symbolism and allegory. In his four well-known works (mantegh al-Tayer, mosibat nameh and elahi MoreAttar Neishaburi, the great poet and great mystic of the sixth and seventh centuries, offers the meanings and themes of the highest mysticism in the best form in the form of symbolism and allegory. In his four well-known works (mantegh al-Tayer, mosibat nameh and elahi nameh and asrar nameh), he has set the cipher and symbol of his stories. The actors of his scenes are symbolic and allegorical that bestowed the poet's ultimate goal. The allegories used in the writings of Attar are the reporter of his feelings and experiences. He misses the bitterness of the bitterness of the bitter and indirect expression of his real goals. In this article, the writers have devised a descriptive analysis of the symbols and parables used in the poet's poetry for the necessity of research, focusing on four works of Attar. Manuscript profile -
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40 - Eblis (Satan) in Eghbal "and Attar's Poetry
Parvin.Dokht Mashhoor"Eblis" or "Satan" is a well-know figure in the history of Creation . His especial Personality has been discussed in the religious , literary and mystical texts . Some of the great Islamic mystics – Such as Ghazzali , Ein- al ghozat , Sanayee , Attar and Moulana More"Eblis" or "Satan" is a well-know figure in the history of Creation . His especial Personality has been discussed in the religious , literary and mystical texts . Some of the great Islamic mystics – Such as Ghazzali , Ein- al ghozat , Sanayee , Attar and Moulana – have tried to justify his 'Big Sin' . Eghbal – e lahouri , the famous contemporary poet and philosopher has written about Satan too. Eghbal's viewpoint , of course , is different from the above – mentioned poets. In this article , the writer , has tried to discuss about Eblis or Satan in Eghbal and Attar's poetry. Manuscript profile -
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41 - Attar's Especial Views in Mystic
Maryam MahmoudiAttar is the famous Gnostic and great poem in Persian literature stage. In addition to valuable works he offered to Persian culture and literature he has suggested special views in some mystic issues. He mixed expiation and research into agony and fervency and has expre MoreAttar is the famous Gnostic and great poem in Persian literature stage. In addition to valuable works he offered to Persian culture and literature he has suggested special views in some mystic issues. He mixed expiation and research into agony and fervency and has expressed spiritual attractions by fine words. He is remarkable for the movement of Islamic Sufism and Gnosticism of sixth century because of the arrival of poem into Gnosticism area and in forming this literary tradition Attar has priority over poets who follow Sanaei. Therefore the examination of Attar’s especial views in different mystic areas has been very effective in realizing Islamic and Iranian Gnosticism. Penitence is among mystic positions which are experienced by seeker as the first position. In Attars’s opinion god is one who really makes repent and penitence has different degrees. In his Mathnavis he points to general penitence and in his lyrics he points to especial penitence. The role of sage is not deniable in penitence; in conduct he is seeker’s helper so in his works Attar has provided a precise expression of sage and reminded the necessity of following the mentor. Yet in his works Attar has discoursed on penitence and its degrees relatively perfect. Although some of his ideas are in consistence with the ideas of his previous and contemporary Gnostics, in some cases he again offers some definitions and has his own especial ideas. Manuscript profile -
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42 - Mystical Teachings of Gurus in Attar's Elahinameh
Hajar Khadem Toutaj AghdaieFollowing Mantegh O lteir, Elahinameh is considered as the most eminent Masnavi by Attar. This Masnavi is a long story composed of 22 articles, utilizing a “dialogue” between a father and his six sons who have their own dreams individually. Their father interprets their MoreFollowing Mantegh O lteir, Elahinameh is considered as the most eminent Masnavi by Attar. This Masnavi is a long story composed of 22 articles, utilizing a “dialogue” between a father and his six sons who have their own dreams individually. Their father interprets their dreams into reality. Attar utilized many figurative stories to express his mystical thoughts. A part of the stories quoted from Attar is considered as the most useful tool to visualize mystical doctrines of Attar. This paper aims to classify Mystics' stories following introduction of Elahinameh to trace Attar's thoughts containing definite concepts such as meaning, quitting and neglecting wish fulfillment, the world, little food consumption, fair play and death. This paper, which originated from reading over Mystics' stories, shows that just as a spiritual traveler is in need of companionship by a guru, Attar tries to ferry the audience from imperfection to perfection in this way. Manuscript profile -
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43 - Relentless struggle between soul and his six childrenin Elahi Nameh by Attar Neyshabouri
Nahid JafariSheikh Farid Aldin Attar, Neyshabour's master, is considered a Sufi poet, a mystic poet and a signification creator. His rhetoric can't be accounted as his mere skill, he is persistence in writing should also be thought of. The significance of his thoughts is heightened MoreSheikh Farid Aldin Attar, Neyshabour's master, is considered a Sufi poet, a mystic poet and a signification creator. His rhetoric can't be accounted as his mere skill, he is persistence in writing should also be thought of. The significance of his thoughts is heightened in that they reveal the authentic instincts of human beings and the reader is freed from himself and he is attracted to definitive horizons of God's thoughts. Attar's works release his contemplations on mysticism and literature as in Elahi Nameh. This book, in his words, a "Devine Treasure" and his words are "Pure Monotheism" is poem which reflects spiritual and mystical along with mysterious points. This collection is replete with stories and fables. Since attar's works mainly converse about soul, this book is also highlighting the relentless struggle of soul, the soul which belongs to the divine world and not the earth. Attar makes all attempts to return this divine gift safely to its real land. Therefore; soul plays the role of a Caliph with six children. This Caliph fights against any deterrents such as lust, greed, magnanimity, etc since they are born by self and treated as their children and they prevent his travel from temporal world to the divine world. Manuscript profile -
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44 - Study Of Israelites in Attar’s Works Focusing on Manteghul Tair and the Story Of Adam and Solomon
Farhad KakarashA lot of mystical poetry works especially during the sixth century have come up with various approaches. This study tries to shed light on literary and mental works in mystical order from a different view so that the manifestation of Israelites could be reflected in the MoreA lot of mystical poetry works especially during the sixth century have come up with various approaches. This study tries to shed light on literary and mental works in mystical order from a different view so that the manifestation of Israelites could be reflected in their works. In this short paper, that section approved by researchers and great hadith relators who commented on the forged relation of Israelites in the stories of Adam and Solomon and their echoes on Manteghul Tair, as the most important mystical poetry of the six century. This paper has used a descriptive analytic research with the purpose of studying the forged relations and Israelites as the non-Islamic beliefs in general and the level of affectedness of Attar’s works in particular. The founding of the study demonstrates that entry of forged relations into the poetry of those such as Attar comes from some evidences. The most important reason is their poetic implications on the commentaries and incorrect relations and sometimes some weak resources have been used unconsciously. Regardless of the kind of resources and the originality of relation and story, reflection and commentaries of mystical teachings on any issues have been utilized. Manuscript profile -
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45 - Pantheism and its signs in mantegh al-teyr
Masoud PakdelAccording to pantheism theory in Islamic theosophy , what ever eyes see and thought records, is superficial and imaginary growth, and beyond that there is an unlimited and real existence. This growth is effect of that unique and unlimited existence. Attar uses compou MoreAccording to pantheism theory in Islamic theosophy , what ever eyes see and thought records, is superficial and imaginary growth, and beyond that there is an unlimited and real existence. This growth is effect of that unique and unlimited existence. Attar uses compound pun to explain imaginary growth and unique and real existence. Thirty birds and roc (simorgh). Roc which is byond the superficial senses really exists and it is only one , whereas thirty birds which ane on face of super ficial senses donot really exist, but in fact they are signs and realization of that single fact. The Roc is the mystery of God and thirty birds are mystery of humans. Roc is beyond the senses of other birds. in fact those thritl birds found out that Roc in themselves. Manuscript profile -
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46 - Reflection Of Deliberate Death in ManteghulTair
Seyed Yahya Yasrebi Elaheh ShayestehrokhFrom mystical followers’ point of view death is the beginning of a never ending life. This is true not only for forceful and emerging death but also for deliberate and optional one. If in unpredictable death one’s soul is forced to leave the body and meet the Almighty, MoreFrom mystical followers’ point of view death is the beginning of a never ending life. This is true not only for forceful and emerging death but also for deliberate and optional one. If in unpredictable death one’s soul is forced to leave the body and meet the Almighty, in deliberate death, before one’s destined death arrives it is done through the mystic’s own wish and will power. Attar Neyshaboori has explained in his book called ManteghulTair the hard journey of the mystic on the main path toward God and has admitted that only those whose entities are refined and polished from the spiritual contaminants and moral impurities and reflect truth will be allowed to be present before God while at the same time they find out that they have become a part of absolute truth and are not detached from any more, and on this way the assistance and contribution of the Almighty as well as following the leader who knows the way will make the endeavor and strife of those seeking God fruitful Manuscript profile -
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47 - From Attars Kalandar to Hafizs Rogue
Ali Dehghan Javad Seddighi LighvanOne of the main manifestations of the mystical poetry is usage of the bohemian (Kalandar) and profligacy contents. This kind of the poetry was begun officially with Sanaei. Usage of the profligacy and bohemian contents has outstanding place in the Persian poetry so that MoreOne of the main manifestations of the mystical poetry is usage of the bohemian (Kalandar) and profligacy contents. This kind of the poetry was begun officially with Sanaei. Usage of the profligacy and bohemian contents has outstanding place in the Persian poetry so that after Sanaei, the poets such as Attar, Molavi, Saadi and Hafez employed these contents in their poems. By survey on the bohemian poems of Attar and sonnets on profligacy by Hafez, as outstanding examples of profligacy and bohemian poems, the similarities and differences in the identity of bohemians and profligates can be investigated in their poems. Bohemian has positive and negative aspects in the poems of Attar. His bohemian sometimes is placed in the higher rank and sometimes he is in the lower rank. This characteristic is true about the profligate of Hafez so that accompaniment by profligate is a great honor, but sometimes it denotes disgrace. Research on this subject matter and decision on the lexical roots and comparison of the concepts of bohemian and profligate in the poems of Attar and Hafez explain the main indictors of bohemian and profligacy as fundamental thoughts in the Persian Literature and mystical texts. This article tries to investigate bohemian and profligacy in the poems of Attar and Hafez. Manuscript profile -
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48 - Ideal Man in Attars "An Islamic Mysticism Approach"
Shahin GhasemiAll the works of the great mystics are directed towards the representation of the perfect man. Great mystics, rightfully, call man, The Macrocosm, the worlds in which God has endowed man with magnanimous aptitudes. Through this word, man can traverse the way MoreAll the works of the great mystics are directed towards the representation of the perfect man. Great mystics, rightfully, call man, The Macrocosm, the worlds in which God has endowed man with magnanimous aptitudes. Through this word, man can traverse the way to spiritual perfection. Attar, as a great Persian mystic, also posits a pivotal status for man and his welfare. A great number of themes in his works are replete with the presentation of man in his perfection. A study of his works indicates that through revision of his religious and mystic conceptions, one can imply his ideas about the perfect man. This research, through the study of ideal man and his position, seeks to find out Attar’s conceptions and attitudes regarding the ideal man. Manuscript profile -
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49 - Dialectics of Happiness and Sadness as Viewed by Attar and Mowlavi
Naser Gozashteh Mojdeh ShariatmadariThis study investigates the possibility of dialectical readings of Attar and Rumi's experience of sadness and happiness. To this end, we had an effort to pave the way to understand the meaning of dialectic and dialectical intuition in Attar and Rumi's works, and claimed MoreThis study investigates the possibility of dialectical readings of Attar and Rumi's experience of sadness and happiness. To this end, we had an effort to pave the way to understand the meaning of dialectic and dialectical intuition in Attar and Rumi's works, and claimed that their dialectical declaration came from their own dialectical worldview. Then we studied sadness and happiness in their living world and figured out that when grief and gladness are directed toward the material world they turn out to be false sadness and happiness, and also whenever one releases his or her self from worldly and temporal attachments, all his cry and laugh, contraction and expansion, jolly and boredom and finally his sadness and happiness become a different type. If we look at Attar and Rumi's experience dialectically, we will understand how drowning in love and living in infinity can put man in another form of life which has new flavor. With the help of this dialectic viewpoint we can find out why Attar's world is full of grief and sadness while for Rumi it is overall cheerfulness and dance. Manuscript profile -
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50 - Analysis of the Impact of Quranic Verses and Traditions on Attaar Neishaboori's Works
Shokouh Assadollahi Jamshid Jalali SheejaniSheykh Farīd ud-Dīn Aṭṭār Neyshabooriwas one of the famous Persian poets and theosophists who lived during the late sixth to the early seventh Hijra centuries. He was among the theosophist poets who were enamored to Quran and Gnosticism. He also had thorough knowledge o MoreSheykh Farīd ud-Dīn Aṭṭār Neyshabooriwas one of the famous Persian poets and theosophists who lived during the late sixth to the early seventh Hijra centuries. He was among the theosophist poets who were enamored to Quran and Gnosticism. He also had thorough knowledge of religious sciences such as interpretation, Haddith or narrations so that all his works were replete with some contexts originated from verses and narrations. Hence, in his poems, being fully gnostic and religious, reflection and manifestation of the God’s discourse (speech) and narrations can abundantly be observed. In contrast with his ancestors, he resorted to a different method to create his poems. Relying on to simple language and common parlance, giving different parables and allegories, giving fables on behalf of ordinary people and animals and excitement of emotions were among the methods he used to create his works. He sometimes used Quranic verses directly and sometimes he partially pointed out to them. Moreover, he gave some trivial changes in such verses and gave an overall meaning of them in his works. Focusing on his works such as Asrarnameh, Mantegholteir, Mosibatnameh, Elahinameh, Mokhtarnameh and his odes and sonnets, in this paper, we are trying to investigate whether his works have directly (or indirectly) been impacted (by other sources and factors). Manuscript profile -
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51 - Attar Neyshabouri's Cryptography of Mystical Nuances of Rabe’e and Baktash Tale
Nahid JafariThe story of the passion between “Rabe’e and Baktash”, in Ellahi Nameh, has been one of the most aspiring stories in love prose and mystical stories in Persian literature which has been illustrated brilliantly and magnificently by Sheik Farid Aldin Attar Neyshaboori, th MoreThe story of the passion between “Rabe’e and Baktash”, in Ellahi Nameh, has been one of the most aspiring stories in love prose and mystical stories in Persian literature which has been illustrated brilliantly and magnificently by Sheik Farid Aldin Attar Neyshaboori, the famous poet of the 6th century. He is one of the highly applauded mystical and affectionate poets. He has not only won the reputation of conceptual literature, but also created unique and distinctive narrations. Of all his works, his Masnavis have extensive perceptions and various concepts can be driven, they are also mysterious in notifying mystical connotations, and they all have made absolute attraction. Since the state of soul has been considered as the core of Attar’s words, he narrates a mystical and spiritual tale, called “Rabe’e and Baktash” in Ellahi Nameh in which he tries to interpret soul. Rabe’e, the heroin of this story, plays an affectionate role and is the symbol of “soul” and her lover, Baktash, is a secret of “self” in mankind. The poet has devoted the whole story to the salvation process of Rabe’e’s soul and the evolution process of Baktash’s self. Manuscript profile -
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52 - Shah DaeiShirazi’s Intellectual Feed for Composing ChaharChaman Couplet
مسروره مختاری“Shah DaeiShirazi” is one of the mystic poets and missionaries of IbnArabi’s pantheism in 9th century and there are several works of him left in verse and prose. One of his verses is titled “Shah Daei’s Six Collections”. “ChaharChaman” couplet is his fourth verse, in wh More“Shah DaeiShirazi” is one of the mystic poets and missionaries of IbnArabi’s pantheism in 9th century and there are several works of him left in verse and prose. One of his verses is titled “Shah Daei’s Six Collections”. “ChaharChaman” couplet is his fourth verse, in which the poet has considered implicitly his earlier works such as Attar’s “MantequlTeyr”. Since no study has ever been conducted on this couplet and that of Shah Daei’s thoughts, the present study is an attempt to study how the earlier poets influenced the poet, especially Attar, using descriptive- analytic and library method. In addition to the structure (debate within versified story and characters), Shah Daei is influenced by Attar concerning seven valleys of spirituality and pantheism. The fact that Shah Daei followed IbnArabi with the obvious reflection of his ideology on the work including the frequency of terms and the content make up the center of his attention. Despite the influences, “ChaharChaman” couplet is an innovative work regarding artistic and literary structure because the poet was able to melt up the scattered thoughts of his earlier poets in his own style using the imagination and create an eternal work of art. Manuscript profile -
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53 - Analyzing the Status of Repentance in the Story of the Old Woman and Malekshah in Attar's Tragic Tales Based on Joseph Campbell's Archetype of "the Return of the hero
Masoome RouhaniFard Mehdi Mahouzi Shahin OjaqaliZadeThe mysterious tale of the Old Woman and the Kingdom of AlbArslan in Attar’s MosibatNameh(Tragic Tales in Persian) has a great capacity for various decoding readings. The tale of the Old Woman and Malek Shah can be studied based on Campbell’s theories. One of the approp MoreThe mysterious tale of the Old Woman and the Kingdom of AlbArslan in Attar’s MosibatNameh(Tragic Tales in Persian) has a great capacity for various decoding readings. The tale of the Old Woman and Malek Shah can be studied based on Campbell’s theories. One of the appropriate methods for understanding the mysterious structure of this tale is Campbell’s archetype of the hero’s journey. The hero is evoked to another land and thus starts his journey. In the course of his journey through the world he loses the only property in his life and stands against Malek Shah in an audacious fight and urges him to return the righteous properties of the peasants and finally frightens him of passing the bridge and encountering the grandeur of God. Eventually when the hero attains his rights he prays to God that Malek Shah is forgiven so that he could achieve perfection and maturity. Malek Shah is changed in sleep and returns to his previous status while carrying the Elixir of Life with him so that he could impart it on peasants and friends. In these journeys the trudging hero sets foot on a dangerous journey by answering the call of the albino dean of the kingdom to save the peasants of Iran. After passing various stages of battle, the hero not only succeeds in his mission and gains material blessings, but also attains a kind of self-recognition and spiritual perfection that in addition to being the function of the hero is based on Campbell’s theories on “the hero’s journey” that leads to a change in his land through praying and obeisance to God and by asking for God’s help. Manuscript profile -
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54 - رویکرد عرفانی عطار در باورهای پزشکی و خرافی در منطقالطیر
عفت نجارنوبری -
Open Access Article
55 - Reflection of Resurrection in Attar’s Mystical Poems
enayatallah sharifpour Ahmad Amiri Khorasani Esmaeel HassanzadehThe Resurrection and the life after death have always been mysterious and unknown, so this leads to more fear from death. thus, to clarify the nature of the Resurrection as one of the most important roots in the Persian poetry, it is essential to survey the thoughts of MoreThe Resurrection and the life after death have always been mysterious and unknown, so this leads to more fear from death. thus, to clarify the nature of the Resurrection as one of the most important roots in the Persian poetry, it is essential to survey the thoughts of the mystics and the religious books. Attar Neyshaburi, the Iranian impactful poet, had a profound thought on the Resurrection, widely expressed in his poems. In this article, presenting the preliminaries of mysticism as a way to discover the truths, the researcher referring to the concept of the Resurrection in the Persian and Arabic dictionaries surveys its reflection in the poems of Attar as one of the outstanding Mystic figures and reviews the factors of prosperity or failure in the Resurrection through his views, and indicates that the Holy Quran has been the source of Attar's religious thoughts. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
56 - Semiotic Analysis of Ascetic in Attar’s Mystical Language
Mehdi Arab Jafari Mohammadabadi Tahereh Khoshhal Zohreh NajafiEvery mystic According to officials where there is and conditions placed on him,emotions mystical and given special internal, When shed this emotions in the form of language, His language shape fits whit that emotions, Which, with other Sufi mystics different language o MoreEvery mystic According to officials where there is and conditions placed on him,emotions mystical and given special internal, When shed this emotions in the form of language, His language shape fits whit that emotions, Which, with other Sufi mystics different language opens And even the mystic language situation in various tissues, treated differently. So is the mystical language has various tissues, In any symptoms of tissue function and time have special value that The performance and the value of the signs is different in other tissues. To this reason for the scientific and exactly scrutiny of literary language of mysticism have them recognize symptoms and function. semiotics as one of the modern methods of literary criticism is that deals to analyze the symptoms text as a whole. The pen tries as a sign, word ascetic in mystical language of Attar using semiotics review. For this purpose, a sign of ascetic based on the analysis succession and then it was mutual semiotics and it has established a balance network and in this way to different interpretations of the signs in various tissues has his tongue. This study showed that a sign of asceticism in the mystical language of Attar is located in three different discourse. Attar in each of these conversations a special approach to the symptoms have and once it has a different value Attar's mystical appearance representing various home. Manuscript profile -
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57 - A Study of the Philosophical and Mystical Foundations of the Theory of Love and Its Role in Existence (Case Study: Attar's Mystical Poems
Seyyed Mohammadhadi Hosseini Sa’adati amir momenihezaveh Mehdi Mohabbati Ghorban Vali’eiMystical ontology considers existence to have two outward and inward aspects, the outer and tangible shell of which is considered as an imaginary identity, which must be crossed and its interior and essence must be reached. According to Attar, love is the essence of exi MoreMystical ontology considers existence to have two outward and inward aspects, the outer and tangible shell of which is considered as an imaginary identity, which must be crossed and its interior and essence must be reached. According to Attar, love is the essence of existence, which is present in all particles and elements of existence. Intrinsic poverty and painful need provide the motivation, abilities and facilities needed to move beings towards perfection. Philosophers consider the instinct of love of nature as the cause of the perfectionism of beings, but mysticism,which is based on self-denial, considers love and pain as its cause and astonishment, bewilderment and perdition in the beloved as its end. Philosophers have interpreted this view of existence and its events in terms of the system. On this basis, God has acted in the best and most complete way in delivering every possible being to His existential end. The above issues are of great philosophical and mystical importance for research and analysis. In this research, with the help of library and analytical-descriptive method, the subject was studied from the perspective of mysticism philosophy. The conclution is that the more a creature has love and enlightenment, the closer would be to the real existence and the world of unity and the farther from the world of love. Pluralities and conflicts are closer and have less existence and luminosity. Manuscript profile -
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58 - Study of Anthropomorphism of God in the works of Sanaei and Attar from a Cognitive Point of View
Lida Paydar Jahandoost Sabzalipour Khodabakhsh Asadollahi Thorollah Norouzi DavoodKhaniSpiritual, sacred, and religious matters are things that human beings always have to use metaphors to understand. It is the property of the human mind that it cannot recognize conceptual and abstract matters without the help of instances of physics. Today, the cognitive MoreSpiritual, sacred, and religious matters are things that human beings always have to use metaphors to understand. It is the property of the human mind that it cannot recognize conceptual and abstract matters without the help of instances of physics. Today, the cognitive sciences, including cognitive linguistics, have analyzed many of the metaphors used in human language and have shown how human beings understand the affairs of existence. The purpose of this study is to examine the human -based metaphor of God, in order to show with a cognitive approach how God has been conceptualized in the minds of two poets of the Persian language, namely Sanaei and Attar. For this purpose, in the books of these two poets, all the verses have been extracted in which human deeds and attributes have been mentioned to God and each of them has been mentioned in the article. The results of this study show that in the minds of these two poets, God is common: the king, the beloved, the craftsman, the host, the butler and the warrior, and in addition, in the Sanaei mind, God is: hairdresser, builder, baker, writer, leader; and in Attar's mind, God is the hunter, the juggler, the mirror worker, the commander, the weaver, and the painter. In this study, the face, waist, hair, lips, pupils, mouth, etc. are the organs that have been used along with evidence to prove the personification metaphor. Manuscript profile -
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59 - The Study of Semiology in Mantiq-Al-Tayr of Attar
Maryam Parvaresh Ali Asghar Soltani Mohammad Javad HejaziThe semiology considers all the signs which are used in language and literary works. The main tool of literature is language and language is the united set of signs. The poet or writer deals with the language signs because of his/her usage of the language. This article MoreThe semiology considers all the signs which are used in language and literary works. The main tool of literature is language and language is the united set of signs. The poet or writer deals with the language signs because of his/her usage of the language. This article tries to explore the semiology of mystique and mythological elements in Manṭiq-Al-Ṭayr by the analytical-descriptive method. The present research has concluded that Aṭṭār has used the birds as signs or mystique and mythological elements to express the concepts of mystique. The main important element is Simorgh which is used for the truth of the essence of God. Also, other birds are signs of the class of mystics Manuscript profile -
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60 - Imam Ali (AS)'s Altruistic mage in Thought of Attar and Rumi
Bashir Ashrafi Qorban emiThe present study, using a descriptive-analytical method, has examined the altruistic and self-sacrificing image of Imam Ali (as) in the thought of Attar and Rumi. The study of their works shows that the reason why modern humans favor their ideas derives from their emph MoreThe present study, using a descriptive-analytical method, has examined the altruistic and self-sacrificing image of Imam Ali (as) in the thought of Attar and Rumi. The study of their works shows that the reason why modern humans favor their ideas derives from their emphasis on human dignity and value and its most important manifestation is to love and serve human being, altruism. In their works, in addition to the sincere eulogy of Imam Ali (AS) and the expression of his attributes, they both refer to the major events of his life, expressing the kind and sacrificial character of him that God says about him: "And some people sacrifice their lives to gain God's favor." They praised Imam Ali (as) as a great model of moral virtues, especially love, sincerity, altruism and self-sacrifice, and encouraged people to follow him. Because he, who according to Attar is "the mountain of sorrow and the door of knowledge and the center of religion", considers the first principle in associating with people as love, respect and friendship of others and addresses the Malik: "Fill your heart with people's affection and their friendship and favor". "In fact, his practical life has been full respect and trust in others." Rumi also called him "the pride of every prophet and every saint" and called him the master of all believing men and women, who always considered altruism as one of the important principles of his teachings and his heart was full of loving people and guiding them. Manuscript profile -
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61 - تحلیل و بررسی گامهای روانشناختی در منطقالطیر با استناد به روانشناسی تحلیلی یونگ
Kheirollah Mahmoodi Marjan Sadeghzadeh Samira Qezelbeiglou -
Open Access Article
62 - Mystical analysis of self-knowledge in in Attar Neishabouris Mantiq al-Tair
Seyeddeh Pargol Shamsi Ali Akbar Afrasiabpour Ali FathollahiSelf-knowledge is one of the most important human needs; Different schools have dealt with it in some way. In Islamic mysticism, special attention has been paid to this issue; According to mystics, man reaches growth and perfection in the light of self-knowledge and ach MoreSelf-knowledge is one of the most important human needs; Different schools have dealt with it in some way. In Islamic mysticism, special attention has been paid to this issue; According to mystics, man reaches growth and perfection in the light of self-knowledge and achieving knowledge of God is possible only through self-knowledge. Attar Neyshabouri is one of the thinkers who tried to make self-knowledge the theme of literary-mystical works put yourself. Understanding the view of this Muslim mystic on the subject of self-knowledge can, on the one hand, pave the way for further research in this field, on the other hand, provide appropriate answers to the questions raised in this field. This study has examined the category of "self-knowledge" from the perspective of the great Muslim mystic, Attar Neyshabouri, in the Mantiq al-Tair; for this study, a descriptive method with content analysis has been adopted. The library method was used to collect information. Descriptive methods and rational reasoning have been used to analyze the findings. First, a brief review of the book Mantiq al-Tair and the importance and place of self-knowledge in this work has been done. The reciprocity of man and God, the essence of matter and the way to deal with it are discussed in the logic of the bird. Manuscript profile -
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63 - The “Other” in Attar’s Tazkirat al-Awliya
Mohammad Reza Haji Agha BabaeiOne of the important aspects of studying any narrative text is the presence of other (non-main) influential characters and factors in the text, collectively referred to as the Other. The concept of the Other is broad and includes human characters and non-human elements MoreOne of the important aspects of studying any narrative text is the presence of other (non-main) influential characters and factors in the text, collectively referred to as the Other. The concept of the Other is broad and includes human characters and non-human elements such as nature or supernatural issues. Attar's Tazkirat al-Awliya is one of the most prominent mystical texts in which the biographies of mystics and their experiences and virtues are presented. Studying this book from the point of view of the concept of the Other, we realize that an āref (mystic) is confronted with various factors in his mystical journey, and this is what leads to the mystic's existential transcendence and a better understanding of his "self". In the book, the Other appears in the form of God, other mystics, ordinary people, Satan and the mystic's own ego, animals, and objects, each of which, in a special way, seeks to inform the mystic or inform others of his position. From this point of view, what we understand in the study of Tazkirat al-Awliya that although the Other stands in opposition to the mystic’s self, we do not witness any conflict between the mystic and the Other; rather, all these confrontational relationships make the mystic aware of his position, and the Other assumes a guiding function. Manuscript profile -
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64 - A Comparative Analysis of al-Hallaj’s Portrait in Tazkirat al-Awliya and Kashf ul Mahjoob from Point View Of Mysticism
Hamid Aliikordkalaii Hosein FamiliansorakiHussein ibn Mansur al-Hallaj –bereaved mystic of 3rd (A.H.) century- has a high position in Sufism. In some Sufism books and treatises, have mentioned his sayings, spirits, and ideas and he has been criticized because of his Shath-like words –An al-hagh (mea MoreHussein ibn Mansur al-Hallaj –bereaved mystic of 3rd (A.H.) century- has a high position in Sufism. In some Sufism books and treatises, have mentioned his sayings, spirits, and ideas and he has been criticized because of his Shath-like words –An al-hagh (means: I’m God)- commonly. Hujwiri in Kashf ul Mahjoob and Attar in Tazkirat al-Awliya have devoted one chapter of their books to his mention. This article tries to explore al-Hallaj portrait in these two books by the descriptive-analytical method and also a comparative point of view. This research concludes that Hujwiri has depicted the portrait of al-Hallaj which is not confirmed completely by him, because of his approach of Sahv. He just confirms al-Hallaj’s religion and miracles and believes that he isn’t Hululi and his sayings are capable of interpretation. On the contrary, Attar depicts the sacred portrait of al-Hallaj, because of his strong tendency to Sufism. He implicitly declares that al-Hallaj’s mistake is to make public God’s secrets. Manuscript profile -
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65 - "Hawk" Symbolism as an Archetype in Mystical Literature (Case Of study: Attar’s Mantegh Al-Tair and Rumi’s Masnavi)
Nasrin Ghadamgahi Sani Reza Ashrafzadeh Mahyar Alavi MoghadamIn creation myths narrated by many human races, creation itself begins with "word" and "speech". Myth and archetypes accompany the human viewpoint from the beginning to infinity and beyond. Among them, birds have a place in the symbolism of the archetypes e.g. the hawk MoreIn creation myths narrated by many human races, creation itself begins with "word" and "speech". Myth and archetypes accompany the human viewpoint from the beginning to infinity and beyond. Among them, birds have a place in the symbolism of the archetypes e.g. the hawk archetype is related to the sun. In Attar’s and Rumi’s point of view it is a symbol of human movement in herbal and animal entities, an index to fly to the sanctum, and a journey into the unknown. In the following study Attar by using the symbol of hawk, pays attention to the two dimensions of good and evil and deals with man in an instructive way and wants men to leave his attachment to the world and then go into a higher stage than accompaniment with kings and their position, even the position of their heart until he reaches Simorgh. Rumi completes the human dimension in his mystical- Didactic view by looking at the myth-archetype and the way Attar's stories are processed. In completing the journey, the birds are given as examples and the hawk provides the example of a perfect human. According to Rumi’s works the perfect human being including the people of his time such as Shams Tabrizi, Hosam Al-Din Chalabi and religious myths that originate from the Mohammadiah Truth, such as Ali (AS). In this paper, by mentioning the evidence, we have done the library method inductively. Manuscript profile -
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66 - The Connection between "Guardianship", "Femininity", and "Perfect Human" in Sheikh Sanân Story and in Ibn Arabi’s Mysticism
Mohammadreza Pashaee Saeed Ghasemi PorshokouhMantiq al- Tair is a symbolic fable which the story of sheikh Sanân in it is the story of a pious elder man and it consists of mystic points such as, this story is a practical suffice mystic that Attâr explains in form of symbolic tale. This research is anal MoreMantiq al- Tair is a symbolic fable which the story of sheikh Sanân in it is the story of a pious elder man and it consists of mystic points such as, this story is a practical suffice mystic that Attâr explains in form of symbolic tale. This research is analytical and descriptive method by accenting on library studies in sheikh sanân and Ibn Arabi’s mystic, emphasizes on and compare three subjects of the ascension, Fiminity and perfect human and we result sheikh Sanân is symbol of human, a row human who should pass from the rank of human spirit in order to earn of his perfection. Although, the perfect human for arriving to rand of actual perfect human and special guardian should pass from of Feminity too and this passage is because of true perfect human or holy prophet. This is expressing that the perfection of any perfect human in history is for true perfect human. Manuscript profile -
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67 - A study on Mystical Thoughts of Attar Neyshaburi
Jafar Havasi Seyyed Ahmad Hosseini Kazerooni Farzaneh Yousef GhanbariSheikh Farid Al-Din Attar Neishaburi (618-540 AH) is the creator of some mystical masnavis such as Mantiq Al-Tayr, Mosibat Nameh, Elahi Nameh and Asrar Nameh. These works contain his mystical thoughts in a mysterious language. This article focuses on the mystical though MoreSheikh Farid Al-Din Attar Neishaburi (618-540 AH) is the creator of some mystical masnavis such as Mantiq Al-Tayr, Mosibat Nameh, Elahi Nameh and Asrar Nameh. These works contain his mystical thoughts in a mysterious language. This article focuses on the mystical thoughts of Attar and aims at explaining the views and opinions of Attar Neishabouri on various mystical issues. The existence of contradictions and paradoxes, the famous mystical thought of "Die before death", the mystical story of Sheikh San'an, the discussion of repentance, the likeness of the divine essence, the unity of the existence of all the mystical mysteries which are mentioned in the works of Attar, especially in the mentioned works. Attempts have been made to present a comprehensive discussion in the descriptive and analytical way of these mystical thoughts and topics, providing examples and poetic evidences and explaining them. Manuscript profile -
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68 - کارکرد عرفانی نماد رنگ در مثنویهای عطار نیشابوری
Seied Hasan Seied Torabi -
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69 - Study of Differences between the Mystical Ghazal of Attar and Mewlana with the Quasi- Mystical Ghazal of Sa’adi and Hafez
Ali Akbar Bezi ahmadreza keikhafarzaneh Mostafa salariThe mystical poetry of Attar and Mewlana is the mystical poetry of the present, as they have told their experiences, and discoveries in the language of poetry, But Sa’adi's and Hafiz's mystical poetry is based on what they have learned, and they have composed poem MoreThe mystical poetry of Attar and Mewlana is the mystical poetry of the present, as they have told their experiences, and discoveries in the language of poetry, But Sa’adi's and Hafiz's mystical poetry is based on what they have learned, and they have composed poems with mystical themes. On the other hand, love is a phenomenon: it transforms all the emotions and currents of the lover, and makes him a new character; it takes over her, and it takes on a variety of effects to suit each individual. Love in the philosophical and logical sense is indefinable. Attar, Mewlana, Hafiz and Sa’adi are the best poets who have spoken about love. In their poems, they have used "certain interpretations" that signify their passion for love. The spirit of Attar's love is suffering, and the spirit of Mewlana's love is joy and passion and hope. Hafiz combines the two worlds of human and spiritual love, and in every lover's manifestation, Sa’adi seeks to know its creator. Considering the importance of the issue of love, this article: Love and its themes are examined in Divan of these great poets. Manuscript profile -
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70 - A Comparative Study of the Symbol’s Types of Avicenna’s Resalat-Al-Tair and Attar’s Manṭiq-uṭ-Ṭayr
Saeed Farzaneh Fard Farzaneh DastmardFrom time immemorial, symbolism has been a way of telling stories and myths. This statement also applies to ancient Persian literature in Iran. The socio-cultural movement of mysticism and Sufism required a certain kind of language so that it would not be easy for those MoreFrom time immemorial, symbolism has been a way of telling stories and myths. This statement also applies to ancient Persian literature in Iran. The socio-cultural movement of mysticism and Sufism required a certain kind of language so that it would not be easy for those who are unfamiliar with these concepts to understand its deep meanings. Avicenn in his Resalat-Al-Tair and Attar in Manṭiq-uṭ-Ṭayr, used symbols to express the secondary concepts that are specific to the realm of mysticism. The present article, in an analytical descriptive manner, compares the types of symbols in the two texts. The results of the present study indicate that Ibn Sina and Attar both used the symbol to express mystical concepts, in such a way that these two works can be considered as symbolic stories with mystical colors. Most of the symbols of these two works, especially the logic of the bird, are among the symbolic (conventional) symbols. In the sense that it is the result of the initiative and creativity of Ibn Shina and Attar. Apart from this, traditional (general) symbols can also be found in these two works. Manuscript profile -
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71 - Study and Comparison of Mystical Themes in Poems of Attar Nishapuri and Ibn Farez
Yasna Saani mostafa salari Behrouz RomiaeeFariduddin Attar of Nishapur is one of the outstanding pinnacles of Islamic mysticism. Ibn Farez, too, is one of the great composers of Sufi poetry in the Arabian literature. Both have addressed the most significant and remarkable mystical themes and concepts in their m MoreFariduddin Attar of Nishapur is one of the outstanding pinnacles of Islamic mysticism. Ibn Farez, too, is one of the great composers of Sufi poetry in the Arabian literature. Both have addressed the most significant and remarkable mystical themes and concepts in their mentalities and poems. The poetry and thoughts of these two poets have vast similarities in common. Among the shared discussions among these mystical poets are monotheism, love, and so on. Therefore, due to the importance of mystical literature among Islamic nations, the points that is addressed in this paper is that the mystical themes applied in their poetry are extracted out of their poetry and has been analyzed and studied comparatively through the artistic language of Ibn Farez and Attar who belong to two different cultures and languages and nations and era, and then the similar and different aspects of mystical themes of their poetry from two different cultures are revealed Manuscript profile -
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72 - Analysis of the Category of Beauty in Attar's Thought with an Approach to Plotinus’ View
Masumeh Shakury Kuros Karimpasandi Naeimeh Kialashaki Maryam ShahmohammadySince eternity without beginning (Azal), human has never been able to take no notice of the sacred attribute of beauty. That’s why philosophers and theorists in the field of art and literature have always considered the category of beauty. Therefore, the present p MoreSince eternity without beginning (Azal), human has never been able to take no notice of the sacred attribute of beauty. That’s why philosophers and theorists in the field of art and literature have always considered the category of beauty. Therefore, the present paper aimed to analyze the equal terms of beauty in Attar’s poems based on descriptive and library studies, then compare it with Plotinus’ school of aesthetics and investigate the differences and similarities of their viewpoints. According to conducted research, Plotinus’ and Attar's thoughts collision showed that beauty is something graduated and whether in the sensible world or invisible world, it comprehends that human can fifure it out in three different aspects of beauty: by sensation, by intellect and by soul. The provoking point of their different thoughts is that Attar finds sorrow as a way to achieve the beauty of the beloved one but Plotinus believes that understanding of the happiness of the divine beauty is the basis of spiritual enjoyment. Moreover, Attar agrees with Plotinus' viewpoint and gives a religious and mystical feature to the category of beauty. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
73 - School of Protest in Attar's Totem
Seyedeh Sedigheh Sajadirad Ahmad ZakeriFrom the beginning of Persian poetry the essence of protest and social commitment is seen in the works of poets. The protest is a category of literature in which the enlightened mind expresses dissatisfaction with the status quo in order to express the problems of socie MoreFrom the beginning of Persian poetry the essence of protest and social commitment is seen in the works of poets. The protest is a category of literature in which the enlightened mind expresses dissatisfaction with the status quo in order to express the problems of society and intellectual and consciousness. The committed poets respond with indifference by virtue of the mission and responsibility they feel on their own depending on the conditions of the various abnormalities they see especially in the social and political structure.Attar is a protest critic who not only does not hide in his sharp eyes not only the least slip of people, rulers, leaders and imams of society but even sometimes he does not see the system of creation as good order and curses it clicks on it from the tongue of rabble. The protest accounted for a considerable percentage of the tales of Attar's Masnavi and has a long history in Islamic culture and each of the scholars of the Islamic world has expressed their protest in a particular way from a special point of view. One can say that the most prominent dimension of the personality of the guilty people in the writings of Attar is that they are in fact the language of social protest and social criticism of the society of the disputed age of the seventh and eighth century. In this paper, it is tried to identify the social context and factors that influence the formation of the personality of the unreasonable rationales in the era of Attar and its relation to the school of protest and the most important character of the mad wise of Attar age that is "being protesting and social critic" in some of his stories is considered as an example. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
74 - Confrontation between Ascetic and Romantic Mysticisms in Tazkirat al-Awliya of Attar
Fatemeh Bagherizade khayavi Reaza Aghayari Zahed Ali RamezaniTazkirat al-Awliya of Attar is one of the leading sources in the knowledge of the various mystics of the ages of the 1st. of Hijri until the time of the author (7th. century). In this book, the life of 97 elders of Sufism, each of which was related to a mystical mission MoreTazkirat al-Awliya of Attar is one of the leading sources in the knowledge of the various mystics of the ages of the 1st. of Hijri until the time of the author (7th. century). In this book, the life of 97 elders of Sufism, each of which was related to a mystical mission, has been studied. The study of Mashayekh’s attitude is a way of understanding various mystical thoughts and can be a reliable document in the study of the mystic philosophy. In this paper, the components of ascetic mysticism and romantic mysticism are reviewed from the narratives and narrations of the Tazkirat al-Awliya. Attar has not made a specific classification of the intellectual tendencies, and has mentioned each one's respectful attitude. But the study of the contradictions of love and ascetic mysticism in their lives shows that the Awliya’s react to each other's ideas, and Shari’a, dignity, and wisdom are the main issues of the main conflict. Adherence to the Shari'a is the principle in ascetic Awliyas where the elements of love mysticism is not seen. But in the words of the romantic Awliya, bypassing the ascetic mysticism, sometimes perform non-religious acts. Also, the compassion for the devil, the apostasy, the belief in Sama’e, the rejection of apparent dignity, has come to the mind of the romance, who is not in a state of inferiority. The common theme in the Awliya's words in the ascetic and romantic mysticisms is the anti-Semitic world in which all of them are considered. I consider Attar to be in the group of romance mysticism, and this trend has also been shown in Tazkirat. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
75 - The aesthetic analysis of mythological contradictions in Attar's poems
Atie Mashaheri Fard Mohammad VeysiAbstract Contradiction and Conflict are an important theme within the field of philosophy and mysticism. One could argue that dichotomies are necessary categories without which the world can’t be apprehended. In addition to extending the capacity of meaning, Contr MoreAbstract Contradiction and Conflict are an important theme within the field of philosophy and mysticism. One could argue that dichotomies are necessary categories without which the world can’t be apprehended. In addition to extending the capacity of meaning, Contradiction and Conflict have an outstanding role in aesthetics of literary text. Mythical oppositions are one of the frequent elements in Attar’s poem. Analyzing the mythical opposition in Attar’s poems, it has been tried in present paper to clarify the role of mythical opposition in beauty creation and to make it clear how and in what ways the aesthetic aspect have strengthened poetry. The results of this analysis show that the aesthetic value of the mythological contradictions is due to the types of emotions that are being transmitted to the audience. The mythical oppositions in Attar's poetry convey emotion to the audience in two ways and thereby create aesthetic pleasure in him: 1- through representation and allegory; 2- through the creation of a sense of oneness and unity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
76 - An Investigation into Aesthetic Aspects of Allegory in the Tales of Attar's Musibat-Nama
ashraf roshandel shahrokh hekmat mohamadreza zamanahmadiThe use of allegory in Persian language and literature has a long history and it is highly useful in explaining intellectual, mental and abstract ideas to the audience. Examining various dimensions of allegory is a big step toward identifying the works of Attar, especia MoreThe use of allegory in Persian language and literature has a long history and it is highly useful in explaining intellectual, mental and abstract ideas to the audience. Examining various dimensions of allegory is a big step toward identifying the works of Attar, especially that of Musibat-Nama. This work is about the mystical journey of the seeker of the knowledge, with Attar, in this allegorical tale, attempting to take the seekers of the truth through this mystical journey to Allah with his mystical teachings and special techniques. Amid the tales, some good examples of allegorical tales, exemplum, allegorical simile, allegorical metaphor and oslub-e moadele (a type of allegory) can be seen. This article tries to find how Attar has drawn upon allegory and its different types to present mystical and ethical concepts and better explain these notions to the audience in this work. It was found that among allegorical tales, the parable and oslub-e moadele have the highest and lowest frequency respectively since the poet is not to decorate speech but aims to express mystical states and perceptions. The current article has been carried out using library research method and note taking and has answered to some ambiguities and questions through a descriptive-analytical method and the gathered data. Manuscript profile -
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77 - مدینۀ فاضله درالهی نامه عطار
راضیه رضازاده نسرین قدمگاهی ثانی رضا اشرف زاده -
Open Access Article
78 - بررسی بلاگردانی در آثار منظوم عطار با رویکرد اسطوره ای
فاطمه حجه فروش مرتضی رزاق پور رضا صادقی شهپر -
Open Access Article
79 - نقش دین و اخلاق در دنیای آرمانی عطارنیشابوری
راضیه رضازاده رضا اشرف زاده بتول فخر اسلام -
Open Access Article
80 - بحث و بررسی «هوش هیجانی» با تکیه بر منطقالطّیر عطّار
ماریا موسوی فاطمه شیخلووند محمد فرهمند محمد نریمانی -
Open Access Article
81 - بررسی و تحلیل محتوایی مناجاتهای الهینامه عطار نیشابوری
محمد مصطفی رسالت پناهی مژگان محمدی -
Open Access Article
82 - نماد شناسی رمز« باز» در منطقالطّیر عطار و مثنوی معنوی مولوی
رضا اشرف زاده نسرین قدمگاهی مهیار علوی مقدم -
Open Access Article
83 - آزادی و آزادگی در مثنویهای عطار
زهرا حسینی سیدعلی سینا رخشنده مند -
Open Access Article
84 - Woman's Face in Sufis Poem (Sanaie, Attar and Jami)
یدالله Bahmani Motlagh علی SharbatiThe woman as a half of the human society has a special place in the new studies. Viewing the great development in attitudes to the main social elements that exist in present time, it is necessary to study the views of different classes of society about woman for knowing MoreThe woman as a half of the human society has a special place in the new studies. Viewing the great development in attitudes to the main social elements that exist in present time, it is necessary to study the views of different classes of society about woman for knowing her more generally and accurately. Sufis (mystics) for the high and positive position that they have among the various classes of society, their views has a special importance. In this essay it is tried to analyze the face of woman from the view of greets Sufis like sanaie, attar and Jami. What is understood from the first view is that they receive most of their thoughts from the high education of Quran and the prophet's tradition. In the second stage, we understand from the result of this essay that their positive and probably negative view about women is not personal and emotional. But as we see some examples of them in Quran and the speech of the greats of religion, is often reaction against negative and in appropriate individual behavior and the roles that some women have played. The criticism of in correct human behavior, not themselves, is confirmed today from the psychological view. The negative impact with inappropriate behavior and negative character of individuals is something that does not allocate to woman kind. There are many people that we had a bad memory of them in Quran like Abojahl and Abolahab. Our great mystics, according to the conditions of time and the speech position, sometimes introduce women as a model and pattern that men should learn from them the lesson of manliness, reliance and devotion. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
85 - Psychological analysis of Simorgh story of Attar Neyshaburi according to Maslow’s theory of need
golnia saed Fateh SohrabiStudying the mystic literature of our historical culture and comparing them with modern psychological theories is an interesting context that has being in the scope of attention for many decades. One of this matters is about similarities between mystic and its steps wit MoreStudying the mystic literature of our historical culture and comparing them with modern psychological theories is an interesting context that has being in the scope of attention for many decades. One of this matters is about similarities between mystic and its steps with humanistic theories of psychologists. For this end, the aim of this study is to consider the Simorgh Story of Attar Neyshabouri with Maslow’s Hierarchical Theory of Needs. Maslow’s hierarchical theory of needs respectively contains physiological needs, safety need, Love and belongingness needs, respect and esteem needs, and self-actualization needs. The method of our study was conceptual analysis of the meaning of dialogues according to the aforementioned theory. Therefore, we considered the birds reasoning along with the story with the levels of need along with the Maslow's hierarchical theory and finally their concepts and contexts scrutinized. The results showed that the birds reasoning and opinions along with the Attar's story have accommodated with proposed needs of the Maslow’s theory. However, their context are difference, but their procedure are most resembles together. Also, except than the general materials, they have many common things in their details. So it can be said that the story of Simorgh could better understood if it put under the conceptual frame of Maslow's theory. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
86 - An Analysis of the Concept of the ‘Other’ in Attar’s The Conference of the Birds
narges salehi mohammad reza haji aqa babaeiMantiq Al-Tayr (The Conference of the Birds) is among the seminal irfanic (mystic) works which can be analyzed based on Bakhtin’s theory of dialogism and the concept of the ‘other’. Attar seeks to establish the position of the birds as the ‘self& MoreMantiq Al-Tayr (The Conference of the Birds) is among the seminal irfanic (mystic) works which can be analyzed based on Bakhtin’s theory of dialogism and the concept of the ‘other’. Attar seeks to establish the position of the birds as the ‘self’ and that of Simorgh or the divine nature as the ‘other’. The journey of the birds toward the Simorgh is a progress toward realizing the value of their existence, and after their spiritual progress, the birds gain a proper understanding of their identity and position. From an irfanic point of view, the world is nothing but divine nature; therefore, considering the binary distinction of the ‘self’ and the ‘other’ is invalid in irfanic thought. According to such a viewpoint, there is no ‘self’, and if man holds such a notion, it is because of his belongings and dependencies in the material world, and what is considered as spiritual progress is the journey toward gaining a new sense of the ‘self’, and realizing that there is no self, and that whatever there is, is Him. Therefore, there is never a conversation between the ‘self’ and ‘other’, and the irfanic viewpoint is essentially non-polyphonic (monologic). What is recognized in irfan (mysticism) and what the aref (holder of true knowledge) seeks to attain through his spiritual progress is denial of the self and manifesting the divine. That is what is known as tawhid (oneness) in irfan. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
87 - Reflecting elements of Hormesis school in poems Attar, Moiana, and Hafez
Mahmood taghi poor badr shahin ghasemi farzaneh sorkhiReflecting elements of Hormesis school in poems Attar, Moiana, and Hafez Hermeticism one of the oldest intellectual traditions it is in Iranian mysticism. Which its course through Dhul-Nun of Egyptian, and ibn Arabi To shahabuddin Suhravardi To Iranian poetry and lit MoreReflecting elements of Hormesis school in poems Attar, Moiana, and Hafez Hermeticism one of the oldest intellectual traditions it is in Iranian mysticism. Which its course through Dhul-Nun of Egyptian, and ibn Arabi To shahabuddin Suhravardi To Iranian poetry and literature has been established. Hermes or Hermeticism Philosophy which according to the writings of Hermes Trismegistu is created. Upcoming article with descriptive,analytical method and comparative.The research results show Effort has this capability that the objective and tangible world Man to the abstract world and transmits withinThe acti0ns of these three poets coherence of Hermetic mysticism with iranianMysticism it is in his poem. This approach useful works To improve the quality And a little of human lif brings. This essay has tried in some key topics such as,Klchemy, transformation, Manifestation, Abstraction and…Share the words of three poets. In writing this articie from direct sources such as Divan Attar, Maulawi s spiritual masnavi and Hafez s sonnets, Hermetic books and the Hermetic tradition used. According to this article sir Bin Maieh Hormesi In the poetic works of iraqi style, the result of inclusiveness the general Popularity of poets, in the 5th-9th centuries it has been seen in order of Manuscript profile -
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88 - Analysis and review of the narrative in "The Comprehensive Story of Attar's Tragedy with Emphasis on the Design and Plot, the Narrator" with an approach to the theory of "polyphony or polyphony" Bakhtin
Ameneh Batani batool Fakhre eslam mahdi Norooz farzad AbbasiPolyphony means the multiplicity of sounds and sounds and refers to a discourse in which several sounds are heard at the same time. Like music that, although made up of different melodies, these melodies are played at the same time to create the final tone and melody. T MorePolyphony means the multiplicity of sounds and sounds and refers to a discourse in which several sounds are heard at the same time. Like music that, although made up of different melodies, these melodies are played at the same time to create the final tone and melody. The Logic of Conversation and the Concept of Discourse Gohar is the essence of Bakhtin's thought in the field of "philosophical anthropology". The main issue and purpose of this article is to study and analyze the dialogue and logic of conversation with emphasis on "plot and plot", "narrator, character" in the comprehensive narrative of the tragedy and the levels that the seeker of thought encounters. . Attar's symphony and dialogue logic are manifested in forty positions. The logic of conversation in the comprehensive narrative is an attempt to know individuals, not only through dialogue with others, but also their empathetic presence with themselves and others. The views and thoughts of the characters, which may belong to conflicting ideologies, are on a par with the author's views, and all are equally important. In Attar's phonetic symphony, actors from any selected class, position and position can play their chords, and finally, these sounds lead to a better awareness and understanding of the melody of existence and reaching the position of nearness to God. Clearly able to demonstrate the concept of polyphony or polyphony. Manuscript profile -
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89 - A study and comparison of the love of the devil and man for the God of Truth (relying on mystical works such as: Attar's theological letter and the preparations of the same judges of Hamedani)
Mehdi Nosrati Shireen baqaiiLove is a generative balance, a balance that needs to be created and nurtured. Love gives both pain and pleasure to the seeker and seeker and is an experience of unity in the midst of contradictions. A contrast that is sometimes sweeter than honey and sometimes bitterer MoreLove is a generative balance, a balance that needs to be created and nurtured. Love gives both pain and pleasure to the seeker and seeker and is an experience of unity in the midst of contradictions. A contrast that is sometimes sweeter than honey and sometimes bitterer than poison; With all these descriptions, the lover loves it to reach his beloved. He fights and chews, that too with all his heart. Based on this, this research aims to examine and compare the love of the devil and man for the true God with a descriptive-analytical method and a library tool, and among these, considering the two valuable works of Sheikh Attar's Divine Book and Ain al-Qadat's Tahimidat. to show Which one has been the defender of the devil and his love and which one has been on the side of man and his love for his god, creator and lover. The results of the research show that in order to reach the truth, Attar and Ain al-Qadat consider love as a necessity for the seeker; Especially if this seeker is an ignorant man or a jealous devil. Also, both of them have considered love as a means of spiritual perfection and sometimes they have distinguished between the love of man towards God and the devil with strength or weakness and willingly and unwillingly. has warned. Manuscript profile -
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90 - The effectiveness of meaning and purpose in positivist psychology according to Seligman and its adaptation to Attar's poems
zahra jafary reza haydarinoori hooman namvarPositive psychology is one of the newest branches of psychology. This particular field of psychology focuses on human success. While many other branches of psychology focus on abnormal and disordered behaviors. Positive Psychology focuses on helping people to live happi MorePositive psychology is one of the newest branches of psychology. This particular field of psychology focuses on human success. While many other branches of psychology focus on abnormal and disordered behaviors. Positive Psychology focuses on helping people to live happily and satisfactorily and purposefully. This approach emphasizes the effect of purpose in life and living a meaningful life - which is beyond the good life - and considers it as one of the principles of happiness. Seligman is a psychoanalyst who in the theory of positivism pursues the goal of flourishing a purposeful and valuable life by creating conditions that nurture and enhance human capabilities. He is for people who do not know their abilities and capabilities. Provides advice and strategies for creating a meaningful and purposeful life that can also be explored in the field of mysticism. Scholars of literature and mystical literature using educational and religious teachings that are related to the psyche and interior of human beings. By cultivating the growth of human capabilities and virtues, they try to change human states, from contradictions and conflicts, and prepare the ground for human flourishing in different stages of life and create purpose and meaning in human evolution and valuable life.This article, using a descriptive-analytical method and using religious teachings, examines Attar's poems and adapts them to the theory of semantics in positivist psychology in providing ways to achieve peace and mental security of contemporary man. Attar and Seligman's human mission is to be a beacon for themselves and a seeker of light in their being. The seeker tries to know the meaning of life and to reach the core of his existence, to understand the passion and intoxication of existence, and this means to achieve genuine happiness and well-being that makes a purposeful person feel calm, secure and valuable. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
91 - Ontology in Attar’s Mystic Contemplation
Mohammad hossein khanmohammadi Mohammad Amir Obaydinya Fahri Omar SolaymanSince the advent of Islamic thought, the theme of “Essence” and “Existence,” their differences, which one is preceding and original and which one is credential and secondary, encloses the most essential philosophical notions and ideas in Islamic MoreSince the advent of Islamic thought, the theme of “Essence” and “Existence,” their differences, which one is preceding and original and which one is credential and secondary, encloses the most essential philosophical notions and ideas in Islamic thoughts. The classifying of two sections of “Existence,” and “Essence” that is introduced by Farabi and Ibn Sina into Islamic philosophy became a branch of traditional, established Scholastic philosophy both in East and West. This two part classification turned into the source of many philosophical subjects and problems in East and West. It included the issue of originality whether the Existence is original and Essence is credential or vice versa: Essence is original and Existence is credential? This issue formed the first and the most essential step in the ontological contemplation among Muslims. Nevertheless the vision of mystics on ontology can be indicated that the Islamic mystics propounded Pantheism in general. They believe that the universe and its components are all the shadow of the origin of Existence who is Almighty, or they are the mirror for the reflection of manifestation of Almighty. Attar is also a mystic and a poet of Monism whose ideology is based on Pantheism. His endorsement of this attitude is quite obvious in his works. This research besides the summery of the ideas and notions of philosophers and mystics on the ontology issue, includes the assessment of the evolution course of this attitude in Attar’s works. Manuscript profile -
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92 - Qalandari poetry and poet
Badriye GhavamiKalandari poetry is a branch of mystic poetry whose formal emergence is from Sanaie's poetry. From then on the domain of expansion of its is so that Kalandari concepts seen in the poems of the poets like khaghani and Anvari. Examining Sanā‟i and MoreKalandari poetry is a branch of mystic poetry whose formal emergence is from Sanaie's poetry. From then on the domain of expansion of its is so that Kalandari concepts seen in the poems of the poets like khaghani and Anvari. Examining Sanā‟i and Attār 's Ghazals as the most prominent instances of Qalandari poems illustrates major features of Qalandari thoughts as well as these poets characters and the language of Qalandari poems. Observing these terminologies which is the result of a serious investigation in this field will in any way show the degree of imitation of some 8th century poets. Manuscript profile -
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93 - A Comparative study of satirical tricks in Attar's Masnavi
masoomeh mousazadeh Dr.maryam mohammadzadeh Dr.ramin sadeginejad Although Persian prose and poetry had not reached to its climax and flourishment in Attar’s era, historically we can call this era the most sensitive time due to the frequency of unpleasant incidents and events. In this era, there were all types of chaos an More Although Persian prose and poetry had not reached to its climax and flourishment in Attar’s era, historically we can call this era the most sensitive time due to the frequency of unpleasant incidents and events. In this era, there were all types of chaos and poverty and unexpected events. No one can claim not to feel disappointment and regret after investigating the incidents happened in this era. Although it seems that Attar was in spiritual and mysticism world and did not pay attention to what was happening around, he had many complaints and unpleasant feelings about events happening. Chaotic political and social incidents during 6th century created a wave of protests in Attar’s thoughts. But since he could not express such protests directly, he has included a series of tortures imposed on oppressed people in the form of satire. Therefore, the present research has used a descriptive-analytic method with the help of evidences from the texts of his works and emphasizing at verbal arts utilized by him such as contradictions, surprises, position collapse, allegory, paradox, symbolism, emblem, and … to investigate about this type of literary trick in poems composed by Attar. Findings showed that content techniques have had a very important role in creating the works of this poet regarding the functions. Manuscript profile -
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94 - Comparing the stages of journey and mystical journey in the works of Attar and Imam Khomeini
Dr.farhad kakarashThe mystics have spoken at various times about how they walk. This article deals with the comparative analysis of the views of Attar Neishabouri and Imam Khomeini on travel and the stages of journey and journey. Both the mystics give a degree to the course o MoreThe mystics have spoken at various times about how they walk. This article deals with the comparative analysis of the views of Attar Neishabouri and Imam Khomeini on travel and the stages of journey and journey. Both the mystics give a degree to the course of the course, although there are differences of opinion between them regarding the explanation and explanation. The important point is that both mystics have been working towards a common goal, and that the expression of mysticism is in a language that is in the habit of understanding ordinary people because, as both mystics, mysticism is a necessity of human life in all ages, and stepping in this direction all aspects of human life Therefore, it must be eradicated from the particular difficulties and complexities of science, so that the whole human society can be learned. In this research, the descriptive-analytic method, the stages of journey and mystic journey in the works of the writings of Attar and Imam Khomeini have been compared, and the concepts, common and contrastive words in these two, have been identified. Manuscript profile -
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95 - Comparing the stages of journey and mystical journey in the works of Attar and Imam Khomeini
Farhad Kakarash dr.sobhan shafeiyan The mystics have spoken at various times about how they walk. This article deals with the comparative analysis of the views of Attar Neishabouri and Imam Khomeini on travel and the stages of journey and journey. Both the mystics give a degree to More The mystics have spoken at various times about how they walk. This article deals with the comparative analysis of the views of Attar Neishabouri and Imam Khomeini on travel and the stages of journey and journey. Both the mystics give a degree to the course of the course, although there are differences of opinion between them regarding the explanation and explanation. The important point is that both mystics have been working towards a common goal, and that the expression of mysticism is in a language that is in the habit of understanding ordinary people because, as both mystics, mysticism is a necessity of human life in all ages, and stepping in this direction all aspects of human life Therefore, it must be eradicated from the particular difficulties and complexities of science, so that the whole human society can be learned. In this research, the descriptive-analytic method, the stages of journey and mystic journey in the works of the writings of Attar and Imam Khomeini have been compared, and the concepts, common and contrastive words in these two, have been identified. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
96 - Strategies to Deal with the Ego by Emphasizing the Two Concepts of Voluntary Death and Annihilation (Comparative Examination of Rumi and Attar's views)
Hakimeh Kahsari Masoud Mahdian Malihe MahdaviThe concept of self and its struggle with reason and spirit is one of the most important topics of mysticism and reaching the truth. The important issue is that the ego has indicators and functions that challenge the achievement of the truth and make a person regress. F MoreThe concept of self and its struggle with reason and spirit is one of the most important topics of mysticism and reaching the truth. The important issue is that the ego has indicators and functions that challenge the achievement of the truth and make a person regress. For this reason, mystics in their works, while explaining the threats and malfunctions of the ego, provide practical solutions for success in the conflict between reason and ego and have reached their true lover. This article tries to investigate the dysfunctions of the ego from the perspective of Molavi and Attar and the solutions of the article using the comparative method. The main question of this article is: "How did Rumi and Attar explain the bad functions of the Ego and what strategies were proposed to combat it?" The authors' hypothesis emphasizes the fact that Rumi and Attar draw the soul to predatory animals, inviting man to austerity and grooming the soul. The findings showed that the key concept of Rumi to fight against the ego and achieve the truth is "optional death" which three stages are necessary for its occurrence. The same concept is "Annihilation" in Attar's poems, in which the seeker must go through four stages to realize it. Manuscript profile -
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97 - A comparative study of two concepts Fatalism and Free will with Emphasis on Rumi and Attar Poems
Ahmad Mahalmani Abolfazl Ebrahimi Soosan NarimaniThe two concepts of Fatalism and Free will are the most important concepts raised in jurisprudence, philosophy and mystical literature which apart from philosophers, great poets such as Rumi, Sanai, Attar, Hafez, and Saadi have addressed it in their poetry and prose wor MoreThe two concepts of Fatalism and Free will are the most important concepts raised in jurisprudence, philosophy and mystical literature which apart from philosophers, great poets such as Rumi, Sanai, Attar, Hafez, and Saadi have addressed it in their poetry and prose works.This issue becomes more important when in the history of Islam, two schools of Ash'ariyya and Mu'tazila have been established to defend Fatalism and Free will and have put forward numerous arguments to accept or reject them. This article with the purpose of comparative analysis of the two concepts of Fatalism and Free will with emphasis on the poems of Rumi and Attar. The main question of this article is: "How the two concepts of Fatalism and Free will can be analyzed in the poems of Rumi and Attar?" The hypothesis of the authors implies that the concepts of Fatalism and Free will have a special prominence in the poems of Rumi and Attar and that both poets have addressed these two concepts and have tried to analyze them with their own reasons. The findings by using the comparative method showed that the frequency of the concept of Free will in Rumi's poets is much higher than the concept of Fatalism while the frequency of Fatalism in Attar's poets is much wider than the concept of Free will. Therefore, in the course of mysticism, Rumi's poems represent voluntarism and Attar's poems represent Fatalism. Manuscript profile -
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98 - مقایسۀ اندیشه های عرفانی در نامه های عین القضات همدانی ومصیبت نامۀ عطار نیشابوری
عبدالعلی اویسی کهخا سبیکه اسفندیار -
Open Access Article
99 - Investigation of "Patience and Love" in Attar's Mantiq Al-Tayr
Atefeh Azizi Batoul Fakhr EslamSheikh Farid al-Din Attar Neyshaburi, Mystic poet of the sixth century and the early seventh century selects the language of love, draws human’s attention to the eternal beloved and presents love as companion of lover in seven cities of love, because he believes t MoreSheikh Farid al-Din Attar Neyshaburi, Mystic poet of the sixth century and the early seventh century selects the language of love, draws human’s attention to the eternal beloved and presents love as companion of lover in seven cities of love, because he believes that faith in the divine covenant is always and everywhere necessary for moving to God and the way is for sure through tears and fire and blood. Maybe in this dangerous way, the seeker must benefit from the power of patience with love so that he can overtake the valleys and achieves his purpose and target and in this burning way. The treatment is just tears and patience. According to the importance of patience and love in the poems of Attar we decided to consider terms "patience and love" in Attar’s Mantiq al-tayr, with an eye on the great poet’s thought. The highest frequency belongs to patience to see the beloved (waiting for linkage) that Tolerating it is one of the most difficult levels of patience for the lover and it can be confirmed that Attar says more about separation. Manuscript profile -
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100 - بررسی حرکت و تقابل در حکایت شیخ صنعان
مینا امانی سرور فلاحینژاد -
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101 - تحلیل بینامتنی «توبه» در غزلیات حافظ
فراست عسگری بهار بهارلو -
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102 - بررسی تطبیقی مفهوم درد در شعر عطار نیشابوری و حافظ شیرازی
بتول فخراسلام عطیه خراسانی -
Open Access Article
103 - Ethnobotany of medicinal plants among the northern counties local communities of Fars province
Roja Safaeian Elahe Niknam simakaniMedicinal plants constitute a high percentage of plant species in Iran. There are still unknown types of drugs that still use from the past years until now to. Due to the increasing demand for herbal medicines and the human desire to use them instead of chemicals need f MoreMedicinal plants constitute a high percentage of plant species in Iran. There are still unknown types of drugs that still use from the past years until now to. Due to the increasing demand for herbal medicines and the human desire to use them instead of chemicals need for research it seems necessary. The following study is considered in Abade, Khorambid, Bavanat and Pasargad. The questionaries were included plant local name, place of collection, parts used, season of harvest, medicinal uses, contraindications, how to prepare and method of use. Information on the use of plants was obtained by interviewing with 40 traditional herbalists. The data collected was analyzed by using quantitative indices in terms of the value of the use of the species (UV), informant consensus factor (ICF), and fidelity level (FL). The results showed that reported plants in the traditional shops belonging to 32 botanical families and 83 species. Lamiaceae was the most common family (20.7%), followed by the Asteraceae family (11%), then, Apiaceae (9.8%). In the present study, the results obtained from local communities showed that the use of medicinal plants is to relieve and cure digestive diseases. In this regard, the aerial parts of plants are more useful when consumed as herbal tea. Paying attention to these results shows the role of important of ethnobotanical studies in today's human life. Furthermore, this issue shows human need to the nature, pastures and its products in order to heal and relieve the spiritual and physical science. Manuscript profile -
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104 - A staylistic look at repetition and association in Mantegh Alteir
Masood Pakdel Monireh Mahfoozi MoosaviMantegh Alteir is a poem by Attar Neyshabouri and one of the most important mystical masterpieces of Persian language and literature. Considering that in stylistics it is very important to pay attention to frequencies and it is based on frequencies that the stylistic ch MoreMantegh Alteir is a poem by Attar Neyshabouri and one of the most important mystical masterpieces of Persian language and literature. Considering that in stylistics it is very important to pay attention to frequencies and it is based on frequencies that the stylistic characteristics of a poet or a work are determined. The logic of bird has been done, an attempt has been made to analyze the goals and methods of the poet's use of repetition and association. Considered the most important features of Attar's poetic style in the logic of bird; Because the high frequency of repetition and association indicates that the poet was interested in mentioning them successively. These repetitions, which can be seen both in word and in meaning, in addition to the beauty of the poem and the pleasantness of the music, have also highlighted the poem, the poet's emphasis on the importance of the subject and the literary taste of the readers. Manuscript profile -
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105 - The style of Rabi'a narrations in Attar's works
Zahra Sadat Taheri GhalenoThe fundamental questions of the research are: a) The stylistic-narrative components are explained based on which stylistic mechanisms of the narrative? and b) How do these components appear in narrative discourse? The results of the research showed that by analyzing th MoreThe fundamental questions of the research are: a) The stylistic-narrative components are explained based on which stylistic mechanisms of the narrative? and b) How do these components appear in narrative discourse? The results of the research showed that by analyzing the processes, the level of participation of the characters in the story is determined. The point of view in some stories is the third person of the reflector, in some the third person of the narrator, and in the story of "Intention to make the Kaaba of Rabia" the third person is the reflector-narrator. Descriptive suspense and delay are visible, for example in expressing the hardships of the Hajj journey and Rabia's fear of worldly possessions and self-deception.sometimes a mystic who teaches others and sometimes a seeker who learns by himself. The relations between actors or participants of the discourse are formed as an unequal, formal, public and equal relationship Manuscript profile -
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106 - .
hadi akbarzade seyede fateme majidi -
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107 - Methods of Persuasion in Attar's sonnets Based on Roman Jakobsen's theory of ''verbal communication process''
shahin GhasemiRoman Jakobson, one of the most prominent theorists of Russian formalism, in his theory of verbal communication model, stated that any verbal communication between the narrator and the narratee is based on six factors: sender, receiver, communication channel, contact, c MoreRoman Jakobson, one of the most prominent theorists of Russian formalism, in his theory of verbal communication model, stated that any verbal communication between the narrator and the narratee is based on six factors: sender, receiver, communication channel, contact, code and subject. One of the communication patterns in the recent model is the "persuasive role". The orientation of the message in the persuasive role is towards the audience and the speaker tries to communicate with the audience by using the sentences which are mostly command, prohibition and supplication. "Theme" and "audience" are seen in such a way that beyond each of the mentioned classifications, the poet uses language means to persuade the audience with a message. The present article uses descriptive-analytical method and library resources in order to examine the methods of persuasive ethics and its classifications in Attar's sonnets based on Roman Jakobson's theory of verbal communication. The results of the present study show that persuasion has a special place in Attar's sonnets it is mainly represented in three classifications: religious and wisdom, social, and cultural, and behind these roles. The poet encourages issues such as leaving the world, avoiding hypocrisy, happiness, and so on. In addition to paying attention to the theological points and figurative language that have created a lot of literary value for this work, the appropriate and frequent use of persuasion as an educational method has added to the didactic richness of his sonnets. Manuscript profile -
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108 - Muṣībat-Nāme by Attar Neyshaburi; A Mixture of Practical Ethics and Mysticism (Concentrating on Fable)
Parvin RezaeiAttar Neyshabouri's moral views and words in Persian poetry and prose are valuable and worthy for further reflection and more research. Though the mythical and linguistics characteristics of Attar's works have been mainly focused on, the moral and and didactic issues of MoreAttar Neyshabouri's moral views and words in Persian poetry and prose are valuable and worthy for further reflection and more research. Though the mythical and linguistics characteristics of Attar's works have been mainly focused on, the moral and and didactic issues of his works, especially in his Muṣībat-Nāme, have been less researched on. This article is going to perform a content and statistical analysis of Muṣībat-Nāme. The research seeks to answer the following questions: which themes, moral contents, and advice are more outstanding in Attar's mystical view in Muṣībat-Nāme? and is Attar's mysticism close to practical wisdom? Attar's concern was to elaborate virtues and warning and forbidding vices. Ethical and humanizing issues in educational and mystical literature are frequently recounted in the journey of the main character, i.e. Fekrat as a seeker. These themes were good temperament, fraternity, kindness, reflecting on afterlife and destiny, belief in mortality, forgiveness, justice of the king and ruler, love, servitude, modesty, trivializing the lust, avoiding lies and greed, invitation to fellowship and contentment, learning wisdom, sincerity, friendliness, despising the world, condemnation of the world and the self, observance of moderation in affairs, tolerance and patience. While narrating the mystical allegory of the journey for self-knowledge, Attar did not neglect the educational and moral anecdotes; And as far as possible, in the section of short anecdotes of this mystical prose, he considered ethics, moral virtues and preaching to follow them, condemning moral vices and avoiding from them. Another result of this research is that the expression of advice and educational topics of the short anecdote section in these forty essays (destination) is usually consistent with that section. For instance, during the narration of the seeker's journey to the soil, he spoke of humility and modesty, and during the journey to visit prophet Ibrahim (the God’s friend), he spoke of friendliness, fraternity and friendship. One important result of this research is that most of Attar's educational and advisory verses have been in short anecdotes and the sayings of Old man to Fekrat the seeker have more mystical aspects. Manuscript profile -
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109 - Comparative study of the educational aspects of two concepts of justice and love in the Attar`s Tazkerat ol-Awlia and Mantiq ot-Tayr
Seyede Maryam Rowzatian Fatemeh Sadat MadaniThere is no doubt that a significant part of the mystical works have emerged by educational goals and each of various writers and poets have regard to mysticism with a particular perspective. Some of them have handled a difficult language, so special people pay attentio MoreThere is no doubt that a significant part of the mystical works have emerged by educational goals and each of various writers and poets have regard to mysticism with a particular perspective. Some of them have handled a difficult language, so special people pay attention to them, but some others have used simple language, so they have widened their audience range. Attar Neishabouri is one of them. Although many works have been attributed to him, all of his works are seven. Using allegory and anecdotes is his favorite style. Therefore, we can find common concepts and anecdotes between Tazkerat ol-Awlia and his Masnavis which are based on numerous anecdotes. Among these works, in this study we focus on common anecdotes betwee Tazkerat ol-Awlia and Mantiq ot-Tayr. This study done within the two concepts: justice and the difference between unreal love and real love. The goal is to be shown that there are some difference between those two books for explaining these concepts. So it shows that which of these books has stronger educational aspects. This study will show that Attar has used different style in each book and he consciously changed his rhetoric to teach a concept. Manuscript profile -
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110 - Obstacles to perfection and ways to face them, in the logic of Altair Attar
Seyedeh Pargol Shamsi Ali Akbar Afrasiabpour Ali FathollahiThe path to reach Hazrate Haq is a long and winding path. In order to successfully cross this difficult passage, one must know the road obstacles well. The purpose of this research is to investigate the obstacles to human perfection and the way to face these obstacles i MoreThe path to reach Hazrate Haq is a long and winding path. In order to successfully cross this difficult passage, one must know the road obstacles well. The purpose of this research is to investigate the obstacles to human perfection and the way to face these obstacles in the Manteqolteyr of Attarnishabouri. The author has used the descriptive method with the content analysis method for writing and useing the descriptive and rational reasoning method to analyze the information. It is necessary to carry out this research because Attar has used a special method to express the obstacles to perfection and how to deal with them in Manteqolteyr, which is definitely more effective than others. In this research, any factor (from Attar's point of view) that prevents a person from attaining closeness to God is referred to as "obstacle". Based on the results of the study, factors such as: worldliness, egoism, status quo, ignorance, etc. are obstacles to God's approach and human perfection, and the seeker of God must know these obstacles and ways to face them; so that he can achieve true perfection. Manuscript profile -
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111 - The similarities of Attar's Views with Psychologists' Theories on Educational Methods
Hajar Jamali Mahin Panahi Ahmad SouriThe purpose of the present study is to search and express the commonalities of the theories of educational psychologists with Attar's views on educational methods. Both educational psychologists and Muslim thinkers and mystics, including Attar Neyshabouri, have paid att MoreThe purpose of the present study is to search and express the commonalities of the theories of educational psychologists with Attar's views on educational methods. Both educational psychologists and Muslim thinkers and mystics, including Attar Neyshabouri, have paid attention to the issue of human development and how it is. Attar is one of the greatest mystics of the sixth and early seventh centuries AH. His success in educating beginners (disciples) reveals the need to pay attention to his educational method. This research is a descriptive-analytical research. The method of collecting information is library-base and documentary. In order to achieve and analyze the results, a qualitative approach and content analysis strategy have been used. The statistical population of the research includes the full text of Attar Neyshabouri's books Mantiq al-Tair, Elāhināmeh and Misbatnāmeh.The main question of the research is which of the educational methods proposed in educational psychology has been used in these works and which of the methods used by Attar is close to the point of view of the educational psychologists. The findings show that several centuries ago, Attar used the methods that are presented today in the form of new theories of psychology to train educators. There are many theoretical similarities between Attar's educational methods and the theories of today's educational psychologists. The similarities of Attar's views with psychologists such as Rogers, Maslow, William James, John Dewey, Piaget, Brunner, Bandura, Luria, Vygotsky, Erickson, John Locke, Skinner, Thorndike, Ganymede and Gestalt psychologists are more than others.Key words: Farid al-Din Attar, Mantiq al-Tair, Elāhināmeh, Misbatnāmeh, Educational Methods, Educational Psychology Manuscript profile -
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112 - Life on the Circuit of Death (Moral consequences of dynamic death and Life-Seeking in the Attar's Asrarnameh)
Seyed Hamed Mousavi Jervekani hosein masjedi Mustafa Gorji mahdi zamaniOne of the main desires of man is yearning for life. But death threatens this desire continually. The problem is how man can reconcile these two, and what moral and emotional consequences such a challenge may have. Being confronted with this emotional and philosophical MoreOne of the main desires of man is yearning for life. But death threatens this desire continually. The problem is how man can reconcile these two, and what moral and emotional consequences such a challenge may have. Being confronted with this emotional and philosophical conflicts, men are divided into two groups: some incline to deny the life chance, while others wish to gain it. Believing in the dynamic death, Attar accepts life and death as two undeniable realities. He believed that pondering on these two realms adorn man's soul with virtues such as searching for the perfect, self-promotion, living a conscious life, controlling the sense of dependency, appreciating the life chance, enjoying life as much as it would be sufficient, paying attention to the moral values and farseeing. The picture of life in the eyes of a man demanding for life and believing in the dynamic death is portrayed in the images like prison, heating fire of the bathhouse, field and caravansary. These images indicate that man realize worldly life as a medium. Therefore, he would adjoin his will to his function to experience an ethical life. Manuscript profile -
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113 - Literary genres and poetic concepts in Attar's poems
Mohammad Reza Sarfi mahsa EsfandiariEach literary genre can contain other genres. Attars poems have different concepts and meanings as well as didactic aspect. Being aware of concepts and literary genres of these works and whether a frequency of a literary genres and special& MoreEach literary genre can contain other genres. Attars poems have different concepts and meanings as well as didactic aspect. Being aware of concepts and literary genres of these works and whether a frequency of a literary genres and special poetic concept are identical in all poems necessitate the investigating of these works team the literary genres point of view. Twenty-eight literary genres and poetic concepts were found by investigating and carful studying of four poems of attar (elahi nam-e ,asrar nam-e,manteq-al-teir,mosibat nam-e) and as a resalt the exact statistics of each kinds and concepts in each poem and also overlapping of them with each other were concluded. Manuscript profile -
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114 - Content Analysis of Attar's Manteqot-Teir based on the six educational dimensions
Naser NaseriTazeShahri Sina Torkashvand Faramarz MohammadiPuyaPresent study was aimed at Content Analysis of Attar's Manteqot-Teirbased on the sixeducational dimensions of the Fundamental Reform Document of Educationby making use of qualitative and conceptual analysis method. In this regard, first of all, the educational dimension MorePresent study was aimed at Content Analysis of Attar's Manteqot-Teirbased on the sixeducational dimensions of the Fundamental Reform Document of Educationby making use of qualitative and conceptual analysis method. In this regard, first of all, the educational dimensions in the Fundamental Reform Document of Education have been explained, so thatforty two components for religious education, worship, seventeen components for social and political education, four components for biological and physical education, seven components for aesthetic and art education, seven components for economic and professional education, seven components for science and technology education and then analysis theAttar's Manteqot-Teirbased on the these components.According to the facts, there is a great relation between training-concerning fields of fundamental document of education system on the one side and Attar's Manteqot-Teiron the other side. Manteqot-Teirconcerns many topics on human being without ignoring any aspect of human training. Such a valuable source should be considered by education system to make a great change in the human society; additionally to enrich the educational changes. Manuscript profile -
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115 - Investigating the obstacles of perfection and the ways to face them, from Attar Neyshabouri's point of view, relying on the Mantiq al-Tair
Seyedeh Pargol shamsi Ali Akbar Afrasiabpour ali FathollahiOne of the issues of the divine and human schools has been self-knowledge; Because by recognizing human characteristics, a program tailored to his needs can be prepared for him. One of the dimensions of self-knowledge is awareness of its negative aspects. Recognizing we MoreOne of the issues of the divine and human schools has been self-knowledge; Because by recognizing human characteristics, a program tailored to his needs can be prepared for him. One of the dimensions of self-knowledge is awareness of its negative aspects. Recognizing weaknesses and shortcomings is a way to fight and eliminate these shortcomings. Muslim mystics have made great efforts to know and identify the soul, the place of emergence, and to enrich and strengthen their views of the Qur'an. Karim and the statements of the Infallibles (peace be upon them), which were connected to the great source of revelation, have been used. The purpose of this study is to study the word nafs from Attar Neyshabouri's point of view in the Mantiq al-Tair and the extent of his influence on the Holy Quran and the narrations of the Infallibles (peace be upon them) in this regard. According to the results of the research, Attar's perception of the soul in the Mantiq al-Tair is often a negative perception and is consistent with the ego in the Holy Qur'an. He has repeatedly used verses and hadiths to express the characteristics of the soul. Sometimes he has used a part of a verse or hadith and sometimes he has used its meaning Manuscript profile -
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116 - مفاهیم عرفانی- تعلیمی عشق و اخلاق در اشعار سنایی، عطار و مولوی
زهرا باغبان پرشکوه -
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117 - The Origin of the Dreams of Saints of God in Tazkirat-al-Auliyā
Isā Najafi Qodratollāh AlireāzeeDreaming is one of the puzzles that has preoccupied the mind of man from way back. It has been discussed in many fields such as religions, mythology, psychology, literature and mysticism. Dreams have been categorized into some types like veridical dream, sound dream and MoreDreaming is one of the puzzles that has preoccupied the mind of man from way back. It has been discussed in many fields such as religions, mythology, psychology, literature and mysticism. Dreams have been categorized into some types like veridical dream, sound dream and so on. As a source of inspiration, mystics and Sufis used dream to solve many of their problems and they had great value for it. Attar of Nishapur has narrated many dreams of Sufis and saints of God in his book, Tazkirat-al-Auliyā. By using descriptive-analytical method, the present article tries to consider the dreams narrated in this book. Also, the characters of the dreams, their subjects and their relationship with facts of life are considered. The results show that many of the dreams are rooted in real life of mystics and Sufis. They intended to express their dreams, because they were considered as part of the Prophecy and messages from the Divine world. Manuscript profile -
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118 - Recognizing the Behaviors of the Sālek in Musibat-Nāmeh of Attār; Based on Max Lüscher's Psychology of Colors
Fereshteh NāsseriThe poems of a poet reflect his/her various moods, so the colors used in his/her poems can lead the way in identifying the reactions and behaviors of the poet. The visionary experience of poet-mystics which is based on a symbolic language can be better expressed by MoreThe poems of a poet reflect his/her various moods, so the colors used in his/her poems can lead the way in identifying the reactions and behaviors of the poet. The visionary experience of poet-mystics which is based on a symbolic language can be better expressed by using colors and its related terms. By using descriptive-analytical method and based on the Max Lüscher's psychology of colors, the present article attempts to re-read Musibat-Nāmeh, written by Attār of Nishapur. The results show that categorization of colors in Musibat-Nāmeh, from left to right, is as follows in order of preference: (7+3+4×2×1=5=0-6-). According to Lüscher, such prioritization by the sālek (the holy traveler) implies that he/she suffers from separation from the Divine world (7+3+); but he/she hopes to achieve a better situation and to overcome many of the limitations of the material world (4×2×). In this way, he/she doesn't find any tranquilizing environment and hides his/her thoughts from strangers and shares them with close people (1=5=). According to Musibat-Nāmeh, the sālek looks for an opportunity to improve his/her spiritual states by purification of the soul. By this way, he/she can obtain his/her pervious dignity in the Divine world (0-6- ). Manuscript profile -
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119 - Asceticism in the Worldview of Attar of Neyshaburi
Hadi Dini Mir Jalil AkramiAsceticism is a lifestyle characterized by abstinence from sensual pleasures, for the purpose of achieving servitude. In Islamic mysticism, asceticism does not go beyond the framework of the Islamic law (Sharia). To determine the framework and the limits of asceticism i MoreAsceticism is a lifestyle characterized by abstinence from sensual pleasures, for the purpose of achieving servitude. In Islamic mysticism, asceticism does not go beyond the framework of the Islamic law (Sharia). To determine the framework and the limits of asceticism in mysticism, we study the views of Attar Neyshaburi, one of the three highlights of mystical literature of Iran. The present article attempts to examine the basic concepts and indexes in asceticism in masnavis of Attar by using analytic method. He refers to chelleh-neshini (worshipping for a forty days period), keeping a vigil, silence, patience and control the passions as the important elements of asceticism and believes that they are the best methods to reach the Truth. Very few references to methods of asceticism in his masnavis reflect the political and social complexities of his time. In his masnavis, the frequency of physical asceticism is higher, because this kind of asceticism is a tool for the self-purification. Attar believes that the true asceticism or jehād al-akbar (the greater war and struggle) is to overcome the carnal soul. According to him, when the sālek (the holy traveler) is annihilated from his selfhood, he is united with God and his carnal soul is curbed. Manuscript profile -
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120 - The Animality of the Soul in the Anecdotes of Tazkirat-al-Auliyā
Alirezā Asadi Fātemeh CherāghizādegānIn mystical texts, there is a trace of the animality of the soul, though this belief dates back to the primitive era of human life. In his works, Carl Gostov Jung has introduced some of the repeated animal symbols in primitive and quasi-primitive ethnic groups; his theo MoreIn mystical texts, there is a trace of the animality of the soul, though this belief dates back to the primitive era of human life. In his works, Carl Gostov Jung has introduced some of the repeated animal symbols in primitive and quasi-primitive ethnic groups; his theories are based on mythological and anthropological studies about these groups. In the present article, we study the role of animals in Tazkirat-al-Auliyā with a comparative-analytic method based on Jung's ideas. The results show that in the anecdotes of the book, animals play a role based on mythological beliefs about the animality of the soul. If we, like Jung's psychoanalysis, believe that the soul is an old expression of "self" and "psyche", then the animals play the role of unconscious symbols and are part of the process of psyche evolution. In the anecdotes of Tazkirat-al-Auliyā, sometimes, animals are the symbol of the mystic's transcendent self, they protect him and talk to him, they have superior knowledge and give him a transcendental knowledge; and sometimes they refer to the mystic as the head of the tribe and the owner of the totem. Manuscript profile -
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121 - Schemas in Kashf-ul-Mahjoob and Tazkirat al-Awliyā (A Case Study: Hallāj)
Zahra IranmaneshThe depth of Hallaj's words and their being mysterious have caused the Muslim mystics to resort to a special language to reflect his states. Metaphor, in terms of the capabilities of illustration and transmission of concepts, is the most important lingual tool for expla MoreThe depth of Hallaj's words and their being mysterious have caused the Muslim mystics to resort to a special language to reflect his states. Metaphor, in terms of the capabilities of illustration and transmission of concepts, is the most important lingual tool for explaining the inexpressible experiences of the mystics. When words fail in expressing the ideas, pictorial metaphors help the mystic to better express his/her mystical experiences and inner concepts. Using descriptive-analytical method and based on library resources, the present article attempts to show how mystics, especially Attār Neishapouri and Hujwīrī, conceptualize Hallaj's spiritual experiences and analyze his complex personality. The study shows that Attār has used metaphorical concepts more than Hujwīrī to show the mystical world of Hallaj.The results show that the motion scheme is used more than other schemas and with its help the abstract concepts of enthusiasm, vesāl (joining), knowledge, satisfaction, etc. are represented. Thus, the motion scheme is the dominant one; it shows that the mystics consider the universe to be in constant flux and evolutionary process. At the same time, it shows that Attar's style is more artistic and mystical than Hujwīrī 's style. Manuscript profile -
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122 - The Story of Sheikh Sanān in Mantiq-ut-Tayr of Attār: A Mythical Criticism Based on the Theory of Rite of Passage
Masood Hasani Farhād Doroudgariān Ali Pedrām Mirzāei Ayoob Morādi"Rite of passage " refers to rituals such as birth, puberty, initiation, death, etc. in ancient societies that have a mythical structure. The theorists of ‘rite of passage’ believe that the mythical structure of these rituals follows a single pattern. By usi More"Rite of passage " refers to rituals such as birth, puberty, initiation, death, etc. in ancient societies that have a mythical structure. The theorists of ‘rite of passage’ believe that the mythical structure of these rituals follows a single pattern. By using analytical-descriptive method, the present article attempts to investigate the degree of conformity of the structure of ritual myths with the spiritual journey (Suluk) and behavior of Sheikh Sanān in Mantiq-ut-Tayr of Attār. Emphasizing the ritual nature of Sufism, the present study, while offering a psychoanalytic interpretation of each stage of Sheikh Sanan's mystical passage, shows that the narrative structure of the story is consistent with the four-stage model of theory of "rite of passage" (separation, crisis, transition and reincorporation). Manuscript profile -
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123 - Attār’s Protest Tone against the Worldly Authorities in Mantiq-u-Tayr
Zahrā Khākbāz Mahdi HeidariTone is the method of reading words and sentences in the text space; it originates from individual and collective beliefs and moral, spiritual and psychological characteristics of individuals, which are combined with the rhetoric, form and structure of poetry. Tone has MoreTone is the method of reading words and sentences in the text space; it originates from individual and collective beliefs and moral, spiritual and psychological characteristics of individuals, which are combined with the rhetoric, form and structure of poetry. Tone has always been considered as one of the most important elements of creating space and influencing the audience, because it expresses the inner feelings and emotions of the author. Based on the chosen subject, an author should be able to choose, far from artificiality, a tone that suits his/ her text. After introducing the tone, its types and manner of its formation, this descriptive-analytical study tries to consider the tone of Attār of Nishapur in opposition to the worldly authorities in the book of Mantiq-u-Tayr and to introduce its different types. The results of the study show that anecdotes are one of the most important areas of tone expression, because they are dialogue-oriented and are formed in dialogue. Attār of Nishapur has created different tones in composing Mantiq-u-Tayr, as one of the most important works of mystical poetry. In general, the tone of protest, especially the protest against the rulers and sultans in his works is more noticeable than other tones. Attār uses a variety of tones against those in power, including the protest tone, the preaching tone, the warning tone, etc., each of which is described separately Manuscript profile -
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124 - Comparative Analysis of the Hero’s Mythical-Journey Stages with the Mystic’s Mystical-Journey Stages in English Literature
Mahmoud َAfrouz Traveling (mythological / mystical) is one of the topics covered by great writers of fiction. The present article compares the two models of travel in Iranian and world literature from mythological and mystical perspective. The Pearson-Marr archetypes refer to twe More Traveling (mythological / mystical) is one of the topics covered by great writers of fiction. The present article compares the two models of travel in Iranian and world literature from mythological and mystical perspective. The Pearson-Marr archetypes refer to twelve stages of the hero's mythological journey (innocent, orphan, warrior, protector, seeker, destroyer, lover, creator, governor, wizard, wise and clown). In Mantiq-u-Tayr, the outstanding book of Attār of Nishapur, seven stages of mystical journey (suluk) are mentioned as follows: search (talab); love (eshq); knowledge (marifat); unity (tohid); contentment (esteghnā); bewilderment (heirat); true poverty (faqr); nothingness (fanā). The purpose of the present article is to compare the Pearson-Marr archetypes with Attār's stages of mystical journey by examining John Bunyan's the Pilgrim’s Progress, a classic Christian novel with travel theme. Christian, the hero of the story, begins his journey from his hometown, the "City of Destruction" (this world), to the "Celestial City" (the Heaven). The research findings show that the main reason for the similarity between the two books (Mantiq-u-Tayr and the Pilgrim’s Progress) is their religious background. Although there is no one-to-one correspondence between the stages of the journey in the two models of Attār and Pearson-Mar, but since John Bunyan's book is about a mythological-mystical journey, the steps that his protagonist (Christian) goes through fit into both patterns. Manuscript profile -
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125 - Attār of Nishapur's Mantiq-u-Tayr and Orhan Pamuk's The Black Book: A Comparative Study
Samira Jamali Ghotolou Nasser Alizadeh Khayat Arash MoshfeghiOrhan Pamuk, the well-known Turkish novelist, has created some of his works under the influence of Iranian literature and in accordance with the patterns found in the masterpieces of classical Persian literature. In The Black Book, one of Pamuk's novels, modern Western MoreOrhan Pamuk, the well-known Turkish novelist, has created some of his works under the influence of Iranian literature and in accordance with the patterns found in the masterpieces of classical Persian literature. In The Black Book, one of Pamuk's novels, modern Western storytelling methods are combined with ancient stories and anecdotes of Eastern literature, including Persian literature. In the novel, Pamuk has paid special attention to Attār of Nishapur's Mantiq-u-Tayr and has tried to match his work with the symbolic patterns in Mantiq-u-Tayr. He has taken advantage of the content of Mantiq-u-Tayr and used it as a structural support for his work, and by creating special narrative situations, he has tried to represent the mystical paths in his novel. The present article, by analytical-comparative method, examines the way Pamuk benefits from Attar's ideas and how he was influenced by the Mantiq-u-Tayr. The findings show that the mystical, allegorical and narrative capacities of Mantiq-u-Tayr and The Black Book are similar in different ways. In his novel, Pamuk provides a semantic representation of the mystical concepts of Mantiq-u-Tayr, and refers directly to its stories, especially the story of the birds' journey to Mount Qaf; also, the mention of some common proper names in both books clearly shows that there is a deep intertextual relationship between the two works. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
126 - Exploring the Balance Between Two Inconsistent Approaches in Attār’s Musibat-nāmeh: “Submission to Fate” or “Effort for Changing”
Fatemeh Rahimi Hatef SiahkoohianIn Musibat-nāmeh, Attār of Nishapur takes a fatalistic approach, considering the destiny of man subject to the eternal will of God. He believes that ultimate salvation is beyond the control of human beings. However, he also emphasizes the value of human effort as a cruc MoreIn Musibat-nāmeh, Attār of Nishapur takes a fatalistic approach, considering the destiny of man subject to the eternal will of God. He believes that ultimate salvation is beyond the control of human beings. However, he also emphasizes the value of human effort as a crucial factor in the spiritual journey (suluk), and describes the seeker's overwhelming struggle (salek) as an example of Sufi effort. This raises the question of how these seemingly inconsistent approaches can coexist within a thought system. Is the contrast between these two approaches an unresolved paradox, or can they be integrated? This research aims to investigate the relationship between the two seemingly contradictory approaches of submission and effort in Attār's Musibat-nāmeh by utilizing a descriptive-analytical method. The research's findings demonstrate that, according to Attār's thought, while human effort cannot alter one's destiny, it is nevertheless a necessary condition for its fulfillment. Attār posits that human effort serves to actualize the potential for perfection and happiness that has been predetermined in the eternal destiny of God. From this perspective, human effort proves fruitful as long as it is supported by a prior ability known as "talent" or "divine assistance." Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
127 - ساختار معنایی الهینامه عطار
فاطمه امامی -
Open Access Article
128 - Character Typology of Birds in Mantiq-ut-Tayr of Attār
majid bahrevar mohammad nikdar asl farzane mohamadiAttār of Nishapur, as a physician, mystic and poet it is not improbable for him to present an eastern view about character growth and mental health of men stemming from his outer experiences and mystic journeys. The aim of present research is to expound the literal and MoreAttār of Nishapur, as a physician, mystic and poet it is not improbable for him to present an eastern view about character growth and mental health of men stemming from his outer experiences and mystic journeys. The aim of present research is to expound the literal and mystical comments of Attār concerning extrovert and introvert personality types based on the ideas of Jung and his followers. Attār uses mystical experience to cure the mental abnormalities of people in his confused society based on capacity of individuals and social groups, and in this way, he explains the perfectibility of men and the personal obstacles and attributes of them. Attār exposes the archetype of perfection and mental health by putting away shadow and anima, and puts the spiritual individualization aside from common masks. Finally, extrovert and introvert characters of individuals are dissolved in mythic-archetypical plots and epistemic experiences. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
129 - Satan in Attār's Thoughts
Ebrāhim EbrāhimtabārIn literature of Muslims of various nations, the idea of Satan and his negative and positive aspects is widely discussed (Iblis). Some of Iranian chief mystics have revealed truths about this Quranic character. Attār, as one of prominent mystics, speaks paradoxically ab MoreIn literature of Muslims of various nations, the idea of Satan and his negative and positive aspects is widely discussed (Iblis). Some of Iranian chief mystics have revealed truths about this Quranic character. Attār, as one of prominent mystics, speaks paradoxically about Satan's disobedience and his proximity to God. Sometimes, he believes that Satan is a agent of God and behaves according to divine decree. According to this belief, Satan has not any fault and is a miserable victim that is in search of a divine worthy mystery. But, sometimes, like some Muslim scholars, Attār condemns Satan for rebellion against God and sees him as a disgusting enemy of the Divine. The author of present article tries to study the palace of Satan in Attār's thoughts by using descriptive and analytic method Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
130 - Burning the Clock
Khadijeh Hajiyān Saeed Bozorge-BeigdeliKherqeh-pushi (wearing the clock) is a customary ritual in Sufism. This ritual is usually accompanied with kherqeh-andakhtan (dedicating the clock) or takhriqe-kherqeh (tearing the clock) and kherqeh-az-sar-beh-dar-avrdan or kherqeh-az-sar-bar-kashidan (underssing the c MoreKherqeh-pushi (wearing the clock) is a customary ritual in Sufism. This ritual is usually accompanied with kherqeh-andakhtan (dedicating the clock) or takhriqe-kherqeh (tearing the clock) and kherqeh-az-sar-beh-dar-avrdan or kherqeh-az-sar-bar-kashidan (underssing the clock). Kherqeh-andakhtan (dedicating the clock) used to occur often in the state of ecstasy (vajd) and especially Sema. kherqeh-az-sar-beh-dar-avrdan (underssing the clock), besides that happens when two Sufis wish to do away with misunderstandings. Similarly, Kherqeh-az-sar-bar-kashidan (underssing the clock) was a way of punishing the culprit Sufi in Khangah. It seems that there is a connection between kherqeh-pushi (wearing the clock) and kherqeh-suzi (burning the clock), even though there was no citable and valid evidence about it in Sufi texts. Kherqeh-suzi (burning the clock) has a widespread use in mystical poems, as in the poems of Attār Neishapouri, Saadi, Mulavi, Qasem Anvar, Fakhredin Araqi and especially Hafez. By considering Kherqeh-pushi, the present article, tries to analyze the concept of kherqeh-suzi (burning the clock) in mystical texts, especially in the works of Attar and Hafez. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
131 - Mystical Expereinces in the Ghazals of Attār: A Revew Based on Willam James' Theory
homayon jamshidyan leila norozpor motahare chobineAccording to William James, mystical experiences have four characteristics: ineffability, noetic quality, transiency and passivity; these marks can be found in almost all texts that narrates mystical experiences. In the present article, those ghazals of Āttār that indic MoreAccording to William James, mystical experiences have four characteristics: ineffability, noetic quality, transiency and passivity; these marks can be found in almost all texts that narrates mystical experiences. In the present article, those ghazals of Āttār that indicate mystical experiences have been extracted, categorized and analyzed. Also, in these poems, some other marks such as heterogeneous imaginations of mystical intuition and missing the mystic have been found. The results of the research show that after coming face to face with the Holy, the mystic is unable to explain Him; for everyone comprehends Him by his/her own way. The mystic misses himself/herself in the process of revelation; after facing the Holy, also, he claims that he/she knows himself/herself much better, and sometimes he/she claims that has obtained knowledge of the outer world. The reports about this knowledge, like the relation of part to whole and the fact that the part contains all of components of the whole, show that there are a lot of similarities between them and the subjects of holography. The mystic complains that facing with the Holy is transient. During the experience, he is passive and there is a profound sense of being taken over. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
132 - Allegory: A Mirror of Society
مرضیه بهبهانی Allegory is a form of extended metaphor in which objects, persons, and actions in a narrative are equated with meanings that lie outside the narrative itself. The underlying meaning has moral, social, religious, and political significance. Attār and Mowlānā Jal More Allegory is a form of extended metaphor in which objects, persons, and actions in a narrative are equated with meanings that lie outside the narrative itself. The underlying meaning has moral, social, religious, and political significance. Attār and Mowlānā Jalāl-al Din Rumī, the two famous Persian poets, have employed allegory in their poems. The present article, by looking at the role of allegory in the works of Attār and Mowlānā Jalāl-Din Rumī, tries to show the social conditions in which they lived. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
133 - "Musical Fable" in the Works of Attār of Nīshāpūr
منصوره ثابت زاده In the works of Farīd ud-Dīn Attār of Nīshāpūr (1145-46–1221), Persian poet and mystic, there is a kind of narration that we can call "musical fable". It is a moral narration intended to enforce a truth, especially one in which animals or inanimate More In the works of Farīd ud-Dīn Attār of Nīshāpūr (1145-46–1221), Persian poet and mystic, there is a kind of narration that we can call "musical fable". It is a moral narration intended to enforce a truth, especially one in which animals or inanimate objects speak and act like human beings. The musical fable has a musical structure, and is useful for expressing mystical thoughts. There are nine musical fables in Elāhī-Nāmeh, and six in Tazkerat al-Awlīya. The aim of this article is to study the themes of these narrations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
134 - از منظومة فنیکس تا منطقالطیر عطار و استرالیا
هاشم محمدی -
Open Access Article
135 - The Mystical Stages in Manteq-al Tyr of Attar and Yoga Sutras of Patanjali: A Comparative Study
Ali Sādeghi Shahpar Rezā Sādeghi shahparMystical stages in Yoga Sutras are eight stages,and in Manteq-altayr of Attar are seven places. The pilgrims of both of these paths begin their works with religious law, ethics and discipline rules to reach to the more subtle stages of mysticism. After passing the MoreMystical stages in Yoga Sutras are eight stages,and in Manteq-altayr of Attar are seven places. The pilgrims of both of these paths begin their works with religious law, ethics and discipline rules to reach to the more subtle stages of mysticism. After passing these stages, the pilgrims achieve the “unity”, or a kind of “Fanā” (i.e. annihilation) in Manteq- altayr, and “Samadehi” in Yoga; the difference between them lies in the fact that the pilgrim of Islamic mysticism seeks unity with God, but the pilgrim of Yoga seeks unity with himself. This article tries to compare mystical doctrine in Yoga Sutras and Manteq-altayr to show their similarities and differences. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
136 - Archetype of Shadow and the Soul in the Poems of Attār-e Neishābūri: A Comparative Study
سعید قشقایی Archetype for the Swiss psychiatrist Carl Gustav Jung (1875–1961) is a term of great importance. It refers to old images and instincts rooted in our collective unconscious. An archetype reveals itself in dreams and myths. There is a close connection between More Archetype for the Swiss psychiatrist Carl Gustav Jung (1875–1961) is a term of great importance. It refers to old images and instincts rooted in our collective unconscious. An archetype reveals itself in dreams and myths. There is a close connection between an archetype and the mythical and epic stories in which it appears. In the present article, the shadow, one of Jungian main archetypes, has been analyzed in some works of Attār-e Neishābūri (1145-1221), Persian poet and mystic, such as Asrār-Nāmeh, Manteq al-Teyr (The Conference of the Birds), Elāhī-Nāmeh, and Mosībat Nāmeh. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
137 - اسطوره سیمرغ عطار در آینة مرغ بزرگ باخ
نرگس محمدی بدر صالحه غضنفری مقدم -
Open Access Article
138 - The Memory of Mulānā Jalāl-al Din Rumī
Majid MansouriStudying the works of Persian great poets shows that some poems of Diwan-e Shams-e Tabrizi have not composed by Mulānā Jalāl-al Din Rumī, and the poems of Sultān Walad, Sanāee, Attār, Khāqāni and etc. have been recorded in the name of Mulānā. It can be argued that the p MoreStudying the works of Persian great poets shows that some poems of Diwan-e Shams-e Tabrizi have not composed by Mulānā Jalāl-al Din Rumī, and the poems of Sultān Walad, Sanāee, Attār, Khāqāni and etc. have been recorded in the name of Mulānā. It can be argued that the poems of poets who used to live after Mulānā have by mistake been recorded in Diwan-e Shams. But the poems of poets who used to live before him, like Sanāee and Attār, have been recorded by Mulānā himself. In Sufi circles, Mulānā used to read the poems of these poets from memory, so some of the poems have been recorded in his own works. The present article considers some poems of Sanāee and Attār that have been recorded in the name of Mulānā in Diwan-e Shams. Also, his researches about the poems of Annvari, Mojir Beilaqāni and Nezāmi have been noticed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
139 - Projection of mystical themes in Attar Neyshaburi 's Tazkerat-Al-Owliya
Fereshteh Rabie Aliyeh Yousef Fam Afshin TayyebiDiscovering the inner treasure of each person requires paying attention to the depths inside him. What life drives man towards is in the direction of inner Cognition, which the religious elders also pointed to and paid attention toit. At the same time, what the mystics, MoreDiscovering the inner treasure of each person requires paying attention to the depths inside him. What life drives man towards is in the direction of inner Cognition, which the religious elders also pointed to and paid attention toit. At the same time, what the mystics, scholars, thinkers and sages proved for centuries is now in the science of psychology under the title of projection as one of the defense mechanisms of the psyche. Self-knowledge and a kind of self-knowledge that requires an analytical look at the inner states. Sages and elders like Attar realized the importance of this issue and its index in the matter of life centuries before. Attar's in-depth analyzes and his attention to various aspects of human behavior and personality are evident in Tazkerat-Al-Owliya. In this regard, the current research is an interdisciplinary research whose purpose is to trace the reflection of the concept of projection as one of the concepts of psychological science by referring to numerous evidences in Tazkerat-Al-Owliya. The results of the investigations show that in Tazkerat-Al-Owliya, the diversity of the subject has caused the diversity of projection, which can be seen explicitly or implicitly, examples and evidence of the concept of projection, and Attar's perception of this concept is not significantly different from the opinion of psychologists. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
140 - فرجام شناسی در الهی نامه و مصیبت نامه عطار نیشابوری
مریم عظیمی اقدم عالیه یوسف فام -
Open Access Article
141 - Tradition and Innovation in poetry Hassan Attar
Zahra Mohajer noei Leyla Qasim HajiabadiHassan Attar poet of the nineteenth century neoclassical poets moderation traditionand innovation the use of templates, he used classic style folk poetry in theTradition sometimes in the form and sometimes content form of restoring to its original position during the in MoreHassan Attar poet of the nineteenth century neoclassical poets moderation traditionand innovation the use of templates, he used classic style folk poetry in theTradition sometimes in the form and sometimes content form of restoring to its original position during the interregnum of light strength.Classical interpretationsthemewith the same old Classical of obvious imitation but heartistic interpretations of the same.form is empty innovation but to it that he had a thorough understanding of contemporary sochial-political situation in the tim contentof his collection of poetry.Among the poets of the nineteenth century neoclassical tradition and innovation exclusively AttarBut in the lyrics of some of his contemporaries but what has different faith tradition and innovation was that apothecary tradition with the thoughts turn in a used،Innovation in content for the expression of popular sentiment.The present article concluded:Attar's classical poets whose poetry style interregnum bound toThe folk formsHe informed Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
142 - Flight of a myth from epic to gnosis Comparison of the story of water of life by Khezr and Sekandar in two readings: Ferdowsi´s epic in Shahnameh and Attar´s mystic in ElahiNameh
Amir Hossein Mahoozi Mehri Amini SaniAbstract The wish for eternal and everlasting life has always existed ever since the creation of man on earth. The significance of this issue is to such extent that in the oldest epic text in the world, Gilgamesh words have been said about his desire. MoreAbstract The wish for eternal and everlasting life has always existed ever since the creation of man on earth. The significance of this issue is to such extent that in the oldest epic text in the world, Gilgamesh words have been said about his desire. The story of Sekandar and Khezr and their search for seeking the water of life has also this theme. However in different literary texts, depending on the genre of the work this tale has had different manifestations and readings. In this research, two readings namely epic in Shahnameh Ferdowsi and mystic in Attar´s Elahi Nameh is dealt with and their difference is enumerated. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
143 - Defence of Eblis in some Schools of Sufism
Bahador JavdanehSufis’s view with regard to Eblis is one of most controversial and at the same time the most engaging subjects that is reflected in their most important texts. On one hand, one is faced with radical beliefs speaking of rejection of devil and his condem MoreSufis’s view with regard to Eblis is one of most controversial and at the same time the most engaging subjects that is reflected in their most important texts. On one hand, one is faced with radical beliefs speaking of rejection of devil and his condemnation from the God’s providence and on the other hand some of the key figures in the sufi world with their various interpretations in defence of Eblis or at least regarding his refusal to obey Adam, made their best to regard him as manifestation of love and bravery. This article is concerned with the study of the views of the great sufi figures regarding Eblis with emphasis on the ideological foundations of such renowned characters as Hallaj, Ahmad Ghazali, Ayn al-Qudat Hamedani, Attar Neishabouri, and Moulana Jalal al-Din Mohammad Balkhi. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
144 - Counteraction of Reason and love from Attar's point of view
shahin ojaghalizadehCounteraction between the eternal sensational sentiment, love and the creations' first spark, reason is the main concern of this article. The two are the most controversial issues during the history of mysticism in the Persian literature, and a subject for many research MoreCounteraction between the eternal sensational sentiment, love and the creations' first spark, reason is the main concern of this article. The two are the most controversial issues during the history of mysticism in the Persian literature, and a subject for many researches and criticisms. Searching to find the historical background of this counteraction in between the works of great mystics, in itself, requires an independent article. This article however attempts to investigate Attar's point of view as one of the pioneers of mystical poetry from the aspect of this counteraction. The attempt is also made to show that Attar's main preoccupation is love, his words centers around the pain of love and his mystical methodology pictures the journey of the mystic from the start of his pilgrimage to his final attainment as one through seven valleys. Love is a mirror which fully reveals the mystical culture of Attars' works. Although his style in his masnavi is teaching the mystical instructions, in his lyrics, one hears his passionate compositions. Reason is the sole guide of the initiate in the religious law, and he is worthy of servitude. Love is the initiate's guide towards divinity. In order to manifest the reflection of love in Attar's words and to explain his apprehensions regarding reason and its counteraction with love in his works, definitions of love and reason and their characteristics are given. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
145 - Criticism and Analysis of the concept of spiritual silence from Attar’s perspective
Shahin Ghasemi Mehdi MahooziThe endpoint of Gnosticism is the unity with the ultimate existence and comprehension of presence. To taste such spiritual presence, scholars have enumerated certain abstinences including silence. Not only in stages of suluk (the way) in which silence has a more p MoreThe endpoint of Gnosticism is the unity with the ultimate existence and comprehension of presence. To taste such spiritual presence, scholars have enumerated certain abstinences including silence. Not only in stages of suluk (the way) in which silence has a more pedagogical role in store, but also in vesal (attainment) the wayfarer obliges himself to immerse into a silence which is the outcome of sufi contemplation in mystical experiences. This obligation often finds meaning in connection with the eternal beloved as the silence emanating from the bewilderment in the presence of the divine glory and beauty and sometimes is expressed in connection with the people as in hiding the secrets. Attar Nayshabouri has clearly described the stages of the suluk upon contemplation of the essentials of suluk and in his compositions has repeatedly dealt with the origin and the role of silence in the spiritual journey. Regarding the keen interest of Moulana in Attar’s pioneering works in spiritual matters and also the connection and the manifestation of the unique spiritual thoughts in the compositions of these two visionary mystics, the analysis of the “principle of silence” from Attar’s perspective seems essential. The present article seeks to study and analyze the reasons for silence, and enquire the role of silence from attar’s point of view in order to give an overview of this concept in the sufi tradition. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
146 - The elements of the story of virtuous woman in Attar’s Elahi Nameh
Fatemeh EmamiVirtuous woman is the title of the first story from the first article taken from the first Attar’s Masnavi, Elahi Nameh. It is a story with 309 couplets and is considered the third longest after the story of “Sheikh Sanaan”, and “Rabee&rdqu MoreVirtuous woman is the title of the first story from the first article taken from the first Attar’s Masnavi, Elahi Nameh. It is a story with 309 couplets and is considered the third longest after the story of “Sheikh Sanaan”, and “Rabee” in Attar’s Masnavis. The criticism and investigation of this story could penetrate into obscure corners of Attar’s art of storytelling. The purpose of this article is to analyze the different elements of the story of the virtuous woman and investigate the technique of defamiliarization in order to throw some light on the structure of storytelling used by Attar. The most significant analytical points, expressing the genealogy of the story, studying different elements of the story such as, point of view, character and characterization, plot, language, tone, and theme made possible the outcome of this research. Manuscript profile
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