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Open Access Article
1 - The Effect of Salicylic Acid and Pseudomonas Putida Bacteria on Enzyme Properties of Quinoa Plant in Saline Soil Contaminated With Arsenic
Mahmood Nabizade Ali Reza Astaraei Amir LakzianIntroduction: Due to the fact that some of the country's regions, such as Khorasan Razavi, Isfahan, Kerman, etc., are contaminated with arsenic (As), and on the other hand, most of Iran's soils are associated with different degrees of salinity and few agricultural manag MoreIntroduction: Due to the fact that some of the country's regions, such as Khorasan Razavi, Isfahan, Kerman, etc., are contaminated with arsenic (As), and on the other hand, most of Iran's soils are associated with different degrees of salinity and few agricultural management operations like plant selection or applying organic acids such as salicylic acid (SA) have been used, therefore, this research is conducted with the following objectives: 1) Investigate the effect of Pseudomonas putida (P. Putida) bacteria inoculation in soil salinity stress conditions, 2) Investigate the effect of arsenic pollution in soil salinity stress conditions, 3) Investigate the effect of salicylic acid foliar application on cultivated quinoa plant in saline soil and 4) Dual and triunal effects of experimental treatments on some quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the quinoa plant (Titicaca cultivar).Methods: A completely randomized design (factorial), including the first factor 1) control soil (no inoculation of Pseudomonas putida bacteria, 2) inoculation of Pseudomonas putida bacteria, the second factor: two levels of arsenic (0 and 40 mg/kg) and the third factor: foliar spraying of two levels of salicylic acid (0 and 0.5 mM) in total of 24 pots with a volume of 5000 cubic centimeters were prepared to apply the desired treatments in three replications. To provide saline soil without arsenic, samples are taken from the depth of 0 to 30 cm from Areh village located 45 km of Mashhad-Sarkhos Road. After air-drying and pounding, the samples are sieved with a two-millimeter sieve, and then part of it is moved to the soil science laboratory for preliminary analysis. After preparing the soil, 4 kg of soil is transferred to each pot. Then arsenic salt (Na2AsHO4.7H2O) is added to the pots with the amount of 40 mg/kg of soil. After quinoa plant cultivation, Titicaca variety, when the plants reached the two-leaf stage, the liquid culture medium containing Pseudomonas bacteria is added in three stages (with 5 days intervals). In the following, the plants are sprayed with salicylic acid solution at the 4-leaf stage in 5 stages (with 6 days intervals). Subsequently, the parameters of photosynthetic pigments’ (Lichtenthaler, 1987) antioxidant activity, (Brand-Williams et al, 1995), proline (Bates et al, 1973) and catalase (Dhindsa et al, 1981) of plants’ new leaves are carried out in the soil science laboratory of Ferdowsi University.Results: The results of the analysis of variance of the triple interaction effects of arsenic × salicylic acid × bacteria illustrate that the triple interaction effect on carotenoid is significant at the level of 1% (p<0.01), and the values of chlorophyll a, proline and antioxidant activity are significant at the level of 5% (p<0.05).The results of comparing the average of the triple interaction effects of arsenic levels, salicylic acid and bacteria show that at the zero level of arsenic + spraying solution 0.5 mM salicylic acid + the presence of bacteria can have a positive and significant role on the amount of chlorophyll a (10.76 micrograms per gram of fresh weight) equivalent to +25.11% and carotenoid (3.53 μg/g fresh weight) equal to +25.17 % compared to the control samples (soil with salinity stress). Also, the presence of arsenic (40 mg/kg) + 0.5 mM salicylic acid solution spraying + the presence of bacteria caused a significant increase in proline (8.23 μg/g fresh weight) equivalent to +22.29% compared to the control samples, which demonstrates the positive effects of spraying salicylic acid and bacteria in the conditions of salinity stress with arsenic contamination in the soil. Arsenic (40 mg/kg) + 0.5 mM salicylic acid solution + the presence of bacteria shows a significant rise in the antioxidant activity of quinoa plant (45.03 μg/g fresh weight) equivalent to +47.88% compared to the control sample.Conclusion: The application of Pseudomonas putida bacteria and salicylic acid can enhance the tolerance of plants against salinity stress and heavy metals by regulating the levels of different metabolites of antioxidant enzymes, secondary metabolites, and metal-chelating compounds. In this research, salicylic acid under natural soil salinity conditions (8.16 dS/m) increases chlorophyll a, carotenoid , proline , and antioxidant activity to +14%, +9.6%, +6.4% and +8.7%, respectively. On the other hand, under natural soil salinity conditions (8.16 dS/m) with 40 mg/kg of arsenic contamination in the soil, it has significantly increased plant proline equivalent to 20.65%, which led to a significant rise in antioxidant activity equivalent to +38.02%. The inoculation of Pseudomonas putida bacteria in saline soil contaminated with arsenic significantly boost proline of the plant equal to +22.29% and antioxidant activity equal to +47.88%, which greatly improved the content of chlorophyll, carotenoid and photosynthesis of quinoa plant. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Synthesis, Characterization and Investigation of Photocatalytic Activity of SnO2/ZnO Nanocomposite Coated with Salicylic Acid
T. Seyedi-Chokanlou S. Aghabeygi N. Molahasani F. Abrinaey -
Open Access Article
3 - Effect of salicylic acid treatment on common bean mosaic virus damage in bean variety Akhtar
Sasan Ghasemi Adeleh Abedi FiroozjaeiBean common mosaic virus and related races are one of the most important bean viral diseases and are present in almost all bean growing regions. In order to investigate the effects of salicylic acid treatment on the reaction of sensitive bean variety (Akhtar) to common MoreBean common mosaic virus and related races are one of the most important bean viral diseases and are present in almost all bean growing regions. In order to investigate the effects of salicylic acid treatment on the reaction of sensitive bean variety (Akhtar) to common bean mosaic virus (BCMV), an experiment was conducted in the form of a completely randomized design with 4 replications in greenhouse conditions. The experimental treatments included concentrations of zero, 200, 400 and 800 micromolar salicylic acid. The desired treatments were performed three days before inoculation with the respective virus agent. ELISA test using BCMV antiserum showed 83.3% of samples were infected with this virus. The results showed that different levels of salicylic acid could reduce the severity of the disease compared to the control infected with the virus.The lowest severity of the disease was obtained in the treatment of salicylic acid with a concentration of 800 micromolar (15.5%). The amount of phenol in the leaves in the treatment of salicylic acid with a concentration of 800 micromolar showed the highest value (92%), which did not show a statistically significant difference with the infected control, and this trait can be an indicator of the induction of resistance with the improvement of phenol levels due to the use of salicylic acid. Salicylic acid was effective in improving the morphological parameters such as the wet weight of the aerial parts of the plant and the dry weight of the root, and in disease conditions it prevented further damage during the experimental period to such an extent that this amount in the treatment of salicylic acid with a concentration of 800 µM in the conditions of the disease did not show any significant difference with the healthy control. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Changes phenol in tomato plants infected with Rhizoctonia solani by salicylic acid and mycorrhizal fungi Glomus spp.
Milad HARIRI BOUKANI Sediqe MOHAMMADI -
Open Access Article
5 - Comparison of Thymus vulga and Rosmarius officinalis extracts with salicylic acid, on mechanical transmission of Cucumber Mosaic Virus
Maryam Kohzadi Kavous AyazpourThe Cucumber Mosaic Virus (CMV) belongs to the Cucumovirus that is one of the most important viruses that infect cucurbit plants in Iran and around the world. This study was accomplished in a completely randomized design by 6 repeats to survey spraying herbal extracts, MoreThe Cucumber Mosaic Virus (CMV) belongs to the Cucumovirus that is one of the most important viruses that infect cucurbit plants in Iran and around the world. This study was accomplished in a completely randomized design by 6 repeats to survey spraying herbal extracts, salicylic acid, and distilled water as the control on resisting cucumber plants against CMV mechanical infection in a greenhouse at the Islamic Azad University of Jahrom Branch in 2015. It was planted 4 seeds of cucumber in each pot, and at the time of inoculation 2 plants were reminded. After treatments, (including spraying of 3% thyme and Rosemary extracts, 0.02% salicylic acid, and distilled water) the plants were inoculated mechanically by the sap of an infected plant. After that, pots were checked for a month. The infection of plants examined by the ELISA test. Data analysis was done using MSTAT-C. Results showed that the herbal extracts significantly were prevented the infection rate of CMV. According to the results in salicylic acid, thyme extract, rosemary extract, and distilled water treatments inoculation rates were 33.3%, 58.3%, 66.6%, and 88.3%, respectively. There wasn’t a statistically significant difference between treatments of salicylic acid and Thyme extract, as well as, spraying with Thyme and Rosemary extracts. Considering the result of this study, it can be concluded that by application of salicylic acid and then Thyme extract, the CMV can be controlled significantly. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Evaluation Of Salicylic Acid Pretreatment On Germination And Seedling Growth Characteristics On Medicinal Plant Of Black Cumin (Nigella Sativa L.) under salt stress
فرشاد سرخیBlack cumin is used medicinally as a decongestant, regularizer, laxative, anti -constipation and sexual enhancer in men. It is also used in the treatment of cancer, diabetes, and ulcers . Salinity stress could decrease seed germination and growth of plants. It has been MoreBlack cumin is used medicinally as a decongestant, regularizer, laxative, anti -constipation and sexual enhancer in men. It is also used in the treatment of cancer, diabetes, and ulcers . Salinity stress could decrease seed germination and growth of plants. It has been found that salicylic acid as endogenous growth regulator of natural phenolic compounds that cause to reduce negative effects of the salt stress on different aspects of plant life. The current research was carried out to evaluate probable positive effects of salicylic acid on the germination and initial growth properties of Nigella Sativa when put with salinity stress. For this purpose, an experiment was conducted of factorial experiment in a randomized complete design in four replications. Treatments consisted of salicylic acid levels of 0, 0.2, 0.6 and 1 mm and salinity stress of 0, 100, 150, and 200 mm. The results indicated that salinity stress decreased germination percentage, rate of germination, radical and plumule length and seedling dry weight. The greatest effect of root/shoot ratio was obtained in concentration of 200mm salt stress. While salicylic acid increased the germination percentage, germination rate, root length, shoot length, seedling dry weight and root/shoot ratio under salt stress and non-stress. Most of these traits were observed at concentration of 1 mm salicylic acid. According to the results of seed priming by salicylic acid in regions with salt stree can increase the resistance of Nigella sativa seeds in the germination stage and initial seedling growth Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Effects of Glycine Betaine and Salicylic Acid Foliar Application on Yield and Yield Components of two Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Cultivars under Rainfed Conditions
Hadi Salek Mearaji Akram HatamiChickpea as one of the most promissing crop under dry farming in Razan, Hamadan where it is often confronted with terminal drought of growing season. Finding strategies to reduce the effects of terminal droughts of chickpea under dryland conditions in this area would be MoreChickpea as one of the most promissing crop under dry farming in Razan, Hamadan where it is often confronted with terminal drought of growing season. Finding strategies to reduce the effects of terminal droughts of chickpea under dryland conditions in this area would be very beneficial. To evaluate the effects of foliar application of glycine betaine (GB) and salicylic acid (SA) on yield and yield components of two chickpea cultivars under rainfed condition, a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted at Razan town of Hamedan province in 2017- 2018 year. In this experiment, treatments were the use of distilled water as control, three levels of glycine betaine (200, 400 and 600 mM) and three levels of salicylic acid (250, 500 and 750 µM) on two cultivars of chickpea (Hashem and Saral). The results showed that foliar applications of plants with GB and SA resulted in significant effect on all traits under study, except number of seed in pod. The highest of seed yield was observed in Hashem (168.05 g.m2) and Saral (178.55 g.m2) cultivars with foliar application of 600 mM glycine betaine. The treatment of 600 mM of glycine betaine increased seed yield of Hashem and Saral cultivars by 17.6 and 18.5 percents, respectively. There were significant differences between the two cultivars under study. Maximum of number of seed per plant, seed yield, biological yield and harvest index were belonged to Saral cultivar, while plant height, weight of 100 seed and percent of protein seed observed in Hashem cultivur. According to the results of this study, it can be concluded that the application of glycine betaine on yield and yield components of chickpea under rainfed conditions was more effective than using salicylic acid. It can be said that foliar application of chickpea with GB and SA would improve the performance of chickpea cultivars and rainfed conditions. Futher studies are sudgested to substantiate the results. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - The Role of Salicylic Acid and Chitosan Foliar Applications under Drought Stress Condition on Some Physiological Traits and Oil Yield of Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.)
Ayoub Amiri Sedigheh Esmaeilzadeh Bahabadi Parviz Yadollahi Dehcheshmeh Alireza SirousmehrTo study the effects of drought and foliar applications of salicylic acid and chitosan on some physiological traits and oil yield of safflower under drought a split plot experiment with three replications based on a randomized complete block design was conducted at the MoreTo study the effects of drought and foliar applications of salicylic acid and chitosan on some physiological traits and oil yield of safflower under drought a split plot experiment with three replications based on a randomized complete block design was conducted at the University of Zabol, Iran. Treatments were three levels irrigations at 25, 50 and 75% of soil available water assigned to main plots, and four levels of foliar applications of salicylic acid and chitosan (control, 0.424 g/liter of salicylic acid, 5 g/liter of chitosan and mixed application of salicylic acid and chitosan) to sub-plots. Water stress reduced oil yield and phosphorus, potassium and calcium contents of shoot. Oil yield was decreased with increasing drought stress by 11% as compared to that of control. Severe water stress also increased the amount of sodium in seed, but its effects on nitrogen and iron control of shoot, membrane stability index and relative humidity were not significant. Foliar application of salicylic acid and chitosan increased macronutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium) and micronutrients (calcium and iron). Seed oil yield was not affected by foliar spray. In general, combined application chitosan and salicylic acid on traits under study was effective. It can be suggested that combined application of chitosan and salicylic acid could be effective in growing safflower at this region. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Application of Glycine, Tufool and Salicylic Acid in Sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) under Drought Conditions
Mohammad Kheirkhah Mohammad Farazi Alireza Dadkhah Asghar KhoshnoodSugar beet is one of strategic products to supply sugar in water limited areas of Iran. Thus, proper managements to supply enouph water in production of sugar beet is very important. To evaluate the effects of some anti stress substances like salicylic acid, tyuful and MoreSugar beet is one of strategic products to supply sugar in water limited areas of Iran. Thus, proper managements to supply enouph water in production of sugar beet is very important. To evaluate the effects of some anti stress substances like salicylic acid, tyuful and glycine to irritigate the effect of early water deficit on suger beet, an experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications was carried out at the Research Farm of Fariman Sugar Factory in 2013. Treatments consisted of control (without using anti stress substances), with three concentration of salicylic acid (0.1, 0.5, and 1 mM), tyuful with three concentration (0.5, 1 and 1.5 liter per thousand) and glycine with three concentration (1, 2 and 3 liters per thousand). The results showed that the effects of anti-stress materials significantly affected the sugar content, root yield, white sugar yield and harmful nitrogen. Highest sugar content (15.65%), root yield (83.82 t.ha-1) and white sugar percentage (11.15%) were obtained by using tyuful 1.5 lit/1000. While, the lowest levels of these characters were obtained from control (not using anti stress substances). Maximum harmful nitrogen was produced in control treatment (4.38) and highest level of alkalinity with mean of 3.49 was observed by using 3 lit/1000 of glycine. Our results showed that all of the anti stress substances had positive effects on sugar beet under drought stress condition. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Effect of Drought Stress and Application of Salicylic Acid on Yield and Yield Components, Photosynthetic Pigments and Compatibility Metabolites of Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) under Sistan Climatic Conditions
Barat Ali Fakheri forouzan heidari Nafiseh Mahdi Nejad Iman Shahrokhi Sardoui The use of salicylic acid in the nutrition of medicinal plants under moisture stress conditions has a considerable role in reducing the effects of water stress and improving plant yield. To this purpose, a factorial split plot experiment with three replications More The use of salicylic acid in the nutrition of medicinal plants under moisture stress conditions has a considerable role in reducing the effects of water stress and improving plant yield. To this purpose, a factorial split plot experiment with three replications based on randomized complete block design was conducted at the Research Farm of Faculty of Agriculture, Zabol University, Iran during 2013-2014 cropping years. Drought stress consisted of three levels (irrigation at 90, normal, 60 and 40 percent of field capacity) as main factor, and salicylic acid spraying wiyh three levels (0, control, 2.5 and 5 mM) and three cultivars (Isfahan, Hamedan and Nahavand) minor factors, respectively. The investigasted traits were plant height, number of umbels per plant, number of umbellate per umbel, number of seeds per umbellate, root length, number of lateral branches, stem diameter, fresh weight of plant, grain and final plant yield, 1000 seed weight, chlorophyll a, b, total chlorophyll, carotenoids, anthocyanins, soluble sugars and proline. The results showed that drought stress decreased the traits under study. Salicylic acid spray caused an increase in some parameters such as the final height of the stem, the number of umbels, number of seeds per umbellate, root length, fresh weight of plant, seed and plant yield, chlorophyll a, b, soluble sugars and proline. Given the results of trilateral interaction effects, the greatest yield of grain was obtained from 5 mM spraying and Isfahan cultivar under irrigation conditions of 90% of the field capacity. Considering trilateral effects, the best cultivar in terms of grain yield was Isfahan cultivar with 5 mM spraying under complete irrigation conditions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - The Effect of Salicylic Acid on Some Physiological Reactions of Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) Under Salinity Stress
A. Pasandi Pour H. Farahbakhsh M. Saffari B. KaramatThis study performed to investigate the effects different concentrations of salicylic acid (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 µM) on membrane lipid peroxidation of fenugreek under levels of salinity stress (0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 mM) in hydroponic condition. The experiment con MoreThis study performed to investigate the effects different concentrations of salicylic acid (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 µM) on membrane lipid peroxidation of fenugreek under levels of salinity stress (0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 mM) in hydroponic condition. The experiment conducted as factorial, in completely randomized design with three replications. Results showed that in plants treated with salinity, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoid contents were reduced in comparison with control plants. However, the salinity increased MDA, other aldehydes, catalase and peroxidase activity in shoots. Results also indicted that applying salicylic acid, especially with concentration of 10 and 15µM, increased the membrane lipid peroxidation and decreased the membrane stability index as compared to the control plants. Results also showed that using 5µM salicylic acid did not significantly improve the salt stress effects compared to the control plants. However, concentration of 20µM salicylic acid increased stress, and decreased the above mentioned parameters. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - Effect of Salicylic Acid Application under Salinity Conditions on Physiologic and Morphologic Characteristics of Artemisia (Artemisia annua L.)
K. Eskandari Zanjani A.H. Shirani Rad A. Moradi Agdam T. TaherkhaniTo eveluate the effect of salicylic acid application under salinity stress conditions on physiologic and morphologic characteristics of artemisia, a factorial experiment based on Randomized Complete Block Design with four replications was conducted in Zanjan, Iran, duri MoreTo eveluate the effect of salicylic acid application under salinity stress conditions on physiologic and morphologic characteristics of artemisia, a factorial experiment based on Randomized Complete Block Design with four replications was conducted in Zanjan, Iran, during 2010-11. Treatments used were salinity four levels (0 (control), 4, 8 and 12 ds. m-1) and two levels salicylic acid (control and application of 0.5 mM). Traits measured were plant height, number of lateral shoot, seed yield of flowering shoots, antioxidant enzymes activity like catalas and superoxide dismutase, proline concentration and chlorophyll content of leaves were evaluated. The results showed that salinity stress decreased plant height, number of lateral shoot, seed yield of flowering shoots and chlorophyll content, and application of salicylic acid under both stress and non-stress conditions improved the above mentioned traits. Salinity stress also increased activity of antioxidant enzymes as well as catalase and superoxide dismotase and proline accumulation. Application of salicylic acid under both non-stress and salinity stress conditions decreased activity antioxidant enzymes and proline accumulation and reduced the effects salinity stress. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - Evaluation of Yield and Yield Components of Maize by Foliar Application of Salicylic Acid
Mahmood Tohidi Rahim FalahiTo study the effect of salicylic acid concentrations and foliar application times on yield and yield components of maize in the northern Khuzestan, a field experiment in 2014-2015, as factorial in the form of randomized complete block design with three replications was MoreTo study the effect of salicylic acid concentrations and foliar application times on yield and yield components of maize in the northern Khuzestan, a field experiment in 2014-2015, as factorial in the form of randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted. Experimental factors were salicylic acid concentration in five levels, 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 1 Mm and foliar application times with three levels: once at 6-8 leaf stage, twice at 6-8 leaf stage and ten days after that, thrice at 6-8 leaf stage and twenty days after that. Results showed that the leaf area index, grain yield and yield components, like grain thousand weight, number of kernel rows per ear and number of kernels per row, were affected significantly by different salicylic acid concentrations and foliar application times, but the effect of salicylic acid concentration ×foliar application time interactions were not significant. Biologic yield was affected by different concentration of salicylic acid. The highest biologic yield of 18150 kg/ha related to 0.75 Mm salicylic acid concentration and lowest to control (no foliar application) with 15140 kg.ha-1, but the effect of foliar application times and their interactions were not significant. Foliar application of salicylic acid increased grain yield. The highest grain yield of 8998 kg.ha-1 related to 1 Mm concentration treatment and lowest (6897 kg.ha-1) to control (no foliar application). Highest grain yield (8592 kg.ha-1) belonged to two time foliar applications, at 6-8 leaf stage and ten days after that. The conclusion is that the application of salicylic acid could be beneficial in increasing grain yield of maize. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - The Impacts of Mycorrhiza and Phsphorus Along with the Use of Salicylic Acid on Maize Seed Yield
Fedra Taheri Oshtrinani Amin FathiThe effects of biological and chemical fertilizers, along with the use of salicylic acid, on the agronomic characteristics of corn in a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications were evaluated at the Agricultural Research Sta MoreThe effects of biological and chemical fertilizers, along with the use of salicylic acid, on the agronomic characteristics of corn in a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications were evaluated at the Agricultural Research Station of Boroujerd in 2011. Factors were three levels of phosphorus fertilizer (0, 100 and 150 kg ha), two levels of biological fertilizers (mycorrhizal fungi) (inoculation and non- inoculation of seeds) and two levels of salicylic acid (0.5 and 1 mM), respectively. The results showed that phosphorus fertilizer and mycorrhizal inoculation of seeds affected number of seed rows, seed weight, seed yield and biological yield significantly. Seed yield of plants inoculated with mycorrhiza was 8412 kg.ha-1 which is 24% higher than non-inoculated ones. The effect of salicylic acid on plant height, stem diameter, ear length, ear diameter, number of seed rows, seed weight, seed yield and biological yield and harvest index was also significant. The yield of plants with 1 mM salicylic acid treatment amounted to be 8316 kg.ha-1 which is 24% higher than none treated ones. Phosphorus and mycorrhizal interaction on the number of rows of seeds, seed weight, seed yield and biological yield were significant. Salicylic acid and phosphorus interactions and three way treatment effects were only significant on grain yield. This study showed that salicylic acid and mycorrhizal inoculation of seeds can increase seed yield by improving yield components. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - اثر پیش تیمار بذر با سالیسیلیک اسید بر شاخصهای جوانهزنی گیاهچههای کلزا (Brassica napus) در شرایط تنش شوری
فرشاد سرخی مجتبی فاتح -
Open Access Article
16 - بررسی روابط همبستگی و خصوصیات مرحله جوانهزنی ژنوتیپهای مختلف برنج تحت پیش تیمار سالیسیلیکاسید
رضا جلالی فر مهین خرازی سیده معصومه مشکات -
Open Access Article
17 - تأثیر سالیسیلیک اسید در واکنش بذرهای زوالیافته گندم به تنش شوری در مرحله جوانهزنی
محبوبه بصیری1 محسن موسوینیک آسیه سیاهمرگوئی مریم زارع -
Open Access Article
18 - تأثیر پیشتیمار بذر با سالیسیلیک اسید بر ویژگیهای گیاهچه و قابلیت جوانهزنی بذرهای پیر شده شنبلیله (Trigonellafoenum-graecum)
سینا سیاوشمقدم امیر رحیمی سیدعلی نورحسینی امید محمدی ویدا قاسمی -
Open Access Article
19 - ارزیابی اثر سالیسیلیک اسید و اکسین بر شاخصهای جوانهزنی گیاه مرزه (Satureja hortensis L.) تحت تنش خشکی و شوری
طیبه سنجری مزاج خدیجه احمدی حشمت امیدی -
Open Access Article
20 - Effect of water deficit stress and application of humic and salicylic acid on physiological traits, yield and yield components of corn
Seyyed Moosavi hossain Ragh araIn order to study the effect of water deficit and the application of humic and salicylic acid on physiological traits, yield and yield components of corn, an experiment was carried out as a split-plot based on randomized complete blocks design with three replications at MoreIn order to study the effect of water deficit and the application of humic and salicylic acid on physiological traits, yield and yield components of corn, an experiment was carried out as a split-plot based on randomized complete blocks design with three replications at the research field of Islamic Azad Universityof Birjand, Iran in 2014. The main factor was irrigation in three levels (supply of 33, 67 and 100% water requirement) and the sub-factor was humic and salicylic acid application in 4 levels (application of humic acid, salicylic acid, humic + salicylic acid and no application). The results of variance analysis showed that irrigation significantly affected traits of physiological, seed yield components and yield but humic acid and salicylic acid application significantly affected chlorophyle index, stomatal conductivity, 1000-seed weight and seed yield. Also, interaction effect of irrigation and humic acid and salicylic acid was no significant on measured traits. Chlorophyle index, stomatal conductivity, ear number per m2, row number per ear, seed number per row, seed number per ear and 1000-seed weight significantly decreased by 15.6, 35.6, 41.2, 14.1, 33.9, 61.8 and 40%, respectively with the decreas of water requirement from 100 to 33%. Seed yield and biological yield in treatment of 100% water requirement supply, had significantly superiority 3.9 and 2.4 times, respectively as compared with treatment of 33% water requirement supply. Chlorophyle index by 7.5, 7.7 and 8.9%, 1000-seed weight by 22.5, 26.6 and 20.7% and seed yield by 26.5, 18.5 and 21.7%, significantly increased with application of humic acid, salicylic acid and humic acid + salicylic acid respectively as compaed with no application of this acids. The results showed that supply of 100% water requirement and independent application of humic acid or salicylic acid can increase seed yield of corn. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - The effect of various concentrations salicylic acid on mitigation of sodium chloride stress in growth parameters and photosynthetic pigments of sunflower plant (Helianthus annuus L.)
Kobra MahdavianS Soil salinity is a serious environmental problem that has negative effect on plants’ growth and production. On the other hand, salicylic acid plays an essential role in preventing oxidative damage in plants by detoxifying superoxide radicals produced as a resul MoreS Soil salinity is a serious environmental problem that has negative effect on plants’ growth and production. On the other hand, salicylic acid plays an essential role in preventing oxidative damage in plants by detoxifying superoxide radicals produced as a result of salinity. In this research the effect of different concentrations of salicylic acid, sodium chloride, and interaction effects of both factors were studied on morphological and biochemical parameters in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) plants. NaCl concentrations of 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 mM and salicylic acid concentrations of 0, 0.5, 1, and 1.5 mM were used in the form of a factorial experiment in a complete randomized design (CRD). Results showed that salinity caused significant decrease in shoot and root length, fresh and dry weights, chlorophylls, and carotenoid of plants while in salicylic acid pre-treated plants, this reduction has been moderated. On the other hand, increasing the amount of anthocyanin, chlorophylls, and carotenoid indicated the role of salicylic acid in increasing the tolerance of this plant to sodium chloride stress. These findings suggest that salicylic acid application increases plant tolerance to sodium chloride stress. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - The effect of different concentrations of salicylic acid on physiological parameters in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)
kobra mahdavianSalicylic acid (SA) is an antioxidant which has been used in recent years to increases the resistance of plants to deal with stresses. In this study 5 weeks after germination, different concentrations (0.1, 0.7, 1.5, 3, 6 and 9 mM) of salicylic acid application were inv MoreSalicylic acid (SA) is an antioxidant which has been used in recent years to increases the resistance of plants to deal with stresses. In this study 5 weeks after germination, different concentrations (0.1, 0.7, 1.5, 3, 6 and 9 mM) of salicylic acid application were investigated on germination, shoot and root length, anthocyanin, reduced sugars, protein, ascorbic acid, dehydroascorbic acid and proline in pepper. The results showed that under experimental conditions concentrations of 0.1, 0.7, 1.5 and 3 mM of SA increased germination, shoot and root length, but 6 and 9 mM of SA concentrations decreased germination percent, shoot and root length. Concentrations of 1.5 and 3 mM of SA decreased ascorbic acid and dehydroascorbic acid content, but concentrations 6 and 9 mM of SA increased ascorbic acid and dehydroascorbic acid content in the leaf of pepper plant. Concentrations of 1.5 and 3 mM SA caused significant increase in sugars and protein content in treated leaf but 6 and 9 mM of concentrations SA decreased sugars and protein content. Also, other research findings showed that under experimental conditions, different concentrations (0.7, 1.5, 3, 6 and 9 mM) of SA increased content of anthocyanin and proline in the leaf of pepper plant . In general, treatment of SA low and height concentrations has positive and negative effects on plant growth on the growth of the pepper plant, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - The effect of interval irrigation and growth regulators on some morphophysiological traits of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L) cultivars
eshaq arekhi Hossein Ajam Noruzi Kamal Ghasemi Bezdi elham faghaniTo study the effect of interval irrigation and growth regulators on morphophysiological traits of cotton cultivars, an experiment was conducted as a split factorial in randomized complete block design in 2017 and 2018 in Hashemabad Cotton Research Station in Gorgan, Ira MoreTo study the effect of interval irrigation and growth regulators on morphophysiological traits of cotton cultivars, an experiment was conducted as a split factorial in randomized complete block design in 2017 and 2018 in Hashemabad Cotton Research Station in Gorgan, Iran. Treatments consisted of intervals of irrigation at two levels (two weeks and four weeks) as the main factor and six-level growth regulator treatments (control, benzyl adenine, abscisic acid, salicylic acid, brassinosteroid, and cycocel) and three cotton cultivars (Golestan, Kashmar, and Shayan) were also considered as sub-factors. The results of this study showed that proline content and relative water content of leaf decreased with water deficit stress. Maximum proline content (3.55 µg/g fresh weight) was obtained from Shayan cultivar with salicylic acid. Benzyl adenine and brassinosteroids increased relative leaf water content. The highest cell membrane stability (2.998%) was observed in Kashmar cotton cultivar and two-week interval irrigation, and Cycocel increased the membrane stability by 15%. Plant height, number of flowers, and number of bolls were affected by growth regulators, irrigation intervals, and cultivars. With increasing irrigation period, plant height, flower number, and boll number decreased in all cultivars, but under drought stress, Golestan cultivar had more flowers and boll number than other cultivars. Cycocel, salicylic acid, and brassinosteroids significantly increased flowering of cultivars at both years and both irrigation intervals. Benzyl adenine and brassinosteroids increased plant height more than 7% and abscisic acid, cycocel, and salicylic acid decreased plant height compared with control. Application of abscisic acid reduced the number of bolls by 22% compared with the control. Overall, growth regulators, especially cycocel and salicylic acid, increased the morphophysiological traits of cotton cultivars indicating their positive effect on drought tolerance and it could play a role in moderating stress effects under stress conditions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - Effect of mycorrhiza and salicylic acid on yield and physiological parameters of maize (Zea mays)
Poria Mazloom mohsen peyman younespor Morteza Sam daliri Amir Abbas Mousavi Mirkalaei Morteza Moballeghi,In order to investigate the effect of mycorrhizal symbiosis and foliar application of salicylic acid on yield and photosynthetic pigments of corn, an experiment was conducted in the form of split plot in a randomized complete block design with three replications during MoreIn order to investigate the effect of mycorrhizal symbiosis and foliar application of salicylic acid on yield and photosynthetic pigments of corn, an experiment was conducted in the form of split plot in a randomized complete block design with three replications during two cropping years 2018-2019 in the research farm of Islamic Azad University, Chalous Branch. Experimental factors included mycorrhiza species (G. mosseae), (G. geosporum), and (G. intraradices) at two levels (no consumption and consumption of mycorrhiza) and salicylic acid at two levels (no consumption and consumption of 1 mM salicylic acid). Results showed that the dual effects of mycorrhiza × year and mycorrhiza × salicylic acid had a positive and significant effect on all studied traits. The highest plant height was obtained in the treatment with G. intraradices and salicylic acid. Also, 1000 grain weight, seed yield, phosphorus, potassium, and nitrogen contents of seeds, and chlorophyll a and b levels were higher in salicylic acid foliar treatment compared with the other treatments. In general, the results showed that mycorrhizal application with salicylic acid spray increased vegetative and reproductive growth. This enhancement is due to the increase in photosynthesis index and, consequently an increase in photosynthetic materials dedicated to the development of reproductive organs, which ultimately improves corn yield. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - A review of the effects of drought stress on plants and some effective strategies in crop management
Amin Fathi Abbas Maleki Rahim NaseriThe world is facing major challenges such as climate change, floods, population growth and a variety of environmental stress. All of this can directly or indirectly affect agriculture. Drought is one of the most important abiotic stresses and a limiting factor in the su MoreThe world is facing major challenges such as climate change, floods, population growth and a variety of environmental stress. All of this can directly or indirectly affect agriculture. Drought is one of the most important abiotic stresses and a limiting factor in the successful production of plant products around the world and has adverse effects on the morphological and physiological activities of plants. Adaptation to the effects of drought stress is the result of changes in growth, physiological and biochemical mechanisms that cause changes in growth rate, stomatal conductance, photosynthetic process and enzymatic activities of plants. Drought stress disrupts photosynthesis in plants and gradually reduces carbon dioxide uptake due to closed pores. In addition, drought stress affects the stability of cell membranes and disrupts plant water relationships by reducing water use efficiency. Plants adopt different mechanisms to deal with these conditions. Proper management is very important to prevent the adverse effects of drought stress. Today, researchers are trying to reduce the effects of drought stress by spraying with hormones or hormone-like, growth-promoting bacteria, mycorrhizae, and resistant cultivars. In this paper, we investigate the effects of drought stress on some morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics of plants. Also, some crop management methods have been proposed to overcome the destructive effects of drought stress. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - The effect of external application of salicylic acid on some growth and biochemical indicators of rice (Oryza sativa) plants under salt stress
Bahram RazaviniaAbiotic constraints, such as salinity stress, reduce cereal production. Exogenous application of salicylic acid (SA) can prevent the harm caused to rice by salinity, but the mechanisms by which it increases the tolerance of rice under salinity stress conditions are uncl MoreAbiotic constraints, such as salinity stress, reduce cereal production. Exogenous application of salicylic acid (SA) can prevent the harm caused to rice by salinity, but the mechanisms by which it increases the tolerance of rice under salinity stress conditions are unclear. In this research, the effect of external application of SA on the growth and biochemical traits of rice plants under salinity stress was investigated as a factorial experiment based on a completely randomized design in hydroponic conditions. The results showed that salinity stress decreased photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll and carotenoids), K/Na ratio, and glutathione-ascorbic acid redox state, and, as a result, rice plant growth. However, the application of SA improved the growth and height of rice plants by reducing the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde and increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes. By maintaining K/Na homeostasis and glutathione-ascorbic acid redox states, SA improved plant tolerance and increased photosynthetic pigments in rice plants. SA also increased the accumulation of osmolytes, including free proline and soluble sugars, which can play an important role in modulating the osmotic potential of plant cells under salt stress. The obtained results show that the positive effects of the external application of SA on the accumulation of osmolytes, the K/Na ratio, and the antioxidant defense system lead to increased tolerance to salinity and improved growth of rice plants under salinity stress. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - Effect of salicylic acid in alleviating Ni-induced oxidative stress in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) at germination stage
A.R Jafari, R.A Khavarinejad حمید FahimiThe effects of salicylic acid (SA) in alleviating Ni-induced oxidative stress in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) at germination stage were studied and the changes in radicle and plumule growth (fresh and dry weight and their lengths) were investigated. Exposure to 800&micr MoreThe effects of salicylic acid (SA) in alleviating Ni-induced oxidative stress in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) at germination stage were studied and the changes in radicle and plumule growth (fresh and dry weight and their lengths) were investigated. Exposure to 800µM Ni significantly decreased radicle and plumule growth, and activities of catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) enzymes but increased the concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA). However, treatment with 100µM SA enhanced the activities of these enzymes in plumule tissues but lowered the concentration of MDA in the Ni-stressed wheat compared with the Ni treatment alone. Treatment with SA alleviated the Ni-induced inhibition of radicle and plumule growth.The results showed that treatment with SA enhanced the antioxidant defense activities in Ni-stressed wheat, thus alleviating Ni-induced oxidative damage and enhancing Ni tolerance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - The study of interaction effects of salt (NaCl) and salicylic acid (SA) on activity of catalase and peroxidase enzymes in two cultivar of canola (Hayola 401 and RGS)
حسین Lari Yazdi, عبدالکریم Chehregani, احسان Nazarbeygi,In order to study of interaction effects of salt and salicylic acid, it was used two cultivars of canola (Hayola 401 and RGS). Canola seeds were provided from Lorestan Agriculture Research Center in this experiment. After culturing seeds in experimental environment, the MoreIn order to study of interaction effects of salt and salicylic acid, it was used two cultivars of canola (Hayola 401 and RGS). Canola seeds were provided from Lorestan Agriculture Research Center in this experiment. After culturing seeds in experimental environment, the intact seedling transferred to Hogland half-power culture in the dishes with 650ml capacity. After 24 hours, the plants were placed under different treatment with the salt and salicylic acid. Canola plants were placed in determined rooms and in the light and the dark periods 16 and 8 hours respectively in order to ventilation the dishes were airing every day. The treatments were included 75,100,150mM salt and 5μM salicylic acid. After 20 days, catalase and peroxides activity were tested in the root and leaves of plant. With respect to the results achieved in this research, it was determine that when salinity stress increased, the amount of catalase and peroxidase activity increased. This increase in the roots was more than leaves in both cultivar of canola. With adding 5μM salicylic acid in above environment, it showed the increase of catalase and peroxidase activity, so this case helps to reduce destructive effects of salinity and balance its effects. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
29 - اثر اسید سالیسیلیک بر استحکام، ماندگاری و برخی ویژگیهای کیفی انگور عسکری (Vitis vinifera L.) در طول انبارداری
علی تهرانی فر محمود شور رضا موسی زاده حسین عراقی یحیی سلاح ورزی -
Open Access Article
30 - اثر سالیسیلیک اسید و متیل جاسمونات بر دوام گل و شاخصهای فتوسنتز گل شاخه بریده رز رقم Grand prix
نسرین فرهنگ مهر مریم نیاکان حسین زارعی -
Open Access Article
31 - اثر پیش تیمار بذر با سالیسیلیک اسید بر شاخصهای جوانهزنی گیاهچههای کلزا (Brassica napus) در شرایط تنش شوری
فرشاد سرخی مجتبی فاتح -
Open Access Article
32 - بررسی روابط همبستگی و خصوصیات مرحله جوانهزنی ژنوتیپهای مختلف برنج تحت پیش تیمار سالیسیلیکاسید
رضا جلالی فر مهین خرازی سیده معصومه مشکات -
Open Access Article
33 - تأثیر سالیسیلیک اسید در واکنش بذرهای زوالیافته گندم به تنش شوری در مرحله جوانهزنی
محبوبه بصیری1 محسن موسوینیک آسیه سیاهمرگوئی مریم زارع -
Open Access Article
34 - تأثیر پیشتیمار بذر با سالیسیلیک اسید بر ویژگیهای گیاهچه و قابلیت جوانهزنی بذرهای پیر شده شنبلیله (Trigonellafoenum-graecum)
سینا سیاوشمقدم امیر رحیمی سیدعلی نورحسینی امید محمدی ویدا قاسمی -
Open Access Article
35 - ارزیابی اثر سالیسیلیک اسید و اکسین بر شاخصهای جوانهزنی گیاه مرزه (Satureja hortensis L.) تحت تنش خشکی و شوری
طیبه سنجری مزاج خدیجه احمدی حشمت امیدی -
Open Access Article
36 - اثر بر هم کنش سالیسیلیک اسید و تنش سرما بر فعالیت آنزیم های آنتی اکسیدانی در گیاه شیرین بیان (Glycyrrhiza glabra L)
نرگس سلطانی دلربا رویا کرمیان مسعود رنجبرمقدمه و هدف: جنس شیرین­بیان (Glycyrrhiza) متعلق به تیره Fabaceae، دارای گیاهان علفی چند ساله با سه گونه در ایران است که در بین آن­ها G. glabra L. بیشترین پراکنش را در سطح ایران دارد. عصاره ریشه آن در سراسر دنیا کاربرد وسیعی در پزشکی، صنایع غذایی، دخانیات و صنایع Moreمقدمه و هدف: جنس شیرین­بیان (Glycyrrhiza) متعلق به تیره Fabaceae، دارای گیاهان علفی چند ساله با سه گونه در ایران است که در بین آن­ها G. glabra L. بیشترین پراکنش را در سطح ایران دارد. عصاره ریشه آن در سراسر دنیا کاربرد وسیعی در پزشکی، صنایع غذایی، دخانیات و صنایع دیگر دارد. ترکیب اصلی این گونه شامل فلاونوئید­ها و گلیسیریزین است. Glabridin و Liquiritin بخش عمده فلاونوئید­های این عصاره را تشکیل می­دهند که واجد فعالیت شبه استروژنی، آنتی­اکسیدانی، آنتی هلیکو­باکتر، آنتی­نفریتیک و مهارکنندگی رادیکال­های آزاد می­باشند. در این تحقیق اثر برهم کنش سالیسیلیک اسید با تنش سرما بر فعالیت برخی آنزیم های آنتی اکسیدانی مانند پراکسیداز ‏‏(‏PRX‏) و پلی فنل اکسیداز (‏‎(PPO‎‏ به روش اسپکتروفتومتری و بر اساس آزمایش فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی ‏مورد مطالعه قرار گرفت.‏روش تحقیق: جهت انجام آزمایش اعمال تیمارهای سرما و سالیسیلیک اسید (SA)، بذر­ها به مدت 24 ساعت در غلظت­های 10، 50، 100 و 500 میکرو­مولار سالیسیلیک اسید نگهداری شدند. سپس بذرها به محیط کشت MS پایه انتقال یافتند. نمونه­های شاهد تحت تأثیر SA قرار نگرفتند. پس از 2 هفته دانه­رست­های حاصل جهت اعمال تنش سرما به مدت 5، 10 و 20 ساعت در دمای °C 4 قرار داده شدند. تجزیه آماری داده­ها با استفاده از نرم­افزار SAS نسخه 8 انجام شد و مقایسه میانگین ویژگی­ها با استفاده از آزمون دانکن در سطح احتمال 5 درصد انجام شد.نتایج و بحث: نتایج نشان داد که تنش سرما اثری بر فعالیت آنزیم PPO ندارد و SA فعالیت آن را کاهش می­دهد. هم­چنین با افزایش سطح تنش سرما فعالیت آنزیم PRX کاهش یافت و SA در این شرایط موجب کاهش فعالیت آنزیم شد. لذا ممکن است SA به طور مستقیم در حذف رادیکال­های آزاد نقش داشته باشد و با پاکسازی آن­ها، از افزایش فعالیت آنزیم­های آنتی­اکسیدانی جلوگیری کند. بررسی اثرات تنش­های محیطی بر فعالیت آنزیم­های مهم در مسیرهای متابولیکی گیاه شیرین­بیان، می­تواند در راستای آگاهی از تغییرات کمی و کیفی ترکیبات دارویی این گیاه ارزشمند باشد.توصیه کاربردی/صنعتی: با توجه به اهمیت دارویی گیاه شیرین­بیان مطالعه اثر دیگر تنش­های اکسیدتیو و القاء کننده­هایی مانند سالیسیلیک اسید در دستیابی به منبعی برای تولید سریع و افزایش ترکیبات ثانویه توصیه می­گردد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
37 - اثر اسید جاسمونیک و سالیسیلیک بر میزان ترکیبات فنلی و فلاونوئیدها در عصاره گل همیشه بهار
عبدالله قاسمی پیربلوطی سید عباس موسوی هریس فرهنگ تیرگیر بهزاد حامدیمقدمه و هدف: همیشه بهار (Calendula officinalis L.) گیاهی علفی، یک­ساله و متعلق به خانواده ستاره آسا می باشد. این گیاه از جمله گیاهان دارویی ارزشمند است که علاوه بر خاصیت دارویی جنبه زینتی نیز دارد. به منظور بررسی اثر مقادیر مختلف سالیسیلیک اسید و جاسمونیک اسید Moreمقدمه و هدف: همیشه بهار (Calendula officinalis L.) گیاهی علفی، یک­ساله و متعلق به خانواده ستاره آسا می باشد. این گیاه از جمله گیاهان دارویی ارزشمند است که علاوه بر خاصیت دارویی جنبه زینتی نیز دارد. به منظور بررسی اثر مقادیر مختلف سالیسیلیک اسید و جاسمونیک اسید بر خاصیت فیتوشیمیایی گل همیشه بهار تحقیق حاضر انجام شد. روش تحقیق: مطالعه حاضر در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با سه تکرار در سال 1390 در شرایط مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد شهرکرد انجام گرفت. تیمارهای سالیسیلیک اسید در چهار سطح (1- 10 -20 و 40 میلی مول)، جاسمونیک اسید در سه سطح (50- 100 و 200 میلی لیتر) به همراه شاهد (محلول پاشی آب مقطر) و تیمار محلول استون به عنوان حلال جاسمونیک و سالیسیلیک اسید مورد مطالعه و ارزیابی قرار گرفتند. میزان فنل کل، کارتنوئیدها و فلاونوئیدها در عصاره گل همیشه بهار تعیین شد. نتایج و بحث: اثرات تیمارهای محلول پاشی اسید جاسمونیک و سالیسیلیک بر میزان کارتنوئید و میزان پلی فنل در عصاره گل همیشه بهار در سطح احتمال 1 درصد و بر میزان فلانوئید کل در سطح 5 درصد معنی داری بودند. توصیه کاربردی/صنعتی: با توجه به نتایج حاصل از تحقیق حاضر مشخص شد که محلول پاشی تنظیم کننده های رشد به ویژه اسید جاسمونیک ممکن است سبب تغییرات ماده موثره در گل همیشه بهار شود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
38 - تاثیر تنظیم کنندههای رشد گیاهی روی خصوصیات رویشی و زایشی گل بریده گلایول (Gladiolus hybridus Hort)
عبدالعلی حسامی علی دولتخواهیگلایول یکی از گلهای بریده بسیار مهم به لحاظ تجاری بوده، که در گلآرایی بهطور ویژه مورد استفاده قرار می­گیرد. در این آزمایش، تاثیرات دو روش کاربرد مختلف (اسپری برگسارهای و خیساندن) و غلظتهای مختلف جیبرلیک اسید، سالیسیلیک اسید، میوال و کریزاتسین روی ویژگیهای زایش Moreگلایول یکی از گلهای بریده بسیار مهم به لحاظ تجاری بوده، که در گلآرایی بهطور ویژه مورد استفاده قرار می­گیرد. در این آزمایش، تاثیرات دو روش کاربرد مختلف (اسپری برگسارهای و خیساندن) و غلظتهای مختلف جیبرلیک اسید، سالیسیلیک اسید، میوال و کریزاتسین روی ویژگیهای زایشی و رویشی گلایول شاخه بریده مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. این آزمایش بصورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی با 4 تکرار انجام گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که تنظیم کنندههای رشد گیاهی تاثیر معنیداری بر تعداد گلچه، سطح برگ و وزن و حجم پداژههای تولیدی داشتند. در این آزمایش، بهترین تیمار برای افزایش طول ساقه گل، تیمار اسپری برگساره­ای جیبرلیک اسید در غلظت 50 میلی­گرم در لیتر بود. نتایج نشان داد که غلظت­های بالاتر جیبرلیک اسید نسبت به غلظت­های پایین تر این هورمون بهطور معنی­داری سطح برگ بوته­ها را افزایش دادند. علاوه بر این، بیشترین قطر گلچه در تیمار 100 میلیگرم در لیتر میوال بصورت کاربرد برگساره­ای مشاهده شد. هم چنین بیشترین تعداد گلچه در گیاهان تیمار شده با غلظتهای میانی میوال در هر دو روش کاربرد مشاهده گردید. در این پژوهش، پداژههای خیسانده شده با غلظت 25 میلی­گرم در لیتر میوال به طور موثری وزن و حجم پداژهشان را افزایش دادند. به طورکلی، تنظیم کننده رشد میوال اثرات بهتری نسبت به دیگر تنظیم­کنندههای رشد به­کار رفته در این تحقیق از خود نشان داد. از اینرو، به علت کارایی بالاتر تنظیم کننده رشد میوال، استفاده از آن به منظور افزایش رشد اندام­های رویشی و هم چنین خصوصیات زایشی گل بریده گلایول توصیه می­گردد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
39 - Effect of seed priming and weed management on yield and yield components of maize (Zea mayz L.)
Amin Allah Poudineh1 Hassan Makarian*2 Hamid Abbasdokht2 Mehdi Baradaran Firouz Abadi2 Abbas Nasiri Dehsorkhi3In order to investigate the effect of integrated weed management on yield and yield components of maize (SC704) an experiment was conducted at the research field of Shahrood University of Technology as randomized complete blocks design with four replications. The treatm MoreIn order to investigate the effect of integrated weed management on yield and yield components of maize (SC704) an experiment was conducted at the research field of Shahrood University of Technology as randomized complete blocks design with four replications. The treatments were; weed free, weedy, recommended herbicide dose (nicosulfuron 80 g.a.i. ha-1), hydro priming + reduced herbicide dose (nicosulfuron 40 g.a.i. ha-1), hydro priming + weeding 6 weeks after crop emergence, hydro-priming, hydro-priming + priming with salicylic acid + reduced herbicide dose, priming with salicylic acid, priming with salicylic acid + weeding, priming with salicylic acid + reduced herbicide dose, hydro-priming + priming with salicylic acid + weeding. The results indicated that no significant difference was observed in density and biomass of weeds between the combinations treatments (priming with salicylic acid + reduced herbicide dose and hydro-priming + priming with salicylic acid + weeding 6 weeks after emergence) and herbicide recommended dose treatment. Hydro-priming + reduced herbicide dose increased the biological yield by 25 and 45 percent in comparison to herbicide recommended dose and weed free treatments, respectively. The results indicated that hydro priming + reduced herbicide dose and priming with salicylic acid + reduced herbicide dose of nicosulfuron increased grain yield by 45.3% in comparison to weedy treatment. Based on the results of this experiment, seed priming in combination with reduced dose of herbicide and or with weeding, can effectively control weeds and increase crop yield and also reduce herbicide consumption. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
40 - Evaluation of Cell membrane Instability of Oily Sunflower Varieties under Water Deficit and Salicylic Acid Application
Mohammad Sibi Mohammad Mirzakhani Masoud Gomarian Hesamedin YaqobiExperimental treatments comprised of water stress as a major factor in three levels including I0 = irrigation water requirement of crop (control), I1= 80 percent of the amount of irrigation water requirements of crop, I2= 60 percent of the amount of irrigation water req MoreExperimental treatments comprised of water stress as a major factor in three levels including I0 = irrigation water requirement of crop (control), I1= 80 percent of the amount of irrigation water requirements of crop, I2= 60 percent of the amount of irrigation water requirements of crop in the main plots and different varieties of sunflower including V1= Azargol, V2= Alstar, V3= Ariflor and two levels of salicylic acid containing SA0= without salicylic acid and SA1= with salicylic acid (sprayed) as a minor factor in a factorial combination of sub-plots. The results showed the very significant effect (p<0.01) of different levels of water stress and varieties of sunflower on stem diameter, number of leaves, number of hollow grains, biological yield, ion leakage of cell (cell membrane instability), leaf water content, initial water content and ultimate water of leaf. Salicylic acid also had significant effect on number of leaves, cell ion leakage (cell membrane instability), leaf water content, initial water content and leaf ultimate water at a level of statistical significance, whereas stem diameter, number of hollow grains and biological yield did not affected by salicylic acid. Thus, ion leakage cell increased with increasing intensity of water deficit, therefore the highest average of ion leakage (2854.9 μs) obtained from extreme stress (60 percent of the amount of irrigation water requirements of crop). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
41 - The effect of salicylic acid and calcium carbonate on water use efficiency and some physiological characteristics of maize (Zea mays L.) under water deficiency condition in Marvdasht, Fars Province
mojtaba ebrahimi Mojtaba Alavifazel Yahya Emam Alireza Shekohfar Alireza BagheriThis study was conducted to investigate the effect of salicylic acid and calcium carbonate application on water use efficiency and some physiological characteristics of maize as Split factorial based on Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications during 201 MoreThis study was conducted to investigate the effect of salicylic acid and calcium carbonate application on water use efficiency and some physiological characteristics of maize as Split factorial based on Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications during 2010 and 2011 growing season. The main factor was irrigation levels including three levels (75 mm, 100 mm and 125 mm pan evaporation), from four-leaf stage to the end of growing season and the secondary factors were spraying of four concentration of salicylic acid (control, 1 mM 1.3 mM and 1.7 mM) from the four-leaf stage to the end of growing season and application of four concentration of calcium (control, 1 kg per hectare, 2 kg per hectare and 3 kg per hectare). The studied traits were leaf area index, chlorophyll a and b, proline, grain protein and grain yield. The treatments of Hormone concentration of 1.7 mM and 3 kg per hectare of calcium carbonate at all levels of irrigation caused significant increase in studied traits.Key words: maize, water deficit stress, salicylic acid, calcium carbonate and yield. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
42 - Effect of drought stress and salicylic acid on morphological characteristics and essence yield of Dill (Anethum graveolens L.)
nader omidvar mona dastori abdolraza jafariIn order to evaluate of effect drought stress and salicylic acid on yield and growth parameters and essence of Dill (Anethum graveolens L.) a greenhouse experiment was conducted as factorial arrangement base on (CRD)with four replications in Saffashar city in 2011. The MoreIn order to evaluate of effect drought stress and salicylic acid on yield and growth parameters and essence of Dill (Anethum graveolens L.) a greenhouse experiment was conducted as factorial arrangement base on (CRD)with four replications in Saffashar city in 2011. The first factor consisted of three levels of drought stress (irrigation at field capacity during the growing period, drought stress medium with 2/3 field capacity in both vegetative and flowering stages and severe drought 1/3 field capacity at flowering stage) and the second factor consisted of four concentration of salicylic acid (0, 100, 200, and 300 mg of salicylic acid per liter). Results showed that maximum plant height, shoot dry weight and shot fresh weight can be related to irrigation treatments at field capacity. The lowest measured traits were among the different irrigation treatments on drought stress, with 1/3 field capacity at the flowering stage. Maximum percent ofessence was related to drought stress treatment on 1/3 field capacity at flowering stage and the highest essence yield were obtained to mild and severe drought stress (irrigation at 2/3 field capacity and 1/3 field capacity). Salicylic acid application results showed that the highest fresh and dry weight and essence and essence yield obtained in 300 mg per liter of salicylic acid, and the least was in control. The highest essence yield per hectare was obtained in 2/3 field capacity in both vegetative and flowering stages and the appropriate time could be achieved in both essence percent and essence yield. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
43 - Effect of drought stress and salicylic acid on photosynthesis pigments and macronutrients absorption in two sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) cultivars
E. Nematollahi A. Jafari A. BagheriTo study the drought tolerance of different cultivars of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), an experiment was conducted in factorial experiment based on a completely randomized design with three replications. Two sunflower cultivars named Euroflour and Hysun 33 were used MoreTo study the drought tolerance of different cultivars of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), an experiment was conducted in factorial experiment based on a completely randomized design with three replications. Two sunflower cultivars named Euroflour and Hysun 33 were used as main factor and different levels of drought stress (FC, - 0.3, - 0.6 and - 0.9 MPa) and foliar application of salicylic acid (0 as control and 100 μM) were used as sub factor. Results indicate that by increasing drought level, leaves macronutrients and photosynthesis pigments in both cultivars increased significantly. Maximum rate of decreasing in above parameters observed in –0.9 MPa level. Results show that Hysun33 cultivar is more drought resistance than Euoroflour. Foliar application of salicylic acid in 100 μM concentration has also significantly increase all parameters of both sunflower cultivars under drought stress. ��� ���������حلول پاشی توسط سالیسیلیک اسید (صفر و 100 میکرومولار) به عنوان فاکتور فرعی انتخاب گردیدند. نتایج حاصل از پژوهش حاکی از این است که با افزایش سطوح تنش خشکی، کاهش معنی داری در جذب عناصر غذایی ماکرو و همچنین رنگدانه های فتوسنتزی به وجود آمد. بیشترین میزان کاهش در صفات مذکور، در سطح 9/0- مگاپاسکال بود. با استناد به نتایج این پژوهش، رقم هایسون 33 در مقایسه با یورفلور، به دلیل توانایی بالاتر در جذب عناصر غذایی و همچنین محتوای بیش تر رنگدانه های فتوسنتزی برگ، به عنوان رقم مقاوم تر آفتابگردان نسبت به شرایط تنش خشکی در مقایسه با رقم یوروفلور شناخته شد. محلول پاشی سالیسیلیک اسید با غلظت 100 میکرومولار نیز از طریق افزایش معنی دار جذب عناصر غذایی ماکرو و رنگدانه های فتوسنتزی، سبب کاهش خسارت ناشی از تنش خشکی در هر دو رقم آفتابگردان گردید. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
44 - Effect of Pretreatment of Salicylic acid on Seed Germination of Wheat cultivars under different Salt Stress
M. Jiriaie E. FatehIn order to study Effect of Pretreatment of Salicylic acid on Seed Germination of Wheat cultivars(BC ROSHAN & ALVAND) under Salt Stress, an experiment was conducted in the research laboratory of Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Iran in 2011. The experimental desi MoreIn order to study Effect of Pretreatment of Salicylic acid on Seed Germination of Wheat cultivars(BC ROSHAN & ALVAND) under Salt Stress, an experiment was conducted in the research laboratory of Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Iran in 2011. The experimental design was factorial based on completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications. The treatments including of Treatments of wheat seedling cultivars (BC ROSHAN & ALVAND), salicylic acid (SA) (1mM without and with using) and Salt stress was inducted by NaCl solution (0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 dc/m) have been used. For this purpose after surface sterilization of seeds, they were soaked in SA solutions for 24 h and then dried by sterile paper then transferred in to sterile petri dishes and added 10 ml NaCl solution with different concentrations. In this experiment, in standard germination test traits of seed germination percentage, germination rate and mean of germination time and in seedling growth test traits of seedling length and dry weight of seedlings have been measured. The results showed salinity decreased seed germination of wheat cultivars in general concentration of NaCl (12 dc/m) decreased germination over 30% as compared with control. Too SA increased the seedling length and dry weight of seedlings. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
45 - The response of relatively water content, grain protein, yield and yield components of dry land wheat to salicylic and ascorbic acid
Sh. Moradi N. A. Sajedi Sh. KhaghaniIn order to investigate the effect salicylic acid and ascorbic acid on relatively watercontent, yield and yield components of wheat in dry land condition, an experiment was carried out as complete randomized block design with four replicates at a field in Hendoudar city MoreIn order to investigate the effect salicylic acid and ascorbic acid on relatively watercontent, yield and yield components of wheat in dry land condition, an experiment was carried out as complete randomized block design with four replicates at a field in Hendoudar city, in 2014-2015. Experimental treatments were included, without foliar application (control), foliar application withwater distillate, foliar application with 100 and 200 mg/Lit ascorbic acid, foliar application with 100 and 200 mg/Lit salicylic acid, foliar application with 100 mg/Lit ascorbic acid along with 100 mg/Lit salicylic acid, foliar application with 100 mg/Lit ascorbic acid along with 200 mg/Lit salicylic acid, foliar application with 200 mg/Lit ascorbic acid along with 100 mg/Lit salicylic acid and foliar application with 200 mg/Lit ascorbic acid along with 200 mg/Lit salicylic acid. The result showed that, the maximum of number of seed per spike and protein percentage was obtained from foliar application with 200 mg/Lit ascorbic acid along with 200 mg/Lit salicylic acid. Foliar application with 200 mg/Lit ascorbic acid along with 200 mg/Lit salicylic acid increased the1000 grains weight 17% as compared to control. The maximum of relative water content in leaf was record from foliar application with 100 mg/Lit salicylic acid along with 200 mg/Lit ascorbic acid. The highest grain yield (1712.5 kg/ha) was obtained from foliar application 200 mg/Lit salicylic acid along with 100 mg/Lit ascorbic acid. It could be concluded that foliar application of salicylic acid along with ascorbic acid in drought stress condition was led to obtain quality and quantity optimum yield. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
46 - Effect of seed priming on the germination of forage maize under salt stress
M. Zadehbagheri SH. Javanmardi M. KamelmaneshGermination and seedling establishment of the major stages in the life cycle of plants is influenced by various environmental factors. This study was designed to investigate the effect of seed priming on germination characteristics of forage maize plant was done. Primin MoreGermination and seedling establishment of the major stages in the life cycle of plants is influenced by various environmental factors. This study was designed to investigate the effect of seed priming on germination characteristics of forage maize plant was done. Priming treatments included four levels (zero, 1, 2 and 3 mM), salicylic acid and salinity of 4 concentrations (zero, 1, 2 and 3%) sodium chloride, respectively. Factorial experiments in completely randomized design with three replications at the Research Lab of the Faculty of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz was performed. Priming with salicylic acid improve percentage rate, the germination index. The results showed that the effect of priming with salicylic acid and salinity on the percentage, speed of germination index, see Index Seed, Seedling and rootlet weight was significant. Highest percentage, speed of germination index of seeds by salicylic acid, 1 and 2 mM prim and salinity was free environment. Vigor index of seeds by salicylic acid, 1 and 2 mM prim and salinity conditions were 1% had the maximum value. Salicylic acid concentration increased to 3 mM reduced traits was assessed in this study. Seedling fresh weight of the seeds by the concentration of 2 mM prim and salinity conditions were 2 percent was highest. Interaction among different concentrations of salicylic acid and sodium chloride showed no significant difference in terms of weight rootlet. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
47 - Effect of water stress, taking zeolite and salicylic acid on yield and yield components of spring safflower
Mohamad Sibi Mohamad Mirzakhani Masoud Gomarian In order to study the effect of water stress, taking zeolite and salicylic acid on yield and yield components of spring safflower, an experimental was done in 2010. Experiment was performed as split factorial based on RCBD with 4 replicati More In order to study the effect of water stress, taking zeolite and salicylic acid on yield and yield components of spring safflower, an experimental was done in 2010. Experiment was performed as split factorial based on RCBD with 4 replications. Water stress was selected as major factor in three levels (I0 = Irrigation water requirement plants as control, I1 = 85% and I2 =70% of the amount of irrigation water requirements) in the main plots and consuming different amounts of zeolite at three levels (Z0= not taking zeolite as control, Z1= zeolite amount consumed 4 tons per hectare and Z2= zeolite consumption amount consumed 8 t.ha-1) and two levels of salicylic acid SA0= no salicylic acid and SA1= consumption and sprayed salicylic acid) as a minor factor in a factorial combination of sub-plots were placed.The results showed that the effect of different levels of water stress on traits such as plant height, boll number per plant, grain per boll, yield of boll grain and biological yield in sub-percent probability level was significant. Also, different levels of consumption zeolite on the characteristics such as, the number of boll per plant, seeds per boll, grain yield and biological yield in sub-attribute level and statistical plant height in a percentage level of 5% were significant. Salicylic acid also taking on the characteristics such as number of grain per boll and yield levels was statistically significant in a percentage. Among different levels of water stress, the highest and lowest average grain yield 954.75 and 455.29 kg ha-1, respectively, related to irrigation and 70% based on 100% water plant was needed. Also between different levels of maximum and minimum consumption of zeolite with an average grain yield 823.58 and 589.33 kg ha-1 respectively consumed 8 tons of treated zeolite and zeolite used was not treated. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
48 - Effect of PGPR and water deficit on agronomical traits of wheat (cv. Shahriar)
M. Jiriaie N. A. Sajedi H. Madani M. SheikhiIn order to study effect of PGPR and water deficit on agronomical traits of wheat (cv. Shahriar), an experiment was conducted in the research station of Islamic Azad University- Arak Branch, Iran in 2009-2010. The experimental design was split factorial based on RCBD wi MoreIn order to study effect of PGPR and water deficit on agronomical traits of wheat (cv. Shahriar), an experiment was conducted in the research station of Islamic Azad University- Arak Branch, Iran in 2009-2010. The experimental design was split factorial based on RCBD with three replications. The treatments including of water deficit stress in three level: 50%, 75% and 100% crop water requirement in were assigned to main spilt and plant grow promote regulators including of salicylic acid(without and with using) and CCC(Chlormequat chloride) (without and with using) as factorial were randomized to sub plot. Results showed water deficit stress reduced traits. Bat with sprayed CCC and SA in water deficit and irrigation equal 100% crop water requirement increased length ear weight ear per in ear weight and yield treats. In condition of irrigation equal 75% and 50% crop water requirement, application of along salicylic acid and CCC as compared without use these, increased yield and yield component. Using of together salicylic acid and CCC increased yield grain by 13.5% as compared with control. In general results this experiment showed that under water limitation condition, with irrigation equal 75% crop water requirements and use together salicylic acid and CCC can obtain to yield of acceptable. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
49 - The effect of seed Priming and planting date on yield and yield components of wheat Chamran variety in north of Khuzestan.
Shapour Lorzadeh Mehran SharafizadehIn order to investigate effect of seed priming and plantig date on yield and yield components of wheat Chamran variety the research in both laboratory and field in Dezful –Safiabad research center in 2014-2015 was conducted. Treatments include priming with salicyl MoreIn order to investigate effect of seed priming and plantig date on yield and yield components of wheat Chamran variety the research in both laboratory and field in Dezful –Safiabad research center in 2014-2015 was conducted. Treatments include priming with salicylic acid in the four levels {control (distilled water), 0.7, 1.2, 1.7 mM} and four levels of planting date (10 December, 20 December, 30 December, 9 January) in the factorial design based on randomized completely design was conducted at research farm of Agriculture Research Center. The results showed that the effect of planting date on yield and its components were significant at the 1% level. Traits in the latest sowing date significantly decreased. Grain yield in the third planting date (10 January) the highest amount (6207.7 kg / ha).The highest biological yield and harvest index the amount of (14155 kg / ha) and (44.03%) in the third planting date were observed, respectively. In general, the traits were significantly decreased in the last planting date. So to achieve the highest yield, at a concentration of 7.0 mM priming and culture of 10 January date is recommended. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
50 - The effect of application of vermicompost and salicylic acid on activity of antioxidant enzymes and yield of milk thistle (Silybum Marianum L.) in different irrigation conditions
Morteza Shalalvand Alireza Pazoki Reza Monem Majid AbdoliIn order to investigate the effects of different irrigation methods on yield and some physiological characteristics and activity of antioxidant enzymes of milk thistle (Silybum marianum L.) under using of vermicompost and salicylic acid, a field experiment was conducted MoreIn order to investigate the effects of different irrigation methods on yield and some physiological characteristics and activity of antioxidant enzymes of milk thistle (Silybum marianum L.) under using of vermicompost and salicylic acid, a field experiment was conducted as split-factorial based on randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replicates on Shahr-e-Rey station during 2014-15 growing seasons. Irrigation methods as the main factor were conducted on four levels (including drip irrigation, basin irrigation, furrow irrigation, and alternate middle irrigation) and using of vermicompost on two levels (0 and 15 ton/ha) and application of salicylic acid on two levels (0 and 1 mM) were performed as minor factors. The results showed the highest activity of antioxidant enzymes including catalase, superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, and glutathione peroxidase were observed in alternate middle irrigation with the combined consumption of vermicompost and salicylic acid and the lowest them activity in drip irrigation. The amount of malondialdehyde was higher in alternate middle irrigation than drop irrigation and application of vermicompost and salicylic acid simultaneously was decreased amount of malondialdehyde. Also, the highest seed yield and chlorophyll content were observed in drip irrigation with the combined consumption of vermicompost and salicylic acid. The results of this study showed that consumption of vermicompost and salicylic acid has a role in eliminating the negative effects of stress, and can improve the activity of antioxidant enzymes and increase the yield of milk thistle plant. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
51 - The effects of biological and chemical fertilizers to use salicylic acid on morphological characteristics and yield of corn
Federa Taheri Oshtrinani Amin FathjIn order to examine the effects of biological and chemical fertilizers with the use of salicylic acid on the agronomic characteristics of corn as a factorial experiment in randomized complete block design with three replications at the Agricultural Research Station in 2 MoreIn order to examine the effects of biological and chemical fertilizers with the use of salicylic acid on the agronomic characteristics of corn as a factorial experiment in randomized complete block design with three replications at the Agricultural Research Station in 2011 was Boroujerd. Factors examined included three levels of phosphorus fertilizer (0, 100 and 150 kg ha), two levels of biological fertilizer (mycorrhizal fungi) (seed inoculation and seed inoculation) and two levels of salicylic acid (0/5 and 1 mM), respectively. The results showed that phosphorus fertilizer and mycorrhizal significant effect on plant height, stem diameter, ear length, ear diameter, grain yield and biological yield, respectively, with the application of 150 kg P ha grain yield of 9006 kg was found that 48% More the treatment of non-usage. In the case of seed inoculation with mycorrhiza on the amount of 8412 kg per hectare, respectively, which was 24% higher than the treatment of non-inoculated seeds. Salicylic acid has a significant effect on plant height, stem diameter, ear length, ear diameter, grain yield and biological yield and harvest index. The application of 1 mM salicylic acid yield of 8316 kg per hectare, respectively, which was 24% higher than the treatment of non-use. Phosphorus and mycorrhiza interaction on grain yield and biological yield was significant. Salicylic acid and phosphorus interaction and effect on yield only three treatments was significant. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
52 - Effect of pretreatment salicylic acid on germination and seedling growth in sweet corn (Zea mays L.) under salt stress conditions
Prisa Sojoodi meysam oveysi Farshad GhooshchiTo study the effect of salicylic acid pretreatment on germination and alpha-amylase enzyme activity, sweet corn seedling in salinity, physiological testing Varamin Agricultural University - master design. Sweet corn seeds, varieties Saccharata after soaking in solution MoreTo study the effect of salicylic acid pretreatment on germination and alpha-amylase enzyme activity, sweet corn seedling in salinity, physiological testing Varamin Agricultural University - master design. Sweet corn seeds, varieties Saccharata after soaking in solution (0, 0.5 and 1 mM) of salicylic acid for 24 h for germination under salt stress conditions, the paper roller dipped in a solution of NaCl concentrations (0, 25, 50, 100 and 200 mM) were transferred and in vitro tests. After germination, germination percentage, seedling dry weight and alpha-amylase enzyme activity was measured. Results showed that salinity reduces germination in seeds of sweet corn, and 200 mM salt concentration decreases, so 33.58 is the control of germination. Salicylic acid also was found to have a positive impact on germination as well as control and stress treatments increased germination will occur. Salicylic acid is used to increase seedling dry weight. Enzyme activity assays showed that the alpha-amylase enzyme activity in terms of reduced salinity and salicylic acid increases the activity of this enzyme, ie to reduce the effects of salinity. According to the obtained results it can be concluded that pretreatment of sweet corn seeds with salicylic acid, 1 mM Had a positive effect on germination and affects the antioxidant defense system of the plant sweet corn seedlings under salt stress is increased resistance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
53 - Effect of Foliar Applications of Various Levels of Salicylic Acid on Yield and Yield Components of Two Barley Cultivars under Dry Land Farming Conditions
Negar Farhadi Manouchehr Sayyahfar Ghodratollah ShakaramiIn order to study the effect of barley variety and various amounts of salicylic acid concentrations on yield and yield components of barley under dry land farming conditions, an experiment was conducted as factorial based on completely randomized block design with three MoreIn order to study the effect of barley variety and various amounts of salicylic acid concentrations on yield and yield components of barley under dry land farming conditions, an experiment was conducted as factorial based on completely randomized block design with three replication during 2014-2015 cropping year in research field of agricultural investigation center of Khorram Abad located in 5 Km away from the city. Studied factors include variety (Izeh and Mahur) and foliar application of salicylic acid (t six levels including 0, 0.5, 1, 1/5, 2 and 2.5 mM salicylic acid). Results showed that highest spike length, spikelet’s number per spike, spikes number per meter square, 1000-grain weight, biological yield and grain yield observed in Izeh cultivar. Also, highest grain number per spike, biological yield and grain yield obtained in 1.5 mM salicylic acid foliar application. Totally, results showed that Izeh cultivar by more rapid germination and more photosynthesis produced more grain yield and foliar application of SA increased plant resistance to water deficit conditions and increased grain yield of barley. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
54 - Effect of Foliar Applications of Various Levels of Salicylic Acid on Yield and Yield Components of Two Barley Cultivars under Dry Land Farming Conditions
Negar Farhadi Manuchehr Sayahfar Ghodratollah ShakaramiIn order to study the effect of barley variety and various amounts of salicylic acid concentrations on yield and yield components of barley under dry land farming conditions, an experiment was conducted as factorial based on completely randomized block design with three MoreIn order to study the effect of barley variety and various amounts of salicylic acid concentrations on yield and yield components of barley under dry land farming conditions, an experiment was conducted as factorial based on completely randomized block design with three replication during 2014-2015 cropping year in research field of agricultural investigation center of Khorram Abad located in 5 Km away from the city. Studied factors include variety (Izeh and Mahur) and foliar application of salicylic acid (t six levels including 0, 0.5, 1, 1/5, 2 and 2.5 mM salicylic acid). Results showed that highest spike length, spikelet’s number per spike, spikes number per meter square, 1000-grain weight, biological yield and grain yield observed in Izeh cultivar. Also, highest grain number per spike, biological yield and grain yield obtained in 1.5 mM salicylic acid foliar application. Totally, results showed that Izeh cultivar by more rapid germination and more photosynthesis produced more grain yield and foliar application of SA increased plant resistance to water deficit conditions and increased grain yield of barley. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
55 - Studying the priming impact with distilled water and salicylic acid on the enzymatic anti-oxidant and the infusion of hemp germination
شيرين کربلای قلیزاده tooraj mir-mahmoodi نبي خليلي اقدمSalicylic acid has significant role in the different stages of plant development ( phenology ). This molecular messenger plays an active role in the plant's defensive response. To elaborate this, studying morpho-physiologic and biochemical, salicylic acid priming ( SA ) MoreSalicylic acid has significant role in the different stages of plant development ( phenology ). This molecular messenger plays an active role in the plant's defensive response. To elaborate this, studying morpho-physiologic and biochemical, salicylic acid priming ( SA ) impacts in 6 levels ( 500, 750, 1000, 1250, 1500, and 1750 micromullar per litre )together with hydro-priming and control on the hemp seeds in the complete random blocks in 4 replications in the laboratory and greenhouse setting was designed and carried out. The results indicated the meaningful impact of the priming seeds of the hemp, with SA and distilled water on the antioxidant ( CAT, POD ), the significant indexes of germination ( P<0.05 ), and biologic yield of ( P<0.05 ). With the increase of the levels SA, biological yield had ascending process, and in the highest SA level, it showed 43 percent increase in relation to control. Therefore the usage of external SA increased the germination, better establishment of plantlet and improvement of significant indexes in plant physiology specifically in the primary stages of growth which had influence on the biological yield of the plant. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
56 - The effect of methanol and salicylic acid foliar application on the physiological and antioxidant properties of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) under low irrigation conditions
Samaneh Safajo Ali Faramarzi Jalil Ajali Mehrdad Abdi Mehdi OraeiIn order to investigate the effect of methanol and salicylic acid foliar application on the activity of antioxidant enzymes (catalase, guaiacol peroxidase and ascorbate peroxidase), soluble carbohydrates and proline content of rapeseed (Brassica napus L) in dehydration MoreIn order to investigate the effect of methanol and salicylic acid foliar application on the activity of antioxidant enzymes (catalase, guaiacol peroxidase and ascorbate peroxidase), soluble carbohydrates and proline content of rapeseed (Brassica napus L) in dehydration stress condition, an split-factorial experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design with three replications in two years (2017 and 2018) in Safiabad Agricultural Research and Training Center of Dezful. The treatments of dehydration stress included three levels (70, 140 and 210 mm evaporation) as main plots and combination of treatments of salicylic acid on three level (control, 100 and 20 μmol) and methanol foliar application on three levels (control, 10 and 20 % Volume) as subplots. The results of analysis of variance showed that the effect of dehydration stress on the activity of catalase, guaiacol peroxidase and ascorbate peroxidase enzymes as well as soluble carbohydrates and proline content was significant. Further more, foliar application of methanol and salicylic acid on measured traits was significant Mean comparison showed that dehydration stress has led to increase activity of antioxidant enzymes as well as soluble carbohydrates and proline content. Finally, foliar application of methanol and salicylic acid has reduced the activity of antioxidant enzymes and increased the content of soluble carbohydrates and proline in rapeseed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
57 - The effect of pretreatment of salicylic acid on radish (Raphanus sativus L.) seed germination under salt stress
Mojgan Ghanbari alireza eftekharian jahromi Shourangiz Javanmardi Mohsen FarzanehOptimal germination and plant establishment is an important consideration for agricultural productivity in arid and semi-arid areas. Priming is an approach for increasing plant establishment especially in undesirable conditions. To evaluate the effects of radish seeds p MoreOptimal germination and plant establishment is an important consideration for agricultural productivity in arid and semi-arid areas. Priming is an approach for increasing plant establishment especially in undesirable conditions. To evaluate the effects of radish seeds priming with salicylic acid (SA) on seed germination indices and inducing tolerance to salt stress condition, this experiment was carried out. SA was applied as seed priming in 0, 1, 2 and 3 mM concentrations on radish seeds for 24 hours, then transferred to sterile Petri dishes and added 10 ml of NaCl solution with different concentrations including 0, 4, 8 and 12 dS/m. Germination rate and percentage, radicle and plumule length ratio, radicle / plumule weight ratio and proline content in radicle and plumule were recorded. Salinity decreased radish seed germination in high NaCl concentrations (12 dS/m). Application of SA increased germination percentage in stress and non-stress conditions. SA increased the plumule and radicle length ratio. However, 1 mM SA was the most effective treatment on the percentage and rate of seed germination. Proline content in plumule and radicle was increased under salt stress. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
58 - essential elements content in spring canola seedlings cv. PF under nickel stress
Nader Kazemi Ramazan Ali Khavari-Nejad Taher Nejad-SattariThis research was performed in order to investigate the effect of salicylic acid and sodium nitroprusside on growth and essential elements content in spring canola under nickel stress in laboratory of Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University of Tehran. The i MoreThis research was performed in order to investigate the effect of salicylic acid and sodium nitroprusside on growth and essential elements content in spring canola under nickel stress in laboratory of Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University of Tehran. The interactive effects of nickel, salicylic acid (SA) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) as a donor of nitric oxide (NO) were examined on canola (Brassica napus L. cv. PF) growth. 21-day old canola seedlings (cv. PF) were exposed to different concentrations of NiCl2 , 6H2O (0, 0.5 mM), SA (0, 0.2 mM) and SNP (0, 0.2 mM) for 10 days. Nickel toxicity symptoms such as chlorosis and necrosis were observed on leaves of Ni-treated seedlings. Treatment with Ni resulted in a decrease in fresh and dry weight of roots and shoots. Mineral elements content (Mg, Fe, Ca, P, K) extremely decreased in roots and shoots of Ni-stressed canola seedlings, while the content of N in these seedlings increased in roots and decreased in shoots. Ni was more accumulated in roots than in shoots. In Ni-stressed seedlings, application of SA or NO, especially SA+NO, improved the growth and decreased the toxicity symptoms as compared to Ni-treated seedlings. SA or NO, especially both together, considerably reduced root-to-shoot translocation of Ni and increased the content of mineral elements in roots and shoots of Ni-stressed seedlings. These results showed that SA or NO and in particular their combination, markedly reduced the toxic effects of nickel on canola seedlings by sequestration of Ni in roots and amelioration of mineral nutrition. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
59 - Effect of seed priming with salicylic acid on growth characteristics of borage plants (Borago officinalis) seedlings
Farid Shekari ramin Baljani jalal saba kamran Afsahi faribors ShekariGermination and seedlings establishment are critical stages in the plant life under different environmental conditions. For investigation of seed priming effects on borage plants (Borago officinalis) characteristics, an experiment was carried out in a completely randomi MoreGermination and seedlings establishment are critical stages in the plant life under different environmental conditions. For investigation of seed priming effects on borage plants (Borago officinalis) characteristics, an experiment was carried out in a completely randomized block design in four replications. Treatments consisted of seed priming by salicylic acid concentrations (500, 1000, 1500, 2000 µ M), seeds priming by distilled water (hydropriming) and non priming seeds were considered as control. Results showed that priming with salicylic acid had significant effects on emerged seedlings percentage, mean time to emergence, emergence index, fresh and dry weight, leaf area and specific leaf area (SLA). The highest emergence and emergence index of seedlings with the lowest mean time to emergence was observed in 500 µ M concentration of salicylic acid and the highest seedling dry weight and leaf area were found in 2000 µ m salicylic acid. The lowest values among treatments were belong to control followed by hydropriming of seeds treatment. Results indicated that dry weight of seedlings were increased by increasing emergence index and dereasing the mean time to emergence Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
60 - The effects of biological and chemical fertilizers to use salicylic acid on morphological characteristics and yield of corn
fedora taheri amin fathiIn order to examine the effects of biological and chemical fertilizers with the use of salicylic acid on the agronomic characteristics of corn as a factorial experiment in randomized complete block design with three replications at the Agricultural Research Station in 2 MoreIn order to examine the effects of biological and chemical fertilizers with the use of salicylic acid on the agronomic characteristics of corn as a factorial experiment in randomized complete block design with three replications at the Agricultural Research Station in 2011 was Boroujerd. Factors examined included three levels of phosphorus fertilizer (0, 100 and 150 kg ha), two levels of biological fertilizer (mycorrhizal fungi) (seed inoculation and seed inoculation) and two levels of salicylic acid (0/5 and 1 mM), respectively. The results showed that phosphorus fertilizer and mycorrhizal significant effect on plant height, stem diameter, ear length, ear diameter, grain yield and biological yield, respectively, with the application of 150 kg P ha grain yield of 9006 kg was found that 48% More the treatment of non-usage. In the case of seed inoculation with mycorrhiza on the amount of 8412 kg per hectare, respectively, which was 24% higher than the treatment of non-inoculated seeds. Salicylic acid has a significant effect on plant height, stem diameter, ear length, ear diameter, grain yield and biological yield and harvest index. The application of 1 mM salicylic acid yield of 8316 kg per hectare, respectively, which was 24% higher than the treatment of non-use. Phosphorus and mycorrhiza interaction on grain yield and biological yield was significant. Salicylic acid and phosphorus interaction and effect on yield only three treatments was significant Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
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