in vitro

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1 - ارزیابی صفات مورفولوژیکی و بیوشیمیایی در گیاهچه‌‌‌های چهار رقم زودرس و دیررس سیب‌‌‌زمینی در شرایط درون شیشه‌‌‌ای
فرح فراهانی ملیحه طالبی طاهر برزگر

هدف: با توجه به اهمیت سیب‌‌‌زمینی در اقتصاد و تغذیه انسان، نیاز به تولید بذرهای سالم از طریق کشت بافت جهت بالا بردن کیفیت غده و در نهایت حفظ عملکرد محصول، محسوس می‌باشد. در این راستا، هدف پژوهش حاضر ارزیابی صفات مورفولوژیکی و بیوشیمیایی در گیاهچه‌‌‌های چهار رقم زودرس و چکیده کامل

هدف: با توجه به اهمیت سیب‌‌‌زمینی در اقتصاد و تغذیه انسان، نیاز به تولید بذرهای سالم از طریق کشت بافت جهت بالا بردن کیفیت غده و در نهایت حفظ عملکرد محصول، محسوس می‌باشد. در این راستا، هدف پژوهش حاضر ارزیابی صفات مورفولوژیکی و بیوشیمیایی در گیاهچه‌‌‌های چهار رقم زودرس و دیررس سیب‌‌‌زمینی در شرایط درون شیشه‌‌‌ای است.مواد و روش‌‌ها: چهار رقم تجاری سیب‌‌‌زمینی به صورت ریز نمونه‌های تک‌گره، در محیط کشت MS فاقد هرگونه مواد تنظیم‌کننده رشد گیاهی، کشت داده شد. گیاهچه‌ها پس از 5 هفته رشد کردند. گیاهچه‌ها از نظر صفات مورفولوژیکی (تعداد گیاهچه‌‌‌های تولید شده از یک گیاهچه، طول ساقه، تعداد انشعابات، گره، ریشه و ریزغده) و همچنین صفات بیوشیمیایی (محتوای کلروفیل a، b، کاروتنوئید، آنتوسیانین، فعالیت آنزیم کاتالاز و فعالیت آنزیم پلی فنل اکسیداز) مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفتند.یافته‌‌ها: در صفات مورفولوژیکی، رقم دیررس ساتینا، تعداد گیاهچه و طول ساقه، و رقم زودرس سانته، تعداد ریشه بیشتری را نسبت به سایر ارقام نشان دادند. در بررسی صفات بیوشیمیایی، رقم دیررس آگریا از نظر مقدار رنگیزه‌ها و آنزیم کاتالاز، نسبت به سایر ارقام برتر بود.نتیجه‌گیری: در شرایط رویشی یکسان، ارقام مختلف در صفات رویشی و بیوشیمیایی پتانسیل متفاوتی دارند. الگوی رشد ژنوتیپ‌های مختلف با سنتز مواد غذایی و سطوح متفاوت هورمون‌های داخلی و توازن مابین آنها تعیین می‌شوند و در نتیجه پاسخ‌های گوناگونی نسبت به شرایط محیط کشت می‌دهند.مطالعه حاضر نشان داد که در شرایط رویشی یکسان، ارقام زودرس ساتینا از نظر صفات رویشی و آگریا از نظر مقدار رنگیزه‌ها می‌‌‌توانند برای کشت‌های انبوه انتخاب شوند. پرونده مقاله

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2 - A Brief Study of Magnesium-Zinc Alloy Scaffolds Performance
Z. S Seyedraoufi

Due to good biocompatibility, corrosion and mechanical properties, magnesium (Mg) is considered promising degradable material for orthopedic applications. In this work, Mg-Zn alloy scaffolds were produced via powder metallurgy method. The microstructure, composition, in چکیده کامل

Due to good biocompatibility, corrosion and mechanical properties, magnesium (Mg) is considered promising degradable material for orthopedic applications. In this work, Mg-Zn alloy scaffolds were produced via powder metallurgy method. The microstructure, composition, in vitro corrosion and mechanical properties of magnesium-zinc alloy scaffolds were investigated. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) results indicated the formed nano precipitates consist of MgZn and MgZn2 intermetallics that dispersed in αMg. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images proved that Mg-Zn intermetallics nano precipitates with round morphology and size of 20–50 nm are homogenously dispersed in the αMg matrix. The results showed that the addition of Zn element increases the compressive strength, Young,s modulus and hardness. Also, Mg-(x)Zn alloy scaffolds produced, improved the in vitro anti-corrosion property of the αMg. The best unti-corrosion property is obtained with 3% Zn and further increase of Zn content up 4% deteriorates the corrosion property. All the results suggest that the Mg-Zn alloy scaffolds have the potential to serve as degradable implants for bone substitute applications. پرونده مقاله

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3 - ‘Thankuni’ [Centella asiatica (L.) Urban]: When food is medicine
Lutfun Nahar Satyajit D. Sarker

10.30495/tpr.2021.685072

’Thankuni’ [Centella asiatica (L.) Urban; synonyms: Hydrocotyle asiatica L.; Trisanthus cochinsinensis Lour.] is one of the widely consumed Bangladeshi edible plants from the family Apiaceae (alt. Umbelliferae) (Fig. 1). ‘Thankuni’, also known as چکیده کامل

’Thankuni’ [Centella asiatica (L.) Urban; synonyms: Hydrocotyle asiatica L.; Trisanthus cochinsinensis Lour.] is one of the widely consumed Bangladeshi edible plants from the family Apiaceae (alt. Umbelliferae) (Fig. 1). ‘Thankuni’, also known as ‘Goku Kola’ in India, is an herbaceous perennial plant, indigenous to Bangladesh, India and a few other Asian countries, as well as wetlands of the South-East USA. this plant is called ‘Indian pennywort’ or ‘Asiatic pennywort’. پرونده مقاله

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4 - Preliminary phytochemical analysis and in vitro antioxidant properties of Malaysian ‘Kundang’ (Bouea macrophylla Griffith)
Kumeshini Sukalingam

The main objective of the present study was to evaluate preliminary phytochemical screening and in vitro antioxidant properties of leaves, ripe and unripe fruit extracts of Malaysian ‘Kundang (Bouea macrophylla Griffith; Family: Anacardiaceae), by using different چکیده کامل

The main objective of the present study was to evaluate preliminary phytochemical screening and in vitro antioxidant properties of leaves, ripe and unripe fruit extracts of Malaysian ‘Kundang (Bouea macrophylla Griffith; Family: Anacardiaceae), by using different solvents like water, ethanol, methanol, and hexane. Phytochemical analysis showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, sterols and triterpenes, total phenol, tannins, and vitamin C. The prepared extracts from the leaves and fruits of the plant were further investigated for their potential antioxidant activity using radical scavenging DPPH (2,2'-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) technique, which was compared with ascorbic acid, as standard. This study showed that ripe, unripe fruits and leaves of B. macrophylla have higher amounts of various phytochemicals constituents in methanol and aqueous solvents and possess higher amounts of vitamin C. Moreover, aqueous and methanol extracts of leaves, unripe and ripe fruits of B. macrophylla exhibited a remarkable DPPH radical scavenging activity compared with that of the standard. The results revealed that fruit and leaves extracts are a potential source of antioxidants of natural origin. پرونده مقاله

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5 - Investigation of the interaction between Aripiprazole drug with calf thymus DNA: spectroscopic and molecular docking studies
Saba Hadidi

Studies on the binding mechanism of small molecules with DNA is of great help to understand the action mechanism of some drugs, and therefore, to design new and more efficient DNA targeted drugs. In this research paper, the interaction of native calf thymus DNA with the چکیده کامل

Studies on the binding mechanism of small molecules with DNA is of great help to understand the action mechanism of some drugs, and therefore, to design new and more efficient DNA targeted drugs. In this research paper, the interaction of native calf thymus DNA with the drug Aripiprazole (ARI) has been investigated by absorption, emission, and molecular docking studies. The remarkable hyperchromism as obtained from UV–Visible spectra indicated a high binding affinity of ARI for DNA, which is in accordance with groove binding mode. The results of competitive fluorescence experiments with methylene blue dye along with molecular docking simulation proved that ARI is located in the minor groove of DNA. پرونده مقاله

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6 - توانایی کال‌زایی و باززایی در دو رقم پیاز سفید کاشان و قرمز ری با استفاده از کشت نوک ریشه در شرایط درون شیشه‌ای
آیسان گوراوانچی سیدعلی موسوی زاده علی رضا مطلبی‌آذر ورهرام رشیدی

این مطالعه جهت بررسی تاثیر محیط کشت و ژنوتیپ روی کال‌زایی و باززایی دو رقم پیاز خوراکی از طریق کشت نوک ریشه انجام گرفت. برای کال‌زایی، ریز‌نمونه‌های نوک ریشه ی گیاهچه‌های استریل دو روزه (به طول 1 تا 3 میلی‌متری) روی چهار محیط کشت (1 میلی‌ گرم در لیتر 2,4-D میلی‌گرم در چکیده کامل

این مطالعه جهت بررسی تاثیر محیط کشت و ژنوتیپ روی کال‌زایی و باززایی دو رقم پیاز خوراکی از طریق کشت نوک ریشه انجام گرفت. برای کال‌زایی، ریز‌نمونه‌های نوک ریشه ی گیاهچه‌های استریل دو روزه (به طول 1 تا 3 میلی‌متری) روی چهار محیط کشت (1 میلی‌ گرم در لیتر 2,4-D میلی‌گرم در لیتر 0.5 2,4-D ‌، میلی‌گرم در لیتر 0.5 2,4-D ‌به همراه 0.5 میلی‌گرم در لیتر kinetin، میلی‌گرم در لیتر 1 2,4-D به همراه 1 میلی‌گرم در لیتر kinetin) در شرایط تاریکی قرارگرفتند. واکشت نمونه‌ها بعد از 4 هفته انجام و سپس کال‌های تولیدی به‌ مدت 4 هفته در محیط کشت جنین زایی و پس از تشکیل جنین، 8 هفته در محیط باززایی گیاه قرار داده شدند. نتایج حاصل نشان داد که درصد کال‌زایی به طور معنی‌داری تحت تاثیر نوع رقم و محیط کشت قرار گرفت، اما اثر متقابل این دو عامل بر درصد کال‌زایی معنی‌دار نبود. درصد باززایی گیاه و تعداد جنین در هر کال به طور معنی‌داری تحت تأثیر رقم قرار داشت، اما نوع محیط کشت و اثر متقابل این دو عامل روی درصد باززایی گیاه و تعداد جنین در هر کال معنی‌دار نبود. درصد کال جنین‌زا به طور معنی‌داری تحت تأثیر رقم بوده اما نوع محیط کشت روی درصد کال جنین‌زا تأثیر معنی‌داری نداشت. رقم سفید کاشان نسبت به رقم قرمز ری از درصد کال‌زایی، درصد باززایی گیاه، تعـداد جنین در هر کال، درصد کال جنین زای بالاتری برخوردار بوده و در محیط کشت شـامل ترکیبات هورمونی2,4-D و kinetinبرای کال‌زایی، استفاده از 0.5 میلی‌گرم در لیتر 2,4-D و میلی‌گرم بر لیتر0.5 kinetin می‌تواند مفید باشد. با توجه به درصد کال‌زایی، جنین زایی و درصد باززایی گیاه، رقم سفید کاشان و محیط کشت حاوی 0.5 میلی‌گرم در لیتر 2,4-D نسبت به بقیه ی محیط کشت‌ ‌ها، مناسب تر تشخیص داده شدند. پرونده مقاله

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7 - نقش تنظیم کننده‌های رشد گیاهی و جداکشت‌های مختلف بر پاسخ کشت بافتی و سوسپانسیون سلولی بابونه آلمانی (Matricaria chamomilla L)
لیلا کوهی ناصر زارع رسول اصغری زکریا پریسا شیخ زاده مصدق

بابونه آلمانی (Matricaria chamomilla L.) یکی از گیاهان دارویی مهم است که در صنایع مختلف داروسازی و آرایشی- بهداشتی مورد استفاده قرار می‌گیرد. در این تحقیق که در سال 1391 در دانشکده علوم کشاورزی دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی انجام گرفته است، پاسخ درون شیشه‌ای جداکشت‌های برگ و هی چکیده کامل

بابونه آلمانی (Matricaria chamomilla L.) یکی از گیاهان دارویی مهم است که در صنایع مختلف داروسازی و آرایشی- بهداشتی مورد استفاده قرار می‌گیرد. در این تحقیق که در سال 1391 در دانشکده علوم کشاورزی دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی انجام گرفته است، پاسخ درون شیشه‌ای جداکشت‌های برگ و هیپوکوتیل بابونه آلمانی در محیط کشت‌ گامبورگ(B5) و تحت تأثیر نوع و سطوح مختلف تنظیم‌کننده‌های رشد گیاهی در قالب آزمایش فاکتوریل بر پایه طرح کاملاً تصادفی مورد بررسی شده و کشت سوسپانسیون سلولی آن انجام گرفت. جداکشت‌های هیپوکوتیل و برگ کشت شده بعد از گذشت یک تا دو هفته شروع به تولید کالوس کردند. از بین ترکیب تنظیم کننده رشدی بیشترین رشد کالوس (264.1 میلی‌گرم) مربوط به جداکشت برگ در محیط حاوی 0.5 میلی‌گرم بر لیتر 2,4-D و یک میلی‌گرم بر لیتر BAP بوده و کمترین مقدار آن (40.42 میلی‌گرم) در محیط حاوی 1.5 میلی‌گرم بر لیتر 2,4-D با جداکشت برگ مشاهده شد. برخی از جداکشت‌‌ها و کالوس‌ها در تعدادی از تیمارها ریشه‌های نابجا تولید کردند. بیشترین درصد ریشه‌زایی در جداکشت برگ (58.73%) مربوط به محیط حاوی چهار میلی‌گرم بر لیتر 2,4-D و یک میلی‌گرم بر لیتر کینتین و در مورد جداکشت هیپوکوتیل (48.61%) مربوط به محیط حاوی1.5 میلی‌گرم بر لیتر NAA بود. بیشترین درصد کالوس‌های ترد (42.22%) در جداکشت هیپوکوتیل در محیط B5 حاوی چهار میلی‌گرم بر لیتر NAA و سه میلی‌گرم بر لیترBAP به دست آمد. کشت سوسپانسیون سلولی با انتقال کالوس‌های نرم حاصل از ریزنمونه هیپوکوتیل به محیط کشت MS مایع حاوی 1.5 میلی‌گرم بر لیتر 2,4-D و یک میلی‌گرم بر لیتر کینتین استقرار یافت. منحنی رشد سلولی نشان داد که تکثیر سلول‌ها از روز چهارم بعد کشت شروع شده و تا روز 13 ادامه می‌یابد. سپس، رشد سلولی متوقف شده و کشت‌ها وارد مرحله ایستایی می‌شوند. پرونده مقاله

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8 - مطالعه اثر عصاره فلفل کوهی (Vitagnus castus) بر بلوغ و لقاح آزمایشگاهی اووسیت موش‌های سوری مبتلاشده به سندروم تخمدان پلی‌کیستیک
توحید قربانی امیر کریمی غلامرضا نجفی مقصود بشارتی محسن شرفی

10.30495/jvcp.2020.1881036.1245

عدم کاهش کلاژن دیواره فولیکولی منجر به تجمع فولیکول ها و بروز سندرم تخمدان پلی کیستیک و کاهش کیفیت اووسیت ها می‌گردد. هدف ازمطالعه حاضر بررسی اثر عصاره گیاه فلفل کوهی (Vitagnus castus) بر بلوغ و توان باروری آزمایشگاهی اووسیت‌ها در موش های سوری مبتلاشده به سندرم تخمدان پ چکیده کامل

عدم کاهش کلاژن دیواره فولیکولی منجر به تجمع فولیکول ها و بروز سندرم تخمدان پلی کیستیک و کاهش کیفیت اووسیت ها می‌گردد. هدف ازمطالعه حاضر بررسی اثر عصاره گیاه فلفل کوهی (Vitagnus castus) بر بلوغ و توان باروری آزمایشگاهی اووسیت‌ها در موش های سوری مبتلاشده به سندرم تخمدان پلی کیستیک (ovarian syndrome; PCOpolycystic) بود. بدین منظور تعداد 32 سر موش سوری ماده NMRI (Naval Medical Research Institute) ماده نابالغ 25 روزه با میانگین وزنی 25 گرم تهیه شده از دانشگاه تبریز، به طور تصادفیبه 4 گروه آزمایشی به شرح زیر تقسیم شدند: گروه شاهد بدون دریافت عصاره، گروه کنترل PCO بدون دریافت عصاره، گروه PCO دریافت کننده365 میلی گرم عصاره فلفل کوهی و گروه PCO دریافت کننده730میلی گرم عصاره فلفل‌کوهی. برای تهیه اووسیت، موش های آزمایشی توسط تزریق درون صفاتی هورمون PMSG (pregnant mare serum gonadotropin) تیمار شدند و بعد از آسان کشی،از فولیکول های تخمدانی تخمک گیری به عمل آمده و برای ارزیابی بلوغ و لقاح آزمایشگاهی مورد استفاده قرار گرفتند.نتایج نشان داد که مقادیر هورمون های تستوسترون و استروژن در گروه های PCO تیمارشده با عصاره فلفل کوهی نسبت به گروه PCOدریافت کننده استرادیول والرات به طور معنی داری پایین تر بود (05/0>p ).همچنین تعداد اووسیت های نابالغی که به مرحله متافازII رسیدند در گروهPCOدریافت کننده730 میلی گرم عصاره فلفل کوهی نسبت به گروه PCO دریافت کننده استرادیول والرات به طور معنی داری بالاتربود (05/0>p ). اما درصد اووسیت های لقاح یافته و نیز بلاستوسیست های تولیدی بین گروه های آزمایشی تفاوت معنی داری با هم نداشتند (05/0). از طرف دیگر درصد رویان های هچ شده در گروه PCO دریافت کننده365 میلی گرم عصاره فلفل کوهی به طور معنی داری بالاتر از گروه PCOدریافت کننده استرادیول والرات بود (05/0>p ). یافته های پژوهش حاضر نشان داد که عصاره گیاه فلفل کوهی باعث تکامل بیشتر اووسیت ها جهت لقاح و نیز افزایش تکامل رویان های حاصل از لقاح آزمایشگاهی در حیوانات درگیربا سندرم تخمدان پلی کیستیک می شود. پرونده مقاله

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9 - In vitro behavior of silk fibroin-coated calcium magnesium silicate scaffolds
Masoud Hafezi Hossein Mohammadi Ali Nadernezhad Pardis Fazlali Noor Azuan Abu Osman

Bioceramic scaffolds such as silicate bioceramics have been widely used for bone tissue engineering. However, their high degradation rate, low mechanical strength and surface instability are main challenges compromising their bioactivity and cytocompatibility which furt چکیده کامل

Bioceramic scaffolds such as silicate bioceramics have been widely used for bone tissue engineering. However, their high degradation rate, low mechanical strength and surface instability are main challenges compromising their bioactivity and cytocompatibility which further negatively affect the cell growth and attachment. In this study, we have investigated the effects of silk fibroin coating on the tricalcium magnesium silicate scaffolds in term of biological behavior for bone tissue engineering. The microstructure, morphology, cell adhesion and chemical composition of coated scaffolds were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Also, MTT assay test showed that both coated and uncoated scaffolds supported growth of mouse embryonic fibroblast cell. However, the coated scaffold revealed a higher cell proliferation than uncoated one. All the results postulated that silk fibroin was successfully coated on the scaffold and improved the biological properties of scaffold indicating a promising biomaterial for bone tissue engineering application. پرونده مقاله

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10 - Poly (lactic-co-glycolic)/nanostructured merwinite porous composites for bone tissue engineering: II. structural and in vitro characterization
Ali Nadernezhad Bahman Torabinejad Masoud Hafezi Mohamadreza Baghban-Eslaminejad Fatemeh Bagheri Farhood Najafi

Several characteristics of a novel PLGA/Merwinite scaffold were examined in the present study to evaluate the possible applications in bone tissue regeneration. Physical and mechanical properties, as well as degradation behavior and in vitro bioactivity of porous scaffo چکیده کامل

Several characteristics of a novel PLGA/Merwinite scaffold were examined in the present study to evaluate the possible applications in bone tissue regeneration. Physical and mechanical properties, as well as degradation behavior and in vitro bioactivity of porous scaffolds produced by solvent casting and particle leaching technique were also characterized. Results showed that incorporation of merwinite particles into the porous polymer structure had a significant effect on cell viability in such a way that cell densities increased by increasing the merwinite content in the scaffolds after 3 and 7 days of culture. In contrast, mechanical analysis showed that the presence of merwinite had an adverse effect on the compressive strength of porous structures, due to the lack of formation of a chemical bond at the polymer-ceramic interface and non-homogenous distribution of the ceramic particulates through the matrix. Incorporation of the merwinite particles caused about 35% decrease in the compressive strength in samples containing 30 wt% merwinite, compared to pure PLGA porous scaffolds. پرونده مقاله

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11 - Effect of Zn and porosity on the biodegradability and Mechanical Properties of Mg-Zn Scaffolds
zahra sadat seyedraoufi

In the present research porous Mg-Zn scaffolds with different Zn amount and porosities were synthesized by powder metallurgy process as potential degradable materials for orthopedic applications. The microstructures, composition, mechanical properties and in vitro biode چکیده کامل

In the present research porous Mg-Zn scaffolds with different Zn amount and porosities were synthesized by powder metallurgy process as potential degradable materials for orthopedic applications. The microstructures, composition, mechanical properties and in vitro biodegradability of the scaffolds were investigated. Optic microscopy (OM) images showed that the Mg-Zn scaffolds exhibit homogeneously distributed and interconnected pores with the size of about 150–400 µm. The X-ray diffractometer (XRD) results indicated the formed intermetallics consist of Mg12Zn13 and Mg51Zn20 in the Mg matrix. Compressive tests showed that decrease of porosity and the addition of Zn increases the compressive strength of specimens. Electrochemical tests indicated that with increase of porosity, the corrosion current density of scaffolds increased and Mg-Zn scaffolds synthesized improved the in vitro biodegradability property of the Mg; the best biodegradability property was obtained with 3% Zn and the porosity of about 7% ; further increase of Zn content up 4% deteriorates biodegradability. It is found that the products of immersion in simulated body fluid (SBF) are identified to be HAP, (Ca,Mg)3(PO4)2 and Mg(OH)2 and MG63 cells adhere and proliferate on the surface of the scaffolds, making them a promising choice for orthopedic application. پرونده مقاله

دسترسی آزاد مقاله

12 - بررسی پاسخ فیزیولوژیک و دفاع آنتی‌اکسیداتیو خردل سفید (Sinapis alba) تحت تنش کادمیم و سرب
احمد عبدل زاده زهرا سلیمان نژاد حمیدرضا صادقی پور

فلزات سنگین از مهم‌ترین آلاینده‌های خاک و محیط زیست می‌باشند. در این تحقیق، برخی پارامترهای بیوشیمیایی گیاه Sinapis alba رشد یافتهدر خاک‌های‌ آلوده شده با غلظت‌های مختلف کادمیم (۰، 75 و 150 mg/kg) و سرب (۰، 300 و 600 mg/kg) مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. گیاهان حدود ۷ هفته پس از چکیده کامل

فلزات سنگین از مهم‌ترین آلاینده‌های خاک و محیط زیست می‌باشند. در این تحقیق، برخی پارامترهای بیوشیمیایی گیاه Sinapis alba رشد یافتهدر خاک‌های‌ آلوده شده با غلظت‌های مختلف کادمیم (۰، 75 و 150 mg/kg) و سرب (۰، 300 و 600 mg/kg) مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. گیاهان حدود ۷ هفته پس از کشت در گلخانه‌، برداشت شدند. نتایج مطالعه نشان داد که تیمارهای کادمیم سبب کاهش طول و وزن تر بخش هوایی و کل گیاه شد. هر چند تیمارهای سرب اثر معنی‌داری در صفات رشد گیاه نداشت. تیمارهای کادمیم سبب کاهش فعالیت آنزیم کاتالاز، میزان پراکسید هیدروژن، پراکسیداسیون لیپید و افزایش میزان پروتئین محلول در بخش هوایی و افزایش فعالیت آنزیم پلیفنل اکسیداز در بخش هوایی و ریشه گیاه در مقایسه با شاهد شد. گیاهان تیمار شده با ۷۵ mg/kg کادمیم در مقایسه با گیاهان شاهد میزان کلروفیل a، کلروفیل کل و نسبت کلروفیل a به b بیشتری را نشان دادند. تیمارهای سرب منجر به کاهش، فعالیت آنزیم آسکوربات پراکسیداز در بخش هوایی و ریشه، میزان پروتئین محلول در ریشه و قندهای غیراحیاء کننده در بخش هوایی شد. تیمار 300 mg/kg سرب در بخش هوایی سبب افزایش، فعالیت آنزیم گایاکول پراکسیداز محلول و دیواره‌ای، میزان پراکسید هیدروژن، پروتئین محلول و کلروفیل a، b و کل گردید. تیمار ۶۰۰ mg/kg سرب سبب افزایش میزان پراکسید هیدروژن ریشه و کاهش کاروتنوئیدها شد. این نتایج نشان می‌دهد که خردل سفید با توجه به بیوماس بالا، افزایش میزان رنگدانه‌های فتوسنتزی و عدم وجود تنش اکسیداتیو دارای توانایی قوی برای تحمل کادمیم و سرب می‌باشد. پرونده مقاله

دسترسی آزاد مقاله

13 - مطالعه درون شیشه‌ای اثر اسید سالیسیلیک بر برخی ویژگی‌های رشدی و بیوشیمیایی سیب‌زمینی رقم آگریا (Solanum tuberosum cv. Agria )تحت تنش شوری
فرزانه فخیمی علیرضا مطلبی آذر فریبرز زارع نهندی نعمت سخندان بشیر غلامرضا گوهری

تنش شوری، یک تنش محیطی است که رشد و نمو گیاهان و تولید محصولات کشاورزی از جمله سیب زمینی را در بیشتر نقاط جهان متاثر می‌سازد. این پژوهش با هدف بررسی اثر سالیسیلیک اسید بر صفات رشدی و بیوشیمیایی سیب زمینی رقم آگریا تحت تنش شوری در شرایط درون شیشه‌ای انجام شد. برای این من چکیده کامل

تنش شوری، یک تنش محیطی است که رشد و نمو گیاهان و تولید محصولات کشاورزی از جمله سیب زمینی را در بیشتر نقاط جهان متاثر می‌سازد. این پژوهش با هدف بررسی اثر سالیسیلیک اسید بر صفات رشدی و بیوشیمیایی سیب زمینی رقم آگریا تحت تنش شوری در شرایط درون شیشه‌ای انجام شد. برای این منظور، آزمایشی در قالب طرح‌های کاملاً تصادفی با 8 تکرار در گروه باغبانی دانشگاه تبریز به اجرا درآمد. عامل‌های آزمایش، شامل شوری در دو سطح (صفر و 70 میلی‌مول بر لیتر کلرید سدیم)، اسید سالیسیلیک در چهار سطح (صفر، 1، 10 و 100 میلی‌مول بر لیتر) بود. نتایج نشان داد که استفاده از اسید سالیسیلیک توانسته است به‌طور معنی‌داری اثرات شوری را کاهش دهد، با این وجود بالاترین طول گیاهچه در تیمار شوری در 10 میلی مول بر لیتر اسید سالیسیلیک مشاهده شد که حاکی از اثرات مثبت تیمار در کاهش اثرات منفی تنش شوری است، با این‌حال غلظت‌های بالاتر از 10 میلی مول بر لیتر نه تنها تاثیری در گیاهچه ها نداشته، حتی باعث اثرات منفی شدیدی نیز گردید. همچنین فعالیت ترکیبات و آنزیم های آنتی‌اکسیدان در تمام غلظت های بررسی شده اسید سالیسیلیک و تنش شوری نسبت به گیاه شاهد افزایش قابل توجهی نشان داد. بررسی نتایج حاصل از آزمایش نشان داد که سیب‌زمینی رقم آگریا نسبتاً به شوری حساس بوده، به گونه‌ای که کلیه صفات مورد بررسی در آزمایش تحت تأثیر اولین سطح شوری اعمال شده قرار گرفتند. همچنین کاربرد اسید سالیسیلیک با کمک به بهبود ویژگی های رشدی و بیوشیمیایی موجب افزایش تحمل این رقم در برابر تنش شوری گردید. پرونده مقاله

دسترسی آزاد مقاله

14 - بررسی اثر غلظت‌های مختلف سایتوکینین و اکسین بر کشت درون‌شیشه‌ای عروسک پشت پرده (Physalis alkekengi L.) با استفاده از جداکشت‌های برگی و ساقه
منا کاشانچی الهه پورفخرایی میترا پارسا امینه زینالی

10.30495/iper.2022.1952442.1772

عروسک پشت پرده (Physalis alkekengi) یک گیاه میوه‌دار است که به‌دلیل خواص غذایی و دارویی مورد توجه بسیار قرار گرفته است. چرخه زایشی کوتاه و حساسیت میوه‌ها به آفات از محدودیت‌های اصلی کشت این گیاه است. استفاده از روش های ریزازدیادی برای تولید عروسک پشت پرده به عنوان راهکا چکیده کامل

عروسک پشت پرده (Physalis alkekengi) یک گیاه میوه‌دار است که به‌دلیل خواص غذایی و دارویی مورد توجه بسیار قرار گرفته است. چرخه زایشی کوتاه و حساسیت میوه‌ها به آفات از محدودیت‌های اصلی کشت این گیاه است. استفاده از روش های ریزازدیادی برای تولید عروسک پشت پرده به عنوان راهکاری کاربردی مطرح است. این مطالعه به منظور بررسی تأثیر محیط‌های کشت و تنظیم‌کننده‌های رشد مختلف روی جوانه‌زنی بذر و رشد دانه عروسک پشت پرده با استفاده از روش کشت بافت و نیز ارائه پروتکل مناسب برای ریزازدیادی این گیاه انجام شد. برای بررسی بیشترین درصدجوانه‌زنی، بذرها در دو نوع محیط کشت (موراشیگ و اسکوگ تغییر یافته و آب مقطر) و سه بستر نگهدارنده مختلف (آگار گیاهی، ماسه و کاغذ فیلتر) کشت داده شدند. برای اندام‌زایی گیاه عروسک پشت پرده از دو روش باززایی مستقیم (جداکشت ساقه) و باززایی غیرمستقیم (کالوس‌های تولید شده از جداکشت‌های ساقه و برگ) استفاده شد. جداکشت‌ها در ترکیبات مختلف هورمونی 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP) و 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) کشت شدند. بهترین محیط کشت برای جوانه زنی بذر، محیط کشت MS (2/1) حاوی آگار گیاهی به عنوان تثبیت کننده (97درصد) بود. بهترین جداکشت برای تولید کالوس، برگ و بهترین محیط کشت MS (2/1) حاوی ۴٬۲-دی‌کلروفنوکسی‌استیک اسید (2 میلی‌گرم در لیتر) بود. بهترین محیط برای باززایی، MS (2/1) حاوی GA3 (5/0 میلی‌گرم در لیتر) وBAP (3 میلی‌گرم در لیتر) بود. بهترین هورمون برای اندام‌زایی مستقیم ساقه، BAP در غلظت‌های مختلف بود. بهترین محیط برای ازدیاد گیاهچه MS (2/1) حاوی 6- بنزیل‌آمینوپورین به میزان 3 میلی‌گرم در لیتر و جیبرلیک اسید به میزان 5/0 میلی‌گرم در لیتر (بیش از 25 شاخساره از هر نمونه بود. ریشه‌زایی با استفاده از قرار دادن گیاهچه‌ها در ایندول-۳-بوتیریک اسید (150 میلی‌گرم در لیتر) به مدت یک هفته و سپس انتقال آن‌ها به MS (2/1) انجام شد. در نهایت گیاهچه‌های ریشه‌دار شده به خاک منتقل و سازگار شدند و بیش از 95 درصد آن‌ها در گلخانه زنده ماندند. این نتایج پروتکلی را برای ریزازدیادی تجاری گیاهان عروسک پشت پرده پیشنهاد می‌کند. پرونده مقاله

دسترسی آزاد مقاله

15 - بررسی اثر مقادیر گوناگون نیترات آمونیوم و نیترات پتاسیم بر تغییرات سلولی ـ تکوینی ریزغده‌های گیاه سیب‌زمینی (Solanum tuberosum L.) رقم اگریا در شرایط درون شیشه‌ای
زهرا زارع علیرضا ایران‌بخش مصطفی عبادی

ریزغده های سیب‌زمینی حاصل از کشت بافت جایگزین مناسبی برای غده های بذری است. هدف از این پژوهش بررسی اثر غلظت های مختلف NH4NO3, KNO3 در محیط‌های کشت در شیشه بر تغییرات سلولی تکوینی ریز غده‌های حاصل از کشت بافت این گیاه در شرایط مذکور می‌باشد. در این پژوهش از محیطهای کشت ا چکیده کامل

ریزغده های سیب‌زمینی حاصل از کشت بافت جایگزین مناسبی برای غده های بذری است. هدف از این پژوهش بررسی اثر غلظت های مختلف NH4NO3, KNO3 در محیط‌های کشت در شیشه بر تغییرات سلولی تکوینی ریز غده‌های حاصل از کشت بافت این گیاه در شرایط مذکور می‌باشد. در این پژوهش از محیطهای کشت ازمایشگاهی جامدومایع به منظور تهیه گیاهچه استریل والقای ریزغده زایی استفاده شد. در محیط های القاء ریزغده زایی غلظت هر یک از ترکیبات NH4NO3, KNO3، 0، 5/0، 1، 5/1 و 2 برابر حد تعیین شده در محیط کشت در نظر گرفته شد. ریزغده زایی رقم آگریا درتناوب نوری صورت پذیرفت. تاریکی دائمی اثر بازدارنده بر ریزغده زایی دارد. به منظور بررسی‌های تکوینی و تشریحی ریز غده‌ها در پایان مدت القا، ابعاد آنها در محور طولی و عرضی و پس از مقطع‌گیری میکروسکپی از آنها، تغییرات تعداد سلول‌ها و تغییرات ابعاد سلول هاومحتوای نشاسته بر مبنای سلول‌های بافت پارانشیم پوست و مغز سنجیده شد. بر همین مبنا با نتایج آماری معنی دارمشخص شد در غلظت‌های مختلف NH4NO3 بیشترین تعداد ردیف‌های سلولی متعلق به غلظت نیم تا برابر استانداردمحیط کشت بود. و از نظر تعداد دانه‌های نشاسته غلظت برابر استانداردتا 5/1برابر آن بیشترین مقدار را نشان دادند. غلظت‌های مختلف این ترکیب بر تغییر ابعاد سلول‌ها اختلافات معنی دار ی نشان ندادند. در گروه KNO3، با نتایج آماری معنی دار غلظت 5/1 برابر استاندارد بیشترین تعداد ردیف‌های سلولی، ابعاد سلول و همچنین بیشترین محتوی نشاسته را نشان دادند. پرونده مقاله

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16 - بررسی اثر تنظیم‌ کننده‌های مختلف رشد بر استقرار ریزنمونه‌های گیاه دارویی صبرزرد (Aloe barbadensis Mill.)
امیر بهزاد برزگر مرضیه شفیعی حاجی آباد محمود عبدی

گیاه دارویی صبرزرد با نام علمی Aloe barbadensis Mill. یکی از گیاهان دارویی مهم متعلق به تیره Liliaceae به شمار می‌رودکه امروزه در سطح وسیع از طریق کشت درون شیشه‌ای تکثیر می‌گردد. با توجه به اهمیت مرحله استقرار در کشت درون شیشه⁪ای، این تحقیق نیز به منظور تعیین بهترین محی چکیده کامل

گیاه دارویی صبرزرد با نام علمی Aloe barbadensis Mill. یکی از گیاهان دارویی مهم متعلق به تیره Liliaceae به شمار می‌رودکه امروزه در سطح وسیع از طریق کشت درون شیشه‌ای تکثیر می‌گردد. با توجه به اهمیت مرحله استقرار در کشت درون شیشه⁪ای، این تحقیق نیز به منظور تعیین بهترین محیط‌ کشت جهت استقرار ریزنمونه‌های گیاه دارویی آلوئه‌ورا صورت گرفت. ابتدا میزان باززایی دو نوع ریزنمونه جوانه‌های جانبی و جوانه‌های انتهایی بر روی 8 محیط کشت مختلف بررسی شد و جوانه انتهایی به عنوان بهترین نوع ریزنمونه انتخاب شد. سپس به منظور تعیین مناسب‌ترین محیط کشت آزمایشی به صورت فاکتوریل با دو عامل اکسین در چهار سطح (1 میلی‌گرم در لیتر IAA، 5/0 میلی‌گرم در لیتر IAA، 1 میلی‌گرم در لیتر IBA، 5/0 میلی‌گرم در لیتر IBA) و سیتوکینین در دو سطح (BA و کینتین هر کدام به میزان 1 میلی‌گرم در لیتر) در قالب طرح پایه کاملا تصادفی در 3 تکرار انجام شد. بعد از گذشت 35 روز بیشترین میزان باززایی در محیط کشت دارای 1 میلی‌گرم در لیتر BA و 5/0 میلی‌گرم در لیتر IAA با تولید 6 شاخساره 3/2 سانتیمتری بدست آمد که این نتایج نسبت به سایر مطالعات انجام شده، میزان و سرعت پرآوری بالاتری را نشان می‌دهد. از آنجایی که در مرحله استقرار کشت درون شیشه⁪ای تعداد بیشتر ریزنمونه با اندازه کوچک مورد توجه است این بررسی روشی مناسب را جهت استقرار ریزنمونه‌های آلوئه ورا پیشنهاد می‌کند. پرونده مقاله

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17 - In Vitro Behavior of a Novel Nanostructure Hardystonite/Biphasic Calcium Phosphate Scaffolds (HT/BCPS); Evaluation and Investigation
hassan gheisari

10.22034/jna.2020.582966.1129

An important compete in bone tissue engineering is the development of constructs serving as scaffolds to fill bone defects, and promote bone regeneration. In this study, highly porous almost (75%) nanostructured Hardystonite/biphasic calcium phosphate scaffolds (BCPS) w چکیده کامل

An important compete in bone tissue engineering is the development of constructs serving as scaffolds to fill bone defects, and promote bone regeneration. In this study, highly porous almost (75%) nanostructured Hardystonite/biphasic calcium phosphate scaffolds (BCPS) with interconnected porosity was developed using various hardystonite (HT) contents via space holder technique. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques was employed to evaluate different samples. In addition to, the agents of scaffold composition on mechanical behavior , bioactivity and biodegradability was studied. Also, the results showed that the produced scaffolds had an average pore size and density between 250-350 µm and 2.2 ± 0.4 - 1.7 ± 0.2 gr/cm3, respectively, depending on the Hardystonite (HT) with different contents. Furthermore, increasing the hardystonite content of scaffolds from 0 (control) to 30 wt. % enhanced the bioactivity test, biodegradability, and compressive strength from 1.1 ± 0.1 to 3.1 ± 0.2 MPa, respectively. Besides, MTT assay also confirmed that the BCPS30 (containing 30 wt. % of hardystonite) significantly promoted cell viability and cell adhesion compared to BCPS 0. Totally, our project suggests that nanostructured hardystonite/BCPS with improved biological and mechanical behavior (properties) could potentially be used for biomedical engineering such as bone tissue engineering application. پرونده مقاله

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18 - In Vitro Behavior of a Novel Nanostructure Hardystonite/Biphasic Calcium Phosphate Scaffolds (HT/BCPS); Evaluation and Investigation
Hassan Gheisari

10.22034/jna.2021.685449

In this study, highly porous almost (75%) nanostructured Hardystonite/biphasic calcium phosphate scaffolds (BCPS) with interconnected porosity were developed using various hardystonite (HT) contents via space holder technique. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-r چکیده کامل

In this study, highly porous almost (75%) nanostructured Hardystonite/biphasic calcium phosphate scaffolds (BCPS) with interconnected porosity were developed using various hardystonite (HT) contents via space holder technique. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques were employed to evaluate different samples. Inaddition, the agents of scaffold composition of mechanical behavior, bioactivity, and biodegradability were studied. Also, the results showed that the produced scaffolds had an average pore size and density between 250-350 μm and 2.2 ± 0.4 - 1.7 ± 0.2 gr/cm3, respectively, depending on the Hardystonite (HT) with different contents. Furthermore, increasing the hardystonite content of scaffolds from 0 (control) to 30 wt. % enhanced the bioactivity test, biodegradability, and compressive strength from 1.1 ± 0.1 to 3.1 ± 0.2 MPa, respectively. Besides, MTT assay also confirmed that the BCPS30 (containing 30 wt. % of hardystonite) significantly promoted cell viability and cell adhesion compared to BCPS 0. Totally, our project suggests that nanostructured hardystonite/BCPS with improved biological and mechanical behavior (properties) could potentially be used for biomedical engineering such as bone tissue engineering applications. پرونده مقاله

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19 - امکان سنجی جرم انگاری سقط جنین آزمایشگاهی در حقوق کیفری ایران
جمال بیگی

10.30495/jcld.2022.692183

لقاح و پرورش جنین در خارج از رحم، از مسائل مستحدثه ی دانش پزشکی است که از آن، به جنین آزمایشگاهی نام برده می شود. جهات اشتراک جنین آزمایشگاهی با جنین طبیعی، در کنار تفاوت مشهود میان آن دو، پرسش های حقوقی متعددی، درباره ی حقوق و احکام جنین آزمایشگاهی، فرا روی قرار می چکیده کامل

لقاح و پرورش جنین در خارج از رحم، از مسائل مستحدثه ی دانش پزشکی است که از آن، به جنین آزمایشگاهی نام برده می شود. جهات اشتراک جنین آزمایشگاهی با جنین طبیعی، در کنار تفاوت مشهود میان آن دو، پرسش های حقوقی متعددی، درباره ی حقوق و احکام جنین آزمایشگاهی، فرا روی قرار می دهد که از آن جمله، حکم سقط جنین آزمایشگاهی، از هنگام لقاح تا پس از دمیدن شدن روح در آن است؛ اینکه حیات جنین آزمایشگاهی، همانند حیات جنین طبیعی، از حمایت کیفری برخوردار است و سقط آن، جرم و مستلزم محکومیت مرتکب آن، به همان مجازات سقط جنین طبیعی است؛ از این رو، نوشتار حاضر، با هدف تبیین چالش های حقوقی و خلاء قانونی جرم انگاری سقط جنین آزمایشگاهی در حقوق کیفری ایران، با بررسی دلایل دیدگاه های موجود، به یکسانی جنین آزمایشگاهی با جنین طبیعی، از جهت حمایت کیفری حق حیات و امکان جرم انگاری سقط جنین آزمایشگاهی دست می یابد. پرونده مقاله

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20 - A study of UV-C and plant growth regulators effects on plantlets of Aloe vera Line.
نسترن صادقی مرضیه شفیعی حاجی آباد امیر مهدی شوکتی

Background & Aim: Effects of ultra violet spectrum on plants due to their obligatory requirement for sunlight for survival are unavoidable. Direct effects of UV on plant growth and development are generally negative and usually they use many different defense mechan چکیده کامل

Background & Aim: Effects of ultra violet spectrum on plants due to their obligatory requirement for sunlight for survival are unavoidable. Direct effects of UV on plant growth and development are generally negative and usually they use many different defense mechanisms to acclimate and protect themselves.Material & Methods: The present research for the first time was conducted to investigate the destructive, target or even possible constructive effects of ultraviolet-C (100-280 nm) on in vitro plantlets of Aloe vera and changes of these effects under different concentrations of plant growth regulators of media cultures. Aloe was selected because it is one of the most important subtropical medicinal plants and normally it is exposed to UV in its original growing regions. Treatments were media culture in four stages and UV-C in two stages (0 and 40 Mwcm-1). In vitro plants were cultured on four different media in six replications. Three replications of them were exposed one hour per day with UV-C for one month.Results & Discussion : Our results showed that longest plantlets, highest number of roots and longest roots formed on the media contain 1.5 mgl-1IBA and highest number of shoots on the media contain 1.5 mgl-1IBA and 1 mgl-1 BA.Conclusion: UV-C has significantly reduced the length of roots and shoots root number but increased the shoot number. پرونده مقاله

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21 - Physicochemical and antibacterial evaluation of herbal cough syrup containing combined stem bark extracts of Prosopisa fricana and Anogeissus leiocarpus
اولوبونمی اولایمی مرسی آبو رشیدا عبداللهی کریستیانا ایسمی

10.30495/medherb.2023.702436

Background & Aim: The use of medicinal plants in the treatment and management of various diseases is widely practiced in Nigeria. The stem barks of Prosopisa fricana and Anogeissus leiocarpus have been employed traditionally in the treatment of several respiratory d چکیده کامل

Background & Aim: The use of medicinal plants in the treatment and management of various diseases is widely practiced in Nigeria. The stem barks of Prosopisa fricana and Anogeissus leiocarpus have been employed traditionally in the treatment of several respiratory diseases including cough. The aim of this study is to develop herbal syrup formulation from the combined aqueous stem bark extracts of Prosopisa fricana and Anogeissus leiocarpuswhich can be used in the treatment of cough.Experimental: Pulverized stem bark was extracted using distilled water by hot maceration for 24 h and concentrated over a water bath. The resulting extract was used to prepare syrups using either honey, sugar or combination of both (1:1) as vehicles in the presence of preservatives and sweeteners where needed. Organoleptic and physicochemical properties such as odor, color, taste, presence of froth, pH and density were evaluated. Stability of the syrups at room temperature, in the refrigerator and at accelerated temperature was also evaluated. Interaction studies was investigated using Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) spectroscopy while Differential Scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used to evaluate thermal properties of the prepared syrups.Results: The syrups were brown to dark brown in color, had characteristic smell with sweet to bitter taste. Viscosity was between 10.80 and 87.40 mpas, pH was between 3.92 and 4.90, density was between 1.39 and 1.52 mg/mL.No interaction was observed from FTIR spectra or DSC after thermal decomposition. In vitro antibacterial studies showed the syrups possess considerable inhibitory effect against tested microorganisms. Formulations PAH1 and PAH2 were found to be the most stable after 30 days’ storage at different temperatures.Recommended applications/industries: This study buttresses the potential of herbal extracts in developing stable syrup formulations using honey as a vehicle for treatment of cough and/or relieve of its associated symptoms. پرونده مقاله

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22 - Assessment of secondary metabolites: in vitro antiarthritic and antihemolytic potential of various extracts of garlic
سونیا جهری نصیر خان ساریتا تیواری لاویه شاکیاوار

Background & Aim:Allium sativum commonly known as garlic is an herb used over years to prevent from various ailments such as cardiovascular diseases, cognitive disorders and also enhances the immune system. The aim of the present study is to study the in vitro antia چکیده کامل

Background & Aim:Allium sativum commonly known as garlic is an herb used over years to prevent from various ailments such as cardiovascular diseases, cognitive disorders and also enhances the immune system. The aim of the present study is to study the in vitro antiarthritic and antihemolytic potential of garlic in aqueous and methanolic extracts. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was performed to study the presence of functional groups. Experimental: The study involved detection of primary and secondary metabolites in allium sativum i.e garlic. In vitro antiarthritic and heat induced haemolytic assaywas evaluated so that it could be used against haemolytic diseases such as malaria, swine flu etc. FTIR spectra were performed to detect the presence of functional groups. Results: Natural products due to their immense bioactivity, finds applications against various diseases without having side effects. Recommended applications/industrie: This herb is very easily accessible and is edible it can be used as a pharmaceutical agent. Bioactive constituents can be isolated and explored for further activity. پرونده مقاله

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23 - Recognition of Sulfur Compounds in Tissue Culture Different Organs of Persian Shallot (Allium hirtifolium Boiss) by GC/MS
مهتاب اصفهانی زاده حسین پور فروغ مرتضایی نژاد

Background & Aim: Persian shallot (Allium hirtifolium Boiss) with common name of "Musir" is one of the endemic medicinal plants in Iran. Leaves and bulbs with antibacterial, antifungal, anticancer, anti-diabetes and anti-obesity effects are edible parts of this plan چکیده کامل

Background & Aim: Persian shallot (Allium hirtifolium Boiss) with common name of "Musir" is one of the endemic medicinal plants in Iran. Leaves and bulbs with antibacterial, antifungal, anticancer, anti-diabetes and anti-obesity effects are edible parts of this plant. The tissue culture is an influential method to multiply plant productions in order to meet demands of pharmacy and food industries. Therefore this article will focus on levels and structures of sulfur compounds in seeds, grassland bulbs and compare them with those of leaves, roots, bulbs and callus obtained from the tissue culture using the headspace- Gas chromatography-Mass Spectrophotometry (GC/MS) method. Experimental: At the first of the study, seeds and stem-discs of grassland bulbs were cultured in MS media. After 90 days seeds, grassland bulbs, seed-leaves, seed-bulbs, leaves and roots of seed-bulbs, stem-disc bulbs, and callus of stem-discs analyzed by GC/MS-headspace method. Results & Discussion: The results of analysis showed the highest variety of sulfur compounds was in seed bulb roots, while lowest levels were found in seeds, seed bulb leaves and callus. And also the highest level of sulfur compounds was discovered in stem-disc bulbs (28.31%), seed bulb roots (18.61%) and grassland bulbs (6.23%). Industrial and practical recommendations: Our findings has been shown Persian shallot sulfur compounds have mono, di and tri sulfur in structures and the best source for these metabolites were roots and stem-disc bulbs producing by in vitro culture method. پرونده مقاله

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24 - In vitro Assessment of the Effect of Plant Extracts on Digestibility, Estimated Energy Value, Microbial Mass and Rumen Fermentation Kinetics
و. ناصری ف. کفیل زاده ح. جهانی عزیزآبادی

Three ethanol extracts, chamomile (CHA), clove (CLO) and tarragon (TAR), were tested at five doses (0, 250, 500, 750 and 1000 µL/L) to determine their effects on in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD), metabolizable energy (ME), net energy of lactation (NEL چکیده کامل

Three ethanol extracts, chamomile (CHA), clove (CLO) and tarragon (TAR), were tested at five doses (0, 250, 500, 750 and 1000 µL/L) to determine their effects on in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD), metabolizable energy (ME), net energy of lactation (NEL), short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), microbial mass (MM) and rumen fermentation kinetics of a 40:60 forage: concentrate diet using in vitro gas production. These three extracts had significant effects on gas production kinetics. CHA (at 500 µL/L dose) and CLO (at 1000 µL/L dose) decreased (P<0.05) potential gas production. The initial gas production rate constants (c) was increased (P<0.05). However, CHA, CLO and TAR ethanol decreased (P<0.05) later gas production rate constants (d). Lag time (h) was decreased (P<0.05) due to addition of CHA and TAR ethanol (at 750 µL/L dose), and CLO (at 500 and 1000 µL/L doses). TAR and CLO ethanol did not affect fermentation rate (h-1), but CHA at 1000 µL/L increased it. The TAR and CLO ethanol did not affect IVOMD, ME, NEL, SCFA and microbial mass. However, organic matter digestibility, ME, NEL, SCFA and microbial mass were increased by addition of CHA ethanol at 750 and 1000 µL/L doses. Results suggest that CHA, CLO and TAR ethanol extracts at appropriate doses may have potential to improve the rumen fermentation kinetics and nutritive value of ruminant diets due to secondary metabolites contents. پرونده مقاله

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25 - Comparison of in vitro Fermentation with in situ Degradation to Estimate Dry Matter Degradability and Energy Protein Synchronization of Roughage Based Diets
م. آیونگ ی.ی. کیاوت م.ت. هتون ک.س. میو آ. آیونگ

This study was aimed to evaluate the correlation between in vitro fermentation and in situ degradation parameters and to predict dry matter degradability and energy protein synchronization of roughage based diets. Different inclusion of roughage in diets [roughage 50% d چکیده کامل

This study was aimed to evaluate the correlation between in vitro fermentation and in situ degradation parameters and to predict dry matter degradability and energy protein synchronization of roughage based diets. Different inclusion of roughage in diets [roughage 50% diet (R50D), roughage 60% diet (R60D), roughage 65% diet (R65D) and roughage 70% diet (R70D)] were used to determine in vitro and in situ parameters. The relationships between in vitro and in situ parameters were analyzed by simple linear regression. The gas volumes and fermentation kinetics of R50D and R65D were greater (P<0.05) than those of other diets, however the lesser values of partitioning factor for microbial protein synthesis efficiency was found in R50D. Although the nutrient disappearances, degradation kinetics and effective degradability were greater (P<0.05) in R50D in compare with R60D and R65D, the lowest (P<0.05) energy protein synchronization was observed in R50D. The significant correlation (P<0.05) were observed in all regression equations of in vitro gas volumes and in situ nutrient disappearances. The in situ effective dry matter degradability and energy protein synchronization were correlated (P<0.05) with in vitro fermentation kinetics and some estimated parameters such as short chain fatty acid and partitioning factor for microbial protein synthesis efficiency. Among the correlations, the greater accuracy could be achieved by inclusion of two or more parameters in regression equation. The results showed that in vitro gas production technique has the potential to predict effective dry matter degradability and energy protein synchronization of roughage based diets. پرونده مقاله

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26 - Determination of in vitro Gas Production Kinetics by Adding Leucaena leucecophala and Corn Oil to the Ration in Different Ratios
C.T. Noviandi K. Kustaantinah A. Irawan B.P. Widyobroto A. Astuti

This study was aimed to determine in vitro gas production kinetics and organic matter digestibility (IVOMD) of ration added by Leucaena leucecophala and corn oil (CO) at various ratios. Four levels of Leucaena leucecophala (0%, 25%, 50%, and 75%, DM basis) and three lev چکیده کامل

This study was aimed to determine in vitro gas production kinetics and organic matter digestibility (IVOMD) of ration added by Leucaena leucecophala and corn oil (CO) at various ratios. Four levels of Leucaena leucecophala (0%, 25%, 50%, and 75%, DM basis) and three levels of corn oil (0%, 1%, and 2% of substrate) were arranged in a 4 × 3 factorial design. Hohenheim in vitro gas production procedure was employed to determine gas production kinetics, IVOMD, and partitioning factor (PF) value of the experiment. Supplementation of leucaena at 25% (L25) increased IVOMD (%), potential degradation fraction, cumulative gas production (GP) (mL), and metabolizable energy (ME) value (MJ/kg DM) of the ration (p <0.01). There was no effect on in vitro gas production kinetics when leucaena was given at higher levels in comparison with L25 (P>0.05). Besides, corn oil supplementation to the substrate did not negatively affect IVOMD and gas production kinetics. Instead, 2% of corn oil supplementation increased GP (p <0.05). Indicator for microbial efficiency as measured with PF value increased with leucaena and CO supplementation (p <0.05). The results indicated that incorporation of 25% leucaena and 2% of corn oil in the ration improved in vitro organic matter digestibility and gas production kinetics while a higher rate of supplementation did not give significant contribution in term of gas production on in vitro rumen fermentation system. Further study in chemical and biological treatment of leucaena or tannins sources and corn oil is needed to investigate specific mechanisms in modulating rumen fermentation in vitro and in vivo. پرونده مقاله

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27 - Thymus kotschyanus Essential Oil Components and Their Effects on in vitro Rumen Fermentation, Protozoal Population and Acidosis Parameters
ز. میرزایی ف. هژبری د. علیپور

This study aimed to identify chemical composition of Thymus kotschyanus essential oil (TKEO) and to evaluate the effects of different doses of TKEO on in vitro gas production, fermentation parameters, acidosis and protozoal population using a completely randomized desig چکیده کامل

This study aimed to identify chemical composition of Thymus kotschyanus essential oil (TKEO) and to evaluate the effects of different doses of TKEO on in vitro gas production, fermentation parameters, acidosis and protozoal population using a completely randomized design with four replicates. Two diets (D1: 100% forage and D2: 30% forage+70% concentrate) were incubated with buffered rumen fluid as fermentation substrates. The plant materials were dried and hydro-distilled in order to obtain their essential oil (EO). The essential oil was analyzed by capillary GC/MS. Gas production (GP144 h) was recorded up to 144 h of incubation. After 24 h, the parameters of apparent in vitro dry matter digestibility (AIVDMD), true in vitro dry matter digestibility (TIVDMD), organic matter digestibility (OMD), partitioning factor (PF) and microbial biomass (MB) were estimated. The main components of TKEO were 25.77% geraniol and 14.85% thymol. Asymptotic GP144 h decreased by TKEO. Addition of TKEO also decreased GP24 h, AIVDMD, TIVDMD and OMD. However, PF and MB increased. Acidosis test was not affected by EO. Inclusion of TKEO decreased the total number of protozoal population. These results indicated that TKEO could potentially be used to modulate rumen fermentation therefore further in vivo research is needed to determine the optimal doses. پرونده مقاله

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28 - Chemical Composition and in vitro and in vivo Digestibility of Tea Waste in Sheep
م. زاهدی فر ح. فضائلی ا.ر. صفایی س.م. علوی

Tea processing includes several stages and in three of them namely drying, fiber-mat and screening some of the product is wasted. In this study, 25 percent of the tea processing plants in Iran were selected. Three samples were taken from each plant and analyzed for chem چکیده کامل

Tea processing includes several stages and in three of them namely drying, fiber-mat and screening some of the product is wasted. In this study, 25 percent of the tea processing plants in Iran were selected. Three samples were taken from each plant and analyzed for chemical composition and in vitro and in vivo digestibility and voluntary feed intake. Results showed that crude protein (CP) content of different tea by-products including drying, fiber-mat and screening were 198, 193 and 194 g/kg dry matter (DM), respectively, without significant difference among them. Concentration of ash were 64.0, 62.0 and 56.0 g/kg DM for drying, fiber-mat and screening respectively which was significantly (P<0.05) the lowest in Screening. The content of K, Ca, P, Mg and Na were 16.2, 4.2, 2.5, 2.2 and 0.73 g/kg DM, respectively, without significant difference among the samples. The mean values for in vitro digestibility coefficient of DM, organic matter (OM), OM/DM and gross energy of the tea wastes were 0.48, 0.44, 0.42 and 0.42, respectively. Inclusion of tea waste in the diet significantly (P<0.05) reduced in vivo digestibility coefficient of CP and neutral detergent fiber (NDF). The digestible energy was 10.0 MJ/kg which were not significantly different among the three types of tea waste. Inclusion of 80 g/kg DM tea waste in the diet significantly (P<0.05) reduced voluntary feed intake. Tea waste can be included in the diet of ruminants but its level should be limited due to presence of anti-nutritional factors. پرونده مقاله

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29 - Comparison of in vitro Gas Production, Nutritive Value, Metabolizable Energy and Organic Matter Digestibility of some Chickpea Varieties
ت. آیسان آی. یولگر ام. کالیبر اس. ارگول اچ. اینسی د. مارت م. طغیانی

This study was carried out to determine the nutritional value of different chickpea varieties using in vitro gas production technique.As a result, significant variations in terms of chemical composition, gas production rate and metabolizable energy, net lactation energy چکیده کامل

This study was carried out to determine the nutritional value of different chickpea varieties using in vitro gas production technique.As a result, significant variations in terms of chemical composition, gas production rate and metabolizable energy, net lactation energy and digestible organic matter were found among the 8 different chickpea varieties. The crude protein contents of chickpea varieties ranged from 15.26 to 18.52% DM; the crude fat contents of chickpea varieties ranged from 4.14 to 5.33% DM; ash content of chickpea seeds varied from 2.69 to 3.46% DM. The neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) contents of chickpea varieties varied from 12.46 to 17.29% DM and 3.80 to 4.87% DM, respectively. 24 h total in vitro gas production of varieties ranged from 58.67 to 81.66 mL/200 mg dry matter (DM).The calculated metabolizable energy (ME) and digestible organic matter (DOM) contents of chickpea varieties ranged from 10.25 to 13.83 MJ/kg DM and 68.69 to 91.64%, respectively.In conclusion, chickpea can be used successfully for ruminant feeding and also Çağatay and Izmir 92 varieties are better than the other varieties studiedaccording to their nutritive values. پرونده مقاله

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30 - Evaluation of Potential New Opportunities for Herbal Plants as Natural Products on Rumen Fermentation Patterns in vitro
م. مهرآبادی ع. وکیلی م. دانش مسگران ر. ولی‌زاده

Two experiments (Exp.) were conducted to determine the effects of dietary addition of five herbal plants (HP) alone or as herbal plant mixture (HPM) on in vitro gas production and ruminal fermentation patterns. In Exp. 1, five varieties of HP (garlic, eucalyptus, cinnam چکیده کامل

Two experiments (Exp.) were conducted to determine the effects of dietary addition of five herbal plants (HP) alone or as herbal plant mixture (HPM) on in vitro gas production and ruminal fermentation patterns. In Exp. 1, five varieties of HP (garlic, eucalyptus, cinnamon, thyme, and peppermint) were added to the diet at 3 different concentrations (5, 10 and 15% of concentrate dry matter). In Exp. 2, the HPM was used at the concentration of 2, 4 and 6%. The results show that most ruminal fermentation parameters were affected by HP and HPM. The addition of HP and HPM to the diet significantly increased total in vitro gas production (b) and the fractional rate constant of gas production (c, P<0.01). Concentrations of NH3 (Exp. 1), CH4 (Exp. 1 and 2), total volatile fatty acids (Exp. 1 and 2), acetate (Exp. 1), propionate (Exp. 1 and 2) and acetate/propionate ratio (Exp. 1) were affected by HP and HPM. Ruminal short-chain fatty acids (SCFA, Pin vivo conditions. پرونده مقاله

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31 - Meta-Analysis of the Addition of Exogenous Antioxidants to in vitro Maturation Medium: Improved in vitro Nuclear Maturation of Animal Oocyte
M. Khazaei A. Vaisi-Raygani F. Aghaz

The use of antioxidants in in vitro maturation (IVM) media has been widely suggested, although this practice's evidence base is uncertain. The purpose of this study was to examine whether supplementing the IVM media with exogenous antioxidants would enhance the nuclear چکیده کامل

The use of antioxidants in in vitro maturation (IVM) media has been widely suggested, although this practice's evidence base is uncertain. The purpose of this study was to examine whether supplementing the IVM media with exogenous antioxidants would enhance the nuclear maturation and growth of the oocytes of domestic animals. A literature search was conducted using the databases published up to April 2019 in the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. The primary outcome was the full oocyte maturation (MII %) rate (cytoplasmic and nuclear). In the final assessment, a total of 19 published experimental researches were included. There was a general statistically significant impact on MII oocyte in domestic animals by adding antioxidant supplements to the IVM medium. A meta-analysis was performed using a random effects model to predict odd ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). The MII % in maturation medium supplemented with antioxidant was significantly better than maturation medium without antioxidant, (OR=0.59; 95% CI 0.48–0.72; I-square=40%; P=0.034). These results demonstrated that antioxidant supplements in domestic animals improved the MII percentage. پرونده مقاله

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32 - Effect of Dietary Non-Fiber Carbohydrate Sources and Sulfur Supplementation on in vitro Ruminal Fermentation and Digestibility of the Dairy Ration
A. Rosmalia I.G. Permana D. Despal T. Toharmat F.R. Pambudi S.I.Z. Arif

Synchronization of rumen degradable protein (RDP), non-fiber carbohydrate (NFC), and sulfur availability are needed for optimum microbial protein synthesis (MPS), rumen fermentation activity, and feed digestibility. Cassava and corn are rich in NFC content and have diff چکیده کامل

Synchronization of rumen degradable protein (RDP), non-fiber carbohydrate (NFC), and sulfur availability are needed for optimum microbial protein synthesis (MPS), rumen fermentation activity, and feed digestibility. Cassava and corn are rich in NFC content and have different carbohydrate characteristics. Most of the tropical feedstuff is deficient in sulfur, thus it needs to be supplemented in the ration. This study aimed to compare the effect of corn and cassava as NFC sources and sulfur supplementation on fermentability and digestibility using in vitro study. The experiment used a 2 × 3 factorial randomized block design with four different dairy cattle rumen liquor as replications (block). The first factor was NFC sources (corn and cassava), and the second factor was the level of sulfur supplementation (0%, 0.1%, 0.2%). Parameters observed include fermentability (rumen pH, NH3 concentration, total volatile fatty acids (VFA), molar proportion of VFA, MPS, rumen bacteria, and protozoa population) and in vitro digestibility (dry matter (IVDMD) and organic matter (IVOMD)). Data were tested using ANOVA followed by the Duncan test. The result showed an interaction between rumen pH (P<0.05). The NH3 concentration was low in cassava treatment, while total VFA did not have a significant effect. Corn treatment produced a higher iso-butyrate and iso-valerate than cassava treatment (P<0.05). The rumen microbes, MPS, IVDMD, and IVDMD, did not differ among the treatments. Cassava could replace corn as an NFC source for tropical dairy ration along with providing RDP in balance ratio and sulfur supplementation. پرونده مقاله

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33 - Evaluation of Carob (Ceratonia siliqua) and Honey Locust (Gleditsia triacanthos) Pods as a Feed for Sheep
اس. مدجکال ر. بداس اچ. بوس‌بوآ اس. لاپز

The nutritive value of Ceratonia siliqua and Gleditsia triacanthos pods was determined on the basis of their chemical composition, in vitro gas production and rumen fermentation end-products. Medicago sativa was used as a reference feed material. The studied samples sho چکیده کامل

The nutritive value of Ceratonia siliqua and Gleditsia triacanthos pods was determined on the basis of their chemical composition, in vitro gas production and rumen fermentation end-products. Medicago sativa was used as a reference feed material. The studied samples showed differences in chemical composition and phenolic compounds. Crude protein (CP) content was particulary low (80 g/kg DM) in carob and higher in Medicago sativa and G. triacanthos pods with (159.79 and 121.56 g/kg DM, respectively). Inclusion of Polyethylene glycol (PEG) in fermentation medium results in a significant increase (P<0.05) of gas production in Ceratonia siliqua and Gleditsia triacanthos and no effect was observed with M. sativa. The highest values of gas production were observed for C. siliqua and G. triacanthos, whereas Medicago sativa had significantly low values. The highest asymptotic gas production was observed in Ceratonia siliqua and Gleditsia triacanthos (296.80 and 289.55 mL g-1 DM, respectively), whereas Medicago sativa recorded the lowest value (243.64 mL g-1 DM). The concentration of acetate differentiated two groups: Medicago sativa and Gleditsia triacanthos (86.58 and 66.32% respectively), while the fermentation of Ceratonia siliqua resulted in a lower acetate concentration (59.84%). Although there were noticeable differences among the three studied samples, Ceratonia siliqua and Gleditsia triacanthos pods showed better nutritional quality, indicating that they could be considered promising and interesting sources of feed for sheep during the dry season or as supplement to low quality diets. پرونده مقاله

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34 - Effect of Oocyte Maturation Period on Developmental Rate and Sex ratio Distribution of in vitro Produced Bovine Embryos
H. Nazari N. Esfandabadi A. Shirazi A.M. Ahadi E. Ahmadi A. Safdarinejad

It has been suggested that the maturation status of the oocytes at the time of fertilization influences the sex ratio of resulting embryos produced in vitro. Therefore, the duration of the oocyte in vitro maturation is likely a simple method that leads to in vitro produ چکیده کامل

It has been suggested that the maturation status of the oocytes at the time of fertilization influences the sex ratio of resulting embryos produced in vitro. Therefore, the duration of the oocyte in vitro maturation is likely a simple method that leads to in vitro production of embryos with the desired sex. For this purpose, the current study was conducted to investigate the effect of in vitro maturation culture period of bovine oocytes on the sex ratio of resulting blastocysts. The abattoir ovary-derived oocytes were cultured for various duration of in vitro maturation (16 h, 20 h, 24 h, 28 h, and 36 h). After in vitro fertilization and culture of mature oocytes, nested multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with AMELX and SRY primers was used to determine the sex of blastocysts. The results of this study showed that the cleavage and blastocyst rates were increased by prolongation of in vitro maturation (IVM) duration from 16 hours to 24 hours and deceased from 24 hours to 36 hours (P<0.05). The sex ratio of male embryos in aged oocytes (36 hours IVM) was significantly higher than in other groups (P<0.05). In conclusion, the maturation duration of bovine COCs influences the sex distribution of embryos in the blastocyst stage appearing on day 8, and the male embryos were recovered more than female counterparts by increasing the oocytes culture period. پرونده مقاله

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35 - Use of an in vitro Rumen Gas Production Technique to Evaluate the Nutritive Value of Five Forage to Concentrate Ratios
س. اربابی ت. قورچی س. رمضانپور

This study presents the chemical composition and in vitro fermentation of five diets with different forage (alfalfa) to concentrate (faba bean) (F:C) ratios, F0:C100, F25:C75, F50:C50, F75:C25, F100:C0 on a dry matter (DM) basis. Results indicate that the chemical compo چکیده کامل

This study presents the chemical composition and in vitro fermentation of five diets with different forage (alfalfa) to concentrate (faba bean) (F:C) ratios, F0:C100, F25:C75, F50:C50, F75:C25, F100:C0 on a dry matter (DM) basis. Results indicate that the chemical composition in term of organic matter (OM), ether extract (EE), crude protein (CP), acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), neutral detergent insoluble protein (NDIP), acid detergent insoluble protein (ADIP) and total phenols (TPh), tannin (TT) and condensed tannin (TCT) were varies among five diets (P<0.05). After an initial gas test to evaluate 96 h gas production profiles of diets, the time to half maximal gas production was calculated and a second incubation was conducted with fermentation stopped at substrate specific half-time (t1/2) and 24 h for each substrate. In vitro true DM degradability (ivTDDM), OM degradability (ivOMD) were increased (P<0.01) by addition proportions of concentrate in diets. Microbial mass (g/kg DM), metabolizable energy (ME) (MJ/kg DM), were greater in diets which those had been higher degradability. The efficiency of microbial production (PF) (mg/mL) were calculated for both substrate specific t1/2 and 24 h and was not shown differences between experimental diets at 24 h but F100:C0 was lesser (1.17 mg/mL) at substrate specific t1/2 (P<0.01). Gas produced from fermentable fraction (B) and the rate of gas production (c) were (P<0.01) greater in diets with grater concentrate ratio. Increasing the F:C ratio increased ruminal pH and N ammonia and affected concentrations of short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) (P<0.01). Amount of CH4 emission from 13 to 17.16 g/kg DM and the great value was related to F100:C0. پرونده مقاله

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36 - Effect of Goat Follicular Fluid on in vitro Production of Embryos in Black Bengal Goats
S.A. Masudul Hoque M.A.M. Yahia Khandoker S.K. Kabiraj L.Y. Asad M. Fakruzzaman K.M.A. Tareq

The study was undertaken to elucidatethe beneficial effects of goat follicular fluid (gFF) added to maturation and culture media on in vitro maturation, fertilization and post-fertilization development of oocytes in Black Bengal goats. Follicular fluid and oocytes were چکیده کامل

The study was undertaken to elucidatethe beneficial effects of goat follicular fluid (gFF) added to maturation and culture media on in vitro maturation, fertilization and post-fertilization development of oocytes in Black Bengal goats. Follicular fluid and oocytes were collected from slaughter house goat’s ovaries using the aspiration technique. Media were prepared using TCM-199 supplemented with 0.5% bovine serum albomin (BSA) plus four levels of gFF at concentrations of 0%, 5%, 10% and 15%. Oocytes were matured for 27 h, fertilized with capacitated fresh semen in Brackett and Oliphant (BO) medium for 6 h and then cultured up to 7 days, at 38.5 ˚C with 5% CO2 under humidified air. It was observed with 0% to 15% of gFF that 53.8-75.0% of the oocytes reached the cumulus cell expansion level-3; 41.5-67.8% reached metaphase-II; 28.6-38.4% exhibited normal fertilization (formation of 2-pronuclei); 12.3-33.7% were 2-cell embryos. The development of embryos was arrested at the 2-cell stage in control media and at the 8-cell stage in 5% media, though morula and blastocyst stages developed in 10% (14.1% and 9.3%, respectively) and 15% gFF media (18.0% and 10.0%, respectively). In comparison, it was observed that the results in all stages of in vitro production of embryos could be significantly increased (P<0.05) by adding 5% gFF to control media. The results could further be improved (P<0.05) by increasing the level of gFF to 10% but no further increment (P>0.05) occurred when gFF increased to 15% level. It is concluded that gFF has a positive effect on in vitro production of embryos in Black Bengal goats and a 10% level of gFF is recommended based on the improvements observed and the associated economic benefits. پرونده مقاله

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37 - Effect of Fresh and Frozen Semen on in vitro Fertilization and Subsequent Development of Goat Embryos
اس. ساها ام.آ.ام.ی. خاندوکر ال.ی. اسد آ.ام.ام.تی. رضا آ. هوکیو

This study was undertaken to compare the efficiency of fresh and frozen-thawed buck semen on in vitro fertilization (IVF) of goat oocytes. Cumulus oocytes complexes (COCs) were collected by aspiration of 2-6 mm diameter follicles, which were obtained from slaughterhouse چکیده کامل

This study was undertaken to compare the efficiency of fresh and frozen-thawed buck semen on in vitro fertilization (IVF) of goat oocytes. Cumulus oocytes complexes (COCs) were collected by aspiration of 2-6 mm diameter follicles, which were obtained from slaughterhouse. Upon grading, only normal quality COCs were maturated in TCM-199 for 48 hours. The percentage of COCs reached to the M-II stage was 61.41 ± 1.97%. The matured COCs were fertilized for 5 hours in Brackett and Oliphant media using fresh and frozen thawed semen separately. After fertilization the oocytes were cultured in TCM-199 for 48 hours to observe the cleavage rate. The maturation, fertilization and culture were performed in an incubator at 38.5 ˚C with 5% CO2 in humidified air. After fertilization cleavage rates were observed to check the fitness of zygotes to be morula and blastocyst. It was observed that the rates of normal fertilization (2 PN formations) for fresh and frozen semen were 36.02 ± 2.79 and 34.73 ± 2.58%, respectively and the cleavage rates were 25.19 ± 2.5 and 21.01 ± 2.8%, respectively. No significant differences (P>0.05) was observed between fresh and frozen semen in the efficiency of in vitro fertilization and subsequent development of goat embryos. It can be concluded that, both fresh and frozen semen can be used for IVF and subsequent development of goat embryos. پرونده مقاله

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38 - Relationship among Body Weight, Testicular Traits and Linear Body Measurements of Red Sokoto Bucks FedDifferent Levels of Sabara (Guiera senegalensis) Leaf Meals
آ.آ ابراهیم ج. الییو ب. باباندی یو. ابراهیم آ. ب. امین

This study was undertaken to compare the efficiency of fresh and frozen-thawed buck semen on in vitro fertilization (IVF) of goat oocytes. Cumulus oocytes complexes (COCs) were collected by aspiration of 2-6 mm diameter follicles, which were obtained from slaughterhouse چکیده کامل

This study was undertaken to compare the efficiency of fresh and frozen-thawed buck semen on in vitro fertilization (IVF) of goat oocytes. Cumulus oocytes complexes (COCs) were collected by aspiration of 2-6 mm diameter follicles, which were obtained from slaughterhouse. Upon grading, only normal quality COCs were maturated in TCM-199 for 48 hours. The percentage of COCs reached to the M-II stage was 61.41 ± 1.97%. The matured COCs were fertilized for 5 hours in Brackett and Oliphant media using fresh and frozen thawed semen separately. After fertilization the oocytes were cultured in TCM-199 for 48 hours to observe the cleavage rate. The maturation, fertilization and culture were performed in an incubator at 38.5 ˚C with 5% CO2 in humidified air. After fertilization cleavage rates were observed to check the fitness of zygotes to be morula and blastocyst. It was observed that the rates of normal fertilization (2 PN formations) for fresh and frozen semen were 36.02 ± 2.79 and 34.73 ± 2.58%, respectively and the cleavage rates were 25.19 ± 2.5 and 21.01 ± 2.8%, respectively. No significant differences (P>0.05) was observed between fresh and frozen semen in the efficiency of in vitro fertilization and subsequent development of goat embryos. It can be concluded that, both fresh and frozen semen can be used for IVF and subsequent development of goat embryos. پرونده مقاله

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39 - Crude Protein Fractions and in vitroGas Production of Alfalfa Silages Treated with Pistachio by-Products Extract
ا. مختارپور ع.ع. ناصریان ر. ولی‌زاده م. دانش مسگران ف. پورملایی

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the crude protein fractionation, in vitro gas production and the biological effects of tannins in alfalfa silage treated with different levels of pistachio by-products (PB) extract. PB was soaked in water with a ratio of 1:5 (w چکیده کامل

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the crude protein fractionation, in vitro gas production and the biological effects of tannins in alfalfa silage treated with different levels of pistachio by-products (PB) extract. PB was soaked in water with a ratio of 1:5 (w/v) for 12 h. After filtering and concentrating, the crude extract was added to fresh alfalfa to a final concentration of 1%, 2% and 3% tannin dry matter (DM) and then ensiled for 60 days. Four treatments were as follows: alfalfa silage without addition of PB extract as a control (T0), PB tannin added at 1% (T1), 2% (T2) and 3% DM (T3). Treating alfalfa silage decreased the formation of non-protein nitrogen (NPN) compounds and increased crude protein fraction B2 during ensilage. Cumulative in vitro gas production after 96 h incubation, organic matter digestibility (OMD) and metabolizable energy (ME) decreased in T2 and T3 compared to the control. The gas production and short chain fatty acids (SCFA) of treated silages increased in the presence of polyethylene glycol (PEG) which indicates that the presence of phenolic compounds and tannins depressed the gas production. It can be concluded that treating alfalfa silage with PB extract can reduce the nitrogen losses during ensilage and degradability of organic matter (OM) by microbial inhibition. پرونده مقاله

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40 - Nutritional Value, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopic Molecular Structures, Mycotoxines and Heavy Metals Concentration of Un-Ripe, Ripe and Sun-Dried Fruit from ‘Sultana’ Grapevine for Ruminants
م. یاری م. منافی م. هدایتی ر. کریمی ر. ولی‌زاده آ. جنکر

Grapes and grape-derived products have worldwide importance due to its consumption by human, however, they may also be used for ruminant feeding when their price or quality is low. The objectives of current study were to determine the nutritive value, in terms of chemic چکیده کامل

Grapes and grape-derived products have worldwide importance due to its consumption by human, however, they may also be used for ruminant feeding when their price or quality is low. The objectives of current study were to determine the nutritive value, in terms of chemical composition, in vitro rumen gas production kinetics and predicted nutrient supply, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopic (FTIR) molecular structures and mycotoxin and heavy metal contaminants in un-ripe, ripe and sun-dried (raisin) fruits of ‘Sultana’ grapevine for ruminants. Un-ripe fruit had higher nitrogen to total carbohydrate ratio and total phenol and tannin concentration (P<0.05) than ripe and sun-dried grapevine, and tended to have higher vibration spectroscopy peak area related to phenolic compounds and related to structural carbohydrates than ripe and sun dried fruit. Raisin had higher in vitro cumulative gas production at 24 h of incubation (P<0.05). Aflatoxin B1, B2, G1 and G2 and Ochratoxin A were not detectable in un-ripe and ripe grapevine fruit, while low concentrations were found in raisin (P<0.05). The lead concentration was lower in un-ripe fruit and raisin than in ripe fruit (P<0.05). In conclusion, phenolic compounds and tannins, mycotoxins and heavy metal concentration in un-ripe and ripe fruits and raisin of Sultana’ grapevine were lower than toxic level for animal nutrition and nutrient profile and availability of the grapevine products make it a suitable feed to replace forage in the diet of ruminants. پرونده مقاله

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41 - Comparing Rumen Fluid to Buffer Ratios to Estimate in vitro Degradability, Fermentation, and Methane Profiles of Seven Forages at Two Incubation Times
M.M.H. Khan A.S. Chaudhry

Using different rumen fluid (RF) or RF to buffer (B) ratios (RFB) could be a limiting factor in evaluating numerous feeds for obtaining reproducible estimates of in vitro rumen degradability. Thus, two duplicated factorial experiments (exp) compared the effect of changi چکیده کامل

Using different rumen fluid (RF) or RF to buffer (B) ratios (RFB) could be a limiting factor in evaluating numerous feeds for obtaining reproducible estimates of in vitro rumen degradability. Thus, two duplicated factorial experiments (exp) compared the effect of changing the RFB ratios on degradability, fermentation, and methane profiles of seven forages during in vitro incubations with 40 mL of buffered RF (inoculum, RI) for 48 and 96 hours. Exp 1 (7×2×2) involved 7 forages (F) and 2 RFB ratios (1:2 and 1:4), for two incubation times (T, 48 and 96 hours). The main effects of F and T were significant (P<0.05) but the effect of RFB ratio was not always significant (P>0.05) for the mean in vitro dry matter degradability (IVD) and organic matter degradability (IVOMD). The mean IVD and IVOMD of each forage and mean of all forages were significantly (P<0.05) higher after 96 h than 48 h of incubation. The F × RFB interaction was significant (P<0.05) for IVD and IVOMD depending on different RFB ratios. In exp 2 (7×2) involving the same 7 forages and 2 RFB ratios, total gas volume and methane were significantly (P<0.001) higher for the 1:2 than the 1:4 RFB ratio. Methane concentration was higher for the high fibrous than the low fibrous forages. Ammonia concentration, total gas volume, and methane production correlated positively with IVD. It appeared that the degradability, fermentation, and methane profiles of different forages were influenced by the RFB ratios, and in vitro incubation times. However, the changes in IVD and fermentation profiles were not proportionate to the change in RFB from 1:4 to 1:2. IVD for 1:2 and 1:4 ratios are very highly correlated at both 48 and 96 h. Thus, the use of diluted rumen fluid with a 1:4 RFB ratio is proposed suitable for subsequent studies to rank a wide range of feed ingredients for both degradability and methane measurements. However, in places where it is easy to collect RF can continue in vitro trial with a 1:2 RFB ratio. پرونده مقاله

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42 - In vitro and in situ Ruminal Degradability of Oak Leaves (Quercus persica) as Affected by Growth Stage during Spring Season and Polyethylene Glycol Application
N. Rahimi F. Fatahnia M. Yousef Elahi R. Tabaraki G. Taasoli F. Ahmadi J.W. Cone

This study was conducted to identify the nutritive and anti-nutritive composition, in situ rumen degradability, and the kinetics of in vitro gas production of Persian oak (Quercus persica) leaves harvested at three growth stages during the spring season. A tannin bioass چکیده کامل

This study was conducted to identify the nutritive and anti-nutritive composition, in situ rumen degradability, and the kinetics of in vitro gas production of Persian oak (Quercus persica) leaves harvested at three growth stages during the spring season. A tannin bioassay was also performed using polyethylene glycol (PEG 6000) as a tannin-complexing agent in a gas production test. Leaves were harvested in monthly intervals in spring, starting on April when leaves were at the early vegetative stage, and then May and June. As the leaf maturity progressed, crude protein decreased but total phenols, total tannins, and hydrolysable tannins increased. Condensed tannin concentration was not affected by maturity stage (Average=13.0 mg leucocyanidin equivalent/g dry matter (DM)). As leaf maturity increased, the rapidly degradable A fraction of DM increased. In vitro gas production, metabolizable energy, in vitro DM degradability, ruminal NH3-N, and short-chain fatty acid concentrations were greatest in leaves harvested at the early vegetative stage (April) compared with other months. Application of PEG increased in vitro gas production, metabolizable energy, in vitro DM degradability, and NH3-N and short-chain fatty acid production in the rumen fluid compared with no addition of PEG. Overall, oak leaves harvested at the early vegetative stage appeared to be a good source of forage for ruminants. However, as leaf maturity increased, ruminal fermentability decreased, which was improved with PEG addition. پرونده مقاله

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43 - Semen Ejaculates Characteristics, in vitro Fertility and Their Interrelationships in Sahiwal Bull Semen
K. Ray B.B. Ghosh

This study aimed at determining the physico-morphological attributes, in vitrofertilityand their interrelationships in semen of Sahiwal bulls. Semen samples werecollected weekly for 6 weeks from ten mature Sahiwal bulls divided randomly into 5 groups. The mean (± چکیده کامل

This study aimed at determining the physico-morphological attributes, in vitrofertilityand their interrelationships in semen of Sahiwal bulls. Semen samples werecollected weekly for 6 weeks from ten mature Sahiwal bulls divided randomly into 5 groups. The mean (±SEM) of ejaculate volume (mL), mass activity (score 0-5), progressive sperm motility (%), sperm concentration (106/mL), live sperm (%), abnormal sperm (%), intact acrosome (%), hypo-osmotic swelling (HOS) positive sperm (%), sperm penetration distance (SPD, mm) were 4.28, 3.17, 76.73, 1185.53, 83.37, 9.97, 82.70, 79.00 and 56.85, respectively. The bulls varied significantly (P<0.05) in all their ejaculates characteristics Moreover, HOS positive sperm also had significant (P<0.01) positive correlation with mass activity (r=0.756), progressively motile sperm (r=0.374), live sperm (r=0.395) and SPD (r=0.681), and negative correlation with abnormal sperm (r=-0.463). Sperm penetration distance has significant (P<0.05) positive correlation with mass activity (r=0.776), progressively motile sperm (r=0.653), sperm concentration (r=0.365) and HOS positive sperm (r=0.681), and negative correlation with intact acrosome (r=-0.415).Overall semen quality of Sahiwalbulls was found optimum for use in breeding programme. پرونده مقاله

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44 - In vitro Effect of the Inorganic Buffers in the Diets of Holstein Dairy Cow Varying in Forage: Concentrate Ratios on the Rumen Acid Load and Methane Emission
S. Fadaee n. دانش مسگران A. Vakili

The present research was conducted aimed at using the approach involving the in vitro tests to evaluate effect by various inorganic buffers used in the diets of Holstein dairy cow on the dietary buffering capacity, ruminal acidogenecity value (AV), methane emission and چکیده کامل

The present research was conducted aimed at using the approach involving the in vitro tests to evaluate effect by various inorganic buffers used in the diets of Holstein dairy cow on the dietary buffering capacity, ruminal acidogenecity value (AV), methane emission and assess the relationship between them. The buffers were sodium bicarbonate (SB), sodium sesquicarbonate (SSc), a commercial buffer [BEHINAÒ, (BH)], and potassium carbonate (PC). Basal diets were low forage [30% forage and 70% concentrate, (FC30:70)], mid forage [35% forage and 65% concentrate, (FC35:65)], and high forage [40% forage and 60% concentrate, (FC40:60)]. The buffers were added to the diets in the concentrations of 0.0, 8.0 and 12.0 g/kg dry matter (DM). In vitro pH, AV, and methane emission of the experimental diets were determined using the gas production technique. Results showed that buffering capacity was significantly the highest for the PC, followed by BH, SB, and SSc (143.3, 138.3, 136.6, and 135, respectively). Analysis of the acid load revealed that adding 8 g/kg of DM of SB in the FC40:60 diet led to the lowest AV (9.6 mg Ca g–1 DM). In addition, adding 12 g/kg of DM of BH in the FC30:70 and 8 g/kg of DM of SB in the FC35:65 diet caused the lowest (5.27) and highest (5.43) pH compared to the other treatments, respectively. The FC40:60 diet containing 8 g/kg DM of PC had the lowest level of methane emission (1.01 mL/0.20 g DM). Our findings demonstrated that the rumen acid load and methane emission may alter when the dietary buffering capacities are changed using the inorganic buffers. پرونده مقاله

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45 - Influence of Fibrolytic Enzymes on the in vitro Hydrolysis and Fermentation of Different Types of Roughages Treatment
A. Moharrery

The effects of pre-treating different types of roughages with alkali on the efficacy of exogenous fibrolytic enzymes for improving their digestibility were studied in vitroin factorial arrangement 4 × 3 × 5 (enzyme, treatment and roughage types). Two fibroly چکیده کامل

The effects of pre-treating different types of roughages with alkali on the efficacy of exogenous fibrolytic enzymes for improving their digestibility were studied in vitroin factorial arrangement 4 × 3 × 5 (enzyme, treatment and roughage types). Two fibrolytic feed enzymes novozyme (N) and celloclast (C) their combination (N+C) were evaluated for their potential to improve in vitrodegradation of different roughages including two straws (wheat straw: WS; barley straw: BS), grass hay (GH), corn stover (CS) and corn cobs (CC) as untreated or alkaline treated (NaOH or urea). The enzyme products were in liquid form and applied at a rate of 1 mg enzyme protein/g DM substrate. Anaerobic buffer medium and strained ruminal fluid were added to the in vitroincubations. Degradabilities of dry matter (DM), neutral detergent fibre (NDF), cellulose, soluble protein and reducing sugar profiles were determined at the end of the 24 h incubation. Overall NDF degradability of roughages were slightly increased by alkaline treatment (P<0.05) but, the addition of fibrolytic enzymes directly to the ruminal fluid at the application rates could not increase significantly DM or cellulose degradation (P>0.05). Use of fibrolytic enzymes released higher amounts of reducing sugars and lower soluble protein compared to control (P<0.05). Alkali treatment increased (P<0.05) the degradability of DM and fiber degradability. It was higher in NaOH treated forage compared to urea treated forages (P<0.05). پرونده مقاله

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46 - In vitro Fiber Digestibility, Gas Production and Enzyme Activity of Cellulolytic Bacteria of Arabian Camels (Dromedary) Fed Cultivable and Pasture Forage
پ. دادور ط. محمدآبادی م. ساری ج. فیاضی

This experiment was conducted to evaluate of rumen cellulolytic bacteria activity of dromedary camels fed cultivable and pasture forage. Four fistulated dromedary camels were fed for 35 days in 2 periods as cross over design with cultivable and pasture forage (4 camels چکیده کامل

This experiment was conducted to evaluate of rumen cellulolytic bacteria activity of dromedary camels fed cultivable and pasture forage. Four fistulated dromedary camels were fed for 35 days in 2 periods as cross over design with cultivable and pasture forage (4 camels per forage). Then rumen fluid was collected after morning feeding. Inoculant of cellulolytic bacteria was prepared and in vitro gas production, digestibility and enzyme activity were measured (6 replicates). Treatments were including: rumen fluid of camels fed cultivable forage × wheat straw and or atriplex as a substrate and rumen fluid of camels fed pasture forage × wheat straw and or atriplex as a substrate. The result showed, after 96 hours incubation, the produced gas and actual digested organic matter for treatments 1 and 4 were higher (P≤0.01). However, the ammonia-N was affeted by treatments at 24 and 48 h incubation (P≤0.05). Digestibility of dry matter, organic matter and natural detergent fiber by bacteria were influenced by treatments (P≤0.01). The results revealed that the activity of endoglucanase and exoglucanase in treatments 1 and 3 at 48 h incubation (P≤0.01) and values of treatment 4 at 96 h was the highest (P≤0.01). Therefore, pasture forage such atriplex caused to a silent delay in starting bacteria fermentation activity in camels, then primary delay was compensated by adaptation to the substrate. Also feeding of C4 pasture forage to camels improved the fiber degradability and enzyme activity of rumen bacteria in compared with C3 cultivable forage. پرونده مقاله

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47 - An Investigation on the Effect of Adding Different Levels of Molasses on the Silage Quality of Pistachio (Pistachio vera) by Product and Wheat Straw Mixture Silages
ن. دنک اس.اس. آیدین ب. دوگان داس ام. آوسی ام. ساورانلو

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of adding different levels of molasses (1-5%) on the silage quality, in vitro methane production and in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD) of pistachio (Pistachio vera) by-product and wheat straw mixture چکیده کامل

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of adding different levels of molasses (1-5%) on the silage quality, in vitro methane production and in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD) of pistachio (Pistachio vera) by-product and wheat straw mixture silages. For this purpose, silages were prepared with pistachio by-product (85%) and wheat straw (15%) without molasses (control group), and with addition of molasses from 1% to 5% (treatment groups). All the treatments consisted of five replicate silos, and they were prepared in 1.5 L glass jar silos. While silage pH and acetic acid values decreased with addition of molasses levels (P<0.05), silage lactic acid values increased (P<0.05). Butyric and propionic acid were not detected in any of the silages. Addition of all levels of molasses increased in vitro methane production, IVOMD and metabolizable energy (ME) values (P<0.05). As a result, fresh pistachio by-product can be ensiled with addition of wheat straw and molasses to produce good quality silage. It can be concluded that this by product can be ensiled well and used as a roughage source with mixture of other roughage sources for animal nutrition in the regions where fresh pistachio by product is available. پرونده مقاله

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48 - Potential Nutritive Value of Selected Leguminous Browse Forage Species from Nigeria Using in vitro Gas Production Technique
آ.آ. نجیدا آ.اً. اًلافادهان اچ.آ. آلکالی

The chemical composition and in vitro gas production of some leguminous browse species were evaluated. Crude protein (CP) content was highest (P<0.05) in Pterocarpus erinaceus. Neutral detergent fibre, acid detergent fibre and total condensed tannins (TCT) were highe چکیده کامل

The chemical composition and in vitro gas production of some leguminous browse species were evaluated. Crude protein (CP) content was highest (P<0.05) in Pterocarpus erinaceus. Neutral detergent fibre, acid detergent fibre and total condensed tannins (TCT) were highest (P<0.05) in Erythrina senegalensis. Acid detergent lignin was greatest in Parkia biglobosa and lowest in Acacia seyal. In vitro organic matter degradability (IVOMD) was lowest and highest in Desmodium relatinum (11.87%) and Fadhebia albida (74.29%), respectively. Pterocarpus erinaceus had the highest volume of gas production (GP; 29.33 mg/200 g DM) while Parkia biglobosa had the least GP (2.00 mL/200 mg DM) at 96 h. The GP from the immediately soluble fraction (a) and volume of gas produced (mL) at time t (Y) were highest in Pterocarpus erinaceus and Erythrina senegalensis.Gas production from the insoluble but degradable fraction (b)and potential GP (a+b) were greatest in Dicrostachys cinerea. Rate of GP (c) varied among the browses without a definite pattern. The CP of browses was positively significantly correlated with incubation period at all hours and fermentation characteristics (a, c and Y). Neutral detergent fibre (NDF) was positively correlated with incubation periods and a, a + b and c. Acid detergent fibre (ADF) was negatively correlated with incubation hours but was positively related to gas fermentation characteristics. Acid detergent lignin (ADL) and IVOMD were weakly correlated with incubation hours but had a strong relationships with some gas fermentation characteristics. Total condensed tannins (TCT) showed a positive correlation with incubation period at 6, 12, 24 and 96 h but their relationship with fermentation characteristics was positive and weak. Phenolic content was positive and strongly correlated with incubation period at 3, 6 12 and 24 h, a, c and Y. Based on their relatively high CP, moderate fibre levels and low condensed tannins contents, it can be concluded that the browse legume forages have nutritive potential as fodders for ruminants in tropical environment. پرونده مقاله

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49 - Rumen Fermentation Responses to Dairy Diets Differing in Protein Degradation Potential and Processed Barley Grain
ا. خطیبی شهری م. دانش مسگران د. زحمتکش

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of dairy cow diets containing different protein sources [soybean meal, xylose protected soybean meal (Yasminomax®), and steam-flaked whole soybean] and various partially processed grain on in vitro gas production ki چکیده کامل

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of dairy cow diets containing different protein sources [soybean meal, xylose protected soybean meal (Yasminomax®), and steam-flaked whole soybean] and various partially processed grain on in vitro gas production kinetics and the microbial nitrogen yield. Soybean meal (S) and xylose protected of soybean meal (XS) were provided as 0.56:0.44 (SXSL) and 0.51:0.49 (SXSH) ratios. The diets were ground barley (B) + S, B+ SXSL, steam-flaked barley (FB) + S, FB + SXSL, B + steam-flaked whole soybean (WS), B + SXSH, FB + WS and FB + SXSH. An in vitro gas production technique was used to define the differences in the microbial nitrogen production of the diets. Asymptotic gas volume (b) was higher than the others for diets containing steam-flaked whole soybean (P<0.01). The highest constant rate of gas production (c) belongs to diet with ground barley and soybean meal, the highest halftime of gas production (t1/2) was obtained from diet with steam-flaked barley and soybean meal (P<0.01). The microbial nitrogen yield and consequently microbial nitrogen to diet nitrogen ratio were higher in diets containing xylose protected soybean meal than the others, especially, when compared with steam-flaked whole soybean diets (P<0.05). These results showed that WS, when compared with S and XS may not improve rumen fermentation and microbial nitrogen production with both ground and steam-flaked barley grain and the best performance in microbial nitrogen yield belongs to xylose protected soybean meal. پرونده مقاله

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50 - Association of Biological and Chemical Additives on Nutrient Composition, Total Losses, Microbiological and Fermentative Profile of Sugarcane Silage
اچ.ام.سی. اراکی ای.آر. د اُلیویرا جی.آر. گندرا آر.اچ. تی.بی. د گواِس سی.اس. تکیا آ.جی. جکواَنا کا.ام.پی. د اُلیویرا دی.ان. وسکواِس ان.آر. برندااُ کنسلو تی.آ. دل واله ان. دوآن اُرباچ

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of a bacterial inoculant and chemical additives on nutrient composition, in vitro degradation, total loss, aerobic stability, microbiological quality, and fermentative profile of sugarcane silage. Treatments were distri چکیده کامل

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of a bacterial inoculant and chemical additives on nutrient composition, in vitro degradation, total loss, aerobic stability, microbiological quality, and fermentative profile of sugarcane silage. Treatments were distributed to forty-eight mini-silos in a 2 × 4 factorial arrangement: two levels of microbial inoculant (INO, 0 or 4 g/t of fresh sugarcane and three chemical additives (CHE, CaO, NaCl and urea at 10 g/kg on as-is basis). The association of INO and urea had the highest values of dry matter (DM) and neutral detergent fiber in vitro degradation. Treatments with inoculant and chemical additives reduced the gas loss (g/kg as-is basis). The association of INO and CHE increased the amounts of lactic acid bacteria. The association of INO and CHE resulted in a synergetic effect to decrease ethanol production and to increase lactic acid production. Inoculant and CHE showed a positive synergetic effect on total losses, dry matter recovery, microbiological profile, and production of ethanol and lactic acid. Treatments containing urea had greater DM in vitro degradation and aerobic stability compared with the other chemical additives. The association of INO and CHE positively affected the chemical composition, in vitro degradation, total losses, aerobic stability, microbiological and fermentative profile of sugarcane silage. پرونده مقاله

دسترسی آزاد مقاله

51 - The Effect of Soybean Meal Heating Time on the in vitro Digestibility and Ruminal Fermentation Profile
W. Wulandari B.P. Widyobroto C.T. Noviandi A. Agus

The aim of this study was to determine the most optimal heating time in protection of protein rich feedstuff on digestibility and in vitro ruminal fermentation profile. Proteinous feedstuffs used in this study is soybean meal (Glycine max). This study is designed using چکیده کامل

The aim of this study was to determine the most optimal heating time in protection of protein rich feedstuff on digestibility and in vitro ruminal fermentation profile. Proteinous feedstuffs used in this study is soybean meal (Glycine max). This study is designed using one way ANOVA, with five treatments of heating time (T0 (control)= unheated, T1= 10 min, T2= 20 min, T3= 30 min, and T4= 40 min) at 120 ˚C and 6 replications. All the treatment samples then incubated for 48 h according to the 2-stage in vitro technique. The results showed that protecting soybean meal through heating decreased the dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM) digestibility, NH3 concentration and acetic acid:propionate ratio (A:P) (p < 0.05) compared with the control group. In general, there were no significant effects on ruminal pH, total and proportion of volatile fatty acids (VFA), and microbial protein. A decrease in NH3 concentration and A:P ratio was seen in T2 (49.05 mg/100 mL and 1.52, respectively). It can be concluded that protein protection in soybean meal through heat treatment can decrease rumen degradation. The best heating time for protecting soybean meal was found at 20 minutes. پرونده مقاله

دسترسی آزاد مقاله

52 - Determination of Nutritive Value of Soybean Varieties Using in vitro Methods and Gas Production Technique
ت. آیسان م. بوگا م. بایلان اس. ارگول اچ. کوتای اس. نعیم سابر سی. میزرک پی. کوبوکسو

This study was conducted to determine the nutritive value of soybean varieties using in vitro methods and gas production technique.In vitro gas productions and gas production kinetics of soybean variety were determined at 0, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h incubation time چکیده کامل

This study was conducted to determine the nutritive value of soybean varieties using in vitro methods and gas production technique.In vitro gas productions and gas production kinetics of soybean variety were determined at 0, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h incubation times. This study revealed that there were variations among five different soybean varieties in terms of chemical composition and gas production rate. The crude protein (CP) contents of soybean variety ranged from 34.02 to 37.13%. Ash content of soybean seeds ranged from 5.42 to 5.59%. The neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) contents ranged from 16.4 to 25.0% and 13.0 to 21.6%, respectively. The ether extract (EE) ranged from 18.72 to 21.00%. The gas production rate (c) ranged from 0.110 to 0.150%. The highest gas production rate of soybean variety were found in Adasoy and Nazlıcan varieties (P<0.05). The metabolisable energy (ME) and organic matter digestibility (OMD) contents of soybean variety ranged from 7.053 to 7.383 MJ/kg DM and 71.953 to 75.320%, respectively.As a result of this study, soybean variety can be successfully used for ruminant feeds. There are considerable differences in the CP, NDF and ADF between different soybean varieties.Türksoy and Nazlıcan varieties are recommended for use in ration because of higher protein and digestibility. پرونده مقاله

دسترسی آزاد مقاله

53 - Fenugreek Seed (Trigonella foenum-graecum) and Asparagus Root (Asparagus officinalis) Effects on Digestion and Kinetics of Gas Production of Alfalfa Hay Using in vitro Technique
و. ناصری ف. کفیل‌زاده ف. هژبری

The aim of this paper was to study of the effect of fenugreek seed (Trigonella foenum-graecum) and asparagus root (Asparagus officinalis) on in vitro digestibility and kinetics of gas production of alfalfa hay. Fenugreek seed (FS) and asparagus root (AR) were added at d چکیده کامل

The aim of this paper was to study of the effect of fenugreek seed (Trigonella foenum-graecum) and asparagus root (Asparagus officinalis) on in vitro digestibility and kinetics of gas production of alfalfa hay. Fenugreek seed (FS) and asparagus root (AR) were added at different levels (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20% of DM). Total phenolic components of alfalfa hay (AH), fenugreek seed (FS) and asparagus root (AR) were 5.9, 10 and 8.3 g/kg DM, total tannins 0.4, 3.8 and 1.5 g/kg DM and saponin 10.4, 27.3 and 40.3 g/kg DM, respectively. In vitro dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) digestibility of alfalfa decreased (P<0.05) by addition of different levels of FS, but were not affected by adding AR. Addition of FS did not affect alfalfa crude protein (CP) digestibility, but AR at levels of 5 and 20% DM decreased (P<0.05) it. Metabolizable energy (ME) increased (P<0.05) due to addition of FS, but it decreased (P<0.05) by incorporation of AR. Addition of FS (at 10% DM level) and AR (at 5% DM level) decreased (P<0.05) potential gas production. The rate constants (c and d) were not affected by addition of FS and AR. FS and AR at level of 5% DM decreased (P<0.05) lag time (l). FS did not affect fermentation rate (h-1), but AR at level of 10% DM increased (P<0.05) it. Results suggest that fenugreek seed and asparagus root due to secondary metabolites content's may have potential to improve the nutritive value of alfalfa hay پرونده مقاله

دسترسی آزاد مقاله

54 - Investigation of the Nutritional Potential of some Rangeland Plants Species by in vitro Gas Production and Fermentation Parameters in Torbat-e Jam, Iran: A Meta-Analysis and Meta-Regression
E. Ibrahimi Khoram Abadi M. Kazemi

The current study aimed to evaluate the nutritional potential of some rangeland plants by in vitro gas production kinetics and ruminal fermentation parameters in the Torbat-e Jam region using a meta-analysis approach. A comprehensive literature searches in the scientiﬁc چکیده کامل

The current study aimed to evaluate the nutritional potential of some rangeland plants by in vitro gas production kinetics and ruminal fermentation parameters in the Torbat-e Jam region using a meta-analysis approach. A comprehensive literature searches in the scientiﬁc databases was carried out to identify studies that investigated the variables of interest. The data analyzed were extracted from 13 peer-reviewed publications. The effect size of all outcomes was reported as a standardized means difference (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Q test and I2 were calculated to determine the heterogeneity, and a meta-regression was also used to investigate sources of heterogeneity. A significant increase for 24 h in vitro gas production (IVGP) was observed (P<0.01). Among the estimated gas parameters, potential GP (bgas) and fractional rate of GP (cgas) were increased significantly (P<0.05). Also, short chain fatty acids (SCFA) (P<0.05), microbial protein yield (MPY) (P<0.01), and ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) (P<0.01) of culture medium were increased. The values of I2 (>50) and Q (P<0.05) for 24 h IVGP, bgas, cgas, SCFA, MPY and NH3-N indicated high heterogeneity. No publication bias was found for 24 h IVGP, bgas, and SCFA. With the evaluation of funnel plots, only one study on the right of each plot indicates publication bias for cgas, MPY, and NH3-N. A strong regression relation (P<0.01) between some chemical compositions (dry matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, and acid detergent fiber) and MPY and NH3-N was suggested from meta-regression analysis. In conclusion, the current meta-analysis confirmed that there were differences in fermentation parameters among all rangeland plants. However, all plants species had a relatively high potential nutritive value. According to the reported fermentation parameters, it seems that most of the Torbat-e Jam rangeland plants species have high nutritional value in small ruminant feeding. More in vivo and in vitro studies are needed to assess the other nutritive values and their effects on animal performance. پرونده مقاله

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55 - Nutritive Value Evaluation of Processed Chickpea (Cicer arietinum) Residues with some Chemicals Based on in vitro, in situ and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) Techniques
F. Ghanbari T. Ghoorchi J. Bayat Kouhsar M. Samiee Zafarghandi

This research was conducted to investigate the the effect of sodium hydroxide (NaOH, 50 g/kg DM), calcium oxide (CaO, 160 g/kg DM), hydrobromic acid (HBr, 60 mL/kg DM) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2, 57 mL/kg DM) processings on the nutritive value of chickpea (Cicer arieti چکیده کامل

This research was conducted to investigate the the effect of sodium hydroxide (NaOH, 50 g/kg DM), calcium oxide (CaO, 160 g/kg DM), hydrobromic acid (HBr, 60 mL/kg DM) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2, 57 mL/kg DM) processings on the nutritive value of chickpea (Cicer arietinum) residues. The chemical composition of the samples was determined using the standard methods. Degradability trial was done using nylon bag technique. In vitro digestibility of the samples was determined by the batch culture procedure. X-ray diffraction method (XRD) was used to determine the crystallininty degree of the samples. Treatments of NaOH, CaO and H2O2 increased the ash content (P<0.0001). The ether extract (EE) was reduced by the NaOH and H2O2 treatments (P=0.0006). Except CaO, the other treatments reduced (P<0.0001) the neutral detergent fiber (NDF). Processing with HBr increased (P=0.0014) total digestible nutrients (TDN), net energy for lactation (NEl), and net energy for gain (NEg). CaO, HBr, and H2O2 treatments increased the effective ruminal degradability (ERD) of dry matter at ruminal outflow rates of 0.02, 0.05 and 0.08 h-1 (P=0.0074, P<0.0001). Except CaO (P<0.0001), the other treatments had no positive effect on the samples in vitro digestibility. The treatments increased the efficiency of microbial biomass at the end of 24 h incubation (P<0.0001). Chemicals reduced the crystallinity degree of chickpea residues compared to the control. The least crystallinity percentage was observed in CaO treated samples. Totally, based on the in vitro and in situ results, treatments, especially HBr, had a positive effect on nutritional value of chickpea residues. However, these results must be confirmed or invalidated by in vivo tests. پرونده مقاله

دسترسی آزاد مقاله

56 - Role of Follicle Stimulating Hormone in the Survival, Activation and Further Growth of in vitro Cultured Sheep Primordial Follicles
ف. اسماعیل زاده س. م. حسینی م. حاجیان ز. نصیری م. چمنی م. امین افشار M.H. Nasr-Esfahani

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) on survival, activation and growth of ovine primordial follicles using histological studies. Pieces of ovine ovarian cortex were obtained and cultured for 6 days in Minimum چکیده کامل

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) on survival, activation and growth of ovine primordial follicles using histological studies. Pieces of ovine ovarian cortex were obtained and cultured for 6 days in Minimum Essential Medium supplemented with or without FSH (50 ng/mL). These fragments were then process to be used for histology compared to each other and non-cultured group. The results showed that the lowest percentage of normal follicles in control medium was observed after 6 days of culture. A higher percentage of growing follicles was observed in presence vs. absence of FSH. Moreover, an increase in diameter of both oocyte and follicle was observed in those fragments that have been cultured in presence of FSH. This study demonstrated that FSH not only maintains the morphological integrity of ovine preantral follicles cultured for 6 days in vitro, but also stimulates the activation of primordial follicles and the growth of activated follicles. پرونده مقاله

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57 - Influence of plant growth regulators (BA, TDZ, 2-iP and NAA) on micropropagation of Aglaonema widuri
Behazd Kaviani Shahram Sedaghathoor Mohammad Reza Safari Motlagh Seddigeh Rouhi

10.30495/ijpp.2019.668856

Aglaonema widuri is an evergreen and indoor ornamental plant. This study aimed to investigate the effect of some plant growth regulators on micropropagation of A. widuri. A protocol was developed for high frequency in vitro multiplication of A. widuri on the same medium چکیده کامل

Aglaonema widuri is an evergreen and indoor ornamental plant. This study aimed to investigate the effect of some plant growth regulators on micropropagation of A. widuri. A protocol was developed for high frequency in vitro multiplication of A. widuri on the same medium for both shoots and roots induction. This condition decreases time duration and cost of micropropagation. Apical buds as explants were obtained from greenhouse-grown A. widuri and were established on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium. Three cytokinins including N6-benzyladenine (BA; 0.00, 3.00, 3.50, and 4.00 mg l-1), 1-phenyl-3-(1,2,3-thiaiazol-5-yl), urea (TDZ; 0.00, 0.50, and 1.00 mg l-1), and N6-(2-isopentenyl) adenine (2-iP; 0.00 and 7.00 mg l-1), along with one auxin [α-naphtalene acetic acid (NAA; 0.00, 0.10, 0.20, 0.30, and 0.40 mg l-1) were studied for their effect on micropropagation of A. widuri. The plantlets were transferred to pots and grown in the greenhouse with a success rate of 95%. BA and NAA treatments as 3.00 mg l-1+ 0.2 mg l-1 recorded the highest shoot proliferation rate (number: 6.00 shoots and length: 7.75 cm per explant). Treatment of 4.00 mg l-1 BA + 0.10 mg l-1 NAA + 0.50 mg l-1 TDZ produced maximum nodes (13.25 per explant). The largest number of leaves (4.25 per explant) was produced in the medium containing 3.50 mg l-1 BA + 0.20 mg l-1 NAA. Maximum root initiation and development (14.25 per explant) was obtained on the medium containing 3.00 mg l-1 BA + 0.20 mg l-1 NAA. The combination of 3.50 mg l-1 BA + 0.20 mg l-1 NAA was found to be the most suitable growth regulator for obtaining the highest root length (8.25 cm per explant). پرونده مقاله

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58 - The responses of potato cultivars to osmotic and temperature stresses under in vitro conditions
Farnoosh Jafari Jaber Panahandeh Alireza Motallebi Azar Mousa Torabi Giglou

10.30495/ijpp.2019.667296

In order to investigate the responses of potato plantlets under in vitro conditions to osmotic and temperature stresses, a factorial experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design with three replications. Each replicate contained a glass jar with 5 explant چکیده کامل

In order to investigate the responses of potato plantlets under in vitro conditions to osmotic and temperature stresses, a factorial experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design with three replications. Each replicate contained a glass jar with 5 explants grown in it. The first factor was water deficit at four levels of osmotic stress caused by polyethylene glycol 6000 including control, -0.5,-0.1, and -1.5 MPa and the second factor was temperature at three levels of 15, 25 and 35° C. Five potato cultivars, including 3 promising clones, 143, 301, and 306 as well as Marfona and Picasso cultivars were exposed to stresses in MS medium. Eight weeks after stress period, indicators such as fresh and dry weights of plantlets, electrolyte leakage, proline, catalase, phosphorus, and potassium concentrations were measured. The results of variance analysis indicated that the simple effects of factors as well as the interactions of the investigated factors at P≤0.01 had a significant effect on the study traits. Mean comparison showed that the temperature stress decreased the fresh and dry weights of plantlets and potassium concentration but increased electrolyte leakage, proline, catalase, and phosphorus concentration. On the other hand, osmotic stress reduced fresh and dry weight of plantlets, P and K, while proline, CAT, and electrolyte leakage increased. The combination of stresses lowered plantlets’ resistance to stresses because osmotic stress of -0.5 MPa and higher, in combination with 35° C caused the explants to dry. Finally, results showed that Marfona cultivar was more tolerant to stress conditions than other genotypes. This seems to be the result of accumulating more proline and high antioxidant activity. On the other hand, clone 306 was more susceptible to stress than other genotypes and the plantlets 306 experienced more damage and dried. پرونده مقاله

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59 - Micropropagation of Phalaenopsis circus via direct organogenesis using protocorm-like bodies explant
Hasan Kiaheirati Davood Hashemabadi Behzad Kaviani

10.30495/ijpp.2023.701446

Phalaenopsis orchid has high economic value in the floriculture industry and is one of the most popular orchids in the world. Tissue culture techniques makes it possible to propagate and conserve this species. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of d چکیده کامل

Phalaenopsis orchid has high economic value in the floriculture industry and is one of the most popular orchids in the world. Tissue culture techniques makes it possible to propagate and conserve this species. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of different concentrations of two plant growth regulators (PGRs), namely N-Phenyl-N′-1,2,3-thiadiazol-5-yl-urea (TDZ) and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), alone and in combination with each other, on the number of protocorm-like bodies (PLBs), leaves, and roots, along with leaf and root lengths of micropropagated Phalaenopsis circus using leaf explants through organogenesis method. Also, correlations between these traits in the Phalaenopsis circus plantlets under study were calculated. Plantlets produced from PLBs were cultured on MS (Murashige and Skoog) basal media enriched with various levels and combinations of TDZ and 2,4-D. The optimal concentrations of the PGRs for micropropagation of Phalaenopsis circus are reported and discussed. The maximum number of PLBs (75.00) was obtained on the medium enriched with 1.00 mg l–1 2,4-D. The highest length of leaf (5.23 cm) was calculated on the medium enriched with 2.00 mg l–1 2,4-D. Concentration of 1.00 mg l–1 TDZ induced the maximum number (6.07) of leaf. The longest root length (4.15 cm) and the largest number of root (4.93) was obtained in medium augmented with 2.00 mg l–1 2,4-D. پرونده مقاله

دسترسی آزاد مقاله

60 - Influence of plant growth regulators (BA, TDZ, 2-iP and NAA) on micropropagation of Aglaonema widuri
Behazd Kaviani Shahram Sedaghathoor Mohammad Reza Safari Motlagh Seddigeh Rouhi

10.30495/ijpp.2019.664575

Aglaonema widuri is an evergreen and indoor ornamental plant. This study aimed to investigate the effect of some plant growth regulators on micropropagation of A. widuri. A protocol was developed for high frequency in vitro multiplication of A. widuri on the same medium چکیده کامل

Aglaonema widuri is an evergreen and indoor ornamental plant. This study aimed to investigate the effect of some plant growth regulators on micropropagation of A. widuri. A protocol was developed for high frequency in vitro multiplication of A. widuri on the same medium for both shoots and roots induction. This condition decreases time duration and cost of micropropagation. Apical buds as explants were obtained from greenhouse-grown A. widuri and were established on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium. Three cytokinins [N6-benzyladenine (BA; 0.00, 3.00, 3.50, and 4.00 mgL-1), 1-phenyl-3-(1,2,3-thiaiazol-5-yl) urea (TDZ; 0.00, 0.50, and 1.00 mgL-1), and N6-(2-isopentenyl) adenine (2-iP; 0.00 and 7.00 mgL-1)] and one auxin [α-naphtaleneacetic acid (NAA; 0.00, 0.10, 0.20, 0.30, and 0.40 mgL-1)] were studied for their effect on miropropagation of A. widuri. BA and NAA treatments as 3.00 mgL-1 + 0.2 mgL-1 recorded the highest shoot proliferation rate (number: 6.00 shoots and length: 7.75 cm per explant). Treatment of 4.00 mgL-1 BA + 0.10 mgL-1 NAA + 0.50 mgL-1 TDZ produced maximum nodes (13.25 per explant). The largest number of leaf (4.25 per explant) was produced in the medium containing 3.50 mgL-1 BA + 0.20 mgL-1 NAA. Maximum root initiation and development (14.25 per explant) was obtained on medium containing 3.00 mgL-1 BA + 0.20 mgL-1 NAA. The combination of 3.50 mgL-1 BA + 0.20 mgL-1 NAA was found to be the most suitable growth regulators for obtaining the highest root length (8.25 cm per explant). The plantlets were transferred to pots and grown in the greenhouse with a success rate of 95%. پرونده مقاله

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61 - Callus Induction and Organogenesis Capacity from Lamina Explant of Petunia × hybrida F1 Induced by BA and NAA
Behzad Kaviani Danesh Kazemi

Plant growth regulators (PGRs) have an important role in callus induction and organogenesis of plant explants cultured in vitro conditions. Callus has a proper potential for plant regeneration through indirect organogenesis and embryogenesis as well suspension culture, چکیده کامل

Plant growth regulators (PGRs) have an important role in callus induction and organogenesis of plant explants cultured in vitro conditions. Callus has a proper potential for plant regeneration through indirect organogenesis and embryogenesis as well suspension culture, genetic transformation and production of secondary metabolites. In current experiment, leaf explants of Petunia × hybrida F1 were cultured on basal Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with different concentrations of N6-benzyladenine (BA) (0.25, 0.50 and 1.00 mg l−1) and ɑ-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) (0.10, 0.20 and 0.30 mg l−1). The maximum fresh weight (5.16 g), dry weight (0.31 g) and volume of callus (24.50 cm3) was obtained in the medium containing 1.00 mg l−1 BA in combination with 0.30 mg l−1 NAA. Leaf explants did not produce callus in medium without PGRs. Plantlets were produced on all callus grown on the media containing PGRs. The most plantlets number was produced on callus induced on medium enriched with 1.00 mg l−1 BA in combination with 0.30 mg l−1 NAA. The plantlets regenerated in vitro with well-developed shoots and roots were successfully established in pots containing peat and perlite (1:1) and grown in a greenhouse within 4 weeks with a 100% survival rate. The regenerated plants were morphologically identical with mother plants and did not show any detectable phenotypic variation. پرونده مقاله

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62 - A Simple and Rapid Method for Micropropagation of Petunia × hybrida F1 'Opera Supreme Pink Morn'
Shahram Mehri Mohammad Nabi Ilkaee Farzin Saeedzadeh

For efficient regeneration of Petunia × hybrida F1 'Opera Supreme Pink Morn', a simple in vitro micropropagation protocol was developed. Axillary bud explants dissected from 30-day-old in vitro-grown seedlings sprouted from hybrid seeds were cultured on Murashige چکیده کامل

For efficient regeneration of Petunia × hybrida F1 'Opera Supreme Pink Morn', a simple in vitro micropropagation protocol was developed. Axillary bud explants dissected from 30-day-old in vitro-grown seedlings sprouted from hybrid seeds were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 36 combinations of 6-benzylaminopurine (BA; 0.00, 0.50, 1.00, 2.00, 3.00 and 5.00 mg l-1) and α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA; 0.00, 0.10, 0.50, 1.00, 1.50 and 3.00 mg l-1). The BA alone at 0.50 or 2.00 mg l-1 was found to be best for shoot length, shoot number, node number, and leaf number than other concentrations of BA and BA in combination with NAA. The highest number of shoots (8.44) and the maximum average shoot length (13.16 cm) were recorded on MS medium supplemented with 0.50 mg l-1 BA without NAA. Root length (5.20 cm) and root number (8.77) were the maximum in the medium containing 0.10 mg l-1 NAA. The plantlets regenerated in vitro with well-developed shoots and roots were successfully established in pots containing peat and perlite and grown in a greenhouse within 4 weeks with a 100% survival rate. The regenerated plants were morphologically identical with donor plants and did not show any detectable phenotypic variation. Overall, BA at 0.50 or 2.00 mg l-1 had a better effect on shoot system than other concentrations of BA and BA in combination with NAA. NAA induced more root formation and root growth than BA. پرونده مقاله

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63 - Micropropagation of English Yew, an Ornamental-Medicinal Tree
Ali Sahari Moghadam Behzad Kaviani Ali Mohammadi Torkashvand Vahid Abdossi Alireza Eslami

An in vitro propagation method of English yew (Taxus baccata L.) through organogenesis method using kinetin (Kin) and indole 3-butyric acid (IBA) as plant growth regulators and apical bud as explant is presented. Apical buds excised from mother plants were inoculated on چکیده کامل

An in vitro propagation method of English yew (Taxus baccata L.) through organogenesis method using kinetin (Kin) and indole 3-butyric acid (IBA) as plant growth regulators and apical bud as explant is presented. Apical buds excised from mother plants were inoculated on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with different concentrations and combinations of Kin (0.00, 0.50, 1.00 and 2.00 mg l–1) as a cytokinin and IBA (0.00, 0.50, 1.00 and 2.00 mg l–1) as an auxin. Results showed that the highest number of node (6.75) was obtained on MS medium containing 2.00 mg l–1 Kin. The maximum shoot number (5.00) was obtained on MS medium supplemented with 1.00 mg l–1 Kin together with 1.00 mg l–1 IBA. The largest number of root (6.50) was produced on explants grown on medium enriched with 2.00 mg l–1 Kin together with 1.00 mg l–1 IBA. Plantlets were transferred to pots filled with perlite and peat moss in equal proportions for acclimatization. These plantlets were acclimated and successfully established in cultivation beds. . پرونده مقاله

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64 - An Efficient In Vitro Propagation, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Aphyllorchis Montana (Reichenb.f.)
Ganesan Mahendran

An in vitro plant regeneration protocol was successfully established in Aphyllorchis Montana , a saprophytic achlorophyllous orchid by culturing immature seeds. Among the six basal media evaluated for seed germination, BM-TM medium was found to be the best followed by K چکیده کامل

An in vitro plant regeneration protocol was successfully established in Aphyllorchis Montana , a saprophytic achlorophyllous orchid by culturing immature seeds. Among the six basal media evaluated for seed germination, BM-TM medium was found to be the best followed by KC medium. After 40 days, all the media turned brown and the growths of the protocorms were arrested. Activated charcoal, 1 g/l in half strength BM-TM was found to be suitable for further development of protocorms. Half strength BM-TM medium was supplemented with different growth regulators either individually or in combinations for multiplication of shoots. Of the five cytokinins tested, TDZ at 6.8 μM was found to be most effective for multiple shoot induction yielding 17.24 ± 0.27 shoots after 10 weeks of culture. Addition of low concentration of NAA (1.3 μM) in MS medium supplemented with the cytokinin TDZ (6.8 μM) favoured shoot multiplication. A mean number of 27.56 ± 0.54 shoots with 3.92 ± 0.11 number of roots were produced per explant. The response of the seed derived protocorm to the different types of organic additives viz., peptone and yeast extract and coconut water was also evaluated. The addition of these organic additives to the medium containing TDZ enhanced the number of shoot regeneration. The plantlets were acclimatized in plastic pots containing sterilized vermiculite. The survival rate was 100 % when maintained in the culture room condition (25 ± 2 °C). Screening of the antibacterial, antioxidant activity and estimation of total phenolics and flavonoid content of methanolic extracts of micropropagated plants were also carried out and compared with that of the wild-grown plants. In all the tests, methanolic extract from wild-grown plants showed higher antioxidant, antimicrobial activity, total phenolics and flavonoid content than in vitro propagated plants. پرونده مقاله

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65 - Effects of Nodal Position and Growth Regulators on In Vitro Growth of Dog Rose (Rosa canina)
M. Shirdel A. Motallebi-Azar M. Matloobi F. Zaare-Nahandi

Dog rose (Rosa canina) has been using as a rootstock for ornamental roses also it is one of the medicinal plants. It can be propagated under in vitro conditions. After removing chilling requirement of buds, axillary wood buds of dog rose were cut in three nodal position چکیده کامل

Dog rose (Rosa canina) has been using as a rootstock for ornamental roses also it is one of the medicinal plants. It can be propagated under in vitro conditions. After removing chilling requirement of buds, axillary wood buds of dog rose were cut in three nodal positions (lower, middle and terminal) on the stem and then explants after decontamination, cultured on Murashige and Skoog medium (MS medium) supplemented with 1 mg l-1 GA3 and 1 mg l-1 BAP. For shoot proliferation, MS medium supplemented with 1 mg l-1 GA3 and different concentration of PGRs. The results showed that maximum bud break percentage and highest shoot length were observed in lower nodal position. Minimum bud break percentage and shoot length were observed in middle nodal position. In the media with different concentrations of PGRs the highest shoot length was observed in combinations of BAP 1 mg l-1 and Ads 2 mg l-1. The large number of node and maximum axillary shoot percentage were observed in BAP 6 mg-1. The growth of dog rose was affected by different explants nodal position and growth regulators on in vitro. Assessment of BAP and Ads on axillary shoot percentage and node number was more effective than kinetin + TDZ and BAP + TDZ combination. In media with low concentration of BAP, TDZ and NAA and so kinetin, TDZ and NAA did not produce any axillary shoots or elongated shoots. پرونده مقاله

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66 - Some Useful Information about Micropropagation
Behzad Kaviani

This review article investigates a comprehensive description of the factors, methods, strategies, approaches and prerequisites influencing in vitro micropaopagation and the amount of their use across the world. The findings presented here are the results of the study of چکیده کامل

This review article investigates a comprehensive description of the factors, methods, strategies, approaches and prerequisites influencing in vitro micropaopagation and the amount of their use across the world. The findings presented here are the results of the study of several hundred papers published all over the world. Tissue culture techniques are routinely used for micropropagation. Enhancement of efficiency and efficacy of plant regeneration are primary goals of micropropagation. In this article, maximum and minimum use of some basic issues concerned with plant tissue culture in vitro especially micropropagation such as types of explants, types of culture media, types of sterilizing agent for explants, types of plant growth regulators (PGRs) for general studies of miro-propagation, shoot and root induction, somatic embryogenesis (SE) and callus induction have been considered. Maximal application for explants, culture media and sterilizing agent are single node, Murashige and Skoog (MS) and sodium hypochlorite (NAClO), respectively. BA and NAA are the most application among cytokinins (CKs) and auxins for general studies of miroprop-agation. Among all PGRs used for general studies of miropropagation, NAA is on the top. BA and IBA are the most use among CKs and auxins for shooting and rooting of explants, respectively. 2,4-D, NAA and TDZ are used more than the other PGRs for induction of SE. Among all types of auxins and CKs used as singular or in combination with them for callus induction, 2,4-D is at the top level. Combination of BA and NAA is the maximum for general studies of miropropagation. This review article can help to the future studies on micro-propagation due to the correct selection of the treatments پرونده مقاله

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67 - Somatic Embryogenesis and Plant Regeneration from Embryonic Axes and Cotyledons Explants of Tea (Camellia sinenesis L.)
B. Kaviani

In the present study, 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2, 4-D) was assessed individually for its effectiveness to induce somatic embryogenesis in tea (Camellia sinenesis L.). Embryonic axes and cotyledons explants were dissected from the seeds. Explants were cultured on چکیده کامل

In the present study, 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2, 4-D) was assessed individually for its effectiveness to induce somatic embryogenesis in tea (Camellia sinenesis L.). Embryonic axes and cotyledons explants were dissected from the seeds. Explants were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 0, 1 and 5 mM 2, 4-D alone for embryonic axes and 0, 1 and 5 mM 2, 4-D along with 0 and 0.5 mM IBA for cotyledons. Embryos were observed in embryonic axes explants cultured on MS medium containing 1mM 2, 4-D. No somatic embryos were seen on cotyledons explants. پرونده مقاله

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68 - Effect of BAP and NAA on Micropropagation of Caladium bicolor (Aiton) Vent., an Ornamental Plant
Shima Seydi Naser Negahdar Raziye Taghizadeh Andevari Mohammad Hossein Ansari Behzad Kaviani

Leaf explants of kaladium dwubarwneCaladium bicolor(Aiton) Vent., were cultured in vitro on MS media supplemented with 25 different concentrations of BAP and NAA in order to determine the appropriate concentrations for micropropagation. All combinations induced callus f چکیده کامل

Leaf explants of kaladium dwubarwneCaladium bicolor(Aiton) Vent., were cultured in vitro on MS media supplemented with 25 different concentrations of BAP and NAA in order to determine the appropriate concentrations for micropropagation. All combinations induced callus formation on explants. Callus production on leaves explants grown on control medium was very low. The medium enriched with 4 mg l-1 BAP + 0.5 mg l-1 NAA was the most effective for callus formation. The highest number of shoots (6.43 per explant) and roots (5.56 per explant) were regenerated on media containing 1 mg l-1 BAP + 0.5 mg l-1 NAA and 3 mg l-1 BAP + 0.5 mg l-1 NAA, respectively. The regenerated plantlets were grown in a greenhouse and acclimatized successfully. پرونده مقاله

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69 - The Effect of Different Concentrations of Plant Growt Regulators on Micropropagation of Kalanchoe blossfeldiana cv. White
Behzad Kaviani Davood Hashemabadi Mohaddeseh Kordi

Shoot tips from actively growing, greenhouse maintained plants of Kalanchoe blossfeldiana were cultured in vitro for shoot proliferation and root initiation on Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium supplemented with NAA and BA, both in concentrations of 0.00, 0.50, 1.00 چکیده کامل

Shoot tips from actively growing, greenhouse maintained plants of Kalanchoe blossfeldiana were cultured in vitro for shoot proliferation and root initiation on Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium supplemented with NAA and BA, both in concentrations of 0.00, 0.50, 1.00 and 2.00 mg l-1. Results showed that the maximum plantlets height (7.012 cm), node number (4.516), root number (8.860) and root length (10.160 cm) were obtained in MS medium containing 1 mg l-1 BA + 1 mg l-1 NAA. Maximum shoot number (5.886), leaf number (8.980) and proliferation index (1.791) were calculated in medium supplemented with 1 mg l-1 BA + 0.5 mg l-1 NAA. Minimum plantlets height (1.988 cm), node number (1.283), root number (2.720), root length (3.016 cm), shoot number (1.221), leaf number (2.015) and proliferation index (0.405) were obtained in medium without BA and NAA (control). Fresh and dry weights of plantlets were calculated, too. About 85% of the micropropagated plantlets were established successfully in acclimatization medium containing peat, perlite and sand (1:1:1). Regenerated plantlets were morphologically identical with mother plants. پرونده مقاله

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70 - ریز ازدیادی رز (Rosa hybrid. cv. Maurossia) و مقایسه تشریحی اندام‌های رویشی در گیاهان باززایی شده و زراعی
پریسا جنوبی

چکیده. گل رز (Rosa hybrid L.) از مهم‌ترین گیاهان زینتی و اقتصادی است که یکی از روش‌های نوین در تولید انبوه این گیاه کشت بافت است. در این تحقیق بعد از بهینه مراحل ضدعفونی سطحی ریزنمونه‌ها با هیپوکلریت سدیم، از محیط کشت MS به‌همراه غلظت‌های مختلف BA جهت استقرار ریزنمونه ه چکیده کامل

چکیده. گل رز (Rosa hybrid L.) از مهم‌ترین گیاهان زینتی و اقتصادی است که یکی از روش‌های نوین در تولید انبوه این گیاه کشت بافت است. در این تحقیق بعد از بهینه مراحل ضدعفونی سطحی ریزنمونه‌ها با هیپوکلریت سدیم، از محیط کشت MS به‌همراه غلظت‌های مختلف BA جهت استقرار ریزنمونه های استفاده شد. این طرح در سه تکرار و هر تکرار شامل 5 ریزنمونه به‌صورت طرح کاملاً تصادفی اجرا گردید. بیشترین درصد استقرار در غلظت mg l-1BA 0.2 مشاهده شد. سپس گیاهچه ها به‌منظور پرآوری به محیط کشت MS دارای غلظت‌های مختلف هورمون‌های BA، NAA و IAA انتقال یافتند. نتایج نشان داد بهینه میانگین شاخه در غلظت BA mg l-1 2 و IAA mg l-1 0.5به‌دست آمد. در بررسی اندام‌زایی غیرمستقیم، ریزنمونه های برگ به همراه دمبرگ به محیط کشت MS به‌همراه هورمون‌های BA و NAA با غلظت‌های مختلف به‌کاربرده شدند. بهینه درصد اندام‌زایی در غلظت 2 mg l-1BA و NAA mg l-1 1 مشاهده شد. همچنین گیاهچه‌ها به محیط ریشه‌زایی MS و MS/2 با هورمون‌های IBA و فلوروگلوسینول انتقال داده شدند. بهینه ریشه‌زایی در گیاهچه‌های انتقال یافته به محیط MS/2 و با غلظت هورمونی 1 mg l-1BA و 0.2 mg l-1Phl مشاهده شد. همچنین با توجه به اهمیت ریخت‌شناسی خانواده Rosaceae مطالعات تشریحی- تکوینی اندام‌های رویشی در 2 نمونه باغی و درون شیشه مقایسه و نتایج نشان داد که ساختارهای کلی در هر دو نمونه شباهت بسیاری دارند. پرونده مقاله

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71 - Comparing Chemical Composition and Digestibility of Pedicels and Palm Leaves as a Source for Livestock Feeding by in vitro and in situ Techniques
Souhil Boufennara Lyas Bouazza Samir Medjekal Khaled Rahal Evan Mateos Marie Jos&eacute; Manilla Secundino Lopez

The aim of this study was to determine the chemical composition and in vitro digestibility, and to estimate the in vitro fermentation parameters of palm leaves and pedicels from Ghars palm variety. A rumen in situ technique was also used to examine In vitro Digestible D چکیده کامل

The aim of this study was to determine the chemical composition and in vitro digestibility, and to estimate the in vitro fermentation parameters of palm leaves and pedicels from Ghars palm variety. A rumen in situ technique was also used to examine In vitro Digestible Dry Matter (IDDM), In vitro Digestible Crude Protein (IDCP), and In vitro Digestible Neutral Fiber (IDNF), and rate and extent of gas production. Vetch-oat hay was taken as a reference feed material. The samples were collected in Tolga district (southeast Algeria). The Crude Protein (CP) content of the plant species was low for pedicels and palm leaves (33 and 60 g kg−1 DM, respectively). The highest content of total extractable phenols, tannins and condensed tannins was observed in palm leaves whereas pedicels showed lower concentrations. In vitro digestibility and in situ DM disappearance were slightly different for the examined forages. Analogue trends were observed for the in vitro fermentation kinetics estimated from the gas production curves. Pedicels showed the highest DM effective degradability (ED; assuming a passage rate of 0.03 h-1) whereas palm leaves seemed to be a poorly degradable material with an ED coefficient of 0.39 and 0.14 g g-1DM, respectively. Despite the moderate CP and high fiber content along with in vitro digestibility and in situ DM disappearance found in pedicels, in comparison with vetch oat hay degradation, it indicated that this plant could have a greater nutritional value. Dry matter disappearance after 144 h of incubation was negatively correlated with phenolic compounds and total extractable tannins, suggesting that the in vitro techniques can be appropriate for detecting the presence of anti-nutritional substances in shrubs. پرونده مقاله

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72 - Chemical Composition, In Situ Degradation, And Fermentation Kinetics Of Some Browse Plant Species Collected From Algerian Arid And Semi-Arid Areas
Samir Medjekal Mouloud Ghadbane Souhil Boufennara Laid Bebderradji Raul Bodas Hacene Bousseboua Secundino Lopez

The chemical composition and digestibility of twelve plant samples (Arthrocnemum macrostachyum, Atriplex canescens, Artemesia herba-alba, Astragalus gombo, Calobota saharae Ceratonia siliqua, Gleditsia triacanthos, Hedysarum coronarium, Medicago sativa, Ononis natrix L, چکیده کامل

The chemical composition and digestibility of twelve plant samples (Arthrocnemum macrostachyum, Atriplex canescens, Artemesia herba-alba, Astragalus gombo, Calobota saharae Ceratonia siliqua, Gleditsia triacanthos, Hedysarum coronarium, Medicago sativa, Ononis natrix L, Hordeum vulgare and Stipa tenacissima L.) grown in arid and semi-arid areas of Algeria were evaluated (in 2010). Feed components were determined by proximate analysis whereas phenolic and tannin compounds were analyzed by colorimetric procedures. Digestibility was assessed by conventional gravimetric in vitro and in situ methods. In general, crude protein content in dicotyledon (dicots) species was always greater than that in monocotyledon (monocots) grass showing higher Neutral and Acid Detergent Fiber (NDF and ADF) and lower lignin contents than dicots. The tannin concentration varied considerably between species, but in general, the plants investigated in this study had low tannin contents (except for Ceratonia siliqua, Gleditsia triacanthos and Hedysarum coronarium). Monocots showed lower in vitro and in situ, fermentation rate and cumulative gas production than dicots species. This study indicated that a large reserve of plant species in the local flora is available that could be potentially used for livestock feeding. These feeds, if fully exploited, could assist in increasing the level of production and productivity of the livestock resources in the region. پرونده مقاله

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73 - Chemical Composition and in vitro Nutrient Digestibility of Sulla aculeolata subsp. aculeolata and Sulla aculeolata subsp. mauritanica from Semi-arid Rangelands of the Mediterranean Area
Anass Elyemlahi Abdelhay Arakrak Amin Laglaoul Mohammed Ayadi Mohammed Bakkali

This study focuses on the evaluation of the chemical composition and in vitro nutrient digestibility of two forage legumes namely, Sulla aculeolatasubsp. aculeolataand Sulla aculeolata subsp. mauritanica. from the semi-arid rangelands of the Mediterranean area. For the چکیده کامل

This study focuses on the evaluation of the chemical composition and in vitro nutrient digestibility of two forage legumes namely, Sulla aculeolatasubsp. aculeolataand Sulla aculeolata subsp. mauritanica. from the semi-arid rangelands of the Mediterranean area. For the first time, a study has been conducted to determine the nutritive value of these two pasture forages. Plants were harvested at the flowering stage from two distinct regions of Morocco, namely Beni Chiker and Saïdia. Samples were wilted in the field, oven-dried, and assayed for chemical composition, in vitro organic matter and crude protein digestibility (IVOMD and IVCPD). The results showed that both subspecies were a good source of crude protein up to 13 %DM at the early flowering stage and registered significant differences regarding their fiber contents, where S. aculeolatasubsp. aculeolataappear very fibrous (ADF 39.09 %DM and ADL 15.66 %DM) resulting in a decrease of IVOMD (49.04 %OM) and IVCPD (45.54 %DM) as compared to S. aculeolata subsp. mauritanica., which recorded lower values of ADF (24.30 %DM) and ADL (8.62 %DM) and the higher values of IVOMD (74.76 %OM) and IVCPD (56.23 %DM). The use of Sulla aculeolataspp., particularly Sulla aculeolata subsp. mauritanica as a forage cropis suitable to enhance pasture productivity and to ensure animal nutrition of small ruminants in Mediterranean pastures. پرونده مقاله

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74 - Chemical Composition and In Vitro Digestibility of Some Range Species in Rangelands of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province, Iran
Gholamreza Shadnoush

Five common range forage including Agropyron intermedium, Bromustomentellus, Hordeum bulbosum, Cousinia bakhtiarica and Scariolla orientalis, weresampled during three phenological stages, from controlled rangeland stations over fivelocations in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari چکیده کامل

Five common range forage including Agropyron intermedium, Bromustomentellus, Hordeum bulbosum, Cousinia bakhtiarica and Scariolla orientalis, weresampled during three phenological stages, from controlled rangeland stations over fivelocations in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province, Iran. All samples were chemicallyanalyzed for Crude Protein (CP%), in vitro Dry Matter Digestibility (DMD), OrganicMater Digestibility (OMD), Ether Extract (EE), Crude Fiber (CF), total Ash, NeutralDetergent Fiber (NDF) and Acid Dtergent Fiber (ADF). Results for Crude Protein (CP%)showed significant differences between phenological stages in all of species. Maximum CP(15.2%) was found in vegetation stage of Hordeum bulbosum and the minimum (2.9%)was in seed ripening stage. The CF% was significantly different between phenologicalstages as well as the species. The minimum and maximum values of CF% were found inAgropyron intermedium in Coosinia bakhtiarica, respectively. Similarly, the minimumvalues of NDF and ADF were found in vegetative stage of Scariolla orientalis andAgropyron intermedium respectively, but the maximum values were obtained in seedripening stage of Hordeum bulbosum and Cousinia bakhtiarica. The DMD and OMD%showed slightly reduction passing from vegetation to seed ripening stage in most of thespecies. The highest DMD and OMD% had been observed in vegetation stage of Scariollaorientalis and the lowest were in Bromus tomentellus. It can be concluded that in the earlystage of growth, the quality of forage in range species is adequate for livestockproduction but during that stage, the greatest problem is its lower quantity. By progress ofthe vegetation stage toward the seed ripening stage, the nutritive value of all speciesdecreased thus grazing animals oppose to nutrient deficiencies. پرونده مقاله

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75 - تاثیر نانونقره بر شاخص‌های رشد رویشی و فیزیولوژیکی گیاهچه‌های کلزا (Brassica napus L.) در شرایط کشت درون شیشه
رویا رضوی زاده زهرا طباطبایی پزوه فاطمه رستمی

اتیلن در طول کشت بافت گیاهی در شرایط داخل شیشه تولید شده و تجمع پیدا می‌کند. این امر باعث تاثیر منفی بر رشد گیاهان می‌شود. یون‌ نقره به عنوان یک بازدارنده فعالیت اتیلن در شرایط درون شیشه شناخته شده است. در این مطالعه اثر نانو ذرات نقره (غلظت‌های 0، 5/0، 1، 5/1 و 2 میلی‌ چکیده کامل

اتیلن در طول کشت بافت گیاهی در شرایط داخل شیشه تولید شده و تجمع پیدا می‌کند. این امر باعث تاثیر منفی بر رشد گیاهان می‌شود. یون‌ نقره به عنوان یک بازدارنده فعالیت اتیلن در شرایط درون شیشه شناخته شده است. در این مطالعه اثر نانو ذرات نقره (غلظت‌های 0، 5/0، 1، 5/1 و 2 میلی‌گرم در لیتر) در محیط کشت درون شیشه بر گیاه کلزا بررسی شد. پس از 28 روز، اثر تیمار نانو ذرات نقره بر روی رشد، میزان رنگیزه‌های گیاهی و پرولین در ریشه و اندام هوایی مطالعه شد. درصد جوانه‌زنی بذور در غلظت 2 میلی‌گرم در لیتر نانو نقره در مقایسه با شاهد به میزان 40 درصد کاهش یافت. نانو نقره اثر معنی‌داری بر طول ریشه نداشت در حالیکه ارتفاع اندام هوایی را در همه غلظت‌ها در مقایسه با شاهد کاهش داد. افزایش وزن اندام هوایی، وزن ریشه و میزان کاروتنوئید در تیمار 5/1 میلی‌گرم در لیتر نانونقره به ترتیب برابر با 47، 73 و 76 درصد مشاهده شد. تیمار گیاهان با نانو نقره رنگیزه آنتوسیانین و برخی عناصر موجود در اندام هوایی را در تیمارهای 1 و 5/1 میلی‌گرم در لیتر به طور چشمگیری کاهش داد. محتوای پرولین اندام هوایی در کلیه تیمارهای نانو نقره کاهش یافت در صورتی که در ریشه تفاوت معنی‌داری نشان داده نشد. به نظر می‌رسد در این مطالعه، نانو نقره در غلظت 5/1 میلی‌گرم در لیتر به دلیل اثرات مثبت آن بر کاهش تنش اکسیداتیو و افزایش وزن اندام هوایی گیاهچه، بهترین تیمار به عنوان مهارکننده اتیلنی برای گیاه کلزا باشد. پرونده مقاله

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76 - Stomatal Morphology and Desiccation Response of Persian Walnut Tissue Culture Plantlets Influenced by the Gelling Agent of In Vitro Culture Medium
Zeinab Asayesh Sasan Aliniaeifard Kourosh Vahdati

10.22034/jon.2021.1922749.1105

There are diverse types of gelling agents that are used in media cultures. Agar and Gelrite are among the gelling agents used in DKW culture medium, as the common culture medium for the micropropagation of walnut plants. The effects of these gelling agents have not been چکیده کامل

There are diverse types of gelling agents that are used in media cultures. Agar and Gelrite are among the gelling agents used in DKW culture medium, as the common culture medium for the micropropagation of walnut plants. The effects of these gelling agents have not been investigated on the successful production ofin vitroexplants and the response of the explants to ex vitro evaporative demand is overlooked so far. Stomata and water relations of tissue culture medium determine the successful production ofin vitroplants, therefore this experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of two types of gelling agents (Agar and Gelrite) on the stomatal characteristics, transpiration rate (E), and desiccation responses ofin vitrowalnut explants. Stomatal morphology, transpiration rate, RWC, and some morpho-physiological traits such as shoot length, chlorophyll content, osmotic potential (ψs), proline, and glycine betaine content were evaluated in micropropagated walnut explants cultured on Agar or Gelrite. Analysis of results indicated no considerable changes in the morpho-physiological characteristics of explants grown in DKW medium containing Agar or Gelrite gelling agents. Compared with the medium containing Agar, adding Gelrite to the DKW medium caused a decrease in E and an increase in relative leaf water content (RWC) of the walnut explant's leaves during desiccation. Gelrite induced generation of more closed stomata leading to a reduction in E and increase in RWC during desiccation. This resulted in improvement of walnut plantlet's capacity to conserve their water content and as the consequence promoted ability to prevent ex vitro wilting. پرونده مقاله

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77 - Enhancing Growth and Morpho-physiological Traits of Tissue-cultured Explants of Persian Walnut through Manipulation of In vitro Lighting Spectra
Seyyed Arash Saeedi Kourosh Vahdati Sasan Aliniaeifard Saadat Sarikhani Shirin Dianati Maryam Davarzani Safieh Fakhari

10.22034/jon.2024.2004910.1259

There are numerous challenges associated with the large-scale production of walnut In vitro-plantlets. It is imperative to develop new environmental control systems for its In vitro propagation. Additionally, there is a lack of knowledge regarding the impacts of lightin چکیده کامل

There are numerous challenges associated with the large-scale production of walnut In vitro-plantlets. It is imperative to develop new environmental control systems for its In vitro propagation. Additionally, there is a lack of knowledge regarding the impacts of lighting systems on the morpho-physiological traits and biomass accumulation in walnut tissue-cultured explants. In this study, walnut nodal shoots were subjected to eight different light spectra, including white, blue, red, green, far-red, blue-red combination, red-far-red combination, and a fluorescent lamp serving as a control, over a period of 28 days. The results indicated that combined spectra treatments, such as blue-red and red-far-red, led to improved biomass accumulation (total fresh and dry weight) compared to other monochromatic light spectral treatments. Furthermore, Light-emitting diode (LED) treatments had a discernible impact on the morpho-physiological traits of walnut In vitro-explants. Specifically, white light spectra enhanced Specific leaf area (SLA), while the green light spectra increased leaf water content (LWC) when compared to other light treatments. Additionally, the application of far-red light elevated leaf mass area (LMA) and water content per unit leaf area (LWCA). The findings of this study demonstrate that the quality, morphological, and growth characteristics of In vitro explants of walnut can be enhanced by utilizing specific light spectra. پرونده مقاله

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78 - The Evaluation of the Effect of Multiwall Carbon Nano Tube (MWCNT) on In Vitro Proliferation and Shoot Tip Necrosis of Pistachio Rootstock UCB-1 (Pistacia integrima × P. atlantica)
Shahrzad Aghasi Kermani Hossein Hokmabadi Marzieh Ghanbari Jahromi

10.22034/jon.2017.530392

UCB-1 (Pistacia atlantica × P. integrima) is a commercial rootstock for pistachio in some pistachio plantations across the world. This rootstock is very new in Iran and recently, it has been used commercially in some plantations due to its high growth. Propagation چکیده کامل

UCB-1 (Pistacia atlantica × P. integrima) is a commercial rootstock for pistachio in some pistachio plantations across the world. This rootstock is very new in Iran and recently, it has been used commercially in some plantations due to its high growth. Propagation of this rootstock by tissue culture results in many limitations such as shoot tip necrosis (STN) and a low proliferation rate. Therefore, any process that leads to improve the proliferation rate and feature will be used in commercial propagation of this rootstock. Nanotubes are widely used in in vitro cultures. For this reason, we used different concentrations of carbon nanotubes (0, 50, 100, 150, 200 µg/l) and benzyladenine (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2 mg/l) to improve the proliferation rate and qualitative indices. The results showed that using carbon nanotubes concentration of 200 µg/l with 2mg/l of benzyladenine (BA) led to maximum proliferation (4 microshoots per explant), maximum shoot length (3.68 cm) and minimum STN (8%) and vitrification (this isn’t a word?) (0 %) percentage. پرونده مقاله

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79 - ارزیابی کیفیت و بیان ژنهای اختصاصی تروفواکتودرمی Cdx2و Eomesدر بلاستوسیستهای سوراخ شده به کمک ریزسوزن، پیش از انجماد شیشه ای
فروغ مهدوی نژاد مجتبی دشتی زاد سمانه فیاضی

انجماد رویان در مراحل مختلف تکوینی شامل زیگوت، مراحل اولیهی تسهیم و بلاستوسیست، یکی از بخشهای اصلی در اکثر برنامههای لقاح آزمایشگاهی است. به دلیل هماهنگی بهتر اندومتر و رویان و نیز نرخ لانهگزینی بالاتر بلاستوسیست، انجماد آن نسبت به سایر مراحل در ارجحیت قرار دارد. با چکیده کامل

انجماد رویان در مراحل مختلف تکوینی شامل زیگوت، مراحل اولیهی تسهیم و بلاستوسیست، یکی از بخشهای اصلی در اکثر برنامههای لقاح آزمایشگاهی است. به دلیل هماهنگی بهتر اندومتر و رویان و نیز نرخ لانهگزینی بالاتر بلاستوسیست، انجماد آن نسبت به سایر مراحل در ارجحیت قرار دارد. با این وجود حضور مایع درون حفرهی بلاستوسل و نیز تشکیل کریستال یخ، انجماد آن را با محدودیت روبرو ساخته است. لذا در این مطالعه، با خارج ساختن این مایع با کمک تکنیک سوراخ نمودن مصنوعی و بررسی کیفیت بلاستوسیست از لحاظ سلولی و مولکولی، علاوه بر بهبود انجماد بلاستوسیست، سعی در بررسی ارتباط بین این روش و تغییر بیان ژنهای ردهی سلولی تروفواکتودرم نمودیم. بدین منظور تعداد 421 بلاستوسیست برونتنی موش از نژاد NMRIپس از انجام IVF، و کشت به مدت5/4- 4 روز در محیط آزمایشگاه، بهدست آمدند و به طور تصادفی به سه گروه تقسیم شدند. گروه اول پس از قرارگیری در محیطهای انجماد، به وسیلهی کرایوتاپ درون ازت غوطهور و سپس ذوب شدند. گروه دوم پس از انجام تکنیک سوراخ نمودن مصنوعی، بلافاصله منجمد- ذوب گردیدند. سپس هر دو گروه از نظر زندهمانی، خروج از زونا و بیان ژنها با نتایج گروه سوم (کنترل) مقایسه شدند.در این مطالعه، میزان خروج از زونا با سوراخ کردن مصنوعی بلاستوسیست قبل از انجماد، بهصورت معنیداری افزایش یافت. این در حالی است که میزان زندهمانی در گروههای تحت تیمار، مشابه با گروه کنترل، بالا بود. انجماد شیشهای موجب افزایش در میزان بیان ژنهای Eomesو Cdx2شد. اما با کاهش مایع بلاستوسل قبل از انجماد، میزان بیان این ژنها نسبت به گروه انجماد شیشهای بهصورت معنیداری کاهش پیدا کرد و به گروه کنترل نزدیک شد (05/0p ). از آنجایی که هیچ نتیجهای مبنی بر تاثیر منفی استفاده از این تکنیک مشاهده نگردید و با توجه به افزایش میزان خروج از زونا، کاهش حجم مایع بلاستوسل قبل از انجماد شیشهای میتواند مفید واقع شود. پرونده مقاله

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80 - مقایسه کارآیی جمعیت میکروبی شکمبه و مدفوع گوسفند در برآورد ارزش غذایی دانه‌های ذرت و سورگوم با استفاده از روش تولید گاز آزمایشگاهی
ابوالفضل آقاجانزاده گلشنی ناصر ماهری سیس رامین سلامت دوست نوبر یحیی ابراهیم نژاد ابوالفضل قربانی

10.22034/ascij.2021.687835

هدف از این پژوهش بررسی کارآیی تخمیر میکروارگانیسم‌های مدفوع در مقایسه با میکروارگانیسم‌های شیرابه شکمبه برای برآورد ارزش غذایی دانه های ذرت و سورگوم در نشخوارکنندگان با روش تولید گاز آزمایشگاهی است. برای انجام آزمایش تولید گاز با استفاده از دو روش شیرابه شکمبه و سوسپانس چکیده کامل

هدف از این پژوهش بررسی کارآیی تخمیر میکروارگانیسم‌های مدفوع در مقایسه با میکروارگانیسم‌های شیرابه شکمبه برای برآورد ارزش غذایی دانه های ذرت و سورگوم در نشخوارکنندگان با روش تولید گاز آزمایشگاهی است. برای انجام آزمایش تولید گاز با استفاده از دو روش شیرابه شکمبه و سوسپانسیون مدفوع؛ لیکور شکمبه و سوسپانسیون مدفوع از سه رأس گوسفند فیستوله‌‌شده توده قزل اخذ شد. نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد که در مواد خوراکی مورد آزمایش، تفاوت معنی‌داری از نظر تولید گاز در زمان‌های مختلف انکوباسیون بین دو روش یاد شده وجود نداشت. از نظر حجم گاز حاصل از بخش قابل تخمیر (A) برای دانه ذرت بین روش‌های مورد آزمایش اختلاف معنی‌داری مشاهده نشد، اما مقدار این فراسنجه در دانه سورگوم با روش سوسپانسیون مدفوع به طور معنی‌داری بیشتر از روش شیرابه شکمبه بود (05/0p <). مقادیر انرژی قابل متابولیسم، انرژی خالص شیردهی، قابلیت هضم ماده آلی و اسیدهای چرب زنجیر کوتاه برآورد شده مواد خوراکی مورد آزمایش از روی مقدار تولید گاز با استفاده از شیرابه شکمبه و سوسپانسیون مدفوع تفاوت معنی‌داری با هم نداشتند. مقدار گاز تولیدی در روش شیرابه شکمبه از روی مقدار گاز تولیدی با روش سوسپانسیون مدفوع برای دانه سورگوم و دانه ذرت با استفاده از معادلات رگرسیونی حاصل از نتایج این تحقیق به ترتیب (6353/1-X 8929/0=Ysorghum و 4097/3- X 9657/0=Ycorn) قابل برآورد است. با توجه به نتایج پژوهش به نظر می‌رسد سوسپانسیون مدفوع، جایگزین مناسبی برای شیرابه شکمبه در روش تولید گاز آزمایشگاهی جهت ارزشیابی مواد خوراکی نشخوارکنندگان می‌باشد. پرونده مقاله

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81 - بررسی اثر آلکالوئید هارمین بر روی بلوغ آزمایشگاهی اووسیت گاو
زهرا همتی میترا حیدری نصرآبادی پروین خدارحمی

بلوغ اووسیت ها در شرایط آزمایشگاهی تکنیکی است که می تواند باعث کاهش هزینه ها و از بین بردن اثرات جانبی استفاده از گنادوتروپین ها برای لقاح آزمایشگاهی شود. تحقیق و پژوهش در زمینه توسعه و بهبود شرایط کشت آزمایشگاهی برای بلوغ اووسیت انسانی بسیار سخت است. امروزه استفاده از چکیده کامل

بلوغ اووسیت ها در شرایط آزمایشگاهی تکنیکی است که می تواند باعث کاهش هزینه ها و از بین بردن اثرات جانبی استفاده از گنادوتروپین ها برای لقاح آزمایشگاهی شود. تحقیق و پژوهش در زمینه توسعه و بهبود شرایط کشت آزمایشگاهی برای بلوغ اووسیت انسانی بسیار سخت است. امروزه استفاده از مدل حیوانات اهلی پیشرفته ترین و عالی ترین سیستم را برای مطالعه در زمینه بلوغ فولیکول های نارس در آزمایشگاه فراهم کرده است. با توجه به ماده موثره و دیگرترکیبات موجود در آلکالوئید هارمین که دارای اثرات فارماکولوژیک متعدد از جمله ضد رادیکال آزاد، ضدالتهاب و اثر بر سیستم ایمنی و غیره می باشد، بنابراین در این مطالعه اثرات آلکالوئید هارمین بر میزان بلوغ تخمک های گاوی مورد بررسی قرار می‌گیرد. در این مطالعه تخمک های آسپیره شده حداقل دارای سه لایه کومولوس از فولیکول های 8-2 میلی متری تخمدان های گاوی اخذ از شده از کشتارگاه پس از سه مرتبه شستشو در محیط شستشو به محیط های بلوغ با غلظت های 5/0 و 1 و 5/2 و 5 میکروگرم در میلی لیتر از آلکالوئید هارمین در دمای 5/38 درجه سانتی گراد با 5 درصد دی اکسید کربن به مدت 24-22 ساعت انکوبه شدند. پس از گذشت زمان انکوباسیون کومولوس های اطراف تخمک ها برداشته شد و بابت آزاد شدن جسمک قطبی (بلوغ) مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. نتایج با استفاده از نرم افزار SPSS برنامه ANOVA مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفت. نتایج این مطالعه نشان دهنده تاثیر مثبت آلکالوئید هارمین در غلظت 1 میکروگرم بر میلی لیتر بوده است (05/0p<) بدین صورت که میزان بلوغ گروه های تحت تیمار با غلظت های 5/0 و 1 و 5/2 و 5 میکروگرم در میلی لیتر به ترتیب 59، 85، 72، 65، 64، 34، 37 و 22 درصد می باشد که این در گروه کنترل 56 و 93 درصد بوده است. محیط بلوغ با اضافه کردن میزان 1 میکروگرم بر میلی لیتر از آلکالوئید هارمین موجب افزایش درصد بلوغ در اووسیت های گاوی می شود که می توان از آن به عنوان مکمل در محیط های بلوغ اووسیت استفاده کرد. پرونده مقاله

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82 - مقایسه میزان حاملگی در زنان مبتلا به هیپوتیروئیدی تحت درمان با لووتیروکسین با زنان بدون اختلال عملکرد تیروئید در بیماران مراجعه کننده جهت IVF به مرکز ناباروری در سالهای 91 تا 92
محمود عرفانیان احمدپور حکمت خلیلی فر زینت وکیلی

مقدمه : IVF به معنای لقاح آزمایشگاهی یکی از مهمترین روش های کمک باروری جهت درمان ناباروری میباشد. ارتباط شناخته شده ای بین کم کاری تیروئید و کاهش میزان باروری وجود دارد. میزان حاملگی در IVF به تعداد تخمک های به دست آمده و تعداد جنین های موجود برای انتقال مربوط میشود.هدف چکیده کامل

مقدمه : IVF به معنای لقاح آزمایشگاهی یکی از مهمترین روش های کمک باروری جهت درمان ناباروری میباشد. ارتباط شناخته شده ای بین کم کاری تیروئید و کاهش میزان باروری وجود دارد. میزان حاملگی در IVF به تعداد تخمک های به دست آمده و تعداد جنین های موجود برای انتقال مربوط میشود.هدف از این مطالعه مقایسه میزان حاملگی،تعداد و کیفیت جنین و تخمک در خانم های هیپوتیرویید تحت درمان با لووتیوکسین با خانم های نرمال است. مواد و روش ها : براساس این هدف در یک مطالعه مورد-شاهدی پرونده 80 بیمار که در سالهای 91 تا 92 در مرکز ناباروری نوین تحت IVF قرار گرفته بودند بررسی شد .اطلاعات بیماران شامل سن مادر، تعداد و کیفیت تخمک و جنین، سطح TSH و نتیجه سیکل که به صورت HCG مثبت با سونوگرافی بعد از آن تایید می شد،استخراج گردید.پس از آن اطلاعات بدست آمده مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفت. یافته ها: در مطالعه ما از بین 39 خانم هیپوتیرویید 3/51% نتیجه سیکل مثبت داشتند که منجر به بارداری شدواز بین 41خانم با تیرویید نرمال4/63% نتیجه سیکل مثبت داشتند. .در مطالعه ای که ما انجام دادیم بر طبق آنالیز آماری، اختلاف آماری معنی داری بین میزان حاملگی، میانگین تعداد و کیفیت تخمک و همچنین میانگین تعداد و کیفیت جنین در دو گروه هیپوتیروئید و نرمال مشاهده نشد. نتیجه گیری: نتایج IVF خانم های هیپوتیرویید در مقایسه با خانم ها با تیرویید نرمال اختلاف آماری معنی داری ندارد. پرونده مقاله

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83 - بررسی ارتباط بین سطح سرمی آنتی مولرین هورمون و نتایج سیکل فناوری های کمک باروری در بیماران نابارور مراجعه کننده به مرکز ناباروری در سالهای 91 تا 92
محمود عرفانیان احمدپور محبوب کرامتی جمال حکمت خلیلی فر

مقدمه : IVF به معنای لقاح آزمایشگاهی یکی از مهمترین روش های کمک باروری جهت درمان ناباروری میباشد. ارتباط شناخته شده ای بین آنتی مولرین هورمون و میزان باروری وجود دارد. میزان حاملگی در IVF به تعداد تخمک های به دست آمده و تعداد جنین های موجود برای انتقال مربوط میشود.هدف ا چکیده کامل

مقدمه : IVF به معنای لقاح آزمایشگاهی یکی از مهمترین روش های کمک باروری جهت درمان ناباروری میباشد. ارتباط شناخته شده ای بین آنتی مولرین هورمون و میزان باروری وجود دارد. میزان حاملگی در IVF به تعداد تخمک های به دست آمده و تعداد جنین های موجود برای انتقال مربوط میشود.هدف از این مطالعهتعیین ارتباط بین سطح سرمی آنتی مولرین هورمون و نتایج سیکل فناوری های کمک باروری در بیماران نابارور می باشد. مواد و روش ها : براساس این هدف در یک مطالعه مقطعی پرونده 71 بیمار که در سالهای 91 تا 92 در مرکز ناباروری نوین تحت IVF قرار گرفته بودند بررسی شد .اطلاعات بیماران شامل سن مادر، تعداد و کیفیت تخمک و جنین، سطح AMH و نتیجه سیکل که به صورت HCG مثبت با سونوگرافی بعد از آن تایید می شد،استخراج گردید.پس از آن اطلاعات بدست آمده مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفت. یافته ها: در مطالعه ما بیماران با توجه به سطح هورمون AMH به چهار گروه طبقه بندی شدند ( کمتر از3/0 یا گروه یک . 3/0 تا 7/0 یا گروه دو ، 7/0 تا 3 یا گروه سه و بیشتر از 3 یا گروه چهار) از بین 14 خانم گروه سه 46.7% نتیجه سیکل مثبت داشتند که منجر به بارداری شد .در مطالعه ای که ما انجام دادیم بر طبق آنالیز آماری، اختلاف آماری معنی داری بین میانگین تعداد و کیفیت تخمک و میانگین تعداد جنین و توزیع فراوانی بارداری با سطوح مختلف AMH مشاهده شد. نتیجه گیری: نتایج IVF میانگین تعداد و کیفیت تخمک و تعداد جنین و توزیع فراوانی بارداری در سطوح مختلف AMH تفاوت آماری معنادار دارد اما میانگین کیفیت جنین و میانگین سن در سطوح مختلف AMH تفاوت آماری معنادار ندارد. پرونده مقاله

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84 - The Developmental Competence of the Bovine Embryos Processed in IVC-Stroebech Medium vs. Mcr2aa Medium
M. Zandi A. Ghaedrahmati L. Stroebech

Fetal bovine serum (FBS) is preferred for its ability to provide a variety of molecules that can support the growth of embryos. However, the use of serum can lead to the development of large offspring syndrome, which is a significant problem. This study aimed to examine چکیده کامل

Fetal bovine serum (FBS) is preferred for its ability to provide a variety of molecules that can support the growth of embryos. However, the use of serum can lead to the development of large offspring syndrome, which is a significant problem. This study aimed to examine bovine embryo development derived from in vitro fertilized oocytes in two culture media: IVC-Stroebech medium, a chemically defined medium; and the modified medium of Charles Rosenkrans with amino acids (mCR2aa), an undefined medium containing serum. The process of in vitro maturation was carried out at 38.5 ˚C in IVC-Stroebech medium. The process of in vitro fertilization was carried out for 18 hours using Bracket and Oliphant's (BO) medium. As to the experiment, cumulus-free presumptive zygotes were randomly assigned to two different culture medium treatments. The first treatment was a two-step culture system using mCR2aa medium. The first step in-volved using mCR2aa medium without FBS for the first 48 hours of culture. After that, for the remaining days of culture, the second-step mCR2aa, which is composed of 10% FBS, replaced the medium. The em-bryos were incubated at 38.5 ˚C under 5% CO2 5% O2 and 90% N2 for 10 days. Statistical analysis re-vealed a significantly higher hatched blastocyst rate in the IVC-Stroebech medium in comparison with the mCR2aa medium. There was not any significant difference (P>0.05) in the formation rate of morulas and blastocysts between the IVC-Stroebech medium and the mCR2aa medium. Findings recommended the use of IVC-Stroebech medium for bovine in vitro embryo culture. پرونده مقاله

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85 - بررسی اپتیکی تفاوت‌های موجود درگیاهچه‌های درون شیشه‌ای با گیاهان سازگار شده سرخس بوستونی Nephrolepis exaltata Schott cv. Bostoniensis
مرضیه شفیعی حاجی&rlm; آباد رضا فتوحی قزوینی

گیاهچه‌های تولید شده در محیط درون شیشه‌ای به علت خصوصیات خاص مورفولوژیکی در هنگام انتقال به محیط خارج با تنش‌های محیطی روبرو می‌شوند. تعیین دقیق تفاوت‌های گیاهان درون‌شیشه‌ای با گیاهان سازگاریافته می‌تواند در سازگار کردن گیاهان با محیط خارج مفید باشد. اخیراً بررسی‌های ا چکیده کامل

گیاهچه‌های تولید شده در محیط درون شیشه‌ای به علت خصوصیات خاص مورفولوژیکی در هنگام انتقال به محیط خارج با تنش‌های محیطی روبرو می‌شوند. تعیین دقیق تفاوت‌های گیاهان درون‌شیشه‌ای با گیاهان سازگاریافته می‌تواند در سازگار کردن گیاهان با محیط خارج مفید باشد. اخیراً بررسی‌های اپتیکی به عنوان نوعی روش‌ سنجش غیرتخریبی و سریع در تعیین دقیق این تفاوت‌ها مورد استفاده قرار می گیرند. این تحقیق به منظور تعیین تفاوت‌های آناتومیکی و مورفولوژیکی گیاهچه‌های درون شیشه‌ای با گیاهچه‌های سازگار شده به روش اپتیکی صورت گرفته است. در این مطالعه از گیاهچه‌های کشت بافتی و سازگاریافته سرخس بوستونی که در محیط کشت دارای نصف غلظت نمک‌های MS، 20 گرم در لیتر ساکارز و 5/0 میلی‌گرم در لیتر تنظیم کننده رشد بنزیل آدنین BA ریشه‌دار شده بود، استفاده شد. در بررسی توپوگرافی سطح برگ‌ها از میکروسکوپ (Atomic force microscope) AFM با مد جریان ثابت استفاده شد. سپس تصاویر سه ‌بعدی برای هر یک از نمونه‌ها تهیه و پردازش کامپیوتری به وسیله نرم‌افزار AFM انجام گرفت. به منظور بررسی و اندازه‌گیری طیف انعکاس و طیف عبور از دستگاه اسپکتروفتومتر مدل Jasco 151 CR استفاده شد. عکس‌های سه‌بعدی نشان داد که سطح برگ‌ سرخس‌های کشت بافتی نسبت به برگ‌ سرخس‌ سازگار شده نزدیک به 6 تا 10 برابر صاف‌تر هستند. در مقایسه طیف انعکاس برگ‌های سرخس سازگار شده و سرخس کشت بافتی حداکثر تفاوت در دامنه طول موج‌های رنگ سبز ( nm 555-545) و نوار مرزی رنگ قرمز( nm 670-685 ) بود. پرونده مقاله

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