Comparing Rumen Fluid to Buffer Ratios to Estimate in vitro Degradability, Fermentation, and Methane Profiles of Seven Forages at Two Incubation Times
محورهای موضوعی : Camel
M.M.H. Khan
1
(Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, Bangladesh)
A.S. Chaudhry
2
(School of Natural and Environmental Science, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom)
کلید واژه: methane, Fermentation, <i>in vitro</i>, forages, inoculums,
چکیده مقاله :
Using different rumen fluid (RF) or RF to buffer (B) ratios (RFB) could be a limiting factor in evaluating numerous feeds for obtaining reproducible estimates of in vitro rumen degradability. Thus, two duplicated factorial experiments (exp) compared the effect of changing the RFB ratios on degradability, fermentation, and methane profiles of seven forages during in vitro incubations with 40 mL of buffered RF (inoculum, RI) for 48 and 96 hours. Exp 1 (7×2×2) involved 7 forages (F) and 2 RFB ratios (1:2 and 1:4), for two incubation times (T, 48 and 96 hours). The main effects of F and T were significant (P<0.05) but the effect of RFB ratio was not always significant (P>0.05) for the mean in vitro dry matter degradability (IVD) and organic matter degradability (IVOMD). The mean IVD and IVOMD of each forage and mean of all forages were significantly (P<0.05) higher after 96 h than 48 h of incubation. The F × RFB interaction was significant (P<0.05) for IVD and IVOMD depending on different RFB ratios. In exp 2 (7×2) involving the same 7 forages and 2 RFB ratios, total gas volume and methane were significantly (P<0.001) higher for the 1:2 than the 1:4 RFB ratio. Methane concentration was higher for the high fibrous than the low fibrous forages. Ammonia concentration, total gas volume, and methane production correlated positively with IVD. It appeared that the degradability, fermentation, and methane profiles of different forages were influenced by the RFB ratios, and in vitro incubation times. However, the changes in IVD and fermentation profiles were not proportionate to the change in RFB from 1:4 to 1:2. IVD for 1:2 and 1:4 ratios are very highly correlated at both 48 and 96 h. Thus, the use of diluted rumen fluid with a 1:4 RFB ratio is proposed suitable for subsequent studies to rank a wide range of feed ingredients for both degradability and methane measurements. However, in places where it is easy to collect RF can continue in vitro trial with a 1:2 RFB ratio.
Budiyono B., Widiasa I.N., Johari S. and Sunarso S. (2014). Increasing biogas production rate from cattle manure using rumen fluid as inoculums. Int. J. Sci. Eng. 6, 31-38.
Chaudhry A.S. (2008). Slaughtered cattle as a source of rumen fluid to evaluate supplements for in vitro degradation of grass nuts and barley straw. Open Vet. Sci. J. 2, 16-22.
Chaudhry A.S. and Khan M.M.H. (2012). Impacts of different spices on in vitro rumen dry matter disappearance, fermentation and methane of wheat or ryegrass hay based substrates. Livest. Sci. 146, 84-90.
Chowdhury M.R., Khan M.M.H., Mahfuz S.U. amd Baset M.A. (2018). Effects of dietary supplementation of spices on forage degradability, ruminal fermentation, in vivo digestibility, growth performance and nitrogen balance in Black Bengal goat. J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr. 102, 591-588.
Giger-Reverdin S., Morand-Fehr P. and Tran G. (2003). Literature survey of the influence of dietary fat composition on methane production in dairy cattle. Livest. Prod. Sci. 82, 73-79.
Hidayat K., Hillman K., Newbold C. and Stewart C. (1993). The contributions of bacteria and protozoa to ruminalforage fermentation in vitro, as determined by microbial gas production. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 42, 193-208.
Homem Junior A.C., Ezequiel J.M., Perez H.L., Almeida M.T., Paschoaloto J.R., Carvalho V.B., Cremasco L.F. and Costa M.B. (2015). In vitro fermentation of corn silage using rumen fluid buffered or not and different sample amounts. Ciênc. Rural. 45, 2229-2232.
Hristov A.N., Bannink A., Crompton L.A., Huhtanen P., Kreuzer M., McGee M., Nozière P., Reynolds C.K., Bayat A.R., Yáñez-Ruiz D.R. and Dijkstra J. (2019). Nitrogen in ruminant nutrition: A review of measurement techniques. J. Dairy Sci. 102, 5811-5852.
Khan M.M.H. and Chaudhry A.S. (2010). Chemical composition of selected forages and spices and the effect of these spices on in vitro rumen degradability of some forages. Asian-Australasian J. Anim. Sci. 23, 889-900.
Khan M.M.H. and Chaudhry A.S. (2011). A comparative study of low and high quality forages for chemical composition and in vitro degradability. J. Anim. Plant Sci. 21, 715-723.
Li D., Ni K., Pang H., Wang Y., Cai Y. and Jin Q. (2015). Identification and antimicrobial activity detection of lactic acid bacteria isolated from corn stover silage. Asian-Australasian J. Anim. Sci. 28, 620-628.
Mahfuz S.U., Chowdhury M.R., Khan M.M.H. and Baset M.A. (2014). Effect of triple super phosphate supplementation on degradability of rice straw and ammonia nitrogen concentration. Small Rumin. Res. 120, 15-19.
McDougall E.I. (1948). Studies on ruminant saliva: The composition and output of sheep's saliva. Biochem. J. 43, 99-109.
Navarro-Villa A., O’brien M., López S., Boland T.M. and O’kiely P. (2011). Modifications of a gas production technique for assessing in vitro rumen methane production from feedstuffs. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 166, 163-174.
Patra A.K. and Yu Z. (2013). Effects of gas composition in headspace and bicarbonate concentrations in media on gas and methane production, degradability, and rumen fermentation using in vitro gas production techniques. J. Dairy Sci. 96, 4592-4600.
Patra A.K., Kamra D.N. and Agarwal N. (2006). Effect of plant extracts on in vitro methanogenesis, enzyme activities and fermentation of feed in rumen liquor of buffalo. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 128, 276-291.
Pell A.N. and Schofield P. (1993). Computerised monitoring of gas production to measure forage digestion in vitro. J. Dairy Sci. 76, 1063-1073.
Puchala R., Min B.R., Goetsch A.L. and Sahlu T. (2005). The effect of a condensed tannin-containing forage on methane emission by goats. J. Anim. Sci. 83(1), 182-186.
Ren F., He R., Zhou X., Gu Q., Xia Z., Liang M. and Zou C. (2019). Dynamic changes in fermentation profiles and bacterial community composition during sugarcane top silage fermentation: A preliminary study. Bioresour. Technol. 285, 121315-121325.
Rymer C., Huntington J.A. and Givens D.I. (1999). Effects of inoculum preparation method and concentration, method of inoculation and pre-soaking the substrate on the gas production profile of high temperature dried grass. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 78, 199-213.
Suarez B.J., Van Reenen C.G., Stockhofe N., Dijkstra J. and Gerrits W.J.J. (2007). Effect of roughage source and roughage to concentrate ratio on animal performance and rumen development in veal calves. J. Dairy Sci. 90, 2390-2403.
Tilley J.M.A. and Terry R.A. (1963). A two-stage technique for the in vitro digestion of forage crops. J. Br. Grass. Soc. 18, 104-111.
Upstill-Goddard R.C., Rees A.P. and Owens N.J.P. (1996). Simultaneous high-precision measurements of methane and nitrous oxide in water and seawater by single-phase equilibration gas chromatography. Deep-Sea Res. 43, 1669-1682.
Yáñez-Ruiz D.R., Bannink A., Dijkstra J., Kebreab E., Morgavi D.P., O'Kiely P., Reynolds C.K., Schwarm A., Shingfield K., Yu Z. and Hristov A.N. (2016). Design, implementation and interpretation of in vitro batch culture experiments to assess enteric methane mitigation in ruminants-a review. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 216, 1-18.
