Crude Protein Fractions and in vitroGas Production of Alfalfa Silages Treated with Pistachio by-Products Extract
محورهای موضوعی : Camelا. مختارپور 1 , ع.ع. ناصریان 2 , ر. ولی‌زاده 3 , م. دانش مسگران 4 , ف. پورملایی 5
1 - Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
2 - Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
3 - Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
4 - Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
5 - Agricultural Jihad Organization of Khorasan Razavi, Mashhad, Iran
کلید واژه: crude protein fractionation, pistachio by-products, Polyethylene glycol, tannin bioassay, <, i>, in vitro<, /i>, gas production,
چکیده مقاله :
Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the crude protein fractionation, in vitro gas production and the biological effects of tannins in alfalfa silage treated with different levels of pistachio by-products (PB) extract. PB was soaked in water with a ratio of 1:5 (w/v) for 12 h. After filtering and concentrating, the crude extract was added to fresh alfalfa to a final concentration of 1%, 2% and 3% tannin dry matter (DM) and then ensiled for 60 days. Four treatments were as follows: alfalfa silage without addition of PB extract as a control (T0), PB tannin added at 1% (T1), 2% (T2) and 3% DM (T3). Treating alfalfa silage decreased the formation of non-protein nitrogen (NPN) compounds and increased crude protein fraction B2 during ensilage. Cumulative in vitro gas production after 96 h incubation, organic matter digestibility (OMD) and metabolizable energy (ME) decreased in T2 and T3 compared to the control. The gas production and short chain fatty acids (SCFA) of treated silages increased in the presence of polyethylene glycol (PEG) which indicates that the presence of phenolic compounds and tannins depressed the gas production. It can be concluded that treating alfalfa silage with PB extract can reduce the nitrogen losses during ensilage and degradability of organic matter (OM) by microbial inhibition.
به منظور بررسی بخشهای مختلف پروتئین خام و تولید گاز در شرایط آزمایشگاه در سیلاژهای یونجه عمل‌آوری شده با سطوح مختلف عصاره محصولات فرعی پسته و ارزیابی ارزش زیستی تاننهای آن، دو آزمایش انجام شد. محصولات فرعی پسته با نسبت 1:5 (وزن به حجم) به مدت 12 ساعت در آب خیسانده شدند. پس از صاف کردن و تغلیظ، عصاره خام به علوفه تازه یونجه اضافه شد تا به ترتیب سطوح 1، 2 و 3 درصد ماده خشک یونجه، تانن به دست آید و سپس به مدت 60 روز سیلو شدند. چهار تیمار به این ترتیب بود؛ سیلاژ یونجه بدون عمل‌آوری با عصاره محصولات فرعی پسته، به عنوان شاهد (T0)، اضافه کردن تانن محصولات فرعی پسته در سطح 1 درصد (T1)، 2 درصد (T2) و 3 درصد ماد خشک (T3). عمل‌آوری سیلاژ یونجه، میزان ترکیبات نیتروژنه غیر پروتئینی را کاهش و بخش B2 را در طی سیلو شدن، افزایش داد. تولید گاز تجمعی پس از 96 ساعت انکوباسیون، قابلیت هضم ماده آلی (OMD) و انرژی قابل متابولیسم (ME) در تیمار T2 و T3 در مقایسه با تیمار شاهد کاهش پیدا کرد. میزان تولید گاز و اسیدهای چرب کوتاه زنجیر (SCFA) در سیلاژهای عمل‌آوری شده در حضور پلی اتیلن گلیکول (PEG) افزایش یافت که نشان میدهد وجود ترکیبات فنولی و تاننها باعث کاهش تولید گاز شد. میتوان نتیجه گرفت که عمل‌آوری سیلاژ یونجه با عصاره محصولات فرعی پسته از طریق ممانعت میکروبی، میتواند منجر به کاهش هدرروی نیتروژن در طی سیلو شدن و کاهش تجزیه پذیری ماده آلی شود.
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