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Open Access Article
1 - Role of Urban Sustainable Development Revenues in Spatial-Physical Planning
Alireza Andalib Seyed Mohammad Ali Sabet Ghadam One of the important items in gaining to urban constant development is constant incomes. This matter has an effective and impressionable role in spatial-physical planning of the cities. On the other hand, in adoption of the policies of urban development, consider More One of the important items in gaining to urban constant development is constant incomes. This matter has an effective and impressionable role in spatial-physical planning of the cities. On the other hand, in adoption of the policies of urban development, considering to the private public benefits is so important. With consideration to necessity in being of urban planning and with the objective of introduction to mutual relationships among the effective indexes, this Article studies on the objective of the article in the frame of theories of local governments, urban spaces, social inequality, spatial separation-selecting and some discussions consisting of financial federalism and axes of operation on containing theory. Concerning to this matter, system for providing the financial resources of the city is fulfilled through establishment of constant incomes and consideration to the local-crucial observing on the base of partnership planning in appearance of directors, architectural and urban specialists, residents, citizens and investors, financial institutions and banks in the frame of local governments (urban united management). This subject is an important fact in direction of improvement of urban discordant development for sectional equilibrium on the base of the considered indexes of spatial-physical planning in the frame of plans of urban development. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Separation of Expropriation whitout Necessary to Divorce Sermon
Mohammad Jafari HarandiOne of the reasons for separation of couples is “expropriation”,which happens when the wife gives some property to the husbandbecause of dissatisfaction to get separated from him.The question is that, whether in such case it is a religious duty forhusband to MoreOne of the reasons for separation of couples is “expropriation”,which happens when the wife gives some property to the husbandbecause of dissatisfaction to get separated from him.The question is that, whether in such case it is a religious duty forhusband to comply with the condition of releasing his wife? Andwhether this separation should be done by court? And finally,whether the separation is automatically done after the parties agreedon the property should be exchanged or it is necessary to readdivorce sermon?Jurists didn’t pay much attention to the first question and about thesecond one, the popular opinion is that it is not necessary to go tothe court. And in antecedent jurists’ opinion about the thirdquestion, it is not necessary to read divorce sermon and most recentjurists believe it is necessary. Here the assumption of the need to goto court and no need to read divorce sermon is proved. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - The effect of corporate governance bylaw of Tehran Stock Exchange on earnings management
زهرا پورزمانی محمدرضا اولی جواد عبدالهیانAbstractIn late 1386, Tehran Stock Exchange adopted new regulations regard to corporategovernance called corporate governance bylaws. Subject of this study is to review the effectof implementation of these regulations on earnings management on listed companies ofTehran MoreAbstractIn late 1386, Tehran Stock Exchange adopted new regulations regard to corporategovernance called corporate governance bylaws. Subject of this study is to review the effectof implementation of these regulations on earnings management on listed companies ofTehran Stock Exchange. To do this, required information of 133 listed companies, by usingcross-sectional analysis, for fiscal years 1385 and 1388 was collected. The relationshipbetween earnings management and corporate governance mechanisms stated in the bylawswere analyzed by using multivariate regression model. The results show that following theadoption of corporate governance regulations, board independence has improved, sinceimproving the level of board independency is associated with lower levels of earningsmanagement. This study also provides evidence that the separation between the role of CEO,and Chairman, as well as stock ownership of inside directors have no significant relationshipwith earnings management. According to the survey results to increase the effectivenessof the regulations as a regulatory tool in the capital market, it is proposed that the Regulationsof the company become a law in Iran to benefit from stronger performance guarantees. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Determination of Trace Amount of Zn2+ Ion in soil, blood and vegetable and water samples by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry After Cloud Point Extraction Using Selective Synthesis Ligand2-(3- indolyl) – 4,5 di phynyl imidazole.
gholamhossein vatankhah hboube ebrahimi darush jafari -
Open Access Article
5 - Investigating the Performance of Membrane PEEK/PVA Modified with ZnO Nanoparticles in the Permeability and Selectivity of CO2/N2
Arezoo Ghadi Ahmad Bahreini Mojtaba Masoumi -
Open Access Article
6 - The study of wood agriculture development process in the east part of Guilan Province
Parisa Mohammadpour Parviz Kardavani Mahdi EbadattalabWood agriculture is always one of the important issue in the economy of villages inthe north part of Iran, Because of rural of this area can use the land multilateral bywood agriculture. Although in many cases, Wood agriculture is done traditionally andalmost is stable MoreWood agriculture is always one of the important issue in the economy of villages inthe north part of Iran, Because of rural of this area can use the land multilateral bywood agriculture. Although in many cases, Wood agriculture is done traditionally andalmost is stable on the base of trial and error among farmers. In this research it's triedto study performed activities during last decade. This causes to analyze thedevelopment process of poplar farming with considering to structural problems.Therefore, Guilan Province's map is studied according to the aim of research, and withnoticing to political map, Roudsar, Amlash, Siyahkal, Langroud, Lahijan and AstanehAshrafiyeh are selected as studying zones So. Satellite pictures of land sat TM and IRSrelated to 2000 and 2010 are selected and NDVI index is applied on picture by NIRand R bands. In the next step, first the forest areas are separated from picture andpoplar farming boundary in 2000 and 2010 is determined with considering to poplarreflection in supervised spectrum separation, and then pictures are transferred to GISspace, they are categorized again, poplar farming areas are separated from other areasin the form of 0 and 1 codes. Poplar farming lands have 1 value and other areas have 0value after this correlation of distances of poplar farming from roads was tested inSPSS. The results show, although there was increasing poplar farming in east ofGuilan Province during last decode, but with considering to social and economicsituation, roads map and villages dispersion. Increasing wood production isimpossible. In other words wood farming that should perform in rural areas isdecreasing. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - The role of spatial phenomenon in emerging and extending Urban Models (the case around lahijan pool)
Alireza Keshvardoust Mohammad Ali Rahimipour SheikhaninezhadLahijan's pool, in its east side, is located near Sheytankouh that grounds around itis under this research.Pool phenomenon with the assist of around topography andground steep and by utilizing city historical and cultural caused in physicaldeveloping, then it extended i MoreLahijan's pool, in its east side, is located near Sheytankouh that grounds around itis under this research.Pool phenomenon with the assist of around topography andground steep and by utilizing city historical and cultural caused in physicaldeveloping, then it extended its effective ray on the around environment. Thisinfluence in addition to the form of environment, is glittered in social layers; after thatit created a unique space that we can illustrate: affecting on old city model (inharmonictransforming checker to ray), influencing on ground price, ecologic separation,accumulating the space of housing and traditional application, poverty of educationaland governmental therapeutic services, … .In this research, we try by utilizing GISsoftware and making questionnaires of citizens, show aforementioned subjects andassess the spatial improving approaches in Lahijan. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Efficiency Analysis Based on Separating Hyperplanes for Improving Discrimination among DMUs
M. Mohammadpour -
Open Access Article
9 - Butter Separation from Cream Using Ultrasonication: Optimization of Parameters Using RSM
B. Maheshwari R. Saravanathamizhan N. Balasubramanian -
Open Access Article
10 - Valuation of “pure” environmental damage in Compensation Case (Costa Rica v. Nicaragua), ICJ
Seyed Yaser Ziaee vahid kosari mahsa salman nouriGiven the importance of the natural environment for human life, any damage and destruction is unreasonable and unacceptable. Being the subject of disagreement among different jurists, the basis of responsibility for environmental damage has been fluctuated between human MoreGiven the importance of the natural environment for human life, any damage and destruction is unreasonable and unacceptable. Being the subject of disagreement among different jurists, the basis of responsibility for environmental damage has been fluctuated between human and the environment. Consequently, the discussion of environmental damages and the necessity to compensate for them has always focused on human beings and any assessment of environmental damage in judicial or arbitration courts has been based on human rights. The International Court of Justice, in its recent judgment in the dispute between Costa Rica v. Nicaragua, for the first time in its history, recognized the notion of "pure environmental damage" and proceeded to assess these damages. The present article, analyzing the judgment of the Court about the concept of “pure” environmental damage and the method of its valuation, through a descriptive-analytic method will conclude that the pecuniary valuation of all dimensions of environmental damage is not so consistent with the reality and the appropriate methods will be proposed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Improving efficiency of a gas cyclone in high-temperature operating conditions by using appropriate geometry of vortex finder
Akbar Jafarnezhad Hesamoddin SALARIAN Saeid Kheradmand Jahanfar KhaleghiniaBackground and Objective: Cyclones are widely used in air pollution control to separate particulate gas mixtures and are used in industry. The advantages of this device in different industries are its relative simplicity of construction, low operating cost and reliable MoreBackground and Objective: Cyclones are widely used in air pollution control to separate particulate gas mixtures and are used in industry. The advantages of this device in different industries are its relative simplicity of construction, low operating cost and reliable under extreme working conditions. Today, cyclone separators have become one of the most important particle removal devices in the fields of science and engineering. Due to the wide application of cyclones in industrial processes, especially thermal power plants, the study of the performance of cyclones at high temperatures is of particular importance. In the present study, two-phase flow simulation within a cyclone will be performed in three different dimensions using the Eulerian-Lagrangian approach in order to study the cyclone performance in a wide range of temperatures, and finally the problem of its lower performance will be substantially resolved by using appropriate geometry of vortex finder. Material and Methodology: In this study, the effect of inlet temperature on the flow field and the separation performance of a cyclone has been comprehensively investigated using CFD simulation. The Euler-Lagrangian approach has been used to simulate airflow and particle dynamics in cyclones. In addition, four proposed vortex finder geometries were considered and compared with the basic geometry in order to evaluate how the vortex finder affects the cyclone performance under a wide temperature range (293 K-700 K). The validity of the numerical model is confirmed by comparing the predicted pressure drop with the experimental data and numerical results in which there is a good agreement was achieved. Findings: The results demonstrated that increasing of inlet temperature significantly reduced the tangential velocity and led to a sharp decrease in the cyclone separation efficiency. All of the proposed vortex finders affected the flow pattern within the cyclone at all inlet temperatures. The simulation results showed that the highest tangential velocity observed in the cyclone was with CVF 1, which also had a positive effect on the relevant separation efficiency. Also, it is proved that the proposed cyclone with CVF 1 was able to collect finer particles (2 μm) at high inlet temperature (T = 700 K). Discussion and Conclusion: In the present study, while examining the performance of cyclone using the Eulerian-Lagrangian approach in three dimensions over a wide temperature range, a suitable solution to improve efficiency and solve the problem of efficiency drop at high temperatures was presented. By properly changing the dimensions and geometry of the vortex finder, the flow in the pre-separation zone can be well controlled to improve particle separation efficiency. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - The Impact of Policies on Domestic Waste Management (Case study: Region 8 of Tehran Municipality)
Sadegh Salehi Jila AhmadiBackground and Objective: Separation of waste from the source is one of the basic strategies in household waste management. To achieve this goal, different policies are adopted by planners and city managers, and the rate of achievement of goals can also vary depending o MoreBackground and Objective: Separation of waste from the source is one of the basic strategies in household waste management. To achieve this goal, different policies are adopted by planners and city managers, and the rate of achievement of goals can also vary depending on the type of policy. To investigate the impact of policies on household waste management in the form of facilities, opportunities and incentives, the present study was conducted in August 2015 in District 8 of Tehran Municipality.Material and Methodology: For this research, 400 samples of Tehran citizens were selected by quota-random sampling method. Data were collected using a questionnaire and face validity and Cronbach's alpha coefficient were used to assess the validity and reliability of the questions. Data analysis was performed using Spss software version 16 and descriptive and inferential statistics.Findings: The results of testing the research hypotheses showed that the variable of facilities and opportunities for waste segregation is correlated with the behavior of waste segregation. But the economic incentive variable has no significant relationship with waste segregation and this hypothesis was rejected. Further investigation revealed that the tools of economic incentives through factors such as promoting the issue of waste segregation using sources such as writers, radio and television news, etc., as well as citizens' awareness of municipal policies and executive programs in the field of waste management (law Waste management, dry waste collection methods, how to communicate with the municipality, etc.) can be effective on waste segregation.Discussion and Conclusion: The findings suggest the complexity of identifying and determining the factors affecting the behavior of waste segregation and in general the need to consider a set of social factors in predicting environmental behavior. Emphasis on incentive tools and components alone can not affect waste segregation behavior or lead to citizen participation and cooperation. Lack of proper information to citizens regarding municipal programs such as the implementation of the waste segregation plan or lack of awareness about the waste management law are among the factors that have challenged the successful implementation of this plan. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - Modeling of acid gases separation via ionic liquids and membrane and performance comparison between two different membrane
Behnam Beigi Nadia EsfandiariBackground and Objective: Natural gas produced from oil and gas wells often contains hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide, which are so-called “sour gasses”. Carbon dioxide (in large quantities) and hydrogen sulfide (even in small quantities) cause many probl MoreBackground and Objective: Natural gas produced from oil and gas wells often contains hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide, which are so-called “sour gasses”. Carbon dioxide (in large quantities) and hydrogen sulfide (even in small quantities) cause many problems during the transmission and consumption of natural gas. In this study, mathematical model for the separation of carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide from helium has been investigated with two different membrane species including a ceramic modulus and PEEK-L II and ionic liquids.Material and Methodology: The effect of material, diameter, pressure and temperature on separation efficiency has been investigated. The ionic liquid used in this study is [hemim] [BF4]. The ceramic and PEEK-L II was studied. The pressure and concentration during absorption is investigated. The concentration variations of carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide in ionic fluid were investigated in time.Findings: For a ceramic modulus, about 50 to 60% of the pressure drop occurs in the first 100 to 120 seconds. For the PEEK-L II modulus, in the first 30 seconds, about 50 to 60% of the pressure drop occurs due to gas absorption. The effect of temperature on the concentration of carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide at three temperatures of 25, 50 and 100 °C was investigated. As the temperature rises in the ceramic modulus, the amounts of carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide, passing through the membrane, increase.Discussion and Conclusion: As the time increases, the concentrations of carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide in the ionic fluid are increasing. With increasing temperature from 25 to 100 ° C, the amount of absorbed acidic gases into ionic liquid was increased. The PEEK-L II modules removed more acidic gases than the ceramic modules. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - Effect of Rose Wastes on Salinity and Heavy Metals Reduction in Compost and Soil
Anita Kharrati elnaz sabbagh tazehBackground and Objective: In recent years, salinity and pollution due to municipal solid waste compost, has caused many problems. The main purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of mixing rose greenhouse waste with urban waste on the quality of produced c MoreBackground and Objective: In recent years, salinity and pollution due to municipal solid waste compost, has caused many problems. The main purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of mixing rose greenhouse waste with urban waste on the quality of produced compost and the chemical and physical properties of the soil after using this fertilizer.Material and Methodology: An experiment in CRD design as factorial was conducted to investigate the effect of Rose greenhouse wastes on quality of compost with two factors consisted of 1) waste type with 2 rates: a) separated and b) unseparated waste) and 2) amendment ratio with 3 rates: a) 100% waste-0% amendment, b) 80% waste-20% amendment and c) 60% waste-40% amendment, with three replications. Then a field experiment based on CRD, with 7 treatment (consisted of soil mixed with six types of produced compost in previous stage and control) and 3 replications was conducted to investigate the effects of produced compost on some characteristics of soil.Findings: Results showed that the separation of wastes at the source, increased compost nitrogen by 2.75 times, cation exchange capacity by 4.14 times, phosphorus by 2.14 times, water holding capacity by 2 times and organic carbon by 69% compared to the non-separation. But reduced available potassium, pH and sodium of the compost. In soil, it also reduced bulk density, salinity, and cadmium and lead concentrations, and increased soil MWD. Adding Rose greenhouse waste in rate of 40%, reduced compost EC by 58% campared to control. It also reduced available sodium and potassium and increased pH of the compost. In soil, reduced bulk density, salinity and concentration of lead and cadmium. Treatment of soil and separated compost with 40% of amendment, increased soil Si by 0.078 unit and soil organic carbon by 32% compared to the control.Discussion and Conclusion: Results showed that separation of wastes at the source and adding Rose greenhouse waste can improve physical and chemical properties of compost and soil. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - Evaluation of environmental performance of the Starclean composting machine in converting the wet wastes into compost
Hamid Abasalizadeh Arzhang Fathi-Gerdelidani Shahab Khalaj Siavash Jalili ArameshBackground and Objective: Ideal management of urban, agricultural, and industrial organic wastes is important due to high daily production of them, particularly from environmental and hygienic perspective. The aim of this research was to evaluate the environmental perfo MoreBackground and Objective: Ideal management of urban, agricultural, and industrial organic wastes is important due to high daily production of them, particularly from environmental and hygienic perspective. The aim of this research was to evaluate the environmental performance of StarClean composting machine in converting wet wastes at origin to compost fertilizer and chemical and microbial analysis of the produced fertilizer and comparing it with reference national standards.Material and Methodology: One composting machine with a capacity to convert 5-10 kg wet wastes was installed in region 22 of Tehran municipality, then Alicyclobacillus sendaiensis bacteria were added to the machine tank and wet wastes were strewed in it daily and after 24 hours, the produced compost was picked up. Afterwards, microbial and chemical characteristics of the compost were analyzed.Findings: Results showed that heavy metals concentration and Salmonella and Coliform fecal bacteria counts of the machine output compost were lower than permissible limits and completely passed the reference standards. Other chemical properties also were ideal which indicates the produced compost is a high quality organic fertilizer and its use can improve soil fertility.Discussion and Conclusion: the studied composting machine converts wet wastes to compost fertilizer with high quality in a short time without the production of leachate and an unpleasant odor. It also allows to complete separation of wet and dry wastes at source and production of compost fertilizer with high quality. Hence it is suggested to use this composting machine in places of wet waste generation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - Feasibility Investigation of Aluminum and Sulfate Removal of Anodizing Wastewater by Nano-Filtration
Shahab Farajollahi Ali Torabian Torabian Gholamreza Nabi-Bidhendi Aliasghar Ghadimkhani Ali Mohammad pour Nasim Zare Mahdi JangorbanAbstractWastewater treatment of electroplating industries is essential due to high pollution andcontamination of soil and water. Due to high rate of water consumption of these industries, it isimportant to reuse and recycle the treated wastewater. In this research, remo MoreAbstractWastewater treatment of electroplating industries is essential due to high pollution andcontamination of soil and water. Due to high rate of water consumption of these industries, it isimportant to reuse and recycle the treated wastewater. In this research, removal of aluminum andsulfate from the wastewater was studied by using Nano-filtration pilot in aluminum anodizingindustry.Initially, aluminum of wastewater is reduced by neutralization of wastewater and then thepretreated wastewater is studied by nano-filtration. The effective parameters in process weretemperature and pressure which studied through pilot studies. NF-90 used as a Nano-filtration (NF)module which is prepared and manufactured by Filmtech Company. The temperature were 30, 35,40°C and the pressure intervals were 5 to 20 bar.The results demonstrated that the best aluminum and sulfate removal obtained at 7.5 to 12.5 barpressure and temperature of 30°C. The pressure and temperature increments induced to fluxincrement Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - Solid wastes separation considering environmental economic aspects: technical vs. traditional system (case study: Tehran district 20)
Hassan Karimzadegan Seyed Masoud Monavari Reza Naghavi Afsaneh HassaniSolid wastes separation at the source of production --"producer source separation plan"-- has been carried out since 1374 in the districts of Tehranwith various methods to increase recycling efficiency. District 20 ofTehran is one of the districts that attempted to impl MoreSolid wastes separation at the source of production --"producer source separation plan"-- has been carried out since 1374 in the districts of Tehranwith various methods to increase recycling efficiency. District 20 ofTehran is one of the districts that attempted to implement these projects at that time. In this district, about 70% of the recycling has been performed through the traditional system and 30% through the technical system since 1383. The present study aimed to compare the two methods considering environmental economic aspect. To this end, the Solid Wastes Separation Plan was implemented inTehran district 20 in the year 1384. The results revealed that the project’s profits, consistent with the technical and administrative system in the first year of implementation (1384), turned out to be negative, but the profits of dry solid wastes collected through the traditional system were positive. In the years 1385 and 1386 (the second and third years of implementation), 50% and 100% of the households were included in the producer source separation plan, respectively. Moreover, the project’s profits in 1385 and 1386 were estimated to be 1.6 % and 3.3% higher than that of 1384, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - Study of the Quality and Quantity of Dry Components in Municipal Solid Waste from Regions 6 and 7 in Shiraz
marziye nouroozi jahan abad Sima SabzalipoorBackground and Objective: Solid waste is an integral part of human life and production of the waste in different quantity and quality is of one of the most important environmental issues of our time. Increase of population growth and solid waste production in urban and MoreBackground and Objective: Solid waste is an integral part of human life and production of the waste in different quantity and quality is of one of the most important environmental issues of our time. Increase of population growth and solid waste production in urban and metropolitan areas have become a social problem. The most important component of municipal solid waste around the world is similar, however, the density and the ratio of its ingredients from country to country and from city to city, based on the level of economic development, social, climatic and geographical situation, are very diverse. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the production and composition of municipal solid waste collected from Shiraz regions 6 and 7. Method: Sampling was randomly done for one week in the study area in [1]May 2015. The method used in this study was analysis manual type. A standard amount of 90 Kg of municipal waste was collected from the houses in the two the regions. Weights of each component of the waste were obtained and then used to draw the diagrams using Excel software. Findings: The highest percentages of waste components in both regions were related to organic materials (perishable), and there was a difference among the components of the waste in the two regions. The amount of waste produced in region 6 was higher than region 7. In region 6, the lowest percentage (1/77) belonged to the pet, whereas in region 7, the lowest percentage (0/55) was related to the special waste. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - Investigation and prioritization of environmental training methods for separation, collection and management of waste
MajidReza Ganji Lobat Taghavi Ghasemali OmraniBackground and Objective: Since identifying different methods of training for citizens and employing effective ways can pave the way for comprehensive management of residues and solid waste and ultimately sustainable development, they are used to provide a background fo MoreBackground and Objective: Since identifying different methods of training for citizens and employing effective ways can pave the way for comprehensive management of residues and solid waste and ultimately sustainable development, they are used to provide a background for this study. Method: Four instruments were used to collect data including interviews with professors and experts, library studies, documents and questionnaire (main questionnaire specific for Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP)). Collected data were analyzed using SPSS and prioritized using AHP technique. In this study, α-Cronbach's value of 0.81 was calculated to obtain reliability. To measure and approve validity, questionnaire was checked out by professors and related experts. Conclusion: Results of AHP technique showed that integration method is the best way to train separation and collection of residues or wastes. Finally, it was concluded thatamong four training methods available in this District 17, integration method is the best one; the best training time is on weekday afternoons; and the best places are schools and parks. It is noteworthy that promoting specialized knowledge of teachers, educators and other individuals related to waste management in municipalities could be effective on efficiency of training methods. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - A Survey on the Status of Municipal Waste Source Separation in Zanjan City
Farzaneh Gharajelou Younes Khosravi Abdolohossein Pari Zanganeh Abbasali ZamaniBackground and purpose: Human progress and increasing growth of population increase municipal waste production. According to this issue, for decreasing the destructive effects of municipal wastes, efficient management plan are need that it is first phase of wastes separ MoreBackground and purpose: Human progress and increasing growth of population increase municipal waste production. According to this issue, for decreasing the destructive effects of municipal wastes, efficient management plan are need that it is first phase of wastes separation. Therefore, the main goal of this research is survey on the status separation of municipal waste source and introducing methods that increase public participation. Analysis method: The statistical society of this research is the citizens of triple areas of Zanjan city. For this purpose, 450 questionnaires were prepared based on random cluster sampling of distribution. Mixing both interview and questionnaire method were used in this study. Data were summarized in frequency tables and relations and differences between variables were determined using descriptive and analytical statistical methods like Dunck and Mann Whitney, Chi square. SPSS 20 and Excel software’s have been used in data analysis. Results and Discussion: Data of this study show that approximately 70% of citizens in Zanjan city are volunteers for implementing of waste source separation plan. Now the municipal waste source separation is done only in 38% of statistical society in this case study. The most important reason of citizens for fulfill this plan was the increase of the cleanliness of the city and the environmental protection (66%). The most important reason for lack of waste source separation was the lack of necessary facilities in the city (50%). The level of received training of 90% of statistical society is poor or very poor, and 7% of societies are satisfied from instructions and notices of media about separation plan, that shows the poor performance of recycle management. Conclusion: The results of research indicate that there are factors that are effective in the level of awareness of society about waste source separation plan. Among the affecting factors, education level, family income and residential area were more evident. Also, it hasn't been seen any relationship between gender, marital status and age and environmental awareness. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - The Comparative Analysis of Farewell in Arabic & Persian Poetries
Nasrin Zargarzadeh Dezfuli Abbas Mahyar Ahmad ZakeriOne can find out the similar lexicon and conceptual aspects by comparing the Arabic and Persian separation poetries. Persian poets derived some of their poetic concepts from Arabic poetries before and after Islam. The present article initially studies two Arabic odes: o MoreOne can find out the similar lexicon and conceptual aspects by comparing the Arabic and Persian separation poetries. Persian poets derived some of their poetic concepts from Arabic poetries before and after Islam. The present article initially studies two Arabic odes: one for Imra’ ul-Qais – before Islam – and the other for Boosiri – the poet after Islam. Finally it analyzes both languages separation poetries and their affections on one another. It could be resulted out that the frequency of some lexicons and concepts are more applicable in both languages such as beloved, hometown, camel, caravan, desert, tear, sorrow, cry and so on. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - An Analysis of the Procedures of Separation of Soul from Body in the View of Mulla Sadra
Mastaneh Zamani Hadi Vasei Mohammad FooladivandaThe purpose of the present study is to explain the procedures of separation of soul from body in the views of Avicenna and Mulla Sadra. The method of study was descriptive analysis, and the results showed that although Mulla Sadra has deciphered many philosophical argum MoreThe purpose of the present study is to explain the procedures of separation of soul from body in the views of Avicenna and Mulla Sadra. The method of study was descriptive analysis, and the results showed that although Mulla Sadra has deciphered many philosophical arguments such as the rational proof for bodily resurrection and has presented suitable solutions for many other issues, he has fallen into a sort of paradox when he explains how corporeal is turned to incorporeal at time of final separation of soul from body. On the other hand, body is introduced as the main factor in the early death (Marg-e Ikhtirmai) while this definition is not compatible with his interpretation of the natural death. It seems that no distinct dichotomy has yet been shown between natural death and early death. The absolute perfection of God, achieving excellence, and fulfilling one’s potentials under the divine predestination are among some causes of death that can definitely complete the causes mentioned for natural and early death. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - Performance Investigation of the Membrane PEEK/PVA Modified with ZnO Nanoparticle for CO2 Separation
Ahmad Bahreini Arezoo Ghadi Mojtaba Masoumi -
Open Access Article
24 - Separation and Recovery of Platinum by Magnetic Coreshell Nanostructures Modified with N-(2-aminoethyl)-3- aminopropyltrimethoxysilane
Mansoor Anbia Ruholla Mehrizi -
Open Access Article
25 - Application of Magnetic-modified Fe3O Nanoparticles for Removal of Crystal Violet from Aqueous Solution: Kinetic, Equilibrium and Thermodynamic Studies
Shiva Dehghan Abkenar -
Open Access Article
26 - Separation and Recovery of Platinum by Magnetic Core-shell Nano-structures Modified with N-(2-aminoethyl)-3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane
Mansoor Anbia Ruholla Mehrizi -
Open Access Article
27 - The method of conclude-composing in Ferdawsi's lyrical poem of Zāl and Rudābeh
Zeynab Taghi Nezhad Reza Ashraf Zade Batool Fakhr EslamIn this article, the method of conclude-composing in the lyrical poem of Zāl and Rudābeh by Ferdawsi, the famous Iranian poet, has been scrutinized: by asking why the poet chose Visāl (attainment) for the end his love story? and what factors influenced this choice? To a MoreIn this article, the method of conclude-composing in the lyrical poem of Zāl and Rudābeh by Ferdawsi, the famous Iranian poet, has been scrutinized: by asking why the poet chose Visāl (attainment) for the end his love story? and what factors influenced this choice? To achieve this goal, contemplation in several issues such as the author's personal beliefs, dominant beliefs of the society, environment and tradition, the influence of old myths and beliefs on the minds of the previous, present and future people from the time of the poet as well as the reasons for visāl from various social, political, cultural, religious and moral aspects have been studied. From among the findings of this research we can mention the bravery and courage of the lover in reaching the beloved, the beauty of the lover and the beloved, enduring hardships, pure and mutual love, the peace-loving spirit of Iranians, the continuous use of rational and spiritual sources by the characters, exogamy, disappearance of contradictions, and other factors that finally lead to the outcome of these actions and reactions to overcome rivals and remove barriers to visāl. In this study prior to study reasons of visāl, a brief biography of the poet and a summary and background of the story is mentioned. This study is done in library and descriptive-analytic method and by use of authentic articles. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - Numerical Study of Coupled Non-Gray Radiation and Separation Convection Flow in a Duct using FSK Method
Meysam Atashafrooz Seyyed Abdolreza Gandjalikhan Nassab Khosro Lari -
Open Access Article
29 - Investigation of the Effect of V-Clamp Band Design Parameters on the Bending and Axial Stiffness of the Flanged Joints
SeyyedAbdolSajjad Borhani AliAkbar Lotfi neyestanak Ali davar -
Open Access Article
30 - Label-Free Perfect Separation of Michigan Cancer Foundation-7 Cells from White Blood Cells using Both Wall-Induced Lift and Dielectrophoresis Forces
Alireza Alaghemand Ali Fattah -
Open Access Article
31 - Investigating the Effect of Separation Speed and Image Cross-Section Geometry on The Separation Force in DLP Method using FEP and PP Polymer Membranes
Siavash Moayedi Manizani Jamal Zamani Mohammad Salehi Mohammad Taghi shayesteh -
Open Access Article
32 - Extracts from Thymus vulgaris and Origanum vulgare L. obtained by different separation processes: global yield and functional profile
Suzara Sena Theresa Dantas Camila Pereira -
Open Access Article
33 - A new structure for microchip capillary electrophoresis with high velocity and resolution and efficiency
Seyyedeh Sepideh Taheri Otaghsara Bahram Azizollah Ganji Morteza Fathipur -
Open Access Article
34 - Diseases Of Heart and the Ways to Recover from the Koran Viewpoint plus Mystical Literature
Maryam ZibaeenejadIn this paper, the writer tries to explain the diseases that deviate and evolve heart resulting in depression and death of heart by going through mystical cultures and texts while providing different definitions of heart and soul documented out of the Holy Koran and evi MoreIn this paper, the writer tries to explain the diseases that deviate and evolve heart resulting in depression and death of heart by going through mystical cultures and texts while providing different definitions of heart and soul documented out of the Holy Koran and evidences in mystical literature, having in mind that the Almighty has mentioned the heart diseases and the ways to recover them. The writer has explained the recovery ways of the diseases according to the verses of the Koran and the traditions, after a study over them, together with evidences reflected in mystical verses and prose so that the impression of the Koran on mystical literature could be recognized. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
35 - Evaluation of CO2/CH4 Gas Separation in PVA and PVC Mixed Matrix Membrane Permeation Models
Elaheh Gandomkar Ghalhari Samaneh Koudzari Farahani Abdolreza Moghadassi Ezzatollah Joudaki Seyyed Mohsen Hosseini -
Open Access Article
36 - Investigation of acetone as co-solvent on performance PES nanofiltration membrane
Hamideh Aminifard Abdolreza Moghadassi Ehsan Bagheripour -
Open Access Article
37 - Advance polymeric membrane to CO2 separation
Samaneh Bandehali Abdolreza Moghadassi -
Open Access Article
38 - The effect of resilience training on anxiety components (separation anxiety, social phobia, generalized anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and panic) in primary school children
Zahra Bakhtiari Javanshir Asadi Ali Asghar BayaniPresent study aimed to determine the effect of resilience training on anxiety components in primary school children. This study was quasi-experimental with a pretest and posttest design with a control group. The research population was male students referred to educatio MorePresent study aimed to determine the effect of resilience training on anxiety components in primary school children. This study was quasi-experimental with a pretest and posttest design with a control group. The research population was male students referred to education counseling centers of 5 and 6 districts of Tehran city in 2019-20 academic years. The research sample was 40 people who were selected by available sampling method and randomly assigned into two equal groups. The experimental group trained 9 sessions of 60 minutes (two sessions a week) with the resilience training method and the control group didn’t received any training. Data collected with using the demographic information form and revised child anxiety and depression scale (Chorpita and et all, 2000) and analyzed by methods of chi-square and multivariate analysis of covariance in SPSS-21 software. The findings showed that the in the experimental and control groups didn’t significant difference in terms of educational level, age and education of parents (P>0.05). Other findings showed that resilience training reduced the components of separation anxiety, social phobia, generalized anxiety and obsessive-compulsive in primary school children (p < 0.05), but hadn’t significant effect on their panic (P>0.05). According to the results of this study, planning to use the method of resilience education is necessary to reduce anxiety of primary school children. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
39 - Criticizing the divergence of action from faith and preventing its decline in Islamic teachings
ali hoseini abolhasan bakhtyariThe mention of faith along with righteous deeds in the Holy Qur'an is the discovery of a convergence and the sign of a possible relationship, but there is a difference in what faith is and its relationship with behavior. The Marja'i sect considers "faith" as an indisfle MoreThe mention of faith along with righteous deeds in the Holy Qur'an is the discovery of a convergence and the sign of a possible relationship, but there is a difference in what faith is and its relationship with behavior. The Marja'i sect considers "faith" as an indisflexible identity, so it has a priority and action is located on the back of "faith", contrary to the opinion of the Khawarij sect, which is part of the faith. The Ahl al-Bayt (a)'s school of thought has been criticized and the important point is to analyze the definition of faith from the perspective of theolines and its components. Following the fundamental question arises, whether faith is merely a heartfelt affirmation, or is it an act of external or necessary works of faith, but it is generally out of its truth? In the course of this research, the conceptual and structural relationship is effective and what criticisms are on it. The appearance of some Shi'a hadiths shows that jurahi's act is one of the pillars of faith, so the criticism is incompatible with the appearance of hadiths. The brief result of this analysis of the above relationship is that the mentioned relationship is an act of external and indestheic works or the necessity of faith. Considering the title and preventing its collapse in Islamic teachings, it is possible to prove the co-ordation of faith and practice. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
40 - Analyzing the legal status of high officials in the constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran and the United States of America
hedieh sadat mirtorabi ehsan aghamohamadaghaeeReferring to the legal structure of official and legal authorities in political systems is a question that can be answered by reflecting on the philosophical-political thought of the separation of powers and also by analyzing the text of the constitution of political sy MoreReferring to the legal structure of official and legal authorities in political systems is a question that can be answered by reflecting on the philosophical-political thought of the separation of powers and also by analyzing the text of the constitution of political systems. In the American presidential system, the president is considered as the embodiment of unity and has a clear superiority over other heads of state. Also, extraordinary power has been given to the president in the following matters: implementing laws and monitoring their good implementation, directing the country's foreign policy and commanding the armed forces. This is despite the fact that in Iran's legal system, according to the requirements of the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran, the position of leadership is the highest official and political position of the Constitution. In the meantime, the texture and structure of the constitution has been composed in such a way that it is not only limited to the cases mentioned in principles 110 and 112, but also any matter of public affairs, provided that it is within the framework of Islamic standards and is subject to public interest. be included in the aforementioned authority. Considering the political structure of the two legal systems of Iran and the United States, this article evaluates these two authorities through the lens of the Constitution. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
41 - Compilation of the conditional-consequential matrix of separation anxiety from the viewpoint of mothers
behnood behmanesh khadijeh abolmaali alhosseini mehran azadiPurpose: The current study deals with the qualitative study of mothers' viewpoint about separation anxiety, the etiology of separation anxiety, the way mothers deal with their children suffering from separation anxiety and its strategies. Methodology: The current resear MorePurpose: The current study deals with the qualitative study of mothers' viewpoint about separation anxiety, the etiology of separation anxiety, the way mothers deal with their children suffering from separation anxiety and its strategies. Methodology: The current research method was qualitative with the grounded theory approach based on the systematic model of Strauss and Corbin (2015). The population included mothers of children suffering from separation anxiety disorder in the first grade of primary school in Tehran in 2019, from whom 10 mothers were selected using a purposeful homogeneous and snowball methods until saturation was reached. In order to collect data, a semi-structured interview method was used. The data were analyzed with the help of MAX-QDA 2020 version.Findings: 370 primary codes were obtained, which were created through causal-interactional coding with emphasis on properties-dimensions and process-consequences of cross-causal and strategic mini-frameworks.Conclusion: Causal and procedural coding results, including internal-relational causal factors such as various genetic issues, infant and childhood symptoms, absence of mother and father, marital disputes, and external-reflective factors such as the calmness of the living environment and an accident or illness for oneself or relatives , and the prevention-compensatory strategies were useful, such as persuading the father to communicate more with the child, and useless, such as the strategy of forceful separation. In addition, through the conditional-consequence matrix, interactive and consequential aspects and the central code of early sensitization to interactions and environment, separation anxiety was obtained from the viewpoint of mothers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
42 - Inventory of Single Oak Trees Using Object- Based Method on WorldView-2 Satellite Images and on Earth
yousef taghi mollaei Abdolali Karamshahi Seyyed Yousef ErfanifardRemote sensing provides data types and useful resources for forest mapping. Today,one of the most commonly used application in forestry is the identification of singletree and tree species compassion using object-based analysis and classification ofsatellite or aerial i MoreRemote sensing provides data types and useful resources for forest mapping. Today,one of the most commonly used application in forestry is the identification of singletree and tree species compassion using object-based analysis and classification ofsatellite or aerial images. Forest data, which is derived from remote sensing methods,mainly focuses on the mass i.e. parts of the forest that are largely homogeneous, inparticular, interconnected) and plot-level data. Haft-Barm Lake is the case study whichis located in Fars province, representing closed forest in which oak is the valuablespecies. High Resolution Satellite Imagery of WV-2 has been used in this study. Inthis study, A UAV equipped with a compact digital camera has been used calibratedand modified to record not only the visual but also the near infrared reflection (NIR) ofpossibly infested oaks. The present study evaluated the estimation of forest parametersby focusing on single tree extraction using Object-Based method of classification witha complex matrix evaluation and AUC method with the help of the 4th UAV phantombird image in two distinct regions. The object-based classification has the highest andbest accuracy in estimating single-tree parameters. Object-Based classification methodis a useful method to identify Oak tree Zagros Mountains forest. This study confirmsthat using WV-2 data one can extract the parameters of single trees in the forest. An overall Kappa Index of Agreement (KIA) of 0.97 and 0.96 for each study site has been achieved. It is also concluded that while UAV has the potential to provide flexible and feasible solutions for forest mapping, some issues related to image quality still need to be addressed in order to improve the classification performance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
43 - Inventory of Single Oak Trees Using Object-Based Method on WorldView-2 Satellite Images and Earth
yousef taghi mollaei abdolali karamshahi Seyyed Yousef ErfanifardRemote sensing provides data types and useful resources for forest mapping. Today, one of the mostcommonly used application in forestry is the identification of single tree and tree species compassionusing object-based analysis and classification of satellite or aerial MoreRemote sensing provides data types and useful resources for forest mapping. Today, one of the mostcommonly used application in forestry is the identification of single tree and tree species compassionusing object-based analysis and classification of satellite or aerial images. Forest data, which is derivedfrom remote sensing methods, mainly focuses on the mass i.e. parts of the forest that are largelyhomogeneous, in particular, interconnected) and plot-level data. Haft-Barm Lake is the case study whichis located in Fars province, representing closed forest in which oak is the valuable species. HighResolution Satellite Imagery of WV-2 has been used in this study. In this study, A UAV equipped with acompact digital camera has been used calibrated and modified to record not only the visual but also thenear infrared reflection (NIR) of possibly infested oaks. The present study evaluated the estimation offorest parameters by focusing on single tree extraction using Object-Based method of classification with acomplex matrix evaluation and AUC method with the help of the 4th UAV phantom bird image in twodistinct regions. The object-based classification has the highest and best accuracy in estimating single-treeparameters. Object-Based classification method is a useful method to identify Oak tree Zagros Mountainsforest. This study confirms that using WV-2 data one can extract the parameters of single trees in theforest. An overall Kappa Index of Agreement (KIA) of 0.97 and 0.96 for each study site has beenachieved. It is also concluded that while UAV has the potential to provide flexible and feasible solutionsfor forest mapping, some issues related to image quality still need to be addressed in order to improve theclassification performance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
44 - Preparation of surfactant modified inorganic nanofibers for the removal of oily compounds from water
Elnaz Doshanbeh pourOily compounds threat people’s health and aquatic life due to their toxic nature. In this project, surfactant grafted functionalized mesoporous silica nanofiber with the aim of separating the oil spillage was synthesized. Firstly, the electrospun mesoporous silica MoreOily compounds threat people’s health and aquatic life due to their toxic nature. In this project, surfactant grafted functionalized mesoporous silica nanofiber with the aim of separating the oil spillage was synthesized. Firstly, the electrospun mesoporous silica nanofiber was functionalized by [3-(2, 3- Epoxypropoxy)-propyl]-trimethoxysilane in an alkali condition. Secondly, the 4-nonylphenol as a surfactant was grafted onto the surface of functionalized mesoporous silica nanofiber. The grafting yield of surfactant on the surface of functionalized mesoporous silica nanofiber was evaluated. Then by using the BET analysis, the nanofibre surface area was investigated, and finally, optimum conditions with respect to the grafting yield of 4-nonylphenol and BET analysis were reported. In order to characterize the synthesized nanofibers, FTIR, SEM, and AFM analyses were used. The pore size distribution of synthesized nanofibers was investigated by the BJH method.The results showed that the [3-(2, 3- Epoxypropoxy)-propyl]-trimethoxysilane and surfactant were attached to the nanofiber surface through the covalent linkages. SEM images exhibited the deposition of a dense layer on the surface of grafted nanofibers. Moreover, AFM analysis revealed that the surface of the nanofiber became rough after the functionalization and grafting processes. In order to evaluate the superhydrophobic properties of nanofibers, contact angle analyses were investigated. The synthesized absorbent showed a high absorption capacity of 128.1 and 102.3 g/g for heavy motor oil and diesel fuel, respectively. The absorbed oil was easily removed by vacuum filtration and the nanofiber could be reused for several cycles while keeping high absorption capacity Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
45 - Numerical simulation and experimental study on a microscale vortex tube
نادر رهبر Mostafa Shateri Mohsan Taherian محمد صادق ولی پورIn This paper the energy separation phenomenon in a micro-scale vortex tube was investigated by using the computational fluid dynamic. The flow is assumed as steady, turbulent, compressible ideal gas, and the shear-stress transport is used for modeling of turbulence phe MoreIn This paper the energy separation phenomenon in a micro-scale vortex tube was investigated by using the computational fluid dynamic. The flow is assumed as steady, turbulent, compressible ideal gas, and the shear-stress transport is used for modeling of turbulence phenomenon. The results show that 3-D CFD simulation is more accurate than 2-D axisymmetric one. Moreover, optimum cold-mass ratios to maximize the refrigeration-power and isentropic-efficiency are evaluated. The results of static temperature, velocity magnitude and pressure distributions show that the temperature-separation in the micro-scale vortex tube is a function of kinetic-energy variation and air-expansion in the radial direction. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
46 - Drag reducing of Peogeut 405 using the vortex generator.
Rouhollah Ghodsi Hamidreza Zomorodi Farhad EmamalizadehAbstract The flow separation at the rear of a vehicle generates more pressure drag. A vortex generator can cause delay in developing of separation by chang-ing the distribution of momentum in boundary layer. The comparison be-tween the results of with and without vorte MoreAbstract The flow separation at the rear of a vehicle generates more pressure drag. A vortex generator can cause delay in developing of separation by chang-ing the distribution of momentum in boundary layer. The comparison be-tween the results of with and without vortex generator reveals the effects of vortex generator on drag reduction considerably. In this study, an effi-cient vortex generator is designed for the Peugeot 405 sedan. The numeri-cal simulations are performed using ANSYS FLUENT and also the model and mesh are generated by ICEM. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
47 - Numerical study of the effect of vortex generators arrangement on vehicle aerodynamic characteristics
morteza khayatLand vehicles are among the blunt body objects. When a vehicle moves forward, the movement of air around it produces a pressure gradient that varies along the body. This can lead to separation and appearance of a turbulent wake region in the rear of the vehicle. The pre MoreLand vehicles are among the blunt body objects. When a vehicle moves forward, the movement of air around it produces a pressure gradient that varies along the body. This can lead to separation and appearance of a turbulent wake region in the rear of the vehicle. The present study numerically investigates the aerodynamic effects of vortex generators and their arrangement in different positions of 6 and 15 numbers, each with linear, rectangular and triangular arrangements on the back of a car model. Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations and turbulent models have been used to analyze the changes in drag and lift coefficients obtained from different arrangements of the vortex generators. The results show that the best case for reducing the drag force is related to 6 numbers of vortex generators with linear and triangular arrangement, which reduces the drag coefficient by 2% compared to the car model without vortex generators. In addition, the best case to improve the downforce; in order to increase the stability of the car, is the arrangement of 15 vortex generators with a rectangular alignment, which reduces the lift coefficient by 23.1% compared to the car model without the vortex generator. Also, with increasing the number of vortex generators from 6 to 15, the drag coefficients generally increase. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
48 - Improved SVM for Multi-class Classification by fuzzy game theory
Samaneh GhodsSVM is one of the popular classification algorithms based on statistics learning, which is presented for two-class problems. In real environments, the problem is usually multi-class. Thus, multi-class separation methods are very important compared to binary classes. In MoreSVM is one of the popular classification algorithms based on statistics learning, which is presented for two-class problems. In real environments, the problem is usually multi-class. Thus, multi-class separation methods are very important compared to binary classes. In this work, to decrease the complexity of the model and the resulting loss of accuracy, fuzzy game theory is derived, which will be able to map the non-linear to a linear problem. Fuzzy game theory is obtained from the probability of data in each class by using two players (in our problem, each player is equivalent to a class label). Here, the decision matrix is yielded by the fuzzy logic, and then the equations are solved by the linear programming. Obtained results from the computer simulation validate the SVM model by fuzzy game theory. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
49 - Morphological diversity study in somespecies in Iran
mozhgan veisi Masoud Sheidai fahimeh koohdarIntroduction: Tamarix is the largest genus in the family Tamaricaceae with about 54 species.Taxonomically due to interspecific hybridization the number of Tamarix species in the world and in Iran is discussed.Aim: the purpose of this research study of Taxonomic and morp MoreIntroduction: Tamarix is the largest genus in the family Tamaricaceae with about 54 species.Taxonomically due to interspecific hybridization the number of Tamarix species in the world and in Iran is discussed.Aim: the purpose of this research study of Taxonomic and morphological diversity of 51 samples of 10 species are related to different regions of Iran.Materials and methods: 9 Characters (4 quantitative, 5 qualitative) of the morphological structure of vegetative and reproductive organs of the species were studied and statistical analysis was performed. Such as the characteristics of the number of petals, the number of sepals, number of stamen rows, outer sepal, inner sepal, external sepal tip shape, ttachment of stamen to lobe, bracte length relative to calyx length, number of stamen They are one of the prominent morphological features of this genus. PCA showed the most variance in two main components.Results: PCA biplot was drawn to show the most variable traits in morphological studies. Also, clustering method were drawn in morphological studies to show the separation of boundary between species. The borders of all species were separated by the mentioned morphological traits and only boundary of T. karakalensis, T. korolkowii, T. ramosissima were not separated due to overlap in bracte length relative to calyx length character.The information obtained is consistent with the results of molecular studies with the SCoT marker previously performed.Conclusion: The present study indicates the presence of morphological diversity in species and even between individuals of species in Iran. It also showed that morphological traits with molecular studies are effective in determining the boundary of species Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
50 - Directional Stroke Width Transform to Separate Text and Graphics in City Maps
Ali Ghafari-Beranghar Ehsanollah Kabir Kaveh Kangarloo -
Open Access Article
51 - A New School Bus Routing Problem Considering Gender Separation, Special Students and Mix Loading: A Genetic Algorithm Approach
Alireza Rashidi Komijan Peiman Ghasemi Kaveh Khalili-Damghani Fakhrosadat HashemiYazdi -
Open Access Article
52 - The Effect of economic capital and satisfaction of urban services on citizens' participation inUremiain the separation and collection of household waste
Laura Alyari Mohammad Abbaszadeh Hussein MirzaeiThe separation of waste is an important issue and duty in the developed cities in the world. The reason of this subject is protection of environment that healthiness of human and other organisms depend on it, so the aim of this study was to determine the citizenship's p MoreThe separation of waste is an important issue and duty in the developed cities in the world. The reason of this subject is protection of environment that healthiness of human and other organisms depend on it, so the aim of this study was to determine the citizenship's participation in separation and collection of household waste and the effect of economic capital and satisfaction of urban services on it in Uremia city. The research method was survey and data have been collected through questionnaire. The sample size was 612 who were selected via multi-stage cluster sampling. The results indicate that there is a significant relationship between satisfaction of urban services and dependent variable. Also there is a significant relationship between economic capital and participation in separation and collection of metal and plastic waste. The stepwise multiple regression analysis results show that satisfaction of urban services explain 12/1 percent of variable variance of citizens' participation in separation and collection of household waste. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
53 - The Juridical and Legal Study of the Alternatives to the Sale of Salaf Oil Securities in Secondary Market
Abdolhosen Shiravi Hadi RahmaniSelling Salaf commodity before maturity is forbidden by Islam, so making a secondary market for these securities is not possible within common procedures. Hence we have to find a new way to make a secondary market for these securities. Some proposed ways are parallel Sa MoreSelling Salaf commodity before maturity is forbidden by Islam, so making a secondary market for these securities is not possible within common procedures. Hence we have to find a new way to make a secondary market for these securities. Some proposed ways are parallel Salaf, assignment through agency and Solh of Salaf commodity, all of which have shortcomings that puts the formation of secondary markets in trouble. Combination of parallel Salaf and assignment (Havaleh) seems to be the most complete proposal, yet there are still many problems with it. This study attempts to challenge them and another way that is considering securities as Circulating Rights. Circulating Rights is a matter that is considered in foreign law systems and is not compatible with Islamic Jurisprudence rules. But we can somewhat accept this rules in our system when combining them with Islamic rules. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
54 - An Analysis of the Requirement for the Separation of Conjoined Twins for the Enforcement of Punishment
Mahdiyeh Ghanizadeh Ali Tavallaei mohammd reza kaykhaDue to the special circumstances of the conjoined twins, in many cases, the punishment of each of them will have an effect on the other. In case of the innocence of one of the twins or difference in their crime, this will result in the harm to the innocent person. There MoreDue to the special circumstances of the conjoined twins, in many cases, the punishment of each of them will have an effect on the other. In case of the innocence of one of the twins or difference in their crime, this will result in the harm to the innocent person. Therefore, one of the most basic conditions in the legitimacy of the punishment of these types of people is to prevent the effect of punishment on the other person who is not involved. In this regard, the separation is one of the ways to provide the possibility of punishment for them. An issue that needs to be addressed is the legitimacy or illegitimacy of the requirement to separate in the event of dissatisfaction of the other twin. The present study examines this issue in a descriptive-analytical manner. The findings of the study indicate that, first of all, the obligation to separate in order to enforce hadd, on the presumption of non-repentance or repetition of a crime by the offender, is legitimate. Second, in individual law, the legitimacy of the obligation to separate depends on the non-infliction of a substantial loss to the person. Thirdly, in public law, according to the priority of public interest over individual interest, the obligation to separate is legitimate. Fourth, in some cases, in connection with a conjoined twin, death during surgery replaces the death penalty. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
55 - Generation Gap: Illusion or Reality?
Heydar Janalizadeh Choobbasti Mohammad Reza Soliemani Beshli -
Open Access Article
56 - Analyzing the Desirability of the Quality of Urban Spaces in Relation to the Pattern of Land Separation in Ardabil city (Niyar Neighborhood with a Mixed Pattern (Chess-Organic))
Ata Ghafari Gilandeh Samira Saeidi ZaranjiCreating quality living spaces is a prerequisite for any living complex. Developments that are carried out for the formation of settlements can be successful and achieve their ultimate goal, which is to achieve a high quality of life, when a correct plan is prepared for MoreCreating quality living spaces is a prerequisite for any living complex. Developments that are carried out for the formation of settlements can be successful and achieve their ultimate goal, which is to achieve a high quality of life, when a correct plan is prepared for them from the beginning and the development is carried out based on it and goes in line with it. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to investigate the relationship between the quality of urban space and the pattern of land separation in Ardabil city (Niyar neighborhood with a mixed (chess-organic) pattern). The current research is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of descriptive-analytical nature and based on structural equation modeling. Data collection was done through a questionnaire with 6 indicators (access, spatial and physical, transportation, mental comfort, security, enjoyment of the neighborhood) and 35 items based on the responses of the residents of Nayar neighborhood in Ardabil city and with a sample size of 120 people. The collected data were analyzed through SPSS, Smart-PLS software. The results of path coefficient analysis and one-sample t-test showed that the variables (security at night, outdoor safety, access to services, speed of cars in the neighborhood, space for car parking, inspiring space in the neighborhood, common open space between the house and neighbors) Children's play direction, mental comfort, the amount of public open space, parking of strangers' cars in front of the house, plant diversity in the park, and the integrity and continuity of the facade of the buildings in the neighborhood) have the highest amount of statistics, respectively (1.97, 2/18, 2/58, 2/07, 4/85, 13/64, 2/35, 2/27, 11/25, 2/12, 5/18, 2/28, 2/32) and the rest The variables have less effect, which shows the dissatisfaction of the people of this neighborhood with the quality of the urban space. Also, based on the results of the Pearson test, there is a positive and significant correlation between the variable of land segregation patterns and the quality of urban space. The obtained significance level is (0.024) and this relationship is unidirectional and strong according to the correlation (.466). Therefore, by identifying and evaluating the indicators of the quality of urban space according to the segregation pattern from the point of view of citizens, city managers can promote and improve the conditions and environmental quality of residents. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
57 - Measuring and Evaluating Social Effects of Residential Districts Emphasizing Social Inequality (Case Study: Omidiye City)
Mohammad Ali Firuzi Morteza Nemati Nadia Dari PurThis article aims to measure and evaluate social effects of Mehr housings' areas and Motahari district in Omidiye city emphasizing social inequality. Residents of different districts have been distributed in special areas of the city based on economic and social charact MoreThis article aims to measure and evaluate social effects of Mehr housings' areas and Motahari district in Omidiye city emphasizing social inequality. Residents of different districts have been distributed in special areas of the city based on economic and social characteristics (income and education). The research methodology was descriptive. The sample of the study included 320 people using Cochran formula. 160 people belonged to Motahari district and 160 people were from Mehr housing and were questioned randomly. The results of T-Test showed the difference of average of two variables related to residential districts, respondents and social deviations. Considering (sig: 0. 001) and (t:-2.16) the observed difference between two groups was statistically significant. Also the results of variance test connected to two variables showed that there was mutual correlation between the type of residential districts, education and income level and attraction level to social deviations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
58 - The Effect of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes on CO2/N2 Separation Using Sulfonated Polyether Ether Ketone/Polyetherimide Nano Composite Membrane
Habibollah Bahreini Elham Ameri Hassan Ebadi-Dehaghani -
Open Access Article
59 - A biotechnological perspective on the affinity magnetic separation and purification based on oligonucleotides
Leila Farzin Mojtaba Shamsipur Shahab Sheibani -
Open Access Article
60 - Separation-Based Adsorption of H2 from Binary Mixtures inside Single, Double, Triple Walled Boron-Nitride Nanotubes: A Grand-Canonical Monte-Carlo Study
Zohreh Ahadi Muhammad Shadman Lakmehsari Vahid Sokhanvaran Jamal DavoodiThis study investigates the separation based on adsorption of the binary gas mixture of hydrogen with biogas (gases: CO2, CH4, O2, N2) and inert gases (gases: He, Ne, and Ar) using single-walled ((7,7), (15,15), (29,29), (44,44), (58,58) and (73,73) SWBNNTs), double-wal MoreThis study investigates the separation based on adsorption of the binary gas mixture of hydrogen with biogas (gases: CO2, CH4, O2, N2) and inert gases (gases: He, Ne, and Ar) using single-walled ((7,7), (15,15), (29,29), (44,44), (58,58) and (73,73) SWBNNTs), double-walled ((11,11)@(15,15), (7,7)@(22,22) DWBNNTs) and triple walled ((8,8)@(11,11)@(15,15) and (7,7)@(15,15)@(22,22) TWBNNTs) boron nitride nanotubes via the grand canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) simulation. Two models, namely, spherical and site-site models, are employed for gas. Two conditions are used for the SWBNNTs, i.e., SWBNNTs with atomic charges and SWBNNTs without atomic charges. This paper also examines the impact of nanotube diameters on binary mixture adsorption. The results indicate that considering the H2/gas separation in the studied BNNTs, the H2 separation from He and the H2 separation from Ar have the maximum and minimum selectivity values, respectively. Also, with increasing pressure and temperature, the values of the H2/He selectivity in the studied BNNTs decrease. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
61 - A Biotechnological Perspective on The Affinity Magnetic Separation and Purification Based on Oligonucleotides
Leila Farzin Mojtaba Shamsipur Shahab Sheibani -
Open Access Article
62 - Separation-Based Adsorption of H2 from Binary Mixtures inside Single, Double, Triple Walled Boron-Nitride Nanotubes: A Grand- Canonical Monte-Carlo Study
Zohreh Ahadi Muhammad Shadman Lakmehsari Vahid Sokhanvaran Jamal Davoodi -
Open Access Article
63 - Alienation and The Comfort of Strangers
Saeid Unesi Fatemeh AzizMohammadi Mozhgan Yarahmadi -
Open Access Article
64 - Fault Diagnosis Operator in Linear Fractional Order Singular Systems Using Singular Observer and Unknown Input
F. PourDadashi Komachali M. Shafiee -
Open Access Article
65 - Speech Separation Using Reduced Complexity DUET Algorithm in Real Environment
Farinaz Ackochekian Mohsen AshoreianThe Degenerate Unmixing Estimation Technique (DUET) is a practical algorithm for source separation in anechoic environment. DUET performs source separation by frequency domain processing and is independent of the number of mixed sources. However performance of this algo MoreThe Degenerate Unmixing Estimation Technique (DUET) is a practical algorithm for source separation in anechoic environment. DUET performs source separation by frequency domain processing and is independent of the number of mixed sources. However performance of this algorithm for long speech signals is very slow. In this research we first down sampled real mixtures and then implemented the modified DUET algorithm. Using the proposed method reduces the implementation time almost one third of the basic algorithm. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
66 - Blind Source Separation in Farsi Language by Using Hermitian Angle in Convolutive Enviroment
Atefeh Soltani Seyed Hamid Mahmoodian Seyed Ali HashemiThis paper presents a T-F masking method for convolutive blind source separation based on hermitian angle concept. The hermitian angle is calculated between T-F domain mixture vector and reference vector. Two different reference vectors are assumed for calculating two d MoreThis paper presents a T-F masking method for convolutive blind source separation based on hermitian angle concept. The hermitian angle is calculated between T-F domain mixture vector and reference vector. Two different reference vectors are assumed for calculating two different hermitian angles, and then these angles are clustered with k-means or FCM method to estimate unmixing masks. The well-known permutation problem is solved based on k-means clustering of estimated masks which are partitioned to small groups. The experimental results show an improvement in performance when using two different reference vectors compared to only one. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
67 - The Role of the United States Congress in Imposing of Sanctions against Iran
hossein moradi hossein daheshyarAbstract: The United States political system is based on separation of powers with dividing the power between each branches and the check and balance system oversee the other branches. As result due to this system of check and balance there is always a struggle between MoreAbstract: The United States political system is based on separation of powers with dividing the power between each branches and the check and balance system oversee the other branches. As result due to this system of check and balance there is always a struggle between the president and the Congress in foreign policy matters. Thus each branch under the constitution claims that has the right or power to give its opinion on foreign policy matters. This interference of the role has also shown itself in the case of the United States foreign policy vis-à-vis Iran and each branch particularly the legislative branch tries to exert his views about Iran. The present article by a descriptive and analytical method and by referring to bills approved in the Congress against Iran and also the hearing held about Iran wants to answer this question that what role the United States Congress plays in furtherance of policies about Iran and how it tries to pursue it? The hypothesis is that every time Congress has entered into US foreign policy decision making process, the result has been the adoption of aggressive and stringent decisions about Iran. In fact the Congress has tried to have upper hand over the president in determining the policies against Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
68 - Investigating the factors affecting the formation of environmental citizenship(case study, the topic of non-separation of waste in Mashhad city)
Rostam SaberifarIn the field of environmental citizenship, every citizen must accept his duties and responsibilities. One of the basic responsibilities of citizens is to separate and deliver garbage on time. Because if the citizens do not fulfill their duty, many environmental and soci MoreIn the field of environmental citizenship, every citizen must accept his duties and responsibilities. One of the basic responsibilities of citizens is to separate and deliver garbage on time. Because if the citizens do not fulfill their duty, many environmental and social problems will be created, one of the most important of them is environmental pollution and the presence of garbage collectors in the city. This research was done in a descriptive and analytical way and in the form of an integrated approach of value, belief and Stern's norm. Its purpose was to determine the status of environmental citizenship in the field of participation in urban waste management based on the criteria of waste segregation in Mashhad city. To collect data, a questionnaire prepared by the researcher was used. The statistical population was the residents of Mashhad. Based on this, the statistical sample size was estimated to be 385 people. The results of the research showed that environmental citizenship in this city was not formed at least based on the criterion of waste segregation and its timely delivery. Therefore, non-participation in waste separation is related to various factors, some of which include: Negative attitude towards waste, belief in human superiority, weak knowledge and understanding, little collective supervision, avoidance of responsibility, selfishness, inappropriate personal behavior, villa housing, inappropriate access to urban facilities and infrastructure and marginalization. The final analysis showed that the variables included in the model explain almost half of the changes in the dependent variable. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
69 - Feasibility of Democratic Guarantees in the Principles of the Iranian Constitution
Khodadad Bahiraei Hossein Monavari Ali Faghih HabibiIn today's era, there are few governments willing to consider their sovereignty based on domination and force, or hereditary rule and not claiming legitimacy due to the acceptance and support of the people. Although many governments maintain the appearance of democracy MoreIn today's era, there are few governments willing to consider their sovereignty based on domination and force, or hereditary rule and not claiming legitimacy due to the acceptance and support of the people. Although many governments maintain the appearance of democracy (show elections, puppet parties) have an absolute and authoritarian nature. Therefore, observing the principles and determining the principles in the constitution along with the guarantee of implementation is a necessary and sufficient condition for the establishment of democracy in any country. Which provisions of the constitution have satisfied the establishment of democracy in the constitution of Iran? This is the question of this article. The dual control and restraint of power (separation of powers on one hand and the creation of a supervisory body to supervise them on the other) is to control power (check & balance system) and prevent the body of power from violating legal limits and attacking democracy. The following items are among the important means of guaranteeing democracy in Iran's constitution. judicial supervision (prosecution of crimes caused by abuse of power and civil responsibility); political surveillance (investigation, questioning, impeachment); Hierarchical supervision and public supervision (parties, publications, commanding good and forbidding evil, principle 8). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
70 - Investigation of the pumice mineral adsorbent silanization for oil/water separation
Parveneh Raeisi Reza Norouzbeigi Hadi ShayestehProviding acceptable and cost-effective environmental biomaterials that can remove the oily phase from the water is necessary. The aim of the present study was to prepare pumice, an oil adsorbent, and performance evaluation of the mineral material in oil/water separatio MoreProviding acceptable and cost-effective environmental biomaterials that can remove the oily phase from the water is necessary. The aim of the present study was to prepare pumice, an oil adsorbent, and performance evaluation of the mineral material in oil/water separation. By applying one factor at a time method, the effect of the modifier type (octadecyl trichlorosilane and trimethylchlorosilane) and the modifier concentration (within a specific range) were evaluated for the pumice. The optimum water contact angle of pumice was obtained 159.2°±0.82°. Instrumental characterizations were performed to determine the properties of the adsorbents. Also, the presence of modifiers on the surface of the pumice was confirmed. The removal efficiency and flow rate of dichloromethane from water using pumice were 98.3% and 8422.38 Lm-2 h-1, respectively. Also, separation efficiency experimental in ten cycles was performed, and the separation efficiency was still above 92% after ten cycles of oil/water separation. On the other hand, with increasing separation cycles, the flux decreased from 8422.38 to 3445.52 Lm-2 h-1. The variation of water contact angle values vs. water immersion time was evaluated to examine the particles' durability. After 6 h, water contact angle decreased from 159.2° to 153.3°. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
71 - 3D Numerical Simulation of the Separated Turbulent Shallow Flow around a Single Side Obstacle
A. Safarzadeh L. Esfandiary -
Open Access Article
72 - The Behavior of the Main Characters in the Story of "Zāl and Rudāba"; An Analysis Based on the Joseph Campbell's Theory of Hero's Journey
mohsen shafie bafti Mahmoud Modaberi najme hosseini sarvari"The hero's journey", Joseph Campbell's famous theory, is influenced by Jung's ideas and based on Arnold van Gennep's ideas. Campbell has considered the three-phase pattern (separation, transition, and return) along with their subsets as his model. This pattern, along w More"The hero's journey", Joseph Campbell's famous theory, is influenced by Jung's ideas and based on Arnold van Gennep's ideas. Campbell has considered the three-phase pattern (separation, transition, and return) along with their subsets as his model. This pattern, along with other patterns that have emerged from it, is the basis of the archetypal criticism. In the present article, by using analytical-descriptive method, the story of "Zāl and Rudāba" of Shāhnāmeh is analyzed based on this pattern. The findings of the research show that the story is generally consistent with Campbell's hero's journey pattern, but its details and subcategories have differences with the pattern. In the story, the stage of the "belly of the whale" is not seen; There is no "temptation" in the stage of transition to prevent Zāl from continuing the journey; and in the stage of return, refusal of the return, magic flight, and crossing of the return threshold are not seen. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
73 - Psychological Separation from Parents and Academic Achievement: A Survey Based on Sexual and Cultural Differences
Parirokh Dadsetan Mohsen Haghbin Saeideh Bazaziyan Mohammad Reza H.TavakoliPsychological separation, a term referring to a process of acquiring a feeling of self-independence without detachment from one's parents has been proven to play a role in the development of psychological adjustment in many different cultures. In this research, the stat MorePsychological separation, a term referring to a process of acquiring a feeling of self-independence without detachment from one's parents has been proven to play a role in the development of psychological adjustment in many different cultures. In this research, the status of psychological separation and its quadruple components, namely: emotional, functional, conflictual and attitudinal, in relation to parents and their role in student academic achievement have been investigated. Based on data obtained from the Hoffman Psychological Separation Inventory (PSI), administered on a total of 174 unmarried available students of the Islamic Azad University, having separated from their parents in pursuit of their academic careers; the overall score of psychological separation along with its different facets were determined and the Academic Achievement Index (AAI) was assessed. Statistical Analysis of data revealed a significant difference between the two sexes, showing a higher degree of independence in boys in respect to the overall score of psychological separation in general and the component of emotional independence in particular. Regression measures of AAI against psychological separation was meaningful in boys, the percentage of predictable variance being 13. A verage score comparison of Iranian students with those of their foreign counterparts revealed a lower level of conflictual and functional independence and a higher level of attitudinal independence in the sample. Results suggest that special attention should be devoted to the different aspects of separation regarding type of independecy and gender of both, students and parents. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
74 - Preliminary Properties of Separation Anxiety Assessment Scale (Parent Version)
Naeime Talaeinejad Saeed Ghanbari MohammadAli Mazaheri Ali AsgariThe aim of the present study was to examine the psychometric properties of the Separation Anxiety Assessment Scale-ParentVersion (SAAS-P) (Hahn, Hajilian, Eisen, Winder, & Pincus, 2003) among 4-6 year old children. Three hundred and two preschool children selected MoreThe aim of the present study was to examine the psychometric properties of the Separation Anxiety Assessment Scale-ParentVersion (SAAS-P) (Hahn, Hajilian, Eisen, Winder, & Pincus, 2003) among 4-6 year old children. Three hundred and two preschool children selected by available sampling from sixteen kindergartens in district 1 of Tehran, Iran. The children’s mothers completed the SAAS-P and the Preschool Anxiety Scale (PAS) (Spence, Rapee, McDonald, & Ingram, 2001). The reliability of the scale was examined usingthe internal consistency estimation. All subscales of the SAAS-P displayed moderate to high internal consistency (0.62 to 0.74). In order to investigate the validity of the scale, factor analysis and concurrent validity were used. Concurrent validity of the scale was supported by high correlation with the Preschool Anxiety Scale. Explanatory and confirmatory factor analyse ssupported the four-factor model of the scale. The analyses of the psychometric properties suggested that the SAAS-P is a promising measure of separation anxiety that can be employed in clinical situations and to be used to screen children with separation anxiety. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
75 - کاهش ناحیه جدایش جریان هوا وتوربولانس در اطراف ایرفویل با استفاده از نیروهای حجمی
وحید منفرد غلامرضا تطهیری علیرضا انصاری محمد بیگدلی -
Open Access Article
76 - Determination of Composite System Adequacy Equivalents Using a Reduction Technique: a Case Study on a Regional Electric Company
Reza Keypour Hessam Golmohamadi M. S. Jahan Saeed Saeedi Asghar Akhundi -
Open Access Article
77 - COUPLING MODEL FOR MULTI-COMPONENT GAS PERMEATION PROCESS
A. Hussain A. Qayyum -
Open Access Article
78 - Comparing Aerodynamic Terminal Velocity of Open and Closed Mouth Pistachio Nuts Using Wind Column
Kobra Heidarbeigi Sadegh SamadiDetermining the terminal velocity as one of the important aerodynamic properties of particles and grains is essential for pneumatic separation, grading, and handling. A wind tunnel system was used in the present research to measure the aerodynamic terminal velocity of p MoreDetermining the terminal velocity as one of the important aerodynamic properties of particles and grains is essential for pneumatic separation, grading, and handling. A wind tunnel system was used in the present research to measure the aerodynamic terminal velocity of pistachio nuts. Some physical properties were measured and calculated. The effects of pistachio mouth status at four levels (closed, open, and semi-open mouth, and shell) were investigated on its terminal velocity. The volume, mass and density of that were 1.33±0.37 cm3, 0.97±0.31 g and 0.72±0.18 g cm3-1, respectively. The average aerodynamic terminal velocity of pistachio was 9.43±1.38 m s-1. The aerodynamic terminal velocity of the pistachio had a direct relationship with the studied physical characteristics, except for density. The terminal velocity of open-mouth pistachio nuts (9.50±0.61 m s-1) was significantly lower than that of closed (10.12±0.51 m s-1) and semi-open mouth (10.16±0.62 m s-1) nuts, with the terminal velocity of the shells (6.51±0.65 m s-1) showing the lowest values. The results revealed that terminal velocity can be considered for pneumatic separation of shells from pistachio nuts as well as the separation of open-mouth nuts from closed-mouth ones. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
79 - Roasting Process Optimization of Walnut Kernels for the Preparation of Walnut Cream Using Response Surface Methodology
Seyed Hamidreza Ziaolhagh Mostafa Mazaheri Tehrani Mohammad Ali Razavi Hassan Rashidi -
Open Access Article
80 - Review High-performance liquid chromatographic enantioseparation of drugs containing multiple chiral centers on chiral stationary phases
Jahanbaksh Ghasemi Mahmood Chamsaz Saeid Asadpour Ali Sarafraz Yazdi -
Open Access Article
81 - Effect of pH on Separation of Solid Content from Paint Contained Wastewater by a Coagulant-flocculant Compound
Mojtaba Semnani Rahbar Eskandar Alipour Reza Eskandari Sedighi Safoora Sajad Marzieh mohamadiani -
Open Access Article
82 - Nostalgia for the homeland in the 1st and 2nd volumes of The Mathnavi Ma'navi
maryam Jalali Kondelaji Parvindokht Mashhoor Akbar Sha'baniAbstract Nostalgia for the homeland, as an instinctive, natural and psychological state, appears in man when he loses some of the things that he possessed and yearns to regain them. Maulana Jalaloddin Balkhi was of the mystics MoreAbstract Nostalgia for the homeland, as an instinctive, natural and psychological state, appears in man when he loses some of the things that he possessed and yearns to regain them. Maulana Jalaloddin Balkhi was of the mystics who elaborated the remoteness of his beloved and homeland more profoundly in the first and second volumes of Mathnavi. In his speculation the descent of man and his strangeness in this world has several reasons. For this nostalgia, Maulana takes advantage of allegorical fables and makes the story more tangible. The mystic, ultimately finds his lost proprietorship which is the main home and land and spiritual world and attaining the real beloved. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
83 - Analysis of airflow on an airfoil using electro-hydrodynamic actuators
Mohammad Bigdeli Alireza Ansari Gholamreza Tathiri Vahid Monfared -
Open Access Article
84 - Searching the governing principles of humanitarian law in the 2023 Israeli attacks on Gaza
pooneh tabibzadeh mehdi zeinaldiniAbstract Armed attacks on military and civilian targets to achieve political expediency have long been a means of using force and power. This matter has attracted international attention for almost a century in the Palestinian land with the violence of the occupying Z MoreAbstract Armed attacks on military and civilian targets to achieve political expediency have long been a means of using force and power. This matter has attracted international attention for almost a century in the Palestinian land with the violence of the occupying Zionist regime of Israel against the Palestinian civilians. However, no international reaction from the Arab Muslim countries and the actions of the United Nations have been able to prevent the invasion and occupation of the oppressive Israeli regime. This has become an important factor in mobilizing the global public opinion of the nations against the heinous crimes against humanity of this regime. Israel's attacks on the Gaza Strip after October 7, 2023, for nearly four months continuously, have left more than tens of thousands of civilian dead in Gaza, while civilians are immune from military attacks by the warring parties according to the international rules of humanitarian law. . The parties, whether in the position of attack or in the position of defense, must support civilians according to the fundamental principles of the aforementioned rules. Despite these principles, committing massive human atrocities in the Gaza Strip against women and children has shown the failure of international law rules. And the criminal regime is murdering women and children by suggesting that the civilians of Gaza are no longer civilians with the help and assistance of the Hamas militant group and can be the target of military attacks. Now, in this article, by raising the question: Can the Zionist regime of Israel make Palestinian civilians a military target under the pretext of supporting the Hamas militant group? The necessary investigations are carried out with a descriptive and analytical method in relation to the fundamental principles of humanitarian rights. to show the violations of these rules by the Zionist regime of Israel. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
85 - The effect of source separation training on municipal waste reduction: A case study
Ali Maleki Marjaneh Kharrat Sadeghi -
Open Access Article
86 - WASTE MANAGEMENT PATTERN REGARDING SECTOR PARTICIPATION IN DISTRICT: A CASE STUDY
behrooz Eskandarpour Behnam Bagheri Reza Alayi -
Open Access Article
87 - Clinical report of reconstructive surgery of sacroiliac separation and iliac shaft fracture in dog
H.R Fattahian, M. Nasrolahzadeh Masoule, A.R. Hosseinzadeh,Sacroiliac luxation results when there is disruption of the articulation between the wing of the sacrum and iliacwing. This problem may be unilateral or bilateral. A two year-old, 9 kg weighting, male Spitz dog was referred toprivate clinic. Clinical signs were non-weig MoreSacroiliac luxation results when there is disruption of the articulation between the wing of the sacrum and iliacwing. This problem may be unilateral or bilateral. A two year-old, 9 kg weighting, male Spitz dog was referred toprivate clinic. Clinical signs were non-weight-bearing on hind-limbs, lameness, and loss of appetite and sever painon palpation.Sacroiliac separation and fracture of ilium were reconstructed using cortical screw and 2.7 plates respectively.Muscles, subcutaneous tissue, and skin of both sides were sutured routinely. Postoperative care was performedby broad-spectrum antibiotic and aspirin. The patient started weight bearing on day 4 after operation. Cliniciansshould reconstruct sacroiliac separation immediately because of nerve roots engagement following the sacroiliacseparation and pelvic fracture and likely secondary nerve root damage or disruption. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
88 - Design and Validation of Scale Measurement of Couple Problems in Abandoned Couples
Mahsa Danesh Ali Mohammad Nazari Ali JahangiriThe importance of the institution of the family is felt in the individual and social life of man. The purpose of this study is to construct and validate a questionnaire to assess couple problems in divorced couples under the auspices of the Relief Committee. For this pu MoreThe importance of the institution of the family is felt in the individual and social life of man. The purpose of this study is to construct and validate a questionnaire to assess couple problems in divorced couples under the auspices of the Relief Committee. For this purpose, first, using a phenomenological approach, the in-depth experiments of the participants' mental experiences were examined and the content of the indicators of couple problems was identified from the content of the interviews and finally a questionnaire was designed based on these indicators. Then, the measurement model for structural validity was presented and also divergent validity was examined. Then, using the least partial approach, the relationship between the research variables and the main research model was determined. The raw data obtained from the statistical population were analyzed using appropriate statistical techniques and Smart PLS and SPSS.22 software and analyzed in the form of information. To measure the significance of relationships, t-statistic has been calculated with bootstrapping technique and its results show that the severity of the effect of couple problems in abandoned couples with economic factors equal to 0.69, with psychological factors equal to 0.85, with socio-cultural factors Is equal to 0.83 and with religious factors is equal to 0.70. The results of the model show that the categories defined in the model obtained from the qualitative section were significant and the variables considered in each section also had a significant effect. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
89 - The effectiveness of group training of attachment-based intervention of mothers in reducing symptoms of separation anxiety of preschoolers
Naeimeh Talaie-Nejad Mohammad Ali Mazaheri Saeeid GhanbariFor a diagnosis in separation anxiety in children, the presence of at least three symptoms, associated with extreme concern about the separation of a person whom one is attached to, is essential. The aim of the current study was to determine the effectiveness of attachm MoreFor a diagnosis in separation anxiety in children, the presence of at least three symptoms, associated with extreme concern about the separation of a person whom one is attached to, is essential. The aim of the current study was to determine the effectiveness of attachment-based intervention on reducing the symptoms of this disorder. For this purpose, in a semi- experimental study pre-test and post-test along with the control group, 302 mothers who had children four to six years were chosen from available samples, their children’s separation anxiety was assessed through them. 25 mothers whom their children had the highest rate of separation anxiety were selected and were randomly assigned to two groups of experiment and control (12 patients in the experimental group and 13 in the control group). The Mothers of the experimental group participated in 8 sessions of attachment-based training, weekly. Mothers of both group, completed the measure of separation anxiety scale in children again, both after the training sessions, and in a two months follow up, after the completion of the study. The results of analysis of mixed variance indicated that the group training of attachment-based of mothers had caused a reduction in significance, in the overall scores of separation anxiety in children. Children of mothers in the experimental group indicated a significant reduction in the fear of being alone, fear of accidents and excessive use of safety signs. The results of this study can be used in clinical situations and problems in the treatment of children with separation anxiety problems. Manuscript profile
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