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Open Access Article
1 - Presentation of a policy model for the protection of depositors' rights in banking crises in Iran
mohammad javad pourasadi kaveh timor nezhad mohammad reza rabiey mand[inBackground: Paying attention to depositors' rights and policy-making is currently ambiguous and due to the economic complexity of identifying a model in order to safeguard the rights of customers and depositors. Purpose: The present study aims to develop a policy model MoreBackground: Paying attention to depositors' rights and policy-making is currently ambiguous and due to the economic complexity of identifying a model in order to safeguard the rights of customers and depositors. Purpose: The present study aims to develop a policy model to safeguard the rights of depositors in banking crises in Iran. Methods: Factor analysis, path analysis and interpretive structural modeling were used to achieve this goal. Findings: The findings of the study, after analyzing the content of 23 concepts, 5 categories and 97 indicators in the field of policy making and then inputting them into quantitative analysis using factor analysis which is necessary; Depositors as the primary strategy to modify or improve the laws related to depositors should be considered by policymakers and policy makers as the driving force behind the implementation conditions. Finally, the concepts and categories identified should be taken into account in order to safeguard the rights of depositors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Surveying and Assessing the role of the Media on Urban Tourism Development Using path analysis techniques
Ebrahim Alipour MOHAMMAD HASAN YAZDANI AHAD BIOUTEH AMIR HESAM DASHTITourism industry has significant and noticeable financial and social effects ( on society). In the meantime the mass media especially the television due to its capacities and functionalities such as informing the people ,education, entertainment ,satisfaction ,advertise MoreTourism industry has significant and noticeable financial and social effects ( on society). In the meantime the mass media especially the television due to its capacities and functionalities such as informing the people ,education, entertainment ,satisfaction ,advertisement, common mobilization and making culture can play a peerless role in tourism industry. The present research tries to declare the relation between the tourism advancement and also indexes relevant to media in Ardebil and Sarein cities. This research is fundamental due to its goal and the type of research and it describes the correlation between the variables and it has used the measurement method in its research execute .For sampling the simple random sampling method has been applied. The results of path analysis in this research shows that variables of target selection ,advertisement are the variables that directly affect on developing urban tourism .But, since the advertisement variable has been entered immediately in the equation immediately after the variable of tourism development as the internal dependant variable , so it has not any indirect effect on urban tourism development. The amount of direct impact of target selection ,advertisement and plan on the variable of urban tourism development are respectively ./289 , ./223, and ./213 which shows that for one unit change on the variable of target selection and advertisement the amount of urban tourism development has been changed respectively to ./289, ./223, ./213 . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Navigation in Determining the Physical Factors Affecting Creativity of Children's in Urban Parks
golrokh Koupaie mohammad Naghizadeh Farah Habib -
Open Access Article
4 - Ranking and Analysis of Factors Affecting the Sustainability of Urban Neighborhoods and in the City of Mahabad
Edris Porvazn Zeynab Karkehabadi Abbas Arghan -
Open Access Article
5 - Structural Modeling of Independence Factors of Separatist Regions and Their Impact on Promotion of Movements
Delshad khezri zahra pishghahi Ezzatolla EzzatiAbstract The world’s political map has under gone many changes since 1648 when, under the Treaty of Westphalia, great European powers officially recognized each state’s sovereignty over its own territory. In the twenty-first century, geopolitical thoughts an MoreAbstract The world’s political map has under gone many changes since 1648 when, under the Treaty of Westphalia, great European powers officially recognized each state’s sovereignty over its own territory. In the twenty-first century, geopolitical thoughts and developments will be centered around ethnicities and nationalities, as we are already witnessing the growth of independence-seeking movements in separatist regions of different geopolitical areas. The present study aimed to investigate and propose an operational model for the factors influencing the independence of separatist regions and its impact on self-awareness and the rise of separatist movements. The present research was a descriptive-analytical survey in which the data were collected through desk and field studies and then were analyzed using path analysis in LISREL. The results showed that political 80/48, military-security 78/34, and territorial factors 74/62, geo-economics 60/07, geopolitics 55/12, geoculture 50/76, and hydro-politics 47/38, respectively, had the most significant relationship with the independence of separatist regions. There was also a significant relationship between the independence of such regions and self-awareness and the rise of separatist movements.The results of model fit indices, indicated that the proposed model was well fitted with the sample data and was closely related to theoretical assumptions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Measuring effective indicators on quality of life with emphasis on community-based strategic planning in new towns Hashtgerd and Pardis case study
Abdollah Shadman Rahim Sarvar Yosefali ziareNew towns are communities and planned cities where all aspects of development begin before construction. The increase in the population of the country's metropolises, especially Tehran, has put the physical development of these cities in an unreasonable direction and ha MoreNew towns are communities and planned cities where all aspects of development begin before construction. The increase in the population of the country's metropolises, especially Tehran, has put the physical development of these cities in an unreasonable direction and has faced new problems for the lives of citizens and newly urbanized groups. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the effective indicators in the new towns of Pardis and Hashtgerd. The present study, according to the nature of the subject and its general purpose, is descriptive and analytical and was conducted with a questionnaire of 100 people. The variables were evaluated in 4 sections: social, cultural, infrastructure and leisure. Path analysis and regression were used to measure the quality of life. Findings show that a unit change in the standard deviation of the variable of mixing performance and activity and compatibility of activities, causes the standard deviation of the dependent variable (general area of worn tissue) to change by 83 and 77%. The results show that the leisure variable was the only variable that could only directly affect the quality of life. Of course, because this variable enters the equation immediately after the quality of life variable and is considered as an intermediate (internal) dependent variable, so it has no indirect effect on quality of life. Key words: New town, Hashtgerd, Pardis, path analysis.. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - An Investigation of Factors Affecting the Service Avoided by Rural ICT Centers in Isfahan Province
طهماسب Maghsoudi هانیه Davodi -
Open Access Article
8 - Determination of effective parameters on climate production functions for rainfed barley and sensitive analysis at cold and semi-cold regions of Lorestan province
Alireza Tavakoli Abdolmajid Liaghat Amin AlizadehIdentifying of effective parameters and planning for their management and coordinating agronomic operation with trend changes of effective parameters leads to improving production baseline and prediction for future. Plant growth and crop production under rainfed is a fu MoreIdentifying of effective parameters and planning for their management and coordinating agronomic operation with trend changes of effective parameters leads to improving production baseline and prediction for future. Plant growth and crop production under rainfed is a function of changes in climatic factors. In order to determination of climate-yield production functions, analyzed eight crop seasons data (1998-2006) of 25 climate parameters and rainfed barley grain yields of four cold and semi-cold regions of Lorestan province. These regions were including Aleshtar, Khoram-Abad, Aligodarz and Boroujerd. By path analysis method, correlation coefficient separated to direct and indirect effects. Results showed that in local and common models of production functions, the role of crop season vapor pressure deficit is very important. The local models necessary small input data but common model need more input data. Rain water productivity of all regions determined for eight crop seasons, and amounts of maximum, minimum and average of rain water productivity were 0.3, 0.15 and 0.224 kg per cubic precipitation, which its average was 6 percent lower than national average (0.239 kg.m-3). The maximum temperature, sunshine, absolute maximum temperature and crop season vapor pressure deficit parameters were the most sensitive parameters on grain yield prediction. We conducted the climate-yield models are useful tools to predict rainfed barley yield and so to assist managers and farmers for making decisions in rainfed agronomic activity under climate parameters changes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Identification of effective traits on sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) root yield under rhizoctonia natural infection condition
حیدر عزیزیIn order to identify the effective traits on root yield and also determine the cause and effect of the relationship between them, 20 different sugar beet cultivars in a RCB design with four replications for 11 important quantitative and qualitative traits including root MoreIn order to identify the effective traits on root yield and also determine the cause and effect of the relationship between them, 20 different sugar beet cultivars in a RCB design with four replications for 11 important quantitative and qualitative traits including root yield, sugar yield, sugar content, white sugar content, extraction coefficient of sugar, a-amino nitrogen, sodium, potassium, alkalinity and molasses sugar were evaluated. The results of analysis of variance showed that the difference between studied cultivars for amino nitrogen (a-N) all traits were significant at the 0.05 probability level and for other traits was important at the 0.01 probability level. Phenotypic and genotypic coefficients of variation for most traits were high, indicating relatively high variability in studied cultivars for evaluated traits. Correlation coefficients between traits showed that there was the most negative and significant correlation between root yield trait with sugar content (-0.62), whit sugar content (-0.53), alkalinity coefficient (-0.52), potassium (-049), sodium (-0.45) and also molasses sugar content (-049) traits, and the most positive and significant correlation with sugar yield (0.95) and extraction coefficient of sugar (0.58) traits, respectively. In multiple regression analysis by stepwise method, sugar content, amino nitrogen and alkalinity coefficient traits were entered into model, respectively, that explained 82 percent of root yield variations. Based on path analysis results, amino nitrogen (0.35) and white sugar content (-0.31) traits had the most and positive direct effect with root yield and thus , selection based on the mentioned traits can help us achieve high-yielding genotypes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Prediction of genetic variability and character contribution using path analysis in Curcuma longa L. germplasm
Renu Yadav R.K. Lal C.S. Chanotiya Karuna Shanker Pankhuri Gupta Shama Shukla -
Open Access Article
11 - Inheritance pattern and association study of agronomical traits in 47 elite accessions/genotypes of Opium poppy ( Papaver somniferum L.)
Rashmi Lahiri - Jyotshana A.K. Verma Karuna Shanker Raj Kishori Lal -
Open Access Article
12 - Relationship between Science Performance in Iranian Students Participating in TIMSS 2003 Study with Individual and Familial Factors
اعظم پهلوانصادق ولیالله فرزادThe present study was conducted to investigate the effects of exogenous variables Socioeconomic status of family, gender and endogenous variables science self-concept, attitude towards science on the science achievement. The research has used Iranian students data from MoreThe present study was conducted to investigate the effects of exogenous variables Socioeconomic status of family, gender and endogenous variables science self-concept, attitude towards science on the science achievement. The research has used Iranian students data from TIMSS 2003 . Path analysis showed that effect of science self-concept on science achievement was significant and direct and effect of this variable on attitude towards science was significant and indirect. Also effect of socioeconomic status of family on science self-concept and attitude towards science and science achievement was significant and direct. Effect of attitude towards science on science achievement was significant and direct and effect of gender on attitude towards science and science self-concept was significant and direct. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - Path analysis of yield and yield components in bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) under controlled and BCMV infection conditions
Mohammad Mojtaba Kamelmanesh Sasan Ghasemi Anita NamayandehIn order to study cause and effect of seed yield with some agronomical traits in bean genotypes, two experiments were conducted under field conditions. Twenty five common bean genotypes were sown in 2 separate RCB design with three replications under non-infected and in MoreIn order to study cause and effect of seed yield with some agronomical traits in bean genotypes, two experiments were conducted under field conditions. Twenty five common bean genotypes were sown in 2 separate RCB design with three replications under non-infected and infected conditions. First, phenotypic correlation coefficient of traits with each other was counted. At non-infected conditions number of secondary stem, harvest index, reproduction period and under infected conditions number of seeds in plant, number of seeds in pod and harvest index showed significant correlation with seed yield at 0.05 & 0.01 probability levels. Stepwise regression and then path analysis were used to determine the traits that were effective on seed yield. In stepwise regression analysis seed yield was the dependent and other traits were as independent variables. At non-infected conditions number of secondary stem, harvest index and main stem length were entered in regression model respectively and explained 84% of seed yield variations. In this manner, under infected conditions, harvest index, plant weight and number of seeds in pod justified 93% of seed yield variations. On the basis of achieved results, harvest index was introduced as profitable selection index at non-infected and infected conditions. In order to results of path analysis after harvest index at non-infected conditions number of secondary stem and at infected conditions number of seeds in pod were introduced as suitable indices. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - Effects of abiotic factors on population of Brevicoryne brassicae L. on canola crop in Varamin
A. A. Keyhanian M. V. TaghaddosiCabbage aphid, Brevicoryne brassicae L. is one of the most important insect pests of canola crop causing qualitative and quantitive damage by sucking plant sap. Field studies during 2001-2003 revealed that pest starts attacking the canola fields in different times of th MoreCabbage aphid, Brevicoryne brassicae L. is one of the most important insect pests of canola crop causing qualitative and quantitive damage by sucking plant sap. Field studies during 2001-2003 revealed that pest starts attacking the canola fields in different times of the season over the cultivation areas of the country. Under Tehran province (Varamin region) conditions initial infestation and the establishment of colonies of aphid were observed on young seedling of canola (winter crops) during November and subsequent spread of infestation occurred after cold period of winter in February and March. Maximum population of B. brassicae L. was recorded during April-May. The multiplication of the aphid is governed by day time abiotic factors like temperature, humidity, and sunshine. Path coefficient analysis of the impact of the abiotic factors showed that minimum temperature, minimum relative humidity and sunshine imposed direct positive effect on the pest. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - Studying Deliberate Learning Mechanisms to Stimulate Strategic Innovation Capacity
Rezavan SabzealiAfter reviewing the relevant literature that took place on strategic innovation capacity of a firm foundation of knowledge was revealed that researchers focus on the process and the network knowledge and emphasis is less on overall strategic approach. Structural studies MoreAfter reviewing the relevant literature that took place on strategic innovation capacity of a firm foundation of knowledge was revealed that researchers focus on the process and the network knowledge and emphasis is less on overall strategic approach. Structural studies and background information, the authors reinterpret capacity from a cognitive perspective stimulate and suggests that the mechanism can surround certain functions to detect deliberate re-integrate and exploit new ways to affect pricing. After analyzing the data using structural equation modeling techniques, deliberate learning mechanisms for recognition of strategic innovation capacity is not confirmed but the positive impact of deliberate learning mechanisms for the capture and exploitation of strategic innovation capacity has been approved. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - The Role of Motivational Aspects of Time Management on Creativity of Students at Tabriz University
Rahim Badri Gorgori Fariba HosseiniBackground: From a theoretical perspective, creativity has been defined as the production or generation of novel and valuable ideas, products, or processes by an individual or group. Creativity is a function of available time and is negatively related to time pressure e MoreBackground: From a theoretical perspective, creativity has been defined as the production or generation of novel and valuable ideas, products, or processes by an individual or group. Creativity is a function of available time and is negatively related to time pressure experienced. Objective: This research was conducted to determine the relation between perceived control of time, tenacity, preference for disorganization with creativity of students at the Tabriz University. Method: Some 240 students from Tabriz University were selected by random cluster sampling method. Data was gathered through Torrance tests of creative thinking and Time management attitude and motivational aspects scale. Data was analyzed by AMOS software and with path analysis. Findings: The results showed that creativity was predicted directly by perceived control of time (β=0/22) and preference for disorganization (β= -0/18). In addition, results showed although direct effects of the tenacity on creativity were not significant, but it had indirect effect on creativity by perceived control of time (β= -0/09). Conclusion: The results suggest that perceived control of time and preference for organization may be necessary for the effective exploitation of creative ideas. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - A Path Analysis of Factors Influencing the Development of Entrepreneurship Skills and Innovation in Rural Cooperatives of Alborz Province
azita zand Masoumeh Arfaee -
Open Access Article
18 - Determination of most effective traits on rice yield under normal and drought conditions
mohammadreza karim hossein sabouri mohammadali ebrahimi Somayyeh SanchouliIn order to evaluate the effect of drought stress on yield and the other related traits, 14 rice genotypes (including five varieties of landrace and introduced varieties) in a randomized complete block design with three replications in two environments without stress (f MoreIn order to evaluate the effect of drought stress on yield and the other related traits, 14 rice genotypes (including five varieties of landrace and introduced varieties) in a randomized complete block design with three replications in two environments without stress (flooding) and drought stress in the field Research located in Aliabad (under the supervision of Gonbad Kavous University) was studied. Irrigation of experimental farm in both the flood and drought were flooded until maximum tillering stage. Irrigation was performed every 25 days until the end of the season from 40 days after maximum Tillerin). Analysis of variance showed significant differences among genotypes for all traits in both conditions. The average yield of the genotypes in the normal and stress conditions lR83752-BB-12-3 and was Sepedroud. Panicle weight (0.85**) under stress (flooding) and root volume (0.98**) in drought stress conditions, the highest positive correlation with grain yield were Significant. Path analysis results showed that different traits were involved in justifying grain yield under non-stress and drought stress conditions, so that in non-stress condition, number of panicle and in drought condition, number of filled grain per panicle had the highest direct and positive effect on grain yield. In grouping cultivars based on cluster analysis using ward method, cultivars were divided into three groups under normal conditions and stress. The results of cluster analysis showed that Pegaso, IR83752-B-B-12-3 and Sepidrood cultivars, which had more volume, fresh weight and root dry weight than other cultivars, were in the drought tolerant group. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - Explaining the Patterns of Effective Factors on Supply Chain in the Offshore Sector of Oil and Gas Industry
Ahmadreza Etemadi Ahmadreza KasraeiToday, due to the ever-increasing competition between organizations and uncertain environments that have been created by many changes in customer needs, using an efficient supply chain can be considered as a competitive advantage for any organization. In this regard, on MoreToday, due to the ever-increasing competition between organizations and uncertain environments that have been created by many changes in customer needs, using an efficient supply chain can be considered as a competitive advantage for any organization. In this regard, one solution is lean approach. Lean approach helps to eliminate waste in the supply chain. On the other hand, based on the state of Iran and the abundance of oil and gas resources, the implementation of lean approach in the supply chain of the organizations operating in this field is very important.In order to conduct this study, that has been carried out in one of the largest companies operating in the offshore sector and the objective is to achieve an supply chain. First, by reviewing the literature, eight key factors that lead to the lean of the supply chain were identified and using the tool of the questionnaire and distributing between statistical sample and statistical analysis were effective. Then, using an interpretive structural modeling approach, the research model was developed. In the next step, the model was validated in quantitative and statistical analyzes as well as qualitative and based on it, the factors: financing, leadership and management, and communication with the supplier were identified as the most influential and minimizing the delivery time and flexibility were identified as the most impressive factor. Finally, some suggestions were made to achieve lean procurement process in the offshore sector of the oil and gas industry. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - Grouping of Late Maturing Corn Hybrids in Relation to some Agronomic Traits
S. Mohammadi L. Alivand F. Farahvash H. Hamzeh K. Anvari S. ArefiStudy the relationships of some agronomic traits with grain yield of 14 late maturing corn hybrids, an experiment based in RCBD with four replications was carried out at Miyandoab Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Station in 2009. Results showed that there wer MoreStudy the relationships of some agronomic traits with grain yield of 14 late maturing corn hybrids, an experiment based in RCBD with four replications was carried out at Miyandoab Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Station in 2009. Results showed that there were significant differences among corn hybrids for plant and ear height, number of kernel row and kernel numbers per ear, 1000 kernel weight, biological yield and grain yield. Hybrid KLM76005 × MO17 produced highest grain yield. Grain yield had high positive significant correlations with biological yield and harvest index. Stepwise regression analysis showed that traits like harvest index, biological yield and 1000 kernel weight justified the grain yield variation. Path analysis indicated that these traits had the highest positive direct and significant effect on grain yield. Based on the cluster analysis results, corn hybrids under study divided into 5 groups. Groups number 2 and 3 in cluster analysis did have higher mean values for effective traits on grain yield (harvest index, biological yield and 1000 kernel weight) as compared to the others. Grain yield had negative significant correlation with GDD at tasseling time and total GDD during growing season. Based on principle components analysis basic vector values two factors explained data total variation by 80.3 %. Based on results obtained it can be concluded that Hybrid KLM76005 × MO17 due to its higher biological yield and harvest index would be the best option to be recommended. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - Assesment of Relationships between Seed Yield and Some Morphophysiological Traits of Bread Wheat Genotypes under Rainfed and Supplementary Irrigation Conditions
Saman Motazedi Saeed Seifzadeh Reza HagParast HamidReza Zakerin Hamid Jabbari Jahanfar daneshianRelationship, between seed yield and it morphological characteristics and their relative importance in 25 bread wheat genotypes under both rain-fed and supplementary irrigation conditions studied using a randomized complete block design with three replications were eval MoreRelationship, between seed yield and it morphological characteristics and their relative importance in 25 bread wheat genotypes under both rain-fed and supplementary irrigation conditions studied using a randomized complete block design with three replications were evaluated during growing seasons of 2014 and 2016 at the Kermanshah’s Sararud Rainfed Agricultural Research Station. Analysis of variance showed that all traits under study, except spike length, exhibited significant differences in rainfed and supplementary irrigation condition. In supplementary irrigation conditions, these traits showed higher values as compared to those of rainfed condition. The application of supplementary irrigation resulted in reduced leaf and canopy temperatures. The coefficients of simple correlation between the traits, for both of the rain-fed and supplementary irrigation systems, indicated that cell membrane stability, flag leaf length, straw yield, relative water content, 1000 seed weight, chlorophyll content, leaf and canopy temperatures were maximally correlated with the seed yield. Traits like straw yield and flag leaf length were inserted into the regression model of rainfed irrigation condition and traits such as the straw yield, flag leaf length, relative water content and spike yield were also inserted into the regression model of supplementary irrigation condition the results demonstrated that the former traits accounted for 0.741 of the seed yield variations and the latter traits explained 0.899 of the seed yield variation. Path coefficient analysis showed highest positive direct effect on seed yield in rain-fed condition, and straw yield and flag leaf length, relative water content, flag leaf length and spike yield in supplementary irrigation condition. Based on the results of this study, straw yield was found to be the most important indicator to select for higher yielding varieties of wheat under both rainfed and supplementar irrigation conditions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - Evaluation of Correlation between Physiological and Morphological Traits with Yield in Hull- less Barley Lines
M.R. Dadashi A. Noorinia M. Askar Sh. AziziRelationships between grain yield and yield components in some hull-less barley lines were studied in experiment conducted in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications at the Research Station of Agriculture of Gorgan, Iran. During growth season several char MoreRelationships between grain yield and yield components in some hull-less barley lines were studied in experiment conducted in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications at the Research Station of Agriculture of Gorgan, Iran. During growth season several characteristics including plant height spike length, number of spike per m2, biological yield, number of total tillers, number of fertile tillers, number of kernel per spike, number of spikelet per spike, relative water content (RWC), coefficient of membrane stability (CMS), flag leaf area, Na/K ratio, grain yield, 1000 kernel weight and harvest index were measured. Results showed that stepwise multivariate analysis was the best suitable model in evaluating of the yield. Path analysis showed that correlation among characteristics which remained in the model was broken into direct and indirect effects. The results derived from correlation and path analysis indicated that almost 70% of the yield increase was due to the direct effect of 1000 kernel weight. Number of kernel per spike was positively significant and number of fertile tillage was also found to have positive and significant direct effect on yield, but number of fertile tiller indirectly affects by higher 1000 kernel weight. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - Study of Yield and Effective Traits in Bread Wheat Recombinant Inbred Lines (Triticum aestivum L.) under Water Deficit Condition
S. Mohammad zadeh S. Aharizad V. RashidiThe effects some traits on seed yield of recombinant inbred lines of wheat under water deficit stress was studied. This research was done at the Agricultural Research Stations, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz Branch in 2010- 2011. 28 recombinant inbred lines of wheat br MoreThe effects some traits on seed yield of recombinant inbred lines of wheat under water deficit stress was studied. This research was done at the Agricultural Research Stations, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz Branch in 2010- 2011. 28 recombinant inbred lines of wheat bread with two parents (Norstar and Zagros) in split plot experiment based on a randomized complete block design with three replications at two irrigation levels (70 and 140 mm evaporation from pan class A) were studied. Analysis of variance indicated a significant genetic differences in all traits under study among the lines. Lines No. 32, 163 and 182 produced highest yield under both irrigation levels. Number of spikes, grains per spike and harvest index had the highest positive correlation with grain yield. Path analysis based on stepwise regression showed that under the normal irrigation conditions, number spike (0.556), number of grains per spike (0.278), weight of 1000 grain (0.259) and the drought stress number spike (0.430), straw yield (0.276) and peduncle length (0.323) had the most direct and positive effect on yield respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - Evaluation of the Response of Bread Wheat Genotypes to Supplementary Irrigation with Respect to Grain Yield and some Agronomical and Physiological Traits
M. Kheiri M. Roostaei E. Zadhassan R. Dastbari R. Eslami M.B. Khorshidi BenamIn order to study the effect of supplementary irrigation on grain yield of 20 advanced bread wheat lines from population of recombinant inbred lines, selected from Azar2/87Zhong291, this experiment was conducted using randomized block design with three replications unde MoreIn order to study the effect of supplementary irrigation on grain yield of 20 advanced bread wheat lines from population of recombinant inbred lines, selected from Azar2/87Zhong291, this experiment was conducted using randomized block design with three replications under supplementary irrigation during 2008-09 seasons at the Dryland Agricultural Research Institute (DARI) of Maragheh. Characters under study were: days to heading, plant height, days to maturity, 1000 kernel weight, tiller number, spike length, seed number per spike, spikelet number per spike, peduncle length, leaf sheath length, grain and biologic yields. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences among genotypes with respect to the most of the traits studied. Results showed that the lines No. 4 and 16 with 3400 and 3680 kg/ha grain yield were significantly superior under supplementary irrigation conditions. Based on the results the traits such as leaf sheath length, seed number and spike weight, tiller number and HI showed positive and significant correlation with grain yield. Path analysis indicated that leaf sheath length, seed number per spike and 1000 kernel weight were important traits to select lines for high yield potential under supplementary irrigation condition, but days to maturity showed negative effect on grain yield. As a whole, the line no. 16 (Azar2/78Zhong291-53) with high yield (3680 kg/ha) under supplementary irrigation, early maturity, 1000 kernel weight and HI, can be selected as a suitable genotype. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - Evaluation of Some Morphological and Physiological Traits of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Lines and Cultivars
پریسا Moradiyan H. Kazemi Arbat M. Rezayi Morad AlaThis research was conducted to study the relation of some of physiological and morphological traits to grain yield and yield components in 11 lines and 4 cultivars (Oroum (C-83-7), Zareh (C-83-8), Mihan (C-84-8) and Zarrin) of Triticum aestivum in a randomized completel MoreThis research was conducted to study the relation of some of physiological and morphological traits to grain yield and yield components in 11 lines and 4 cultivars (Oroum (C-83-7), Zareh (C-83-8), Mihan (C-84-8) and Zarrin) of Triticum aestivum in a randomized completely black design with three replications at Research Station of Miyandoab during 2010-2011. The results of variance analysis indicated that there were among the lines and cultivars under study for plant height, the number of spikelet per spike, the number of grain per spike, the weight of grain per spike, weight of internode, spike length and the weight of spike at 1% probability level and for grain yield at 5% in probability. This shows that there was genetic variability among the genotypes for traits under study. The line of Zrn/shiroodi was found to be highest producer (9422 kg/ha). Results of back Ward regression method indicated that the number of spike per squared meter, the weight of other internodes and spikelet height accounted 15.5 of variations for grain yield. Results due to path analysis indicated that the grain yield was increased by increasing spike length (0.749) and the number of spike in squared meter (0.442). Cluster analysis using Ward method, based on the traits under study divided the genotypes into two groups. Thus it can be concluded that traits under study can be used in breeding programs to select promising and high yielding wheat genotypes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - Comparision of Lentil Landrace Genotypes for Grain Yield and its Component under Drought Stress and The Effects of Drought and Salinity stresses on Genotypes at their Vegetative Stages
Varahram Rashidi Saman Chalabyani Mahnaz Sharifi Ahmad BabazadehSalinity and drought are known as the most important abiotic stresses to reduce the growth and development of crops. To evaluate drought tolerance of lentil landrace genotypes at flowering stage, a split plot experiment based on randomized complete block design with fou MoreSalinity and drought are known as the most important abiotic stresses to reduce the growth and development of crops. To evaluate drought tolerance of lentil landrace genotypes at flowering stage, a split plot experiment based on randomized complete block design with four replications was conducted at the Agricultural Faculty of Islamic Azad University, Tabriz branch, during 2012-2013. Combined variance analysis of data showed that genotype × drought stress interaction was significant for all traits under study. This indicates different response of, genotypes to drought stress for these traits. Mean comparison of yield for genotype × drought interaction showed significant yield reduction for all genotypes under drought stress as compared to non-stress conditions. However, Shavi Varzeghan genotype under both stress and non-stress conditions, showed better response than other genotypes. To evaluate tolerance of of lentil landrace genotypes to salinity and drought stresses, a factorial experiments based on completely randomized design with three replications was conducted in 2013 at the greenhouse of Tabriz Azad University. Factors in this experiment were: drought stress at two level (control and irrigation for 50% of field capacity); two salinity levels (control and 4 ds/m salinity) and 7 lentil landrace genotypes. Analysis of variance showed that three way interactions of genotype ×drought × salinity was significant only for root length which indicates different response of genotypes for this trait for salinity and drought stresses. The effect of salinity and drought stress levels on all traits was significant which indicates reduction in traits value under salinity and drought stresses.Estimation of simple correlation among traits showed that, shoot length and number of shoot correlated pasitively with shoot dry weight and root dry weight with root length and number of lateral roots. Cluster analysis divided genotypes into two clusters. The second cluster consisted to Kaleybar, Horand and ShaviVarzeghan genotypes. These genotypes were tolerant as compared to the other genotypes during vegetative growth stage.The regression and path analysis for shoot dry weight showed number of lateral roots had the highest direct and indirect effect on shoot dry weight under drought and salinity stress. Cluster analysis of traits, divided genotypes into two clusters. The second cluster were Kaleybar, Horand and Shavi Varzeghan genotypes. These genotypes had higher mean values for the traits under study and could be tolerant genotypes for drought and salinity stresses at vegetative growth stage. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - Relationship Between Yield and Yield Components of Maize Hybrids under Different Irrigation
جمیله Seyedzavar M. Norouzi S. Aharizad A. BandehhaghTo evaluation the response of some maize hybrids to water deficit stress, a field experiment in 2010 was conducted using a split-plot plan on the basis of complete randomized block design with four replications at the Agricultural Research Station, University of Tabriz MoreTo evaluation the response of some maize hybrids to water deficit stress, a field experiment in 2010 was conducted using a split-plot plan on the basis of complete randomized block design with four replications at the Agricultural Research Station, University of Tabriz (Khalatpoushan). Main plots consisted of three different irrigation regimes (non-stress, mid-stress and sever-stress) and sub plots of 14 maize hybrids. Results showed significant differences among hybrids and irrigation regimes for all traits studied. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences among hybrids and also irrigation levels for all traits except ear diameter. The best model for stepwise regression based on all traits at the average of conditions, indicated that four responsible traits like number of rows per ear, 300-grain weight, number of grains per row and number of leaves per plant remained in model, which justified 83 percent of the total variations in yield performance. The path analysis showed that the number of rows per ear had the highest direct effect on yield. Based on principal component analysis the first component had a major factor on the weight of 300 seeds, plant height, ear length, flag leaf area, ear diameter and corn cob diameter and the second component had a big factor on plant dry weight, number of kernels per row, number of leaves per plant, number of rows per ear and grain yield. Principal component analysis (PCA), based on all of traits studied determined two principal components that could justify the 78 percent of vaiations. In this research the first component named as the growth-morphological factor and second component named as the yield factor. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - Assessment of Maize Yield (S.C. 704) Responses to Appropriate Planting Date and Deficit Irrigation Using Multivariate Analysis
Babak Mirshekarnezhad Farzad Paknejad Mohammad Nabi IlkaeeArid and semiarid climate in many parts of Iran dictates the employment of agronomic practices. With this approach, a statistical experiment was set up in split-plot based on randomized complete block design with three replicates during 2015 and 2016 cropping seasons. T MoreArid and semiarid climate in many parts of Iran dictates the employment of agronomic practices. With this approach, a statistical experiment was set up in split-plot based on randomized complete block design with three replicates during 2015 and 2016 cropping seasons. The experiment took place in College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran. Experimental treatments scheduled on three planting dates: (21st April, 11th May and 31th May) and four irrigation regimes: I100: 100%ETc, I80: 80%ETc, I60: 60%ETc and I40: 40%ETc, based on plant water need. The highest value of water productivity of economical yield (1.19 kg.m-3) and the greatest value of water productivity of biological yield (1.03 kg.m-3) obtained in early-planting date in both years, respectively. Path analysis showed that ear weight with direct effect (1.27) and water productivity of biological yield (0.973), positively contributed to the final yield determination under irrigation regimes I100 and I60, respectively. According to principal component analysis (PCA), the variables such as grain yield, ear weight, biological yield, total number of grain, kernel weight and harvest index as agronomic traits in PC1 and water productivity of economical yield and biological yield as physiological traits in PC2 were accounted for 70% of the final yield variations in total. Due to interactions of planting date and irrigation level on the grain yield (p ≤ 0.01), early planting of grain maize and deficit irrigation management as early season strategies will have great potential to achieve optimal yield and higher water productivity by mitigating early abiotic factors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
29 - Determination of Some Effective Traits on Corn (Zea mays L.) Yield by Using Biofertilizer under Water Deficit Stress Conditions
M. Hosseini A. Roozbahani امین AzadiTo identify the most effective traits on corn yield by using biofertilizer under water deficit stress, an experiment was carried out in split plot based on randomized complete block design with three replications in Hashtgerd region in 2012. In this experiment, water MoreTo identify the most effective traits on corn yield by using biofertilizer under water deficit stress, an experiment was carried out in split plot based on randomized complete block design with three replications in Hashtgerd region in 2012. In this experiment, water deficit stress, as the main factor, consisted of four levels (control, stress at flowering, stress at grain filling and stress at both flowering and grain filling stages). Biological fertilizers as sub-plot consisted of four levels of biological fertilizer applications (control, application of Nytrazhyn, application of Barvar 2 fertile and application of both fertilizer Nytrazhyn and Barvar 2). Traits evaluated were seed yield, harvest index, 100 seed weight, number of ears per square meter, number of rows per ear, number of seed per row, weight, diameter and length of seeds. To determine the most effective traits simple correlation, stepwise regression analysis, path analysis and principal component analysis were performed. Multivariate analysis showed that harvest index, 100 grain weight and number of ears per square meter were highly effective on grain yield. They explained 77% and 66% of the total variance under both normal and drought stress conditions respectivly. The highest direct positive effect was related to harvest index under both conditions. To improving seed yielding potential of corn under water deficite cinditions emphasis should be placed mainly on the selection of genotypes with higher harvest indices. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
30 - Using Wheat Chromosomal Substitution Lines to Study Relationship between Yield and its Components under Water-Stress and Non-Stress Conditions
Masoud Golestani Shahram MohammadyTo evaluate relationship between grain yield and its components, two series of wheat`s substitution lines including substitution lines of ‘Timstein’ into genetic background of ‘Chinese Spring’ and ‘Red Egyptian’ into genetic backgroun MoreTo evaluate relationship between grain yield and its components, two series of wheat`s substitution lines including substitution lines of ‘Timstein’ into genetic background of ‘Chinese Spring’ and ‘Red Egyptian’ into genetic background of ‘Chinese Spring’ and their parents were tested in a randomized complete block design with four replications under water-stress and non-stress conditions in a greenhouse in 2014. Stepwise regression analyses showed that yield components contributions for seed yield variation were not similar under water-stress and non-stress conditions. So that, under non-stress condition biological yield and harvest index and under water-stress condition the number of seeds per spike and number of spikes explained a higher percentage of variations for grain yield. Biological yield and harvest index were entered into model in three cases out of four regression analyses (two substitution lines series and two conditions) and thus it was deduced that these two traits are the most stable traits in explaining the variations observed for seed yield.Path coefficient analysis showed that biological yield and harvest index had direct and equal effects on seed yield at non-stress condition for two substitution line series. The highest direct effects on seed yield under stress condition for ‘Timstein’ substitution line series belonged to biological yield and harvest index and for ‘Red Egyptian’ substitution lines belonged to the number of seeds per spike and number of spikes. Cluster analysis, based on Ward method and by using Euclidian distance, classified two substitution line series under water-stress and non-stress conditions in three groups. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
31 - Identify Traits Affecting Grain Yield in Bread Wheat Recombinant Inbred Lines under Drought Stress
Hosein Nazari Saeid Aharizad Mohammad MoghaddamVahed Mahmood ToorchiTo identify the effectis traits on grain yield under normal irrigation and water deficit conditions, 65 wheat recombinant inbred lines derived from the crossing of Yecora Rojo American cultivar (a high yielder, dwarf and early) and No.49 Iranian line (medium yielder, ta MoreTo identify the effectis traits on grain yield under normal irrigation and water deficit conditions, 65 wheat recombinant inbred lines derived from the crossing of Yecora Rojo American cultivar (a high yielder, dwarf and early) and No.49 Iranian line (medium yielder, tall and late) split-plot experiments based on randomized complete bloks design with two replications was performed at Agriculture Research Station, University of Tabriz, in 2013. Irrigation levels were considered as main factor and lines as sub factor. The analysis of variance showed that the differences among irrigation levels for grain yield, plant height, peduncle length, root volume and root weight were significant. The differences among wheat lines and intraction between line irrigation levels for all of the traits were also significant. Under normal irrigation condition, grain yield had significant an positieve correlation with plant height, highest spike, number of seeds per spike, peduncle length, 1000 seed weight, spike length, straw yield and root length. Under drought stress condition, grain yield had significant and positive correlation with the number of grains per spike, number of fertile spikes, peduncle length, root length and straw yield. Path analysis, based on the stepwise regression method, revealed that the plant height, peduncle length, number of grains per spike, straw yield, number of fertile spike and root length undernormal irrigation condition and number of grains per spike, 1000 grain weight, number of fertile spikes, root length and root weight under water condition were effective traits on seed yield. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
32 - Path Analysis for Grain Yield on Populations of Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare M.) under Normal and Water Deficit Stress Conditions
Milad Ghasemi S. Aharizad Majid Norouzi Ali Bandehagh Roghayeh AzhdariSince the global approach to herbal medicine and chemical away from drugs, more attention to medicinal plants, is required. Fennel with variety of secondary metabolites in the treatment of flatulence, cough, digestive disorders and increases milk, used as one of the imp MoreSince the global approach to herbal medicine and chemical away from drugs, more attention to medicinal plants, is required. Fennel with variety of secondary metabolites in the treatment of flatulence, cough, digestive disorders and increases milk, used as one of the important medicinal plants. Drought stress is one of the most important non-polluting environmental stresses affecting crop production. To study the direct and indirect effects of evaluated traits on grain yield of fennel, an experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design in two control and limited irrigation conditions separately with three replications on 19 fennel populations in the Agricultural Research Station, University of Tabriz. Combined analysis of variance revealed a significant differences between two irrigation conditions and evaluated populations at %1 probability level for some studied traits. As well as the population × conditions interaction effect was significant at 1% probability level for most traits. Correlations of grain yield with number of umbel in plant, plant height, internode number and biomass were significant positively in both irrigation conditions. Stepwise regression analysis showed that the number of grain per umbel and the number of umbel per plant, have the greatest impact on grain yield under optimum irrigation (R2=0.88). Also in the water deficit condition, number of umbels per plant and plant height had the greatest impact on grain yield (R2=0.60). Path analysis revealed that the number of umbel per plant had greatest direct effect on grain yield under control (0.90) and stress (0.53) condition respectively. Whereas the indirect effects were very inconsiderable in both conditions, therefore it is suggested that to selection of superlative populations for grain yield, the number of umbel per plant should be considered. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
33 - Effect of Water Deficit Stress on Yield and Yield Components in Corn Using Path Analysis
Y. Momeni H. MonirifarThis experiment was conducted to study the effects of water deficit stress on yield and yield components of four corn hybrids. The experiment was laid out in split plot using randomized complete block design with three replications. This experiment was carried out at ea MoreThis experiment was conducted to study the effects of water deficit stress on yield and yield components of four corn hybrids. The experiment was laid out in split plot using randomized complete block design with three replications. This experiment was carried out at east Azarbayjan Agriculture and Natural Resources Research Center in 2008. Treatments consisted of four irrigation levels (without stress, water stress at 6-7 leaves stage, stress at anthesis stage and stress at kernel filling stage) as main plots, and four corn hybrids (single crosses 704, 604, 500 and double cross 370) as sub-plots. Results of data analysis revealed that in general, most of the traits under stress conditions had negative and significant correlation whit grain yield. Results of stepwise regression and path analysis showed that under average conditions, selection for higher ear weight may improve yielding ability of selected genotypes. Under average conditions ear weight had greatest positive direct effect on grain yield, and positive indirect effects through ear diameter, plant high, mean stem diameter and cob weight on grain yield. Water deficit stress at 6-7 leaves stage, ear weight had greatest positive direct effect on grain yield and indirect effects through plant height, length of tassel and ear length on grain yield. Water deficit at kernel filling stage 300-kernel weight had greatest positive direct effect on grain yield, and positive in direct effects through number of grain and kernel depth on grain yield. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
34 - Evaluation of the Effects of Some Mrphophysiolocal Traits on Seed Yield of Winter Wheat Genotypes
Babak Hooshmandi Vrahram RashidiTo evaluate the effects of some morphologic and physiologic traits on seed yield of 15 winter wheat genotypes and landraces an experiment on the basis of randomized complete block design with four replications was conducted at the Agricultural Research Field of Islamic MoreTo evaluate the effects of some morphologic and physiologic traits on seed yield of 15 winter wheat genotypes and landraces an experiment on the basis of randomized complete block design with four replications was conducted at the Agricultural Research Field of Islamic Azad University of Tabriz branch in 2012-2013. Analysis of variance showed that traits like plant height, peduncle length, spike length, number of kernel spike, spike density, number of unfertile tiller, 1000 kernel weight, seed yield, harvest index, biological yield and relative water content of flag leaf were significant It was also indicated that kernel no. per spike, spike density, fertile tiller no., 1000 kernel weight, harvest index and biological yield were positively correlated with seed yields. Results of path analysis also showed that the direct effect of harvest index and relative water content of flag leaf on grain yield were positive but the direct effect of spike length on grain yield was negative. Cluster analysis of WARD method, divided genotypes into two groups. The results also specified that genotypes 7, 4 and 13 were higher seed yielder than other genotypes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
35 - Study of Genetic Variation in Durum Wheat Genotypes for Agronomic Traits under Rainfed Conditions
A. Soleymanifard, R. NaseriTo evaluate genetic variation for some yield related traits in 16 durum wheat genotypes under rainfed conditions an experiment based on randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replications was conducted at the Agricultural Research Station of Ilam, Iran, durin MoreTo evaluate genetic variation for some yield related traits in 16 durum wheat genotypes under rainfed conditions an experiment based on randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replications was conducted at the Agricultural Research Station of Ilam, Iran, during growing season of 2006-2007. Traits under study were: plant height, peduncle length, spike length, grains per spike, 1000 grain weight, spike per m2, grain yield, biological yield and harvest index. The results showed that genotypes were significantly different as to the traits studied. The step-wise regression indicated that 75 percent of variation in grain yield under drought stress is explained by spike per m2, 1000 grain weight and plant height. Path analysis of coefficients showed that the direct effects of number of spike per m2 and 1000 grain weight on grain yield were high and positive. According to cluster analysis the genotypes were classified into 3 clusters. Mean comparisons of traits indicated that genotypes belonging to group 2 were superior in grain yield, spike per m2 and 1000 grain weight which are important traits durum wheat breeding programs to be considered in drought stress. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
36 - Evaluating the Relationships among Traits in Thyme (Thymus daenensis subsp. Daenensis) Ecotypes under Non-Stress and Drought Stress Conditions
Masoud GolestaniTo study the relationships among traits of thyme ecotypes, two experiments under non-stress and drought stress conditions were carried out using randomized complete block design with four replications in Abarkouh during 2017-2018 cropping season. Correlation analysis wa MoreTo study the relationships among traits of thyme ecotypes, two experiments under non-stress and drought stress conditions were carried out using randomized complete block design with four replications in Abarkouh during 2017-2018 cropping season. Correlation analysis was used for evaluation of relationships among traits. Stepwise regression and path analysis were used for determination of effective traits on shoot dry weight and for determination of direct and indirect effects on shoot dry weight, respectively. Factor analysis was used for identifying factors that produce special correlations among measured variables. Correlation coefficients among traits showed that there were significant positive correlation among traits like shoot fresh and dry weight with maximum and minimum diameter of canopy, canopy area, leaf length, number of stems per plant and essential oil yield under both conditions. The result of stepwise regression showed that canopy area, leaf width, leaf length, number of flower in inflorescence and number of days to 50% of flowering under non-stress condition and canopy area, leaf width, leaf length and number of days to 50% of flowering under stress condition were entered to the stepwise regression model. The result of path analysis under both conditions showed that canopy area had the highest direct and positive effect on shoot dry weight and leaf width and negative effect on shoot dry weight. Based on factor analysis, three factors were selected and these factors explained 76% of total variation under both conditions and traits such as shoot fresh and dry weight, maximum and minimum diameter of canopy, canopy area, leaf length, number of stems per plant and essential oil yield were main components of these factors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
37 - Response of Barley Double Haploid Lines to the Grain Yield and Morphological Traits under Water Deficit Stress Conditions
Maroof Khalily Saeid Aharizad Alireza PoraboghadarehTo study the relationships of grain yield and some of agro-morphological traits in 40 doubled haploid (DH) lines along with parental and three check genotypes in a randomized complete block design with two replications under two water regimes (normal and stress) were ev MoreTo study the relationships of grain yield and some of agro-morphological traits in 40 doubled haploid (DH) lines along with parental and three check genotypes in a randomized complete block design with two replications under two water regimes (normal and stress) were evaluated during 2011-2012 and 2012-2013 growing seasons. Combined analysis of variance showed significant difference for all the traits in terms of the year, water regimes, lines, and and line × year. Comparison of group means, between non-stress and stress conditions, showed that DH lines had the lowest reduction percentage for the number of grains per spike, thousand grain weight, grain yield and biological yield as opposed to check genotypes. The correlation between grain yield with biological yield, harvest index, thousand grain weight, and hectoliter of kernel weight in both conditions, were highly significant and positive. Based on stepwise regression the peduncle length, number of seeds per spike, thousand seed weight, and hectoliter of kernel weight had important effect on increasing seed yield. The result of path analysis showed that these traits had the highest direct effect on grain yield. Based on mean comparisons of morphological characters as well as STI and GMP indices it can be concluded that lines No.11, 13, 14, 24, 29, 30, 35 and 39 were distinguished to be desirable lines for grain yield and their related traits and also tolerant lines in terms of response to drought stress conditions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
38 - Relationships of Phenology and Physiological Traits with the Yield of Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) in Northern Khorasan
Abbas Frooghi Abbas Biyabani Ali Rahemi Karizaki Gorbanali RassamTo investigate relationships among physiological traits of 20 rapeseed cultivars, an experiment was conducted at the Research Farm of Agricultural Faculty of Shirvan in Northern Khorasan in Iran, in 2014-2015. The experiment used was a randomized complete block design w MoreTo investigate relationships among physiological traits of 20 rapeseed cultivars, an experiment was conducted at the Research Farm of Agricultural Faculty of Shirvan in Northern Khorasan in Iran, in 2014-2015. The experiment used was a randomized complete block design with four replications. Results showed that there were significant differences among cultivars for seed and biological yield, the number of pod/plant and seed/pod, 1000 seed weight, harvest index, days to germination, seedling, rosette, shooting, flowering time, end of flowering, pod formation time, end of pod formation, seed filling time and physiological maturity among the traits of rapeseed under study. The highest yield belonged to Traviata (513.56 g/m2) but did not have significant difference with Kodiak, Bilbao, L72 and SW102. The lowest yield belonged to Shirali cultivar (344.41 g.m-2) but it also did not have significant difference with Zarfam and Sarigol cultivars. Positive and significant correlation was observed for seed and biological yields, number of pods/plant and seeds/pod, seed weight, harvest index, the number of days to flowering, flowering end, beginning pod formation, ending pod formation, beginning seed filling, plant height and seed filling rate, but correlations were negative between seed yield and seed filling period and day to emergence and rosette. According to stepwise regression, seed yield was considered as dependent variable and other traits as independent ones. Positive direct effects of harvest index and biological yield and also positive indirect effect of biological yield on number of pod/plant and positive indirect effect number of pod/plant on harvest index were the traits that can be used for selection of high yielding genotypes. Path analysis revealed that traits like seed weight and seed number per unit, seed number and seed weight are its determiners of seed yield. The results also showed that seed filling rate is more effect than seed filling period in determination of seed weight. Regression analysis also showed that by increasing temperature, seed filling period was decreased by 1.54 days and seed filling rate increased 0.004 mg/grain.day-1 centigrad-1. Based on these results it could be concluded that genotypes varied significantly for the rate and duration of seed filling. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
39 - The Perspective of Female National Hero Athlete about Gender Inequality in Sport
Masoumeh Nazari azad Akbar Talebpour Majid KashaniConsideration of gender inequality among female athletes is considered as one of the grounds for discovering women's interest in sports.The present study uses theories in this field such as theories; gender socialization, gender inequalities, sociology in the form of co MoreConsideration of gender inequality among female athletes is considered as one of the grounds for discovering women's interest in sports.The present study uses theories in this field such as theories; gender socialization, gender inequalities, sociology in the form of consciousness of the thirty Wright Mills, Collins Contradiction Theory, Bloomberg Gender Inequality Theory, Chapters Gender Equality Theory, Gender Equity Theory and Physiological Barriers Theory is based on an analytical model to explain the perception of gender inequality in sport. Based on research model, independent variables, socio- Economic, values and norms Social, pattern of parents, type of exercise, women, women's education, using the media as dependent variables affecting the perception of inequality in sports were selected. The method of this study was to use a survey method among female athletes at the national and transnational level as a statistical population. 200 of them were selected as a statistical sample by random sampling. The research instrument was a questionnaire and its reliability was confirmed using Cronbach's alpha. The findings of the research were analyzed using multiple regression analysis and path analysis. Results of multiple regression analysis showed variables; socio-economic status, social values and norms, parental modeling, women's education and media use respectively The most effect on the dependent variable has been investigated and, in total, more than 48% of the variations of the function variable have been explained. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
40 - The Study of the Effects of Knowledge Management (KM) on Customer Relationship Management (CRM) in Refah Bank (case study: Kurdistan Province)
Adel Salavati Parviz Kafcheh Kayvan SalehpoorThis article studies the effects of knowledge management on customer relationship management. Our research method is descriptive and survey in nature. The statistical population is composed of all the employees serving in all the branches of Refah Bank across Kurdistan MoreThis article studies the effects of knowledge management on customer relationship management. Our research method is descriptive and survey in nature. The statistical population is composed of all the employees serving in all the branches of Refah Bank across Kurdistan totaling 180 people. In this study, we applied Principal Components Analysis (PCA) and structural relations (LISREL) to explore the factors and expand the items of our questionnaire. Our data were analyzed through path analysis and the Model of Structural Equations. The findings of our research indicate that knowledge management has got some positive and meaningful effects on different aspects of managing relations with customers (i.e., customer satisfaction, customer loyalty, customer absorption, and interaction) through knowledge resources. According to our findings, the highest rate of effectiveness of knowledge management has been on customer satisfaction followed by other variables including customer loyalty, absorption, and interaction with customer, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
41 - A Study on the Political Participation and its Effective Factors Among High School Students
Mousa Tayabinia Asadollah Naghdi -
Open Access Article
42 - Studying the effect of evapotranspiration on the temperature near the surface of the earth using the LCZ algorithm in Tehran and Alborz provinces.
Ali teymoori Saeed Jahanbakhsh Ali mohammad Khorshid DostEarth surface temperature changes can affect various environmental factors and elements, and by affecting bioclimatic comfort, energy consumption, plant and animal phenology, air pollutant concentration, soil and air moisture density, and other environmental factors can MoreEarth surface temperature changes can affect various environmental factors and elements, and by affecting bioclimatic comfort, energy consumption, plant and animal phenology, air pollutant concentration, soil and air moisture density, and other environmental factors can also be affected by these factors.In this research, in order to investigate the role of actual evaporation-transpiration on the temperature of the earth's surface at ten meters, the variables of carbon monoxide, water vapor density, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, ozone, water vapor pressure and wind speed in twelve uses With the help of LCZ algorithm, determined for Tehran and Alborz provinces, have been studied and investigated.The studied area has a high potential for the occurrence of thermal islands due to special geographical conditions such as location, variety of man-made structures and special ecological conditions. In this research, according to the impact of the studied variables and the need to examine the relationships between them, hierarchical clustering in a combined manner, path analysis method and remote sensing techniques have been used. According to the obtained results, among the studied variables, actual evaporation-transpiration in none of the uses had a significant effect on increasing or decreasing the temperature of the ground surface at 10 meters. Water vapor pressure in class 14 (areas with grassy vegetation) shows the greatest effect in increasing the temperature of the earth's surface.Based on the obtained results, the type of use is highly dependent on the impact of the studied variables on the surface temperature of the earth. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
43 - Determination of the most important traits affecting the electrolyte leakage of wild pear (Pyrus biossieriana Buhse) under drought stress conditions using multivariate statistical methods
seyed morteza zahedi Mahdieh Karimi Farzad Kian ErsiWild pears are an important rootstock for different pear cultivars and considering it is nearly tolerant to drought stress it is necessary to use different treatments to increase its tolerance to drought stress. Electrolytes leakage is an important and effective factor MoreWild pears are an important rootstock for different pear cultivars and considering it is nearly tolerant to drought stress it is necessary to use different treatments to increase its tolerance to drought stress. Electrolytes leakage is an important and effective factor in response to drought stress and related traits. For this purpose, a factorial experiment was designed in a randomized complete blocks design with three replications to identify the traits affecting electrolytes leakage. These traits were studied in 12 treatments including different levels of drought stress and different concentrations of brassinosteroids on wild pears in spring and summer of 2017 in greenhouse conditions. The result showed a positive significant correlation between proline content (0.83**), malondialdehyde (0.98**), hydrogen peroxide and electrolyte leakage. The correlation for dry weight of root, leaf and stem, height growth, chlorophyll a, b and carotenoid was significantly negative. Stepwise regression analysis indicated that chlorophyll a, leaf dry weight, height growth and hydrogen peroxide were the most important effective traits on electrolytes leakage and showed 99% of total variance. Based on the path analysis results, the traits of electrolytes leakage and height growth and chlorophyll a showed the maximum positive direct and significant at p Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
44 - Investigating agrotechnological features affecting sugar yield of Beta vulgaris L. in different planting dates for cultivar selection in northwest of Iran
Esmail Nabizadeh Farhang Movloudi Heydar AziziIn order to identify the agrotechnological features on sugar yield and determine the cause and effect relationships between them, 13 different domestic and foreign monogerm varieties of sugar beet were evaluated in a completely randomized design with four replications i MoreIn order to identify the agrotechnological features on sugar yield and determine the cause and effect relationships between them, 13 different domestic and foreign monogerm varieties of sugar beet were evaluated in a completely randomized design with four replications in terms of 11 important quantitative and qualitative traits in the station Miandoab Agricultural Research Station during three different harvest dates (October 15, October 30, and November 15) in the crop year 2017. The results of analysis of variance showed that the differences between the studied cultivars in terms of all evaluated traits were significant at p≤0.01. Phenotypic and genotypic diversity coefficients were high for most of the traits, which indicates relatively high diversity in the studied cultivars for the evaluated traits. The genetic correlation coefficients between the traits showed that the highest positive and significant correlation was between the sugar yield trait and the pure sugar yield traits (0.88), gross sugar percentage (0.71), and pure sugar percentage (0.65) in this order while there was a negative and significant correlation between the sugar yield trait and the traits of molasses sugar content (-0.62), alkalinity coefficient (-0.58), and root potassium content (-0.52). In the step-by-step multiple regression analysis, sugar percentage traits, gross sugar percentage, harmful nitrogen content and root yield were entered into the regression model in that order, which justified 84% of the total sugar yield. Based on the results of causality analysis, the traits of gross sugar percentage (1.12) and root yield (1.03) respectively had the most direct effect on sugar yield, so selection based on these traits can help us achieve the genotypes with high sugar yields. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
45 - Path analysis of grain yield, its components, and some morphological characterstics in spring safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.)
محمدرضا Dadashi, علیرضا Ahmadzade ابوالقاسم Mohammadi BandarKheyli بهرام AlizadeIn order to study the correlation between grain yield and its components with some morphological characterstics, an experiment was conducted at the research station of Faculty of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University–Shabestar Branch in 2005. This experiment was ar MoreIn order to study the correlation between grain yield and its components with some morphological characterstics, an experiment was conducted at the research station of Faculty of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University–Shabestar Branch in 2005. This experiment was arranged in a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications, and 15 traits were measured. The results of analysis of variance showed that significant difference exist among genotypes in almost traits. Positive and significant relationships were found among grain yield with plant height, hectoliter weight, biological yield and oil yield but non-significant relationship was seen among grain yield with number of head per plant and oil percentage. Stepwise regression and path coefficient analysis of grain yield as dependent variables indicated that plant height, number of seeds per head, 100-seed weight and hectoliter weight had positive and a high effect on the grain yield. The greatest effect was related to the 100-seed weight (0.352) and the least effect was from the number of head per plant (0.138) on grain yield. The main head weight and number of seed per head impacts the most changes on 100-seed weight. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
46 - Evaluating the morphological indicies effective on yield and yield component in different cotton genotypes
محمدرضا Dadashi برزو KazeraniThe interrelationships between the seed cotton yield with to traits of 8 cotton cultivars were studied at plant Institiute, Gorgan, Iran in 2004. The experimental design was randomized complete block design with four replications. The correlations between remaining char MoreThe interrelationships between the seed cotton yield with to traits of 8 cotton cultivars were studied at plant Institiute, Gorgan, Iran in 2004. The experimental design was randomized complete block design with four replications. The correlations between remaining characteres in yield were calculated. Stepwise regression and path analysis showed that, yield in first harvest, number of monopodial branchs, yield in second harvest could explain the maximum of variations of yield (R2=0/963). The yield in first harvest had the highest direct effects on yield/plant (P=1/087). Due to their high direct and or indirect effects on yield, yield in first harvest and yield in second harvest can be used as selection criteria to identify the high yielding genotypes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
47 - Identifying the Key and Forward Sectors in Economic Development of East Azerbaijan Province
Roya Al Emran Hasan Alizadeh Asl seyed Ali Al EmranThe aim of this paper is to identify the sectors having the most backward and forward linkage to the other economic sectors in East Azerbaijan. The research methodology is based on input-output, the backward and forward linkages and structural path analysis. the results MoreThe aim of this paper is to identify the sectors having the most backward and forward linkage to the other economic sectors in East Azerbaijan. The research methodology is based on input-output, the backward and forward linkages and structural path analysis. the results represent that machinery, chemical products, rubber and plastic, and agriculture, horticulture and forestry sectors have the most important direct and indirect backward linkages, but the sectors like food products, wood products, furniture and paper and petroleum products have the most important direct and indirect forward linkages and the multiplier of these interactions have been analyzed with the path analysis approach and indirect paths of demand increase are differentiated from the direct paths of supply increase. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
48 - بهبود ژنتیکی درصد اسانس و عملکرد گل خشک با استفاده از انتخاب غیرمستقیم در بابونه آلمانی (Matricaria chamomilla L)
احمدرضا گلپرور عبداله قاسمی پیربلوطیمقدمه و هدف: بابونه آلمانی یکی از مهم ترین گیاهان دارویی در سرتاسر دنیاست. بهبود ژنتیکی درصد اسانس و عملکرد گل خشک و افزایش تولید در واحد سطح از اهمیت زیادی در اصلاح این گیاه مهم دارویی برخوردار می باشد. تعیین بهترین شاخص های انتخاب غیر مستقیم به منظور بهبود ژنتیکی درصد Moreمقدمه و هدف: بابونه آلمانی یکی از مهم ترین گیاهان دارویی در سرتاسر دنیاست. بهبود ژنتیکی درصد اسانس و عملکرد گل خشک و افزایش تولید در واحد سطح از اهمیت زیادی در اصلاح این گیاه مهم دارویی برخوردار می باشد. تعیین بهترین شاخص های انتخاب غیر مستقیم به منظور بهبود ژنتیکی درصد اسانس و عملکرد گل خشک جمعیت های بابونه آلمانی با استفاده از برخی از صفات مورفولوژیک، زراعی و فنولوژیک در این تحقیق مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. روش تحقیق: در این تحقیق از طرح آزمایشی بلوک های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار استفاده شد. صفات مورد اندازه گیری عبارت از تعداد گل در بوته، عملکرد گل تر در بوته، روز تا غنچه دهی، روز تا 50 و 100 درصد گل دهی، تعداد ساقه گل­دهنده، ارتفاع بوته، تعداد پنجه در بوته، عملکرد گل خشک در بوته و درصد اسانس بودند. نتایج و بحث: نتایج تجزیه واریانس نشان دهنده تفاوت بسیار معنی دار بین جمعیت های مورد بررسی از نظر صفات مورد بررسی بود که حاکی از وجود تنوع ژنتیکی قابل ملاحظه برای این صفات در بابونه آلمانی و امکان بهبود ژنتیکی آن ها از طریق گزینش می باشد. بررسی ضرایب همبستگی نشان داد که اکثر صفات دارای همبستگی مثبت و معنی داری با عملکرد گل خشک می باشند. از سوی دیگر، درصد اسانس با تعداد کمتری از صفات دارای همبستگی مثبت و معنی دار بود. توصیه کاربردی/ صنعتی: با انجام تجزیه علیت مشخص شد که برای بهبود ژنتیکی عملکرد گل خشک در بابونه آلمانی می توان از انتخاب غیرمستقیم برای صفات روز تا 50 درصد گل دهی، تعداد گل در بوته، عملکرد گل تر در بوته و روز تا غنچه دهی به عنوان شاخص های انتخاب به ویژه در نسل های مقدماتی استفاده نمود. در مورد درصد اسانس نیز صفات روز تا 50 درصد گل دهی و تعداد گل در بوته به عنوان بهترین شاخص های انتخاب قابل توصیه می باشند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
49 - انتخاب غیر مستقیم به منظور بهبود عملکرد کمی و کیفی اکوتیپ های سیاهدانه کشت شده در شرایط منطقه اصفهان
سعید صالحی اسد رخ زدی قربان نورمحمدی سید محمدجواد میرهادی احمدرضا گلپرورمقدمه و هدف: سیاهدانه یکی از گیاهان داروئی مهم و از تیره رانونکولاسه می باشد. لذا، این تحقیق با هدف بررسی نقش فاصله ژنتیکی و تعیین صفات موثر بر عملکرد کمی و کیفی سیاهدانه به مرحله اجراء درآمده است. روش تحقیق: بذور 10 اکوتیپ گیاه داروئی سیاهدانه در قالب طرح پایه بل Moreمقدمه و هدف: سیاهدانه یکی از گیاهان داروئی مهم و از تیره رانونکولاسه می باشد. لذا، این تحقیق با هدف بررسی نقش فاصله ژنتیکی و تعیین صفات موثر بر عملکرد کمی و کیفی سیاهدانه به مرحله اجراء درآمده است. روش تحقیق: بذور 10 اکوتیپ گیاه داروئی سیاهدانه در قالب طرح پایه بلوک های کامل تصادفی با 3 تکرار در مزرعه آموزشی-پژوهشی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد اصفهان (خوراسگان) کشت شد. در طول فصل زراعی مراقبت های لازم صورت گرفت. صفات مختلف در طی مراحل رشد گیاهان و در زمان خاص خود انجام شد. در نهایت، استخراج اسانس به روش تقطیر با آب و به کمک دستگاه اسانس گیری طرح کلونجر صورت گرفت و میزان اسانس به وسیله دستگاه کروماتوگرافی گازی متصل به طیف سنج جرمی (GC/MS) مورد تجزیه و شناسایی قرار گرفت. نتایج و بحث: نتایج حاکی از تفاوت معنی دار بین اکوتیپ های سیاهدانه از نظر کلیه صفات مورد بررسی بود. نتایج تجزیه رگرسیون و علیت عملکرد نشان داد که صفات تعداد شاخه، روز تا شروع گلدهی، تعداد کپسول و سرعت پر شدن دانه بهترین شاخص های انتخاب غیر مستقیم در جهت بهبود ژنتیکی عملکرد دانه و اسانس اکوتیپ های سیاه دانه می باشند. اکوتیپ های داران، فریدن و کاشان بیشترین میانگین عملکرد اسانس را تولید نموده و لذا برای کشت توسط زارعین قابل توصیه هستند. توصیه کاربردی/صنعتی: تحقیقات اندکی در مورد تعیین فاصله ژنتیکی و تعیین شاخص های انتخاب موثر برای بهبود ژنتیکی عملکرد کمی و کیفی در سیاهدانه انجام شده است. لذا، نتایج این تحقیق می تواند در به نژادی کاربردی گیاه داروئی و ارزشمند سیاهدانه مورد استفاده قرار گیرد. با تعیین اکوتیپ های برتر نیز زارعین قادر خواهند بود به کشت و کار ژنوتیپ های دارای عملکرد بالا اقدام نمایند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
50 - اثر وزن پیش از کشتار، وزن لاشه و جنسیت بر ترکیب اسیدهای چرب لاشه برههای نژاد بوتسیکو
V. Alexandridis B. Skapetas D. Kantas P. Goulas A. Eleptheriadouهدف از مطالعه، بررسی اثر وزن پیش از کشتار، وزن لاشه، سن کشتار و جنسیت بر پروفایل اسیدهای چرب برههای نژاد بوتسیکو یونان است. 20 بره (شامل 10 نر و 10 ماده) مورد آزمایش قرار گرفتند. برهها در سن 48 روزگی کشتار شدند. هرکدام از لاشهها به 5 بخش تقسیم شدند و یک نمونه تصادفی Moreهدف از مطالعه، بررسی اثر وزن پیش از کشتار، وزن لاشه، سن کشتار و جنسیت بر پروفایل اسیدهای چرب برههای نژاد بوتسیکو یونان است. 20 بره (شامل 10 نر و 10 ماده) مورد آزمایش قرار گرفتند. برهها در سن 48 روزگی کشتار شدند. هرکدام از لاشهها به 5 بخش تقسیم شدند و یک نمونه تصادفی 100 گرمی از هر کدام از این بخشها برداشت گردید (مجموعاً 180 نمونه). از هر کدام از این نمونهها یک نمونه 2 گرمی جهت استخراج چربی و تخلیص آنزیم متیل استراز اسید چرب، اخذ گردید. جهت پیشبینی رابطه سن، جنسیت و وزن با اسیدهای چرب اشباع (SFA)، اسیدهای چرب غیر اشباع یگانه (MUFA) و اسیدهای چرب غیراشباع چندگانه (PUFA)، از یک آنالیز مسیر استفاده شده و همه معادلات تابعیت به طور همزمان مورد آزمون قرار گرفتند. فرض شده است که سن کشتار اثری غیرمستقیم از طریق وزن پیش از کشتار و وزن لاشه دارد. نتایج نشان میدهد که مدلی که از وزن کشتار به جای وزن لاشه استفاده میکند، بهتر میتواند ترکیب اسیدهای چرب برههای نژاد بوتسیکو را پیشبینی نماید. با در نظرّ گرفتن ارزش غذایی گوشت گوسفند برای انسان، نسبت اسیدهای چرب غیراشباع چندگانه به اسیدهای چرب اشباع نسبتاً پایین بوده ولی نسبت اسیدهای چرب غیراشباع چندگانه اُمگا 6 به اًمگا 3 برای تغذیه سالم انسان در سطح قابل قبولی بوده است. بهترین ترکیب اسیدهای چرب در دست و پا، کتف و شانه دیده شده است. میتوان اینگونه نتیجهگیری کرد که تولیدکنندگان میتوانند سن کشتار را افزایش دهند ولی در این کار بایستی جیره به نحوی تغییر داده شود که با حداقل هزینه همراه باشد تا از این طریق تولید و بهرهوری آن بهبود یافته و همزمان کیفیت گوشت برهها نیز حفظ گردد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
51 - Investigating Environmental Factors in Security of Urban Public Spaces Using Path Analysis Model (A Case Study: Of Shiraz City)
Sedighe Lotfi Mohammad SasaniporSecurity is the most fundamental need of human being and its provision is one of the preconditions to attain better spiritual life. Shiraz due to many different factors such as cultural diversity is facing serious security problems. These problems are embedded in physic MoreSecurity is the most fundamental need of human being and its provision is one of the preconditions to attain better spiritual life. Shiraz due to many different factors such as cultural diversity is facing serious security problems. These problems are embedded in physical, socio-economic status of the city. In this article the impacts of environmental elements on the sense of security is studied in public space. The methodology of the research is based on descriptive-analytical approach which was accompanied by conducting a field work tom complete the questionnaires and the samples were dispatched using random method which 386 samples The model of path analysis was used to determine the influential factors on the level of satisfaction in public space and by using the applied software of EQS the direct and indirect impacts of independent variables on the depended variable were analyzed. The results of research showed that the highest impact which influenced directly on depended variable belonged to informative elements such as light, gender, accessibility to transport. In general, the impact of gender and informative elements with the score of 0.311 and 0.258 showed greater influence respectively. The variables of congestion and form with sum score of 0.02 and 0.06 had the lowest influence on sense of security respectively. Therefore the structural equitation indicated that the level of sense of place could be predicted by accessing the standard score relevant to influential environmental factors on security. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
52 - Analysis of Economic Barriers to Entrepreneurship Development in Rural Areas With structural and institutional approach Case Study: Zoeram Rural District, Shirvan County
seyede parvin hoseyni hossein farahaniAbstractToday, the world of economics has shifted from a large-scale management-oriented economy to a small-scale entrepreneurial economy, and entrepreneurship - especially in small and medium-sized businesses - is recognized as a way to adapt to the changing environmen MoreAbstractToday, the world of economics has shifted from a large-scale management-oriented economy to a small-scale entrepreneurial economy, and entrepreneurship - especially in small and medium-sized businesses - is recognized as a way to adapt to the changing environment and driving force of the economy. Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of analyzing the economic barriers to the development of tourism entrepreneurship in rural areas, which is in terms of nature and descriptive-analytical method and according to the practical objectives. The statistical population in this study includes people living in the villages of Zavaram district. In collecting information and data, library and field studies (observation and completion of the questionnaire) were used. After collecting information through the questionnaire, the data were analyzed using Pearson correlation and path analysis. The results showed that there is a direct relationship between economic barriers and structural institutional change with 0.235 percent, it is significant up to 95 percent, and economic barriers are considered effective, while economic barriers (failure of economic facilities, failure of support systems) , Supply and demand gap, inadequacy of coordination and economic participation, policy-making and legislation) are important and influential, such as the index of inadequacy of coordination and economic participation (0.388), failure of support systems (0.281), policy-making and legislation ( 0.132) are three indicators that have been assigned the first to third priorities in terms of effectiveness.According to the results, economic barriers are known to be effective, effective and undesirable, and in order to develop entrepreneurship in rural areas, major changes must be made in the structure and institution of various economic areas. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
53 - Evaluation of the effect of plant distance on yield of four watermelon cultivars (Citrullus vulgaris) in Jiroft environmental conditions
Ebrahim Mamonoei Seid Mohammad Alavi Siney Morteza Eshraghi-NejadIn order to determine the most appropriate planting distance and cultivar and also to find the most effective traits in watermelon yield at different planting densities, this study was conducted as split plots in three replications for two cropping years 2016-2017 in Ji MoreIn order to determine the most appropriate planting distance and cultivar and also to find the most effective traits in watermelon yield at different planting densities, this study was conducted as split plots in three replications for two cropping years 2016-2017 in Jiroft. Plant spacing (40, 50, 60 and 70 cm) and four watermelon cultivars (Patangra, Favorite, CrimsonPS and CrimsonG-53 were divided into main and sub-plots, respectively. There was a significant effect on the studied traits except the thickness of the fruit skin, so that the number of fruits and yield decreased significantly with increasing plant distance on the planting line; The highest values of these traits were 0.99 and 23.82 tons.hectare-1 at a distance of 40 cm, respectively. But the quality and appearance of the fruit at a distance of 70 cm had its highest value. Increasing the culture distance from 40 to 70 cm increased the amount of soluble solids by 12%. The studied cultivars were significantly different in all traits except Brix. CrimsonPS and CrimsonG cultivars had the highest yields during the two years of testing at 22.50 and 20.76 tons per hectare, respectively. CrimsonPS cultivar was relatively superior to other cultivars in terms of most of the studied traits, and this ultimately led to the highest yield per unit area. Path analysis showed that in different cultivation densities, fruit number and single fruit weight had the greatest effect on fruit yield; These two traits were selected as the most important traits in determining fruit yield. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
54 - Determining some of the effective traits on soybean yield at different levels of salinity stress in greenhouse conditions
zahra Abedi Hamid Najafi Zarrini Mostafa Emadi Nadali BagheriSalinity is one of the growth limiting factors in agricultural. In order to determination of the most effective traits on soybean yield at different levels of salinity stress, a factorial experiment with 3 replications was conducted in greenhouse of Sari Agricultural Sc MoreSalinity is one of the growth limiting factors in agricultural. In order to determination of the most effective traits on soybean yield at different levels of salinity stress, a factorial experiment with 3 replications was conducted in greenhouse of Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University in 2016. Treatments consisted of four soybean genotypes (Hill, Dayr, Ford and Williams), three levels of sulfur (control, 5 and 10 grams of sulfur powder) and three levels of salinity (control, 4 and 8 dS/m). Analysis of variance showed that simple effects of sulfur, genotype, salinity and interaction between sulfur and salinity were significant at 0.01 probability level. Correlation coefficients between studied traits showed that there was a positive and significant correlation between grain yield and all traits except for the Na+/K+ ratio. By using stepwise regression analysis in the control treatment, sulfur content, in 4 ds/m salinity, traits of Na+ percentage, fresh weight of shoot and seed protein percentage, and in salinity of 8 ds/m seed number per plant were entered in model. path analysis of grain yield showed the highest positive direct effect in the control, second level and the third level of salinity were sulfur content, Na+ and number of seeds per plant, respectively. The results of this study showed that the traits of sulfur content, Na+ percentage, fresh weight and protein percentage are the scales related to grain yield, which can be used as an indirect selection scale for genetic improvement of yield in saline regeneration programs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
55 - Investigating the correlation and cause and effect relationships of leaf yield and some important agronomic traits in basil genotypes under different drought stress conditions
Mehdi Rahimi Mojtaba MortazaviBasil is one of the important plants belonging to the mint family, which is used as a medicinal plant, spice, and also as a fresh vegetable. In order to study the relationship between leaf yield and agricultural traits, 22 basil genotypes were evaluated on the basis of MoreBasil is one of the important plants belonging to the mint family, which is used as a medicinal plant, spice, and also as a fresh vegetable. In order to study the relationship between leaf yield and agricultural traits, 22 basil genotypes were evaluated on the basis of split plot design based on randomized complete block design with three replications in pots under field conditions. The main plot included drought stress in three levels (normal, moderate and severe stress) and the subplot included genotype (22 levels) and agricultural traits were measured. Correlation of traits in all three conditions showed that leaf yield had a positive and significant correlation with the traits of stem fresh weight, number of leaves, length and width of leaves. Considering the leaf yield as a dependent variable and performing a stepwise regression analysis in normal conditions (stem wet weight, number of leaves and leaf width in the first stage, respectively), moderate drought stress conditions (stem dry weight in the first stage) ) and severe drought stress conditions (stem wet weight in the first stage) were entered into the model and the model was significant at the level of 1%. Path analysis showed that stem wet weight in normal conditions, stem dry weight in moderate stress condition and stem wet weight in severe stress condition had the highest direct and positive effect on leaf yield. Therefore, the most important traits as a selection index for improving leaf yield werestem fresh weight, leaf number, leaf length and width, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
56 - Variability and Correlation between the Seed Yield and its Component in Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) Populations under Dry Land Farming System, Hamadan, Iran
Ali Ashraf Jafari Milad Lak Ghasem Assadian -
Open Access Article
57 - Correlation and regression between traits and grain yield in maize hybrids under normal and stress conditions
noshin farajzadeh memari tabrizi S. Aharizadeh V. Rashidi F. Darvish S. KhavariThis experiment was conducted to study of changes yield and yield components in 22 corn hybrids. The experiment was split plot by using randomized complete block design with three replications under stress and non-stress during 2013 and 2014 at the Research Station Agri MoreThis experiment was conducted to study of changes yield and yield components in 22 corn hybrids. The experiment was split plot by using randomized complete block design with three replications under stress and non-stress during 2013 and 2014 at the Research Station Agriculture, Islamic Azad University of Tabriz, Iran. Treatments consisted of two irrigation levels (Irrigation after 70 mm evaporation from class A evaporation pan and irrigation after 140 mm evaporation from class A evaporation pan at the beginning of the Tasseling) as main plots and 18 maize hybrids and 4 maize varieties as sub–plots. Combined analysis in two years showed that genotype × water stress interaction had significant difference for most of measured traits. Genotype L2 × K1263/1 was the highest yield in the 6/38 kg under normal conditions and also genotype L3 × A679 was the highest yield under drought conditions in the 3/82 kg. The results of correlation analysis showed the number of kernels per row and numbers of grains per ear have a maximum significant positive correlation under stress and non-stress conditions. Results of step wise regression in non-stress conditions, 100 seed weight, number of kernels per ear, number of leaves and plant height and under stress conditions 100 grain weight, number of kernels per ear and plant height remained. Path analysis showed that the non-stress conditions and under stress conditions number of number of grains per ear had a direct effect on grain yield. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
58 - Study of yield and water productivity in inbred lines of sunflower under optimum and water stress conditions
Mohammad Abedini Esfahlani Reza Fotovat Masood Soltani Najafabadi Alireza TavakoliTo evaluating sunflower inbred lines under optimum and water stress conditions, two separate experiments was conducted at Agricultural Research Station of Bastam (Shahrood). In each experiment, 20 French inbred lines in a randomized complete blocks design with three rep MoreTo evaluating sunflower inbred lines under optimum and water stress conditions, two separate experiments was conducted at Agricultural Research Station of Bastam (Shahrood). In each experiment, 20 French inbred lines in a randomized complete blocks design with three replications were evaluated. During the growing period, agronomic traits including the number of days to flowering, maturity, plant height, stem diameter, head diameter, number of grain per head, biomass, grain yield and 1000 grain weight were measured. According to the results, there was a significant difference between lines in all traits. . Lines C111, C138, C142 and C148 had the highest grain yield and water productivity in both moisture conditions. Line C123 showed maximum grain yield reduction (87%), with 1736 and 224 kgha-1 grain yield under optimum and water stress conditions, respectively. In contrast, line C122 showed minimum grain yield reduction (35%), with 1493 and 978 kgha-1 grain yield under optimum and water stress conditions, respectively. In the path analysis of traits, two traits, grain number per head and 1000 grain weight showed most direct effect on grain yield in both conditions. Due to high heritability of these two traits, we can use them in selection for grain yield increase. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
59 - Investigation of correlation and causal relationships affecting yield of 14 cotton genotypes in normal conditions and imposing drought stress after flowering
saman sedigh Mohammad zabed M.Gh Ghaderi A. SamadzadehThe purpose of this study was to identify the most important traits affecting yield in 14 cotton genotypes in normal conditions and imposing drought after flowering. Two separate experiments were conducted in a randomized complete blocks design with three replicates at MoreThe purpose of this study was to identify the most important traits affecting yield in 14 cotton genotypes in normal conditions and imposing drought after flowering. Two separate experiments were conducted in a randomized complete blocks design with three replicates at the Agriculture Research Farm, University of Birjand during 2013. Phenotypic correlation analysis showed that the correlation between cotton yield with fiber weight, biological yield, harvest index, 1000-seed weight, number of bolls per plant, days to second harvest, oil percent in normal conditions and with fiber weight, biological yield, harvest index, 1000-seed weight and number of bolls per plant in stress condition was positively significant. The stepwise regression analysis showed that the boll number per plant and fiber weight was the most important traits that affected the cotton yield in normal and stress conditions, respectively. The path analysis showed that the fiber weight and biological yield in normal and the biological yield and harvest index in stress conditions had the greatest positive impact on cotton yield. For two conditions the genotypes were grouped into five classes by cluster analysis. Factor analysis was detected that five factors in normal conditions and four factors in stress conditions, showed % 90.03 and % 81.28 of total of variations. In normal and stress conditions yield factor selected as the first and secend important factors, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
60 - Assessment the relationship between grain yield and agronomic traits of spring wheat genotypes in dry land condition
ali ahmadi R. Porghasemi T. Hosseinpor S. SohrabiTo investigate the relationship between agronomic characteristics with 18 spring wheat genotypes, an experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design indry land condition of Agriculture and Natural Resources Research Station in Khorramabad during 2011-20 MoreTo investigate the relationship between agronomic characteristics with 18 spring wheat genotypes, an experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design indry land condition of Agriculture and Natural Resources Research Station in Khorramabad during 2011-2012. Fourteen traits including seed yield and their components and morphological characteristics were evaluated. Correlation analysis showed that biomass has the highest positive and significant correlation coefficient (r= 0.79**) with yield. And then straw yield, harvest index and spike r = 0.56*, r = 0.50* and r = 0.49* respectively. Based on stepwise regression spike, harvest index, weight and height of the main spike yield components and grain yield were greater share of justification. Path analysis showed that the number of spike per square meter, harvest index, spike weight and height were important factors in increasing yield. The highest positive direct effects on grain yield were also related to the number of spikes and spike weight. Factor analysis showed that four factors (yield, biological yield, straw yield and seed weight) and independent of the total 72% of total variance explained data. The first factor is the factor with the greatest variance function against three traits of effective biological yield, straw yield and grain weight on grain yield confirmed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
61 - Determination the most suitable effective traits on grain yield of bread wheat genotypes under normal and drought conditions in Darab region, Fars Province
Vahid Barati Ehsan Bijanzadeh Ruhollah NaderiDrought stress is the most limiting factor for producing wheat grain yield, especially in southern Iran. In order to recognize the most influential appropriate agronomic traits on grain yield of promising wheat genotypes (16 line) under normal irrigation and drought str MoreDrought stress is the most limiting factor for producing wheat grain yield, especially in southern Iran. In order to recognize the most influential appropriate agronomic traits on grain yield of promising wheat genotypes (16 line) under normal irrigation and drought stress conditions, this study was conducted at Darab, Fars province in 2012-2013 and 2013-2014. Drought stress was started after anthesis and continued to physiological maturity. Days to physiological maturity was counted during growing seasons. At the end of growing seasons, 1000-kernal weight, grain no. per spike, spikelet no. per spike, floret no. per spikelet, tiller no. per unit area, crop height, grain yield, above ground biological yield (BY) and harvest index (HI) were measured. Four statistical methods including simple correlation, multiple linear regression, stepwise regression and path analysis were used for determined the relationship between the above mentioned traits and grain yield under the two irrigation treatments. Results showed that BY and HI for normal irrigation and for drought condition days to physiological maturity, BY and HI were the most important influential traits on yield. Based on the most statistical analysis, the BY role on grain yield was lower at drought condition than normal irrigation. Also, improving grain yield was attributed to HI under drought condition. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
62 - Evaluation of yield relationship with yield components in different dry land wheat genotypes
Elyas Neyestani Hasan Makarian Aliakbar Ameri Mostafa HeydariIn order to investigate path analysis of grain yield and yield components, an experiment was carried out with 20 genotypes of wheat in a randomized complete block design with four replications in two places in North Khorasan Province, dry land Research Station of Shirva MoreIn order to investigate path analysis of grain yield and yield components, an experiment was carried out with 20 genotypes of wheat in a randomized complete block design with four replications in two places in North Khorasan Province, dry land Research Station of Shirvan and Sisab, Iran. In 2015-2016. During the growth stages and after harvesting, traits like plant height, number of days to heading, numbers of spikes per square meter, number of grains per spike, number of days to maturity, seed weight and seed yield were recorded. according to the analysis of variance, between genotypes in terms of number of days to heading, days to maturity, numbers of spikes per square meter, number of grains per spike and grain yield, differences were significant. According to the comparison of the averages, genotypes 17 and 12 with 2522 and 2364 kg.ha-1 had the highest grain yield respectively and genotype 20 with 1190 kg.ha-1grain yield was the lowest. Based on the path analysis results, the number of spike per square meter (69.8%), the number of grains per spike (64.9 %) and grain weight (38.9 %) had the highest direct effect on grain yield. The correlation coefficients showed that seed weight and number of grains per spike and number of spikes per square meter had a significant negative correlation and the number of grains per spike and number of spikes per square meter were significant positive correlation with yield. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
63 - Genetic diversity and path analysis of grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) yield components in different environmental conditions
V. Rasoli E. Farshadfar J. AhmadiAbstract Yield components and genetic contribution in final yield have important roles in crop plants breeding programs. For this purpose, 20 varieties of grapevines with Russia origin were evaluated in Urmia and Takestan research station (under full irrigation and dro MoreAbstract Yield components and genetic contribution in final yield have important roles in crop plants breeding programs. For this purpose, 20 varieties of grapevines with Russia origin were evaluated in Urmia and Takestan research station (under full irrigation and drought stress). This research was performed in randomized complete block design with three replications and three plants in each plot in 2012. Number of cluster per plant, number of berry per cluster, berry weight and yield per plants were recorded. Compound and logarithmic analysis of variance, genotype and environmental interaction effects were estimated by multiplicative three environmental and genotypic elements. Results of path analysis indicated that the number of cluster per plant had the highest genetic contribution in final yield and the most sensitivity and variation in different environments. Direct effect of the number of cluster per plant in final yield (0.61) was higher than direct effect of the number of berry per cluster (0.48) and berry weight (0.30). Path coefficient of number of cluster per plant value was higher than path coefficient berry per cluster and berry weight.Therefore, the sequence of manifestation of yield components was number of cluster per plant, number of berry per cluster and berry weight, respectively. Environmental components of interaction effects indicated that absolute value of number of cluster per plant was higher than number of berry per cluster and berry weight. This indicated higher sensitivity of number of cluster per plant in different environments. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
64 - Correlation and path analysis of white sugar yield with some of traits under irrigated regimes in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) genotypes
M. SharifiUnderstanding the relationship between white sugar yield and other traits in sugar beet may be a crucial step towards successful breeding of this important crop. Path analysis provides a useful method in analzing coefficients of correlations and this method is able to e MoreUnderstanding the relationship between white sugar yield and other traits in sugar beet may be a crucial step towards successful breeding of this important crop. Path analysis provides a useful method in analzing coefficients of correlations and this method is able to effectively unveil direct and indirect effects among traits of interest. This study was conducted to characterize white sugar yield and its related plant traits. Correlation and path analysis were carried out in sugar beet genotypes grown under irrigated regimes. Therefore, an experiment was conducted in 2002 using a split-plot design in randomized complete block with three replications at the Research Farm of Agricultural Research Center in Zarghan, Fars, Iran. The main plots consisted of three irrigated regimes: non stress, mild stress (75% irrigated) and severe stress (50% irrigated), and the ten genotypes as the sub plots. Data were analyzed using mini-tab, SAS and Excel soft ware. The analysis of variance revealed highly significant differences among the genotypes for all characters studied in this experiment. Results indicated that in both mild and non stress conditions, sodium, sugar content, purity and canopy temperature and thereby osmotic and turger potential had high correlations with white sugar yield, while in severe stress condition, none of these traits was correlated with white sugar yield. In none stress condition, sodium, sugar content, purity and canopy temperature showed a considerable direct effect on white sugar yield. In mild stress condition, in addition to these traits, osmotic and turger potential showed to have high direct effects. In severe stress condition, except for α-amino-N and canopy temperature traits, other traits had considerable direct effects. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
65 - Study of Correlations betweenHorticultural Traits and Variables Affecting Kernel Percentage of Walnut (Juglans regia L.)
B. Abedi T. Parvaneh -
Open Access Article
66 - رابطه صفات فنومورفولوژیکی با عملکرد دانه در لاین های امیدوارکننده جو در منطقه اردبیل
A. Khajavi S. Aharizad M. Ahmadizadeh H. Dalfardiبه منظور بررسی رابطه بین صفات و تعیین تأثیر مستقیم و غیرمستقیم صفات مؤثر بر عملکرد، آزمایشی در قالب طرح بلوکهای کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار بر روی 20 لاین امیدبخش جو در ایستگاه تحقیقات کشاورزی اردبیل اجرا شد. . 10 صفت زراعی در هر کرت با استفاده از 20 بوته انتخابی به طور تص Moreبه منظور بررسی رابطه بین صفات و تعیین تأثیر مستقیم و غیرمستقیم صفات مؤثر بر عملکرد، آزمایشی در قالب طرح بلوکهای کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار بر روی 20 لاین امیدبخش جو در ایستگاه تحقیقات کشاورزی اردبیل اجرا شد. . 10 صفت زراعی در هر کرت با استفاده از 20 بوته انتخابی به طور تصادفی اندازه گیری شد. تجزیه واریانس نشان داد که بین لاینها در تمام صفات به جز صفت پنجه نابارور اختلاف معنی داری وجود داشت. بین عملکرد دانه و تمامی صفات مورد مطالعه به جز صفات همبستگی معنی داری وجود داشت. روز تا بلوغ در تجزیه رگرسیون، پنجه بارور، تعداد دانه در سنبله و ارتفاع بوته در مدل نهایی باقی ماند (905/0=R2). بر تعداد پنجه بارور، تعداد دانه در سنبله و ارتفاع بوته بر عملکرد دانه تأثیر مستقیم و مثبتی داشت. بیشترین تأثیر مستقیم بر تعداد دانه در سنبله بود. روشهای آماری متعدد مورد استفاده در این تحقیق نشان داد که پنجه بارور، تعداد دانه در سنبله و ارتفاع بوته مهمترین متغیرهای عملکرد بودند. بنابراین می توان از این صفات به عنوان معیار انتخاب برای افزایش عملکرد استفاده کرد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
67 - Evaluation of Genetic Diversity in Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) Genotypes Based on Agronomic Traits
K. N. MILI B. J. SHIRAZY M. M. MAHBUB -
Open Access Article
68 - Assignment of the relations among traits and regression and path analyses of grain yield in promising lines and cultivars of temperate and cold regions bread wheat
V. Rashidi S. Reihani Mehr S. Chalabi Yani In order to study of the relationships among the traits, specially relative traits tospike; 30 genotypes of bread wheat were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with three replications during 2009-2010 cropping seasons at the Agricul More In order to study of the relationships among the traits, specially relative traits tospike; 30 genotypes of bread wheat were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with three replications during 2009-2010 cropping seasons at the Agricultural Research Station of Islamic Azad University, Tabriz Branch. In this research, 19 traits including grain yield and its components, phonologic and morphologic traits were measured. Based on consequences of correlation analysis, grain yield contained positive and significant correlation with plant height, number of spike per plant, spike weight, spike length, spike width, number of spikelet per spike, number of prolific floret per spikelet, grains number of main spike and grain weight of main spike. With conclusion of stepwise regression analysis, the traits of spikes number per plant, grains weight of main spike and grains number of main spike were entered in the regressional model, respectively and as whole explained 71% of grain yield variation. According to the results of path analysis, the greatest positive direct and indirect effect on augmentation of grain yield were appertained to grains weight of main spike and grains number of main spike, respectively; thus these traits were distinguished as the most cardinal effective components on grain yield. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
69 - Relationship between yield and its components in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes in drought and non-drought stress conditions
A. Golparvar H. Madani M. Rasouli In order to evaluation and determination of the most effective traits in improvement grain yield of bread wheat genotypes, an experiment conducted using 320 genotypes in the research field of agriculture institute of Shahrekord in 20 More In order to evaluation and determination of the most effective traits in improvement grain yield of bread wheat genotypes, an experiment conducted using 320 genotypes in the research field of agriculture institute of Shahrekord in 2006. Genotypes were cultivated in augmented design along with Karaj1 and Sardari as the check cultivars in both stress and non-stress conditions. Grain yield and 10 related feature of traits were measured in this research. Correlation coefficient analysis showed that in both condition all traits except awn length and in non-stress condition spike weight had positive and significant correlation with grain yield in 1% probability level. By using step-wise regression analysis in stress condition five traits and in non-stress condition three traits entered to the model that verified 97.8% and 96.5% of grain yield variation, respectively. Path analysis for grain yield indicated that in stress condition biological yield, harvest index and grain number per spike and in non-stress condition biological yield and harvest index had the most positive and direct effect on plant kernel yield. Grain number per spike in stress as direct and in non-stress condition as indirect affect positively and significantly on increase grain yield. Therefore, results of research indicate that use of these traits suggest as indirect selection criteria in order to improve grain yield of bread wheat genotypes in both stress and non-stress conditions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
70 - Evaluation of correlation and path analysis of seed and oil yield in spring safflower cultivars under normal irrigation and drought stress conditions
ahmad reza Golparvar abdolah Ghasemi PirbaloutiIdentification of the important seed and oil yield components in safflower is very efficient in genetic improvement of these traits via indirect selection. So, 10 spring safflower cultivars were sown at normal irrigation and drought stress conditions based on RCBD with MoreIdentification of the important seed and oil yield components in safflower is very efficient in genetic improvement of these traits via indirect selection. So, 10 spring safflower cultivars were sown at normal irrigation and drought stress conditions based on RCBD with three replications in research field of Islamic Azad University, Isfahan (Khorasgan) branch in 2009. Correlation analysis showed that positive and significant relation of 1000-seed weight, No. seed/plant and oil yield with seed yield and 1000-seed weight, No. seed/plant, seed yield and oil percent with oil yield in drought stress condition. Results of correlation, regression and path analysis designed traits 1000-seed weight, No. seed/plant, No. seed/capitulum and biological yield are the best selection criteria for genetic improvement of seed yield and traits 1000-seed weight and No. seed/plant for oil yield in drought stress condition. In non-drought stress condition, traits 1000-seed weight and No. seed/plant have positive and considerable effects on seed yield and accounted for the largest amount of variation exist in this trait. These traits are the best selection criteria for genetic improvement of seed yield in non-stress condition. Traits 1000-seed weight, days to physiological maturity and No. seed/plant are the most important oil yield components and recommended for breeding of this trait in non-drought stress condition. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
71 - Evaluation of correlation and path analysis of seed and oil yield in spring safflower cultivars under normal irrigation and drought stress conditions
A. R. Golparvar A. Ghasemi Pirbalouti Identification of the important seed and oil yield components in safflower is very efficient in genetic improvement of these traits via indirect selection. For this reason, ten spring safflower cultivars were sown at normal irrigation and More Identification of the important seed and oil yield components in safflower is very efficient in genetic improvement of these traits via indirect selection. For this reason, ten spring safflower cultivars were sown at normal irrigation and drought stress conditions based on randomized completely block design with three replications in research field of Islamic Azad University, Isfahan (Khorasgan) branch at 6 March 2009. Correlation analysis showed that positive and significant relation of 1000-seed weight, No.seed/plant and oil yield with seed yield and 1000-seed weight, No.seed/plant, seed yield and oil percent with oil yield in drought stress condition. Results of correlation, regression and path analysis designed traits 1000-seed weight, No.seed/plant, No.seed/capitulum and biological yield are the best selection criteria for genetic improvement of seed yield and traits 1000-seed weight and No.seed/plant for oil yield in drought stress condition. In non-drought stress condition, traits 1000-seed weight and No.seed/plant have positive and considerable effects on seed yield and accounted for the largest amount of variation exist in this trait. Therefore, these traits are the best selection criteria for genetic improvement of seed yield in non-stress condition. On the other hand, traits 1000-seed weight, days to physiological maturity and No.seed/plant are the most important oil yield components and recommended for breeding of this trait in non-drought stress condition. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
72 - Correlation relation and path coefficient agronomic traits evolution on seed yield of rice analysis effective (Oryza Sativa L.) cultivar
hasan Tahmasbizadeh hamid madani gholamreza Naderi BoroujerdiThis research was done to determine the relationship between grain yield and agronomic traits in rice through path analysis to achieve an appropriate model selection, in order to improve grain yield was conducted on the basis of other traits. In this study, 11 rice cult MoreThis research was done to determine the relationship between grain yield and agronomic traits in rice through path analysis to achieve an appropriate model selection, in order to improve grain yield was conducted on the basis of other traits. In this study, 11 rice cultivars in a RCBD with three replications were studied. The results showed significant and positive relationship between grain yield and harvest index, biological yield, number of panicles per square meter, number of panicles per plant there. Also non-significant negative correlation between grain yield and ear length and half the primary source limitation by eliminating clusters were observed. According to the direct effects of path analysis, a strong and significant from the harvest index (0.976), biological yield (0.911) and number of panicles per square meter (0.845) on grain yield were observed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
73 - Correlation, regression and path analysis of seed yield and yield components in canola cultivars (Brassica napus L.)
S. Z. Hashemi A. R. Golparvar M. Rasouli In order to assessment of relationship among grain yield and different traits and determination of the best indirect selection criteria for genetic improvement of grain yield in canola a randomized complete block design with three replications w More In order to assessment of relationship among grain yield and different traits and determination of the best indirect selection criteria for genetic improvement of grain yield in canola a randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted using 17 cultivars. Correlation coefficient analysis of grain yield showed positive and significant relationship between selected trait with traits days to shooting, days from planting to full flowering, plant height, number of grain/pod, 1000 grains weight, biological yield, harvest index, grain oil percent and oil yiel. Step-wise regression of grain yield as dependent variable and the other traits as independent variables revealed that 98.9% of variation exists in grain yield accounted for by the traits biological yield, harvest index, days to flowering initiation and number of grain/pod. Path analysis for grain yield based on traits that correlated positively and significantly with this trait designed high efficiency of traits 1000 seeds weight, biological yield, harvest index, days to shooting and number of grain/pod as indirect selection criteria for genetic improvement of this trait in canola cultivars especially in early generations of breeding programs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
74 - Explanation the implementation barriers of JiT system using ISM approach and path analysis (Case Study: Gas Industry)
mehdi ajali ezatolah asgharizadeh Just in Time (JiT) is a manufacturing/service system by initial goal of continues decreasing and finally the deleting of all of waste forms. Now, world class organizations are completely conformable about acceptation and implementation JiT manufacturing/ser More Just in Time (JiT) is a manufacturing/service system by initial goal of continues decreasing and finally the deleting of all of waste forms. Now, world class organizations are completely conformable about acceptation and implementation JiT manufacturing/service for improving of productivity and competition with competitors. Without doubt, JiT as the most strong of inventory management methodology is facing with barriers and problems. One of basic tasks of top management is identification and perception of relationship between the JiT barriers through decreasing of bad effects. Original goals of this paper are the studying of falconer barriers in successful implementation of JiT manufacturing/service in gas industry of Iran, and analyzing of reciprocal influences between barriers using interpretive structural modeling (ISM). For this purpose, the 12 barriers were identified by literature review and interview with experts. Then by distribution and gathering of 170 questioners and using statistical tests (Kolmogorov-Smirnov and mean), the main hypothesis of this research and 12 secondary hypotheses are confirmed. Also for answering to research main question (How is the relationship and sequence between barriers?), ISM approach is used, and the barriers placed in 7 Levels. Finally, the obtained structural model is confirmed using path analysis method (second order of the confirmatory factor analysis). To this order, a conceptual plan is proposed for presenting of practical program for competition by implementation barriers of JiT manufacturing/service system and improving of productivity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
75 - Evaluation of relationship between grain yield and yield components in bread wheat cultivars using multivariate statistical methods
Hossein Ali Fallahi atefeh kaviani charatiIn order to investigate relationship between yield and its components in bread wheat, tested during 2011-2012 were conducted in Agricultural Research Station of Gonbadin randomized complete block design with three replications whit 10 bread wheat genotype (Morvarid, N-8 MoreIn order to investigate relationship between yield and its components in bread wheat, tested during 2011-2012 were conducted in Agricultural Research Station of Gonbadin randomized complete block design with three replications whit 10 bread wheat genotype (Morvarid, N-87-4, N-87-9, N-86-6, N-86-8, N-80-19, N-86-5, N-85-5, Kohdasht, Line 17). In this experiment, were measured 7 morphological traits. Analysis of variance genotypes for all traits was significant at 1% probability level. N-85-5 and Line 17 genotypes produced the highest and the lowest grain yield, respectively. Among all tested traits, the number of fertile spike had the highest correlation (0.999 **) with grain yield. Using stepwise regression, the number of fertile spikes entered the model as an effective attribute, justifying 99.8 percent of the data variation. In order to find the causal relationships, the path analysis was performed for grain yield The direct effect on the grain yield was related to the number of fertile spike traits. The results of cluster analysis by ward method showed that the studied cultivars were classified in two groups and the second group in terms of grain yield was the most (397.66). According to the results, can be said that N-85-5 genotype had the highest grain yield and trait number of fertile spike was identified as an effective trait for increasing grain yield. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
76 - Relationship among traits and path analysis for grain yield of winter wheat cultivars under normal and drought stress conditions
azam zarebayati manoochehr khodarahmi khodadad mostafaviThe usefulness of any corrective program is determined by the relationship between the grain yield and the factors affecting it. For this purpose, 25 winter wheat cultivars were planted and evaluated in a randomized complete block design with three replications in a fie MoreThe usefulness of any corrective program is determined by the relationship between the grain yield and the factors affecting it. For this purpose, 25 winter wheat cultivars were planted and evaluated in a randomized complete block design with three replications in a field experiment at the Faculty of Agriculture, Karaj Azad University, Karaj, Iran under two irrigation conditions (normal irrigation and irrigation after the spike stage). 17 traits were measured and evaluated. Simple correlation coefficients of traits indicated a positive and significant correlation between grain yield and days to flowering, biological yield and harvest index in normal conditions, and traits related to rooting, biological yield, harvest index and peduncle outflow length in drought stress conditions. The results of stepwise regression confirmed the relation between grain yield and biological yield., path analysis was performed for the traits introduced in the stepwise regression model and in both normal and stress conditions the most direct effect on grain yield had belonged to biological yield. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
77 - The effect of water stress on some traits of barley double haploid lines
Ali Khomari Mojgan Mahboubi Saeid AharizadIn order to compare barley double haploid lines from agricultural and morphologic characteristic aspects and recognition of probable lines, 45 double haploid lines of grain were experimented in the form of random complete blocks with 3 frequencies under two normal irrig MoreIn order to compare barley double haploid lines from agricultural and morphologic characteristic aspects and recognition of probable lines, 45 double haploid lines of grain were experimented in the form of random complete blocks with 3 frequencies under two normal irrigation and low water stress conditions at mahabad Agricultural researches station from 2011-2012. Results obtained from combined variance analysis of two experience case miles from all examined characteristics aspects, expect, for bush height. In regression analysis with step by step method. Grain performance under normal irrigation conditions from aspects such as number of grains in spike, straw performance, and each grain weight entered in final model that under normal irrigation and low water stress condition, has three performance such as straw, grain and the number of grain in spike as influence variable to grain performance entered to model. So the performance in two conditions showed that has the most positive and direct effect to grain performance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
78 - Appointment of Importance and Portion of Morphological Traits on Fruit Yield in Breeding Hybrid Cultivars of Greenhouse Cucumber
Golnoosh Bozorgzad Maryam GolabadiIn order to evaluate of agronomical traits and fruit yield in 23 breeding hybrid cultivars of greenhouse cucumber, and determine the relationship between these traits, a randomized complete block design with three replications was performed in the research greenhouse of MoreIn order to evaluate of agronomical traits and fruit yield in 23 breeding hybrid cultivars of greenhouse cucumber, and determine the relationship between these traits, a randomized complete block design with three replications was performed in the research greenhouse of Islamic Azad University, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch in 2014-15. Data was collected for these traits: total fruit yield, total fruit number, number and fruit yield on three periods, plant height, length and width of leaf, length and diameter of fruit, days to flowering and fruiting and the first flower node. Coefficient of correlations showed that total number of fruit and fruit diameter had significant and positive correlation with fruit yield. Path analysis revealed that fruit number had the highest direct and positive effect on fruit yield. Therefore this trait could be used as selection criterion for selecting genotypes with high fruit yield. Step wise regression showed that total fruit yield and fruit yield on mid fruit production period explained 96.30 percentage of fruit yield variation. On the other hand, total fruit yield and fruit number on final fruit production period explained the highest amount of total fruit number variation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
79 - Study the yield, yield components and morphological traits in the spring safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) using multivariatestatistical approaches
Ali Reza Ahmadzadeh eslam majidi bahram alizadeh amirhasan omidiIn order to study the relationship between seed yield, yield components and some morphological traits, an experiment with 30 different genotypes of spring safflower was conducted at the Research Station of Faculty of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University (Shabestar Branc MoreIn order to study the relationship between seed yield, yield components and some morphological traits, an experiment with 30 different genotypes of spring safflower was conducted at the Research Station of Faculty of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University (Shabestar Branch) during 2005 and 2006. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with three replications, and 13 traits such as plant height, number of seeds per head, weight of main head in each plant, weight of all heads, number of heads per plant, total biomass, flowering time, time of maturity, hectoliter weight, weight of 100 seeds, seed yield and harvest index were measured. A positive significant colleration was found between grain yield with plant height, hectoliter weight, total biomass and number of seeds per head. Stepwise regression and path coefficient analysis of grain yield as a dependent variable and other traits as independent variables revealed that plant height, plant weight, weight of 100 seeds and hectoliter weight had a positive direct effects on the seed yield. The highest effects were determined by the hectoliter weight, plant height and weight of 100 seeds and the lowest by plant biomass. Therefore, it is suggested to consider the three mentioned above main characters in the breeding programes which are strongly related to the seed yield. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
80 - Relationship between grain yield and yield components of barley genotypes by multivariate statistical methods
Ali Ahmadi Raziyeh Pourghasemi Tahmaseb HosseinpourTo assess some traits of 20 barley genotypes, the experiment was done in a randomized complete block design with four replications in Agriculture and Natural Resources Research Station, of Khorramabad in 2011-2012 growing season. Grain yield and some other agronomic tra MoreTo assess some traits of 20 barley genotypes, the experiment was done in a randomized complete block design with four replications in Agriculture and Natural Resources Research Station, of Khorramabad in 2011-2012 growing season. Grain yield and some other agronomic traits were measured. Differences between genotypes were compared in terms of plant height, biological yield, grain yield and hectoliter weight was significant. Genotypes of 1 and 15 had the highest grain yield. Simple correlation coefficients indicated that grain yield, biological yield, straw yield and spike weight had positive and significant correlation. Highest correlation was observed in grain yield and biological yield (r = 0.90**). The results of stepwise regression analysis showed biological yield, spike weight, flag leaf length, flag leaf area, spike length, awn length were the traits influencing on grain yield. Therefore, these attributes can be considered as the most important plant characteristics and they could be a suitable choice to improve the yield of barley genotypes breeding programs. Spike weight, biological yield had the highest direct effect on grain yield. Also, Genotypes of 1 and 15 had the highest yield. The traits such as weight, spike, flag leaf length, flag leaf area, awn length and head length which had high correlation with grain yield were effective on yield increment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
81 - Study the relationship between agronomic and morphological traits in the promising rice lines and their grouping by multivariate statistical methods
Saeid Bakhshipour Ali Gazanchian Ali Mohaddesi Majid Nahvi Roghayeh Razeghi-JadidA field experiment was conducted to determine effective traits on grain yield in seven promising rice lines at Iran Rice Research Institute, Deputy of Mazandaran (Amol). The experimental design was a randomized complete block with four replications. Grain yield showed p MoreA field experiment was conducted to determine effective traits on grain yield in seven promising rice lines at Iran Rice Research Institute, Deputy of Mazandaran (Amol). The experimental design was a randomized complete block with four replications. Grain yield showed positively significant genotypic and phenotypic correlations with plant height, panicle length, panicle weight, number of filled grains and flag leaf area. Regression analysis showed that the most effective characters related to grain yield were panicle weight, total number of tillers and number of filled grains. Path analysis showed that panicle weight and number of filled grains had direct effects on grain yield. Cluster analysis using Ward's minimum variance method with Euclidean distance for agronomic traits classified genotypes into three groups. The second group included line 2 and was considered as the best agronomic group containing the highest yield, plant height, filled grain, panicle length, flag leaf area and panicle weight among other groups. In general, the results showed that the improvement of yield in rice was achieved by increasing of panicle weight and number of filled grains in the breeding programs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
82 - Recognition the effective traits on grain yield of bread wheat genotypes under heat stress and non-stress conditions
Hossein Ali Fallahi atefeh kaviani charati Abbas ali AndarkhorTo determine the traits affecting grain yield, 10 bread wheat genotypes including Morvarid and Kohdasht cultivars and Lines of N-87-4, N-87-9, N-86-6, N-86-8, N-80-19, N-86-5, N-85-5 and Line 17 were planted in two separate experiments including environmental condition MoreTo determine the traits affecting grain yield, 10 bread wheat genotypes including Morvarid and Kohdasht cultivars and Lines of N-87-4, N-87-9, N-86-6, N-86-8, N-80-19, N-86-5, N-85-5 and Line 17 were planted in two separate experiments including environmental conditions without heat stress in 15 December, and heat stress conditions of 10 February in Gonbad Kavous Agricultural Research Station during 2011-2012. Genotypes were compared in a randomized complete block design with three replications andwith combined analysis. Interaction of heat stress and genotypes were significant for grain yield, spike length, number of fertile spike. Genotypes and heat stress effect in all recorded traits were significant. In both conditions, grain yield had a positive and significant correlation with number of fertile spikes. Stepwise regression showed that the number of fertile spikes in normal conditions 99.8% and in heat stress 97.1% of grain yield changes were explained. The path analysis showed that the number of fertile spike had the most direct effect on grain yield in both conditions. The cluster analysis categorized genotypes into two group in normal conditions and three groups in heat stress conditions. Therefore, the number of fertile spikes can be used indirectly in the selection of genotypes with high yield in both heat and normal conditions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
83 - Evaluation of yield and yield components of bread wheat genotypes (Triticum aestivum L.)
Maryam Amri Hamdollah Kazemi Arbat Mozaffar RustaiiIn order to evaluation of the relationships between some physiological and morphological traits with yield and its components in winter wheat, an experiment was conducted using a randomized complete block design with three replications at the Research Center of the Isla MoreIn order to evaluation of the relationships between some physiological and morphological traits with yield and its components in winter wheat, an experiment was conducted using a randomized complete block design with three replications at the Research Center of the Islamic Azad University, Tabriz Branch in 2008. Traits like plant height, peduncle length, number of the grains per spikes, grain weight, harvest index, grain yield, biological yield, straw weight were measured. Analysis of variance revealed that all characters were significantly different for all genotypes. This indicated significant genetic variations among the genotypes based on the measured traits. According to the results, there was a positive significant correlation between plant height with straw grain yield. Line No.2 (Shi#4414/Crow”s”//Kvz) produced the highest grain yield. Results of path analysis also revealed that straw weight had the highest positive effect (0.95) on the grain yield. Thus, it could be concluded that traits evaluated in this study could be used in breeding programs to select the promising and high yielding wheat genotypes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
84 - Evaluation of relationships among some morphological and physiological traits of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) under effect of super nitro plus and bio super phosphate
Ali Reza RahiIn order to evaluate the relationship between some morphological and physiological traits of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) under effect of super nitro plus and bio super phosphate, an experiment was conducted as a complete randomized design with three replications in Dama MoreIn order to evaluate the relationship between some morphological and physiological traits of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) under effect of super nitro plus and bio super phosphate, an experiment was conducted as a complete randomized design with three replications in Damavand region, north Iran in 2011. Treatments were super nitro plus 2 lit.ha-1, bio super phosphate 4 lit.ha-1, super nitro plus 2 lit.ha-1 + bio super phosphate 4 lit.ha-1 and control (no fertilizer). Characteristics like chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, carotenoids, plant height, root length, shoot diameter, leaf fresh weight, shoot fresh weight, root fresh weight, leaf dry weight, shoot dry weight, root dry weight, dry weight of vegetative parts, fresh weight of vegetative parts and leaf area were measured. According to the results, fresh weight of vegetative parts had a positive significant correlation with plant height, shoot diameter, leaf fresh and dry weight and shoot fresh and dry weight. The results of stepwise regression analysis showed that leaf fresh weight, shoot fresh weight and chlorophyll a had positive effect on fresh weight of vegetative parts. Also based on the results of path analysis, leaf fresh weight had the greatest direct positive effect on the fresh weight of vegetative parts. Also there were indirect positive effect and plant height, shoot diameter and shoot fresh weight had a positive effect on fresh weight of vegetative parts through leaf fresh weight. Chlorophyll a had a negative effect on fresh weight of vegetative parts through leaf fresh weight. In conclusion, application of bio-fertilizers was useful for vegetative growth of basil and traits of leaf fresh weight, shoot fresh weight, plant height, shoot diameter and chlorophyll a could be recommended for breeding programms. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
85 - Relationship of some agronomic traits affecting grain yield in bread wheat recombinant lines under salinity stress conditions
Sajad Soori Amin Baghizadeh Ghasem Mohammadi-nejadSoil salinity is one of the abiotic stresses and a major problem to have a high yield in wheat. To awareness of relationship between agronomic traits and grain yield in salinity and to determine the traits affecting yield and tolerance to salinity, the Correlations coef MoreSoil salinity is one of the abiotic stresses and a major problem to have a high yield in wheat. To awareness of relationship between agronomic traits and grain yield in salinity and to determine the traits affecting yield and tolerance to salinity, the Correlations coefficients of different traits and path analysis of grain yield in salinity conditions were investigated. 322 recombinant inbred lines of wheat derived from crosses Roshan and Falat with parents were evaluated in simple lattice design 18 x 18 with two replications. The Experiment was conducted in the 2013-14 crop season at a farm in Ekhteiar Abad in Kerman with EC = 12 ds/m. The simple correlation coefficient among grain yield and the most of evaluated traits had significant positive correlation. The total weight of spikes per plant had the highest positive correlation and significantly with yield. Stepwise multiple regression analysis method showed that the total weight of spikes per plant, harvest index, biological yield and Number of fertile tillers were the most effect on grain yield. Path analysis based on variables in the final stepwise regression analysis showed that biological yield and harvest index had high direct effect on grain yield. Line number 56 having a higher yield than the parents and the other lines was selected as the best genotype in studied conditions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
86 - Study of the relationship between morphological, physiological and chemical properties in camphor (Camphorosma monspeliaca L.)
Touraj Rahimi Farzad Paknejad Bohloul Abbaszadeh Mohammad Reza Ardakani Majid Zaree Valojerdi Masoumeh Layegh haghighiIn order to study the relationship between morphological, physiological and chemical characteristics of medicinal plant named camphor (Camphorosma monspeliaca L.), samples were collected from a natural habitat in Arak at the full flowering stage. Morphological traits su MoreIn order to study the relationship between morphological, physiological and chemical characteristics of medicinal plant named camphor (Camphorosma monspeliaca L.), samples were collected from a natural habitat in Arak at the full flowering stage. Morphological traits such as plant height, number of tillers, canopy diameter, total shoot yield and full flowering shoot yield were measured for 20-40 plants in each plot. The physiological traits measured were chlorophyll content, soluble sugars, proline, sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, chlorine and iron. The results of correlation analysis indicated that total shoot yield had a positive significant correlation with full flowering shoot yield (r=0.97**), number of tillers (r=0.94**), canopy diameter 2 (r=0.83**), total chlorophyll 1 (r=0.79*), total chlorophyll 2 (r=0.77*), chlorophyll a (r=0.78*) and chlorophyll b (r=0.77*). The total shoot yield had a negative significant correlation with root length (r=-0.74*), root yield (r=-0.83**) soluble sugars (r=-0.76*), proline (r=-0.94**) and chlorine (r=-0.77). Flowering shoot yield had a significant positive correlation with the number of tillers (r=0.97**), canopy diameter 1 (r=0.77*), canopy diameter 2 (r=0.97**), total chlorophyll 1 (r=0.74*), and a negative significant correlation with root yield (r=-0.77*), soluble sugars (r=-0.97*), calcium (r=-0.72*) and chlorine (r=-0.81**). Soluble sugars showed a positive significant correlation with proline (r=0.83**), magnesium (r=0.88**), calcium (r=0.90*) and chlorine (r=0.91**). Proline had a positive significant correlation with magnesium (r=0.79*), calcium (r=0.79*) and chlorine (r=0.97**). The results of stepwise analysis of full flowering shoots as the dependent variable, showed that five traits, i.e. total shoot yield, iron, canopy diameter 2, chlorine and canopy diameter 1 were considered in the model as independent variables. However, the result of path analysis showed that total shoot yield had the highest direct positive effect on full flowering shoot yield. Results revealed that salinity reduced aerial organs and iron absorbsion, but camphor plants increased mineral absorbsion and expanded their root systems for salinity tolerance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
87 - Phenotypic diversity in families derived from cross between Badia and Komino barley cultivars
Atefeh Kaviani Charati Hossein Sabouri HosseinAli Fallahi Eisa JorjaniTo study phenotypic diversity and relationship among agronomical traits of 100 barley F3 generation families derived from cross between Badia × Komino barely cultivars, an experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design with three re MoreTo study phenotypic diversity and relationship among agronomical traits of 100 barley F3 generation families derived from cross between Badia × Komino barely cultivars, an experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design with three replications at research field of Gonbad Kavous University during 2014-2015. Barley families had significantly high diversity in terms of awn length, spikelet no/spike. Grain yield was positive significantly correlated with total spike weight, seedlings number, plant height, awn length and biological yield and the highest correlation was observed between grain yield and total spike weight. In stepwise regression analysis, traits of seedlings number, days to heading, grain diameter, grains per spike, awn length had high contributed to grain yield. In path analysis the trait that had the most direct effect on yield was seedlings number. Barely families were classified into three groups regarding cluster analysis using Ward method and the third group was chosen as desirable one. On the whole, The most important factors influencing on yield increment of barley families was seedlings number and days to heading and these traits could be suitable choices to be used in barley breeding improvement programs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
88 - The study of agronomic characters relationships with GMP index of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) yield by Sequential Path Analysis
Hamed Balesini Jalal Saba Soleiman Jamshidi Mohammad SalehiIn order to study of cause and effect relationships of agronomic characters in water stress and water non-stress conditions with Geometric Mean Productivity index (GMP), a research was conducted in experimental field of agriculture faculty of zanjan university in the ye MoreIn order to study of cause and effect relationships of agronomic characters in water stress and water non-stress conditions with Geometric Mean Productivity index (GMP), a research was conducted in experimental field of agriculture faculty of zanjan university in the year 2003. In use experimental design was split block design based RCBD with three replications that irrigation with two levels (water non - stress and water stress) and rapeseed variety in sixteen levels were experimental factors. The results of sequential path analysis indicated that for selecting under water non-stress conditions in order to breeding for grain yield GMP, increase of number of branches and siliqua per plant and decrease of 1000-grain weight was necessary. Due to relationship of these three characters, it is necessary to put them in equilibrium together. Also for selecting under water stress conditions, increase of seeds per siliqua and siliqua per plant and decrease of days to flowering. was necessary. Indirect breeding for oil yield GMP in water non-stress conditions was possible by breeding to increase branches number and siliqua per plant and to decrease of 1000-grain weight and, in under water stress conditions by breeding to increase of seeds per siliqua, siliqua per plant and oil content. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
89 - Path coefficient analysis of yield and yield components in promising lentil (Lens culinaris L.) genotypes under dry land conditions
Shahram Azizi-Chakherchaman hosein mostafaee davod hasanpanah hamdollah kazemiarbat mehrdad yarniyaAn experiment was conducted to study relationships between grain yield with yield components, some physiological characters and determine the most effective characters on grain yield of 11 lentil varieties, one advanced line and one selected landrace genotype from Ardab MoreAn experiment was conducted to study relationships between grain yield with yield components, some physiological characters and determine the most effective characters on grain yield of 11 lentil varieties, one advanced line and one selected landrace genotype from Ardabil region local population, under dry farming conditions in Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Station of Ardabil. Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 3 replications. Results showed significant variation among studied genotypes for all measured characters. Ggenotypes ILL 8095, ILL 9893 and ILL 6031 produced higher grain yield. Path analysis of characters showed that pod numbers per plant and 100 grain weight were the most important effective components on grain yield with direct effect of 2.055 and 1.182, respectively. Positive direct effect of harvest index and biological yield on grain yield were nonsignificant. The highest positive indirect effects of these traits on yield occurred through number of full pods and 100 grain weight. Direct effects of total pod numbers per plant, lateral branch numbers per plant and the days to maturity on yield were negative. Results of this investigation indicated that characteristics of full pod numbers, 100 grain weight, harvest index, number of grains per pod, early flowering and relative water content of leaves can be introduced as selection indices for improving lentil grain yield in dry farming conditions. Manuscript profile
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