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Open Access Article
1 - The effect of nitrogen, planting density and number of seedling in the main farm on morphologic qualities, functional components and quantitative and qualitative functions of ratoon rice (Oryza sativa L.) production cultivars Sangtarom
mohammad reza Khodadadi Balanaghibi بهرام حيدرنيا سماکوشTo investigate the effects of different amounts of nitrogen, planting density and number of seedling in the main farming on morphologic qualities, functional components and quantitative and qualitative functions of ratoon rice production cultivars Sangtarom, an experime MoreTo investigate the effects of different amounts of nitrogen, planting density and number of seedling in the main farming on morphologic qualities, functional components and quantitative and qualitative functions of ratoon rice production cultivars Sangtarom, an experiment was conducted on a field in Babol, in 2008. Split factorial experiment was conducted in randomized complete block design in three replications. In this experiment four levels of nitrogen fertilizer (0, 46, 69, 92 kg ha-1 from the urea fertilizer source) were used as main factor and sub factor, including the first two planting densities (120 and 40 plants per square meter respectively, sowing pattern 10 × 8.3 and 16.6 × 15 cm square). For the second factor two planting methods frutescence (single seedling) and univalve (3 seedlings or bud), were used respectively. The result of experiment indicated that maximum ratoon production consumption, respectively 46 and 92 kg N ha-1, also the maximum ratoon production obtained under density 120 plants in square meter and with the three seedlings could create an increase in some functional components, such as the number of panicles in square meter, in the total number of spikelet in panicle, in the number of filled spikelet and in the weight of thousands seeds. Also the quality of amiluze under the consumption of 92 kg N ha-1 by density 120 plants in square meter and also under the condition of univalve planting (3 seedlings) reached to its maximum value. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Study of different types of mulch efficiency on soil retain moisture in planting seedlings in arid areas by black saxaul (Haloxylon ammodendron) in Semnan province
Dariush Ghorbanian Alireza Eftekhari Ehsan Zandi Esfahan Nusratollah Hasani Behroz ArastoThe most appropriate method of maintaining soil moisture in planting in dry areas is to cover the surface of the soil around the planted seedlings with natural and artificial mulches. To investigate the effect of different types of mulch in soil retain moisture, two typ MoreThe most appropriate method of maintaining soil moisture in planting in dry areas is to cover the surface of the soil around the planted seedlings with natural and artificial mulches. To investigate the effect of different types of mulch in soil retain moisture, two types of natural and artificial mulch were used around the seedlings. This design is in the form of a complete random block with two main treatments including natural cover (gravel and sand) and artificial cover (light and black plastic) and four secondary treatments including pebbles, sand, light plastic, and black plastic and in three areas of Semnan, Ghoshe, and Damghan was performed. A control group was also considered. Each sub-treatment was planted in three replicates and 25 samples (black saxaul) were planted in each replicate. Immediately after planting the seedlings and irrigation, the mulch cover was placed around the seedlings. The soil moisture was measured by TDR device at a 10-day interval. The results related to the soil moisture showed that the level of the soil moisture in the black plastic treatment was significantly higher than other mulches. The results of the height of seedlings showed that the black plastic and control groups had the greatest effect on the soil retain moisture. Despite the difference in the soil moisture percentage in all types of natural and synthetic mulches, this difference did not show any significant change in the studied areas. The results of variance analysis of the seedling height showed that the differences in natural and artificial mulches and the control group were significant at the 99% level, but this was not significant in different areas. Examining the correlation between the seedling height and soil moisture percentage in different treatments showed that the highest correlation was in the sand treatment (R2 = 78.8). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Comparison of subcultures on the success of plant micropropagation of pineapple (Ananas comosus L. Merr)
Sobhan Gaeeni Farah Farahani فاطمه جمالوComparison of subcultures on the success of plant micropropagation of pineapple (Ananas comosus L. Merr)Review :Recent scientific advances in biotechnology lead to new methods of micropropagation of pineapple plant pineapple, mass propagation and reduce production costs MoreComparison of subcultures on the success of plant micropropagation of pineapple (Ananas comosus L. Merr)Review :Recent scientific advances in biotechnology lead to new methods of micropropagation of pineapple plant pineapple, mass propagation and reduce production costs is provided. Genetic changes associated with micropropagation of pineapple plants to create new varieties from the economic point of view, resistance to major pests and diseases are the most important goals pineapple application of biotechnology. In this study different stages of plant micropropagation of pineapple under the influence of concentration were compared. In order to micropropagation, meristem of the plant Pineapple isolated in sterile conditions and then it Murashige and Skoog medium (MS) with various concentrations of 6-benzyl Mynvpvryn ((1-2-3-4-5 Mgl NAA acid ((6 Mgl were cultured. by increasing the amount of hormones 6-Ynzyl Mynvpvryn average stem length (2 inches) and the proliferation rate (3 per explants). the growth rate rose. Keywords: pineapple seedlings - micropropagation - growth regulators Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Investigating the Effect of Management Operations on the Time of Redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) Emergence in Soybean
rahman khakzad Behroz Khalil TahmasebiRedroot pigweed is one of the most common dicotyledonous weeds in the world that is widely distributed in many agricultural areas. Thus, in order to evaluate the effect of different management practices on the emergence time of spotted spurge, a split-split plot experim MoreRedroot pigweed is one of the most common dicotyledonous weeds in the world that is widely distributed in many agricultural areas. Thus, in order to evaluate the effect of different management practices on the emergence time of spotted spurge, a split-split plot experiment was conducted in a completely randomized block design with three replications in Dasht-e-Naz Sari in 2016 and 2017. Two tillage systems (Conventional tillage and no-till), three soybean densities (200,000; 300,000 and 400,000 plant ha-1), and three doses of imazethapyr (0, 50, and 100 g ai ha-1) were considered as experimental factors. The redroot pigweed emergence was significantly affected by management practices including tillage system, soybean seeding rate, and imazethapyr dose. Conventional tillage required a thermal time (TT) of 266.72 and 139.33 d °C to reach 50% emergence in 2016 and 2017, respectively, while for no-till, the respective TT requirements were 187.19 and 132.11 d °C. On increasing soyabean density from 200 000 to 400 000 seeds ha-1, the TT requirements for 50% emergence (T50) of redroot pigweed also increased. The T50 at the herbicide dose of 100 g a.i. ha-1 was 234.56 and 142.81 d °C in 2016 and 2017, respectively, while for the non-herbicide treatment, the respective TT requirements were 217.80 and 136.09 d °C. From an integrated weed management perspective, a combination of conventional tillage with a soyabean density of 400 000 seeds ha-1 and a 100 g a.i. ha-1 imazethapyr dose not only resulted in the lowest redroot pigweed seedling density m-2 but also caused the longest delay in the time to reach the T50. This condition provided more time for soybeans to establish better and improve their competitive ability. The results of our study could help to develop effective management strategies for this species. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Predicting seedling emergence of velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti), large crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis), jimsonweed (Daturastramonium) and black nightshade (Solanum nigrum) in different burial depths of soil
Marjan DiyanatKnowledge of emergence ability of weed species from different soil depths is important value in weed management strategies especially at different tillage systems. A greenhouse experiment was conducted to study the effect of soil burial depth on seedling emergence of ve MoreKnowledge of emergence ability of weed species from different soil depths is important value in weed management strategies especially at different tillage systems. A greenhouse experiment was conducted to study the effect of soil burial depth on seedling emergence of velvetleaf, large crab grass, jimsonweed and black nightshade. Seed portions of the species were buried in pots outdoors, at the depths of 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 cm, in a Randomized Completely Block Design with four replications on May 2015. Soil depth had different effect on seedling emergence of weeds species but decreasing emergence with increasing soil depth was observed in all species. At 10 cm, only velvetleaf emerged albeit only in limited numbers among weeds species. Based on parameters of sigmoidal regression model, X50 (depth at which the number of emerged seedlings was halved) varied by weed species. These depths were 7.31, 4.02, 5.44 and 5.40 cm for velvetleaf, large crab grass, jimsonweed and black nightshade, respectively. Information gained in this study will contribute to an integrated control program for these weeds. Deep tillage that will bury weed seed below 6 cm or greater is a possible weed management option for farmers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Effect of plant-derived smoke on germination and seedling growth in some species weed
Marjan DiyanatIn order to evaluate effects of plant-derived smoke on germination and seedling growth in some species weeds an experiment was conducted in factorial based on completely randomized design at laboratory of ecology of Faculty of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University, Scien MoreIn order to evaluate effects of plant-derived smoke on germination and seedling growth in some species weeds an experiment was conducted in factorial based on completely randomized design at laboratory of ecology of Faculty of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, in 2015. First Factor was 12 weed species and second factor was germination treatment consisted of 10-3 M KNO3, 10–4 M GA3, 0.01 and 0.1 (V/V) smoke-extract dilution at constant temperature and alternating temperature. For the study species the relative effectiveness of alternating temperatures, KNO3, GA3 and smoke –extract dilution were compared on germination percentage, mean time to germination and seedling dry weight relative to the control. Results showed that smoke-extract dilution stimulated germination and seedling growth in a number of species weeds and it also had negative impacts on other species weeds. There were significant correlations between the effect of smoke-extract dilution and GA3 on the three measured parameters. None of the treatments were effective on all weed species. In addition, smoke –extract dilution appears to have no negative impact on seedling morphology, as observed with GA3, and may have wide-scale applicability as a germination and early growth stimulant. So smoke may have wide applicability as a germination and seedling growth stimulant in some species weeds. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - The Biology of Berry and Seeds of Ground Cherry (Physalis divaricata L.)
Jamshid Nazari Alam Abdoreza Ahmadi Seyed Karim Mousavi Hamid Rahimian Mashhadi Majid Javadi Fatemeh Rashidian The mortality rate of ground cherry seed (Physalis divaricata L.) was examined at three different depths (0-10-30 cm) of soil and the biology of their berries was studied after shattering in a field for one year in Alashtar in Lorestan province. The type of exper More The mortality rate of ground cherry seed (Physalis divaricata L.) was examined at three different depths (0-10-30 cm) of soil and the biology of their berries was studied after shattering in a field for one year in Alashtar in Lorestan province. The type of experiments was completely randomized design. The viability of seeds within berries was conducted from early formation to completely ripe berry fruits; the emergence method of seedling was studied. The results showed that the berries are formed in late June but seeds within the fruits showed viability 4 weeks later, with 80 percent seed germination. Seeds at depths the 10-30 cm had the least mortality rate, with 98 percent germination, seeds on surface soil showed the most mortality rate, with 86 percent germination after one year. After shedding the berries, a great portion of water was absorbed by them, they were cracked in January, the berries decomposed in March and dispersed completely during April and seeds were shattered. The biology of the germination showed that from each berry under wheat canopy emerged more than 35 seedlings as cluster but after harvesting the wheat, the emergence rate exceeded than 70 germinated seeds per berry. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Investigation Germination Characteristics of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L., cv. Chamran) in Response to Seed Aging
Razieh Danaiee Far Mehran Sharafizade -
Open Access Article
9 - Assessment Regression Relation between Wheat Seed Germination Characteristics Affected Sodium Hypochlorite (NaClO)
Mohammad Khayat -
Open Access Article
10 - Evaluation of slow rusting resistance components in some promising wheat lines of moderate Climate zones to yellow rust in field conditions in Ardebil
Tahereh Dolatkhah Ajirloo Mohammad Torabi Safar Ali SafaviTwenty promising wheat lines together with tow susceptible control cultivars Bolani and Morocco were evaluated for slow rusting resistance in Ardebil during 2013-2014 cropping season. Different components of slow rusting including coefficient of infection (CI), final ru MoreTwenty promising wheat lines together with tow susceptible control cultivars Bolani and Morocco were evaluated for slow rusting resistance in Ardebil during 2013-2014 cropping season. Different components of slow rusting including coefficient of infection (CI), final rust severity (FRS), relative area under diseas progress curve (rAUDPC) and apparent infection rate(r) were assessed at both seedling and adult plant stages under filed condition. Pustule size and pustule density were also measured at both grow stages. The results showed that lines M-91-17 and M-91-4 were susceptible or moderately susceptible at seedling stage but resistant or immune at adult plant stage which indicates the presence of adult plant resistance in these lines. Lines M-91-18, M-91-20, M-91-5, M-91-6 and M-91-7 were moderately resistant at seedling stage but showed favorable levels of slow rusting at adult plant stage. Lines M-91-13, M-91-14, M-91-12 and M-91-8 which were susceptible at seedling stage and showed higher levels of slow rusting at adult plant steges, seems to pocess some adult plant recsistant genes. Susceptible control cultivars had the highest r, CI, FRS, rAUDPC, pustule density and pustule size. Based on the values of the measured traits, except M-91-2, M-91-3, M-91-9, M-91-10, M-91-11, M-91-15 and M-91-16, the remaining lines had medium to high levels of slow rusting resistance. Correlation cofficients between FRS and CI, rAUDPC and r were 98%, 97% and 97%, respectiveiy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Efficacy of the stabilizers of Talaromyces flavus in biological control of sugar beet seedling damping-off disease
Sheedeh Mehraban Booshehri Laleh Naraghi Mohammad TorabiIn the present study, first the superior bioformulations for Talaromyces flavus,containging some chemical stabilizers were determined by measuring the presentage of active spores in bioformulations and then their efficacy in biological control of sugar beet seedli MoreIn the present study, first the superior bioformulations for Talaromyces flavus,containging some chemical stabilizers were determined by measuring the presentage of active spores in bioformulations and then their efficacy in biological control of sugar beet seedling damping-off was investigated in greenhouse. An experiment was performed in split plot based on randomized complete block design with four replications in greenhouse. Three inoculum application methods (soil treatment, seed treatment and combination of both methods) were considered as the main factor and eight different inoculum formulations including six superior bioformulations Dicycloserin-TF-Su-K-1,Dicycloserin-TF-Su-K-2,Dicycloserin-TF-Su-K-3, Carboxymethilcellolose-TF-Su-K-2, Sulfate magnesium-TF-Su-K-3 and Nitratesodium-TF-Su-K-2. together with two control treatments (healthy and infected checks) were considered as the sub-factor.The results indicated that the most effective treatments for biological control of sugar beet damping-off were Dicycloserin stabilizer and isolate TF-Su-K-3, separetely. Results of the interaction effects of inoculum application method and inoculum showed that the treatment of Dicycloserin-TF-Su-K-2 applied as soil treatment or as combination of soil and seed treatment resulted in less disease occurrance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - Effects of Electromagnetic Field and Ultrasonic Waves on Seed Germination, Seedling Characteristics and Essence Percent of Thymes (Thymus vulgaris L.)
Nader Ashnagar Touraj Mir Mahmoodi Nader JalilnejhadThe effect of electromagnetic field and ultrasonic waves on the seed germination, seedling characteristics and essence percent of thymes investigated by using two separate factorial experiments, based on completely randomized design with three replications, at the Seed MoreThe effect of electromagnetic field and ultrasonic waves on the seed germination, seedling characteristics and essence percent of thymes investigated by using two separate factorial experiments, based on completely randomized design with three replications, at the Seed Science and Technology Laboratory of Faculty Agricultural Sciences of Islamic Azad University of Mahabad in 2017. In the first experiment, the seeds were exposed to electromagnetic field with 5, 50 and 100 milli tesla for 5, 15 and 30 minutes, and in the second experiment, the seeds were exposed to ultrasound intensity of 20, 40 and 60 kHz for 4, 8 and 12 minutes. Results of analysis of variance showed that the effects of electromagnetic field intensity by ultrasound intensity interactions were significant on all traits and indices. In this research, the highest germination percentage (97.66%), speed of germination (0.20), root length (8.70 cm), stem length (9.67 cm), root dry weight (41.5 mg), stem dry weight (44.75 mg), seedling dry weight (86.21 mg), plant dry weight (0.82g), and lowest mean germination time (4.84 days) belonged to the seeds treated with electromagnetic field intensity of 50 milli tesla for 15 minutes. The results also revealed that highest germination percentage (90.66%), germination speed (0.21), root length (7.78 cm), stem length (6.65 cm), root dry weight (41.21 mg), stem dry weight (53.60 mg), seedling dry weight (94.80 mg) and plant dry weight (0.55 g) and the lowest mean germination time (4.96 days) were related to 60 KHz ultrasound intensity for 16 minutes. The highest essence percent was produced from seeds treated with electromagnetic fields of 5 milli tesla for 30 minutes (3.44 percent) and 60 KHz ultrasound waves for 16 minutes (2.95 percent). Thus, these treatments are recommended to improve thyme germination and its seedling properties. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - Effect of Seedling Age and Seeding Rate in Nursery on Some Agronomic Traits and Seed Yield of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) cv. Tarom Hashemi
Norollah Kheyri Hamid Reza MobasserTo study the effects of seedling age and seeding rate in nursery on some quantitative traits of rice, a field experiment was conducted as split plot in a randomized complete block design with three replications in Amol during the 2012 growing season. Seedling ages with MoreTo study the effects of seedling age and seeding rate in nursery on some quantitative traits of rice, a field experiment was conducted as split plot in a randomized complete block design with three replications in Amol during the 2012 growing season. Seedling ages with three levels (20, 30 and 40 days old) were considered as main plots and seeding rates with four levels (10, 30, 50 and 70 kg.ha-1) as sub-plots. Results showed that the effect of seedling age on panicle length, total tiller number and fertile tillers per hill, percent of furtile and unfurtile florets and harvest index and seeding rates on seed yield were significant. The interaction effects of experimental treatments on plant height, stem and panicle lengths, number of furtile and unfurtile florets and harvest index were also significant. Increasing seedling age from 20 to 40 days, decreased the total tiller number per hill, number of fertile tillers, percent of furtile florets and harvest index, while, they increased panicle length and number of unfilled florets. The highest seed yield (3033 kg.ha-1) was obtained by seeding rate of 30 kg.ha-1. Increasing seeding rates beyond 30 kg.ha-1, decreased the seed yield by 15% (2567 kg.ha-1). Therefore, using 20 days old seedlings and seeding rate of 30 kg.ha-1 in the nursery plots can be recommended to the Tarom Hashemi cultivar to the experimental site. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - Physical Seed Treatment and Their Effects on Seedling Emergence and Yield of Ribwort Plantain (Plantago lanceolata) in Delayed Sowing Date
Bahram MirshekariTo investigate the possibility of improving seedling emergence, stand establishment and yield of late sown ribwort plantain (Plantago lanceolata) by seed priming pot and field experiments were conducted at the Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran during 2013. The ribwo MoreTo investigate the possibility of improving seedling emergence, stand establishment and yield of late sown ribwort plantain (Plantago lanceolata) by seed priming pot and field experiments were conducted at the Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran during 2013. The ribwort plantain seeds were differently treated by ultrasonication, laser, magnetic field, gamma and beta irradiations all for 3.5 and 5 min. and were sown on 5th and 20th of May. All of the seed priming treatments reduced seedling emergence time, 50 % of seedling emergence and mean emergence time as compared with control. Highest seedling dry weight (0.49 g.plant-1) resulted from magnetic field treatment for 5 min. followed by magnetic field for 3.5 min. and ultrasonic treatments (0.40 g.plant-1). A further reduction in exposure time of magnetic field from 5 to 3.5 min. decreased seedling vigor index. When seeds were sown in 5th and 20th May, maturity period of plots treated with magnetic field and ultrasonic happened to range between 112.2 and 99.7 days after sowing, respectively. Leaf area index remained statistically unaffected due to a delay of 15 days in sowing date. Under field conditions, there was not significant difference between seed yields from sowing dates, and the yield ranged from 176 kg.ha-1 in control, gamma and beta irradiations up to 211 kg.ha-1 in magnetic field and ultrasonic treatments. It can be concluded that priming ribwort plantain seeds by magnetic field and ultrasonic waves would effectively be used to improve the crop performance and yield especially in late sown plants. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - Allelopathic Effect of Essential Oil of Sweet Bay (Laurus nobilis L.) on Germination and Seedling Vigor of Velvetleaf (Abutilon theopharasti L.) and Field Bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis L.)
Bahram MirshekariTo study allelopatic effect of sweet bay essence concentrations (0, 100, 200, 300 and 400 ppm) on germination and early establishment of velvetleaf and field bindweed an experiment was conducted at Islamic Azad University of Tabriz, Iran, during 2013. Results indicated MoreTo study allelopatic effect of sweet bay essence concentrations (0, 100, 200, 300 and 400 ppm) on germination and early establishment of velvetleaf and field bindweed an experiment was conducted at Islamic Azad University of Tabriz, Iran, during 2013. Results indicated that germination percentage of non-treated seeds was 73.3%, and that of treated seeds 64.7%. Plant height at 400 ppm concentration was shorter than other treatments. Mean leaf area per plant of weeds ranged from 13.5 cm2 in control up to 9.7 cm2 in 300 ppm and 400 ppm concertrations. Dry weight per weed plant of the seeds treated with 300 and 400 ppm concentrations was twice lower than of untreated seeds. Vigor index of seedling from seeds treated with 100 and 200 ppm essence and control were 1.5, 1.5 and 2.6 times higher than those treated with 300-400 ppm, respectively. Regression analysis showed that germination percentage, leaf area and dry weight per plant did have higher effect on seedling vigor index. It can be concluded that essential oil of sweet-bay may have potential in controlling weeds, especially in the higher concentrations. Therefor, it could be used in the synthesis of bioherbicides compounds to control weeds. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - Effect of Organic Fertilizers and Date of Planting on Varieties of Vigna radiata in the Initial Growth Stage
M. Gilak Hakim Abadi J.M. Sinaki A. Dashtban A. NouiriniaProper management is required to increase yields of Vigna radiata. To evaluate the effect of different levels of organic fertilizers and date of planting on the yield of two varieties of Vigna radiata, a split plot factorial experiment was carried out on randomized comp MoreProper management is required to increase yields of Vigna radiata. To evaluate the effect of different levels of organic fertilizers and date of planting on the yield of two varieties of Vigna radiata, a split plot factorial experiment was carried out on randomized complete blocks with three replications in a field located in Ali-Abad Katoul in growing season of 2013-14. Experimental factors consisted of organic fertilizer at four levels, 1– control, 2– compost (10 tons in hectare), 3– manure (30 tons in hectare), and 4– combined use of manure and compost (20 tons per hectare), two varieties (native to Ali-Abad Katoul and improved VC) and three planting dates (June 11, July 1, July 21). The results showed a significant effect of planting date on the leaf area, total dry weight, shoot dry weight, leaf dry weight, stem length at 1%, and the same effect on the root penetration in the initial growth stage of the plants (seedlings) and 5% levels of probabilities respectivly. The application of organic fertilizers (compost, manure, and a compost and manure mixture) had a significant effect on the plant height and root depth at the 5% level of probabilites. Al together, the local Ali-Abad Katoul variety grew better than the VC variety. We conclude that the environment compatibility of variety, proper planting dates and use of organic fertilizers, especially mixed with manure compost, can have a positive effect on Vigna radiata growth. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - Impact of some Environmental Factors on Germination and Emergence Characteristics of Black Henbane (Hyoscyamus niger), Ground Cherry (Physalis divaricata) and Curly Dock (Rumex crispus)
رضا Gorbani E. ZeidAli M. HoseainiTo understand germination and emergence characteristics of black henbane, ground cherry and curly dock a laboratory experiment, based on randomized complete block design with four replications, was carried out at the Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashha MoreTo understand germination and emergence characteristics of black henbane, ground cherry and curly dock a laboratory experiment, based on randomized complete block design with four replications, was carried out at the Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad in 2012. Treatments were temperature ranges (5/15, 10/20, 15/25, 15/30 and 20/35 ° C night / day) and different levels of salinity (0, 10, 20, 40, 80, 160 and 320 mM of NaCl). The effect of pH adjusted to 5-9 by using acid buffer solution. Seeds were planted at different depth (0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 cm) to study their effects on seedling emergence. Results showed that black henbane exhibited highest germination percentage at 25/15 diurnal tempratures, with 86.50 and 60.50 respectivly for daylight and complete darkness. Germination of ground cherry was highest (93%) at 10/20 diurnal temprature and 41% in complete darkness. Highest germination percentage for curly dock at diurnal temperatures of 20/10, 25/15 and 30/20 with light / dark regime of constant darkness was abserved. The seeds at diurnal temprature of 35/25 in both light regimes did not germinate. Increasing salinity reduced germination. Increasing the osmotic potential, also reduced germination significantly. Highest germination percentage of black henbane (97%) was observed at pH 7, and lowest germination (17%) at pH 9. Increasing planting depth reduced seedling emergence significantly. Germination percentages of ground cherry and curly dock at pH 6 and 7 were highest (97% and 96% respectively) and lowest 26 and 25 % respectively at pH 9. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - Effect of Planting Date on Yield and Different Trait Variations of Seeds from Cotton Pickings of Varamin Cultivar
Abbas Abhari Esmaeil Gholinezhad Ali Rahemi KarizakiThe objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of sowing and picking dates on lint yield and its component, germination and seed vigor of Varamin cultivar of cotton. To this end, experiments were carried out as split-plot in time based on randomized complete bl MoreThe objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of sowing and picking dates on lint yield and its component, germination and seed vigor of Varamin cultivar of cotton. To this end, experiments were carried out as split-plot in time based on randomized complete block design with three replications at the cotton fields of Kizor in Sabzvar in 2013. Treatments were four sowing dates (May 8, May 20, Jun 2 and Jun 14 of 2013) and two picking dates (the harvest date of first picking for first to fourth planting dates were September23, September29, October 14 and October 27. The harvest dates of second picking for first to fourth planting dates were October 7, October 12, October 24 and November 11). Standard germination and cool germination tests for different temperatures were also performed. 1000-seed weight, number of normal seedlings and dry weight of normal seedlings were measured. Results showed that the effect of planting date, picking and their interaction effects on lint yield, seed thousand weight, number of bolls per plant, single plant weight, number of normal seedlings, dry weight of normal seedlings, germination percent, lint length and electrical conductivity were found to be significant. Highest (3693.3 kg.ha-1) and lowest (1023.00 kg.ha-1) lint yields obtained from the first picking of first planting and second picking of fourth planting, respectively. The number of normal seedlings and dry weight of normal seedlings didn’t follow a special process in standard germination test, but the number of normal seedlings produced from cool germination test of first picking with delay in sowing date was decreased in a linear form. The number of normal seedlings from alternate temperatures (one week in 18°C and the other week in 28°C) “except the first sowing date” was decreased. Results showed that by delaying sowing date (at the range of this study) seed vigor decreased. According to the results of this research, the first planting date (May 8) could be recommeded for growing Varamin cultivar for higher lint yield to this region. But, for seed production, the first picking of second planting date (May 20) is recommended. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - Effect of salinity stress on germination and seedling characteristics of Artemisia annua L.
Mohammad Hosein Bijeh Keshavarzi Heshmat OmidiSalinity stress is a significant factor that imposes limitations on the growth and productivity of crops. Like other living organisms, plants are susceptible to various stresses and can suffer damage when exposed to them.Under conditions of salinity stress, the stages o MoreSalinity stress is a significant factor that imposes limitations on the growth and productivity of crops. Like other living organisms, plants are susceptible to various stresses and can suffer damage when exposed to them.Under conditions of salinity stress, the stages of germination and seedling growth become particularly crucial in the life cycle of plants.Artemisia annua L., an important medicinal plant with a long history of use in traditional Iranian and other Asian medicine, was the subject of investigation in this research.The aim was to examine the impact of salinity stress on the germination process(both in terms of percentage and rate)and the characteristics of seedlings(such as radicle length,plumule length, fresh weight, and dry weight)in Artemisia annua L.The study was carried out in 2023,employing a completely randomized design with four replications at the Department of Agronomy in Shahid University.The experimental treatments consisted of four levels of salinity(0,50,100,and150 mM)induced by sodium chloride salt.The data obtained were analyzed using SAS software, and the means were compared utilizing the Duncan test at a 5%probability level.The findings of this experiment demonstrated that the control treatment(without salinity)exhibited the highest percentage and speed of germination, as well as the longest radicle and plumule lengths, and the greatest fresh and dry weights of the seedlings.Germination was not observed at concentrations of 150mM and higher.Hence, based on the outcomes of this study, it can be concluded that salinity stress has an adverse impact on the germination process and seedling growth of Artemisia annua L.,revealing the plant's heightened sensitivity to salinity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - چکیده این تحقیق به منظور بررسی تاثیر اندازه مساحت روشنه حاصل از برشهای تک گزینی بر زندهمانی نهالهای نهالستانی و جنگلی راش شرقی (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) در سه حفره تاج پوشش (با سطوح 50، 200، 600 متر مربعی) یک تودۀ راش در مجاورت نهالستان اوریملک سنگده به همراه یک
hamid ghiasoddin abbas jamshidi bakhtar mohammadreza poormajidian masood tabari koochaksarei shohreh aami kambiz espahbodiThis study was designed to investigate the effects of gap size on seedling of oreintal beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) survival in GAP SIZE (2/0, 5/1, 7 ar) with an open space adjacent to the nursery Avrymlk Sangdeh. in t MoreThis study was designed to investigate the effects of gap size on seedling of oreintal beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) survival in GAP SIZE (2/0, 5/1, 7 ar) with an open space adjacent to the nursery Avrymlk Sangdeh. in the center of each gap, were prepared 8 plots of 2.5*2.5 m and were planted 36 seedlings in each plot. The results revealed that the percentage of survival of nurseries seedlings after the fourth growing season showed significant differences in the various gap areas. Nurseries and forest Seedlings freshness in gaps with area smaller was significantly higher than the gaps with area larger. Gap area affected on nurseries seedling significantly so that larger gaps diameter was higher. Maximum value height growth was for nurseries seedlings in 600 m2 gap. Gap effect on the terminal bud (P< 0.05) was significant and the greatest amount was for forest seedlings in open space. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - The impact of Silica fertilizer on growth, biomass and nutrient absorption of potted seedlings of Persian oak
Mehrdad Zarafshar Seyed Kazem Bordbar Mohammad Matinizadeh Alireza Abbasi Mohammadreza Negahdarsaber Shahram Ahmadi Saied Bahrami Hassan RezaieThe study of various affecting factors in order to promote seedling growth at nursery and afforestation areas is very important. Although silicon is not recognized as an essential element in plants, it has very beneficial effects on plant species. For this purpose, an e MoreThe study of various affecting factors in order to promote seedling growth at nursery and afforestation areas is very important. Although silicon is not recognized as an essential element in plants, it has very beneficial effects on plant species. For this purpose, an experiment was conducted following a completely randomized design with 5 treatments to evaluate different concentrations of silica on some growth parameters and nutrient uptake in Iranian oak seedlings. For each treatment, 10 pots were considered and treatments were performed including control and irrigation treatments with concentrations of 50, 150, 350 and 500 mg L-1 silica (based on field capacity). The result showed that silica had no statistically significant effect on basic diameter but root volume and stem diameter in seedlings treated with 500 mg L-1 were greatre around more than 50% in comparison with control seedlings. On the other hand, seedlings treated with 500 mg L-1 silica had the highest dry biomass compared to control and other treatments so that the leaf, stem and root biomass of the treatment were higher around 68-80% than control seedlings. The highest absorption of nitrogen, potassium and calcium were observed in 150 mg L-1 treatment. However, at low concentrations, silica decreased the uptake of manganese, copper and zinc and decreased the amount of iron uptake in the presence of silicon. Finally, it can be concluded that the use of silica in this study increased the total biomass of oak seedlings and also increased the absorption of macro elements so, the finding can be considered in forest nursery to seedling production. Nevertheless, further studies are needed to understand its mechanism, including gene and protein expression analysis. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - Resistance comparison of one-year old seedlings of Cappadocian Maple (Acer cappadocicum) and European ash (Fraxinus excelsior) under soil contaminated by lead
Hooman Abbasi Mohammadreza Pourmajidian Seyed mohammad hodjat اصغر فلاحIdentifying tree species candidate for phytoremediation is very important. However, its prerequisite is conducting comprehensive studies on tree species and evaluation of the plants’ potential. The current research surveyed resistance of two native species of Hyrc MoreIdentifying tree species candidate for phytoremediation is very important. However, its prerequisite is conducting comprehensive studies on tree species and evaluation of the plants’ potential. The current research surveyed resistance of two native species of Hyrcanian forest Acer cappadocicum and Fraxinus excelsior at seedling stage. In this regard, one-year old seedlings of both species were grown under different concentrations of lead including 0, 100, 200, 300,400, and 500 milligram lead per kilogram soil during a growth season. During a growth season photosynthetic indexes such as gas exchange, net photosynthesis rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, and substomatal CO2 concentration as well as growth and biomass allocation were studied. The results showed that the presence of lead as a heavy metal led to decline of photosynthesis performance of both species but the inhibitory effects of Pb was less in seedlings of ash. Height and diameter growth as well as seedling biomass of both species were decreased by negative effects of lead but there was no considerable difference between two species. Our finding showed that under the experimental condition, there was no significant difference between resistances of two native species to lead contaminated soil but for making a better decision, further studies are necessary with stronger contamination and for a longer period. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - Evaluation of the effects of flooding and drought environment on the emergence of gene regions controlling rice (Oryza sativa L.) seedling traits using SSR markers
bahareh ghasemi hossein sabouri hossein hossein moghaddam Abbas Biabani mohamad javad Shykh zadehIdentification of genes related to stresses tolerance and mechanisms of tolerance is an important factor for developing tolerant plants. For this purpose, an experiment was conducted based on completely random design with three replications with 99 rice genotypes under MoreIdentification of genes related to stresses tolerance and mechanisms of tolerance is an important factor for developing tolerant plants. For this purpose, an experiment was conducted based on completely random design with three replications with 99 rice genotypes under flooding and drought stress at Gonbad Kavous University in 2018. To apply drought stress, irrigation was stopped at the three-leaf stage. According to the humidity curve, the stress level of 2% by weight moisture was estimated to be -0.55 MPa. Significant differences were detected between traits in both conditions. The result of association analysis of molecular and phenotype studies under flooding condition revealed that among the alleles, the RM129A allele with stem fresh weight and root length, the RM129G allele with root fresh weight and the width of the largest leaf, the RM129B allele with root dry weight and the length of the largest leaf, the RM1029I allele with stem dry weight and the length of the largest leaf, and under the drought condition, the RM1029G allele with stem dry weight, root volume, and the number of roots were maximally associated with the relevant traits under study. RM1029 was recognized as one of the most important primers at the seedling stage. The results of this research can be used to increase drought tolerance in rice varieties. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - Evaluation of effects of seed size and seed deterioration on seed germination and seedling growth of wheat
حسین AjamNorouzi افشین Soltani A.A NoriniaIn other to evaluation of effects of seed size, and deterioration of the Seedling germination and growth of wheat in a laboratory test in year 2008 at Agricultural laboratory of Islamic Azad University of Gorgan branch. The experimental design was factorial (5×3), MoreIn other to evaluation of effects of seed size, and deterioration of the Seedling germination and growth of wheat in a laboratory test in year 2008 at Agricultural laboratory of Islamic Azad University of Gorgan branch. The experimental design was factorial (5×3), in the form in randomized completed design with 3 replications. Conducted seed size in 3 levels (Small, medium and Large) and seed deterioration in 5 levels (0, 10, 20, 30, and 40 days in 40oC). Results indicated that treatments were 0, 10, 20, 30, and 40 days of deterioration germination percentage maximum, day until 50% germination, root length, root, weight and shoot drymather, hetrotrophy weight decreased with increase in deterioration period. too results indicated that significant difference between treatments were seed size such as day until 50% germination, root and shoot lengthand drymather and hetrotrophy wieght. Improved seeds to increase the size of many measured factors was effective. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - Effect of salinity stress on germination and seedling characteristics of Artemisia annua L.
Mohammad Hosein Bijeh Keshavarzi Heshmat OmidiSalinity stress is a significant factor that imposes limitations on the growth and productivity of crops. Like other living organisms, plants are susceptible to various stresses and can suffer damage when exposed to them.Under conditions of salinity stress, the stages o MoreSalinity stress is a significant factor that imposes limitations on the growth and productivity of crops. Like other living organisms, plants are susceptible to various stresses and can suffer damage when exposed to them.Under conditions of salinity stress, the stages of germination and seedling growth become particularly crucial in the life cycle of plants.Artemisia annua L., an important medicinal plant with a long history of use in traditional Iranian and other Asian medicine, was the subject of investigation in this research.The aim was to examine the impact of salinity stress on the germination process(both in terms of percentage and rate)and the characteristics of seedlings(such as radicle length,plumule length, fresh weight, and dry weight)in Artemisia annua L.The study was carried out in 2023,employing a completely randomized design with four replications at the Department of Agronomy in Shahid University.The experimental treatments consisted of four levels of salinity(0,50,100,and150 mM)induced by sodium chloride salt.The data obtained were analyzed using SAS software, and the means were compared utilizing the Duncan test at a 5%probability level.The findings of this experiment demonstrated that the control treatment(without salinity)exhibited the highest percentage and speed of germination, as well as the longest radicle and plumule lengths, and the greatest fresh and dry weights of the seedlings.Germination was not observed at concentrations of 150mM and higher.Hence, based on the outcomes of this study, it can be concluded that salinity stress has an adverse impact on the germination process and seedling growth of Artemisia annua L.,revealing the plant's heightened sensitivity to salinity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - بهبود جوانه زنی و رشد گیاه دارویی گلپر ایرانی (Heracleum persicum Desf) تحت تأثیر آماده سازی اسمزی بذر
فاطمه چراغی سهراب محمودی مجید جامی الاحمدی سهیل پارسامقدمه و هدف: جوانه‏زنی و استقرار گیاهان دارویی به علت قوه نامیه کمی ‏که بذور این گیاهان دارند عموماً با مشکل مواجه است. پرایمینگ بذر از جمله روش‏هایی است که منجر به افزایش قابلیت جوانه‏زنی در طیف وسیعی از گیاهان می‏شود. هدف کلی تحقیق حاضر تعیین Moreمقدمه و هدف: جوانه‏زنی و استقرار گیاهان دارویی به علت قوه نامیه کمی ‏که بذور این گیاهان دارند عموماً با مشکل مواجه است. پرایمینگ بذر از جمله روش‏هایی است که منجر به افزایش قابلیت جوانه‏زنی در طیف وسیعی از گیاهان می‏شود. هدف کلی تحقیق حاضر تعیین موثرترین ماده پرایمینگ، غلظت و مدت زمان پرایمینگ بر جوانه‏زنی و رشد گیاهچه گلپر بود.روش تحقیق: آزمایشی به صورت فاکتوریل بر پایه طرح بلوک‏های کامل تصادفی در آزمایشگاه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بیرجند به اجرا درآمد. فاکتورهای آزمایش شامل نوع ماده پرایمینگ (KNO3,CaCl2 و پلی اتیلن گلایکول)، سطوح پتانسیل اسمزی (5/0-، 1- و 5/1- مگاپاسکال) و مدت زمان تیمار (12 و 24 ساعت) بودند.نتایج و بحث: نتایج نشان داد که نوع ماده پرایمینگ بر تمامی‏شاخص‏های اندازه گیری شده اثر معنی دار دارد. سطح پتانسیل اسمزی بر سرعت جوانه‏زنی تأثیر معنی داری داشته است. اثر مدت زمان پرایمینگ بر صفات سرعت جوانه‏زنی و میانگین مدت جوانه‏زنی معنی دار بود. در بین تیمارها در صفات درصد، سرعت و میانگین مدت جوانه‏زنی و شاخص بنیه گیاهچه، تیمار CaCl2 در 5/0- مگاپاسکال به مدت 24 ساعت بهترین درصد جوانه‏زنی، تیمار پلی اتیلن گلایکول 1- مگاپاسکال به مدت 24 ساعت بهترین سرعت جوانه‏زنی، تیمار KNO3 در 1- مگاپاسکال به مدت 24 ساعت کمترین میانگین مدت جوانه‏زنی و تیمار پلی اتیلن گلایکول به مدت 12 ساعت و 5/1- مگاپاسکال بهترین شاخص بنیه گیاهچه را نشان دادند. بنابراین می‏توان نتیجه گرفت با اعمال تیمارهای مناسب پرایمینگ می‏توان باعث بهبود در جوانه‏زنی گیاه دارویی گلپر شد.توصیه کاربردی/ صنعتی: نتایج آزمایش نشان داد پرایمینگ موجب افزایش خصوصیات جوانه زنی در گیاه گلپر می‏شود. با توجه به این­که از کومارین موجود در ریشه این گیاه در صنایع مختلف استفاده می‏شود و از سوی دیگر بذر این گیاه جوانه زنی ضعیفی دارد؛ می‏توان با پرایمینگ آن جوانه زنی و استقرار این گیاه را بهبود بخشید و موجب افزایش در تولید آن شد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - Effect of Hydroponic Barley Seedlings Substituting for Different Ratios of Basal Diets on Serum Biochemical Indexes and Rumen Fluid Microbial Diversity in Lactating Ewes
Y. Ma T. Guo Z. Zhang G. Amat Y. Jing Y. Tuo L. Hou -
Open Access Article
28 - EDTA effects on seedling emergence and growth of Chenopodium album (L.) in Pb contaminated soil.
Mahdieh Ebrahimi -
Open Access Article
29 - Evaluation of salinity tolerance of different clover species at germination and seedling stages
Forogh Hajivand Ghassemabadi Hamidreza Eisvand Omid Ali Akbarpour -
Open Access Article
30 - Identification of QTLs related to rice seedling traits under K deficiency stress in Iranian inbred lines population
Hossein Sabouri Abdollatif Gholizadeh Sharifeh Alegh , Somayyeh Sanchouli Mahnaz Katouzi -
Open Access Article
31 - Distribution Pattern of Silicon Transporters in Maize Seedling
Kourosh Delavar Faezeh Ghanati Mehrdad Behmanesh Hassan Zare-Maivan -
Open Access Article
32 - افزایش کیفیت جوانه زنی و رشد نهال در بذرهای Antirrhinum, Dahlia, Impatiens, Salvia و Zinnia
ایرن اوزدن Sıtkı Ermiş ابراهیم دمیراین مطالعه برای بررسی اثر هیدروپرایمینگ روی جوانه­زنی بذر و رشد دانهال 5 گونه گل بذری (میمون، کوکب، حنا، مریم گلی و آهار) انجام شد. هیدروپرایمینگ (20 درجه سانتی­گراد به مدت 24 ساعت)، خشک کردن سطحی یا خشک کردن در حد رطوبت اولیه، باعث افزایش درصد جوانه­زنی، ظه Moreاین مطالعه برای بررسی اثر هیدروپرایمینگ روی جوانه­زنی بذر و رشد دانهال 5 گونه گل بذری (میمون، کوکب، حنا، مریم گلی و آهار) انجام شد. هیدروپرایمینگ (20 درجه سانتی­گراد به مدت 24 ساعت)، خشک کردن سطحی یا خشک کردن در حد رطوبت اولیه، باعث افزایش درصد جوانه­زنی، ظهور گیاهچه و وزن تر و خشک شد. در تمام گونه­ها، حداکثر جوانه­زنی و ظهور گیاهچه در خشک کردن سطحی حاصل شد. حداکثر سودمندی در گل­های میمون و کوکب به چشم خورد. در این دو گونه، خشک کردن سطحی بذرها باعث به­ترتیب 18 و 17 درصد جوانه­زنی بیشتر و 20 و 13 درصد ظهور گیاهچه بیشتر در مقایسه با شاهد شد. در همه­ی گونه­ها، اگرچه این تیمارها اثر مثبت داشت؛ اما اثر آن کمتر بود. به­طورکلی می­توان نتیجه گرفت که هیدروپرایمینگ می­تواند کیفیت دانهال را در گل­های بذری بالا ببرد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
33 - Effect of Nanoscale Titanium Dioxide Particles on the Germination and Growth of Canola (Brassica napus)
H. Mahmoodzadeh M. Nabavi H. KashefiAn investigation was initiated to examine the effects of nanoscale titanium dioxide particles on plant growth and development. In view of the widespread cultivation of canola in Iran and in other parts of the globe and in view of the potential influence of titanium on i MoreAn investigation was initiated to examine the effects of nanoscale titanium dioxide particles on plant growth and development. In view of the widespread cultivation of canola in Iran and in other parts of the globe and in view of the potential influence of titanium on its growth, this plant was chosen as the model system. Canola seeds were separately treated with different concentrations of nanoscale titanium dioxide (10, 100, 1000, 1200, 1500, 1700 and 2000 mg l-1 and the effect this treatment was studied on seed germination and seedling vigor. Treatment of nanoscale TiO2(20 nm mean particle size) at 2000 mg l-1 concentration promoted both seed germination and seedling vigor . The lowest and the highest germination rate were obtained in 1500 and 2000 mg l-1 treatments, respectively. Higher concentrations of nanoscale TiO2 (1200 and 1500 mg l-1) showed large radicle and plumule growth of seedling compared to other concentrations and control. The inhibitory effect with lower nanoparticle concentration reveals the need for judicious usage of these particles in such applications. This is the first report on the effect of nanoscale particles on canola growth. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
34 - Effects of Crude Oil Contaminated Soil on Biomass Accumulation in Jatropha curcas L. Seedlings
O.M Agbogidi,A study was conducted in 2010 to investigate the effects of crude oil contaminated soil on biomass accumulation inJatropha curcas seedlings in Asaba, Delta State, Nigeria. Oil levels used were 0.0, 2.0, 4.0, 6.0, 8.0 and 10.0% w/w. The trial was arranged in a randomized MoreA study was conducted in 2010 to investigate the effects of crude oil contaminated soil on biomass accumulation inJatropha curcas seedlings in Asaba, Delta State, Nigeria. Oil levels used were 0.0, 2.0, 4.0, 6.0, 8.0 and 10.0% w/w. The trial was arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replications and monitored for 12 weeks after transplanting. Results showed that contamination of soil with crude oil significantly reduced (P£ 0.05) biomass accumulation when compared with seedlings grown in the uncontaminated subplots. A negative interaction was observed between the soil crude oil level and weight gained inJ. curcas seedlings. For instance, while the fresh weight of seedlings grown in 0.0% w/w of oil was 3.0g, as low as 2.1g was recorded for seedling exposed to 10.0g w/w of the oil. This study has demonstrated that crude oil contamination of soil has a significant effect of reducing the biomass accumulation in the seedlings of Jatropha cruces. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
35 - اثر نو LED روی جوانهزنی بذر و کیفیت دانهالهای چهار گل فصلی
بهناز اکبریان منصور مطلوبی ناصر مهنادر سالهای اخیر، کاربرد دیودهای نورافشان (LED) در باغبانی به عنوان نور مصنوعی باخصوصیات طول موج قابل انتخاب، عمر طولانی، اندازۀ کوچک، درجه حرارت کم، کاهش مصرف انرژی و هزینه بهرهبرداری، مورد توجه قرار گرفته است. در این تحقیق اثر کیفیت نور دیودهای نورافشان شامل نور قرمز، Moreدر سالهای اخیر، کاربرد دیودهای نورافشان (LED) در باغبانی به عنوان نور مصنوعی باخصوصیات طول موج قابل انتخاب، عمر طولانی، اندازۀ کوچک، درجه حرارت کم، کاهش مصرف انرژی و هزینه بهرهبرداری، مورد توجه قرار گرفته است. در این تحقیق اثر کیفیت نور دیودهای نورافشان شامل نور قرمز، نور آبی، ترکیب نور قرمز و آبی با نسبت 75 به 25 درصد و نور سفید فلورسنت، بر جوانهزنی و رشد نشای چهار گل فصلی شامل آهار (Zinnia elegans)، حنا (Impatiens balsamina)، اطلسی (Petunia × hybrida) و شاهپسند (Verbena aubletia) بررسی گردید. پس از کشت بذر، گیاهان در محیط کنترل شده با طول مدّت نوردهی 12 ساعت در روز قرار گرفتند. حداکثر درصد، سرعت و ارزش ظهور گیاهچه در نور قرمز مشاهده شد. بااینحال، اثر کیفیت نور بر خصوصیات رشدی انواع گیاهان، متفاوت بود. نور آبی، موجب افزایش معنیدار تعداد برگ در آهار و حنا گردید. در حنا، نور قرمز موجب افزایش قطر ساقه گردید، در حالیکه، قطر ساقه اطلسی در نور آبی به طور معنی دار افزایش یافت. به طور کلی، افزودن 25% نور آبی به قرمز موجب کاهش طول هیپوکوتیل و ساقه و افزایش طول و وزن تر ریشه نسبت به فلورسنت گردید. کیفیت نور در مدّت ظهور گیاهچه، زمان رسیدن به مرحله برگ حقیقی، مرحله چهار برگی و وزن تر شاخه، تاثیری نداشت. بر اساس نتایج این آزمایش، ال ئی دی بهعنوان یک گزینه مناسب جهت نور مصنوعی در محیط کنترل شده برای تولید نشاء، قابل استفاده است. نتایج نشان میدهد که نور قرمز خالص، موجب بهبود جوانهزنی گردید و با وجود اختلافات بین انواع گیاهان آزمایششده، اغلب آنها واکنش مثبت نسبت به ترکیب نور قرمز و آبی نشان دادند. بنابراین نسبت نوری 75:25 درصد (آبی: قرمز) میتواند ترکیب مناسبی برای تهیّه نشاء گلهای فصلی باکیفیت مناسب باشد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
36 - Effect of salicylic acid and gibberellic acid pre-treatment on accumulation of some ions and germination indices in canola (Brassica napus L.) under salt stress condition
Mahta Haghjoo Abdollah Bahranihigh germination rate and vigorous early growth under salty soils is preferred. In this study germination and seedling growth of a canola (Brassica napus L.) cultivar (Hayola 401) was assessed using in a factorial laid out in three separate experiments as Completely Ran Morehigh germination rate and vigorous early growth under salty soils is preferred. In this study germination and seedling growth of a canola (Brassica napus L.) cultivar (Hayola 401) was assessed using in a factorial laid out in three separate experiments as Completely Randomized Design (CRD) testing combinations of four levels of salinity (0, 80, 160 and 240 mMol NaCl) and three levels of salicylic acid (0, 0.5 and 1 m gr Lit) in the first experiment, the same salinity levels with four levels of gibberellic acid (0,1.5, 3 and 4.5 m Mol) in the second experiment and the same salinity levels with four levels of abscisic acid (0, 2, 4 and 6 m Mol Lit) in the third experiment. Results showed that germination percentage and germination rate was significantly increased by salicylic acid (SA) and gibberellic acid (GA) under salinity conditions compared to non-treatment of these two hormones. Priming with SA could not improve radicle length and radicle dry weight in all salinity levels. Application of GA enhanced radicle and hypocotyl length in all salinity levels compared to untreated seeds with treatment. ABA decreased germination percentage to about 12 % in 2 m Mol than control. Priming with ABA could not improve radicle length in all salinity levels. Seeds primed with ABA improved dry weight of seedlings as compared to non-treatment of ABA under non salinity and salinity conditions. In general, tolerance to salinity in canola seed increased with SA, GA and ABA compared to control. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
37 - The effect of harvesting time on germination characteristics and some antioxidant properties of different wheat varieties
Marzieh Shakerian1 Mojtaba Alavifazel2* Mani Mojaddam3In order to study the effect of harvesting time on germination characteristics and some antioxidant properties of different wheat varieties, this study was carried out in a factorial in a completely randomized design with three replications in Izeh city. The experiment MoreIn order to study the effect of harvesting time on germination characteristics and some antioxidant properties of different wheat varieties, this study was carried out in a factorial in a completely randomized design with three replications in Izeh city. The experiment factors consisted of harvesting time at two levels of harvesting in hard-paste and harvesting stage at maturity stage and bread and durum wheat cultivars in six levels of Natasha, Aflak, Chamran, Dehdasht, Behrang and Karkheh. The results showed that the highest antioxidant content of the seeds, such as polyphenol, flavonoids and antioxidant capacity, belonged to Chamran cultivar and harvest at maturity stage. The least of these cultivars was Aflak and Karkheh cultivars in the stage of hardening. Also, harvest time significantly affected germination percentage and seedling length of different wheat cultivars. The percentage of germination with accelerated grain harvest decreased significantly. In interaction, harvest time and cultivar had the highest percentage of seed germination (99%) to Chamran and Dehdasht cultivars and harvest at seedling stage. Reducing the percentage of germination and consequently reducing seedling length with accelerated seed harvesting in the dough step of hardening of the seeds resulted in reduced seed yield. In general, maximum germination and antioxidant content was obtained from harvesting stage at maturity stage. Chamran cultivar compared to other cultivars showed significant superiority in terms of traits. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
38 - Evaluation the effects of drought Stress Induced by Polyethylene glycol on germination and seedling growth of maize hybrids
Mohammad Moradi Ahmad Hasnaki Fard Mohammad MotamediWater deficit is a common and major constrain for agricultural production in arid and semi-arid parts of the world like Iran, to the extent that it might threaten the nation’s food security in years to come. Seed germination is a crucial growth stage that is often MoreWater deficit is a common and major constrain for agricultural production in arid and semi-arid parts of the world like Iran, to the extent that it might threaten the nation’s food security in years to come. Seed germination is a crucial growth stage that is often affected by environmental stresses, including drought. This study investigated the effects of four levels of water osmotic potential (i.e. 0, -3, -6 and -9 bar) on germination and seedling characteristics, of three maize hybrids )SC500, SC640 and SC704). According to the results, different levels of drought stress, type of cultivar and intraction beatween them had significant effect on measured characteristics. Results also showed that significant decrease was observed in the percentage and rate of germination, radicule and plumule of long and weight and seedling total dry matter. SC500 as a drought-tolerant hybrid, indicated the greatest germination percentage radicle and plumule length, radicle and plumule dry weight than the other cultivars. So, this hybrid was more tolerance to water stress. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
39 - The effects of silicate and silicon nanoparticles on seed germination and growth parameters of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.)
Sanam Nazaralian Ahmad Majd Saeed Irian Farrokh Ghahremaninejad Farzaneh Najafi Maria GregerThe addition of silica increase plant biomass growth. The aim of this study was to find out if silicate and nano silica (SiNP) influence the growth processes in fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) similarly. Plants were grown from seed with 0-2.5 mM of sodium silic MoreThe addition of silica increase plant biomass growth. The aim of this study was to find out if silicate and nano silica (SiNP) influence the growth processes in fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) similarly. Plants were grown from seed with 0-2.5 mM of sodium silicate and SiNP in hydroculture for up to 30 days. Germination, seedlings development and other growth parameters in fenugreek plantsas well as Si uptake was examined. The results showed that Si concentration in root and shoot increased with Si addition. Seed germination and vitality index increased with Si at day 4 after seeding, but the effect was then levelled out. Seedlings length and fresh weight (FW), whole plant length and leaf area increased while dry weight (DW) and DW: FW ratio of shoot and radicle length decreased with silicate and SiNP treatment. The root central cylinder increased in diameter in young roots and the lignified tissue of the endodermis cells increased in thickness. The effects by silicate and SiNP was similar but the increase in whole plant length and cell wall thickness and the decrease in DW: FW ratio of shoot and radicle length was slightly more pronounced with SiNP than with silicate.In conclusion, both silicate and SiNP in general have similar effects on plant growth and therefore SiNP can be used instead of silicate. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
40 - Effects of Silica and Silver Nanoparticles on Seed Germination Traits of Thymus kotschyanus in Laboratory Conditions
Masoomeh Abbasi Khalaki Ardavan Ghorbani Mehdi Moameri -
Open Access Article
41 - Evaluation of Profitability of Seed Priming for Improvement Seed Germination Performance of Two Rangeland Plants (Festuca ovina and Bromus tomentellus) under Drought Conditions
Hamdollah Eskandari Ashraf Alizadeh Amraie -
Open Access Article
42 - Effect of Mycorrhiza, Zeolite and Superabsorbent on Growth and Primary Establishment of Agropyron desertorum in Mining Field (Case Study: Mashhad′ Shargh Cement Factory, Iran)
Reyhaneh Azimi Gholam Ali Heshmati Mohammad Farzam Morteza Goldani -
Open Access Article
43 - Effects of Planting Date and Biofertilizer on Seedling Growth of Thymus daenensis Celak and T. vulgaris L. Cultivated in Borujerd, Iran
Sajad Shams Beyranvand Mohammad Farzam Ali Ariapour Jafar Nabati -
Open Access Article
44 - Studying the Impacts of Cold Temperature on Morphological and Phonological Development of Poa pratensis and Poa trivialis Regarding GDD
Ebrahim Baghdadi Ali Ashraf Jafari Mohammad Ali Alizadeh Amir Hossain Gorji -
Open Access Article
45 - Effect of plant density and planting pattern on yield components and yield of rice (Oryza sativa L.) var. Tarom Amrollahi
norollah kheyri حمیدرضا MOBASER بهنام masoodi پرویز YADOLAHIIn order to study the effects of plant density and planting pattern on agronomic traits of rice (var. Tarom Amrollahi), a field experiment was conducted as a factorial in a randomized complete block design with three replications in Amol in 2013. Treatments consisted of MoreIn order to study the effects of plant density and planting pattern on agronomic traits of rice (var. Tarom Amrollahi), a field experiment was conducted as a factorial in a randomized complete block design with three replications in Amol in 2013. Treatments consisted of three levels of plant density (1, 3 and 5 seedlings per hill) and four levels of planting pattern (15×15, 20×20, 25×25 and 30×30 cm2). Results showed that the interaction effect between plant density and planting pattern was significant on all traits, except fertile tiller number per hill. Increasing the plant density, decreased the plant height, panicle length and number of filled and unfilled grain, but increased the panicle number per m2 and grain yield. Changing the planting pattern from 30×30 to 15×15 cm2, decreased the fertile tiller number per hill by 56.9 %. The treatment of 25×25 and 30×30 cm2 planting pattern with 5 seedlings per hill was represented the highest amount of 1000-grain weight. The highest grain yield was obtained in the treatment of 20×20 cm2 planting pattern and 3 seedlings per hill with the average of 6550 kg.ha-1. It seems that, the plant density of 3 seedlings per hill and planting pattern of 20×20 cm2 was considered as the best planting density for rice of var. Tarom Amrollahi. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
46 - Investigation of seedling emergence of bean and maize affected by sowing depth with using probit models
Behnam Behtari Adel Dabbagh mohammadi nasab Kazem Ghassemi Golezani Mohammad reza ShakibaSeedling emergence probably is the single most important phenological event that influences the success of an annual plant. The main objective of this study was to develop a seedling emergence model for green bean and maize and select a best-fitted model associated with MoreSeedling emergence probably is the single most important phenological event that influences the success of an annual plant. The main objective of this study was to develop a seedling emergence model for green bean and maize and select a best-fitted model associated with sowing depth. A factorial experiment based on completely randomized design was conducted in 2015 at Research Farm of Mohaghegh Ardabili University, to quantify the response of seedling emergence to sowing depth. Treatments were four sowing depths (2, 4, 6 and 8 cm) in three replications. The results indicated that the percentage emergences of both species in the first two levels of sowing depth (2 and 4 cm) were high, but at deeper levels, seedling emergence were suffering a severe loss. Emergence indicators (MED, ERI, D50%) showed that seedling emergence of bean was greater than maize. For two species, an increase in pre-emergence mortality with increasing depth was observed. So that the highest germinated seeds mortality occurred at 8 cm depth. However, in probit fitted curves for each dataset, the rates of increasing between plants varied. The rate of emergence varied between plants and based on values of statistical criteria, because of less parameters number in linear probit model, it was showed suitable to fit model. Therefore, these models may provide a better basis for broad practical application in crop management. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
47 - Response of seed quantity and quality of promising winter rapeseed genotypes to terminal water limitation
Mahdi Ghassembaglou Saeid Khomari Bahman Pasban-Eslam Omid SofalianThe present research was conducted to evaluate the effect of terminal drought stress on quantity and quality of seeds produced from six promising genotypes of winter rapeseed in East-Azerbaijan Research center for Agriculture and Natural Resources during growing season MoreThe present research was conducted to evaluate the effect of terminal drought stress on quantity and quality of seeds produced from six promising genotypes of winter rapeseed in East-Azerbaijan Research center for Agriculture and Natural Resources during growing season 2014-15. The factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design was laid out in three replicates including two factors of genotype (six winter rapeseed genotypes called Karaj2, Karaj3, KS7, L5, L146, L210) and water limitation (three levels of water deficit stress viz. full irrigation IW1, irrigation withholding from anthesis IW2 and irrigation withholding from seed set IW3). Imposing water restriction from anthesis caused more loss of silque and seed number and final yield. The least loss of seed yield obtained from L5 and L210 genotypes under drought stress during anthesis. The greatest and lowest fall in seed germinability were recorded in L146 under drought stress from anthesis and L5 and L210 under the same stress level, respectively. Under water limitation from anthesis, the least increase of seed electroconductivity was observed in genotype L5. The greatest length and vigor index of seedling was observed in genotypes L5 and L210 under irrigation withholding from flowering. In general, occurring terminal drought stress especially during anthesis of rapeseed caused significant drop in seed production, both quantitatively and qualitatively. On the other hand, genotypes L5 and L210 had the best yield under stress condition and would recommended for introducing to breeding program of drought stress tolerance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
48 - The rol of fungus Piriformospora indica on improving the grain related parameters of two native and improved rice cultivars under limited irrigation regimes
ABED AGHAJANI DELAVAR mehdi parsa Hemmatollah Pirdashti Mohammad Kafi Valiollah BabaeizadIn order to evaluate the rol of mycorrhiza-like fungus Piriformospora indica on rice grain yield and water use efficiency under different limited irrigation regimes a field experiment was conducted in split factorial design with three replicates during 2014. Treatments MoreIn order to evaluate the rol of mycorrhiza-like fungus Piriformospora indica on rice grain yield and water use efficiency under different limited irrigation regimes a field experiment was conducted in split factorial design with three replicates during 2014. Treatments were different irrigation methods at three levels (flooding, flooding after falling water depth less than 10 and 20 cm of soil surface) in main plot, two levels of P. indica inoculation (control and inoculation of six days old seedlings) and two rice cultivars (Tarom-Hashemi and Shiroudi) in sub plots as factorial. Results showed that maximum grain yield was obtained in Shiroudi cultivar in flooding (7801 kg/ha), followed by -10 and -20 cm irrigation regimes (5592 and 5575 kg/ha, resectively). This reduction in Tarom-Hashemi cultivar, however, was only significant where falling water depth was less than 20 cm of soil surface and yield loss was about 18 percent as compared to the flooding treatment. Nevertheless, P. indica inoculation in Shiroudi cultivar increased biological yield by 8 %, as compared to Tarom-Hashemi cultivar. Water use productivity and efficiency amounts in limited irrigation regimes was increased significantly in falling water depth less than 20 cm of soil surface treatment by 55 and 57 % , respectively as compared to flooding treatment. In conclusion, results represented a positive effect of coexistence between P. indica and rice plants particularly to ameliorate water deficit negative effects. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
49 - The Effects of Foliar Application of Salicylic Acid and Ascorbic Acid on Morpho-Physiological Traits of Pistachio Seedlings under Drought Stress
Elham Ebrahimpour Bahman Panahi Alireza Talaie Iraj Tavassolian -
Open Access Article
50 - The Effect of Humic Acid on the Growth and Physiological Indices of Pistachio Seedling (Pistacia vera) under Drought Stress
Maryam Afrousheh Amanollah Javanshah -
Open Access Article
51 - Selection of Pecan Cultivars Aiming to Release Vigorous and Heat Stress Tolerant Rootstocks
Fereidoon Ajam Gard -
Open Access Article
52 - تأثیر تنش خشکی بر کیفیت بذر کلزا تابستانه تولید شده روی گیاهان مادری تحت تنش خشکی
H.R. Badrooj K. Khaksar A. Hamidi A.H. Shirani Radبه منظور بررسی اثر تنش خشکی و آبیاری نرمال بر جوانه زنی بذر ارقام کلزای تابستانه، آزمایشی به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کامل تصادفی با 4 تکرار در آزمایشگاه مرکزی مؤسسه تحقیقات گواهی بذر و نباتات کرج اجرا شد. تیمارهای آزمایشی بذر تولید شده در آبیاری معمولی (S1) و تنش خشکی Moreبه منظور بررسی اثر تنش خشکی و آبیاری نرمال بر جوانه زنی بذر ارقام کلزای تابستانه، آزمایشی به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کامل تصادفی با 4 تکرار در آزمایشگاه مرکزی مؤسسه تحقیقات گواهی بذر و نباتات کرج اجرا شد. تیمارهای آزمایشی بذر تولید شده در آبیاری معمولی (S1) و تنش خشکی در مرحله گل (S2) با آبیاری قلمهای از زمان گلدهی تا مرحله بلوغ و ده رقم کلزا تابستانی بهعنوان RGS003، Sarigol، Option500، RGS006، 19 بودند. -H, ORS 3150-3006, ORS 3150-3008, RG 4403, RG 405/03 و RGAS 0324. برخی از صفات جوانه زنی بذر و نهال مانند جرم 1000 دانه، درصد جوانه زنی نهایی (FGP)، میانگین زمان جوانه زنی (MTGmin) ضریب سرعت جوانه زنی (CGV)، میانگین جوانه زن روزانه (MDG)، سرعت جوانه زنی روزانه (DGS)، طول گیاهچه، ریشه، ساقه چه و وزن تر و خشک گیاهچه و صفات شاخص بنیه طولی و شاخص بنیه وزنی مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. تست پیری تسریع شده روی دانه ها نتایج نشان داد که تفاوت معنی داری از نظر صفات FGP، MTG، CGV، MDG، DGS، صفات شاخص بنیه طولی و وزن خشک ریشه بر اساس تنش خشکی و رقم مشاهده شد. نتایج مقایسه میانگین تنش خشکی و تعامل رقم بر توده هزار دانه نشان داد که ارقام RG 4403 با 3.498 گرم بیشترین و RGS006 با 3.082 گرم کمترین جرم هزار دانه را داشتند. رقم ساریگل تولید شده با آبیاری معمولی 983.4 و RGS003 277.1 بیشترین LVI1 و LVI2 را داشتند. از دیدگاه MTG، CGV، MDG و DGS به ترتیب بذر ساریگل در شرایط تنش خشکی، RGS003 در آبیاری معمولی و ساریگل در شرایط تنش خشکی تولید شد. به طور کلی می توان نتیجه گرفت که تنش خشکی در مورد بررسی باعث کاهش کیفیت بذر ارقام شد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
53 - Comparison seedling growth characteristics of rice varieties of Tarom Mahali, Hasani and Anbarbo with M5 mutants
Allahyar FallahUsing of Gama ray was caused mutation in rice plant and produced diversity at seedling stage can be evaluated. In order to comparison seedling growth characteristics of Tarom Mahali, Hasani and Anbarbo varieties with M5 mutants from them, a augmented test was carried ou MoreUsing of Gama ray was caused mutation in rice plant and produced diversity at seedling stage can be evaluated. In order to comparison seedling growth characteristics of Tarom Mahali, Hasani and Anbarbo varieties with M5 mutants from them, a augmented test was carried out in station nursery of deputy of rice research institute of Iran (Amol) in 2015. Number of 23 mutants of M5 from Tarom Mahali, 7 and 8 mutants from Hasani and Anbarbo varieties respectively with check (parents) were seeded 300g dry seeds in half square of nursery. In three leaves stages were measured growth characteristics such as seedling length, roots, shoot dry weight, total dry weight and root to shoot ratio. The results showed 52 percent of M5 mutant from Tarom Mahali had lower seedling length related to check (Tarom Mahali), however, all of mutants from Hasani had higher seedling length related to check (Hasani). The mutant seedling from Anbarbo variety had about 75 percent less than check. The rate of increasing root and shoot dry weight of mutants was 59-85 percent compared to check, but seedling total dry weight was higher in all mutants related to checks. To high ratio of root to shoot in Anbaro mutants was 100%, but in seedlings of Tarom Mahali mutants was 74%. Among of seedling length with root, shoot and seedling total dry weight there was positive correlation at 1%, however, there was no correlation with root to shoot ratio. The claster analysis is placed in three groups of mutants. Total seedling dry weight of mutants was higher related to check varieties but seedling length was lower. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
54 - Evaluation effects of different temperature levels and duration on seedling growth of five rice varieties
A. Fallah M. Abdi Najad Kshtly H. ElyasiThe main cold damage occurs in germination and seedling growth stages. To examine the effect of cold stress effects on rice seedling growth was carried out a greenhouse experiments in Deputy of Rice Research Institute in Mazandaran (Amol) since 2010. The basic design wa MoreThe main cold damage occurs in germination and seedling growth stages. To examine the effect of cold stress effects on rice seedling growth was carried out a greenhouse experiments in Deputy of Rice Research Institute in Mazandaran (Amol) since 2010. The basic design was conducted a completely randomized with split plot factorial experiment in 3 replicates with different temperature levels (10, 13, 16, 32 ° C) and its duration (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 days) on five varieties of rice (Dialam, line 843, Tarom, Fajr, Shiroudi). The varieties were designed as main plot and and temperature levels and duration of thermal treatment in sub-plot. The seedlings were placed in normal growth conditions until the 3-2 leaf stage seedlings age (12-8 days) and then transferred to a growth chamber and were treated at 10, 13, 16 ° C for 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 day. After the treatment, four seedlings from each replicate were selected and growth characters such as height, seedling dry weight (dry weight of shoot + root), sensitivity index, leaf area and color were measured. Results showed that among the varieties, the stress intensity, stress duration and their interaction effects were a significant probability of 1% for all traits in the seedling stage in which reflects the severity and duration of cold stress on the varieties is discussed. Low temperatures were reduced, the growth rate of seedlings up to 10 -50% compared with control treatment. Low temperatures (10 oc) were decreased new roots production and seedling dry weight in which 60% reduction compared to 32oc treatment. Temperature was caused discoloration of lamina and the color of the leaves of rice seedlings after exposure to cold stress conditions could be concluded, each variety is greener leaf color of seedlings with less damage and is more tolerant to cold. Tarom and Shiroudi varieties compared to other varieties more tolerant to cold stress, however, Fajr variety was more sensitive. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
55 - The effect of priming and its period on germination and seedling growth of forage sorghum (speedfeed)
M. Ramezani R. Rezaei sokht-Abandani In order to study the effects on germination properties of forage sorghum (speedfeed) priming an experiment was performed in factorial shape and in the mould of totally accidental design in 3 replications in Qaemshahr azad university in 20 More In order to study the effects on germination properties of forage sorghum (speedfeed) priming an experiment was performed in factorial shape and in the mould of totally accidental design in 3 replications in Qaemshahr azad university in 2010. The treatments had PEG of 5 and 10 percent density, KNO3 of 1 and 2 percent density, KCL of 2 and 4 percent density and in the period of 4, 8 and 16 hours.The results showed that the most caulicle length was gained under 16 hours treatment and priming of 4 percent density. But the most caulicle KCL and seedling length was gained under time treatments and KCL priming of 4 percent density during 16 hours.The most length ratio of ridicule and caulicle CRLS was also gained by PEG priming of 10 percent density during four hours. About the most wet weight ratio R/S, and the dry weight ratio R/S, they were seen by KNO3 and PEG of 1 and 5 percent density in the period of 4 and 16 hours. The most germination rate was also gained by PEG of 10 percent density and during 8 hours. The most and the least normal bud was gained by KNO3 and KCL priming of 1 and 4 percent density in common duration of 4 hours, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
56 - Comparison seedling growth characteristics of rice varieties of Tarom Mahali, Hasani and Anbarbo with M5 mutants
A. Fallah L. Bagheri A. Nabipour H. EliasiUsing of Gama ray was caused mutation in rice plant and produced diversity at seedling stage can be evaluated. In order to comparison seedling growth characteristics of Tarom Mahali, Hasani and Anbarbo varieties with M5 mutants from them, a augmented test was carried ou MoreUsing of Gama ray was caused mutation in rice plant and produced diversity at seedling stage can be evaluated. In order to comparison seedling growth characteristics of Tarom Mahali, Hasani and Anbarbo varieties with M5 mutants from them, a augmented test was carried out in station nursery of deputy of rice research institute of Iran (Amol) in 2015. Number of 23 mutants of M5 from Tarom Mahali, 7 and 8 mutants from Hasani and Anbarbo varieties respectively with check (parents) were seeded 300g dry seeds in half square of nursery. In three leaves stages were measured growth characteristics such as seedling length, roots, shoot dry weight, total dry weight and root to shoot ratio. The results showed 52 percent of M5 mutant from Tarom Mahali had lower seedling length related to check (Tarom Mahali), however, all of mutants from Hasani had higher seedling length related to check (Hasani). The mutant seedling from Anbarbo variety had about 75 percent less than check. The rate of increasing root and shoot dry weight of mutants was 59-85 percent compared to check, but seedling total dry weight was higher in all mutants related to checks. To high ratio of root to shoot in Anbaro mutants was 100%, but in seedlings of Tarom Mahali mutants was 74%. Among of seedling length with root, shoot and seedling total dry weight there was positive correlation at 1%, however, there was no correlation with root to shoot ratio. The claster analysis is placed in three groups of mutants. Total seedling dry weight of mutants was higher related to check varieties but seedling length was lower. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
57 - Evaluation effects of different temperature levels and duration on seedling growth of five rice varieties
A. Fallah M. Abdi Najad Kshtly H. ElyasiThe main cold damage occurs in germination and seedling growth stages. To examine the effect of cold stress effects on rice seedling growth was carried out a greenhouse experiments in Deputy of Rice Research Institute in Mazandaran (Amol) since 2010. The basic design wa MoreThe main cold damage occurs in germination and seedling growth stages. To examine the effect of cold stress effects on rice seedling growth was carried out a greenhouse experiments in Deputy of Rice Research Institute in Mazandaran (Amol) since 2010. The basic design was conducted a completely randomized with split plot factorial experiment in 3 replicates with different temperature levels (10, 13, 16, 32 ° C) and its duration (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 days) on five varieties of rice (Dialam, line 843, Tarom, Fajr, Shiroudi). The varieties were designed as main plot and and temperature levels and duration of thermal treatment in sub-plot. The seedlings were placed in normal growth conditions until the 3-2 leaf stage seedlings age (12-8 days) and then transferred to a growth chamber and were treated at 10, 13, 16 ° C for 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 day. After the treatment, four seedlings from each replicate were selected and growth characters such as height, seedling dry weight (dry weight of shoot + root), sensitivity index, leaf area and color were measured. Results showed that among the varieties, the stress intensity, stress duration and their interaction effects were a significant probability of 1% for all traits in the seedling stage in which reflects the severity and duration of cold stress on the varieties is discussed. Low temperatures were reduced, the growth rate of seedlings up to 10 -50% compared with control treatment. Low temperatures (10 oc) were decreased new roots production and seedling dry weight in which 60% reduction compared to 32oc treatment. Temperature was caused discoloration of lamina and the color of the leaves of rice seedlings after exposure to cold stress conditions could be concluded, each variety is greener leaf color of seedlings with less damage and is more tolerant to cold. Tarom and Shiroudi varieties compared to other varieties moretolerant to cold stress, however, Fajr variety was more sensitive. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
58 - The effect of Different levels of Salinity Stress on germination and seedling growth of Sufflower Cultivars in Greenhouse condition
Esmaiel gholinezhad Asieh Majlesi seyed javad Talebzadeh vahid Salmanpour Nour ali SajediIn order to investigation of salinity stress effects on vegetative, and plantlet growth an experiment conducted by factorial based on randomized completely block designs with 4 replications in 2011 in department of agriculture of Urmia Payame Noor. The factors were 4 ge MoreIn order to investigation of salinity stress effects on vegetative, and plantlet growth an experiment conducted by factorial based on randomized completely block designs with 4 replications in 2011 in department of agriculture of Urmia Payame Noor. The factors were 4 genotypes (Zarghan 279, Gholdasht, Faraman and Padideh) and 5 level of salinity (0-4-8-12-16) ds/m from Nacl. In these research traits of root, leaf, stem dry weight, seedling dry weight, stem length, root length and stress tolerance index were meausured. The results showed that different levels of salinity had siugnificantly affect on root, leaf, stem dry weight, seedling dry weight, stem length, root length and stress tolerance index. Comparison of mean showed that salinity stress of 16 ds/m traits root, leaf, stem dry weight, seedling dry weight, stem length and root length decreased about 60, 44, 68, 55, 76 and 58%, respectively. So the highest obtained from control treatment and the lowest obtained from salinity level of 16 ds/m. The genotypes respond differently to salinity levels. It seems genotypes of Faraman have more tolerance to salinity conditions. Genotypes of Zarghan 279, Gholdasht and Padideh were sensitive to salinity stress. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
59 - Effect on Germination and Early Growth Characteristics in Wheat Plants (Triticumaestivum L.) Seeds Exposed to TiO2 Nanoparticles
Homa Mahmoodzadeh Reyhane Aghili -
Open Access Article
60 - Physiological Analysis of Silver Nanoparticles and AgNO3 Effect to Brassica napus L.
Mehrzad Sarabi Akbar Safipour Afshar Homa Mahmoodzadeh -
Open Access Article
61 - Investigation of Seed Germination, Early Growth and Physio-Biochemical Parameters of Canola Seedling Exposed to Co3O4 Engineered Nanoparticles
Malihe Jahani Ramazan Ali Khavari-Nejad Homa Mahmoodzadeh Sara Saadatmand -
Open Access Article
62 - Impact of Salinity on Tomato Seedling Development: A Comparative Study of Germination and Growth Dynamics in Different Cultivars
Ali Abdulrahman Fadhil Sajeda Y. Swaid Samar Jasim Mohammed Aswan Al-AbboodiSoil salinity is an escalating problem that significantly reduces crop yield, particularly in regions with intensive agriculture or poor irrigation practices. This study aimed to assess the impact of salinity on the germination and early growth parameters of four tomato MoreSoil salinity is an escalating problem that significantly reduces crop yield, particularly in regions with intensive agriculture or poor irrigation practices. This study aimed to assess the impact of salinity on the germination and early growth parameters of four tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) cultivars: 'Sakata', 'US-Agriseed', 'Rossen B.V.', and 'Supermarmance'. Methods: The experiment was conducted under controlled greenhouse conditions with a randomized complete block design. Seeds were exposed to five salinity treatments (0, 4, 6, 8, and 10 ds m-1), and growth parameters including germination rate, seedling length, leaf number, and wet and dry weights were measured over a two-week period. The results demonstrated that increasing salinity levels had a significant inhibitory effect on all measured growth parameters across all cultivars. Germination rates and seedling vigor decreased with increasing salinity, and a complete inhibition of growth was observed at the highest salinity levels (EC-8 and EC-10). However, variability among cultivars indicated differential salinity tolerance, with 'US-Agriseed' displaying relatively better performance under saline conditions. The study provides clear evidence that salinity levels as low as 4 dS m-1 can adversely affect the germination and seedling growth of tomato plants. The findings highlight the critical need for developing salinity management strategies and breeding programs to improve salinity tolerance in tomatoes, which could significantly mitigate the impact of salinity stress on crop productivity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
63 - Salinity effect on physiological characteristics and seed germination of medicinal plants Flax, Artichoke, Coneflower and Safflower
Fatemeh Gholizadeh Nahid Rahimi Mohammad AbadIn order to study the effect of salinity on germination and seedling growth of four medicinal plant artichoke, purple coneflower, flax andsafflower a factorial experiment in completely randomized design with four replications was carried out in the Faculty of Agric MoreIn order to study the effect of salinity on germination and seedling growth of four medicinal plant artichoke, purple coneflower, flax andsafflower a factorial experiment in completely randomized design with four replications was carried out in the Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. The first factor, different levels of salinity (0, 4, 8 and 12 ds/m-1) and The second factor were medicinal plant artichoke, purple coneflower, flax andsafflower Sodium chloride was used to Salinity. Salinity stress with slow decline in germination in plants safflower, flax andartichoke, so that the salinity 12 ds/m-1 germination percentage amount was high in the three plants (Respectively 91, 88, 85). Germination rate under salt stress linearly decreased in all plants. The germination rate compared with germination percentage in plants assessment showed greater sensitivity to salt stress. The results showed that the germination stage, flax andsafflower plants tolerant to salinity,artichoke is moderately resistant and purple coneflower salt-sensitive. The results of data analysis showed salt effect on studied varieties and interaction of varieties × salt on the studied characteristics were significant in 1% level. The results of statistical comparison and control saline conditions showed that the rate of germination in artichoke 21.17 highest and safflower 13.36 lowest, The root length and shoot the artichoke plant was higher than other plants. In this research some characteristics as rate and percent of germination, root and shoot length, root to shoot ratio and dry weight of plantlet with increasing of salt in four medicinal plant decreased. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
64 - Assessing the impact of fluorescent Pseudomonas on properties of canola seedlings under drought stress induced by polyethylene glycol
Somayeh Karami Chameh Massoumeh Namrvari Amin Fathi Sadegh Bahamin Fakher Kardoni Nowadays, drought stress and environmental pollutions due to irregular consume of chemical fertilizers, are the most important problems in agricultural productions. This study aimed to examine the bacteria Pseudomonas on vegetative characteristics of canola seedli More Nowadays, drought stress and environmental pollutions due to irregular consume of chemical fertilizers, are the most important problems in agricultural productions. This study aimed to examine the bacteria Pseudomonas on vegetative characteristics of canola seedlings under drought stress in the Seed Technology Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture University Ramin was conducted in 2011. A factorial experiment in completely randomized design with three replications and 12 treatments were performed. The first factor Pseodomonas fluorescence strains of bacteria at three levels: control (no inoculation with the seed), 108p and 169 p and the second factor, 4 levels of drought stress were including zero (distilled water), -0.3, -0.6 and -0.9 MPa. The results showed that the effects of drought stress was significant on all traits measured. Pseudomonas aeruginosa on length of shoot and root and shoot dry weight and had a significant effect. At the highest levels of stress (-0.9MPa), shoot dry weight was hot 0.9 amount compared to the treatment of stress was 62 percent. The inoculation of seeds with Pseudomonas fluorescens bacteria p 169, shoot fresh weight to the value of 68g was found that compared to non-inoculated treatment was 15 percent.Generally, the use of fluorescent Pseudomonas strains of bacteria could reduce the effects of drought on the properties of canola seedlings. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
65 - Evaluation of sugar beet various cultivars some seed germination and seedling vigor traits by accelerated ageing test
الهه Azadi آیدین Hamidi Sh Shoai فلورا NazariIn order to evaluation of some related to seed germination and seedling vigor traits of six mono germ sugar beet cultivars by accelerated ageing test, a research was conducted as factorial 4×6 (6 cultivars and 4 seed size) by 4 replications based on completely ran MoreIn order to evaluation of some related to seed germination and seedling vigor traits of six mono germ sugar beet cultivars by accelerated ageing test, a research was conducted as factorial 4×6 (6 cultivars and 4 seed size) by 4 replications based on completely randomized design in seed quality analysis laboratory of Seed and Plant Certification and Registration Institute (SPCRI) at Karaj during 2019. Experiment treatments were including, Toucan, Dorotea, Rasta, Sharif (006), Pars (005) and Torbat (004) cultivars and seed width sizes, including 2, 3, 3.25 and 3.5 mm. By standard germination test conducting, after seeds accelerated ageing, final germination and normal seedlings percent, germination rate, germination meantime, coefficient of germination uniformity, seedling dry weight and length and seedling weight and length vigour indices determined. Results revealed that cultivar× seed size interaction effect was significant for all measured traits. The most final germination and normal seedlings percent and belonged to Sharifcultivar3.5 mm size seeds. AlsoTorbatcultivar3.5 mm size seeds had the most germination rate and the lowest mean germination time. Sharif cultivar 2 and 3 mm size seeds had highest coefficient of germination uniformity. The highest seedling dry weight belonged to Rasta and Doreata cultivars 3.5 size seeds. Rasta cultivar 3.5 mm size also had the most seedling length. Pars, Rasta and Toucan cultivars 3.5 mm size seeds had the most seedling weight vigour index and the most seedling length vigour index investigated in 3.5 and 3.2 mm size seeds of Torbat cultivar 3.5 mm size seeds. Generally, Sharif cultivar and 3.5 mm size seeds had more germinability and strong vigour. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
66 - Study on different maize hybrid KSC 704 seed shapes/size germination and vigor by accelerated ageing test
عاطفه Jamalzade ahvazi آیدین Hamidi محمد Nasri In order to study the effect of seed primary germination ability and various seed shapes/size ofhybrid maize (Zea mays L.) single cross KSC 704 some related to germination and vigour traitsby accelerated ageing test, a factorial experiment based on completely rand More In order to study the effect of seed primary germination ability and various seed shapes/size ofhybrid maize (Zea mays L.) single cross KSC 704 some related to germination and vigour traitsby accelerated ageing test, a factorial experiment based on completely randomized design with4 replications was conducted in 2020 in seed quality analysis laboratory of seed and plantcertification and registration institute (SPCRI) at Karaj. Experiment treatments including seedsflat and round shapes and medium sizes having 3 primary germination ability, 92% (abovestandard), 88% (standard) and 85 % (below standard). After accelerated ageing test, standardgermination test was conducted and final germination percent, normal seedlings percent, meangermination time, coefficient of velocity of germination, seedling length, seedling dry weight,seedling length vigor index and seedling weight vigor index determined. Results revealed thatflat seeds and 92 % primary germination ability of studied seed shapes/size seeds had the mostnormal seedlings percent (91 %), mean germination time (1.16-1.18 day) and flat seeds with92% primary germination ability coefficient of velocity of germination (0.865). Also, the mostseedling length belonged to and 92% primary germination ability (30.24) and medium sizeseeds (20.27 cm). Medium size seeds with 92% primary germination ability had the mostseedling dry weight (0.873 gr.) and seeds with 885 and 92% primary germination abilityrespectively had the most seedling length and weight vigor indices (2618 and 70). Thereforebased on this research results revealed that hybrid maize single cross KSC 704 medium size andflat shape standard and above standard primary germination ability seeds for purposes ofgermination ability and seedling vigor had high quality. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
67 - Allopathic Effect of Aqueous Extract of Saffron Petals and Total Flavonoids Extracted on Germination and Seedling Growth of Wild Oat (Avena fatua L.)
Seyyed Hashem Asghari Najib Ali Sorooshzadeh Ali Mokhtassi-BidgoliIn order to investigate the allopathic effect of aqueous extract of saffron petals and total flavonoids extracted on germination indices and some morphological traits, total chlorophyll and soluble sugar of wild oat seedlings, an experiment was conducted in 2018 in the MoreIn order to investigate the allopathic effect of aqueous extract of saffron petals and total flavonoids extracted on germination indices and some morphological traits, total chlorophyll and soluble sugar of wild oat seedlings, an experiment was conducted in 2018 in the laboratory of Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran. The experiment was a completely randomized design with three replications. The first treatment was the type of extract at two levels (total extract and total flavonoid) and the second treatment was the concentration of extracts (distilled water, 50, 100 and 150 mg.L-1). The results showed that the maximum stem length, root length and fresh weight of seedlings were obtained in the non-extract treatment. Application of saffron petal extract treatment reduced the above traits so that the minimum amount of stem length, root length and total seedling fresh weight with averages of 5.2 cm, 5.1 cm and 0.013 g, respectively. Total flavonoids and 150 mg L-1 of the extract were obtained. Total extract reduced the total chlorophyll content so that the total flavonoid ratio was 7.92% lower. However, among the concentrations used, only 150 mg L-1 of the extract reduced the total chlorophyll content and other levels were not significantly different. Seedling mannose content was reduced by applying total extract which was 6.7% less than total flavonoid treatment. The highest amount of glucose was obtained in the treatment of non-consumption of the extract (3.12 mg.g-1 FW) and increasing the concentration of the extract led to a decrease in glucose. The highest grain yield was obtained at control concentration of extract (150 g.m-2). Increasing the concentration of extracts led to a decrease in leaf area index, plant height and biological yield about 23.8%, 28.7% and 20.9%, respectively. The results show that the effectiveness of total flavonoid extract was higher than total extract. In general, the inhibitory effect of total extract was more on mannose and in the case of total flavonoids, the reducing effect of the extract was ore obviouse on total chlorophyll and stem to root ratio. The greatest effect of growth inhibition is related to flavonoid compounds and the presence of other compounds along with flavonoid compounds reduces their inhibition. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
68 - The effect of temperatur and seed moistuer content on seed germination and seedling growth characteristics of Borage (Borago officinalis L.)
Farzane Bagheri rasoul fakhari Parisa Sheikhzadeh Nasser Zare Mahrokh BolandiThis research was carried out to investigate the effect of seed storage temperature and moisture content on germination characteristics, growth and biochemical characteristics of Borago officinalis seedlings, In factorial arrangement in a completely randomized design wi MoreThis research was carried out to investigate the effect of seed storage temperature and moisture content on germination characteristics, growth and biochemical characteristics of Borago officinalis seedlings, In factorial arrangement in a completely randomized design with 4 replications. The treatments included five levels of seed moisture (5, 10, 15, 20, 25%) and eight temperature levels (10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40 and 45 degrees Celsius) and 12 storage levels (7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49, 56, 63, 70, 77 and 84 day). The results showed that with increase in storage time, percentage and seed germination rate, length decreased, and also the abnormal seedlings, amount of proline seedlings and activity of peroxidase enzymes were increased. The highest germination and seedling growth were obtained in the control treatment and 7 days after storage with 10% seed moisture after 7 days of storage. The lowest germination percentage was seen 84 days after storage with %15 seed moisture at 15°C. The maximum length of seedlings was obtained at 25°C temperature and 20% humidity with 7 days of storage. The results showed that at the temperature of 25 degrees, the peroxidase enzyme activity was the highest at the beginning of the storage period (28 days of storage), but with the continued influence of adverse conditions during storage, the enzyme activity decreased significantly. The results showed that the lowest amount of proline was obtained at a temperature of 15°C with a humidity level of 25% and at the 28th day of storage. Based on the results, with increasing storage time, the moisture content of seeds and the storage temperature of the quality of Borago officinalis seedlings are reduced. Since these seeds contain oil, it should be considered to be sufficient to store, survive and maintain its maximum quality. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
69 - Seed germination indices and initial growth of safflower seedlings with different thousand kernel weights under drought stress
Hamid Bagheri Yousof Ghazi Khanloosani Esmaiel Zangani Babak Andelibi Mohamad Reza Azimi Moghadam Soleiman JamshidiTolerant seeds to drought stress could play significant role in steady seedling establishment and subsequent yield increase. In order to study the germination and initial seedling growth indices of safflower (cv. Sina) seeds with different thousand kernel weights (TKW) MoreTolerant seeds to drought stress could play significant role in steady seedling establishment and subsequent yield increase. In order to study the germination and initial seedling growth indices of safflower (cv. Sina) seeds with different thousand kernel weights (TKW) of 23, 23.83, 25.13 and 27.27 g, under different drought stress intensities, an experiment was carried out as factorial based on a completely randomized design in Physiology Laboratory of Zanjan University. Drought stress levels comprising 0 (control), -4 and -8 bar were obtained using polyethylene glycol 6000. Increasing drought stress intensity significantly decreased germination percentage from 81.8% in control to 57.8% in -8 bar. Seeds with higher TKW were better in terms of germination percentage and germination coefficient rate. The seeds with 27.27 TKW produced longer radicle and plumule in drought stress condition. Besides, seeds with higher TKW showed higher vigor index and seedling dry and fresh matter. In conclusion, seeds with higher TKW showed higher germination indices and were more tolerant to drought stress. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
70 - Effect of sillicium priming on seed germination and initial growth of melon seedlings under salinity stress
Zakieh Azari Mohammad Sadeqe Sadeqi Hassan Bayat Hossein ArooieThe main goal of current experiment was evaluation of the effects Si priming on germination characteristics of melon under salt stress. For this purpose, a factorial experiment based on completely randomized design was conducted with three levels of Si 0 as control, 1 a MoreThe main goal of current experiment was evaluation of the effects Si priming on germination characteristics of melon under salt stress. For this purpose, a factorial experiment based on completely randomized design was conducted with three levels of Si 0 as control, 1 and 2 mM and 3 levels of NaCl (0, 75 and 150 mM) with three replications. Measured traits were germination percentage and rate, mean germination time, radical and plumule length, radical to plumule ratio, radical and plumule fresh weight. The salinity of 150 mM decreased germination percentage and rate, radical and plumule length by 9, 35, 69 and 71X comparing to the control, respectively. Seed priming with Si of 1 mM increased germination rate, radical and plumule length by 20, 33 and 35% comparing to the control, respectively. Seeds treated with Si (1 mM) had the highest germination percentage and rate at 75 mM of NaCl. On the whole, seed priming with Si could improve germination characteristics and seedling growth of melon under salinity stress conditions. <br /> Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
71 - Effect of gibberellic acid on dormancy breaking of Agria potato seed mini-tubers
Mohammad Bager Khorshidi Davood HassanpanahIn order to study the effect of gibberellic acid on potato mini-tubers, Agria cultivar, newly produced mini-tubers from healthy and diseases free seedlings were studied at four seed size groups (18-22, 13-17, 8-12 and less than 8 mm) after treating with 1000 ppm gibbere MoreIn order to study the effect of gibberellic acid on potato mini-tubers, Agria cultivar, newly produced mini-tubers from healthy and diseases free seedlings were studied at four seed size groups (18-22, 13-17, 8-12 and less than 8 mm) after treating with 1000 ppm gibberellic acid in different sampling dates (30, 40, 60, 90 and 110 days after treating with gibberellic acid). Experimental design was completely randomized design based factorial with three replications. Number of days from treating with gibberellic acid to sprouting was considered as dormancy period. Other traits such as number of days to emergence, number of germinated mini-tubers, sprouting percentage and length of buds were measured. Results showed that there were significant differences among gibberellic acid treated and non-treated, different seed size groups, different sampling dates and those interactions for all traits. The earliest sprouting, the most sprouting percentage and the longest sprouts were observed in <br /> 18-22 mm seed size group. Therefore it was concluded that gibberellic acid caused decreasing dormancy period of mini-tubers from 90-110 to 40-60 days. Also, the smaller mini-tubers were the late sprouting and had short sprouts. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
72 - Effect of seed priming and their interaction on germination and seedlings characteristics of corn SC704 (Zea mays L.)
Mehdi Ramezani Reza Rezaei sokht Abandani In order to study the priming effect on germination and seedling characteristics of a single cross corn (SC­704), an experiment was carried out as a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications at Agricultural and Natural Resources Res More In order to study the priming effect on germination and seedling characteristics of a single cross corn (SC­704), an experiment was carried out as a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications at Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center, Mazandaran province (Sari) in 2010. Treatments included seed priming with poly ethylene glycol (PEG) at concentration of 10­%, potassium nitrate (KNO<sub>3</sub>) 0.5­%, potassium chloride (KCl) 2­%, normal water and a control (no priming). The results showed that the maximum germination rate was occurred for a pretreatment with poly ethylene glycol 10­% and hydropriming (water). The lowest shoot wet weight and germination rate was obtained for osmopriming of potassium chloride 2­%. Maximum germination rate index, average germination time and mean daily germination was observed in the control and osmopriming with <br /> KCl 2­% and the highest ratio of dry weight R/S was obtained in potassium chloride 2­% pretreatment. Also the weighted index of seedling vigor was obtained by seed pretreatment with polyethylene glycol 10­%. In conclusion, the results of this study revealed that priming procedure improved seed germination of corn hybrid SC­704 and increased seed emergence rate could eventually increase its performance. According to the results, priming by polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG 6000) 10­% and hydropriming (pure water) for 24 hours is recommended. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
73 - Effect of seed priming with salicylic acid on growth characteristics of borage plants (Borago officinalis) seedlings
Farid Shekari ramin Baljani jalal saba kamran Afsahi faribors ShekariGermination and seedlings establishment are critical stages in the plant life under different environmental <br />conditions. For investigation of seed priming effects on borage plants (Borago officinalis) characteristics, an experiment was carried out in a completely r MoreGermination and seedlings establishment are critical stages in the plant life under different environmental <br />conditions. For investigation of seed priming effects on borage plants (Borago officinalis) characteristics, an experiment was carried out in a completely randomized block design in four replications. Treatments consisted of seed priming by salicylic acid concentrations (500, 1000, 1500, 2000 µ M), seeds priming by distilled water (hydropriming) and non priming seeds were considered as control. Results showed that priming with salicylic acid had significant effects on emerged seedlings percentage, mean time to emergence, emergence index, fresh and dry weight, leaf area and specific leaf area (SLA). The highest emergence and emergence index of seedlings with the lowest mean time to emergence was observed in 500 µ M concentration of salicylic acid and the highest seedling dry weight and leaf area were found in 2000 µ m salicylic acid. The lowest values among treatments were belong to control followed by hydropriming of seeds treatment. Results indicated that dry weight of seedlings were increased by increasing emergence index and dereasing the mean time to emergence Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
74 - Seed priming of salicylic acid on vigor and morphological traits of safflower seedlings
Leila Mohammadi farid shekari jalal saba esmail zanganiOne of the techniques which is used for improving and increasing seed germination and emergence under normal and stress conditions is seed priming. Effect of salicylic acid (SA) priming on morphological and vigor of seedlings was studied in a safflower variety named Gol MoreOne of the techniques which is used for improving and increasing seed germination and emergence under normal and stress conditions is seed priming. Effect of salicylic acid (SA) priming on morphological and vigor of seedlings was studied in a safflower variety named Goldasht. The experiment was executed in the field. Eight levels of seed treatments included: control (untreated seed), 0 (hydroprimed seed), primed seeds with 400, 800, 1200, 1600, 2000 and 2400 μM SA were considered. The results showed that seed priming by SA was more effective than hydropriming and consequently rised up seed vigor and seedlings performance. Seed priming by SA lead to an increase in germination percentage, emergence index, seedling total dry weight, root length, leaf number and leaf area index; and a decrease to averge germination period. High root density (60%) was obtained for 2400 μM SA as compared to the control and hydropriming treatments. Leaf number was added from 6.7 in the control to 10.17 in 2400 μM treatment, average leaf area of individual leaf increased at least 30% in high level of SA. The results disclosed that seed priming by SA increased both plant leaf area and leaf area index as a consequence of higher leaf number and individual leaf area. Having added levels of SA applications was accompyning with accelerating in root length and dryweight. In addition to root length, SA also enhanced root density. The highest root density in seedlings were found at high level of SA concentration. However, hydropriming had no significant effects on meaured traits and lowest amounts of most characteristics was belonging to the control and hydroprimed seeds. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
75 - Gibberellic acid priming effect on Agropyron elongatum seed germination indices under drought stress
Seyyed Jalal Yadollahi Nooshabadi Farzad SharifzadeSeed priming pretreatment improves germination characteristics , seedling establishment and increase of seed performance under environmental stress conditions. This experiment was conducted as factorial based on a completely randomized design with four replication MoreSeed priming pretreatment improves germination characteristics , seedling establishment and increase of seed performance under environmental stress conditions. This experiment was conducted as factorial based on a completely randomized design with four replications using osmotic potential of -12 bar prepared by polyethylene glycol in order to evaluate the effects of gibberellic acid (GA) pretreatments on the behaviour of seed germination of <em>Agropyron elongatom</em> under drought stress. . Seeds were primed for 12 and 24 hours at two temperatures of 10 and 20°C with GA in three levels of 25, 50 and 100 ppm . All seed pretreatments had significant effect on the whole studied characteristics. Concentration of 25 ppm with GA was the best pretreatment which could increase significantly the whole germination percentage, normal seedling percentage, and length index of seedling vigor.The results obtained in temperature 10 and time duration of 12 were better in comparison to temperature 20 and time duration of 24 and significantly increased the germination and normal seedling percentage. Totally,the useful effects of seed pretreatment method with GA was confirmed for improving the seed germination performance of <em>Agropyron elongatom</em> especially in drought stress condition. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
76 - Effects of priming with micronutrients on seed reserve mobilization of lentil at different temperatures
Ali Asghar AlilooCrop yield in rain-fed regions is always affected by environment so that the instability of crop yield is considerably high in this condition. The study was carried out to evaluate effects of seed priming with Cu I, Zn II, K I, ZnSo<sub>4</sub> on germination traits and MoreCrop yield in rain-fed regions is always affected by environment so that the instability of crop yield is considerably high in this condition. The study was carried out to evaluate effects of seed priming with Cu I, Zn II, K I, ZnSo<sub>4</sub> on germination traits and seedling establishment at two temperatures of (10 °C and 20 °C). Results showed that seed priming influenced germination rate significantly and the primed seeds revealed higher germination rate than the unprimed seeds. The higher value was obtained by ZnSo<sub>4</sub> treatment. However, germination percentage was not affected by priming treatments even though the priming slightly improved the value in comparison to control. Results also showed that the response of primed seeds to the low temperature was higher than in the high temperature. Remobilization of seed reserves was enhanced under priming treatments and the percentage of reserves depletion, conversion efficiency and total mobilized reserves were increased by seed treatments. It was concluded that not only the used compounds (particularly ZnSo<sub>4</sub>) can improve lentil establishment at early stages but also the compounds could be useful at bio-fortification programs at later stages. Manuscript profile
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