Allopathic Effect of Aqueous Extract of Saffron Petals and Total Flavonoids Extracted on Germination and Seedling Growth of Wild Oat (Avena fatua L.)
Subject Areas : Journal of Crop EcophysiologySeyyed Hashem Asghari Najib 1 , Ali Sorooshzadeh 2 , Ali Mokhtassi-Bidgoli 3
1 - Agronomy Department, Faculty of Agriculture,
2 - Associate Professor, Department of Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University
3 - Tarbiat Modares University,
Keywords: Allelopathy, Flavonoids, Natural herbicides, Seedling length, Soluble sugar.,
Abstract :
In order to investigate the allopathic effect of aqueous extract of saffron petals and total flavonoids extracted on germination indices and some morphological traits, total chlorophyll and soluble sugar of wild oat seedlings, an experiment was conducted in 2018 in the laboratory of Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran. The experiment was a completely randomized design with three replications. The first treatment was the type of extract at two levels (total extract and total flavonoid) and the second treatment was the concentration of extracts (distilled water, 50, 100 and 150 mg.L-1). The results showed that the maximum stem length, root length and fresh weight of seedlings were obtained in the non-extract treatment. Application of saffron petal extract treatment reduced the above traits so that the minimum amount of stem length, root length and total seedling fresh weight with averages of 5.2 cm, 5.1 cm and 0.013 g, respectively. Total flavonoids and 150 mg L-1 of the extract were obtained. Total extract reduced the total chlorophyll content so that the total flavonoid ratio was 7.92% lower. However, among the concentrations used, only 150 mg L-1 of the extract reduced the total chlorophyll content and other levels were not significantly different. Seedling mannose content was reduced by applying total extract which was 6.7% less than total flavonoid treatment. The highest amount of glucose was obtained in the treatment of non-consumption of the extract (3.12 mg.g-1 FW) and increasing the concentration of the extract led to a decrease in glucose. The highest grain yield was obtained at control concentration of extract (150 g.m-2). Increasing the concentration of extracts led to a decrease in leaf area index, plant height and biological yield about 23.8%, 28.7% and 20.9%, respectively. The results show that the effectiveness of total flavonoid extract was higher than total extract. In general, the inhibitory effect of total extract was more on mannose and in the case of total flavonoids, the reducing effect of the extract was ore obviouse on total chlorophyll and stem to root ratio. The greatest effect of growth inhibition is related to flavonoid compounds and the presence of other compounds along with flavonoid compounds reduces their inhibition.
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