اثر دگرآسیبی عصاره آبی گلبرگ زعفران (Crocus sativus L) و فلاونویید کل استخراج شده بر جوانه زنی و رشد یولاف وحشی (Avena fatua L)
محورهای موضوعی : اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعیسید هاشم اصغری نجیب 1 , علی سروش زاده 2 , علی مختصی بیدگلی 3
1 - دانشکده کشاورزی، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات
2 - دانشیار، گروه زراعت دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه تربیت مدرس
3 - هیئت علمی- گروه زراعت- دانشگاه تربیت مدرس
کلید واژه: دگر آسیبی, طول گیاهچه, فلاونویید, قندهای محلول, علف¬کش طبیعی,
چکیده مقاله :
به منظور بررسی اثر دگرآسیبی عصاره آبی گلبرگ زعفران و فلاونویید کل استخراج شده بر شاخص های جوانه زنی و برخی صفات مورفولوژیک، کلروفیل کل و قندهای محلول گیاهچه یولاف وحشی، آزمایشی در سال 1397 در آزمایشگاه دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه تربیت مدرس تهران انجام شد. آزمایش به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی در سه تکرار که عامل اول نوع عصاره در دو سطح (عصاره تام و فلاوونوئید کل) و عامل دوم غلظت عصاره ها (آب مقطر، 50، 100 و 150 میلی گرم در لیتر) بود. نتایج حاکی از آن بود که بیشترین طول ساقه، طول ریشه و وزن تر گیاهچه در تیمار عدم مصرف عصاره به¬دست آمد. اعمال تیمار عصاره گلبرگ زعفران باعث کاهش صفات فوق شد به نحوی که کمترین میزان طول ساقه چه، طول ریشه چه و وزن تر کل گیاهچه به ترتیب با میانگین های، 5/2 سانتی متر، 5/1سانتی متر و 0/013 گرم در تیمار فلاوونوئیدهای کل و تیمار 150 میلی گرم عصاره به دست آمد. عصاره تام باعث کاهش میزان کلروفیل کل شد به نحوی که نسبت فلاوونوئید کل 7/92 درصد کمتر بود. با این حال در بین غلظت¬های مورد استفاده تنها 150 میلی گرم عصاره باعث کاهش میزان کلروفیل کل شد و سایر سطوح تفاوت معنی داری با هم نداشتند. میزان مانوز گیاهچه با اعمال عصاره تام کاهش یافت که نسبت به تیمار فلاوونوئید کل 6/7درصد کمتر بود. بیشترین میزان گلوکز در تیمار عدم مصرف عصاره (3/12 میلی گرم بر گرم وزن تر) به دست آمد و افزایش غلظت عصاره منجر به کاهش میزان گلوکز شد. بیشترین عملکرد دانه در غلظت صفر عصاره (150 گرم در متر مربع) به دست آمد. افزایش غلظت عصاره ها منجر به کاهش 23/8، 28/7 و 20/9 درصدی شاخص سطح برگ، ارتفاع بوته و عملکرد زیستی شد. اثرگذاری عصاره فلاوونوئید کل بیشتر از عصاره تام بود. در مجموع، تأثیر بازدارندگی عصاره تام در میزان مانوز و در مورد فلاوونوئید کل، تأثیر کاهندگی عصاره در کلروفیل کل و نسبت ساقه به ریشه بیشتر بود. بیشترین تأثیر بازدارندگی رشدی به ترکیبات فلاونوئیدی مربوط است و وجود سایر ترکیبات در کنار ترکیبات فلاونوئیدی از بازدارندگی آنها می کاهد.
In order to investigate the allopathic effect of aqueous extract of saffron petals and total flavonoids extracted on germination indices and some morphological traits, total chlorophyll and soluble sugar of wild oat seedlings, an experiment was conducted in 2018 in the laboratory of Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran. The experiment was a completely randomized design with three replications. The first treatment was the type of extract at two levels (total extract and total flavonoid) and the second treatment was the concentration of extracts (distilled water, 50, 100 and 150 mg.L-1). The results showed that the maximum stem length, root length and fresh weight of seedlings were obtained in the non-extract treatment. Application of saffron petal extract treatment reduced the above traits so that the minimum amount of stem length, root length and total seedling fresh weight with averages of 5.2 cm, 5.1 cm and 0.013 g, respectively. Total flavonoids and 150 mg L-1 of the extract were obtained. Total extract reduced the total chlorophyll content so that the total flavonoid ratio was 7.92% lower. However, among the concentrations used, only 150 mg L-1 of the extract reduced the total chlorophyll content and other levels were not significantly different. Seedling mannose content was reduced by applying total extract which was 6.7% less than total flavonoid treatment. The highest amount of glucose was obtained in the treatment of non-consumption of the extract (3.12 mg.g-1 FW) and increasing the concentration of the extract led to a decrease in glucose. The highest grain yield was obtained at control concentration of extract (150 g.m-2). Increasing the concentration of extracts led to a decrease in leaf area index, plant height and biological yield about 23.8%, 28.7% and 20.9%, respectively. The results show that the effectiveness of total flavonoid extract was higher than total extract. In general, the inhibitory effect of total extract was more on mannose and in the case of total flavonoids, the reducing effect of the extract was ore obviouse on total chlorophyll and stem to root ratio. The greatest effect of growth inhibition is related to flavonoid compounds and the presence of other compounds along with flavonoid compounds reduces their inhibition.
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