Journal of Crop Ecophysiology: 67 (67)

Open Access Article

1 - Maize- Peanut Intercropping Under Inoculated with Azotobacter chroococcum
Siavash Pourjani Hashem Aminpanah mohammadnaghi safarzade vishekaei

Intercropping and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria improve sustainability of agro-ecosystems. To evaluate the effect of Azotobacter (Azotobacter chroococcum) inoculation on productivity of a peanut /maize intercropping system, a two-year study was design as a random More

Intercropping and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria improve sustainability of agro-ecosystems. To evaluate the effect of Azotobacter (Azotobacter chroococcum) inoculation on productivity of a peanut /maize intercropping system, a two-year study was design as a randomized complete block in a factorial arrangement with three replicates at Astaneh-ye Ashrafiyeh, Guilan province. Factors were Azotobacter inoculation [control (non-inoculated) and inoculated with Azotobacter chroococcum) and intercropping pattern (Sole cropping of peanut and maize, additive intercropping pattern at three levels (100% peanut + 100% maize, 100% peanut + 50% maize, and 50% peanut + 100% maize), and replacement intercropping pattern at three levels (50% peanut + 50% maize, 67% peanut +33% maize, and 33% peanut + 67% maize). Results showed that gain yields of maize and peanut were significantly affected by Azotobacter inoculation and intercropping pattern. Inoculation with Azotobacter chroococcum significantly increased grain yields of peanut and maize by 10% and 16%, respectively. Maximum and minimum of land equivalent ratio (LER) were observed at 100% peanut + 50% maize and 50% peanut + 50% maize, respectively and inoculated intercropped plots with Azotobacter chroococcum had 12-16% grater LER that non-inoculated ones. Regards to impossibility of mechanical weed control by machines in additive intercropping patterns, to obtain the highest productivity in maize/peanut intercropping system, intercropping pattern of 100% peanut + 50% maize along with Azotobacter application will be suitable in fields with low weed density. Otherwise, based on LER and grain yield of peanut, the intercropping pattern of 67% peanut + 33% maize along with Azotobacter application will be suitable. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - Effect of Organic Fertilizers, Mycorrhiza and Tillage on Yield and Uptake of Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Seed, Leaves and Soil under Maize Cultivation
Alireza Feilinezhad Mohammad Mirzaeiheydari Farzad Babae Abbas Maleki Mahmood Rostami nia

The present experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of tillage, organic fertilizers and mycorrhiza on quantitative traits and nutrient uptake in maize. The experiment was performed as a split plot with 4 replications in a randomized complete block design in A More

The present experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of tillage, organic fertilizers and mycorrhiza on quantitative traits and nutrient uptake in maize. The experiment was performed as a split plot with 4 replications in a randomized complete block design in August of the crop year 2017 and 2018 in Ivan city in Ilam province. Tillage at 3 levels (no tillage, tillage to a depth of 10 cm and tillage to a depth of 30 cm), organic fertilizer at 3 levels (no use, vermicompost 30 tons per hectare and bovine manure 30 tons per hectare) and mycorrhizal fungus Glomus mosseae and it was by soil inoculation method (consumption and non-consumption). In a minimal tillage system, seed yield was 7053.2 kg ha-1, an increase of 21% compared to the least amount of tillage-free treatment. In the minimum tillage system and the consumption of cow manure, the highest grain yield was obtained in the amount of 8198.2 kg ha-1. The interaction of mycorrhizae and tillage on grain yield was significant. In the case of minimal tillage and mycorrhizae, the maximum grain yield was707.1 kg ha-1, which was significantly different from the treatment without tillage and deep in both mycorrhizal and non-amycorrhizal states. According to the results obtained in this study, it was found that soil application at least relative to the deep system has increased plant yield. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - Evaluation of Growth, Yield, Oil Content, Irrigation Water Productivity and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) at Different Levels of Plant Density and Nitrogen Content
Morteza Motamed Shahram Rezvan Zarin Taj Alipour Ghanbar Laie جعفرمسعود سینکی

In order to investigate the effect of planting densities and different amounts of nitrogen on leaf greenness index and leaf area index, seed yield and oil yield, irrigation water productivity and nitrogen use efficiency in sunflower, an experiment was conducted as a spl More

In order to investigate the effect of planting densities and different amounts of nitrogen on leaf greenness index and leaf area index, seed yield and oil yield, irrigation water productivity and nitrogen use efficiency in sunflower, an experiment was conducted as a split plot in the form of randomized complete blocks design with three replications in the research farm of Agriculture Institute in Semnan province in the spring of 2019. Plant density in four levels (4, 6, 8 and 10 plants per m2) as a main plot and the amount of nitrogen levels (0. 50, 100, 150 and 200 kg urea ha-1) as sub plot was considered. Leaf greenness index, plant height, 100-seed weight, seed nitrogen content and seed oil content were significantly affected by the simple effect of planting density, which decreased with increasing density of the above traits. Also, the nitrogen levels significantly affected the studied traits, so that with increasing the amount of nitrogen consumption, from control (0 kg urea ha-1) to 200 kg urea ha-1, the leaf greenness index increased by 15.3%. The highest amount of plant height, 100-seed weight and grain nitrogen were obtained in the treatment of 150 kg urea ha-1 and 14.13, 9.07 and 24.3% more than no application, respectively. Mean comparing the results of water use efficiency showed that at a density of four plants per m2 and an increase in nitrogen levels, along with increasing height and leaf area index, water use efficiency also increased, but higher levels of density led to smaller plant yield, less plant biomass and water efficiency were reduced. The highest nitrogen use efficiency was obtained in the density of 8 plants per m2 and no application of nitrogen fertilizer. Finally, maximum grain yield (4016 kg.ha-1) and oil yield (1827 kg.ha-1) were obtained by consuming 150 kg urea per ha-1 and density of 8 plants per m2. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - The Response of Genetic Diversity of Durum Wheat for Zinc Deficiency Stress in Calcareous Soil Using some Physiological Parameters
Sedigheh hajihoseinlou Ezatollah Esfandiari Esmaeil Karimi Levent Ozturk

Zinc deficiency is a common problem in the agricultural lands of Iran, which is present in a significant part of them with different degrees. Among different wheat cultivars, durum is more sensitive to zinc deficiency than others. Considering the importance of Genetic d More

Zinc deficiency is a common problem in the agricultural lands of Iran, which is present in a significant part of them with different degrees. Among different wheat cultivars, durum is more sensitive to zinc deficiency than others. Considering the importance of Genetic diversity in breeding programs, the present study was carried out using 28 genotypes of durum wheat with the aim of identifying their behavioral response to zinc deficiency in calcareous soil, as a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications. Results showed that zinc content and concentration in the shoots of tolerant cultivars like Dena and Cheheldaneh is not necessarily higher than susceptible cultivars such as Ozbec, Amonos and Aydin in both zinc deficiency and sufficiency conditions, and in resistant cultivars the concentration and content of zinc in the shoots may be less than the sensitive cultivars. In zinc deficiency condition, the lowest and highest dry weight of shoots were obtained in PGS and Cheheldaneh genotypes, respectively, and when sufficient it was obtained in Celcuklu and Cheheldaneh genotypes. The lowest zinc concentration in zinc deficiency belonged to genotype 45430 and the highest value belonged to Ozbec genotype. Also the lowest and highest zinc concentrations in zinc sufficiency were measured in genotypes Durbel and Mirzabey respectively. Genotype 45430 had the lowest and Ozbec had the highest zinc content in zinc deficiency condition. On the other hand in terms of zinc sufficiency, Amonos and Durbel genotypes commonly had the least zinc content and 45430 genotype its highest content. The most symptoms of zinc deficiency appeared in Durbel and the least symptoms were recorded in Dena genotype. In terms of zinc deficiency Zenit and Cakmak genotypes and by zinc application Mirzabey and Kunduru genotypes indicated the highest and lowest zinc consumption efficiencies, respectively. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - Effect of Tillage Systems and Nitrogen Fertilizer on Agro Physiological Characteristics of Corn
Reza Imani Morteza Samdaliri امیر عباس موسوی

To investigate the effect of tillage systems and nitrogen fertilizer on corn characteristics, in 2016 and 2017, a research field was conducted in the research farm of Islamic Azad University Chalous Branch during two cropping years.The experiment was performed as a spli More

To investigate the effect of tillage systems and nitrogen fertilizer on corn characteristics, in 2016 and 2017, a research field was conducted in the research farm of Islamic Azad University Chalous Branch during two cropping years.The experiment was performed as a split-plot in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Experimental factors include tillage at three levels (no-tillage, conservation tillage and conventional tillage) in the main plot and nitrogen fertilizer sources at four levels, including non-application of zero, 33, 66,and 100% of the recommended amount of nitrogen fertilizer based on the test. The soil was on a subplot.Comparing the average effect of tillage showed that the highest grain yield was obtained in conservation tillage treatment at the rate of 10247 kg/ha-1. Comparison of tillage's average effect showed that the highest biological product was received in conservation tillage at the rate of 15754 kg/ha-1. Comparison of the average interaction of the year in tillage also showed that the highest NUPE was observed in the conservation tillage treatment in the second year at the rate of 0.90 kg.kg-1, which showed an increase of 47% compared to the treatment no tillage in the first year. NUPE in tillage treatments increased in the second year compared to the first year, which was higher in conservation and non-tillage tillage treatments. Comparison of the average treatment of nitrogen fertilizer showed that the highest grain nitrogen was obtained in the treatment of 100% nitrogen fertilizer at the rate of 1.98%, which showed an increase of 25.7% compared to the control treatment.In general, the results of this study showed that by applying conservation tillage methods, the least damage can be done to the soil structure, and through this, maximum yield and efficiency can be achieved in the corn plant. Therefore, according to grain yield, the most appropriate treatment for the study area is the use of conservation tillage in the case of fertilizer application of 66% nitrogen. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - The Effect of Combined Application of Biological, Organic and Chemical Fertilizers on Growth Responses and Quality of Several Potato Cultivars (Solanum tuberosum) in Northern Khuzestan Province
mansour timar Shahram Lack Alireza Shokuhfar Naser Zarifinia mojtaba alavifazel

In order to investigate the effect of nutrition management of different potato cultivars, on the quantitative and qualitative traits and nutrients content in the potato tuber, an experiment was conducted in Safi Abad Agricultural Research Center of Dezful as split plot More

In order to investigate the effect of nutrition management of different potato cultivars, on the quantitative and qualitative traits and nutrients content in the potato tuber, an experiment was conducted in Safi Abad Agricultural Research Center of Dezful as split plot based on completely randomized block design with three replications during two cropping years 2016-2017. The studied treatments are nutrition at three levels (application of urea, triple superphosphate and potassium sulfate fertilizers (180, 150 and 100 kg.ha-1, respectively), nutrition with humic acid organic fertilizer and phosphorus Barvar-2 (1kg and 100 g.ha-1, respectively) and combined nutrition treatment with chemical fertilizers + humic acid+ phosphorus Barvar-2) in main plots and potato cultivars (Sante, Arinda and Savalan) in sub plots. The results showed that chemical fertilizer treatments had a higher percentage of dry matter than other nutritional treatments and nutritional treatment with chemical fertilizer+ humic acid+Barvar-2 was in the next rank. Also, findings showed that Sante cultivar in the second year with application of chemical fertilizer had higher percentage of dry matter than other treatments by 27.69 percent followed by Savalan cultivar was in the same nutrition treatment in the second year of cultivation 26.47 percent dry matter. Based on the results of mean comparison, the nitrogen content of potato in the second year increased significantly compared to the first year and the highest nitrogen content was observed in the studied treatments in the second year of the study. The highest amount of phosphorus was the humic acid+ Barvar-2 treatment in the second year by 3.31 mg. g-1 in Arinda cultivar. Generally, humic acid treatments were better than other nutritional treatments in terms of phosphorus levels. Also, according to the qualitative traits, the lowest levels of solanine toxin were obtained in the first and second year in Savalan cultivar, by 546.4 and 632. 2μg.g-1 dry matter respectively. In chemical fertilizer nutrition treatments, Arinda cultivar had the lowest amount of solanine toxin in both years of research. Overall, the results of this study showed that Savalan cultivar had better performance than other cultivars and in general, the application of phosphorus Barvar-2 and humic acid improved the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of potatoes in the northern Khuzestan climatic conditions. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

7 - Study the Effect of Interval Irrigation and Nitrogen Fertilizer on Yield and Yield Components of Maize (Case study; Golestan Province)
Yaser kordkatooli حسین عجم نوروزی Ebrahim Amiri Afshin Soltani Mohamad Reza Dadashi

In order to investigate irrigation management and the effects of different amounts of nitrogen fertilizer on hybrid corn SC704 experimental in the form of crushed plots in the form of complete randomized block design in three replications during two crop years 2015 and More

In order to investigate irrigation management and the effects of different amounts of nitrogen fertilizer on hybrid corn SC704 experimental in the form of crushed plots in the form of complete randomized block design in three replications during two crop years 2015 and 2016 in Golestan province, in Katul was done. The main factor of irrigation cycle by day in four levels including 7, 14, 21 and 28 days and the secondary factor of nitrogen fertilizer in four levels included 60, 120, 180 and 240 kg.ha-1. The results of analysis of variance showed a significant effect between irrigation cycle and nitrogen on Weigh of 1000 grains, grain yield, seed nitrogen and biomass yield. The results showed that 28 days of irrigation reduced grain yield, seed nitrogen, seed phosphate and seed potassium compared to 7 to 14 days of irrigation. The increase in nitrogen fertilizer to 180 and 240 kg.ha-1 increased the yield of the grain by affecting the biological yield and yield components seed nitrogen, seed phosphate and seed potassium. However, nitrogen consumption in higher amounts under stress conditions (21 to 28 day Interval Irrigation) not only did not have a positive effect on yield, but also reduced grain yield by 180 to 240 kg.ha-1. The highest grain yield was obtained in the combination of 7 and 14 day irrigation treatment and nitrogen level of 240 to 180 kg.ha-1 and 12209, 11416, 10147 kg.ha-1. The results of the average comparison between the two years showed that the highest number of grains per corn was 583, the Number of grains per row as 40.3 and the Weigh of 1000 grains was 138.9 grams and seed nitrogen 3.991 µg.g-1 DW in the second year. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

8 - Allopathic Effect of Aqueous Extract of Saffron Petals and Total Flavonoids Extracted on Germination and Seedling Growth of Wild Oat (Avena fatua L.)
Seyyed Hashem Asghari Najib Ali Sorooshzadeh Ali Mokhtassi-Bidgoli

In order to investigate the allopathic effect of aqueous extract of saffron petals and total flavonoids extracted on germination indices and some morphological traits, total chlorophyll and soluble sugar of wild oat seedlings, an experiment was conducted in 2018 in the More

In order to investigate the allopathic effect of aqueous extract of saffron petals and total flavonoids extracted on germination indices and some morphological traits, total chlorophyll and soluble sugar of wild oat seedlings, an experiment was conducted in 2018 in the laboratory of Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran. The experiment was a completely randomized design with three replications. The first treatment was the type of extract at two levels (total extract and total flavonoid) and the second treatment was the concentration of extracts (distilled water, 50, 100 and 150 mg.L-1). The results showed that the maximum stem length, root length and fresh weight of seedlings were obtained in the non-extract treatment. Application of saffron petal extract treatment reduced the above traits so that the minimum amount of stem length, root length and total seedling fresh weight with averages of 5.2 cm, 5.1 cm and 0.013 g, respectively. Total flavonoids and 150 mg L-1 of the extract were obtained. Total extract reduced the total chlorophyll content so that the total flavonoid ratio was 7.92% lower. However, among the concentrations used, only 150 mg L-1 of the extract reduced the total chlorophyll content and other levels were not significantly different. Seedling mannose content was reduced by applying total extract which was 6.7% less than total flavonoid treatment. The highest amount of glucose was obtained in the treatment of non-consumption of the extract (3.12 mg.g-1 FW) and increasing the concentration of the extract led to a decrease in glucose. The highest grain yield was obtained at control concentration of extract (150 g.m-2). Increasing the concentration of extracts led to a decrease in leaf area index, plant height and biological yield about 23.8%, 28.7% and 20.9%, respectively. The results show that the effectiveness of total flavonoid extract was higher than total extract. In general, the inhibitory effect of total extract was more on mannose and in the case of total flavonoids, the reducing effect of the extract was ore obviouse on total chlorophyll and stem to root ratio. The greatest effect of growth inhibition is related to flavonoid compounds and the presence of other compounds along with flavonoid compounds reduces their inhibition. Manuscript profile

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