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Open Access Article
1 - Simultaneous location and design of solar and wind power plants in Fars province in order to reduce greenhouse gases
Mehdi Motevasel saman tashakor mohammad ArghavanIntroduction: Today, the utilization of renewable energy has not only enhanced the efficiency and effectiveness of power plants but has also resulted in a substantial reduction in greenhouse gas emissions from fossil fuel power plants, offering numerous environmental be MoreIntroduction: Today, the utilization of renewable energy has not only enhanced the efficiency and effectiveness of power plants but has also resulted in a substantial reduction in greenhouse gas emissions from fossil fuel power plants, offering numerous environmental benefits for human societies. This research specifically focuses on harnessing the synergistic potential of solar and wind energy to achieve improved cost-efficiency and greater utilization of both resources. The study examined eight cities in Fars province, each with varying climatic conditions. Materials and Methods: The Fuzzy Hierarchy Analysis Process is employed to select the most suitable location within each of the selected cities for the construction of a power plant. To make this selection, various factors, including wind density, solar radiation, population, and susceptibility to natural disasters, are taken into account. The assessment involves the calculation of three key indicators based on mathematical relationships and environmental measurements. These indicators encompass wind density, solar radiation intensity, as well as the population and the vulnerability to natural disasters such as earthquakes, floods, and dust storms.Additionally, fuzzy logic is utilized to assign weightings and determine a single value for these three attributes. This value is computed using MATLAB software. Results and Discussion: In this research, the cities of Fars province were compared with four different criteria. According to the survey, the best cities were determined using the fuzzy hierarchical analysis method, and the results show that the best city was Euclid, followed by Safasher and Bowanat. The survey showed that the cities of Kazeroon and Firozabad have the lowest points based on the construction of wind-solar power plants. To analyze the obtained result, different criteria should be checked. It was observed that in the ranking of criteria, the score of solar and wind energy criteria is more important than the other two criteria. Conclusion: The surveys have revealed that the most suitable city for the construction of a wind-solar power plant is Eghlid, followed by Safasher, Bowanat, and Izdakhsht. Conversely, Kazeroon and Firouzabad rank lowest in terms of suitability for such power plant projects.Subsequently, the design of the power plant in the city of Optimum has been thoroughly discussed. In this context, three different operational modes have been considered: one with a 50% reliance on solar energy and 50% on wind energy, another with a 70% reliance on solar energy and 30% on wind energy, and a third with 30% solar and 70% wind energy utilization. The results indicate that the most optimal performance is achieved when 70% of the power production comes from wind turbines and 30% from the solar power plant. This approach proves to be increasingly effective as time progresses. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Well-being Model of Power System with Photovoltaic Unit
Amir Ghaedi Hamid Keyvani Ayoub AlipourPhotovoltaic units convert solar energy into electricity. The power of these plants is dependent on the amount of solar radiation, and because the solar radiation is variable, the production power also changes over time, and its effect on various issues, including the o MorePhotovoltaic units convert solar energy into electricity. The power of these plants is dependent on the amount of solar radiation, and because the solar radiation is variable, the production power also changes over time, and its effect on various issues, including the operation of the power system, should be investigated. In the operation of the power system, to maintain the balance of production and consumption, some reserve is considered. In the past, the amount of reserve was considered as a percentage of load or power, and in probabilistic methods it is calculated based on risk. In the well-being model of power system, both the probabilistic model and the empirical rules are used to determine the indices. This model is based on risk and the amount of reserve is higher than the capacity of the largest unit. In this paper, the well-being model of the power system with the presence of photovoltaic plants is obtained. For this purpose, the reliability model of the photovoltaic plant is obtained by considering the failure of the components and changes in solar radiation. The simulation results are also presented to investigate the impact of photovoltaic plants on well-being model indices Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Assessment and Prioritization of Effective Factors on Technology Intelligence in the Power Plant Industry (Case Study: MAPNA Power Plants Construction & Development Company, MD-1)
Abbas Khamseh Nazanin Pilvari zohreh NeyriziThe intelligence model emphasizes that the process of designing and modeling of the intelligence technology is a complex activity which requires the capability of obtaining, transmitting and interpreting a large amount of information, financial and technical data, marke MoreThe intelligence model emphasizes that the process of designing and modeling of the intelligence technology is a complex activity which requires the capability of obtaining, transmitting and interpreting a large amount of information, financial and technical data, market trends and other existing internal and external information and data; that the collection of this information is used to develop ideas and opinions and assess the economic feasibility and production capability. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the factors influencing the technology intelligence in MAPNA power plant construction and Development Company MD-1. Therefore, this research is applied and descriptive survey in terms of purpose and methodology. In this research, a model with 5 factors, 26 dimensions and 120 indicators has been use, fitness of which is approved by Smart Pls. To prioritize factors, we utilized the Analytic Network Process (ANP) and the Super Decisions software. The results of the ANP indicate that in the technology intelligence, the strategic management factor is in the first priority, and factors of the innovation management, knowledge management, technology management, and information technology management are in the next priorities, according to opinions of the company's experts. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Assessment of Tehran Beasat Thermal Power Plant Reuse Potential, Based on Adaptive Reuse Potential (ARP) Model
Mohammad Pourebrahimi Seyed Rahman Eghbali Hassan Ghafori FardMany buildings experience demolition while a significant part of their physical and structural life is still remain. Such buildings usually became abandoned before the end of their physical life as a result of various factors, such as the inability to meet the new requi MoreMany buildings experience demolition while a significant part of their physical and structural life is still remain. Such buildings usually became abandoned before the end of their physical life as a result of various factors, such as the inability to meet the new requirements and expectations. In such circumstances, adaptive reuse can have significant benefits compared to demolish and new construction. Demolition has some disadvantages, including waste of building embodied energy, building waste generation, use of new sources and greenhouse gas emissions as a result of new construction. Unlike demolition, adaptive reuse approach avoids the lavish process of demolition and new construction. Adaptive reuse approach can lead to materials waste reduction, maximum use of materials, embodied energy saving, time saving, economic saving, avoiding of overuse of resources and lands and preserve them for future generations. But the reuse of existing buildings need appropriate study and evaluating. Adaptive Reuse Potential (ARP) model through measuring building reuse potential and determining the best time to intervene for the reuse of building turns to an effective tool for decision-making in this area. Adaptive reuse potential (ARP) Model, which was introduced in 2007 by Professor Craig Langston, has a generic application to all countries. Adaptive reuse potential model (ARP) needs data such as the building physical life, current age of the building and building predicted useful life. Actually the useful life of a building is different from its physical life and there maybe buildings losing their utility because of obsolescence, years before the end of their physical life. This model uses 7 types of obsolescence includes, physical, economic, functional, technical, social, legal and political. A scale of 0–20% is used to assess obsolescence vulnerability, where 0% means it is effectively immune and 20% means it is significantly exposed. Adaptive reuse potential model (ARP) output is some indexes as percentage. ARP index more than 50% indicates high adaptive reuse potential, 20% to 50% indicates medium potential for reuse and ARP index below 20% indicates low potential for adaptive reuse. On the one hand, Fossil fuel power plants have valuable features for adaptive reuse, including large open internal spaces, solid structures, large and valuable tracts of land, existing infrastructure, interesting architecture features, historic preservation interest, and landmarks for a new generation. On the other hand, due to large scale of fossil fuel power plants, their demolition can cost a lot and cause waste generation and waste of embodied energy. New construction also involves the use of significant resources and land. Also given to greenhouse gas emissions by these power plants, determination of the useful life, potential and the best time for reuse are very important. Adaptive reuse potential (ARP) model is a useful tool in this regard. This paper assessed the adaptive reuse potential of Tehran Beasat power plant, based on Adaptive reuse potential (ARP) model. So, the Adaptive reuse potential (ARP) model has been studied through the practical application and meanwhile calculating the reuse potential of the power plant the obtained results are discussed and analyzed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Risk Analysis & Financial Evaluation in Power Plant BOT
Faramarz Nouri Parastoo Mohammadi Esmaeil VassafThe aim of this thesis is identifying and modeling the risks of the power plant BOTprojects. Main identified risks in this study are project financing risk(equity ratio risk)and the risk of revenue of project. In order to model the risks, we used the MartingaleVariance MoreThe aim of this thesis is identifying and modeling the risks of the power plant BOTprojects. Main identified risks in this study are project financing risk(equity ratio risk)and the risk of revenue of project. In order to model the risks, we used the MartingaleVariance Model (MVM) for the revenue risk and the Triangular distribution function forthe equity ratio risk. We applicated the Monte Carlo simulations method for obtainingthe probability distribution function and critical values of the decision index (Net PresentValue, Internal Rate of Return, Debt Service Coverage Ratio). The one of thermal powerplant projects data prepared by MAPNA, has been implemented in this study. The resultsof the simulation indicate that the risk of negative NPV of project is 13.41 percent and therisk of DSCR lower than 1.2 is 8.65 percent. Therefore, the sponsors suffering more risksthan lenders in the studied project. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Feasibility study of development and exploitation projects of hydroelectric power stations in urban main water supply systems using hierarchical analysis method (case study: part of Tehran main metropolitan water main pipeline system)
Rojin ziaeipourroudsari Mohammad Reza BeheshtiPreserving the environment and making fossilfuels viable for energy production, as well as power grid losses and low efficiency of thermal power plants, have drawn human attention to the use of alternative and renewable resourcesof energy such as hydroenergy.One of the MorePreserving the environment and making fossilfuels viable for energy production, as well as power grid losses and low efficiency of thermal power plants, have drawn human attention to the use of alternative and renewable resourcesof energy such as hydroenergy.One of the most effective approaches to operational managementof the urbanwatersupply networks is to control thesurplus hydraulicpressure in somepartsof thesystem.Therefore,utilizing thepotential head along main gravitypipelines route to recoverenergy can be considered as a favourable strategy for optimum flowcontrol and management of thewaterpressure in the network.In this study,by applying hydraulic simulationof a given water supply network,the important hydraulicparameters suchas available netpressure head in various locationsof waterpipeline and water reservoirs inflow havebeen derived.Hence,by considering these essentialparameters and taking into account the topographicstatusof water transmission route and hydraulicgrade line elevation at each point,thepower output was calculated at nine selected hydropower sites.In addition,to Prioritizing theconstruction and operationof theproposed hydropower potentials and providing useful guidance to authorities,investors and executive managers,a multi-criteria decision-making analysis based on the analytic hierarchy process was conducted according to five key criteria including technical,economic,social, passivedefence and environmental aspects.Hence,a comprehensive multi-criteria model based on AHP and questionnaires has been developed to rank hydroenergy production in proposed sites in a water supply network.By analysing the expert questionnaires and weighting to each of thecriteria and sub-criteria(pairwise comparison)in theExpertChoicesoftware,it was found that thetechnical,economic,environmental,passivedefence and socialcriteria were ranked in first to fifth place,respectively.The results showed that microhydropower potential sites in R.1183,R.1453 and R.57reservoirs with installed capacityof3100,4107and1072KW respectively,were ranked in thefirst to third priorityof construction in thestudied watersupply network. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Prioritizing Between Pakdasht Combined Cycle Power Plant And Kahak Wind Power Plant Based On Environmental Criteria
Seyed hasan fatemi Forogh Farsad Seyed Mahmoud Shariat farzam babaeiIntroduction & Aim: Environmental pollutions are the side effects of industrial activities which put the environment in danger. On the other hand, by growing the population and increasing the electricity usage in the country, it’s necessary to construct new po MoreIntroduction & Aim: Environmental pollutions are the side effects of industrial activities which put the environment in danger. On the other hand, by growing the population and increasing the electricity usage in the country, it’s necessary to construct new power plants. Power plants were prioritized based on different criteria. In this research based on the environmental, social and economical dimention , Kahak wind powerplant (the biggest wind powerplant) and Pakdasht Combined cycle powerplant (the biggest combined cycle powerplant in Iran) were studied. Methods: In this research, Multi criteria decision making methods such as AHP and Topsis were used .to select the priority of the power plants. These two are the most important and optimal decision making methods .Results: Among the five environmental criteria which were chosen by experts, water (weight of 0.451) was placed in the first rank . Other criteria like weather (weight of 0.223), social and economical effects (weight of 0.120), soil (weight of 0.114) and other environmental effects (weight of .081) were placed in second to fifth rank.Discussion & conclusion: As a result , based on the expert’s opinion ( Delphis` panel) construction of more suitable powerplants as Wind cycle powerplants are more suitable than combined cycle .because of less environmental pollution and degredation and also are moved toward environmental sustainability. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Application of Combined Pinch and Exergy Analysis for Energy and Emissions Optimization of Steam Power Plants
Mohammad Hasan Khoshgoftar ManeshBackground and Objective: The ability of Pinch Technology is related to design and analysis of processes; however, it can’t be used individually for heat and power system. In the other words, exergy analysis can apply for evaluation of heat and power systems. It c MoreBackground and Objective: The ability of Pinch Technology is related to design and analysis of processes; however, it can’t be used individually for heat and power system. In the other words, exergy analysis can apply for evaluation of heat and power systems. It can determine unavoidable parts of energy systems and specify the maximum potential of optimization. Method: The main limitation of exergy analysis is the lake of general and clear method for design of system. The combined pinch and exergy analysis that using the advantages of both methods satisfy the limitations. In this paper, the RAMIN Ahvaz thermal power plant as a case study is defined. Furthermore, using CPEA the potential of optimization has been determined and evaluated. Findings: Three proposed modification scenarios have been used for optimization of Power Plant as follows: 1. approaching pinch temperatures 2. Increasing steam in boiler and 3.Decreasing pressure of condenser. Discussion and Conclusion: With employing both methods the efficiency of power plant has been increased by 1.7%. In addition, the fuel consumption is about 1569 m3/h and flue gases have been reduced by 1.7% (20t/h). So, the emissions have been reduced by 1.7%. The Thermoflow (Steam Pro) software has been applied for simulation of case study. In addition, Aspen Pinch Software has been employed for CPEA. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Measurement of Radioactivity of Surface Soil in the East of Shazand Power Plant
Reza Pourimani Tayebeh Davood MaghamiBackground and Objective: Human beings are always exposed to ionizing radiation. One of the sources of this radiation is the nuclear radiation from terrestrial radioactive nuclide in water, soil, rock and plants. Nuclear radiation emission from radionuclides causes dise MoreBackground and Objective: Human beings are always exposed to ionizing radiation. One of the sources of this radiation is the nuclear radiation from terrestrial radioactive nuclide in water, soil, rock and plants. Nuclear radiation emission from radionuclides causes diseases like cancer and genetic abnormalities. Therefore, studies of soil radioactivity are of great importance. Method:In this research, 34 soil samples were studied between the Shazand Power Plant and Arak city. The specific activities radionuclides were determined using gamma ray spectrometry method, with employing a high purity germanium detector (HPGe) model GCD30195 with 30% relative efficiency. Finding: The specific activity of 226Ra, 232Th, 40K and 137Cs in these samples varied from 18.92± 1.91 to 43.11± 2.69, 25.31± 2.16 to 54.27±3.65, 230.17±9.96 to728.25± 18.03 and <1.49 to 9.52±0.88 in Bq/kg respectively. Absorbed dose rate in air one meter height from ground and radium equivalent were calculated as 4.57± 1.38 to 79.68 ±2.07 in nGy/h and 84.14± 3.08 to 157.74± 4.50. Conclusion: The average of radium equivalent for soil samples was calculated as 116.38±18.38 Bq/kg which is the same level of world average (131.69). Maximum radioactivity observed in 3 to 7 km distance from Power Plant. The results of this study indicate that the radiation of the soil does not pose a threat to the health of the inhabitants. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Evaluation of Soil Contamination to Heavy Metals around the Shazand Power Plants Using Statistical and Geo Statistical Analysis
feridon ghadimi Mohammad Ghomi Elaheh Mohamadi valy kandi Elaheh mohammadiVali KandiBackground and Purpose: Development in sciences are influenced by the wys of comfort in living today. But, the development has provided high problems such as environmental pollution. Heavy metals are the most important elements that contaminated environment and are pois MoreBackground and Purpose: Development in sciences are influenced by the wys of comfort in living today. But, the development has provided high problems such as environmental pollution. Heavy metals are the most important elements that contaminated environment and are poisonous for human as well. These elements such as Pb, Zn, Cr, Cd, Co and Cu are produced by industrial activities. Method: This paper attempts to apply geochemical methods such as statistical and geostatistical method for evaluation of distribution heavy metals in soils. Thermal power plant of Shazand in the close of Mohajaran of Arak city is the center of elemental pollution accompanied with refinery and petrochemical in this area. Findings: This study is determined that among the elements such as Pb, Zn, Cr, Cd, Co and Cu, only Cd is contaminants element. Discussion and Conclusion: The amount of Cd is high in fuel raw of Iran and Shazand power plant uses this fuel. Therefore, Cd has increased in the extruded smok and has transferred by wind and has deposited in the soil. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Heavy metals concentrations (Ni / Pb / Cd) in Spinach (Spinacia oleraceae) with Effect of Atmospheric Desiccation (Case Study: Upper Hand and Downstream of Ramin Ahvaz Power Plant)
Ali Karimi Shooshtari Maryam Mohammadi RouzbahaniBackground and Objective: Several studies have been done to measure the concentration of heavy metals in vegetables, but so far, research on the determination of heavy metals in spinach and soil vegetation in upstream and downstream of the Ramin power plant using induct MoreBackground and Objective: Several studies have been done to measure the concentration of heavy metals in vegetables, but so far, research on the determination of heavy metals in spinach and soil vegetation in upstream and downstream of the Ramin power plant using inductively coupled plasma - Optical emission spectroscopy has not been performed. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the concentration of cadmium, lead, and nickel in spinach and soil harvested from upstream and downstream fields of Ramin Power Plant.Material and Methodology: 99 vegetable and soil samples were collected. After chemical digestion (for soil using EPA 3050 and for plant using Jackson, 1980), preparation was performed by the ICP-OES induction plasma coupling device. Then, the results were analyzed using SPSS20 software.Findings: The results showed that concentrations of Cd, Pb and Ni in spinach and the soil bottom of the plant were 17.76, 20.89 and 43.68 mg / kg, 0.09, 0.1, 2.52 mg / kg, respectively. And in the spinach and the upper soil of the Ramin power plant were measured 6.81, 17.94 and 28.38 mg / kg, 0.88, 0.8 and 1.85 mg / kg respectively, which according to the standard limit. Concentration of cadmium, nickel and lead in spinach was higher and in soil below standard level. The concentration of all three metals in all vegetable samples was higher than the standard standard. The general pattern of concentrations of metals in vegetables and soil is Ni> Pb> Cd.Discussion and Conclusion: Considering the high concentration of heavy metals in spinach herb and the impact of atmospheric dry atmospheric precipitation in the region, focusing on the potential risk of heavy metals contamination for food safety and human health in agricultural soils and upstream and downstream Ramin power plants it is very necessary. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - Investigating the Pollution of Renewable Power Plants with AHP, TOPSIS and VIKOR Analysis Approach
Zeinolabedin Sadeghi Maryam Rezaee Jafari Amin Ghasemi NejadBackground and Objective: Electricity production and consumption are considered as two of the most important factors and premises in the growth and development of every country. We need to build power plants for electricity production given the high costs and investment MoreBackground and Objective: Electricity production and consumption are considered as two of the most important factors and premises in the growth and development of every country. We need to build power plants for electricity production given the high costs and investment needed for the construction of each power plant in electricity industry, it is necessary to select these power plants according to a wide range of criteria. Method: Using economic, environmental and technical criteria, this study attempts to prioritize different power plants in Iran via AHP, TOPSIS and VIKOR method. Findings: Environmental pollution indices, initial investment per kilowatt hour of electricity generation, maintenance costs, easy access to spare parts and the possibility of developing and increasing capacity were introduced the main indicators affecting prioritization of the power plants in Iran. In general, according to all indices studied in this study, environmental pollution has the most impact on the prioritization of power generation plants. Also, the indexes related to the amount of initial investment per kWh, maintenance costs, the possibility of developing and increasing capacity, and easy access to spare parts were considered as the most important factors. Discussion and Conclusions: The findings from the prioritization by each methods of Multiple Attribute Decision Making show that wind plants have the top priority in the strategic selection of electricity plant, and solar energy. Hydropower, small-scale (scattered), gas, steam, combined cycle and diesel respectively are the next priorities .Therefore, it is suggested that government and political organizations start to make foundations and infrastructure required for utilization of such energies in power plants given the illustrated prioritization. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - Thermodynamic and Environmental Simulation and Analysis of Tehran Petroleum Refinery Power and Steam Plant
Mohammad Hasan Khoshgoftar Manesh Mohammad TolamiBackground and Objectives: Oil refineries are the most energy-intensive industries and produce a lot of pollutions. So, thermodynamic simulation is important for performance analysis of equipment, estimation of emissions and environmental impacts. In this paper, simulat MoreBackground and Objectives: Oil refineries are the most energy-intensive industries and produce a lot of pollutions. So, thermodynamic simulation is important for performance analysis of equipment, estimation of emissions and environmental impacts. In this paper, simulation and thermodynamic and environmental analysis of Tehran refinery power and steam plant have been studied. Method: In this regards, two scenarios for performance improvement of steam and power system have been proposed for Tehran refinery. Thermodynamic simulation of each main component has been performed in Matlab Environment. To verification of simulation results, Thermoflex and Star software have been employed. Also, Sima Pro software has been used for estimation of environmental impacts based on Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). Findings: Results show the accuracy of the thermodynamic simulation is very high. The power of steam turbines has been increased by 8.87 % in the second and third scenarios. Also, the environmental impacts have been reduced 16 % in second and 60% in third scenarios. Discussion and Conclusion: According to the proposed scenarios and optimization of Tehran Refinery steam network, the efficiency of the network increases energy consumption and production of pollutants is significantly reduced. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - The new hybrid SELKA method for evaluation, ranking and selection of green suppliers in the supply chain
Elham Shadkam Fatemeh AdinehBackground and Objective: With the increasing number of environmental problems, it is very important to pay attention to environmental standards in the supply chain and has led to the creation of a green supply chain that causes the least damage to the environment. Eval MoreBackground and Objective: With the increasing number of environmental problems, it is very important to pay attention to environmental standards in the supply chain and has led to the creation of a green supply chain that causes the least damage to the environment. Evaluating, ranking and selecting a green supplier in the supply chain is important in order to reduce costs and achieve more profit and thus increase the efficiency and performance of the supply chain. The purpose of this article is to evaluate and select the best green suppliers of wind farm equipment using SELKA proposed approach and to prioritize suppliers according to economic and environmental criteria in the supply chain using this method. Material and Methodology: In this paper, a hybrid approach called SELKA method is presented, which is a combination of data envelopment analysis methods and hierarchical analysis process, and the crossover matrix of efficiency is used instead of the matrix of weights. Findings: The most important advantage of the proposed approach is to simultaneously consider the efficiency of suppliers and evaluate them according to the existing criteria, which is not considered in any of the decision-making methods, and thus leads to a more accurate and efficient evaluation of suppliers. Discussion and Conclusion: In order to validate SELKA's proposed method, the issue of evaluation and selection of green suppliers in wind power plants is discussed and the results are compared with similar methods. The results show the superiority of the proposed method of the article in the ranking of suppliers and selects more efficient suppliers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - Assessment of Pb, Cd and Cu concentrations of soil samples in the vicinity of Shazand thermal power plant, Arak, Iran
Horiyeh Abedi Soheil Sobhanardakani Asghar SeifBackground and Objective: Spatial distribution of contaminants is essential for soil contamination monitoring and maintaining environmental quality. Therefore, this study was conducted to assessment of Pb, Cd and Cu concentrations of soil samples in the vicinity of Shaz MoreBackground and Objective: Spatial distribution of contaminants is essential for soil contamination monitoring and maintaining environmental quality. Therefore, this study was conducted to assessment of Pb, Cd and Cu concentrations of soil samples in the vicinity of Shazand thermal power plant in 2013 and preparing the spatial distribution map of elements. Material and Methodology: A total of 54 topsoil and subsoil samples were collected from nine sampling stations. In the laboratory, after preparation of soil samples, heavy metal concentrations were determined using ICP-OES. All statistical analyses were performed using the SPSS 18.0 statistical package. Also, spatial distribution maps of elements were prepared using Kriging interpolation method. Findings: Based on the results obtained, the maximum mean concentration of Pb (µg/kg) in topsoil and subsoil samples were 10255 ± 577 and 8416 ± 415, respectively, while, the maximum mean concentration of Cd in topsoil and subsoil samples were 304 ± 29.0 and 303 ± 34.0 µg/kg, respectively, whereas, the maximum mean concentration of Cu in topsoils and subsoils samples were found to be 11839 ± 431 and 10473 ± 501 µg/kg, respectively. The results of statistical analyses showed that, the mean concentrations of Cu in both topsoil and subsoil specimens were significantly higher than permissible maximum permissible concentration established by WHO. Discussion and Conclusion: Although the mean concentrations of Pb and Cd in soil samples were lower than WHO permissible limits, the establishment of environmental management system in industries of the study area and implementation of programs for the monitoring of heavy metals in soil samples is recommended. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - Evaluation of climate change and prediction of its impacts on efficiency and fuel consumption of thermal power plants in Iran in next decade
Andisheh Shiehbeigi Majid Abbaspour Mohammad Soltaniyeh Farhad Hosseinzadeh Zahra AbediSeveral studies yet have been conducted in the field of climate change in different parts of the worldin order to investigate the impact of meteorological parameters changes on the performance of energysector. In this study, the effect of climate change on the performan MoreSeveral studies yet have been conducted in the field of climate change in different parts of the worldin order to investigate the impact of meteorological parameters changes on the performance of energysector. In this study, the effect of climate change on the performance of energy generation sector atIran power plants in next decade has been investigated using the results of climate change calculationsin the country’s provinces obtained by downscaling through neural network. Calculations show thatthe efficiency of gas power plants averagely decreases by 0.6% per 1 oC temperature increase.Similarly, the efficiency of steam and combined cycle power plants averagely decreases by 0.5% and0.4% respectively. Considering the climate change consequences in Iran, the overall temperature willaveragely increase about 1.36 oC by the year 2025. Conduction a close investigation, the averagetemperature rise affecting the performance of power plants in the country - which would cause a dropin energy generation sector efficiency - was evaluated to be 1.13 oC. After making calculations andutilizing energy and environment software, it was found that the thermal power plants’ fuelconsumption will increase about 2.49%. The results revealed that the amount of carbon dioxideemission and social costs caused by emissions will increase by about 1.3% and 2%, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - Environmental Base Study and investigation of environmental impact of Hydroelectric Power Plant Case study: Sardabrud Hydroelectric Power Plant
Majid Abbaspour Abdolreza Karbasi Ateke Pahlevan Hamid Rahimipour Anaraki Saeed MotahariLife and development of human societies is based on production and consumption of energy, necessity of paying more attention to environment, the fact of running out of fossil fuel and also the need of renewable energy resources has attracted human attention. With having MoreLife and development of human societies is based on production and consumption of energy, necessity of paying more attention to environment, the fact of running out of fossil fuel and also the need of renewable energy resources has attracted human attention. With having reached renewable energy resources, Iran tends to use these sorts of energy. Hydroelectric energy specially is one of the most important and also most economic renewable sources of energy. To assess environmental impacts of Sardabrud hydroelectric power plant, construction and operation phases Leopold Matrix was used to analyses impacts of each phase on physical-chemical, biological, economical and socio economic environments. Also some experiments were carried out in 4 periods to study the quality of the river. Based on obtained results of the existing status and values from Leopold Matrix, and comparing impacts between the operation and no action alternatives, it was revealed that operation alternative is -62 and +69 in construction and operation phases respectively, and no action alternative is -52 and -82 in construction and operation phases respectively. This after averaging the operation score was +7 and no action score was -133 Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - Techno-Economic Evaluation of Energy Recovery Systems in Kerman Power Plant Considering Air Pollution Reduction
Mohamad Javad Jafari Faride Atabi Zahra Abedi Reza MalekiOver the past 6 years, the country’s energy production has increased as much as 8.29% per year on the average. At the present time, power plants play a major role in the production of greenhouse gases and the optimization of the systems of the newly-constructed po MoreOver the past 6 years, the country’s energy production has increased as much as 8.29% per year on the average. At the present time, power plants play a major role in the production of greenhouse gases and the optimization of the systems of the newly-constructed power plants is one of the country’s main environmental challenges. Therefore, the assessment of the construction of energy recovery systems aiming at increasing the efficiency of gas power plants with little pollution can be a great help to the environment. In this study, a techno-economic evaluation of energy recovery systems has been done in Kerman power plant considering air pollution reduction. Fortunately, the potentials for the construction of combined cycle power plants exist in the country. Since such power plants save the fuel and increase the efficiency, they can reduce contaminating gases. The application of energy recovery systems in gas power plants is quite economical and their pay-back rate is 9-10 years. The results of the present study show that with these plants, 152 million liters of gas-oil and 58.3 billion cubic meters of natural gas will be saved over a period of 30 years. As a result, 1.652 million tons of greenhouse gases will be reduced. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - Analysis of Land Suitability to Locate Wind Power Plant in Ardabil Province Using AHP and SAW Methods in GIS Environment
Hamid reza Jafari Ali Azizi Hossein Nasiri Sepideh AbediAbstractFinding the best site for construction of wind farm such as any other engineering project needs basicinformation and specific programming. After confirmation of exploitable wind potential, finding thesuitable location of wind farm regarding to various technical, MoreAbstractFinding the best site for construction of wind farm such as any other engineering project needs basicinformation and specific programming. After confirmation of exploitable wind potential, finding thesuitable location of wind farm regarding to various technical, economic-social and natural factors areso important. This study analyzes land suitability for placing wind farm in Ardabil province regardingto some effective factors such as height, slope, and distance from urban areas, distance from villageregions, distance from water bodies and distance from main roads networks. For this purpose, at first 9effective factors are identified and prepared in GIS and weight of each criterion and classes arecalculated by Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) methods.The next step of procedure was the elimination of exclusionary areas for wind power plant.Afterwards, the study area was zoned for each criterion using analytical functions of GIS. Finally byintegrating zoned maps based on weight from AHP and SAW methods, final map of both methods aresupplied in 5 classes from completely suitable to unsuitable. In this study comparing the results of 2methods expressive that AHP method results are more cautious than SAW results. Also Completelysuitable class resulted from 2 methods in spite of different area, shows Ardabil Plain and foothills ofSabalan could be considered as suitable site to exploit of wind energy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - H 2 S emission from Sabalan geothermal power plant and its control in such plants
Abdoreza Karbasi Faride Atabi Sepide Sahar MirzaeiVisible steam emitting from the cooling tower and H 2 S smell are obvious environmental manifestations of a geothermal facilit MoreVisible steam emitting from the cooling tower and H 2 S smell are obvious environmental manifestations of a geothermal facility. They are usually coupled with concerns about exposure to the high toxicity of mercury and arsenic along with radon radiation. They have been, to a large extent, responsible for the perception that air quality is significantly affected by geothermal activities. In reality, air quality is affected by geothermal facilities a little, especially as compared to many other industries or fossil-fuel power plants. If the quality of air is considered in the construction and utilization of geothermal installations, worries about air quality will be removed. The key to success in air quality programs is the early collection of data, plant operational scenarios, educational programs, etc.The present study aims at predicting dispersion pattern of one of the main gases of Sabalan geothermal power plants to find a solution for its probable negative effects. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - Productivity Analyses of Iranian Power Plant with Environmental Criterion
Abdoulkarim Esmaeili Robab MohsenpoorIntroduction: Productivity of Iranian electric industry with environmental criterion is measured in this study. Material and Methods: Adjusted total factor productivity growth rate using Malmquist Index are calculated for 1981-2005. Result and Discussion: The result ind MoreIntroduction: Productivity of Iranian electric industry with environmental criterion is measured in this study. Material and Methods: Adjusted total factor productivity growth rate using Malmquist Index are calculated for 1981-2005. Result and Discussion: The result indicates that including the pollution abatement activities has a measurable effect on the productivity. Comparison of the productivity shows that the mean productivity with and without environmental criterion were 0.971 and 1.025, respectively. Statistical comparison of the mentioned productivity using Mann-Whitney test reveals that this difference is significant. So it is necessary to use environmental criteria for measuring efficiency and productivity in pollutant industries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - Selection of Different Decision Variables in the Steam Section for the Exergoeconomic Analysis of a TCCGT Power Plant
ashkan abdalisosan maryam fani bejan farhaniyeIntroduction: The major target of this paper shows effect of selected decision variables in the steam system foroptimization of thermal combined cycle power plant.Material and method: Exergoeconomic, and other similar terms used to imply the combined thermodynamicand ec MoreIntroduction: The major target of this paper shows effect of selected decision variables in the steam system foroptimization of thermal combined cycle power plant.Material and method: Exergoeconomic, and other similar terms used to imply the combined thermodynamicand economic analysis of energy systems, which helps to increase the efficiency of a plant without jeopardizingits economic viability. The optimization accomplished using an iterative exergoeconomic. The design data of anexisting plant (Damavand combined cycle power plant in Tehran) used for the present analysis.Results and Diction: Two different objective functions proposed: one minimizes the total cost of production perunit of output, and the other maximizes the total exergetic efficiency. The analysis shows that the total cost ofproduction per unit of output is 2% lower and exergy efficiency is 4% higher with respect to the base case. Itdemonstrates that selected decision variables have a good result for the exergy analysis and cost effectiveness Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - Social (External) Costs of NOx, SO2 and CO2 Emissions from Energy Sector (Power Plants) in Iran
Nastaran Rahimi Narges Kargari Hassan Samadyar Mohamman Nikkhah MonfaredIn this research social (external) cost of NOx, SO2 and CO2 emissions from energy sector (powerplants) in Iran were estimated. For the first time, we used benefit transfer method and by adjustinginternational coefficients of social costs, these costs estimated for each MoreIn this research social (external) cost of NOx, SO2 and CO2 emissions from energy sector (powerplants) in Iran were estimated. For the first time, we used benefit transfer method and by adjustinginternational coefficients of social costs, these costs estimated for each kind of power plants (includingsteam, gaseous, and combined cycle). Different scenarios in this research are consisting of carbontrading, life statistical indexes, etc. At first level we survey 5 selected power plants (for case study) inIran and then the results generalized to all power plants.Social (external) costs for 3 above mentioned gases; each type of power plants and for one kilowatthours of electricity was estimated. The range of social (external) cost for each Kwh of electricity is690 to 1330 Rials. The results define that average social (external) cost per kilowatt hours is about1330 Rials. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - Modeling for Estimation of the Damage Posed by SO2 Emitted from Power Plants on Qazvin Urban Structures (Case Study: Shahid Rajaee Power Plant)
Elham Mojaver Faramarz Moattar Soheil Sobhanardakani Seyed Ali Jozi Seyed Masud MonavariBackground and Objective: In this study, a model for measuring the effects and the physical-economic consequences of air pollutants emitted from Power Plants on urban buildings facades was developed. For the case study, the effect of SO2 pollutant emitted from Rajaee Co MoreBackground and Objective: In this study, a model for measuring the effects and the physical-economic consequences of air pollutants emitted from Power Plants on urban buildings facades was developed. For the case study, the effect of SO2 pollutant emitted from Rajaee Combined-cycle Power Plant on Qazvin’s buildings’ facades was studied.Methods and materials: To develop this model, the Gaussian plume method was used to estimate the air pollution dispersion and impact pathway assessment (IPA) to calculate the air pollutant external costs. The damage costs of SO2 due to the corrosion of building materials, soiling, and consequently an increase in cleaning expenses of each square meter of urban buildings’ facades were localized. After the validation of the output results of the developed model, the external costs based on the wind speed and different atmospheric stability classification were estimated. Different atmospheric stability classes were examined using the Pasquil-Gifford (P-G) classification.Findings: Based on the facade’s material, the highest external costs were related to the white cement with 36575 dollars (849 million Rials). For the thatch façade, which is the local material of the region, the external cost was estimated to be 5376 dollars (1247 million Rials).Based on the wind speed, the highest external cost was obtained for the wind 1m/s with 139026 dollars (3254 million Rials) and the lowest cost was 352 dollars (82 million Rials) for the wind speed of 20 m/s.For the atmospheric stability classification, the lowest external cost in extremely unstable class (A) and the highest external cost in neutral class (D) have been measured. The external cost due to the SO2 pollutants for the city of Qazvin was 0.009 dollars (2162 Rials) For each megawatt-hour generated electricity.Conclusion: The results showed that the materials compatible with the local region can have lower external costs compared with the new materials used in the buildings.Keywords: damage analysis, SO2, combined cycle power plant, external cost, building facade Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - Investigation on Aspects of the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) and its Position in Iran’s Electricity Industry
Kioumars Heydari Masoud Kasraee NezhadBackground and Objective: After the scientific community warning, in the united nation framework convention on climate change, principles to avoid emissions was agreed and under the Kyoto protocol was accomplished as the Clean Development Mechanism. In this paper, while MoreBackground and Objective: After the scientific community warning, in the united nation framework convention on climate change, principles to avoid emissions was agreed and under the Kyoto protocol was accomplished as the Clean Development Mechanism. In this paper, while reviewing the dimensions of this mechanism, the situation of Iran's electricity industry was examined from its perspective. Analysis methodology: In this, after reviewing Iran’s situation in the greenhouse gas emissions the elements of CDM including the history, benefits and barriers, economic aspects, methodology and patterns of environmental assessment power plant was reviewed. Then environmental risks of power industry and Iran’s position in that were discussed. Findings: Per capita CO2 emission growth caused by energy consumption, electricity and heat production, in addition central electricity system and the lack of sufficient focus on distributed generation represents not so bright future of power industry from the perspective of environmental indicators in Iran, which of course has been considered by energy and environmental policymakers in recent years. Discussion and Conclusions: To develop clean electricity, this paper recommends: updating systems, focusing on distributed generation and regional power generation, investing in education Clean Development Mechanism and the development of cogeneration power plants (as a successful experiment in increased efficiency and lower emissions in the power generation process in other countries). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - Assessment of the Geographic Location of Photovoltaic Power Plants on their CO2 Emission Reduction Using Ret Screen Software
Neda E Niknam Seyed Alireza Mirzaye hosseini Ali Mohammadi Lobat TaghaviIncreasing greenhouse gases emissions and limited fossil fuel resources, are two of the most important challenges of the century. Thus, the use of renewable energy is quickly developing and progressing in most countries. One of the appropriate resources for supplying el MoreIncreasing greenhouse gases emissions and limited fossil fuel resources, are two of the most important challenges of the century. Thus, the use of renewable energy is quickly developing and progressing in most countries. One of the appropriate resources for supplying electricity is solar energy. Photovoltaic systems have several unique advantages including pollution-free industrial processes, small off-grid applications, and low cost of repair and maintenance.In this study, two photovoltaic power plants, each with 30 KW capacities, in Kerman and Sari cities were selected and their economic and environmental analysis were conducted based on climatic conditions and local solar radiation using Ret Screen software.Kerman City located in the best radiation zone of Iran with 5/2 Kwh/m2/day energy reception and Sari City situated in the least appropriate sun radiation zone with 3/9 Kwh/m2/day energy reception were selected in this study.Results revealed that the use of photovoltaic power plant would reduce CO2 emissions in Kerman and Sari by 36 and 9 tons per year, respectively. Also the payback period in Kerman and Sari would be 7/3 and 11/2 years. According to this research, the geographical location of the photovoltaic power plant is also very important. Thus, the payback period for Kerman was 4 years less than sari and the amount of Reduction CO2 emission in Kerman was 4 times higher than Sari. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - Determination of Effective Criteria for Power Plants Site Selection
Seyedeh Soolmaz Dashti Fate meh DashtebozorgiNowadays, location surveys are very common in industrial development for all power plants. In these studies, different criteria are taken into account to select the best place to build a power plant. In the present research, in the first stage, a variety of power plants MoreNowadays, location surveys are very common in industrial development for all power plants. In these studies, different criteria are taken into account to select the best place to build a power plant. In the present research, in the first stage, a variety of power plants and their mode of operation were investigated. Then, in the next step, the effective parameters in the activity of the power plant, its location and its performance were determined and divided into three categories of environmental, technical, socio-economic and environmental constraints. In general, all criteria and sub-criteria were expressed in relation to the location of different types of power plants (heater, gas, combined cycle, nuclear, hydroelectric, pumped storage, waves, tidal, wind, solar, geothermal, biomass, diesel and magneto-hydrodynamics). Finally, by specifying such criteria as: energy source of power plants, usability and availability of resources, costs, desirable or unfavorable effects on the human environment, and power generation capabilities, a summary of the characteristics of a power plant was identified. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - Dispersion modelling of SO2 pollution Emitted from Ramin Ahwaz power plant using AERMOD model
IMAN Momeni afshin Danehkar sahebe Karimi nemat allah KhorasaniAir pollution defined as ”existence ofAir pollution defined as ”existence of unfavourable matters in concentration, duration, and frequencies that can has an adverse effect on human wellbeing and environment”. World health organization (WHO) estimates MoreAir pollution defined as ”existence ofAir pollution defined as ”existence of unfavourable matters in concentration, duration, and frequencies that can has an adverse effect on human wellbeing and environment”. World health organization (WHO) estimates that annually 500000 persons have unripe death because ofair pollution. Sulphur dioxide is one of the air pollutant that has acute effects on human health.Fossil fuels consumption in point sources and industrial processes is the main source of sulphur dioxide was emitted to atmosphere. Annuallyaround 547500 tons of sulphur dioxide emitted from thermal power lants in Iran. In comparison of other industries, thermal power plants are main source of this type of pollutions in Iran. In this study we used AERMOD model (a kind of GAUSSIAN models) to Dispersion modelling of SO2 pollution from Ramin Ahwaz power plant. The results have shown that ulphur dioxide concentration emitted from this power plant in any indition of weather is lower than threshold limits specified by Iran DOE and US EPA. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
29 - External costs analysis electricity generation from fossil power plants
Massoumeh torki Zahra abediFossil fuels that are use for power generation in power plants in recent decays are finishing. In addition they are lot of pollution in environment. This pollution different ways are human health and environment. This damage imposes negative external costs that exceed p MoreFossil fuels that are use for power generation in power plants in recent decays are finishing. In addition they are lot of pollution in environment. This pollution different ways are human health and environment. This damage imposes negative external costs that exceed private cost of power plants. The main goal of this paper is to calculated the social cost of Iranian fossil power plants based on coefficient of EPA, world bank and DOE in 1383.social cost of fossil power plant are natural gas power plant, diesel, combine cycle and steam power plants are analyzed. Results show that social cost combine cycle is least and their efficiency is more. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
30 - Technical, Environmental and Financial Feasibility Study of Solar Power Plants by Retscreen, according to the Targeting of Energy Subsidies (Case Study: Photovoltaic Plant of Tehran Science and Research Branch Islamic Azad University)
Majid abbaspour Ali reza Mirzayehosseini Taraneh TaheriThe energy consumption growth in the country has been increased so much that it has made us an importer of energy instead of being a major exporter.In order to face such a threat, implementing strategies to optimize energy production and consumption,modif MoreThe energy consumption growth in the country has been increased so much that it has made us an importer of energy instead of being a major exporter.In order to face such a threat, implementing strategies to optimize energy production and consumption,modifying energy consumption patterns and utilization of renewable energies is necessary. In this regard Iran Azad University, as one of the first pioneers of utilization of renewable energies incampuses, has established a 12 kW photovoltaic power plant in Tehran science and Research Branch of it.In this study, we have taken advantage of The RETScreen International Photovoltaic Project Model in order to evaluate the energy production, life-cycle costs and greenhouse gas emissions reduction and finally analyze the financial viability.In this study, based on new electricity tariffs, three scenarios have been developed, according tothe targeting of energy subsidies and we have also dedicated one of our scenarios to the reduction ofgreenhouse gasses. In the first case the electricity price was set to 450 Rial/kWh and no credit was assigned to the reduction of greenhouse gasses (GHG), therefore equity payback (Return positive cash flow) has been 12.1 year. In the second case the electricity price was set to 2100 Rial/kWh, therefore equity payback (Return positivecash flow) was 8 year. Finally in the last scenario by considering a credit to the reduction of greenhouse gasses and electricity price being 2100 Rial/kWh and applying solar panels with high efficiency and suitableatteries(DOD=60%), equity payback(Return positive cash flow) will be reached within6 years. In conclusion, we can say that by applyingnew technologies and establishing supportive policiesof the government payback time can be reducedremarkably Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
31 - Designing Green Branches of Banks of Iran with Renewable Power Plant
Mostafa Esmaeili Shayan Gholamhassan Najafi Ahmmad BanakarIn this research, based on meteorological data and also using the Sandia model standard in virtual meteorology, a photovoltaic power plant was designed and simulated in 5 company buildings in Tehran, Fars, Qom and Yazd provinces. Simulation and design data were validate MoreIn this research, based on meteorological data and also using the Sandia model standard in virtual meteorology, a photovoltaic power plant was designed and simulated in 5 company buildings in Tehran, Fars, Qom and Yazd provinces. Simulation and design data were validated with real power consumption data and green branch buildings were introduced. The results of technical design studies of grid-connected power plants (production-demand) showed: The Tehran branch office, independent of the national electricity grid, supplies electricity demand up to 151 percent. This branch was introduced as a green branch. Branch construction power plant: Central Yazd 26.37%, Amirkabir Tehran 38.80%, Sibouyeh Shiraz 41.90% and Amin Boulevard Qom 21.72% responded to the demand of electric power of branch buildings. Economic analysis showed the return on investment period in the power plant of Tehran Dastavareh branch to be minimum and equivalent to 5.16 years and Sibouyeh Shiraz to be maximum and equivalent to 8.51 years. The analysis of supplying the needs of the branch buildings through photovoltaic power plant proved: the use of large buildings in the green branches of banks is not optimal and it is better to use the parking space and yard, which do not need air conditioning system at the same time, to provide the case level. Use the power plant opinion. The highest radiation on the southern walls at the rate of 90 kWh per square meter was recorded in October and the lowest amount was recorded in June at the rate of 21 kWh per square meter. Buildings located in the latitude of Tehran in order to make the most of the area for energy production of photovoltaic power plants should be north and south wall should be used at the same time to provide the required level of photovoltaic power plant. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
32 - Management of large energy storage power plants: optimization of charging and discharging with cuckoo search algorithm
Behnam Motalebinejad Majid Hosseina Mojtaba Vahedi Mahmoud Samiei MoghaddamThey are directly integrated into smart distribution networks and can supply stored energy during peak demand periods, while absorbing and storing energy during periods of low demand. This capability helps maintain a balance between supply and demand in power grids, pre MoreThey are directly integrated into smart distribution networks and can supply stored energy during peak demand periods, while absorbing and storing energy during periods of low demand. This capability helps maintain a balance between supply and demand in power grids, preventing voltage fluctuations and the inability to meet peak loads during high-demand hours. Thanks to technological advancements, it is now possible to upgrade large-scale energy storage facilities. The modern architecture and technology of these facilities facilitate the efficient utilization of renewable energy sources, significantly reducing energy costs and increasing energy efficiency. Additionally, through the use of artificial intelligence algorithms and optimization techniques, the performance and operations of large-scale energy storage facilities can be enhanced. This article focuses on the management of large-scale energy storage facilities, introducing innovative measures that include constraints on the number of charge and discharge processes. Furthermore, the use of the advanced Fakete search algorithm is employed as a powerful and efficient method for solving the proposed model. This algorithm has the capability to find global optimal solutions and can significantly improve the efficiency and profitability of large-scale energy storage facilities. Simulation results demonstrate that adopting this approach in managing large-scale energy storage facilities leads to significant economic impacts. These impacts include reduced energy costs, increased efficiency, greater independence from fossil fuel resources, the preservation of grid stability, and improved performance of the power transmission system. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
33 - Optimizing Solar Radiation Prediction Based on The Internet of Things Platform in Photovoltaic Power Plant
Neda Ashrafi Khozani Maryam Mahmoudi Shabnam Nasr EsfahaniThe solar radiation value parameter is one of the most important parameters in determining the output power value of photovoltaic panels. Accurate prediction of this parameter is crucial for dispatching and load management planning. Managers and designers encounter econ MoreThe solar radiation value parameter is one of the most important parameters in determining the output power value of photovoltaic panels. Accurate prediction of this parameter is crucial for dispatching and load management planning. Managers and designers encounter economic and managerial challenges due to the uncertainty and difficulty in predicting solar radiation levels. This research introduces a highly accurate prediction method utilizing tree-based methods, enhanced by meta-heuristic algorithms to boost performance. The proposed method emphasizes preventing overfitting and ensuring high reliability for use in Internet of Things systems. Meta-heuristic algorithms are utilized for optimizing tree-based methods, as well as for feature and instance selection. Employing meta-heuristic methods as the main innovation in this research not only optimizes machine learning model settings but also mitigates the impact of noise, outliers, and ineffective inputs, thereby enhancing the final output quality. Utilizing an innovative fitness function in model optimization enhances prediction accuracy and adaptability to real photovoltaic power plant environments. The final outcome is a strong model that has a score of 0.95 with the R-square criterion and is optimal model. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
34 - Evaluation and Comparison of Different Artificial Neural Networks and Genetic Algorithm in Analyzing a 60 MW Combined Heat and Power Cycle
parisa ghorbani Arash KarimipourThe constant growth of energy consumption, increased fuel costs, non-renewable fossil fuel sources, and environmental pollution caused by increased emission of greenhouse gases, and global warming highlight the need for the analysis and optimization of main energy gener MoreThe constant growth of energy consumption, increased fuel costs, non-renewable fossil fuel sources, and environmental pollution caused by increased emission of greenhouse gases, and global warming highlight the need for the analysis and optimization of main energy generation bases, i.e. power plants. The Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is a useful novel method for better processing information and controlling, and optimizing and modeling industrial processes. For the first time in this study, an ANN was designed and applied to data extracted from modeling and analyzing a 60 MW combined heat and power generation power plant. To this end, the error backpropagation network was selected as the optimal network, and the generator load or capacity, condenser pressure, and Feedwater temperature were considered inputs to the ANN. The energy and exergy efficiencies of the power plant and the overall energy and exergy losses of the cycle were considered outputs of the ANN. The ANN was coded and designed with the help of MATLAB. The Genetic Algorithm (GA) was used to obtain the optimal values of input parameters and the minimum losses and maximum efficiencies based on the first and second laws of thermodynamics. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
35 - Site selection of solar power plant using Geospatial Information System and climatic data (Case study: Ilam province)
Hoda Ahmadi Jafar Morshedi Farideh AzimiThe aim of this study was to determine the appropriate location for the construction of solar power plants according to the criteria and factors of climate (temperature, radiation, precipitation, sundial, evaporated), topography (elevation, slope, aspect, distance to fa MoreThe aim of this study was to determine the appropriate location for the construction of solar power plants according to the criteria and factors of climate (temperature, radiation, precipitation, sundial, evaporated), topography (elevation, slope, aspect, distance to fault), environment (user land, rivers) and human environment (residential areas, roads) in Geographical information system (GIS) and hierarchical model in Ilam province. According to the importance and role of these factors, the statistics of parameters were analyzed in the software Excel and map of each criterion was prepared in GIS and the weight of each criterion was determined by Analytical hierarchical process (AHP). ArcGIS®9.3 software was utilized for the modeling and integration of data to produce the map of solar plant construction in four different classes (poor, moderate, good and very good). The results showed that the zones in very good class covered an area of 1510812500 m2;thus, the southern and western regions of Ilam province are the best places for the construction of solar power plants. Results also showed that GIS as a decision support system and AHP as a flexible model are appropriate for modeling spatial data and positioning the right place of solar power plants. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
36 - Site selection suitable areas for solar power plants under the influence of climatic factors using FAHP method (Case study: Fars province)
Mosrafa Gorji Sajad Khoshnod Hossein Omrani Morteza HashemiRenewable resources which are good alternatives to non-renewable fossil fuels have caused communities to take an interest in energy sources such as solar energy. The purpose of this study is site selection suitable areas for the construction of solar power plants in Far MoreRenewable resources which are good alternatives to non-renewable fossil fuels have caused communities to take an interest in energy sources such as solar energy. The purpose of this study is site selection suitable areas for the construction of solar power plants in Fars province based on meteorological and climatic parameters. In this research precipitation, temperature, relative humidity, sunshine hours, elevation, dust, aspect slope parameters was used. According to the importance and role of these factors, the statistics of parameters were analyzed and each criterion map was prepared in GIS software. All layers the IDRISI software was fuzzy. Finally, the location map of suitable areas was produced based on obtaining weights the method Fuzzy-AHP and results in four classes (excellent, good, medium and poor) were classified. The results of site selection solar power plants showed that the north and northeast parts of the province have more potential with an area more than 60% of the total area of the province while the southern parts of the province with an area totaling almost 0.026% of the whole area of the province have the least potential. The most area of the province in terms of potentiality for solar power plant is in an excellent category. In addition, climatic results indicated that the potential regions for constructing solar power plants are those with a dry and semi-arid climate where stations like Abadeh, Izadkhast, Bavanat, and Safashahr are located. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
37 - Wind farm site selection based on geospatial multi-criteria and analytical hierarchy process (AHP) (Case study: Bushehr province)
Tayebeh Tabatabaei Fazel AmiriThe aim of this paper is site selection for wind farm based on multi-criteria; climate (wind speed, dominant wind speed and temperature), geography (elevation, slope), socio-economic (distance from roads, distance from cities, distance from the villages), environmental MoreThe aim of this paper is site selection for wind farm based on multi-criteria; climate (wind speed, dominant wind speed and temperature), geography (elevation, slope), socio-economic (distance from roads, distance from cities, distance from the villages), environmental (distance from protected areas, landuse, distance from the river), and geological (distance from the earthquake, distance to faults) in a geographic information systems (GIS) using analytical hierarchy process (AHP) in the Bushehr province. According to the role and influence of these criteria, preferences site map is implemented in ArcGIS®10.1 software. Weight of criteria and alternative are determined using AHP in ExpertChoice2000 software. For modeling, spatial analysis and integration layers ArcGIS®10.1 setting was used and the zoning map was obtained at four different classes (very high, high, moderate and low). The results of the site suitability assessment by AHP showed that site NE located at Bushehr province was the most suitable area for locating the wind farm, with covers area of 566218 ha, 24.8% of the total area. Furthermore, the map provides the foundation for decision makers in develop the wind farm location. Finally, the results indicate that GIS as a decision support system, can also prepare the data and the model priorities and expert opinions in relation to various factors in selecting an appropriate location and design is very efficient will help to build power plants. The results indicate that the AHP than other methods of high flexibility in modeling the geospatial data on site selection of wind farm. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
38 - Suitable sites for wind power plants constructed in East Azerbaijan using fuzzy- analytical hierarchy process (FAHP) method
Mehdi Asadi Saeid Jahanbakhsh AslIn this study, to determine appropriate locations for the construction of wind power plants in the East Azerbaijan, several criteria, including wind speed, prevailing wind speed, pressure, temperature, elevation, slope, road, city, village, protected areas, land use, ri MoreIn this study, to determine appropriate locations for the construction of wind power plants in the East Azerbaijan, several criteria, including wind speed, prevailing wind speed, pressure, temperature, elevation, slope, road, city, village, protected areas, land use, river, fault and earthquakes were considered. All criteria were implemented by using an analytical hierarchy process (AHP) weight of layers in EC2000 software. For fuzzification the parameters were coded by 0, 1 into the IDRISI software and based on the expert opinions, the control points and fuzzy function of each layer was determined. Then the software Arc®GIS9.3 was used to overlay layers, and finally, the East Azerbaijan potential wind power plant was constructed in four levels: excellent (217294.36 ha), good (972887.64 ha), fair (1650932.35 ha) and poor (1709038.40 ha). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
39 - Peak Shaving of Industrial Customers through Combined Installation of Photovoltaic Power Plant and Energy Storage System
Moslem Farhangnia Fariborz Haghighatdar-FesharakiNowadays, increasing the cost of electrical energy, especially at the peak load duration, besides the environmental caused by fossil fuels, have made the peak shaving problem by clean and renewable energies, one of the important as well as essential subjects in electric MoreNowadays, increasing the cost of electrical energy, especially at the peak load duration, besides the environmental caused by fossil fuels, have made the peak shaving problem by clean and renewable energies, one of the important as well as essential subjects in electric power industry. Hence, in this paper, combination of the photovoltaic power plant and the battery storage system is used to solve the peak shaving problem. In doing so, a new formulation is proposed for determining the optimal capacity of the photovoltaic power plant as well as battery storage. In the considered constraints in the mentioned formulation, technical issues and economic problems are combined together in an appropriate manner. Moreover, solving the optimization problem is performed regarding the consumption load profile as well as the hourly cost of the electrical energy of under-consideration costumer, and also the expected value of the inflation and the electrical energy cost in the future years. After that, the obtained solution is evaluated in terms of the economic feasibility and its interaction with the upstream electric power distribution network. Another considerable point in this paper is the use of the real data in an actual network for simulations. The simulation results, confirm the convenient performance as well as good efficiency of the proposed method. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
40 - Thechnical-economic evaluation of a Kalina cycle single phase geothermal power plant
Sadegh Hatamipoor Navid Bozorgan Nadia Jalalifar -
Open Access Article
41 - Stability Comparison of the Left and right Bank Mass move of LowerSiahbisheh Dam Reservoir
ناصر Ebadati مرجان Madanipour S.H Mirzeinali yazdiIn this paper try to evaluate the factors effective in instability of the lower Siahbisheh dam wall in the dam leftand rghit bank in terms of the slope sliding potential and the solutions to stabilization of the dam wallconsidering the technical and economic considerati MoreIn this paper try to evaluate the factors effective in instability of the lower Siahbisheh dam wall in the dam leftand rghit bank in terms of the slope sliding potential and the solutions to stabilization of the dam wallconsidering the technical and economic considerations as well as the present limitations. With this aim in view,in the first step the field inspections were made and the important terrain features and tectonic elements wereidentified, and after collecting the existing set of subsurface information, in order to determining the depthexpansion of the sliding mass, the displacement of sliding mass was identified using data resulting from theexploratory soil borings (sondage) having been excavated during the dam project studies' procedures. Next, thegeomechanical parameters of the sliding mass were estimated with suitable accuracy for performing the stabilityanalysis and the final instability analyses of the study area were carried out along profiles. Ultimately, thestability analysis results in different conditions: reservoir rapid water drawdown loading, gravity load, theearthquake conditions and the presence of water pressure were evaluated. The results showed that in all sectionsduring loading of rapid drawdown of the reservoir water, the safety factors of the slope will be less than 1 whichis indicative of inevitable failure of the slope. Methods of soil excavation and embankment upstream anddownstream of the sliding mass and the sliding mass and consolidate choice was offered. Excavation andembankment operations performed in this way, at least according to the calculated maximum volume soil worksis left bank. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
42 - Power Plant Energy and Exergy Analysis
Ashkan Abdali Susan Mohammad Amin Mojavery AgahNowadays, there are some worries about the increasing temperature of earth and the pollution of fossil burning, hence using of new techniques in increasing power plant efficiency are very important. In this paper three structure layouts of turbine and power plant elemen MoreNowadays, there are some worries about the increasing temperature of earth and the pollution of fossil burning, hence using of new techniques in increasing power plant efficiency are very important. In this paper three structure layouts of turbine and power plant elements have been presented and The energy and the exergy losses for each component, energy and exergy efficiency of overall plant and irreversibility have also been determined using mass, energy and exergy balance equations. The energy and exergy analysis have been calculated in traditional and sub-system techniques namely boiler subsystem, steam cycle or thermal cycle subsystem and cooling tower subsystem. Results of exergy analysis in different steam power plants show that the major source of exergy destruction is the boiler. Suitable power plant design and its energy and exergy efficiency will be presented to client, till to support project and have capital investment on it. In this paper, in addition to suggested proportional power plant designs, the technical suggestions have been also presented to increase the power plant efficiencies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
43 - Energy, Exergy and Exergy economy Analysis of three Scenario of Thermal Plant
Mohammadamin Mojavery Agah khalil Mojaveryagah Ashkan Abdali SusanSteam power plants are an advanced and complex design of the Rankin steam-liquid cycle. Therefore, understanding the concepts of effective parameters in increasing energy and exergy efficiency and also exergoeconomic are very important. The purpose of this study is to i MoreSteam power plants are an advanced and complex design of the Rankin steam-liquid cycle. Therefore, understanding the concepts of effective parameters in increasing energy and exergy efficiency and also exergoeconomic are very important. The purpose of this study is to investigate the three basic scenarios of steam power plants, till the required changes in design and its effects on power plant efficiency to be determined. The third scenario has a preheater, a deaerator and two turbine extraction. The second scenario has a turbine extraction and preheater. In third scenario, energy and exergy efficiency are 20.74% and 26.91%, respectively. it’s increases of energy and exergy efficiency relative to second scenario are equal to 19.13% and 9.48%, respectively. Exergoeconomic analysis has shown that boiler and turbine have the highest total cost of investment, maintenance and exergy destruction, hence special attention should be paid to this equipment. The high relative cost factor of the boiler (r) indicates that the boiler efficiency can provide an overall improvement in the cost of this equipment. This can be done by reducing the exergy destruction by preheating and reducing losses and use of excess air. The Exergoeconomic coefficient of fk turbine is high. This means that to reduce the cost of the turbine, the possibility of reducing parameters such as inlet steam temperature, turbine pressure and it’s efficiency should be given more attention. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
44 - Optimal Solar Power Station Site Selection Using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) in Iran
Pedram Ahadi Farbod Fakhrabadi Alireza Pourshaghaghi Farshad KowsariA vast country with a mean solar irradiance of 4.5 kilowatts per square meter, Iran enjoys very high potentials for establishment and utilization of solar systems and, in particular, production of electrical energy from solar power stations. The present study was conduc MoreA vast country with a mean solar irradiance of 4.5 kilowatts per square meter, Iran enjoys very high potentials for establishment and utilization of solar systems and, in particular, production of electrical energy from solar power stations. The present study was conducted for Optimal Solar Power Station Site Selection Using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) in Iran, and the Expert Choice software. AHP is one of the most widespread multi-criteria decision-making tools. The research considered criteria and sub-criteria such as the amount of radiation, number of sunny days, mean temperature, air humidity, precipitation, amount of dust and pollution, and cloudiness factor. For obtaining the optimal location using the AHP method, implemented in Expert Choice, pairwise comparison is made between the sets for weighting after the hierarchical levels, including the goal, criteria, sub-criteria, and alternatives (intended locations), are specified. As the sets are weighted, the compatibility of judgments is analyzed, which must be less than 0.1. The capitals of the provinces of Iran were considered in the research. From among the thirty-one locations in the examined region, the city of Zahedan was selected as the best location for establishment of solar power stations, and the other alternatives were assigned the next priorities given their weights. Moreover, sensitivity analysis was made on the major criteria, and the impact of parameter weight on the alternatives was assessed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
45 - Optimum Technical Design of a Grid-Connected Photovoltaic System Solar Power Plant in Iran (Case study: Qazvin city)
Pedram Ahadi Farbod Fakhrabadi Alireza Pourshaghaghi Farshad KowsariThe purpose of this research is to determine the amount of equipment used in the design of the photovoltaic solar power plant with a capacity of 200 kW. In this research conducted by PVsyst software, 500 w MonoTrina solar panel with 400 pieces, 25kw Growatt MID KTL3-X i MoreThe purpose of this research is to determine the amount of equipment used in the design of the photovoltaic solar power plant with a capacity of 200 kW. In this research conducted by PVsyst software, 500 w MonoTrina solar panel with 400 pieces, 25kw Growatt MID KTL3-X inverter with 8 pieces, which are arranged in 40 rows and 10 panels in each row. The optimal panel installation angle was 35 Degree °and the optimal azimuth angle was 0 Degree (case study: Qazvin city). According to the considered space and the designs made, including the percentage of permissible losses in cable calculations, the length and cross-sectional area of the DC side cable made of copper and aluminum are 800 meters, 16 and 25 mm square respectively, the length and cross-sectional area . AC side cable made of copper and aluminum is determined to be 100 meters, 16 and 25 mm square, respectively. The amount of total annual production energy of the desired point was determined by considering the losses, which was about 337.1 megawatt hours per year. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
46 - Assessment of Wind Energy Potential in Green-Mountain, Libya
Saad Alfalahi Walaa Mahdi Sabah Alwatar Mohammed Abdulhadi Aiman Nouh -
Open Access Article
47 - Identifying and Prioritizing the Components of Research and Development Productivity Enhancement in Power and Energy Industries
Maryam Asghari Abbas Khamseh nazanin pilevariNowadays, Research and Development (R&D) units are the core of research activities in the industry sector and designing processes leading to new products and services is acknowledged as the major source of competitive advantage. The ultimate goal in R&D units is MoreNowadays, Research and Development (R&D) units are the core of research activities in the industry sector and designing processes leading to new products and services is acknowledged as the major source of competitive advantage. The ultimate goal in R&D units is to facilitate the production of new products through increasing knowledge, creating processes and enhancing R&D capabilities. Hence, the purpose of this study was to identify and prioritize the components of R&D productivity enhancementin the power plants and energy supply in line with optimal policy making. The collected research data were analyzed via confirmatory factor analysis and the components of R&D capabilities were prioritized via Structural Equations using SMART PLS3 software. The analytic network process was also used to prioritize the components of upgrading R&D capabilities. The content validity of the final research model comprising 8 factors and 50 indices was confirmed. After processing the model, 5 indices were removed and the final model with 45 indices was confirmed. The results showed that paying attention to all 8 components and their indicators is important and influential in the R&D capabilities of these industries. The findings indicated that of all components, the human resource capability, financing capabilities, and technological infrastructure supply were respectively of prime importance in upgrading R&D capabilities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
48 - Wind power plants site selection using Boolean model and ArcGIS (Case study: Mazandaran Province)
Reyhaneh Bairamvand Sadroddin Motevalli GholamReza Janbaz Ghobadi Khabat DerafshiRecently, Mazandaran Province has needed more energy. Considering the capabilities of this province in generating renewable energy, recognizing the potentials of clean energy generation and consumption, especially wind energy, should be a priority in the plans of manage MoreRecently, Mazandaran Province has needed more energy. Considering the capabilities of this province in generating renewable energy, recognizing the potentials of clean energy generation and consumption, especially wind energy, should be a priority in the plans of managers and researchers. A descriptive, analytical and field approach is used in this study. The spatial capability of wind power plants in Mazandaran Province was evaluated using spatial and quantitative data. In order to initially estimate the energy that can be obtained from wind flow in the province, the necessary calculations were performed on wind direction and velocity information over a period of 12 years. Then, based on the group of experts, documentary and library studies, scientific resources in this field and available data, four climatic, economic, environmental-social and topographical factors, have been selected as the most important indicators to determine suitable areas for the establishment of wind power plants in Mazandaran Province. These four criteria include 18 sub-criteria and after weighting and overlapping, the final zoning map was prepared using the Boolean model. According to the final map, the central strip of the province within the boundaries of Noor, Amol and Babol counties, the northern parts of Noor and Sari counties, the south of Savadkooh and Qaemshahr counties, as well as the central and southern parts of Behshahr county, are more suitable areas than other parts of Mazandaran Province for establishing wind power plants. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
49 - The development of sustainable energy with the optimal site selection for solar power plants ( Case Study: Mazandaran province)
Reza LahmianThe use of sustainable energy, especially solar energy can be the best option for energy supply. The first step is to develop the use of solar energy and then locate potential survey areas where other plants have the situation is. Mazandaran province has the potential t MoreThe use of sustainable energy, especially solar energy can be the best option for energy supply. The first step is to develop the use of solar energy and then locate potential survey areas where other plants have the situation is. Mazandaran province has the potential to exploit solar energy. In this study, the criteria of sunshine, slope, distance from populated areas, away from roads, away from power lines, land use and limitations layer criteria is intended to locate the plant. In this study, the criteria of sunshine, slope, distance from populated areas, away from roads, away from power lines, land use and limitations layer criteria is intended to locate the plant. In general, finding the right place or places great importance in every field so that the whole range of research has focused on, The most important GIS is largely achievable. Methods This cross-sectional study to examine the issue of the Geographic Information System (GIS) and analytical network process (ANP) has been used. ANP is a multi-criteria decision-making techniques in a series of compensatory models will be, and All interactions and relationships between levels of decision-making at the network structure can be used in, But since less network analysis to determine the final priority options are used to more sophisticated methods such as TOPSIS technique was used. After taking the required layers and reclassification, possible locations in the study area was determined. In order to evaluate the result of three main factors topsis population, proximity to transmission lines and close to the examined. The evaluation indicated that TOPSIS high compliance with the above three criteria are ideal options. Finally, it was found that about 4771/960 square kilometers of area of the province, there is the possibility to construct solar power plants.. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
50 - Locating Sustainable Energy Power Plant through TOPSIS Decision Making Procedure
Ahmad nouhehgar Mohammad kamangar Peyman Karami Behrooz AhmadiDoostEnvironmental pollution and the price volatility of fossil energy sources that are used in power plants made us turn to alternative energy source. The use of sustainable energy, especially solar energy, can be the best option for power supply in power generation plants. MoreEnvironmental pollution and the price volatility of fossil energy sources that are used in power plants made us turn to alternative energy source. The use of sustainable energy, especially solar energy, can be the best option for power supply in power generation plants. Suitable site for the construction of power plants due to the location impact on the amount and cost of energy production and transport is essential. Hormozgan Province's population and industrial growth has started moving astonishingly. This province has a great potential to exploit the plants converting solar energy into electrical energy. The criteria used in previous research to locate the radiation was distance from road and slope of the ground; while, in this study the sundial measures, the slope away from populated areas, distance from roads, distance from transmission lines, land use and limitations layer criteria for locating the plant are considered. The decision rule via TOPSIS is used. Based on this method 18584443816 square kilometer of land area of province was recognized very suitable class to build a solar power plant. The results of this method were evaluated using ground control. This implied fulfilling all the selection criteria at a quite appropriate and satisfactory levels and ended up with areas of most appropriate for establishing and developing power plant projects. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
51 - Two-stage Operational Planning of a Virtual Power Plant in the Presence of a Demand Response Program
Amirali Shahkoomahalli Amangaldi Koochaki Heidarali Shayanfar -
Open Access Article
52 - Damping Controller Design in Offshore Wind Power Plants to Improve Power System Stability Using Fractional Order PID Controllers Based on Optimized Exchange Market Algorithm
Naser Taheri Hamed Orojlo Faramarz EbrahimiIn this paper, the design of damping supplementary controller in VSC HVDC transmission systems, which is the interface of Offshore Wind Power Plant (OWPP) with the main power system, is studied. First, it is shown that the speed-power curve in a wind turbine affects the MoreIn this paper, the design of damping supplementary controller in VSC HVDC transmission systems, which is the interface of Offshore Wind Power Plant (OWPP) with the main power system, is studied. First, it is shown that the speed-power curve in a wind turbine affects the damping of oscillation and electromechanical modes of the power system, and depending on the operating conditions of the turbine, the extent of this effect varies. Then, to improve the dynamic stability of the power system, the use of an optimized supplementary controller in the VSC HVDC system will be proposed. The proposed controller is added as an additional loop to the converter control circuits in VSC HVDC and will amplify the damping torque in the generators by correcting the damping coefficient of the system oscillation modes. In addition, a solution is provided to use the supplementary controller in the most optimal path, so that the most controllability on the oscillation modes and the least interference with other channels between the input-output signals are provided. To design the proposed controller, a fractional order PID controller will be used whose coefficients are adjusted through an optimized exchange market algorithm. The optimization of the algorithm is done by using mutation and crossover operators in the genetic algorithm with the aim of avoiding bats being trapped at local extremum. The simulation results show that the method proposed in this paper not only improves the dynamic stability of the power system but also strengthens the voltage profile. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
53 - Load Frequency Control in a Hybrid Power System Considering Renewable Energy Sources and Electric Vehicles Using Fractional Order PID Controller Based on Wavelet Neural Network
Abbas-Ali Zamani Seyed Mohammad Kargar Dehnavi Alireza ReisiRestructuring of power systems and integration of different renewable energy sources with complex dynamic behaviors and high structural uncertainties has made the issue of load frequency control more important. For a hybrid power system that includes a thermal power pla MoreRestructuring of power systems and integration of different renewable energy sources with complex dynamic behaviors and high structural uncertainties has made the issue of load frequency control more important. For a hybrid power system that includes a thermal power plant taking into account nonlinear limitations such as the governor dead band and generator rate constraints and renewable energy sources including a wind turbine, solar-thermal power plant, electrolyzer, fuel cell, and plug-in electric vehicle, this paper proposes an adaptive wavelet neural network fractional order PID controller (AWNNFOPID) based on self-recursive wavelet neural networks and fractional order PID controller. To compare the performance of the proposed AWNNFOPID controller, four different scenarios are considered and the simulation results are compared with traditional I, PI, and PID controllers as well as with the optimized FOPID controller. The simulation results show that the proposed AWNNFOPID controller has better performances than the other control strategies used for the studied hybrid power system based on performance indicators such as settling time, rise time, maximum overshoot, maximum undershoot, integral time absolute error (ITAE), and integral absolute error (IAE). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
54 - Development and Implementation of Principal Component Analysis Method for Monitoring of Gas Turbine
Samira Piri Niaragh Elham GhanbariGas turbines are complex and expensive machines that the cost of repairing unexpected failures is very high. There are many sensors installed in each gas turbine that record and collect large amounts of data. With the data mining of such big data, failure prediction is MoreGas turbines are complex and expensive machines that the cost of repairing unexpected failures is very high. There are many sensors installed in each gas turbine that record and collect large amounts of data. With the data mining of such big data, failure prediction is possible before the occurrence. The data set for the present study is the recorded quantities of sensors mounted on a 9-frame gas turbine in one of the country's power plants. The one column of data matrix rows was first labeled to identify healthy and defective row in each data sample. Then, by using the Principal Component Analysis method, the dimensions of the data matrix were reduced from seven to four dimensions and the main features were extracted. Following this, a model was developed by applying Artificial Neural Network method that was able to identify fault rows in the data matrix and identify the class of the data samples as healthy or defective. Accuracy, precision, and convergence of the model for two-to-six-dimensional model reductions were studied after machine learning was performed on 80% of the data. After matrix dimensionality reduction, and feature extraction by using "Principal Component Analysis" method, our well-designed model was also able to identify and classify the fault by using "Artificial Neural Network" method. In this thesis, it was found that our mode l by combining "Principal Component Analysis" method with "Artificial Neural Network" was able to show more than 90% precision with good accuracy and maximum degree of data matrix convergence. Moreover, it was able to specify the gas turbine fault class. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
55 - Selection of energy source and evolutionary stable strategies for power plants under financial intervention of government
Ashkan Hafezalkotob Reza Mahmoudi -
Open Access Article
56 - Cost analysis of a coal-fired power plant using the NPV method
Ravinder Kumar Avdhesh Kr. Sharma P. C. Tewari -
Open Access Article
57 - Application of Multi criteria decision making methods in studies of environmental hazards in Shadegan Wetland
S. A. Jozi Saffarian Sh.There are wetlands and water zoning with unique features such as Shadegan wetland which is considered a national treasure, but unfortunately this ecosystem , includs many of today risks resulting from human activities considering the important of Shadegan Wetland the pr MoreThere are wetlands and water zoning with unique features such as Shadegan wetland which is considered a national treasure, but unfortunately this ecosystem , includs many of today risks resulting from human activities considering the important of Shadegan Wetland the present study aimed to determine major environmental risks (the most important environmental important acceptor Abadan gas turbine power plant) and their impact on wetlands Shadegan. As a case study, a questionnaire was prepared in Delphi method and handed to some of the elite and power industry and environmental experts.In this study, to analysis environmental risks Abadan gas power plant on the Shadegan wetland methods of multiple criteria decision making and TOPSIS eigenvector were used. For this purpose, after prioritizing risks of each environment separately using TOPSIS, a one-way ANOVA was used and priority of environmental risk acceptor Abadan gas power plant in the wetland was determined. Results of calculated risk Abadan gas power plant showed that in biological had a physical, chemical and cultural environments the effects on air quality had 0.918 weight, the effect on plant and animal population had a weight of 0.866 and view and landscapes had a weight of 0.796 are The most important risks affecting power plant activity on wetland. More solutions to control and reduce the risks identified for sensitive wetland ecosystem and wildlife shelterd Shadegan. Some of these solutions are: variability of activities within the enclosed invironment, the creation and development of green space using consistent species with the environment Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
58 - Turkey Nuclear Activities: From Possibility To Refrain Towards Military Dimensions
saleh Rerzaei Pishrobat Fardin GhoreisiTurkey's nuclear activities in recent decades, including the 2010 agreement with Russia and the 2013 agreement with Japan to build and operate a 9,600-megawatt nuclear power plant, has changed discussion of the peaceful nature or focus of these activities on achieving n MoreTurkey's nuclear activities in recent decades, including the 2010 agreement with Russia and the 2013 agreement with Japan to build and operate a 9,600-megawatt nuclear power plant, has changed discussion of the peaceful nature or focus of these activities on achieving nuclear weapons capability into one of the important security issues in the field of international relations. Whether to what The extent Turkey can achieve the capability of producing nuclear weapons is a question that the present article, based on historical research techniques and invoke on valid resources, has evaluated its answer. The findings of the study indicate that due to conflicting views within Turkey, the country's limited technological capacity in the field of nuclear technology, lack of cooperation of international partners, opposition of major world powers and finally obstacles of the existing legal and international regime. Turkey does not seem likely to be able to produce nuclear weapons in the foreseeable future Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
59 - Distributed Energy Technologies Planning and Sizing in a Sample Virtual Power Plant Using Speedy Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm
Mohammad Hosein Salehi Mohammadreza Moradian Majid Moazzami Ghazanfar ShahgholianIn modern power networks, once the restructuring of production units is done, traditional power plants will operate as virtual power plants (VPPs), which are actually a collection of distributed generation (DG) units and energy storage systems (ESSs) that form an integr MoreIn modern power networks, once the restructuring of production units is done, traditional power plants will operate as virtual power plants (VPPs), which are actually a collection of distributed generation (DG) units and energy storage systems (ESSs) that form an integrated power plant. Commercial VPPs can replace the current traditional power plants in the near future, because they have many advantages such as organizing distributed energy resources (DER) and hydrogen and electricity storage systems. Considering that energy management and planning of DER resources in VPP have challenging issues, therefore, thoughts such as changes in instantaneous power generation, consumption, energy price and availability of system components should be taken into consideration, so that simulations and future research with problems will not accompanied. Since microgrids have the ability to monitor and control real-time power in power grids, determining the number of DER resources in VPPs is deliberated essential in order to reduce planning costs. For this purpose, in this paper, the optimal sizing of DERs is done using speed particle swarm optimization (SPSO) algorithm. In proposed optimization algorithm, the coefficients c1 and c2 are not constant and is changing according to the number of iterations, which makes the search in the problem solving space more efficient and its convergence is improved by 26% compared to the traditional PSO algorithm. Consequently, the number and sizing of solar photovoltaic (PV), wind turbine (WT), fuel cell (FC), electrolyzer, hydrogen storage and battery resources in a 20-year time horizon will be achieved with the lowest cost. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
60 - Comparison Analysis of Model Reference Adaptive Control, Sliding Mode and PID Controller on Drum-Boiler Level
Mohammad Maghsoudi Roohollah Barzamini Mehdi Siahi Payam Rabbanifar -
Open Access Article
61 - Adequacy studies of different renewable resources using Monte Carlo simulation method
Amir Ghaedi Reza Sedaghati Mehrdad MahmoudianProduced power of wind, solar, run of the river, ocean thermal, tidal and wave power plants is respectively, dependent on wind velocity, sun radiation, river flow, temperature of ocean upstream, period & height of waves, tidal level or tidal stream velocity. Due to wide MoreProduced power of wind, solar, run of the river, ocean thermal, tidal and wave power plants is respectively, dependent on wind velocity, sun radiation, river flow, temperature of ocean upstream, period & height of waves, tidal level or tidal stream velocity. Due to wide change in these quantities, produced power of these renewable resources changes a lot over time. As the penetration level of renewable resources in electric network is increased, reliability and other aspects of electric network may be affected that should be studied. Analytical method is not suitable to study uncertainties of output power of renewable resources in reliability analysis of electric network with these renewable power plants. Thus, the current research suggests Monte Carlo simulation method to study effect of renewable power plants on reliability indices. Renewable power plants studied in the research are wind turbines, solar farms, wave energy converters, run of the river power plants, both types of tidal units, and ocean thermal energy conversion systems. Numerical studies are performed on test electric networks, to study these renewable resources impact on reliability indices of electric networks with renewable power plants. It is concluded from numerical outcomes that these renewable power plants improve reliability performance of electric network. However, due to the variation of renewable resources, the impact of renewable power plants on reliability performance of the electric network is less than the conventional units with the same capacity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
62 - R&D Strategy Model in Power Plant Equipment's Manufacturing Industries in Order to Achieve Business Objectives
ali namani seyghalan Abbas Khamseh taghi torabiPower plant equipment's manufacturing industries need to move beyond the boundaries of knowledge and technology, due to the use of advanced technologies in the production processes. What facilitates this movement is research and development in these companies. The prese MorePower plant equipment's manufacturing industries need to move beyond the boundaries of knowledge and technology, due to the use of advanced technologies in the production processes. What facilitates this movement is research and development in these companies. The present study seeks to develop a dynamic model of research and development strategy to achieve business objectives using the dynamic system modeling method as a powerful tool to analyze the factors affecting the system and analyze the relationships between them and predict future system behavior based on pre-defined scenarios. The causal loops have been extracted and modeled with the viewpoint of experts in the power industry, and Vensim software has been used for modeling. In this study, three scenarios are considered to increase the achievement of R&D strategy objectives. In the baseline scenario, it is assumed that the values of the decision parameters and levers are consistent with the past trend. In optimistic scenario, R&D budget and external collaborations will improve and the organization is more successful in attracting external funding and support for R&D projects, Also, in this scenario, the quality of project management is improved by reducing project execution time and project failure rate. In the pessimistic scenario, the above variables change in the opposite direction. The simulation results show that the 20% change in most of the variables will affect more than 20%, indicating the effectiveness of the change. Manuscript profile
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