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Open Access Article
1 - Effect of exogenous abscisic acid and cytokinin on wheat (Triticum aestivum)
سیف الله کیا چهارباغيCK and ABA not only regulate the process of senescence, but also have major roles in the formation of sink and source strength capacity. This study carried out to determine effect of exogenous application of ck and ABA(100Mm ) at the 9 levels : 1 - Control, 2 - CK at th MoreCK and ABA not only regulate the process of senescence, but also have major roles in the formation of sink and source strength capacity. This study carried out to determine effect of exogenous application of ck and ABA(100Mm ) at the 9 levels : 1 - Control, 2 - CK at the time of appearance, 3 - CK 14 days after its spike emergence 4 - ABA at the time of appearance 5 - ABA 14 days after its spike emergence, 6 - CK at the time of appearance and ABA 14 days after its spike emergence, 7 - ABA at the time of appearance and CK 14 days after its spike emergence, 8 - ABA at the time of 1 and 14 days after its spike emergence, 9 - CK at the time of 1 and 14 days after its spike emergence , on some aspects in different steps of wheat growth in using a Randomized complete Block design(RCBD) with three replications in experimental field of Islamic Azad university of Karaj branch in growing season 1387- 88. Results showed that when these plant growth regulators applied at different stages of spike appearance and 14 days after its spike emergence , grain yield, harvest index (HI), 1000 grain weight, were meaning fully influenced by the exogenous application of the two regulators. The highest grain yield (738.09 gr/m2) one related to exogenous application of CK at the time of spike emergence . The highest hardest index and number grain spike is related to the exogenous application of CK at both time ( 1 and 2 ). the highest 1000 grain weight is related to the exogenous application of CK at the time of appearance and ABA 14 days after its spike emergence respectively. The results of the study showed that exogenous application of CK at cell division and ABA at grain filling on stage in grain growth phase may significantly improve grain yield. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Comparison of subcultures on the success of plant micropropagation of pineapple (Ananas comosus L. Merr)
Sobhan Gaeeni Farah Farahani فاطمه جمالوComparison of subcultures on the success of plant micropropagation of pineapple (Ananas comosus L. Merr)Review :Recent scientific advances in biotechnology lead to new methods of micropropagation of pineapple plant pineapple, mass propagation and reduce production costs MoreComparison of subcultures on the success of plant micropropagation of pineapple (Ananas comosus L. Merr)Review :Recent scientific advances in biotechnology lead to new methods of micropropagation of pineapple plant pineapple, mass propagation and reduce production costs is provided. Genetic changes associated with micropropagation of pineapple plants to create new varieties from the economic point of view, resistance to major pests and diseases are the most important goals pineapple application of biotechnology. In this study different stages of plant micropropagation of pineapple under the influence of concentration were compared. In order to micropropagation, meristem of the plant Pineapple isolated in sterile conditions and then it Murashige and Skoog medium (MS) with various concentrations of 6-benzyl Mynvpvryn ((1-2-3-4-5 Mgl NAA acid ((6 Mgl were cultured. by increasing the amount of hormones 6-Ynzyl Mynvpvryn average stem length (2 inches) and the proliferation rate (3 per explants). the growth rate rose. Keywords: pineapple seedlings - micropropagation - growth regulators Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Effect of insect growth regulators on digestive system of Colorado potato beetle larvae, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) (Col., Chrysomelidae)
H. FarazmandColorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) (Col., Chrysomelidae) is one of the most important pests of potato in potato-producing countries. Considering the evolution of insecticide resistance in this insect, the effects of three insect growth regulators (I MoreColorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) (Col., Chrysomelidae) is one of the most important pests of potato in potato-producing countries. Considering the evolution of insecticide resistance in this insect, the effects of three insect growth regulators (IGRs), including Diflobenzeron, Precocene I and Precocene II, on the alimentary canal of L. decemlineata larvae were examined. For this purpose, the effect of the mentioned IGRs on the larvae of L. decemlineata was tested using oral and topical methods. The results showed abnormalities in cuticular structure of foregut and hindgut of Diflobenzeron-treated larvae, such as formation of gaps between endocuticular layers. Most of the abnormalities happened in epithelium cells of midgut, which caused malfunction and degeneration of such cells. Precocene-treated larvae showed abnormalities in midgut, such as epithelial deformations, formation of gaps between epithelium and basement membrane, and degeneration of microvilli. In addition, Precocenes caused abnormalities in cuticular structure of foregut and hindgut. Finally, IGR-treated larvae appeared smaller and slower in growth compared to control larvae. This is most probably due to the abnormalities of epithelial cells of alimentary canal and the resulted disabilities in digestive and absorptive functions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - The Effect of pyriproxyfen, hexaflumuron and flufenoxuron on the cabbage aphid, Brevicoryne brassicae L. (Hem., Aphididae), in canola field
S. Bahmani A. A. Keyhanian H. FarazmandThe cabbage aphid, Brevicoryne brassicae L.(Hem., Aphididae), is an important pest of canola in Iran and causing serious direct and indirect damage to canola fields. In this research, effect of some IGRs such as: Pyriproxyfen, Hexaflumuron, flufenoxuron (at 500, 750,100 MoreThe cabbage aphid, Brevicoryne brassicae L.(Hem., Aphididae), is an important pest of canola in Iran and causing serious direct and indirect damage to canola fields. In this research, effect of some IGRs such as: Pyriproxyfen, Hexaflumuron, flufenoxuron (at 500, 750,1000 ppm concentration) and imidacloprid (1000 ppm concentration) on cabbage aphid was evaluated in growing season of 2008-2009 in Pasargard region of Fars province. Samplings were conducted before spraying and three times after the spray at 3, 7 and 14 days interval. Statistical analysis of results including aphid mortalities as well as yield assessment showed that treatment of imidacloprid, inducing 87% mortality along with 1990 kg/ha yield, differed from the others, significantly. Among the insect growth regulators, hexaflumuron with 85% mortality, was the most percent of mortality and increased yield of crop. Based on overall results, hexaflumuron insecticide at 1000 ppm concentration could be one of the recommended pesticide for controlling cabbage aphid. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Multivariate Statistical Analysis to Yield of Canola under Drought Stress and Spraying of Gibberellin and Salicylic Acid
Abbas Maleki Amin Fathi -
Open Access Article
6 - Assess Using Paclobutrazol in Reducing Negative Effects of Late Sowing of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Cultivars
Neda Bakhtiyarinejad Mehran Mombeini Abdollah Bahrani Mahroo Mojtabaie Zamani -
Open Access Article
7 - Investigating Effect of Gibberellin Acid on Dormancy Breaking and Germination Speed and Yield of Potato Cultivars
Babak Maghsoudi Damavandi Sara Shirzad -
Open Access Article
8 - Assess Effect of Abscisic/Salicylic Acid Mixing Ratio Application at Different Growth Stages on Quantitative and Qualitative Traits of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) under Ahvaz Climatic Conditions
Sara Najarnasab Tayeb Sakinejad -
Open Access Article
9 - Effect of Foliar Application of Auxin on the Growth Indices and Crop Production of Wheat Cultivars in Southwest of Iran (Ahvaz region)
Mohsen Salehinazar Tayeb Sakinejad -
Open Access Article
10 - Response of Morphological Traits of Broad Bean (Vicia faba L.) to Use Different Amount and Time of Apply Gibberellin Acid
Somayeh Ghalandari Tayeb Sakinezhad -
Open Access Article
11 - Effects of Seed Priming of Salicylic Acid and Foliar Application of Brassinostroid on Yield and some Physiological Traits of Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) under Water Deficit Condition
Tahereh Mojaradi Mohammad Reza Yavarzadeh Fatemeh ShirzadyApplication of plant growth regulators is one way to reduce the adverse effects of drought stress. To study the effect of different levels of deficit irrigation, salicylic acid priming and foliar application of brassinostroid on yield and physiological traits of fennel MoreApplication of plant growth regulators is one way to reduce the adverse effects of drought stress. To study the effect of different levels of deficit irrigation, salicylic acid priming and foliar application of brassinostroid on yield and physiological traits of fennel a split-factorial experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design with three replications in 2017 growing season in the Research Station of Bam Islamic Azad University, Kerman, Iran. Main factor included of three levels of irrigation (equivalent of 50 mm (Normal), 75 mm and 100 mm of accumulated evapotranspiration of class A pan evaporation. Sub-plots included: different levels of salicylic acid priming (1600 µmolar), no application of salicylic acid and 3 levels of brassinostroid including 0 (control), 10-8 and 10–7 molar. The studied traits included relative water content, chlorophyll a, b and total, carotenoid content, anthocyanin, soluble sugars, essential oil percentage and seed yield. Results showed that deficit irrigation decreased relative water content, chlorophyll content, carotenoid and seed yield and increased anthocyanin, soluble sugars and essential oil percent. Priming with salicylic acid and brassinosteroid application showed positive effects on most of the studied traits. The highest total chlorophyll content (1.54) and grain yield (1281 kg.ha-1) were observed in non-stress condition with salicylic acid priming. 10–7 and 10 –8 M brassinosteroids increased relative water content by 5.4% and 3.2%, respectively. Priming with salicylic acid at concentrations of 0, 10-8 and 10–7 M brassinosteroid increased the percentage of essential oil by 8, 24.4 and 13.6%, respectively. Also in drought stress levels 50, 75 and 100 mm, 4.5, 6.7 and 14% increase in soluble sugars were observed, respectively, by salicylic acid priming. According to the results of this study, it seems that salicylic acid priming and brassinostroid reduce some negative effects of drought stress. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - Changes in Seed Oil Yield and its Components of Black Mustard (Brassica nigra L.) as Affected by Rhizobacteria and Growth Regulators under Cadmium Stress Conditions
Ali Barghi Abdolghayoum Gholipoori Akbar Ghavidel Mohammad SedghiCadmium is one of the soil primary pollutants which is categorized as heavy metals and brassicaceae family are able to accumulate high amounts of heavy metals such as cadmium by producing high amounts of dry matter. In order to evaluate fatty acids variation, seed oil p MoreCadmium is one of the soil primary pollutants which is categorized as heavy metals and brassicaceae family are able to accumulate high amounts of heavy metals such as cadmium by producing high amounts of dry matter. In order to evaluate fatty acids variation, seed oil percentage, yield and yield components of black mustard as affected by growth promoting rhizobacteria and growth regulators under cadmium stress condition, a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design was conducted at the Research Green House of Mohaghegh Ardabili University with four replications. Experimental treatments were two cadmium levels (0 and 100 milligrams per kilograms of soil), three rhizobacteria levels (control, Azospirillum and Pseudomonas) and three growth regulator levels (control, salicylic acid and brassinosteroid). Mean comparisons indicated that cadmium treatment decreased pods number per plant, grain number per pod, root dry weight, seed oil percentage, oleic, linoleic, eicosenoic and erucic acid percentages, significantly. Growth promoting rhizobacteria increased all of above mentioned parameters significantly, where as, it decreased palmitic acid content. Plant growth regulating sprays resulted in a significant increment in plant yield, shoot and root dry weight, seed oil percentage and all kinds of unsaturated fatty acids while it reduced stearic acid content and saturated fatty acids. The interaction of cadmium×rhizobacteria indicated that both cadmium levels used, along with rhizobacteria treatment, increased plant yield, thousand seed weight, shoot dry weight, linolenic acid and unsaturated fatty acids, where as decreased stearic and saturated fatty acids, significantly. In general, the effects of cadmium on these traits were different. Interaction of cadmium×growth regulators, spray application of growth regulators, under both cadmium levels, reduced palmitic acid and induced unsaturated fatty acids significantly and cadmium application had an inverse result. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - The Effect of Combined Application of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria and Different Levels of Vermicompost on Quantitative and Qualitative Performance of Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)
reza monem Alireza Pazoki Ali Abdzad GohariIntegrated plant nutrition management is a good method to increase the ‎productivity of crops and improve the environment. To evaluate the ‎effects of using ‎growth promoting bacteria and different levels of vermicompost on quantitative ‎and qualitative MoreIntegrated plant nutrition management is a good method to increase the ‎productivity of crops and improve the environment. To evaluate the ‎effects of using ‎growth promoting bacteria and different levels of vermicompost on quantitative ‎and qualitative yield of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.), a field experiment was ‎conducted in 2014-2015. The treatments consisted of inoculation and non-‎inoculation of canola seeds with growth promoting bacteria and application of ‎different levels of vermicompost (0, 4, 8 and 12 t.ha-1). The results showed that ‎simple effects and interaction of vermicompost and growth ‎promoting bacteria ‎on quantitative and qualitative traits of canola were significant. That is to say ‎with ‎increasing the application of vermicompost from 4 to 12 tons per hectare, a ‎‎significant increase was observed in the traits under study as compared to the control.‎ ‎Inoculation of seeds with growth promoting bacteria also increased the ‎‎amount of measured traits as compared to the control. The application of 12 tons of ‎‎vermicompost per hectare, along with growth promoting bacteria, resulted in an ‎increase in ‎the number of pods per plant, 1000-seed weight, biological yield, ‎grain yield, harvest ‎index and oil yield, (28.63, 4.68 g, 10785.2 kg‎, 3484.2 kg, ‎‎38.02% and 1795.93 kg.ha-1, respectively, as compared with control). Application of ‎‎12 t.ha-1 of vermicompost per hectare along with growth promoting ‎bacteria resulted in grain ‎yield, harvest index and oil yield increase by 83%, 45% and 43%, ‎respectively, ‎as compared with control. Therefore, in soils ‎with low organic matter content, ‎simultaneous application of vermicompost and growth ‎promoters bacteria can ‎improve the quality and quantity of rapeseed yield ‏.‏‎ Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - Evaluation of physiological characteristics and antioxidant activity of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum cv. Keshkeni luvelou) under different levels of methyl jasmonate and lead toxicity
Somaye Asadi Mohammad Moghaddam Abdollah Ghasemi Pirbalouti Amir FotovatThis study was performed in order to evaluate the effect of methyl jasmonate on some physiological characteristics and antioxidant activity of basil under lead toxicity, based on a factorial and completely randomized design with three replications at Ferdowsi University MoreThis study was performed in order to evaluate the effect of methyl jasmonate on some physiological characteristics and antioxidant activity of basil under lead toxicity, based on a factorial and completely randomized design with three replications at Ferdowsi University of Mashhad Research Greenhouse. The experimental treatments included Pb (NO3)2) at three levels of (0, 200, and 400 mg/kg soil) and foliar application of methyl jasmonate at three concentrations (0, 0.5, and 1 mM). Measured traits included chlorophyll a, b, and total, carotenoids, electrolyte leakage, relative water content, antioxidant activity, soluble carbohydrate, total phenol, and proline. Results showed that in the plants treated with lead, the amount of proline, relative water content, chlorophyll a, antioxidant activity and total phenol reduced in comparison with control plants and application of methyl jasmonate (0.5 mM) under lead stress increased these traits. Furthermore, electrolyte leakage increased significantly under lead stress, while it was decreased by spraying with methyl jasmonate. Therefore, using methyl jasmonate is justified for protecting economic performance of plants under stress. Also, application of 0.5 and 1 mM methyl jasmonate reduced and adjusted the effects of stress in the plants under lead stress through stimulating production of antioxidants. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - Inhibitory effect of different plant growth regulators on blue mold disease in apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.)
Mansureh Keshavarzi Saeid Mirzaei Masoud Ahmadi-AfzadiApple (Malus × domestica Borkh.) is one of the most economically important crops which is widely used either as fresh fruit or as processed foods. Apple fruit is usually introduced to the markets after a storage period of several months. This makes it important to MoreApple (Malus × domestica Borkh.) is one of the most economically important crops which is widely used either as fresh fruit or as processed foods. Apple fruit is usually introduced to the markets after a storage period of several months. This makes it important to protect fruits against the post-harvest diseases specially in organic production. Blue mold (Penicillium expansum) is one of these diseases, which due to spreading very fast in storage and producing a carcinogenic compound, called patulin, is of particular importance. In the present study, the impact of methyl jasmonate, abscisic acid, salicylic acid, beta-aminobutyric acid, and carbocyclic acid sprayed was investigated on blue mold. Apple fruits of 10 cultivars were surface sterilized and inoculated with spores of fungus, and then were treated with the plant growth regulators. The fruit firmness, softening rate and lesion decay were evaluated. Data were analyzed in a factorial design with two factors i.e., cultivar and plant growth regulator in a completely randomized design in R software package. The impact of hormones was significant on controlling the blue mold, and three plant growth regulators, methyl jasmonate, salicylic acid, and beta-amino butyric acid had the greatest inhibitory impact on the disease. Carboxylic acid and abscisic acid had contradictory impacts on different cultivars, and did not result in significant impacts in some cultivars. The results of this study can be used in the breeding programs in order to help better understand plant disease mechanisms. They can also be applied as a practical method to control blue mold in apple. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - Effect of foliar application of organic growth stimulators on physiological characteristics, yield and percentage of safflower oil (Carthamus tinctorius L.) under levels of drought stress
Ali Rashedi Alireza Sirousmehr Mohsen Mousavi nik Ahmad GhanbariDrought is one of the most important factors in reducing plant yield, and understand the ways to deal with drought stress is very important. This experiment was performed to study the effect of foliar application of organic growth stimulants (Hamoon Green ®) on some MoreDrought is one of the most important factors in reducing plant yield, and understand the ways to deal with drought stress is very important. This experiment was performed to study the effect of foliar application of organic growth stimulants (Hamoon Green ®) on some physiological traits, yield, and oil content of Goldasht safflower cultivar under different levels of drought stress in the form of split plots in a randomized complete block design in the Research Farm No.1 of Zabol University located in Jazinak, Sistan Dam, in Zabol with three replications. The main factor of drought stress at 3 levels included full irrigation, irrigation up to the main stem flowering stage, and irrigation up to full flowering stage. The secondary factor was plant growth regulator at four levels including control, 8, 10, and 12 liters per hectare. Measured characteristics included plant height, number of leaves, number of heads per plant, 1000-seed weight, petal weight, stem diameter, seed protein percentage, grain yield, seed oil percentage, proline, catalase and peroxidase. The interaction of growth stimulant levels and drought stress was significant only on plant height, stem diameter, oil percentage, and proline concentration. The maximum plant height (64 cm) and percentage of oil (32.7%) were obtained from non-stress and foliar application of 12 liters of growth stimulant; the highest proline concentration was recorded under foliar application of 12 liters growth regulator the flowering stage of the main stem (0.38%); the maximum stem grain yield (1127.08 kg ha-1) was recorded with the plants sprayed with 12 liters of growth stimulant. In general, foliar application of growth stimulants moderated the negative effects of drought stress on some traits of safflower plant and improved grain yield by 36.6%. Also, irrigation up to the flowering stage of the main stem can lead to the yield similar to full irrigation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - The effect of different levels of indole-3-butyric acid and naphthaleneacetic acid on the rooting of Olea europaea cv. Mari shoot cutting
Behzad Kaviani Mohammad Reza Safari Motlagh Asghar Hasankhah Alireza EslamiOlive (Olea europaea) is a tree species whose seedling grows slowly and the propagation by seed is time consuming and increases the probability of genetic alterations. The most appropriate method to propagate olive is the use of shoot cutting as asexual propagation; how MoreOlive (Olea europaea) is a tree species whose seedling grows slowly and the propagation by seed is time consuming and increases the probability of genetic alterations. The most appropriate method to propagate olive is the use of shoot cutting as asexual propagation; however, semi-hardwood olive cutting is hard-rooting. The purpose of the current research was to facilitate rooting on shoot cutting of olive cv. Mari using the concentrations of 2, 3, and 4 g l−1 of indolebutyric acid (IBA) and naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), singularly and in combination with each other. Used cultivation bed was sand. The research was done as a factorial based on a randomized complete block design with three replications. Rooting percentage, root number, root length, and root fresh and dry weights were measured. Based on the results of this experiment the highest percentage of rooting (83.30%), maximum root number (17.09), longest root (22.67 cm), and dry (2.30 g) weight were obtained in cuttings treated with 3 g l−1 NAA together with 3 g l−1 IBA. The highest fresh weight (4.83 g) was obtained in cuttings treated with 4 g l−1 NAA together with 3 g l−1 IBA. The lowest percentage of rooting, maximum root number, shortest root, and lowest fresh and dry weights were obtained in control. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - In vitro culture of carnation and acclimatization of the plantlet to ex vitro condition
مه لقا ghorbanli ف nouri-cootanai ب Allahverdi MamaghaniDianthus caryophyllus is one of the most important species in Dianthus genus. In order to propagation virus-free plant material, in vitro culture of this species var cerise royallette were studied. Explants were cultured in Anderson medium containing 1 mgl-1 6-benzylami MoreDianthus caryophyllus is one of the most important species in Dianthus genus. In order to propagation virus-free plant material, in vitro culture of this species var cerise royallette were studied. Explants were cultured in Anderson medium containing 1 mgl-1 6-benzylaminopurine. 6-benzylaminopurine alone induced callus in nodes and internodes explants. To achieve organogenesis, calli subcultured onto Anderson medium with or without plant growth regulator. The highest shoot length was obtained in medium without any hormone. The most suitable adventitious shoot regeneration medium was Anderson medium supplement with 4 mgl-1 Kin and 0.1 mgl-1 NAA. Root regeneration was observ ed in medium with 0.5 and 1 mgl-1 naphtalenacetic acid. Rooted plantlet transferred into pot with perlite and irrigated by different nutrient solution. The effect of different nutrient solution (An, OM, MS, MC) on growth and development of plantlet were compared. The results showed Anderson medium was more effective than the others. Acclimatized plants were transferred to soil. All plants were survived in field condition and produced flower after 4 months. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - Phytochemical study and improving the essential oil yield of Cuminum cyminum L. medicinal plant by spraying the metabolic activator of pluramin and the growth regulator of bioxa under rainfed condition
Saeid Hazrati Farhad Habibzadeh Saeed Mollaei Zahra Masoumpour Parina AsgharianCumin (Cumin cyminum L.) the only cumin crop in Iran, which is rich in secondary metabolites has great economic value and is. In order to evaluate the effect of foliar application of growth stimulant of pluramin and bioxa on this plant, a field study was conducted as a MoreCumin (Cumin cyminum L.) the only cumin crop in Iran, which is rich in secondary metabolites has great economic value and is. In order to evaluate the effect of foliar application of growth stimulant of pluramin and bioxa on this plant, a field study was conducted as a factorial experiment in a randomized complete block design with four replications in the research farm of Shahid Madani University of Azerbaijan in 2017- 2018. Experimental factors included foliar application of pluramin at the concentrations of 0, 2.5 and 5 g.l-1 and bioxa at the levels of 0, 5 and 10 ml.l-1. The essential oil was extracted using hydro-distillation method in Clevenger apparatus and analyzed by GC/MS. The effect of foliar application of pluramin on 1000-seed weight, number of seeds per umbel and essential oil yield and the effect of foliar application of bioxa on plant height, number of seeds per umbel and content and yield of essential oil were significant. The interaction of experimental factors on the number of seeds per umbel, content and yield of essential oil was significant. Comparison of means showed that the highest content and yield of essential oil with a significant difference belonged to the foliar application of 10 ml.l-1 bioxa; after that, spraying 2.5 g.l-1 of pluramin produced the highest content of essential oil. The major compounds identified in all treatments included 3-carn-10-al, para-cement, p-comic aldehyde, gamma-terpinene, beta-pinene and 2-carn-10-al. The highest essential oil yield was obtained from foliar application of 10 ml.l-1 bioxa, which was significantly different from the other levels of foliar application. That is, simultaneous foliar application increased this compound. The highest amount of para-cymene, gamma-terpinene and beta-pinene was obtained by spraying 10 ml.l-1 bioxa and the lowest amount of these compounds were obtained by spraying 5 g.l-1 pluramin and 5 ml.l-1 bioxa. Overall, the results showed that foliar application of growth stimulants of pluramin and bioxa can improve the yield and composition of cumin essential oil under the rainfed conditions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - تأثیر غلظتهای مختلف BAP بر ریزازدیادی دو گونه (Withania coagulans L.) و (Withania somnifera L.)
فرشته نورالهی ابراهیم گنجیBackground & Aim: Withania genus has more than 200 species, of which two important species (W. somnifera) and (W. coagulans) have high medicinal value and their rapid and extensive reproduction with new methods is very important to expand the area of cultivation. Pr MoreBackground & Aim: Withania genus has more than 200 species, of which two important species (W. somnifera) and (W. coagulans) have high medicinal value and their rapid and extensive reproduction with new methods is very important to expand the area of cultivation. Propagation of crops in vitro is an accessible method for mass propagation. Therefore, the selection of a suitable culture medium is necessary to motivate shoot regeneration from explants and proliferation. The main purpose of this study was to present a rapid and efficient method for mass propagation of virus-free and disease-free plants under in vitro culture conditions.Experimental: The experiment was designed in a completely randomized design (CRD) with three replicatesin. The seeds were sterilized and placed on MS medium after being collected from their natural habitat in Sistan and Baluchestan province. It was then cultured on MS medium containing benzyl amino purine growth regulator at four levels of 0, 0.5, 1 and 1.5 mg/l for branching.Results: The results showed that in coagulans specie in MS medium containing 0.5 mg/l of benzyl amino purine (BAP) with an average proliferation of 3.66 of shoots and a length of 2.85 cm, the highest branching was obtained. Also, the highest propagation coefficient and number of leaves were obtained in benzyl amino purine (BAP) treatment with a concentration of 0.5 mg/l. The lowest propagation rate was reported in control (without hormones). In this experiment, application of benzyl amino purine at concentrations of 0.5 and 1 mg/l improved seedling quality which was more effective in coagulans and contained higher quality and fresher seedlings. Recommended applications/industries: In general, for the production of seedlings with high branching percentages, the use of benzyl amino purine at a concentration of 0.5 mg/l is recommended for optimal branching. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - اثر ریزنمونه ها و هورمون های رشد در باززائی مستقیم زرین گیاه (.Boiss Dracocephalum kotschy ) با استفاده از تکنیک کشت بافت
محمود اطرشی کوثر مرادیمقدمه و هدف: در ایران 8 گونه از جنس Dracocephalum متعلق به تیره نعناعیان وجود دارد که اهمیت زیادی از نظر کاربرد در صنایع آرایشی، غذایی و به ویژه در صنایع دارویی دارند. Dracocephalum kotschy یکی از گونه های مهم انحصاری در ایران می باشد که با نام زرین گیاه مشخ Moreمقدمه و هدف: در ایران 8 گونه از جنس Dracocephalum متعلق به تیره نعناعیان وجود دارد که اهمیت زیادی از نظر کاربرد در صنایع آرایشی، غذایی و به ویژه در صنایع دارویی دارند. Dracocephalum kotschy یکی از گونه های مهم انحصاری در ایران می باشد که با نام زرین گیاه مشخص می شود، در طب سنتی کاربرد فراوانی دارد. به منظور بررسی اثر هورمون های مختلف رشد و ریزنمونه بر روی باززائی مستقیم زرین گیاه D. kotschy با استفاده از تکنیک کشت بافت، این تحقیق مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. روش تحقیق: در مطالعه حاضر تنظیم کننده رشد سیتوکینین BAP و اکسین هایIBA و NAA با غلظت های متفاوت و هم­چنین ریزنمونه های نوک ساقه، هیپوکوتیل و برگ­های کوتیلدونی در تکثیر زرین گیاه و ریزازدیادی مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفتند. نتایج و بحث: نتایج نشان داد بهترین تیمار و ریزنمونه بر باززائی مستقیم زرین گیاه محیط کشت پایه MS حاوی 5 میلی گرم در لیتر BAP و 2/0 میلی گرم در لیتر NAA بر ریزنمونه نوک ساقه می باشد. ریزنمونه های باززائی شده در محیط کشت MS حاوی 1 میلی گرم در لیتر BAP و 5/0 میلی گرم در لیتر IBA رشد طولی داشتند و هم­چنین در همان محیط رشد طولی، ریزنمونه ها ریشه دار شدند. گیاهچه های ریشه دار شده سپس به مرحله مقاوم سازی منتقل شدند. پس از سازگاری گیاهچه های زرین گیاه حاصل از باززائی، 95 درصد از گیاهچه­های منتقل شده به گل­خانه دارای رشد مناسب بودند. توصیه کاربردی/صنعتی: با توجه به نتایج حاصل از این تحقیق می توان اقدام به تکثیر و تولید ماده موثره گیاه دارویی و بسیار ارزشمند زرین گیاه نمود البته یکی از مهمترین محاسن این روش جلوگیری از انقراض و حفاظت گونه در خارج از زیستگاه خواهد بود. Manuscript profile -
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22 - In vitro propagation of orchid Phalaenopsis amabilis (L.) Blume var. Jawa
Mozhdeh Asa Behzad Kaviani -
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23 - Alleviation of the effects of on drought stress Verbascum nudicuale by methyl jasmonate and titanium dioxide nanoparticles
Fatemeh Ghasemlou Hamzeh Amiri Roya Karamian Asghar Mirzaie-asl -
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24 - Influence of ascorbic acid on growth and micropropagation of Aloe barbadensis Mill.
Behzad Kaviani Aki Ramezani Sayad Ahmad Majd Mojtaba Khorrami Raad -
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25 - Morpho-physiological and yield responses of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) to the application of growth regulators under drought stress
Habib Noori Seyyed Gholamreza Moosavi Mohammadjavad Seghatoleslami Mansour Fazeli Rostampour -
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26 - Micropropagation of Phalaenopsis circus via direct organogenesis using protocorm-like bodies explant
Hasan Kiaheirati Davood Hashemabadi Behzad Kaviani -
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27 - Change in the content of bioactive pharmaceutical-industrial compounds under the influence of hormonal treatments In Euphorbia trigona Mill.
Hakimeh Rezayi Aryan Sateei Tahereh A. Aghajanzadeh Mehdi Ebadi -
Open Access Article
28 - القای کالوس و ظرفیت اندام زایی از ریزنمونه ی پهنک اطلسی القا شده توسط بنزیل آدنین و نفتالین استیک اسید
بهزاد کاویانی دانش کاظمیتنظیم­کننده­های رشد گیاهی نقش مهمی در القای کالوس و اندام­زایی ریزنمونه­های گیاهی کشت­شده در شرایط درون­شیشه­ای دارند. کالوس پتانسیل مناسبی برای باززایی گیاه طی اندام­زایی و جنین­زایی غیرمستقیم همچنین کشت سوسپانسیون، تغییر ژنتیکی و تو Moreتنظیم­کننده­های رشد گیاهی نقش مهمی در القای کالوس و اندام­زایی ریزنمونه­های گیاهی کشت­شده در شرایط درون­شیشه­ای دارند. کالوس پتانسیل مناسبی برای باززایی گیاه طی اندام­زایی و جنین­زایی غیرمستقیم همچنین کشت سوسپانسیون، تغییر ژنتیکی و تولید متابولیت­های ثانویه دارد. در آزمایش حاضر، ریزنمونه­های برگی اطلسی روی محیط موراشیگ و اسکوگ غنی­شده با غلظت­های مختلف بنزیل آدنین (25/0، 5/0 و 1 میلی­گرم در لیتر) و نفتالین استیک اسید (1/0، 2/0 و 3/0 میلی­گرم در لیتر) کشت شدند. بیشینه­ی وزن تر (16/5 گرم)، وزن خشک (31/0 گرم) و حجم کالوس (50/24 سانتی­متر مکعب) در محیط حاوی 1 میلی­گرم در لیتر بنزیل آدنین در ترکیب با 3/0میلی­گرم در لیتر نفتالین استیک اسید به­دست آمد. ریزنمونه­های برگی در محیط بدون تنظیم­کننده­های رشد گیاهی کالوس تولید نکردند. گیاهچه­ها روی همه­ی کالوس­های رشدیافته در محیط­های حاوی تنظیم­کننده­های رشد گیاهی تولید شدند. بیشترین تعداد گیاهچه در کالوس القاشده روی محیط حاوی 1 میلی­گرم در لیتر بنزیل آدنین در ترکیب با 3/0 میلی­گرم در لیتر نفتالین استیک اسید تولید شد. گیاهچه­های باززایی­شده در شرایط درون­شیشه­ای با شاخه­ها و ریشه­های به­خوبی توسعه­یافته به­طور موفقیت­آمیزی در گلدان­های حاوی پیت و پرلایت (1:1) استقرار یافتند و در یک گلخانه طی 4 هفته با 100 درصد بقا رشد کردند. گیاهچه­های باززایی­شده از نظر مورفولوژیکی با گیاهان مادری مشابه بودند و هیچ تغییر فنوتیپی قابل­تعیینی نشان ندادند. Manuscript profile -
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29 - یک روش ساده و سریع برای ریزازدیادی گل اطلسی رقم مرلین مورن صورتی (Petunia × hybrida F1 )
شهرام مهری محمد نبی ایلکایی فرزین سعیدزادهبرای تکثیر مطلوب گل اطلسی رقم ’مرلین مورن صورتی‘، ما یک روش ساده ریزازدیادی آزمایشگاهی ابداع کردیم. برای این منظور جوانههای انتهایی 30 روزه حاصل از گیاهان رشد یافته در محیط آزمایشگاهی از بذرهای هیبرید، در محیط موراشیگ و اسکوگ (MS) تیمار شده با 36 ترکیب تیما Moreبرای تکثیر مطلوب گل اطلسی رقم ’مرلین مورن صورتی‘، ما یک روش ساده ریزازدیادی آزمایشگاهی ابداع کردیم. برای این منظور جوانههای انتهایی 30 روزه حاصل از گیاهان رشد یافته در محیط آزمایشگاهی از بذرهای هیبرید، در محیط موراشیگ و اسکوگ (MS) تیمار شده با 36 ترکیب تیماری حاصل از سطوح 6- بنزیلآمینوپورین (0، 5/0، 1، 2، 3 و 5 میلی گرم BA در لیتر) در سطوح آلفا نفتالین استیک اسید (0، 1/0، 5/0، 1، 5/1 و 3 میلی گرم NAA در لیتر) کشت داده شدند. نتایج نشان داد که فقط BA در مقدار 5/0 یا 2 میلیگرم در لیتر برای طول ساقه، تعداد ساقه، تعداد گره و تعداد برگ در مقایسه با سایر غلظتهای BA و BA در ترکیب با NAA، بهتر بود. بیشترین تعداد شاخه فرعی (44/8) و حداکثر طول ساقه (16/13سانتیمتر) در محیط MS حاوی 50/0 میلیگرم در لیتر BA بدون NAA ثبت شد. حداکثر طول ریشه (2/5 سانتی متر) و تعداد ریشه (77/8) در محیط حاوی 10/0 میلیگرم NAA لیتر مشاهده شد. گیاهان پرورش یافته در محیط آزمایشگاهی در داخل گلدانهای حاوی پرلیت و کوکوپیت کاشته شدند و در طی 4 هفته با بقای 100٪ رشد کردند. گیاهان تکثیر شده از لحاظ مورفولوژیکی با گیاهان مادری مشابه بودند و هیچ گونه تنوع فنوتیپی قابل تشخیص مشاهده نشد. Manuscript profile -
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30 - تاثیر سالیسیلیک اسید بر صفات مورفولوژیک و فیزیولوژیک گیاه زینتی-دارویی پریوش (Catharanthus roseus) تحت دورهای مختلف آبیاری
داود هاشم آبادی زهرا اسدی بیگ زاده محله فیروزه پورزرنگاربهمنظور بررسی اثر دورهای مختلف آبیاری (I) و محلول پاشی سالیسیلیک اسید (M) بر خصوصیات مورفولوژیکی و فیزیولوژیکی پریوش آزمایشی فاکتوریل بر پایه طرح کاملا تصادفی با سه تکرار به اجرا درآمد. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل دورهای آبیاری (2 (I1)، 4 (I2)، 6 (I3) و 8 (I4) روز یکبار) و د Moreبهمنظور بررسی اثر دورهای مختلف آبیاری (I) و محلول پاشی سالیسیلیک اسید (M) بر خصوصیات مورفولوژیکی و فیزیولوژیکی پریوش آزمایشی فاکتوریل بر پایه طرح کاملا تصادفی با سه تکرار به اجرا درآمد. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل دورهای آبیاری (2 (I1)، 4 (I2)، 6 (I3) و 8 (I4) روز یکبار) و دفعات مختلف محلولپاشی با 200 میلیگرم در لیتر SA (0 (M0)، 1 (M1) و 2 (M2) بار) بودند. نتایج نشان داد که در صفات مورفولوژیک، بیشترین تعداد گل ( 66/25)، کمترین ریزش برگ (8/3) و بیشترین وزن تر ریشه (181/1 گرم) متعلق به I2M2 است. I1M0 در صفات ارتفاع بوته (154 سانتی متر) ، تعداد برگ (36 عدد)، طول میانگره (243/9 میلیمتر)، وزن تر اندام هوایی (636/8 گرم) و ماده خشک اندام هوایی (20/26 درصد) دارای بیشترین مقدار بود. بیشترین قطر گل (176/1 میلیمتر)، تعداد گره در بوته (66/16)، وزن تر بوته (366/9 گرم) و ماده خشک ریشه (03/30 درصد) متعلق به I1M2 بود. در صفات فیزیولوژیک، I1M0 بیشترین مقدار کلروفیل b، کلروفیل کل و آنتوسیانین گلبرگ را داشت. بیشترین و کمترین مقدار پرولین به ترتیب متعلق به I3M2 و I2M0 بود. کمترین مقدار MDA (42/1 نانومول در هر گرم وزن تر) به I4M1 و بیشترین فعالیت SOD (IU g-1 F.W. 88 ) به I3M0 اختصاص داشت. فعالیت POD در تیمار I2M0 کمترین و در تیمار I4M2 بیشترین مقدار بود. در کل با توجه به وقوع آثار مخرب تنش کمبود آب در دورهای آبیاری 6 و 8 روز یکبار، کاربرد SA در این شرایط جهت بهبود رشد پریوش توصیه میشود. Manuscript profile -
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31 - ریزازدیادی سرخدار یک درخت دارویی زینتی
علی سحری مقدم بهزاد کاویانی علی محمدی ترکاشوند وحید عبدوسی علیرضا اسلامییک روش تکثیر درونشیشهای سرخدار انگلیسی (Taxus baccata L.) طی روش اندامزایی با استفاده از کینتین (Kin) و ایندول-3-بوتیریک اسید (IBA) به­ عنوان تنظیمکنندههای رشد گیاهی و جوانه رأسی به­ عنوان ریزنمونه ارائه میشود. جوانههای رأسی بریدهشده از گیاهان مادری روی Moreیک روش تکثیر درونشیشهای سرخدار انگلیسی (Taxus baccata L.) طی روش اندامزایی با استفاده از کینتین (Kin) و ایندول-3-بوتیریک اسید (IBA) به­ عنوان تنظیمکنندههای رشد گیاهی و جوانه رأسی به­ عنوان ریزنمونه ارائه میشود. جوانههای رأسی بریدهشده از گیاهان مادری روی محیط موراشیگ و اسکوگ (MS) مکملشده با غلظتها و ترکیبهای مختلف Kin (1، 0.5، 0 و 2 میلیگرم بر لیتر) به ­عنوان یک سیتوکینین و IBA (1، 0.5، 0 و 2 میلیگرم بر لیتر) به­ عنوان یک اکسین قرار گرفتند. نتایج نشان داد که بیشترین تعداد گره (6.75) روی محیط MS حاوی 2 میلیگرم بر لیتر Kin به دست آمد. بیشترین تعداد سرشاخه (5) روی محیط MS مکملشده با 1 میلیگرم بر لیتر Kin همراه با 1 میلیگرم بر لیتر IBA به ­دست آمد. بیشترین تعداد ریشه (6.50) روی ریزنمونههای رشدیافته روی محیط غنیشده با 2 میلیگرم بر لیتر Kin همراه با 1 میلیگرم بر لیتر IBA تولید شد. گیاهچهها به گلدانهای پرشده با پرلایت و پیت موس به نسبت مساوی برای سازگاری منتقل شدند. این گیاهچهها سازگار شدند و به­ طور موفقیتآمیزی در بسترهای کشت استقرار یافتند. Manuscript profile -
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32 - تکثیر درون شیشه ای سفالانترا روبرا ، یک ارکید در معرض خطر، با استفاده از 2، 4-دی، نفتالین استیک اسید و بنزیل آدنین
مهدی زرگر آزاد بهزاد کاویانی شهرام صداقت حورارکیدها به دلیل طیف وسیعی از رنگها، اندازهها، شکلها و بوها در گلهایشان از محبوبیت جهانی برخوردارند. درخواست برای ارکیدها به عنوان گلهای شاخهبریده و گیاهان گلدانی در بازار گل رو به افزایش است. جوانهزنی بذر ارکیدها در حالت وحشی بسیار پایین است به طوری که آنها در طی Moreارکیدها به دلیل طیف وسیعی از رنگها، اندازهها، شکلها و بوها در گلهایشان از محبوبیت جهانی برخوردارند. درخواست برای ارکیدها به عنوان گلهای شاخهبریده و گیاهان گلدانی در بازار گل رو به افزایش است. جوانهزنی بذر ارکیدها در حالت وحشی بسیار پایین است به طوری که آنها در طی جوانهزنیشان به همزیستهای قارچی نیاز دارند. ریزازدیادی ارکیدها یک رویکرد عمده برای حفاظت و تکثیر تجاری است. Cephalanthera rubra (L.) Rich، یکی از گونههای ارکید در معرض خطر ایران، با استفاده از برگ به عنوان ریزنمونه، موراشیگ و اسکوگ (MS) به عنوان محیط کشت و ɑ-نفتالیناستیک اسید و 4،2-دیکلروفنوکسیاستیک اسید (هر دو در غلظتهای 0، 0/1، 0/2، 0/3 و 0/4 میلیگرم بر لیتر) همچنین 6-بنزیلآدنین (در غلظتهای 0، 1، 2، 3 و 4 میلیگرم بر لیتر) به عنوان تنظیمکنندههای رشد گیاهی (PGRs) کلون شدهاند. به دلیل آغاز یک کشت گندزدا، ضدعفونی ریزنمونههای برگ با هیپوکلریت سدیم و کلرید جیوه انجام شد. بیشترین تعداد شاخه (4/33) در محیط غنیشده با 4 میلیگرم بر لیتر بنزیلآدنین به دست آمد. بیشینهی طول ساقه (4/73 سانتیمتر)، تعداد برگ (5/33) و تعداد گره (2/86) در محیط مکملشده با 3 میلیگرم بر لیتر بنزیلآدنین به دست آمد. بیشترین تعداد ریشه (5) و بالاترین طول ریشه (4/83 سانتیمتر) روی محیط غنیشده با 0/3 میلیگرم بر لیتر نفتالیناستیک اسید تولید شد. گیاهچههای ریشهدارشده به گلدانهای پرشده با پیت و پرلیت به نسبت 1:1 منتقل گردیدند و به شرایط محیطی گلخانه با میانگین بقای 90 درصد سازگار شدند. این اولین گزارش روی ریزازدیادی C. rubra (L.) Rich است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
33 - An Efficient In Vitro Propagation, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Aphyllorchis Montana (Reichenb.f.)
Ganesan MahendranAn in vitro plant regeneration protocol was successfully established in Aphyllorchis Montana , a saprophytic achlorophyllous orchid by culturing immature seeds. Among the six basal media evaluated for seed germination, BM-TM medium was found to be the best followed by K MoreAn in vitro plant regeneration protocol was successfully established in Aphyllorchis Montana , a saprophytic achlorophyllous orchid by culturing immature seeds. Among the six basal media evaluated for seed germination, BM-TM medium was found to be the best followed by KC medium. After 40 days, all the media turned brown and the growths of the protocorms were arrested. Activated charcoal, 1 g/l in half strength BM-TM was found to be suitable for further development of protocorms. Half strength BM-TM medium was supplemented with different growth regulators either individually or in combinations for multiplication of shoots. Of the five cytokinins tested, TDZ at 6.8 μM was found to be most effective for multiple shoot induction yielding 17.24 ± 0.27 shoots after 10 weeks of culture. Addition of low concentration of NAA (1.3 μM) in MS medium supplemented with the cytokinin TDZ (6.8 μM) favoured shoot multiplication. A mean number of 27.56 ± 0.54 shoots with 3.92 ± 0.11 number of roots were produced per explant. The response of the seed derived protocorm to the different types of organic additives viz., peptone and yeast extract and coconut water was also evaluated. The addition of these organic additives to the medium containing TDZ enhanced the number of shoot regeneration. The plantlets were acclimatized in plastic pots containing sterilized vermiculite. The survival rate was 100 % when maintained in the culture room condition (25 ± 2 °C). Screening of the antibacterial, antioxidant activity and estimation of total phenolics and flavonoid content of methanolic extracts of micropropagated plants were also carried out and compared with that of the wild-grown plants. In all the tests, methanolic extract from wild-grown plants showed higher antioxidant, antimicrobial activity, total phenolics and flavonoid content than in vitro propagated plants. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
34 - Effects of Nodal Position and Growth Regulators on In Vitro Growth of Dog Rose (Rosa canina)
M. Shirdel A. Motallebi-Azar M. Matloobi F. Zaare-NahandiDog rose (Rosa canina) has been using as a rootstock for ornamental roses also it is one of the medicinal plants. It can be propagated under in vitro conditions. After removing chilling requirement of buds, axillary wood buds of dog rose were cut in three nodal position MoreDog rose (Rosa canina) has been using as a rootstock for ornamental roses also it is one of the medicinal plants. It can be propagated under in vitro conditions. After removing chilling requirement of buds, axillary wood buds of dog rose were cut in three nodal positions (lower, middle and terminal) on the stem and then explants after decontamination, cultured on Murashige and Skoog medium (MS medium) supplemented with 1 mg l-1 GA3 and 1 mg l-1 BAP. For shoot proliferation, MS medium supplemented with 1 mg l-1 GA3 and different concentration of PGRs. The results showed that maximum bud break percentage and highest shoot length were observed in lower nodal position. Minimum bud break percentage and shoot length were observed in middle nodal position. In the media with different concentrations of PGRs the highest shoot length was observed in combinations of BAP 1 mg l-1 and Ads 2 mg l-1. The large number of node and maximum axillary shoot percentage were observed in BAP 6 mg-1. The growth of dog rose was affected by different explants nodal position and growth regulators on in vitro. Assessment of BAP and Ads on axillary shoot percentage and node number was more effective than kinetin + TDZ and BAP + TDZ combination. In media with low concentration of BAP, TDZ and NAA and so kinetin, TDZ and NAA did not produce any axillary shoots or elongated shoots. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
35 - Somatic Embryogenesis and Plant Regeneration from Embryonic Axes and Cotyledons Explants of Tea (Camellia sinenesis L.)
B. KavianiIn the present study, 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2, 4-D) was assessed individually for its effectiveness to induce somatic embryogenesis in tea (Camellia sinenesis L.). Embryonic axes and cotyledons explants were dissected from the seeds. Explants were cultured on MoreIn the present study, 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2, 4-D) was assessed individually for its effectiveness to induce somatic embryogenesis in tea (Camellia sinenesis L.). Embryonic axes and cotyledons explants were dissected from the seeds. Explants were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 0, 1 and 5 mM 2, 4-D alone for embryonic axes and 0, 1 and 5 mM 2, 4-D along with 0 and 0.5 mM IBA for cotyledons. Embryos were observed in embryonic axes explants cultured on MS medium containing 1mM 2, 4-D. No somatic embryos were seen on cotyledons explants. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
36 - Micropropagation of Rosa canina Through Axillary Shoot Proliferation
Mahboubeh Davoudi Pahnekolayi Ali Tehranifar Leila Samiei Mahmoud ShoorIn vitro propagation of rose has played a very important role in rapid multiplication of species with desirable traits and production of healthy and disease-free plants. Micropropagation using nodal segments of Rosa canina under different combinations of BAP, GA3 and NA MoreIn vitro propagation of rose has played a very important role in rapid multiplication of species with desirable traits and production of healthy and disease-free plants. Micropropagation using nodal segments of Rosa canina under different combinations of BAP, GA3 and NAA on MS and VS, medium was investigated. The results showed that the highest shoot proliferation was obtained on VS medium containing 2 mg/L BAP without any GA3 and NAA. Furthermore the highest root regeneration obtained in half strength VS medium. The present investigation recommended a practiciable in vitro plant protocol for R. canina as an important step for successful implementation of biotechnological techniques for rose improvement in Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
37 - اثر BAP و NAA روی ریزازدیادی کالادیوم Caladium bicolor (Aiton) Vent.))، یک گیاه زینتی
شیما صیدی ناصر نگهدار راضیه تقی زاده اندواری محمد حسین انصاری بهزاد کاویانیریزنمونههای برگ کالادیوم در شرایط درون شیشهای روی محیطهای MS همراه با 25 غلظت مختلف از BAP و NAA بهمنظور تعیین غلظتهای مناسب برای ریزازدیادی کشت شدند. تمام ترکیبات تشکیل کالوس را روی ریز نمونهها القا کردند. تولید کالوس روی ریزنمونههای برگی رشد یافته روی محیط شاهد Moreریزنمونههای برگ کالادیوم در شرایط درون شیشهای روی محیطهای MS همراه با 25 غلظت مختلف از BAP و NAA بهمنظور تعیین غلظتهای مناسب برای ریزازدیادی کشت شدند. تمام ترکیبات تشکیل کالوس را روی ریز نمونهها القا کردند. تولید کالوس روی ریزنمونههای برگی رشد یافته روی محیط شاهد بسیار کم بود. محیط غنی شده با 4 میلیگرم بر لیتر BAP + 5/0 میلیگرم بر لیتر NAA برای تشکیل کالوس موثرترین بودند. بیشترین تعداد نوشاخهها (43/6 در ریزنمونه) و بیشترین تعداد ریشهها (56/5 در ریز نمونه) بهترتیب روی محیطهای حاوی یک میلیگرم بر لیتر BAP + 5/0 میلیگرم بر لیتر NAA و 3 میلیگرم بر لیتر BAP + 5/0 میلیگرم بر لیتر NAA تولید شدند. گیاهچههای باززایی شده در شرایط گلخانهای رشد داده شدند و بطور موفقیتآمیزی سازگار گردیدند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
38 - The Effect of Different Concentrations of Plant Growt Regulators on Micropropagation of Kalanchoe blossfeldiana cv. White
Behzad Kaviani Davood Hashemabadi Mohaddeseh KordiShoot tips from actively growing, greenhouse maintained plants of Kalanchoe blossfeldiana were cultured in vitro for shoot proliferation and root initiation on Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium supplemented with NAA and BA, both in concentrations of 0.00, 0.50, 1.00 MoreShoot tips from actively growing, greenhouse maintained plants of Kalanchoe blossfeldiana were cultured in vitro for shoot proliferation and root initiation on Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium supplemented with NAA and BA, both in concentrations of 0.00, 0.50, 1.00 and 2.00 mg l-1. Results showed that the maximum plantlets height (7.012 cm), node number (4.516), root number (8.860) and root length (10.160 cm) were obtained in MS medium containing 1 mg l-1 BA + 1 mg l-1 NAA. Maximum shoot number (5.886), leaf number (8.980) and proliferation index (1.791) were calculated in medium supplemented with 1 mg l-1 BA + 0.5 mg l-1 NAA. Minimum plantlets height (1.988 cm), node number (1.283), root number (2.720), root length (3.016 cm), shoot number (1.221), leaf number (2.015) and proliferation index (0.405) were obtained in medium without BA and NAA (control). Fresh and dry weights of plantlets were calculated, too. About 85% of the micropropagated plantlets were established successfully in acclimatization medium containing peat, perlite and sand (1:1:1). Regenerated plantlets were morphologically identical with mother plants. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
39 - Effect of Pre-Harvest Application of Gibberellic Acid and Ethephon on the Quality of Table Grape
M. Zahedi S. Mortazavi N. Moallemi V. AbdossiIn this study the effects of plant growth regulators including; GA3 (0 and 50 mg/l) and ethephon (0 and 500 mg/l) were studied on the quality properties of two grape cultivars (Perlette and Yaghuti). At the harvest time, some physicochemical characteristics such as frui MoreIn this study the effects of plant growth regulators including; GA3 (0 and 50 mg/l) and ethephon (0 and 500 mg/l) were studied on the quality properties of two grape cultivars (Perlette and Yaghuti). At the harvest time, some physicochemical characteristics such as fruit cluster weight, fruit diameter, length, volume and L/D ratio, flesh firmness, fresh weight, TA, pH, TSS and fruit color were measured at the harvest time. Results showed that fruits treats with GA3 had the highest, cluster weight, fruit diameter, length, volume and L/D ratio compared to ethephon, although pH and flesh firmness showed no differences between the treatments. None of treatments affected negatively the quality of the fruit in term of TSS. Using of GA3+Ethephon treatment significantly increased cluster weight, length, volume, L/D ratio and fresh weight in both cultivars. Ethephon had no significant effect on the fruit size, but promoted berry softening and its effect was different for studied quality parameters. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
40 - اثر اسید سالیسیلیک، اسید سیتریک و اسید آسکوربیک روی کیفیت پس از برداشت و عمر گلجای گل های بریده ژربرا
مونا مهدی خواه رسول انسی نژاد محمد نبی ایلکایی بهزاد کاویانیگل بریده ژربرا به آلودگی میکروبی حساس است و عمر گلجایی کوتاهی دارد. اثر اسید سالیسیلیک، اسید سیتریک و اسید آسکوربیک (50، 100 و 200 میلی­گرم بر لیتر) روی عمر گلجای گل­های ژربرا ارزیابی شد. تغییرات در عمر گلجای، جذب آب و جمعیت باکتریایی در ساقه و محلول گلجای، همچن Moreگل بریده ژربرا به آلودگی میکروبی حساس است و عمر گلجایی کوتاهی دارد. اثر اسید سالیسیلیک، اسید سیتریک و اسید آسکوربیک (50، 100 و 200 میلی­گرم بر لیتر) روی عمر گلجای گل­های ژربرا ارزیابی شد. تغییرات در عمر گلجای، جذب آب و جمعیت باکتریایی در ساقه و محلول گلجای، همچنین ویژگی­های بیوشیمیایی مانند غلظت پروتیین، سطح پراکسیده­شدن لیپید و فعالیت آنزیم­هایی نظیر سوپراکسید دیسموتاز و پراکسیداز اندازه­گیری شدند و با شاهد مورد مقایسه قرار گرفتند. نتایج نشان داد که بیشینه عمر گلجای (31/11 و 21/11 روز) به­ترتیب در 100 میلی­گرم بر لیتر هم اسید سیتریک و هم اسید سالیسیلیک به­دست آمد. عمر گلجایی گل­های شاخه­بریده شاهد 80/5 روز بود. بیشترین جذب محلول (907/0 میلی­لیتر بر گرم وزن تر) همچنین در 100 میلی­گرم بر لیتر اسید سیتریک به­دست آمد. کمترین کلنی باکتریایی در انتهای ساقه (151) و محلول گلجای (33/66) در 100 میلی­گرم بر لیتر اسید سیتریک به­دست آمد. تفاوت­ها بین میزان کلنی­های باکتریایی در محلول گلجای حاوی 200 میلی­گرم بر لیتر اسید سیتریک و 100 و 200 میلی­گرم بر لیتر اسید سالیسیلیک با 100 میلی­گرم بر لیتر اسید سیتریک معنی­دار نبود. کمترین مقدار (04/46 و 21/46 نانومول بر گرم وزن تر) پراکسیده­شدن لیپید (MDA) به­ترتیب از گل­های بریده تیمارشده با 200 میلی­گرم بر لیتر اسید سیتریک و 100 میلی­گرم بر لیتر اسید سالیسیلیک به­دست آمد. بیشینه فعالیت پراکسیداز (063/0 میلی­مول بر گرم وزن تر) و سوپراکسید دیسموتاز (80/40 نانو­مول بر گرم وزن تر) در 200 میلی­گرم بر لیتر اسید سیتریک مشاهده شد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
41 - اثرتیمار کوتاه مدت جیبرلیک اسید و تیمار ممتد ساکارز بر برخی ویژگیهای کیفی گل بریده رز رقم ’ولوت‘
زهرا احمدی رحیم نقشیبند حسنیهدف از انجام تحقیق حاضر ارزیابی بهتر ویژگ یهای کیفی و فیزیولوژیکی گل شاخبریده رز رقم ’ولوت‘ به دنبال انجام تیمار پالسی اسید جیبرلیک به عنوان یک عامل ضد پیری ونگهداری آن در محلول گلجایی حاوی ساکارز به عنوان منبع کربوهیدرات بود. آزمایش شامل40 و 60 ، تیمار پالس Moreهدف از انجام تحقیق حاضر ارزیابی بهتر ویژگ یهای کیفی و فیزیولوژیکی گل شاخبریده رز رقم ’ولوت‘ به دنبال انجام تیمار پالسی اسید جیبرلیک به عنوان یک عامل ضد پیری ونگهداری آن در محلول گلجایی حاوی ساکارز به عنوان منبع کربوهیدرات بود. آزمایش شامل40 و 60 ، تیمار پالسی گل شاخه بریده رقم مذکور با اسید جیبرلیک در غلظ تهای صفر، 20می لیگرم در لیتر به مدت 24 ساعت و نگهداری آ نها در محلول ساکارز در غلظ تهای صفر، 2 و3 درصد همرا با غلظت 250 می لیگرم در لیتر از ماده ضد میکروبی 8- هیدروک سیکینول ینسولفاتبود. این تحقیق به شکل آزمایش فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی با سه تکرار برای هرترکیب تیماری اجرا گردید. تیمار پالسی اسید جیبرلیک در هر سه غلظت به تنهایی موجبافزایش معن یدار عمر گلجایی شاخ هها نسبت به تیمار شاهد گردید و اثر این تیمار در افزایشعمر گلجایی به دنبال نگهداری در محلو لهای 2 و 3 درصد ساکارز بیشتر از تیمار شاهد بود.اثر تیمار پالسی جیبرلیک اسید در افزایش مقادیر وزن تر نسبی شاخه و جذب محلول به دنبالنگهداری شاخ هها در محلو لهای 2 و 3 درصد ساکارز تشدید شد. بالاترین میزان باز شدگی گلو رطوبت گلبرگ طی دوره عمر گلجایی در غلظت 60 می لیگرم در لیتر اسید جیبرلیک و 3 درصدساکارز که دارای بیشترین میزان شکوفایی گل و گلبر گهای درشت تر بودند مشاهده گردید.تیمار پالسی اسید جیبرلیک در هر سه غلظت به تنهایی و همراه با تیمار نگهداری ساکارز درهر دو غلظت موجب جلوگیری از روند تخریب کلروفیل در بر گهای شاخه در مقایسه با تیمارشاهد گردیدند. بطور کلی، تیمارپالسی اسید جیبرلیک در غلظت 40 می لیگرم در لیتر همراه بامحلول نگهداری ساکارز 2 درصد اثر معن یداری در بهبود عمر گلجایی و سایر ویژگ یهای کیفیگل شاخه بریده رز رقم ’ولوت‘ داشتند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
42 - Effect of magnetic field, culture medium and growth regulators on seed germination of Catharanthus roseus L.
Maryam Peyvandi Seyede Maryam Seyed Talebi Ahmad MajdCatharanthus roseus L., commonly known as the periwinkle, is one of the most important medicinal plants that included worthwhile alkaloids. The effect of the intensity and duration of magnetic field, medium strength and growth regulators were investigated on percentage MoreCatharanthus roseus L., commonly known as the periwinkle, is one of the most important medicinal plants that included worthwhile alkaloids. The effect of the intensity and duration of magnetic field, medium strength and growth regulators were investigated on percentage of seeds germination. Sterilized seeds were exposed to different intensities of magnetic field (1, 2, 4mT) daily for 15 minutes during a week or a month. Treated seeds were cultured in MS or 1/2 MS media supplemented with different hormone combinations. Results indicated that application of MF for one month period caused the decrease in seed germination. To Investigate the hormone combination effect, the MF treated seeds were cultured in 1/2 MS media supplemented with 2,4-D and kinetine. In the presence of 2,4-D, the percentage of germination, production and growth of callus were increased. In the culture medium containing 2iP or Kinetin, seedling growth was performed without callus formation. Kinetine increased the number of shoots in a seedling without induction of callus production. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
43 - Assessing the amount of biomass and alkaloids content in tissue culture of H. arachnoideus Pojark. under the effect of variations in NAA and carbon resources
Mahdis Ebrahimzade Mehri MehrabiTherapeutic effects of Hyoscyamus genus are attributed to its obtained different tropan alkaloids. Regarding these rare medicinal herbal species, tissue culture is of almost importance, as, it is possible to obtain optimal volumes of suitable secondary metabolite- produ MoreTherapeutic effects of Hyoscyamus genus are attributed to its obtained different tropan alkaloids. Regarding these rare medicinal herbal species, tissue culture is of almost importance, as, it is possible to obtain optimal volumes of suitable secondary metabolite- producing-tissues with alteration in their culture media. Present study, H.arachnoideus Pojark, was investigated. Three types of explants (leaf, root, and hypocotyls) derived from seedlings, were cultured on Murashige and Skoog’s medium supplemented with 3% sucrose, 0.75% (w/v) agar. We investigated the effect of two types of carbon sources (sucrose and monitol) on Murashige and Skoog’s medium supplemented with 3% sucrose and 0.75% (w/v) agar in two explants types ( leaf and root) of H.arachnoideus with four concentration levels of auxin naphthalene acetic acid(0, 0.5, 1, 2 mg/l), in compare with Murashige and Skoog’s medium supplemented with 3% sucrose, 0.75% (w/v) agar as control, In order to determine callus biomass and total alkaloid content. Our findings revealed the bilateral role of sucrose both as nutrient source and osmotic regulator factor, and also showed the positive effect of sucrose on callus biomass and total alkaloid content. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
44 - Study the Effect of Foliar Application of Various Methanol Concentrations on some Physiological and Yield Traits of Two Wheat Varieties
Zeynab Amiri Ghodratollah ShakaramiIn order to study the effect of foliar application of different levels of methanol on yield and physiological traits of two dry-land wheat varieties, an experiment was conducted as factorial based on completely randomized block design in 2014-2015 in Khorram Abad climat MoreIn order to study the effect of foliar application of different levels of methanol on yield and physiological traits of two dry-land wheat varieties, an experiment was conducted as factorial based on completely randomized block design in 2014-2015 in Khorram Abad climate conditions in research farm of Khorram Abad Agriculture Station. The experimental factors were: (M) Methanol foliar application (M1: distilled water (Control), M2: 10% (v/v) methanol, M3: 15% (v/v) methanol, M4: 20% (v/v) methanol, M5: 25% (v/v) methanol and M6: 30% (v/v) methanol); (V) wheat varieties (V1: Zagros, V2: Qaboos). Results showed that the effect of different levels of methanol foliar application on SPAD index and relative water content was significant and highest amount of these traits obtained in 20% methanol and 25% methanol resulted to highest biological and grain yield but methanol application had no significant impact on protein content. Highest leaf area, biological yield and grain yield obtained in Qaboos variety and highest protein content observed in Zagros variety. It appears that foliar application of methanol resulted to decrease in photo-respiration and increasing accessibility of carbon resulted from methanol degradation and Qaboos variety produced more grain yield and vegetative growth due to higher adaptability with growth medium conditions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
45 - Effect of shoot application of Salicylic acid on some growth parameres and yield of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) under water stress
Afsoon Tayebi Farhad Farahvash Bahram Mirshekari Alireza Tari-nejad Mehrdad YarniaIn order to evaluate the effect of salycilic acid on some reproductive and yield of safflower under drought stress an experiment was conducted in 2015 at research farm of Islamic Azad University of Tabriz in form of split plot based on randomized complete block design w MoreIn order to evaluate the effect of salycilic acid on some reproductive and yield of safflower under drought stress an experiment was conducted in 2015 at research farm of Islamic Azad University of Tabriz in form of split plot based on randomized complete block design with three replications. The main factor included water stress (S) at two levels of evaporation (70 and 140 mm) from the surface of Class A basin. Post-establishment irrigation (the 4 leaves stage) was applied until the physiological maturity figures were obtained. The first sub-factor included salicylic acid in 3 control levels (distilled water spraying), spraying with concentrations of 100 and 200 mg per liter. The second sub-factor included local safflower of Isfahan and the Isfahan (Goldasht) cultivars. In general, the results showed that although in drought conditions negative effect on grain yield with consuming salycilic acid decreased, but the use of small amounts (concentration of 100 mg/ l) can be somewhat alleviated the negative effects of stress on plant growth. As for interactions, the interaction between water stress and variety on number of branches, numbers of seeds per plant and seed yield were significant. The.highest number of brances, number of seed in plant and seed yield obtained from 70 mm irrigation and glodasht. Therefore, this variety had better and more effective defence system than the local variety and was tolrerance to drought stress. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
46 - Effect of abscisic acid on seed germination, callus culture and somatic embryogenesis of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) genotypes under salinity stress
Ali-Ashraf Mehrabi Mansoor Omidi Badredin Tabatabaei زینب صفریSalinity is the one of the most important factors that limited growth and yield of crops. This study was developed to evaluate effects of abscisic acid (ABA) on seed germination, seedling growth and hypocotyl culture of rapeseed (Canola) genotypes at different levels of MoreSalinity is the one of the most important factors that limited growth and yield of crops. This study was developed to evaluate effects of abscisic acid (ABA) on seed germination, seedling growth and hypocotyl culture of rapeseed (Canola) genotypes at different levels of salinity. The research was arranged as a factorial experiment in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Genotypes at three levels, salinity at four levels and three levels of ABA were tested in this experiment. In a separate experiment hypocotyl explants were cultured in MS medium complimented with 2 mg lit-1 BAP (6-Benzylaminopurine) and 1 mg lit-1 NAA (Naphthalene acetic acid), under salinity and ABA treatments that mentioned in germination test. In separate consideration of ABA and salinity effects, both treatments were inhibited seed germination, seedling growth, callus induction and calli growth in all genotypes. The significant interactions between two factors indicated that genotypes had different responses to salinity in different concentrations of ABA. Most of germination traits that evaluated under different levels of ABA and salt stress differences were significant at 1% probability level. So that seeds had higher germination rate in 10 µmol/L ABA than 5µmol/L ABA in saline environments. In low levels of salinity (60, 120 mmol/L), callus induction and calli growth were performed more efficient using 5µmol/L ABA in comparison with no ABA treatment (at 1% probability level). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
47 - Effect of foliar application of ascorbic acid and methanol on dry matter accumulation and yield of soybean cultivars (DPX) under water deficit conditions
N. Ghanbari Tilami H. Abasspour M. Baradaran Firouz AabadyToday, the use of plant growth regulators to reduce the negative impacts of stress has been proposed. Ascorbic acid and methanol as these materials can cause stress tolerance in plants. In 1391, in order to examine this issue in soybean, a split factorial experiment was MoreToday, the use of plant growth regulators to reduce the negative impacts of stress has been proposed. Ascorbic acid and methanol as these materials can cause stress tolerance in plants. In 1391, in order to examine this issue in soybean, a split factorial experiment was done in a randomized complete block design with three replications at the Agricultural Research Center of shahrood. The main factor included 2 levels of irrigation (8 days and 16 days) and sub factors included three levels of foliar application of ascorbic acid (zero, 10 and 20 mM), and methanol (zero, 10 and 20% by volume). Results showed that the effect of foliar application of ascorbic acid and methanol on plant dry weight was significant. By increasing concentrations of ascorbic acid and methanol, their value increased. Combination of 20% by volume of methanol and 20 mM ascorbic acid increased concentrations of methanol and ascorbic acid and number of seeds per pod. Treatment combination of 20% by volume of methanol and 20 mM ascorbic acid, under irrigation in 8 days increased 70/105 percent oil yield relative to control plants. Maximum protein yield with 12/116 kg ha was related to treatment combination of 20 Mm ascorbic acid and 20% methanol by volume under irrigation in 8 days. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
48 - Evaluation of different level of cholromeqat cholorid (CCC) and plant density on lodging control in bread wheat
محمد Sadeghi H.R. MiriIncreasing plant density with the purpose of yield increasing, sometimes increases lodging in wheat that decreases photosynthesis and yield. A field experiment in factorial based on complete randomized block design was conducted in Agricultural Research Station of Zarga MoreIncreasing plant density with the purpose of yield increasing, sometimes increases lodging in wheat that decreases photosynthesis and yield. A field experiment in factorial based on complete randomized block design was conducted in Agricultural Research Station of Zargan (Fars, Iran) to evaluate the effects of plant density and chlormequat chloride (CCC) on wheat lodging. The first factor was four plant densities (200, 300, 400 and 500 plants/m2) and the second factor was three chlormequat chloride concentrations (0, 1000 and 3000g/ha). The results indicated that the effect of plant density was significant (p<0.05). Increasing plant density up to 500 increased lodging but the effect of different levels of CCC on lodging was not significant. However, the interaction of the two factors caused significant changes on lodging. The result also indicated that plant density had a significant effect on dry matter, photosynthesis (pre and post anthesis) and grain yield but no effect on other characteristics. CCC had significant effects on dry weight, photosynthesis (post anthesis) and the interaction effect of CCC and plant density (400 plant /m2) and 3000 g CCC had the highest grain yield and lowest lodging. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
49 - The Effects of Foliar Application of Salicylic Acid and Ascorbic Acid on Morpho-Physiological Traits of Pistachio Seedlings under Drought Stress
Elham Ebrahimpour Bahman Panahi Alireza Talaie Iraj Tavassolian -
Open Access Article
50 - The Interaction Effects of Boron and Plant Growth Regulators on Pollen Germination of Almond
Z. Samiee Rad A. Imani M. Salmani -
Open Access Article
51 - The Effects of Spermine and Salicylic Acid on Pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) Cultivars (Badami and Qazvini) under Copper Stress
M.R. salarizadeh S. Saeidisar H. Abbaspour H. Hokmabadi -
Open Access Article
52 - Effect of Trinexapac-Ethyl Growth Inhibitor and Drought Stress on Some Morpho-Physiological Traits of Wheatgrass (Agropyron cristatum L.)
Hengameh Vakili Ramezan Hossein Ali Asadi-Gharneh Nematollah Etemadi -
Open Access Article
53 - In Vitro Callogenesis and Regeneration of Cucumber Plants from Hypocotyl and Cotyledon
ABOUZAR ASADI -
Open Access Article
54 - Effect of growth regulators on callus induction in Quince (Cydonia oblonga Mill.)
elham faezi Mansoor omidi parisa abdollahiThe plant is quince known as a medicinal plant. In vitro and induction of callus from different species of this plant are important and sensitive stages. In the present study, the ability of callusing and direct regeneration in callus medium in explants and various grow MoreThe plant is quince known as a medicinal plant. In vitro and induction of callus from different species of this plant are important and sensitive stages. In the present study, the ability of callusing and direct regeneration in callus medium in explants and various growth regulators were evaluated. From different parts of leaf, stems, meristem, leaf tail and callus were prepared Callus buds on the stem quince. For making callus formation used the MS medium containing three levels of 1, 2 and 4 mg / L of 2,4-D hormone and 0.1, 0.2 and 1 mg / L BAP hormone, each of growth regulators was studied as a factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with three replications on MS medium. The results of the comparison showed that the highest amount of calluses in the first culture medium belonged to the cultivar of callus buds (on woody stem) at 4 mg / L 2,4-D concentration was 19.5 mm and at 1 mg / L BAP concentration was 27.5 mm in the callus bud (on a wooden stem) Also, the highest amount of calluses in the second order was attributed to the meristem extract at 0.1 mg / L BAP concentration was 32 mm and at 1 mg / L 2,4-D concentration was 23mm belonging to the callus bud (on the Wooden stem). Direct regeneration was observed in meristem, stem and leaf. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
55 - Optimization of in vitro propagation of jujube (Ziziphus jujuba) cultivar Tian-yuzao
Seyedehsara Mousavi Pezhman Moradi Seied Mehdi MiriAbstract Jujube tree is one of the most important medicinal plants. The propagation of this plant is low using seed and sucker, therefore, by applying the micropropgation technique, the amount of propagation can be considerably increased. In order to study the effect of MoreAbstract Jujube tree is one of the most important medicinal plants. The propagation of this plant is low using seed and sucker, therefore, by applying the micropropgation technique, the amount of propagation can be considerably increased. In order to study the effect of culture media and growth regulators on proliferation and rooting of jujube cultivar Tian-yuzao, this experiment was conducted as a factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with four replications. For proliferation, MS and WPM culture media supplemented with 0, 0.1, 0.5, 1 and 2 mg.l-1 BA (benzyladenine), and for rooting, the mentioned culture media containing 0, 1, 5 and 10 mg.l-1 IBA (indole-butyric acid) were used. Based on the results of analysis of variance, there was no significant difference between MS and WPM for proliferation and rooting traits. The results of the mean comparison showed that the highest percentage of proliferation (73-76%) and number of shoots (3.1-3) were obtained in medium containing 1 and 2 mg.l-1 BA, but the maximum shoot length (74 mm), fresh weight (296 mg) and dry weight (44 mg) were observed in media supplemented with 1 mg.l-1. Rooting percentage, number of root and root length of all media containing IBA were not significantly different but showed significant increase compared to control. Adaptation results showed that over 87% of plantlets survived in the bed of clay: peat: vermiculite: perlite (1:1:1:1). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
56 - Optimization of callus induction in balck seed (Nigella sativa L)
sahar gharekhani parisa abdollahi Mansoor omidiBlack seed is one of the most important medicinal plant in the family Alaleh. This plant content of different medicinal compounds which is used to produce a variety of medications for the treatment of diseases. According to the value of the medications of this plant, li MoreBlack seed is one of the most important medicinal plant in the family Alaleh. This plant content of different medicinal compounds which is used to produce a variety of medications for the treatment of diseases. According to the value of the medications of this plant, limited studies have been done on tissue culture. In the present study, the rate of callus induction was provided of leaf, meristem and shoot of black seed on medium culture MS containing of growth regulator BAP and 2,4-D, respectively in three levels of 1, 2 and 4 mg/l of 2,4-D hormone and 0.1, 0.2 and 1 mg/l of BAP hormone was investigated. Each of growth regulator was studied as a factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with three replications on MS medium. After each subculture period traits fresh weight and dry weight were measured. The result of analysis of variance showed that interaction of growth regulators and explant for the studied traits first and second subculture were significant. The result of comparison of mean showed that the best treatment in first and second subculture BAP hormone belongs to leaf explant in concentration 1 mg/1 were fresh weight 0.266 and 0.224 g respectively. In growth regulator 2.4-D was observed the best treatment belongs to leaf explant in concentration 4 mg/l were fresh weight 0.233 and 0.766 g respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
57 - Studying the priming impact with distilled water and salicylic acid on the enzymatic anti-oxidant and the infusion of hemp germination
شيرين کربلای قلیزاده tooraj mir-mahmoodi نبي خليلي اقدمSalicylic acid has significant role in the different stages of plant development ( phenology ). This molecular messenger plays an active role in the plant's defensive response. To elaborate this, studying morpho-physiologic and biochemical, salicylic acid priming ( SA ) MoreSalicylic acid has significant role in the different stages of plant development ( phenology ). This molecular messenger plays an active role in the plant's defensive response. To elaborate this, studying morpho-physiologic and biochemical, salicylic acid priming ( SA ) impacts in 6 levels ( 500, 750, 1000, 1250, 1500, and 1750 micromullar per litre )together with hydro-priming and control on the hemp seeds in the complete random blocks in 4 replications in the laboratory and greenhouse setting was designed and carried out. The results indicated the meaningful impact of the priming seeds of the hemp, with SA and distilled water on the antioxidant ( CAT, POD ), the significant indexes of germination ( P<0.05 ), and biologic yield of ( P<0.05 ). With the increase of the levels SA, biological yield had ascending process, and in the highest SA level, it showed 43 percent increase in relation to control. Therefore the usage of external SA increased the germination, better establishment of plantlet and improvement of significant indexes in plant physiology specifically in the primary stages of growth which had influence on the biological yield of the plant. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
58 - The effect of foliar application of vermicompost tea on morphological traits of Jimsonweed (Datura stramonium L.)
Hassan Nourafcan Zahra Mahmoudirad Mahtab PouyanfarBecause of the importance of medicinal plants cultivation with organic manner and the advantages of biological fertilizers, the experiment was conducted based on completely randomized design with three replications in pot condition using three times at 10 days interval MoreBecause of the importance of medicinal plants cultivation with organic manner and the advantages of biological fertilizers, the experiment was conducted based on completely randomized design with three replications in pot condition using three times at 10 days interval with foliar application of concentrations of 25, 50 and 100% vermicompost tea. Two weeks after the last spraying, canopy diameter, plant height, crown diameter, root length, node number, distance between the first node from the crown, leaf number, leaf length, leaf width, leaf fresh weight, shoot fresh weight, root fresh weight, plant fresh weight, leaf dry weight, shoot dry weight, root dry weight and plant dry weight were measured. The growth indices increased with increasing of concentration of vermicompost tea so that vermicompost tea 50% showed higher plant height, leaf number and plant dry weight. Vermicompost tea 100% treatment was the highest amount of root length, width and height of the leaf, stem fresh and dry weight, root fresh and dry weight. Vermicompost tea may have a positive effect on growth indices related to the ability of nitrogen uptake by plants or growth hormones effect of earthworms on vermicompost tea. Given the pace of the transfer of nutrients from the leaves to the different plant parts, spraying bio- fertilizers alone or in combination with chemical fertilizers can education in the cultivation of medicinal plants recommended less use of chemicals occurs, have a positive effect. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
59 - Cycocel foliar application effect on alleviation of drought stress consequences on growth traits of barley cv. Kavir in Khorafarin, Iran
Ahmad Afkari Hamid GhaffariApplication of plant growth regulators is one of the most important methods to reduce the effects of drought stress to obtain suitable growth under water deficit conditions. The currecnt research objective is investigat the effect of cycocel foliar application on allevi MoreApplication of plant growth regulators is one of the most important methods to reduce the effects of drought stress to obtain suitable growth under water deficit conditions. The currecnt research objective is investigat the effect of cycocel foliar application on alleviation of drought stress concequences on growth traits of barley cv. Kavir .The experiment was conducted as factorial in randomized complete block design with four replications. The experiment treatments included cycocel with concentrations of 500, 1000, 1500 mg/L, drought stress at three levels of normal irrigation, irrigation cut-off in stemming and flowering stage. Drought stress negatively affected all evaluated traits. Cycocel application under drought stress significantly increased yield and yield components and reduced plant height. Foliar application with 1500 mg/L concentration of cycocel caused the plant to be subjected to drought stress. Applying 1500 mg/L cycocel can be recommended to reach optimum grain yield of barley cv. Kavir subjected in drought stress. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
60 - Effect of IAA and BAP on morphophysiological traits of lemon balm
Mahsa Valiyari Hassan NourafcanTo investigate the effect of indole acetic acid (IAA) and benzyl amino purine (BAP) on morphological and physiological traits of lemon balm, an experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications in farm condition at Namin county, Arde MoreTo investigate the effect of indole acetic acid (IAA) and benzyl amino purine (BAP) on morphological and physiological traits of lemon balm, an experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications in farm condition at Namin county, Ardebil province, Iran. Spraying was done using IAA and BAP in the rates of 100, 200 and 300 ppm. Application of IAA and BAP promoted plant height and branches length. However, the branches length was increased in low IAA concentrations. Leaf chlorophyll content was in maximum at 300 ppm of BAP and 100 ppm of IAA. Application of IAA increased canopy diameter. More IAA concentrations increased shadow diameter. Increasing in IAA concentrations caused reduction in node number. Number of lateral shoots increased in high concentration of BAP in addition, more plant biomass was produced in high concentrations of BAP and IAA. Foliar application of BAP caused increasing in number of leaf comparing IAA. Therefore, application of IAA and BAP can be considered as an appropriate option to improve yield in lemon balm. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
61 - The effect of salicylic acid foliar spraying on morphophysiological characteristics of common mallow and Moldavian balm
Hassan Nourafcan Afsaneh MahboubiSalicylic acid has an important role in some plant physiological processes as a plant growth regulator. In current study, the effect of salicylic acid on morphological and physiological traits of common mallow and Moldavian balm was studied based on completely randomize MoreSalicylic acid has an important role in some plant physiological processes as a plant growth regulator. In current study, the effect of salicylic acid on morphological and physiological traits of common mallow and Moldavian balm was studied based on completely randomized block design in farm condition at Bostanabad county, Iran. Plantlets were sprayed by 0, 150 and 300 mg/L salicylic acid two month after planting and two weeks after. In flowering stage, the plant height, stem, root and internode length, leaf, root and lateral roots number, dry and fresh weight of stem, root and leaf, dry matter percentage of root, stem and leaf and also chlorophyll content were recorded. Salicylic acid spraying improved all common mallow traits but root number and length. In Moldavian balm, salicylic acid application increased all traits. However, it decreased root and stem dry matter percentage and had no effect on root number and length. Also, 300 mg/L of salicylic acid was more effective than 150 mg/L in common mallow traits except dry leaf weight and root dry matter percentage and in Moldavian balm expect length internode. Thus, foliar spraying of salicylic acid can be recommended for as a simple and economical method for yield and growth indices improvement of common mallow and Moldavian balm. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
62 - Effects of proline foliar application on alleviation of water deficit in German chamomile
Hakimeh Darvizheh Mohsen ZavarehWater deficit stress is one of the most important abiotic stresses that seriously leads to plant production decrement. Several strategies have been proposed to alleviate of cellular damage caused by water deficit stress and also to improve plant tolerance against water MoreWater deficit stress is one of the most important abiotic stresses that seriously leads to plant production decrement. Several strategies have been proposed to alleviate of cellular damage caused by water deficit stress and also to improve plant tolerance against water deficit .The study was conducted as factorial experiment based on completely randomized design with three replications in Guilan University. Treatments included proline spraying in two concentrations of 50 and 100 mg/L, and irrigation after 0, 25, 50 and 75% depletion of FC level in stem elongation stage. Water deficit resulted in increase of proline content and catalase but decrease of morphological traits. Proline application had significant impact on all traits under water stress conditions. The foliar application of 100 mg/L proline resulted to improvement of growth and alleviate of water stress damages. On the whole, application of 100 mg/L proline would be recommendable to reach the maximum yield of German chamomile in various water deficit circumstances. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
63 - Effect of salicylic acid on improving morpho-physiological traits of basil under salinity stress
Hassan Nourafcan Farinaz AngootiSalinity is one of the most important and common environmental stresses on plants. On the other hand, salicylic acid is effective as a plant growth regulator on inducing mechanisms in plant resistance enhancment against biotic and abiotic stresses. Apot experiment was c MoreSalinity is one of the most important and common environmental stresses on plants. On the other hand, salicylic acid is effective as a plant growth regulator on inducing mechanisms in plant resistance enhancment against biotic and abiotic stresses. Apot experiment was conducted as factorial based on completely randomized design to evaluate the effect of salicylic acid on improving morpho-physiological indices of basil under salt stress. Seedlings with six to eight leaves were sprayed by salicylic acid at concentrations of 0.1, 0.5 and 1 mM before salinity stress application and continued for three weeks. The salinity stresses were applied by irrigation of plants with saline solutions at concentrations of 20, 40 and 80 mM of sodium chloride. At flowering stage, plant height, stem diameter, leaf length and width, leaf and inflorescence number, leaf, stem, and root fresh and dry weight, the longest inflorescence and root and internode length, stem node number, leaf, stemç and root dry weight percentage, leaf electrolyte leakage, relative humidity, leaf chlorophyll index, leaf area indexç and special leaf area were measured. Salinity stress reduced leaf length and width, leaf area index, branch nodes number, stem diameter, root fresh and dry weight, stem dry weight, special leaf area and increased leaf electrolyte leakage and leaf number. In contrast, using salicylic acid was effective in reducing of the adverse impacts of salinity stress in most of the traits. Also, salicylic acid spraying had more compensatory effect on salinity stress at concentrations of 0.1 and 0.5 mM. Therefore, salicylic acid spraying can be recommended as a contsructive approach to prevent adverse impacts in basil under salinity stress conditions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
64 - Effect of indole acetic acid and benzyl amino purine on growth indices of evening primrose
Yaghoub Mikaeili Hassan Nourafcan Jalil AjalliPlant growth regulators effect on plants by different ways regulating their growth and development. Auxins and cytokinins are usually known to be stimulator for cell division and differentiation and plant organ development. The current study has been carried out to inve MorePlant growth regulators effect on plants by different ways regulating their growth and development. Auxins and cytokinins are usually known to be stimulator for cell division and differentiation and plant organ development. The current study has been carried out to investigate the effect of foliar spraying of indole acetic acid (IAA) and benzyl amino purine (BAP) in concentrations of 100, 200, and 300 mg/L based on completely randomized design on evening primrose as a pot experiment. Spraying with both plant hormones especially BAP could be positively efficient on most of evaluated traits improvement. Higher concentrations were more effective on plant growth indices. The improving effect of BAP on aerial organs growth was more conspicuous; however, IAA was more effective on underground part. Therefore, to improve evening primrose growth, spraying with 300 mg/L of BAP or IAA would be recommendable. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
65 - Study the effect of artificial salinity stress due to the application of seed priming with acetic acid and sodium hydroxide on growth indicators of cumin plant
Abbas Sheibanian Mitra ZabelizadehAbstract:In order to investigate the effect of salinity stress, seed priming and foliar spraying with acetic acid and sodium hydroxide on the agronomic characteristics of cumin, an experiment was carried out in the research farm of the Jihad Agricultural Management of D MoreAbstract:In order to investigate the effect of salinity stress, seed priming and foliar spraying with acetic acid and sodium hydroxide on the agronomic characteristics of cumin, an experiment was carried out in the research farm of the Jihad Agricultural Management of Dana town in the form of a split plot in the form of a randomized complete block design and in three replications. experimental treatments include irrigation at three levels (7 days, 10 days and 14 days) as the main factor and priming treatment at five levels (control, 0.5 mM acetic acid mal seed, foliar spraying of sodium hydroxide 2 per thousand, seeds of acetic acid + 0.5 mM acetic acid foliar spray) were as secondary factors. At the end of the growing season, the traits of total dry weight, number of seeds per pod, weight of 1000 seeds, biological yield, seed yield and harvest index were calculated. The results showed that salinity stress had a significant effect on all investigated traits. The highest average in the traits was obtained from the 7-day irrigation cycle. The effect of seed priming on all measured traits was significant. The highest average yield was obtained from the treatment of acetic acid + foliar application of acetic acid. Acetic acid was able to reduce the effect of salinity stress on plant growth under stress conditions.Abstract: In order to investigate the effect of salinity stress, seed priming and foliar spraying with acetic acid and sodium hydroxide on the agronomic characteristics of cumin, an experiment was carried out in the research farm of the Jihad Agricultural Management of Dana town in the form of a split plot in the form of a randomized complete block design and in three replications. experimental treatments include irrigation at three levels (7 days, 10 days and 14 days) as the main factor and priming treatment at five levels (control, 0.5 mM acetic acid mal seed, foliar spraying of sodium hydroxide 2 per thousand, seeds of acetic acid + 0.5 mM acetic acid foliar spray) were as secondary factors. At the end of the growing season, the traits of total dry weight, number of seeds per pod, weight of 1000 seeds, biological yield, seed yield and harvest index were calculated. The results showed that salinity stress had a significant effect on all investigated traits. The highest average in the traits was obtained from the 7-day irrigation cycle. The effect of seed priming on all measured traits was significant. The highest average yield was obtained from the treatment of acetic acid + foliar application of acetic acid. Acetic acid was able to reduce the effect of salinity stress on plant growth under stress conditions.Abstract:In order to investigate the effect of salinity stress, seed priming and foliar spraying with acetic acid and sodium hydroxide on the agronomic characteristics of cumin, an experiment was carried out in the research farm of the Jihad Agricultural Management of Dana town in the form of a split plot in the form of a randomized complete block design and in three replications. experimental treatments include irrigation at three levels (7 days, 10 days and 14 days) as the main factor and priming treatment at five levels (control, 0.5 mM acetic acid mal seed, foliar spraying of sodium hydroxide 2 per thousand, seeds of acetic acid + 0.5 mM acetic acid foliar spray) were as secondary factors. At the end of the growing season, the traits of total dry weight, number of seeds per pod, weight of 1000 seeds, biological yield, seed yield and harvest index were calculated. The results showed that salinity stress had a significant effect on all investigated traits. The highest average in the traits was obtained from the 7-day irrigation cycle. The effect of seed priming on all measured traits was significant. The highest average yield was obtained from the treatment of acetic acid + foliar application of acetic acid. Acetic acid was able to reduce the effect of salinity stress on plant growth under stress conditions. Manuscript profile
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