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Open Access Article
1 - Livelihood Assessment of the Fish Farmers Converted from Agricultural Farming in Selected Areas of Mymensingh District, Bangladesh
Touhidur Rahman Asad Uzzaman Shahali Shahana Mitul Mojurul Islam Limon Deb -
Open Access Article
2 - The Role of Social Factors in Production of Canola in Qazvin Province
S. J. F. Hosseini H. Haji Maleki -
Open Access Article
3 - Factors Influencing the Adoption of Biological Control of Rice stem borer (Chilo Suppressalis) in Talesh Region, Iran
S. A. Noorhosseini M. S. Allahyari M. S. Sabouri -
Open Access Article
4 - Identifying the consequences and preconditions of ranger farmers' participation in the implementation of rangeland plans in Guilan province
Mahnaz Mirakhorli Seyed Akbar Javadi Hossein ArzaniManagement The last decade of the twentieth century has come to an end while human society has been heavily involved in environmental problems and its dangers. One of the most important environmental challenges of the last two decades is the loss of the country's rangel MoreManagement The last decade of the twentieth century has come to an end while human society has been heavily involved in environmental problems and its dangers. One of the most important environmental challenges of the last two decades is the loss of the country's rangelands. Rangelands are important because they constitute an important part of renewable resources and still depend on the lives of a significant number of humans and animals. The statistical population of this study is rangeland owners in Guilan province. The total number of rangelands in Guilan province that have rangeland management plans is equal to 6 rangelands. The sample is equal to 5 rangeland owners. The data collection tool in this research is a questionnaire and to test the research hypotheses, confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling with partial least squares approach have been used. The result of the research indicates the positive and significant effect of economic, social, psychological, attitudinal and educational factors on the participation of rangeland owners in the implementation of rangeland management projects. Also, the effect of ranchers 'participation in the implementation of rangeland management projects on rangeland health, increasing livestock production and farmers' satisfaction was positive and significant. Livestock and rangeland balance is one of the most important factors in the destruction of rangelands in Guilan, and until this issue is resolved, all efforts and measures to manage, improve and rehabilitate rangelands are useless or very ineffective. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Globalization and structural changes in rural society
Mansour Vosoughi Ali Imani Ali Kazemi -
Open Access Article
6 - identify the challenges of micro and peasant exploitation system
mansor mojaver baghche solieman Rasouliazar loghman rashiedpourThe purpose of this research was to Investigation and analysing the challenges of Micro and Peasant systems in West Azerbaijan Province. Their average land area is less than twenty hectares and their number of farm was scattered between five and twelve sector. By using MoreThe purpose of this research was to Investigation and analysing the challenges of Micro and Peasant systems in West Azerbaijan Province. Their average land area is less than twenty hectares and their number of farm was scattered between five and twelve sector. By using the Krejcie Morgan table, 384 individuals were selected as sample size. And proportional assignment using cluster sampling method was used for selection sample. Questionnaire was used for data collection; the validity of the research instrument was confirmed by the panel of related professors and experts who have specialist at this subject. The reliability of the questionnaire was assessed by Cronbach's alpha 0.732. SPSS software was used for data analysis. Factor analysis results showed that the most important challenges in micro and peasant systems in West Azarbaijan province were summarized and categorized into seven factors. These seven factors could account 66.2% of the challenge of micro and peasant systems in West Azerbaijan province. The most important challenge was the economic factor, which included increases in the cost of renting land and agricultural equipment, increased input costs, a slight increase in the prices of agricultural products, and a shortage of agricultural financial and credit institutions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Determining the model of factors affecting the adaptability of wheat farmers in mehran city in exposure to the particulate matter
mohammad sharifi alireza poursaed hamed chaharsoughi amin marjan vahediThe purpose of this study was to design an adaptive capacity model of wheat farmers in Mehran city in confronting with particulate matter and its effective factors. The statistical population included wheat farmers in Mehran city including 315 people for 14,500 hectares MoreThe purpose of this study was to design an adaptive capacity model of wheat farmers in Mehran city in confronting with particulate matter and its effective factors. The statistical population included wheat farmers in Mehran city including 315 people for 14,500 hectares of wheat lands. The sample size was estimated 173 of wheat farmers using the Cochran formula which increased to 180 to enhance the accuracy of the calculation. The random sampling method was used. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS and AMOS software. Bootstraping technique was used to evaluate the significance of path coefficients. Educational-extension mechanism (path coefficient = 0.446 and t-value = 3.409) and agronomic mechanism (path coefficient = 0.428 and t-value = 2.470) show a significant effect on adaptation to fine dust phenomenon have given. While the effect of managerial mechanism (path coefficient = 0.153 and t-value = 1.391), technical mechanism (path coefficient = 0.118 and t-value = 0.637) in this regard was not significant. Factors such as lack or lack of awareness, education and communication and extension weakness, conducting research without considering the adaptation and needs assessment and not simplifying their results for farmers, not considering the required credit and capital, not paying attention to adaptation to the phenomenon of fine dust. As a necessity, the lack of infrastructure to pave the way for implementation of activities compatible with the phenomenon of fine dust and the disproportionate tariffs for agricultural insurance can play a significant role in the non-significance of these mechanisms. However, the structure of adaptation to the fine dust phenomenon directly and the mechanisms related to it indirectly had very significant and significant effects on the adaptability. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Analysis of Relationship between Ethics Norms, Knowledge and Water Conservation Behavior among Fatmers of Halil Rood Watershed in Jiroft County
Rezvan Mehni Raftar امیر نعیمی Rouhallah Rezaei Younes KhosraviThe purpose of this descriptive study was to analyzing relationship between ethics norms, knowledge and water conservation behavior. The statistical population consisted of farmers of Halil Rood watershed located at Jiroft county (N=2601) that 339 farmers were studied u MoreThe purpose of this descriptive study was to analyzing relationship between ethics norms, knowledge and water conservation behavior. The statistical population consisted of farmers of Halil Rood watershed located at Jiroft county (N=2601) that 339 farmers were studied using Krejcie and Morgan and proportional stratified random sampling method. Face and content validity of questionnaire were confirmed a by panel of experts and its reliability was approved with calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient (0.71-0.79). Descriptive statistics results showed that frequency distribution of the three studied variables (water conservation behavior, ethics norms, knowledge) were at medium level. Correlation analysis findings showed that variables such as: ethics norms, knowledge of storage and preservation and knowledge of reduce water evaporation had significant and positive correlation with water conservation behavior of farmers. Results of linear regression by stepwise method showed that ethics norms and knowledge of storage and preservation explained about 66 percent of the variability of water conservation behavior among farmers Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Analyzing the challenges of the grape value chain: A case study in the West Azarbaijan province
سیده شیرین گلباز Esmail Karamidehkordi Mohammadreza AsghariCapacity development of agricultural products value chain can increase agricultural productivity and incomes. This requires updated knowledge and innovations. Farmers in developing countries face various challenges in the process of pre, during, and post-production of a MoreCapacity development of agricultural products value chain can increase agricultural productivity and incomes. This requires updated knowledge and innovations. Farmers in developing countries face various challenges in the process of pre, during, and post-production of agricultural products. This study examined the challenges of the grape production value chain in the West Azerbaijan Province. This study used a qualitative approach through the grounded theory methodology. Data were collected through semi-structured face-to-face interviews with the Agricultural Jihad Organization speceilaists; agricultural extension agents; researchers from the provincial Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center; and grape producers in the West Azerbaijan Province, who were selected through the purposeful sampling technique. The qualitative data analysis was conducted using MAXQDA software version 12. The main challenges in the pre, during and post-production phases were related to institutional, social, human and financial issues, natural crises, lack of knowledge, farming systems challenges, and physical, technological and infrastructural obstacles. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - The Study of Challenges of Rice Value Chain in Mazandaran Province from the View Point of Farmers (Case Study: Darkola and PanbeChole Village)
Gholamreza rayatpanah Gholamreza Mojarradi Esmail Karamidehkordi Bahman Amiri LarijaniFocusing the value chain of products is one of the most important new approaches in agricultural development. Nevertheless, very a few researches related to the rice value chain across the country have been done , especially in the Mazandaran province, where it is consi MoreFocusing the value chain of products is one of the most important new approaches in agricultural development. Nevertheless, very a few researches related to the rice value chain across the country have been done , especially in the Mazandaran province, where it is considered as the most important producer of rice. Therefore, the main goal of this research was to the study of challenges of rice value chain from the view point of farmers. This is an applied research which needed data collected through systematic literature review and survey method. In qualitative part of research, inductive analysis method applied as a guide for data collection and analysis. The target population consisted of active paddy farmers which 15 out of them purposefully selected as a sample. For data collection, field observations and in-depth interviews used in the framework of the focus group. The validity of the findings was also confirmed by the triangulation process. The research finding indicated that the region's rice value chain face many challenges in the pre-production, production and post-production process. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Analyzing extension- education methods about combating the drought in agricultural sector: a case study in Hamedan County
Mariam Yosefi Mohamadi Reza Movahedi Heshmatollah SaadiThe purpose of this study was to investigate the extension methods about combating the drought in agricultural sector from the view points of the agricultural experts and farmers in Hamedan. The research was an applied research on the basis of the purpose, and it was a MoreThe purpose of this study was to investigate the extension methods about combating the drought in agricultural sector from the view points of the agricultural experts and farmers in Hamedan. The research was an applied research on the basis of the purpose, and it was a surveying study in terms of data gathering. Data were gathered through a questionnaire tool. The study population included both 8443 farmers and 135 agricultural experts from Hamedan County in 2020. Of those 367 farmers and 100 agricultural experts were selected by using Cochran's formula respectively. Validity of the questionnaire (face validity) was confirmed by the agricultural extension professors from Bu-Ali Sina University. To evaluate the reliability of the research instrument, Cronbach's alpha was used during a pre-test and it was 0.94 for the research' questions (extension education methods). The results showed that the most important extension methods to control drought which agreed with both farmers and experts were: training by local leaders, visiting demonstration farms, use advisory services. The results also showed that according to factor analysis of the farmers' views, extension methods to combat drought can be summarized in 4 groups including: extension and advisory services, transfer information by local communities, people and magazines, training with local leaders and councils, watching extension films and visiting extension agents. According to factor analysis of the experts' views, extension methods to combat drought can be summarized in 4 categories, which are: visit tours, using extension publications, using information networks, using cooperatives, village municipality and councils' capacities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - Factors affecting livelihood diversity of farmers with wells in the Zanjan township
Vahid Mohammadi jafar yaghoubiRural areas and the agricultural sector are facing various risks that affect people's livelihoods; therefore, livelihood diversity is necessary. The aim of this research was to identify the factors affecting the livelihood diversity of farmers with water wells in Z MoreRural areas and the agricultural sector are facing various risks that affect people's livelihoods; therefore, livelihood diversity is necessary. The aim of this research was to identify the factors affecting the livelihood diversity of farmers with water wells in Zanjan township. The statistical population of the research was farmers with water wells in Zanjan township (N = 8017); using Cochran's formula, 367 people were selected as a sample by the cluster sampling method. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire, whose validity was confirmed by researchers in the field of livelihood diversity and its reliability through the calculation of Cronbach's alpha coefficient (α = 0.97–0.94). Data analysis was done using SPSS26 software, and central indicators, correlation analysis, and multivariate regression were used. The results showed that the average livelihood diversity index of people based on the Simpson index was 0.13 with a standard deviation of 0.03, which indicates that the farmers had low livelihood diversity. The results of the investigation of the factors affecting the livelihood diversity of farmers using step-by-step linear regression analysis showed that five variables—the amount of actual water yield of a personal well, the amount of garden size, the amount of bureaucracy in issuing licensing for rural workshops, the amount of cultivation of irrigated products, and the amount of inability to buy basic needs—accounted for 78% of the variance of respondents' livelihood diversity. Based on research results, recommended to focus on smallholder farmers in livelihood empowerment programs; facilitate the start-up of non-agricultural businesses for farmers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - Impacts of climate change adaptation strategies on smallholder farmers food security
saeede sadat ebrahimi farhad lashgarara seyed mahdi mirdamadi maryam omidi najaf abadiThus, this study was done to investigate the impacts of climate change adaptation strategies on smallholder household food security among horticultural crop farmers. 456 farmers were selected through stratified random sampling. A questionnaire was utilized for data coll MoreThus, this study was done to investigate the impacts of climate change adaptation strategies on smallholder household food security among horticultural crop farmers. 456 farmers were selected through stratified random sampling. A questionnaire was utilized for data collection consisting of four sections. Data were analyzed with structural equation modeling using Smart-PLS 3.0. 89 percent of households were anxious and uncertain about food supply, 76 percent were households with insufficient food quality, and 71 percent did experience the inadequate quantity of food intake and its physical consequences. Also, farming and non-farming strategies had a positive and significant impact on the role of farmers in adapting to climate change, while infrastructure and support strategies had a significant impact on the role of government and rural institutions in adapting to climate change. In addition, the effect of the role of farmers and the role of government and rural institutions in improving the dimensions of food security was positive and significant, but only in relation to the role of farmers on food consumption was not observed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - Investigating the Effect of Altruistic and Egoistic Values on the Attitudes and Intentions of Farmers in Kermanshah Province to Adapt to Water Scarcity
Yousof Azadi jafar yaghoubi Haydar Gholizadeh Saeed Gholamrezai Fatemeh Rahimi-FeyzabadThe present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of altruistic and Egoistic values on the attitude and intention of farmers in Kermanshah province to adapt to water shortage. In order to select farmers, a multi-stage cluster sampling method was u MoreThe present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of altruistic and Egoistic values on the attitude and intention of farmers in Kermanshah province to adapt to water shortage. In order to select farmers, a multi-stage cluster sampling method was used (n=380). The data was collected from the wheat farmers of Kermanshah province through a researcher-made questionnaire. The reliability and validity of the questionnaire was tested and confirmed. The conceptual model was analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). The results showed that the variable of altruistic values had a positive and significant effect on the variables of attitude and intention to adapt, and the variable of egoistic values had a negative and significant effect on the variables of attitude and intention to adapt. Also, the attitude variable towards adapting to water scarcity had a positive and significant effect on the intention to adapt. In the present study, 39% of the variance of the attitude variable and 50.1% of the variance of the intention to adapt to water scarcity were explained. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - Drought Vulnerability Assessment among Wheat Farmers in Esfahan Township
Masoud Ramazani Lida Sharafi Kiumars ZarafshaniThe current drought in Esfahan Township and damages incurred on agricultural sector clearly indicate that vulnerability among farmers is increasing. However, limited attention has been paid to drought mitigation and preparedness across the affected area. Therefore, it i MoreThe current drought in Esfahan Township and damages incurred on agricultural sector clearly indicate that vulnerability among farmers is increasing. However, limited attention has been paid to drought mitigation and preparedness across the affected area. Therefore, it is imperative to study vulnerable group which is the bench mark in drought risk management the predictors of vulnerability among farmers in Isfahan Township. In this study used survey research design and data was collected from 275 wheat farmers using multistage stratified sampling through questionnaire and personal interview with farmers whom has experienced drought. Farmers' vulnerability was determined using Mebar & Valdez (2005). Results revealed that farmers in Jarghooyeh Olya had the highest vulnerability (3.77) and farmers in Bon Rood had the lowest vulnerability (3.32). Results of this study have implications for policy makers in distributing resources to farmers with high vulnerability. Innovation of this paper is to quantify the vulnerability of rural communities using formula and the ranking these communities based on the vulnerability. Thus vulnerability assessment could be basic to the allocation of resources and funds. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - Barriers in Application of Biological Fertilizer in Chardavl Shirvan Township of Ilam Province from Farmers Point of View
Mona Arabseyfi Maryam Omidi Najafabadi Alireza PoursaeedThe Purpose of This study was to investigate the barriers of application of Biological Fertilizer in Chardavl Shirvan town ship of Ilam Province from Farmers Point of View. This was an applied, research using descriptive-survey method. The population for this research w MoreThe Purpose of This study was to investigate the barriers of application of Biological Fertilizer in Chardavl Shirvan town ship of Ilam Province from Farmers Point of View. This was an applied, research using descriptive-survey method. The population for this research was farmers (N=1500) and the sample size was )n=501( selected by the Cochran formula and Stratified proportional method. The tool is a study questionnaire. The validity was confirmed by a specialized team and also reliability was measured by using Cronbach’s alpha (upper than 78%) using SPSS 16 software. Factor analysis was used to identify Barriers of Biological Fertilizer Application in Chardavl Shirvan township of Ilam Province from Farmers Perception. The results Showed that the important barriers in Application of Biological Fertilizer include: barriers training extension, barriers policy, social barriers, economic barriers and environmental barriers. These barriers were explained with a%50 /15 Variance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - Experiences of Agricultural Experts and Farmers to Identifying and Prioritizing Farmers’ Information Resources of Kermanshah County villages
Shapour Zarifian Mohammad Reza Esmaili Matin Hossein Raheli Mohammad Bagher Alizade AghdamAcquaintance with information resources considered as a sustainable development tool for villages in order to raise awareness, reduce information gap and increase efficiency of villagers. The main purpose of this research is to identify the information sources of farmer MoreAcquaintance with information resources considered as a sustainable development tool for villages in order to raise awareness, reduce information gap and increase efficiency of villagers. The main purpose of this research is to identify the information sources of farmers in the villages of Kermanshah. The research method is qualitative and is done with the phenomenological approach on agricultural experts and farmers in the summer of 1396 in order to identify information sources using deep open and semi-structured interviews. In order to prioritize the information resources of the farmers, they were targeted by sampling and data saturation, with the confidentiality of information and the ability to leave the study at any time. By analyzing and integrating the main components, four main components were identified and 22 sub-components were extracted and used for AHP ranking. The results showed that the incompatibility rate was less than 0.1. So there is compatibility in the pair comparison. Therefore, all elements have a good and acceptable weight. The result was that based on the calculations carried out and the amount of their accuracy, it was determined that among the main factors of information resources, holding educational classes with a weight of 0.14 is in the first place and the use of websites with the weight of 0.007 is in the last place. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - Analyzing the Safety Behavioure of Summer Crop Farmers in Andimeshk Township in using Chemical Pesticides
Samira Ghalavandi Azadeh Norolah Noorivandi Ahmad Reza OmmaniAgriculture is the world's high-risk jobs. Workers in this sector are at risk of events and diseases. One factor that threatens the health of farmers is chemical toxins. Farmers are required to deal with the complications and diseases caused by it to apply certain safet MoreAgriculture is the world's high-risk jobs. Workers in this sector are at risk of events and diseases. One factor that threatens the health of farmers is chemical toxins. Farmers are required to deal with the complications and diseases caused by it to apply certain safety behaviors. The purpose of this research was analyzing the safety behavioure of summer crop farmers in Andimeshk Township about the use of chemical pesticides. The method of research was descriptive and correlative. This research was conducted through a survey. The population was summer crop farmers in Andimeshk township (N= 850). By Cochran formula one hundred sixty five persons as sample size was selected. Validity based on the panel of experts was confirmed and its reliability through a pilot test and Cronbach's alpha was calculated. SPSS22 software was used to analyze the data.The mean safety behaviour of respondents was 2.176 of 5 and with a standard deviation 0.89, that indicated poor safety behaviour of farmers. The correlation between the level of technical knowledge, the level of annual income, the amount of arable land, social participation, social status, attitude to the use of chemical pesticides and the safety behavioure of summer crop farmers had a significant relationship. As well as different levels of the safety behavioure of summer crop farmers by participation in educational and extension classes at 95%, there was a significantdifference. Regarding the importance of safe behaviour, it is essential planner of extension activities consider it. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - Factors Affecting on Achievement of Water User Associations (Irrigation Network of Qazvin Plain)
Iraj Rashvand mehdi Mirdamadi Farhad LashgararaNowadays, the water issue become one of the major crises in the world and has proven its key role in making life better for the world. The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors affecting the success of watersheds in Qazvin plain irrigation network. The st MoreNowadays, the water issue become one of the major crises in the world and has proven its key role in making life better for the world. The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors affecting the success of watersheds in Qazvin plain irrigation network. The statistical population of this study was 160 members of the hydropower organization (farmers) of Qazvin plain. A simple random sampling method was used and the Cochran formula was used to determine the statistical sample size of 90 utilization. The data gathering tool was a standard questionnaire which its validity was confirmed by experts and its reliability was determined by Cronbach's alpha coefficient for different parts of the questionnaire aboveα =./72 obtained. The results of correlation analysis show that there is a positive and significant relationship between educational level variables and land ownership with the success rate of water supply system. On the other hand, there is a negative and significant relationship between the history of membership in the water supply organization and their assessment of the success rate of the water supply organization at a 99% confidence level. The results of a multiple regression analysis indicated that the variables of social and managerial characteristics can predict 54 percent of the variability in the success rate of the water supply organization Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - Analysis of Allocation of Credit Facilities Granted by Agricultural Bank to Create Job Opportunities in the Agricultural Sector: The Case of Farmers in Bushehr Province
Nader Naderi Sahar RostamiOne of the main purposes of providing credit facilities granted by agricultural bank is spending these credits facilities in the agricultural sector and improving production and job opportunities in this sector. Wit attention to this fact, we face with the questions of; MoreOne of the main purposes of providing credit facilities granted by agricultural bank is spending these credits facilities in the agricultural sector and improving production and job opportunities in this sector. Wit attention to this fact, we face with the questions of; how much the studied farmers have spent the credit facilities on the agricultural activities? what are the obstacles for not spending agricultural credit facilities in the agricultural sector? And what factors determine spending agricultural credits for creating job opportunities in the agricultural sector? This survey research was designed to answer these questions. The statistical population of this study was 205 farmers who had introduced to get loan from the Agricultural Bank by Jihad-keshavarzi organization in the Bushehr province in 1391. Random sampling was used for selecting 132 farmers. Data were collected using a questionnaire. Face validity was confirmed by panel of experts, and the questionnaires were subjected to reliability testing through a pilot study. Cronbach’s alpha for the scale was computed between 0.69 to 0.92. The finding showed that the most important obstacles for entrepreneurship among farmers were doing non-agriculture activities, inappropriate and complex laws and lack of necessary technical information. Also, the results revealed that using media to access information about job, membership in the organizations, communication with experts and age can predict the entrepreneurship among farmers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - Solutions for Development of Application of Low Pressure Irrigation System in East Azarbaijan Province
Arezoo Mokhtari Hesari Rouhola Rezaei Hossein sh. famiThe current study aimed to determine and analyze Solutions of low-pressure irrigation system in the East Azarbaijan Province. Data collection was performed using semi structured interview method. We conduct an interview with experts of irrigation, soil and agricultural MoreThe current study aimed to determine and analyze Solutions of low-pressure irrigation system in the East Azarbaijan Province. Data collection was performed using semi structured interview method. We conduct an interview with experts of irrigation, soil and agricultural extension sectors as well as famers who had a purposeful use of technics. In order to achieving appropriate research validity, we applied triangulation -data sources and monitored them by the experts.Statistical analysis was performed using MAXQDA software version 10 based on basic theory including open, oriented and optional coding stage. The result indicates that based on there were 6 main categories, 25 sub-categories as well as 171 conceptual units. Effective measures should be taken into consideration in order to develop the low-pressure irrigation system. The results showed that measurements including creating educational-promotional mechanisms, reducing administrative complexity, improving farmers' participation, long-lasting monitoring, follow-up and consulting during and after implementation, financial supports and creating infrastructure activities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - Development of a Structural Model of Conservation Agricultural Technology among Wheat Producers in Ilam Province Based on Variables of Social Capital and Social Perception
Faranak Sahrai Ahmad Rezvanfar Amir AlambaigiPresent study aimed to develop a structural model of conservation technology among wheat farmers in Ilam province based on social capital and social perception. The statistical population of the study was 3250 wheat farmers. Based on Daniel FPC's (1999) formula, and by MorePresent study aimed to develop a structural model of conservation technology among wheat farmers in Ilam province based on social capital and social perception. The statistical population of the study was 3250 wheat farmers. Based on Daniel FPC's (1999) formula, and by stratified sampling ttechnique, 270 of them were selected and the data was collected from them. For reliability, combination reliability was used. The validity of the questionnaire was assessed in three ways: formal, structural and diagnostic. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS21 and smart PLS software. Structural equation model showed that three factors of attitude, subjective norm and perceived behavior control have a strong effect on the intention that the basic theory of behavior is confirmed. Also, social capital variable have as a one dimansion of social components direct and significant effect on the intention to adopt conservation agricultural technologies, Social impression does not have a significant effect on the moderation of the relationship between intention and behavior. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - Factors Influencing the Adoption Behavior of Summer Crop Farmers in Shoushtar Township Regarding Integrated Pest Management
مریم Shoshtari احمرضا Omani -
Open Access Article
24 - The Impacts of Farmers’ Empowerment in Rural Development In Semirom County
Naser Shafieisabet Farid FarhadiIn recent decades, empowerment is considered to serve as a mechanism for achieving agricultural development and subsequently, socio-economic sustainability in rural settlements. In other words, lack of attention to empowering rural residents and lack of appropriate poli MoreIn recent decades, empowerment is considered to serve as a mechanism for achieving agricultural development and subsequently, socio-economic sustainability in rural settlements. In other words, lack of attention to empowering rural residents and lack of appropriate political and social infrastructure in rural areas is a major barrier to participation in the development of rural settlements. A survey was conducted through questionnaires. The required data was collected from the farmers of Semirom County, of whom 262 were selected using multistage random sampling. The process of empowering farmers measured, with a 67-item scale, including subscales such as education and information, awareness and knowledge, information technology, financial resources, trust building, cooperation, and decision-making on social and economic issues. Rural development with a 49-item scale in environmental, socio-economic and physical development of settlements dimensions. The results showed that the empowerment of rural farmers was effective in improvement of crop yields, growth of rural residents’ income, and sustainable socio-economic development of rural settlements. However, it is suggested to pay more attention to improvement of farmers' income, and support and lead them for increasing the rate of savings and their participation in investment activities related to agriculture sector. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - The Effect of Social learning on Environmental Destructive Behaviors in Farmers with Emphasis on the Role of Extension Training
Seyed Ahmad Mir Mohamad Tabar Mohamad Mazlom Khorasani Mohsen noghani Ali Silanian tosiSocial learning is one of the important ideas related to behavioral training in community members. Learning process has both positive and negative effects on environmental degradation behaviors. The purpose of this study was to investigate the positive and negative effe MoreSocial learning is one of the important ideas related to behavioral training in community members. Learning process has both positive and negative effects on environmental degradation behaviors. The purpose of this study was to investigate the positive and negative effects of learning and education on environmental destructive behaviors. The method of this research is descriptive correlations and the data was collected using a survey technique and a questionnaire tool. The statistical population of the study was farmers in the villages of Fereydonkenar Township of 6000 people. The sample size was calculated using Krejcie and Morgan table formula of 361 people. Sampling method is Multi-stage random sampling. The results of the study showed that the average of water and soil contamination behaviors in respondents is about 1.2 (out of 4) and the average use of chemical pesticides and deep wells is about 3.1 (out of 10). The results of structural equation model showed that the most effect on environmental destructive behaviors was related to severity of differential associations variables (β = 0.72), frequency association with friends (β = 0.26) and frequency association with family (β = 0.17). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - Water demand management in the agricultural sector (Case Study Lishter plain)
Yaghoob ZeraatkishQuality and quantity of water and soil are main goats of sustainable agriculture in Iran. Therefore, in this study aims to integrate environmental objectives including reducing water use, fertilizer and chemical pesticides, with increasing the gross margin (revenue) and MoreQuality and quantity of water and soil are main goats of sustainable agriculture in Iran. Therefore, in this study aims to integrate environmental objectives including reducing water use, fertilizer and chemical pesticides, with increasing the gross margin (revenue) and gross margin was risk or variance. The data used, including the pattern of production, inputs and price of each of them were randomly selected from among the designated beneficiaries. Data used in the production model, inputs and price of each of them were randomly selected from among the designated beneficiaries. In compiling the annual gross margin period of risk of 1998-2013 was used in the province. Given the vast difference between the scale of activity, beneficiaries using the cluster analysis based on scale activities were divided into two groups. The study indicated that the environmental objectives and targets policy makers, operators are swapping and It is necessary to choose a combination of policy planning motion. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - Investigating the effect of IPM/FFS on Economical and Environmental Dimensions at the Rural Communities (Case Study: Fereeydoonkenar District, Mazandaran Province)
Maryam Hashemi Akramolmolok lahijanianBackground and Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of achievements of fish farmers following the implementation of IPM/FFS in rice cultivars on the economic and environmental dimensions of rural communities covered by the plan for the empo MoreBackground and Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of achievements of fish farmers following the implementation of IPM/FFS in rice cultivars on the economic and environmental dimensions of rural communities covered by the plan for the empowerment of farmers in Fereydunkenar city, Mazandaran province and to evaluate the importance of developing a farmer to farmer approach in managing healthy crop production. Method: In this study, 80 farmers were selected from four sub-villages: Souteh, Form, Haydar-Kola and Roodbest villages of Fereydounkanar. They were divided into three groups: FFS/IPM implementing (first group), affected by factor (second group) and non-informed farmers (third group). This study was designed to examine the relationship between IPM / FFS implementation in rural areas and environmental and economic indicators. In this regard, descriptive, comparative and correlational methods were selected. The hypotheses were tested using central indices and Pearson correlation coefficient, Chi-square and Kruskal-Wallis tests. Findings: The results indicated that there was a significant correlation between the implementation of the plan and the reduction of the use of pesticides in all three groups, so that the rate of spraying by the farmers in all the three groups decreased by 45% as compared to the previous years. Statistics show that in 2008, 11 farmers from the first and second groups did not completely spray. Certainly, this action was completely normal in the first group and in the second group, which can be distinguished in the statistical Tables. The majority of farmers in the third and second groups sprayed twice, so that 50% of the subjects who participated fully (7- 6 years) have only sprayed once and reduced consumption by 80%. This is because the same farmers in the three groups mentioned in their interviews that they had sprayed more than three times within the two to three years ago, and this rate had sometimes increased to seven times, and only one farmer from the third group had sprayed more than three times. This showed a saving of upto 70% (100 thousand tomans per hectare) in all the three groups in terms of the cost of pesticide purchasing and the salaries of the sprayer workers. As in Argentina and Brazil, a similar study shows that the plan has resulted in savings of $ 1.2 million in soybean and cotton cultivation costs (9). Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that there is a significant correlation among the implementation of the IPM/FFS plan and improving scientific and technical knowledge of the farmers, reducing the major problems of the past, observing individual and environmental health, reducing the consumption of chemical pesticides, reducing costs, increasing the income and production of farmers, and reduction of blast disease. However, there is no significant correlation among the implementation of the plan and job creation, reduction of chemical fertilizer consumption, and production and use of natural fertilizers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - Analysis of the Knowledge and Biological Performance of Farmers Living in Rural Areas (Case Study: Orumiyeh Township)
Jamshid Einali Nasrin Kazemi Mehdi cheraghi Ali Reza rabetBackground and Objective: Agriculture, as an economic activity in nature, has had a major impact on biodiversity and natural landscapes. In this context, environmental awareness is a broad concept that includes not only knowledge about the environment, but also refers t MoreBackground and Objective: Agriculture, as an economic activity in nature, has had a major impact on biodiversity and natural landscapes. In this context, environmental awareness is a broad concept that includes not only knowledge about the environment, but also refers to the attitudes, values and skills required to solve the environmental problems. Biological information of farmers involves their awareness about the environmental problems, the factors contributing to development of these problems and the measures that theycan do to improve the situation which determines their biological performance. Method: This descriptive-analytical study attempts to investigate the farmers' knowledge and biological performance in the southern Barandouz Chai village located at the central part of Orumiyeh Township. One-sample-t-test and correlation were used to analyze the data. Results: The biological knowledge of the studied farmers was at a level higher than average, and their biological performance was at a level lower than average, showing a strong correlation between their knowledge and biological performance. Conclusion: The lower level of biological performance compared to biological awareness in the studied farmers is due to the fact that they have to use fertilizers and pestidides to fight with pests though they are aware of the problems created by them. Moreover, despite having the knowledge of some aspects of modern irrigation methods, the farmers were not able to use them because of the existing difficulties and financial constraints. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
29 - Investigating the Environmental Behavior of Farmers on the Use of Agricultural Pesticides in Moghan Plain
abolmohammad bondari Asghar Bagheri Mojtaba SookhtanloMisbehavior of farmers when preparing pesticides can lead to environmental degradation, including surface and groundwater pollution, and the destruction of living organisms in the water; therefore, it is necessary to explain farmers' behaviors regarding the use of chemi MoreMisbehavior of farmers when preparing pesticides can lead to environmental degradation, including surface and groundwater pollution, and the destruction of living organisms in the water; therefore, it is necessary to explain farmers' behaviors regarding the use of chemical inputs on the environment and humans. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the environmental behavior of farmers in Moghan plain (Ardabil province) in the use of pesticides. This study was a descriptive-correlational research, and in terms of data collection, it was a survey research. The statistical population, includes all farmers of irrigated farms in Moghan Plain (2017-2018) (N = 9996). Sample size was determined by using Krejcie and Morgan (1970) table and by multi-stage sampling with proportional assignment, 400 persons (n =400). The research instrument was a questionnaire whose validity was verified by subject specialists and university professors and finally approved. Reliability of the research tool was also confirmed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The findings showed that farmers had a relatively positive attitude toward environmental protection, totally. Correlation analysis also showed that there was a significant relationship between farmers' environmental behavior with attitude, knowledge, the village distance to agricultural service center, agricultural experience and spray experience. According to regression analysis, four variables of attitude, knowledge, the village distance to agricultural service center and records of spraying, explain 57.1% of the variance level of environmental behavior of farmers in applying agricultural pesticides. Considering the relationship between attitude and knowledge on the environmental behavior of farmers in the use of agricultural pesticides, attention to the implementation of the theory of the process of transferring innovation (knowledge, attitude and skills) in the form of agricultural extension and education programs in the research area can play an important role to improve farmers' environmental behavior. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
30 - The Study of Farmers and Workers in Farrokhi Yazdi’s poetry
Mohammad Reza Tavakoli Mehdi NaseriForm a long time ago Iran has been proud of its champions, thinkers and scholars who did their best for the progress and development of their country. In the meantime, devoted poets who defended their country across their life, are very important and respected by MoreForm a long time ago Iran has been proud of its champions, thinkers and scholars who did their best for the progress and development of their country. In the meantime, devoted poets who defended their country across their life, are very important and respected by people. Mirza Mohammad Farrokhi Yazdi (1887–October 18, 1939) a Persian/Iranian poet and senior politician of Constitutional era, was one of those, who defended his homeland until he was martyered in this way. One of the characteristics of the poems of the Farrokhi was rejecting dictatorship and fighting with dictators. So in this regard he spared no efforts to defend the workers and farmers who had been oppressd by the Phalavi despotic regime along with the British colonialism. This article reviews the position of worker and farmer in Farrokhi’s poem to show the commitment of this poet to his homeland more than before. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
31 - Animal allegories (fables) in the poetry of Nasser Keshavarz
sara vosogyan mansh jalil nazary mohamad hady khalg zadeThe most famous type of allegory is fable or animal allegory in which each animal represents a type or group of people in society. Usually, children's poets and writers use this kind of allegory to tell children stories, and tell their stories in the language of a MoreThe most famous type of allegory is fable or animal allegory in which each animal represents a type or group of people in society. Usually, children's poets and writers use this kind of allegory to tell children stories, and tell their stories in the language of animals; One of these poets is Nasser Keshavarz, a modern poet and writer with a contemporary style. Since in relation to children's poetry, only the role and possible position in the education of children aged 6 to 12 (with a look at the Persian reading of the third and fourth elementary in the Pooyesh quarterly by Sheida Echresh has been discussed; Qualitatively, let's examine the importance of examining this research in order to open a new window for parents, educators and those involved in children's education, and encourage them to study more deeply and accurately the social allegorical concepts hidden in children's poetry. What animals and stories has Keshavarz used as an allegory in poetry and why? Introduce such instructive stories indirectly to children and adolescents and acquaint children with the common world of man and animal . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
32 - Obstacles and Problems of Agriculture Extension Traning Courses from Farmers Points of View Participating in the Extension Traning Courses Dezful City
mohsen nazarzadehzareh Kamal Durrani Masoud Gholam Ali LavasaniThe overall goal of this study is to review obstacles and problems of agriculture extension raining. courses from farmers' the point of view of participating in the in 2010 in Dezful. This study relied upon a descriptive methodology, using survey as the instrument. The MoreThe overall goal of this study is to review obstacles and problems of agriculture extension raining. courses from farmers' the point of view of participating in the in 2010 in Dezful. This study relied upon a descriptive methodology, using survey as the instrument. The statistical population in this study consisted of 5060 (N=5060) farmers. Out of this number, a sample of 466 (n=466) people were selected based on the stratified random sampling procedure. The instrument was a researcher-made questionnaire the validity of which had been calculated by the supervising and consultant extension experts after a pre-test confirming a Cronbach alpha coefficient 0.85. For the purpose of data analysis using statistical methods T-independent, KMO coefficient, factor analysis. The findings of this study using the KMO coefficient and factor analysis indicate that these courses with problems and obstacles such as lack of time-fitness in courses with time conditions of farmers, lack of appropriate content presented in courses with vocational training needs of farmers, inadequate employment of versed and experienced extension workers about updated agricultural issues, inadequate usage of instructional and assistant equipment by extension workers, lack of access to educational content courses in the form of informational means such as instructional pamphlets and CDs, lack of on time delivery of information to the farmers in the field courses, other research findings indicate a significant difference (P ≤0.05) the obstacles and problems (time and place-content and motivate) from farmers' living in cities and rural areas the point of view. Also was not observed the significant difference between farmers' living in cities and rural areas the point of view with the obstacles and advocates teaching methods courses. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
33 - مطالعه شاخص بهرهوری آب، در مزارع سیب زمینی دشت همدان ـ بهار
محمد رضا قاسمی نژاد صفر معروفیمحدودیت منابع آب، عدم برنامه­ریزی آبیاری و استفاده نامطلوب از آب، عامل اصلی محدود کننده توسعه کشاورزی در ایران است. در این پژوهش، زمان و میزان آب آبیاری، به­منظور افزایش بهره­وری آب، در مزارع سیب­زمینی دشت همدان – بهار، تعیین گردید. بدین منظور، سه Moreمحدودیت منابع آب، عدم برنامه­ریزی آبیاری و استفاده نامطلوب از آب، عامل اصلی محدود کننده توسعه کشاورزی در ایران است. در این پژوهش، زمان و میزان آب آبیاری، به­منظور افزایش بهره­وری آب، در مزارع سیب­زمینی دشت همدان – بهار، تعیین گردید. بدین منظور، سه مزرعه سیب­زمینی در بخش­های مختلف دشت، در سال زراعی 90-1389 انتخاب و با استفاده از تانسیومتر و بلوک­گچی، مصرف آب اندازه­گیری شده و نهایتاً شاخص بهره­وری آب (WUE) با استفاده از حجم آب مصرفی (W) و عملکرد محصول (Y) محاسبه شد. بر اساس اندازه­گیری­های انجام شده، حداقل و حداکثر میزان آب مصرفی، در مزارع تیمار، به­ترتیب 4481 و 7500 مترمکعب و نیز در مزارع شاهد نیز، به­ترتیب 5092 و 8279 مترمکعب در هکتار بوده است. نتایج نشان داد که با آموزش برنامه­ریزی صحیح مصرف آب، عملکرد محصول سیب­زمینی به مقدار قابل ملاحظه­ای (13 درصد) افزایش، می­یابد. این افزایش، با کاهش 1/13 درصد میزان آب مصرفی در تمامی مزارع مورد مطالعه همراه بوده­است و در نتیجه کارایی مصرف آب نیز 29 درصد افزایش یافت. نتایج نشان داد که میتوان از تانسیومتر به­عنوان یک ابزار مناسب جهت بهبود مدیریت آبیاری با آموزش آن به زارعین استفاده نمود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
34 - Effect of Farming, Social, Economical and Extension Characteristics of Rice Farmers on Land Consolidation in Sari County, Iran
G. DinpanahThe purpose of this study was to determine effect of farming, social, economical and extension characteristics of rice farmer on land consolidation. The research population consisted of 329, farmers who were selected randomly by using randomized stratified sampling meth MoreThe purpose of this study was to determine effect of farming, social, economical and extension characteristics of rice farmer on land consolidation. The research population consisted of 329, farmers who were selected randomly by using randomized stratified sampling method. The methodological approach of this study was causal- comparative. Validity of the instrument was established by a panel of experts consisting of senior faculty members in agricultural extension and education department, and research committee advisors. Reliability analysis was conducted by using and Cronbach alpha formula and result was found to be 0.82. The results showed that means of farmers age, rice farming experience and rice-cultivated land acreage of rice were highly effective in land. Results also showed that factors like means for farm acreage, social influence, social participation, attitude of rice farmers toward land consolidation, yield, income, cost-benefit, mass media, information sources extension courses and education levels of rice farmers were very effective on land consolidation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
35 - The Impact of the Land System on the Rural Economy and the Life of the Farmers in Iran in Safavid Era (from Shah Abbas the First to the Fall of the Isfahan)
naser jadidi ahmad kamranifar sayedalireza nooryanThe subject of land, ownership, the land ownership system and the government policy and community engagement with government in Iranian history have been among the influential factors on the economic, social, and political changes. Safavid era due to the long-term susta MoreThe subject of land, ownership, the land ownership system and the government policy and community engagement with government in Iranian history have been among the influential factors on the economic, social, and political changes. Safavid era due to the long-term sustainability of the government includes many tips and experiences. This research seeks to explain the subject that in the Safavid era especially from the era of Shah Abbas the first, what model of the land system has been used in rural and Iranian agriculture? And does this affect the lives of villagers and on the other hand, how has it interacted with this part of society and government? The findings of this study indicate that, the Safavid regime’s framework for land ownership and harvest, in total, compared to taxes and duties dictated, had less benefits for farmers. Such conditions in the long run lead to the formation and expansion of the gap between farmers as the main part of the society and the government. This research has been conducted in a historical, descriptive analytic manner using library resources and since the issue of land management continues to be one of the most critical issues of Iranian society, this research by using historical experiences can present practical tips. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
36 - Community‐Based Productivity Veterinary Services Increase Smallholder Dairy Farms’ Income and Number of Cows for Breeding at Mymensingh of Bangladesh
A.K. Talukder M. Shamsuddin -
Open Access Article
37 - Alternative Village Based-Breeding Schemes for Simien and Gumuz Sheep Breeds in Northwestern Ethiopia
A. Desalegn D. Yohannes A. Solomon Solomon M. Godadaw -
Open Access Article
38 - Evaluating the Reproductive and Egg Production Traits of Local Chickens and Their F1 Crosses with RhodeIsland Red and Fayoumi Breeds under Farmers’ Management Conditions
A. Melesse M. Alewi Y. Teklegiorgis -
Open Access Article
39 - Constraints Analysis of Poultry Production at Dzongu Area of North Sikkim in India
B.G. Nath P.K. Pathak A.K. Mohanty -
Open Access Article
40 - Adoption of Scientific Poultry Farming Practices by the Broiler Farmers in Haryana, India
C.S. Ithika S.P. Singh G. Gautam -
Open Access Article
41 - Determinants of Technical Efficiency of the Dairy Farmers in Ada’a District of Oromia State, Ethiopia
L. Fita M.M. Trivedi A.M. Patel B. Tassew C.G. Joshi -
Open Access Article
42 - Modeling Effective Components on Development Agritourism Township Masal
habib mahmoodi seyyed hasan moteei langrodi hasanali farajisabokbar MOJTABA Ghadiri Masom majid yasooriAgritourism is a form of nich tourism, part of rural tourism, which is blended with the components of the village, farm, tourists, stakeholders and farmers who are always exposed to all kinds of economic risks.This research aims to model the effective factors on the dev MoreAgritourism is a form of nich tourism, part of rural tourism, which is blended with the components of the village, farm, tourists, stakeholders and farmers who are always exposed to all kinds of economic risks.This research aims to model the effective factors on the development of agritourism in Masal Township with an emphasis on the component of the farmer, and attempts to present this form of tourism as a strategy for diversification into resources by presenting a model of the position of farmers in forming agricultural tourism. Income for villagers.. The township of Masal has 108 rural areas. In total and based on sampling in descriptive studies, 20% of villages, 20 villages were identified as examples.The statistical population consisted of 2588 rural households located in 20 rural areas selected in three areas, ranges, foothill and mountainous. Based on the Cochran sampling formula with a 5% error rate, 338 rural households were selected as the sample population.The approach of this research is quantitative, and in analyzing the data, descriptive and analytical-exploratory tests have been used. The results of the research showed that the indices that farmers need to consider for agritourism should include individual characteristics of farmers, knowledge and skills, capital and assets, motivation and willingness to provide services to agricultural tourists. Also, the overall survey results showed that based on the indicators mentioned in the current situation, rural households living in mountainous and mountainous regions tend to be more inclined to accept agricultural tourism. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
43 - Analysis of Management – policy Problems before tea industry in the Guilan Province
mohamadsadegh allahyari habibollah rezadost shaghayegh kheiri seyed ali noor hosseiniTo evaluate and identify the most import and managerial-policy issues and problems of tea industry in Guilan, a study was conducted in 2010. Delphi method was used in this study involved a total of 54 members (15 farmers, 12 factory owners, 11 businessmen and 16 experts MoreTo evaluate and identify the most import and managerial-policy issues and problems of tea industry in Guilan, a study was conducted in 2010. Delphi method was used in this study involved a total of 54 members (15 farmers, 12 factory owners, 11 businessmen and 16 experts).The results showed that issues such as wealth and power Mafia drummer imports smuggled tea, tea accumulate on of experience, lack of strict government control son production and trade of tea, the lack of stable and long-term strategy and policy in stability, Lack of management and planning in the manufacturing, industrial and commercial tea, the tea industry is looking at a system of government, to deal with problems of passive Tea, Unethical interference in local government authorities and push them to buy green tea, Weaknesses in the education sector ,promoting the country's tea industry and government neglect in the cultivation and breeding of tea gardens and tea gardens release due to wrong policies of reform initiatives Tea, a very important point for the tea product that had a failure with the tea industry. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
44 - Survey of influencing Factors on Farmer’s Satisfaction Regarding Employment on Agricultural Sector (Case Study: Meshkin Shahar Township)
وکیل حیدری ساربانThe purpose of the present study was to investigate the influence of factors on Farmer’s satisfaction regarding employment on Agricultural profession. The research method was a descriptive-correlational study of the survey type. The target population in the study MoreThe purpose of the present study was to investigate the influence of factors on Farmer’s satisfaction regarding employment on Agricultural profession. The research method was a descriptive-correlational study of the survey type. The target population in the study was the entire farmers in Meshkin Shahr County. Using stratified random sampling technique, 185 participants were selected as statistical. The content and face validity of the instrument was specified after several times review and correction by the faculty of members at university and several expertise of administrative offices. The reliability analysis was conducted and Cronbach’s alpha values for the various sections of instrument were estimated to be between 0.68 and 0.79. The results of Pearson test showed that apart from variables of supporting from farmer creativity, difficulty of agricultural activity, supporting of government razor and drought edge, propaganda of positive against farmers, regarding of public and education, existence of social subsistence, encouragement of local reliable and total time of employment there was a statistically significant positive relationship between entire of research variables with farmers satisfaction regarding employment on agricultural profession. In addition, the results of the multivariate regression revealed that variables of suitable income of farmers, access of easy to inputs, rate of interest to agriculture profession, rate of use from informational resources, access of easy from services and extensional actions, ways of cultivation modern and rate of knowledge and skill explained 0.96 percent of variability of farmers satisfaction regarding farmers’ employment. Finally, based on the results analysis, some applied recommendations have been provided. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
45 - Livelihood assessment of the fish farmers converted from agricultural farming in selected areas of Mymensingh district, Bangladesh
Md. Rahman Md. Asaduzzaman Shahali Mitul Md. Islam Limon Deb -
Open Access Article
46 - Constraints to Farmers Willingness to Pay for Private Irrigation Delivery in Nandom, Ghana
Yussif K Obeng K Hudu Zakaria -
Open Access Article
47 - Assessment of the use of Rural Radio as an Agricultural Information Dissemination Tool among Rural Farmers in Dekina Local Government of Kogi State, Nigeria.
Adejo P. E. Adejo O. Ahmed A. Bello D -
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48 - Assessment of the Effect of Rural Transportation Cost On Agricultural Productivity in Ankpa Local Government Area of Kogi State, Nigeria
Ufedo Shaibu Felix Oyibo -
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49 - Challenges of Agroforestry Systems’ Adoption by Farmers in the North Central Zone of Nigeria
Saliu J. Oluwagbemi T. Ifatimehin O. -
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50 - Analysis of Farmers’ Feedback on Agricultural Development Project’s (ADP’S) Performances in Kogi State, Nigeria
Adejo Grace Saliu J. Adejo P. Emmanuel -
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51 - Farmers’ Perception and Willingness to Pay for Technical Agricultural Information on Maize Production in Orire Local Government Area of Oyo State.
Olumuyiwa Olaniyi Oluwatoyin Ismaila -
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52 - Socioeconomic Analysis of Different Categories of Farm in Selected Areas of Mymensingh, Bangladesh
Limon Deb Md. Mian Md. Asaduzzaman Shahali Mitul Md. Rahaman -
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53 - Perceived Effectiveness of Agricultural Extension Methods Used to Disseminate Improved Technologies to Rice Farmers in Kogi State, Nigeria
Tijani Abdulhamid Ahmed Rashid Solagberun Adisa -
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54 - Effects of Communal Crises on Selected Crops Production among Farmers in Langtang North Local Government Area of Plateau State, Nigeria
Gyanden Kughur Shimayohol Daudu Mtimbir Iornenege -
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55 - Impact of Dust storm on Agricultural Production in Iran
Tahere Maleki Mariyeh Sahraie Fatemeh Sasani Mahana Shahmoradi -
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56 - Agrobiodiversity Conservation Techniques Adopted By Rural Farmers in Kware Local Government Area Nigeria
Aliyu Akilu Barau James Abbah Michael -
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57 - Impact of Farmer Field Schools on Farmer`s Adoption of Wheat Production Technical Packages in Gezira Scheme, Sudan
Ahmed Mirghani Abdel Rahman Wisal Abd Ebrahim Babiker Mohammed -
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58 - Factors Associated with Women Farmers’ Level of Control in Farmer-Groups in Kwara State, Nigeria
Kemi Omotesho Gbolagade Adesiji Adeniyi Akinrinde Oyindamola Aluko -
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59 - Resource Use Efficiency Andmisery of Sweet Potato Production Window into Financial Surplus for Households in Delta State, Nigeria
Theophilus Miebi Gbigbi -
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60 - Analysis of Factors Influencing Food Security Status of Female Headed Farm Households in Abia State, Nigeria
Kelechi Osondu -
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61 - Determinants of Farm Record Keeping among Small Scale Poultry Farmers in Kogi State, Nigeria
M. K Ibrahim R. S Adisa T. A Ahmed O Ebenehi -
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62 - Seasonality and Profitability: The Case of Smallholder Tomato Farmers in Thyolo District, Malawi
Daniel Matemba -
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63 - Determinants of Vulnerability to Poverty among Rice Farmers: A Case Study of Nasarawa Rice Hub
Babatunde Olanrewaju Opeyemi Gbenga Zubair Idris -
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64 - Communication Behaviour of Farmers with the Agricultural Extension Agents Using Cell Phone: A Case of Bangladesh
Mohammad Rahman Mohammed Uddin Md. Khan -
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65 - Small-scale Farmers’ Attitude and Problems regarding One House One Farm Approach for their Livelihoods Improvement
Md. Golam Farouque Md. Mojammel Haque Debashish Sarker Dev -
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66 - Impact of Microfinance on Smallholder Cassava and Rice Farms Productivity in Makurdi Metropolis, Benue State, Nigeria
Francis Ogebe Ayuba Ali Ishaaqa Olagunju -
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67 - Agro-Economic Comparison of the Achievements of Fadama III Agricultural Enterprises in the Niger Delta Area of Nigeria: Task-Target Performance Approaches
Oghenero Ovharhe -
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68 - Farmers’ Perception Regarding Impact of Climate Change on Wheat Crop Production in Layyah District-Pakistan
Badar Siddiqui Syed Ali Asghar Shah -
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69 - Farmers Preferences to Plant Crops for Bio-Energy production (Case Study: Sugar Beet in north of Khuzestan Province)
Davood Momeni Choleki Reza Moghaddasi Yaghoub Zeraatkish Amir Mohamadinezhad -
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70 - A Profit Approach Comparison between Tomato Grown under Organic and Inorganic Methods in a Typical Nigeria’s Soil
Hamza Babagiwa Aliyu Muhammad R. Ja’afar-Furo -
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71 - Two Stage Maize Supply Chain Model For Production And Marketing Efficiency
Never Mafuse Abbysinia Mushunje Simbarashe Tatsvarei Emmanuel Zivenge -
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72 - Factors underlying farmers’ choice of market information system in Lilongwe, Malawi
Fredy Kilima Thokozani Chikuni -
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73 - The Role of Agricultural Extension in Raising the Productivity of Rainfed Sorghum Small-Scale Farmers in Gezira State, Sudan: A Case Study from South Gezira Locality
Refag Hamed Ahmed Bereir Hind Mustafa -
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74 - Production Characteristics of Cocoyam Farmers in Enugu State
Kelvin Eze Remigius Ozioko David Okoronkwo Martha Mamah Cynthia Nwobodo -
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75 - Mango Farmers’ Perception on the Effect of Fruit Flies Infestation
Sijuwade Adebayo Robert UddinII Ajoke Kayode Adetayo Abdulsalam -
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76 - Examining the Impact of Lead Farmer Approach on Follower Farmers’ Knowledge and Practice of Conservation Agriculture: A Case Study in Kalira Extension Planning Area, Ntchisi District, Malawi
Daniel Devoted Matemba Dalo NjeraThe Lead Farmer Approach (LFA) has emerged as a vital strategy for agricultural extension services in developing nations like Malawi, aiming to disseminate new technologies and practices among smallholder farmers. This study investigates the impact of LFA on follower fa MoreThe Lead Farmer Approach (LFA) has emerged as a vital strategy for agricultural extension services in developing nations like Malawi, aiming to disseminate new technologies and practices among smallholder farmers. This study investigates the impact of LFA on follower farmers' (FFs) knowledge and practice of Conservation Agriculture (CA) in Malawi. Employing a mixed-methods research design, the study conducted household surveys and focus group discussions in the Kalira Environmental Protection Area, Ntchisi district. Results indicate a significant improvement (p < 0.05) in FFs' knowledge of CA post-LFA, with notable advancements in crop rotation and minimum soil disturbance understanding. The LFA also positively influenced FFs' CA practices, particularly in minimum soil disturbances, permanent ground cover, and integration of agroforestry trees. While intercropping and crop rotation showed no significant change, the overall impact underscores the effectiveness of LFA in enhancing FFs' understanding and adoption of sustainable agricultural practices. The findings contribute valuable insights for governments, development agencies, and researchers working toward promoting CA and sustainable agriculture through the LFA approach, emphasizing its potential scalability and long-term sustainability Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
77 - Value Chain of Catfish Products in Ibadan Metropolis, Oyo State
Zacchaeus Oluwafemi Abolupe Ayanboye Benedicta Oluwafemi -
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78 - Perception of Inter-generational Farm Transfer among Cocoa Farmers in South-west, Nigeria
Tosin Ogundiran Sijuwade Adebayo Isreal Ogunlade -
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79 - Evaluation of Agricultural Research, Extension and Farmers Linkages: A case study from Gezira State Sudan
Ahmed Bereir -
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80 - The Estimation Model of Determinant of Mobile Phone Apps’ Usage by Smallholder Farmers in North West Nigeria
Abdullahi Khidir Idowu Oladele Daniel Ekpa -
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81 - Attitude of follower farmers towards lead farmer approach in facilitating Conservation Agriculture practices in Kalira Extension Planning Area in Ntchisi District, Malawi
Daniel MatembaThis study explores the attitude of follower farmers (FFs) towards lead farmers (LFs) in facilitating Conservation Agriculture (CA) practices in the Kalira Extension Planning Area of Ntchisi district, Malawi. Despite governmental efforts to promote CA through the Nation MoreThis study explores the attitude of follower farmers (FFs) towards lead farmers (LFs) in facilitating Conservation Agriculture (CA) practices in the Kalira Extension Planning Area of Ntchisi district, Malawi. Despite governmental efforts to promote CA through the National Agriculture Policy of 2016, previous studies have indicated low adoption rates. This research employs a mixed methods approach, utilizing surveys and focus group discussions. Results reveal positive perceptions among FFs regarding LFs' competence in training, demonstrations, problem-solving, and other competencies. The majority of FFs perceive LFs as effective in imparting CA principles and conducting demonstrations. LFs' problem-solving abilities and additional competencies are well-regarded by FFs. The study concludes with a call for further research on socio-economic factors influencing sustained CA adoption and recommends establishing a continuous feedback loop between LFs and FFs to enhance knowledge exchange and address evolving challenges in CA practices. The findings contribute to the existing literature and provide valuable insights for agricultural and rural development initiatives. Manuscript profile -
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82 - Post-Harvest Losses and Reduction Techniques in Crop Production: A Review.
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83 - Rice Farmers' Technical Efficiency and Level of Poverty: Evidence from the Anchor Borrower Program (ABP)
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84 - Effects of Farmers’ Perceptions of the National Farmers’ Day Awards Scheme on Farm Productivity in Ghana
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85 - Investigating the Effectiveness of Farmers' Risk Management Strategies (Case Study: Khuzestan Province)
Ramin Safaveyan Mohsen Mousaei Jahanbakhsh Rahimi BagmalekRisk is an integral part of agriculture. risk management is the process of choosing an appropriate strategy from among different options to reduce risk. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to identify the factors affecting the effectiveness of farmers' risk manag MoreRisk is an integral part of agriculture. risk management is the process of choosing an appropriate strategy from among different options to reduce risk. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to identify the factors affecting the effectiveness of farmers' risk management strategies in Khuzestan province. The research is exploratory in terms of its purpose, in terms of the nature and type of data study of the newly emerging foundation, and in terms of time, it is a survey research. The statistical population of the research consists of professors, managers and leading farmers and experts who had sufficient experience in the field of agriculture. The sample size included 15 experts. The analysis method in the qualitative part is the content analysis method. The research results in the qualitative part identified 10 main factors (individual factors, environmental factors, economic factors, market factors, product insurance, human factors, educational-promotional factors, agricultural characteristics, social factors and political-institutional factors), and 28 dimensions. (Age, education, family size, background, access to credit and financial services, income, savings and investment, price, economic situation of the country, ownership, severe market fluctuations, approximate distance from the garden to the sales center, middlemen, government guaranteed purchase , promotion of agricultural insurance culture, land characteristics, climatic factors, pest and disease, manpower information, education, promotion factors, crop cultivation, social trust, use of indigenous knowledge, social participation, stability of laws and regulations, communication with foreign neighbors, government support). finally led to the identification of 99 effective concepts on the effectiveness of risk management strategies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
86 - Factors affecting lead farmers in facilitating conservation agriculture practices in Kalira Extension Planning Area in Ntchisi District, Malawi
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87 - Accuracy of Extension Professionals’ and Farmers’ Perceptions regarding Privatization and Commercialization of Agricultural Extension Services
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88 - Informal Sources of Financing Climate Change Adaptation amongst Crop Farmers in Nigeria
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106 - Socio-Economic Evaluation of Cassava Production by Women Farmers in Igbo-Eze North Local Government Area of Enugu State, Nigeria
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107 - The Influence of Socio-Economic Factors on Adoption of Fish Production Technologies among Community-Based Farmers in Cross River State, Nigeria
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108 - Optimum Farm Plan for Food Security among Smallholder Farmers in Imo State, Nigeria
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109 - Assessment of Awareness and Adaptation to Climate Change among Rainfed Farmers in Um Alqora Locality, Gezira State, Sudan
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111 - Constraints to Increasing Agricultural Production and Productivity among Women Farmers in Sub-Saharan Africa: Implications for Agricultural Transformation Agenda
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112 - Assessment of the Levels of Awareness and Use of Agricultural Insurance Scheme among the Rural Farmers in Kogi State, Nigeria
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113 - Optimum Farm Plan for Food Security among Smallholder Farmers in Imo State, Nigeria
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114 - Influence of Socioeconomic Characteristics on Purposes for which Mobile Phone was used by Small Scale Farmers in the Gezira State, Sudan
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115 - Analysis Mechanization Skill of Wheat Farmers in Khoramabad Township, Iran
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116 - Technical Knowledge and Information Gaps among Smallholder Farmers in the Production of Sugarcane in Kakamega County, Kenya
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117 - The Effective Factors on the Adoption of Biological Control in Farmers' Field School by Rice Producers: The Case of Babol Township
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119 - Challenges to Soil Erosion Control Measures among Farmers in Anambra State, Nigeria: Implications for Extension Policy
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120 - Effect of Women Led Self Help Group on Micro-Financing of Farms in Isuikwuato Local Government Area of Abia State, Nigeria
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121 - پایبندی به استاندارد جهانی GAP و سودآوری: مطالعة موردی کشاورزان خردهپای آنانانس در آکواپم در جنوب غنا
Prince Annorدر این مطالعه، به بررسی تأثیر برداشت کشاورزان خردهپای آناناس بر تبعیت آنها از استاندارد جهانی GAP، ارزیابی میزان پایبندی کشاورزان پایند به نیازمندیهای استاندارد، و مقایسة متوسط سود مزرعهای کشاورزان پایبند و غیرپایبند به استاندارد جهانی GAP در آکواپم در منطقة شهری جنو Moreدر این مطالعه، به بررسی تأثیر برداشت کشاورزان خردهپای آناناس بر تبعیت آنها از استاندارد جهانی GAP، ارزیابی میزان پایبندی کشاورزان پایند به نیازمندیهای استاندارد، و مقایسة متوسط سود مزرعهای کشاورزان پایبند و غیرپایبند به استاندارد جهانی GAP در آکواپم در منطقة شهری جنوب غنا پرداختیم. برای این منظور از دادههای مزرعهای که از 150 کشاورز آناناس جمعآوری شده بودند، استفاده شد. این کشاورزان به صورت تصادفی انتخاب شدند. یافتههای تحقیق نشان داد که برداشت کشاورزان پایبند به استاندارد جهانی GAP این بود که بازار برای محصولات گواهیشده مبلغ بالاتری را پرداخت میکند به همان شکلی که درمورد محصولات ارگانیک داریم. عوامل موثر بر عدمپایبندی کشاورزان به استاندارد جهانی GAP عبارتند بودند از هزینة بالای پایبندی به استاندارد، قیمت مزرعهای غیررقابتی و عملکرد مزرعهای پایین. هرچند متوسط سود مزرعهای کشاورزان پایبند (64/9083 سدی غنا) بیش از کشاورزان غیرپایبند (62/8893 سدی غنا) بود، اما این اختلاف معنیدار نبود. ازجمله پیشنهادات این مطالعه این بود که دولت غنا و بخش خصوصی باید به صورت هماهنگ روی ایجاد مؤسسه ملی مبادلة کالایی کار کند تا این موسسه سیستم بازاریابی شفاف و کارآمدی برای کالاهای کشاورزی اصلی غنا ایجاد بکند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
122 - امکان سنجی مشارکت کشاورزان در مدیریت بهینه سیستم آبیاری (مطالعه موردی: حوزه کشاورزی گیلان)
محمد طالقانیمشارکت کشاورز در حفظ و عملیاتی کردن تسهیلات آبی نقش مثبتی در نگرش آنها و تمایلات درونی شان داشته و آنان را در همکاری بیشتر با شرکت های آب منطقه ای بر می انگیزاند.مشارکت کشاورز در حفظ و عملیاتی کردن تسهیلات آبی نقش مثبتی در نگرش آنها و تمایلات درونی شان داشته و آنان را در همکاری بیشتر با شرکت های آب منطقه ای بر می انگیزاند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
123 - fff
mohammad ali dadashi Vahid Khasheii -
Open Access Article
124 - بررسی راهکارهایی جهت افزایش مشارکت کشاورزان در تشکلهای آببران استان لرستان
فاطمه سپهوند سعید غلامرضایی مهدی رحیمیانیکی از روشهای مدیریت مشارکتی در منابع آب، تشکلهای آببران (WUAs) است که لازمه موفقیت آن، مشارکت کشاورزان میباشد. هدف از این مقاله شناسایی راهکارهای افزایش مشارکت کشاورزان در WUAs استان لرستان است. پژوهش حاضر یک تحقیق ترکیبی(کیفی- کمی) و با رویکرد اکتشافی است و Moreیکی از روشهای مدیریت مشارکتی در منابع آب، تشکلهای آببران (WUAs) است که لازمه موفقیت آن، مشارکت کشاورزان میباشد. هدف از این مقاله شناسایی راهکارهای افزایش مشارکت کشاورزان در WUAs استان لرستان است. پژوهش حاضر یک تحقیق ترکیبی(کیفی- کمی) و با رویکرد اکتشافی است و از لحاظ هدف کاربردی است. این پژوهش شامل دو بخش میباشد. بخش کیفی این مطالعه با گراندد تئوری انجام شد و جامعه موردمطالعه شامل 14 نفر از مسئولین و کارشناسان مرتبط بودند که برای انتخاب مصاحبهشوندگان از روش نمونهگیری هدفمند گلولهبرفی استفاده شد و مصاحبه نیمساختارمند شکل گرفت و در نهایت اطلاعات کسبشده در این بخش بهمنظور دستهبندی مصاحبهها کشف مقولات توسط نرمافزارMAXQDA12 استفادهشده است. در بخش کمی پژوهش، جامعه آماری همه اعضای WUAs در استان لرستان (1990 = N) بودند که با فرمول کوکران ۱۳۳ کشاورزان انتخاب شدند. راهحلهای پیشنهادی توسط کارشناسان در قالب یک پرسشنامه به اعضای WUAs ارائه شد. برای تحلیل این قسمت از تحقیق از آمار توصیفی استفادهشده است. نتایج نشان داد که مواردی مانند بیاعتمادی اعضا نسبت به مدیران و نسبت به هم، اختلافنظر برای مدیریت تشکلهای آببران، و غیره در میان اعضای قابلمشاهده است. در این راستا کاهش تنش بین کشاورزان، مکانیزمهای تشویقی جهت مشارکت کشاورزان در تشکلهای آببران و زمینهسازی جهت توافقسازی کشاورزان در مدیریت این نهادها پیشنهاد میگردد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
125 - بازپرداخت وام و تبعات آن بر امور مالی کشاورزی در غنا: مطالعة موردی بر برنامة کشاورزی MiDA
ماکسول آمدی موسس دوماییری عبدالرشید محمددر این مطالعه به عملکرد بازپرداخت وام در میان شالیکاران تحت برنامة اعتبار کشاورزی MiDA در منطقة شهری هوهوی پرداخته شده است. دادههای اصلی از 120 کشاورز در چهار شهر ذینفع جمعآوری شدند درحالیکه برای جمعآوری دادههای ثانویه از منابع و بازیگران مختلف استفاده شد. پاسخدهن Moreدر این مطالعه به عملکرد بازپرداخت وام در میان شالیکاران تحت برنامة اعتبار کشاورزی MiDA در منطقة شهری هوهوی پرداخته شده است. دادههای اصلی از 120 کشاورز در چهار شهر ذینفع جمعآوری شدند درحالیکه برای جمعآوری دادههای ثانویه از منابع و بازیگران مختلف استفاده شد. پاسخدهندهها ازطریق تکنیک نمونهگیری تصادفی چندمرحلهای انتخاب شدند. دادهها توسط آزمون تی و مدل رگرسیون توبیت تحلیل شدند. نتایج آزمون تی نشان داد که مقدار وام درخواستی و مقدار وام دریافتی کشاورزان تفاوت معنیداری (p < 0.001) داشتند. از بین 10 متغیر توضیحی که در مدل رگرسیون توبیت لحاظ شدند، پنج متغیر معنیدار بودند. عوامل معنیدار (p < 0.001) عبارت بودند از جنسیت، تعداد اعضای خانوار، تعداد اعضای گروه، مقدار خروجی و بهموقع بودن زمان پرداخت وام. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
126 - عملیات ایمنی غذایی در مزرعه: مطالعه ای در شمال ایران
احمد عابدی سروستانی آمنه آورندایمنی غذایی از مزرعه شروع می شود و کشاورزان نقش حیاتی در تولید غذای سالم و بهداشتی دارند. برای بررسی کامل وضعیت ایمنی غذایی در مزرعه، عوامل گوناگونی مانند کیفیت آب، بهداشت کارگران، تسهیلات بهداشتی، بسته بندی و ذخیره سازی، حمل و نقل، کود و مواد آلی خشک و بهداشت عرصه مورد Moreایمنی غذایی از مزرعه شروع می شود و کشاورزان نقش حیاتی در تولید غذای سالم و بهداشتی دارند. برای بررسی کامل وضعیت ایمنی غذایی در مزرعه، عوامل گوناگونی مانند کیفیت آب، بهداشت کارگران، تسهیلات بهداشتی، بسته بندی و ذخیره سازی، حمل و نقل، کود و مواد آلی خشک و بهداشت عرصه مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. بدین منظور 380 کشاورز از 77 روستا در شهرستان گنبد کاووس در شمال ایران با روش نمونه گیری خوشه ای تصادفی چند مرحله ای انتخاب شدند. اطلاعات با پرسشنامه جمع اوری و با نرم افزار SPSS تجزیه و تحلیل گردید. نتایج نشان داد که شاخص عملیات ایمنی غذایی در مزرعه بیشتر از حد متوسط می باشد که می تواند در سطح خوب ارزیابی شود. بهترین عملیات کشاورزان مربوط به بهداشت عرصه و ضعیف ترین آن مربوط به بهداشت کارگران بود. کشاورزان باسواد از عملیات ایمنی غذایی بهتری نسبت به کشاورزان بیسواد برخوردار بودند. عملیات ایمنی غذایی با سطح تحصیلات کشاورزان و همچنین میزان درآمد آنان از سایر مشاغل، دارای همبستگی مثبت و معنی دار بود. اما همبستگی عملیات ایمنی غذایی در مزعه با متغیرهای سن، سابقه کار و درامد کشاورزان از دامداری، دارای همبستگی منفی و معنی دار بود. پیشنهاد می شود برنامه های آموزشی و تسهیلات لازم برای قادر ساختن کشاورزان به منظور رعایت عملیات ایمنی غذایی در مزرعه فراهم گردد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
127 - بررسی اثربخشی مدیریت تلفیقی آفات با رویکرد مدارس مزرعهای کشاورزان( مورد مطالعه: گلخانهداران استانهای تهران و البرز)
Azadeh Ahmadvand Enayat Abbasi Homayon Farhadian Hadi Moumenihelali Alireza Norouziاین پژوهش به بررسی اثربخشی پروژه­ی IPM/FFS، از ابعاد اقتصادی، فنی، اجتماعی- ارتباطی، زیست­محیطی و روانشناختی پرداخته است. تحقیق از نوع توصیفی ـ همبستگی می­باشد که با روش پیمایشی انجام شده است. جامعه تحقیق شامل 70 نفر از گلخانه­داران استان­های تهران و Moreاین پژوهش به بررسی اثربخشی پروژه­ی IPM/FFS، از ابعاد اقتصادی، فنی، اجتماعی- ارتباطی، زیست­محیطی و روانشناختی پرداخته است. تحقیق از نوع توصیفی ـ همبستگی می­باشد که با روش پیمایشی انجام شده است. جامعه تحقیق شامل 70 نفر از گلخانه­داران استان­های تهران و البرز بوده است که پروژه IPM/FFS را اجرا کرده­اند. با استفاده از جدول کرجسی و مورگان (1970) و نمونهگیری طبقهای تصادفی 55 نفر از گلخانه­داران مذکور به عنوان نمونه تحقیق انتخاب شدند. پرسشنامه ابزار اصلی جمعآوری دادهها بود که روایی آن به تأیید پانلی از متخصصین ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی رسید و پایایی بخش­های مختلف آن در مرحله پیشآزمون با محاسبه آلفای کرونباخ بین 77/. و 86/. محاسبه گردید. با توجه به نتایج، پروژه IPM/FFS به­ترتیب روی ابعاد اجتماعی- ارتباطی، روانشناختی، زیست­محیطی، فنی واقتصادی گلخانهداران تأثیر می­گذارد. اثربخشی پروژه IPM/FFSبا متغیرهای تحصیلات، مدت زمان اجرای IPM، میزان رضایت از حمایت­های دولتی و ویژگی­های سایت­های یادگیری IPM/FFS، دارای رابطه مثبت و معنادار و با متغیرهای سن و مساحت اجرای IPM، دارای رابطه منفی و معنادار بود. طبق نتایج تحلیل رگرسیون چندگانه، سه متغیر ویژگی­های سایت­های یادگیری، تحصیلات و میزان رضایت از حمایت­های دولتی قادرند 66 درصد از واریانس متغیر اثربخشی پروژه IPM/FFSرا تبیین کنند. در نهایت پیشنهاد می­شود از آنجا که هزینه اجرای مدیریت تلفیقی آفات، معمولاً بیش از توان مالی گلخانه­داران است، حمایت­های اقتصادی دولت (نظیر اعطای وام و تسهیلات ویژه، تضمین خرید محصولات ارگانیک) از گلخانه­داران مجری افزایش یابد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
128 - ویژگی های گروه های پویا و وضعیت اقتصادی اجتماعی تولیدکنندگان کاکائو در ایالت اگون نیجریه
Olaoluwa Ayodeji Adebayo -
Open Access Article
129 - راهکارهای کاهش آسیبپذیری کشاورزان و بهرهبرداران بخش کشاورزی در برابر تغییرات اقلیم
عبدالواحد کعبی کوروش روستا سعید محمدزاده رضا برادرانتغییرات اقلیمی در خاورمیانه و ایران همچنین کاهش محصولات کشاورزی و زمینهای زراعی در ایران طی 10 سال اخیر نیز توجه بسیاری از محققان را به خود جلب کرده است. تحقیقات متعددی آسیبهای اقتصادی، زیستمحیطی، روانشناسی- اجتماعی و فنی- زراعی را حاصل تأثیر تغییرات اقلیمی در بخش کش Moreتغییرات اقلیمی در خاورمیانه و ایران همچنین کاهش محصولات کشاورزی و زمینهای زراعی در ایران طی 10 سال اخیر نیز توجه بسیاری از محققان را به خود جلب کرده است. تحقیقات متعددی آسیبهای اقتصادی، زیستمحیطی، روانشناسی- اجتماعی و فنی- زراعی را حاصل تأثیر تغییرات اقلیمی در بخش کشاورزی میدانند. هدف مطالعه بررسی راهکارهای کاهش آسیبپذیری کشاورزان و بهرهبرداران بخش کشاورزی در مواجه با تغییرات اقلیم در استان خوزستان است. پژوهش حاضر طی سه مرحله مطالعه کیفی و یک مرحله مطالعه کمی انجام گردید. جامعه آماری بخش کیفی شامل83 نفر کشاورزان باتجربه و کسانی که بخاطر تغییرات اقلیمی دچار آسیب شده‎اند، 18 نفر کشاورز نمونه معرفیشده توسط سازمان جهاد کشاورزی استان خوزستان همچنین 33 نفر دانشجوی دکتری و 237 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد رشته کشاورزی از دانشگاههای مختلف استان خوزستان و 100 نفر کارشناسان کشاورزی سازمان جهاد کشاورزی بودند. متغیرهای تحقیق نیز در مرحله سوم بررسی کیفی در شش راهکار و سه مانع(چالش) دستهبندی و جهت مرحله کمی معرفی شدند. مرحله چهارم مطالعه مرحله کمی بوده که در آن جامعه آماری پژوهش 384 نفر از کشاورزان و بهره‎برداران بخش کشاورزی استان خوزستان بودند. ابزار گردآوری اطلاعت در مرحله کمی پرسشنامه براساس طیف لیکرت بوده همچنین شیوه انتخاب نمونه در بخش کمی و کیفی از نمونه در دسترس استفادهشده است. یافتههای تحقیق نشان میدهد که آسیبهای اقتصادی تحت تأثیر راهکارهای مختلف ازجمله اقتصادی-مالی-حمایتی دولت، آموزشی-ترویجی، فنی-زراعی و اجتماعی قرارگرفته است. همچنین آسیبهای زیستمحیطی تحت تأثیر راهکارهای اقتصادی-مالی-حمایتی دولت، آموزشی-ترویجی و نهادی زیرساختی بوده و در آخر آسیبهای روانشناسی- اجتماعی و آسیبهای فنی- زراعی به ترتیب تحت تأثیر راهکارهای مدیریتی و فنی-زراعی قرارگرفته است. راهکارهای بیانشده در بعد کاربردی دارای موانع و چالشهایی هستند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
130 - فرآیند تصمیم گیری کشاورزان در شرایط تغییر اقلیم: توسعه یک چارچوب مفهومی
طاهر عزیزیخالخیلی توماس آئنیس میثم منتی زاده غلامحسین زمانیدر دهه­های اخیر، تغییر اقلیم و خشکسالی اثر زیادی بر نظام­های کشاورزی داشته و چالش­های جدی برای کشاورزان، خصوصاً کشاورزان خرده مالک، جهت سازگاری با این قبیل اثرات ایجاد کرده است. بخاطر اثرات نامطلوب وقایع شدید آب و هوایی بر جهان به ویژه در مناطق خشک، سازگاری Moreدر دهه­های اخیر، تغییر اقلیم و خشکسالی اثر زیادی بر نظام­های کشاورزی داشته و چالش­های جدی برای کشاورزان، خصوصاً کشاورزان خرده مالک، جهت سازگاری با این قبیل اثرات ایجاد کرده است. بخاطر اثرات نامطلوب وقایع شدید آب و هوایی بر جهان به ویژه در مناطق خشک، سازگاری بخش کشاورزی با این تغییرات بسیار حیاتی است. بنابراین کشاورزان بایستی تصمیمات پیچیده­ای برای کاهش اثرات نامطلوب تغییر اقلیم و کسب مزیت از فرصت­های پیش رو اتخاذ کنند. یکی از جنبه­های مهم برای سیاستگذارن جهت یاری رساندن به کشاورزان در راستای سازگاری با اثرات تغییر اقلیم مثل خشکسالی، فهم دقیق از فرآیند تصمیم­گیری کشاورزان و شناخت سازه­های تاثیرگذار بر تصمیمات شان در مواجه با تغییر اقلیم می­باشد. این مقاله در تلاش است تا چارچوبی مفهومی از سازه­های موثر بر الگوی تصمیم­گیری کشاورزان جهت سازگاری با تغییر اقلیم و ارتباط بین این سازه­ها فراهم آورد. باتوجه به نتایج بدست آمده، سازه­های اقتصادی، دانش، انگیزه­ها و اهداف، نتایج محسوس سازگاری، هنجارهای اجتماعی و شخصی، درک از تغییر اقلیم، درک از ریسک و موانع، نگرش نسبت به تغییر اقلیم، درک آتی از تغییر اقلیم، و ارزیابی ذهنی از تغییر اقلیم و فعالیت های سازگاری می­تواند تصمیم­گیری کشاورزان برای سازگاری با تغییر اقلیم را تحت تاثیر قرار دهد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
131 - متغیرهای مؤثر برظرفیت سازگاری کشاورزان نسبت به تغییرات اقلیمی: مطالعه موردی گندمکاران شهرستان گچساران
محسن موساییبخش کشاورزی ارتباط بسیار نزدیکی با شرایط آب و هوایی,دارد، بنابراین بیشتر تحت تأثیر تغییرات اقلیمی قرار می گیرد.هدف این تحقیق شناسایی عوامل مؤثر بر ظرفیت سازگاری گندمکاران گچساران می باشد. تحقیق حاضر از نظر هدف کاربردی و از لحاظ نحوه ی گردآوری داده ها میدانی و از نظر برر Moreبخش کشاورزی ارتباط بسیار نزدیکی با شرایط آب و هوایی,دارد، بنابراین بیشتر تحت تأثیر تغییرات اقلیمی قرار می گیرد.هدف این تحقیق شناسایی عوامل مؤثر بر ظرفیت سازگاری گندمکاران گچساران می باشد. تحقیق حاضر از نظر هدف کاربردی و از لحاظ نحوه ی گردآوری داده ها میدانی و از نظر بررسی رابطه بین متغیرها از نوع توصیفی- همبستگی و علی-ارتباطی است. جامعه آماری تحقیق گندمکاران شهرستان گچساران به تعداد ۱۸۴۵ نفر می باشد. ۲۴۵نفر از جامعه ی آماری، با استفاده از فرمول شارل کوکران، به عنوان نمونه ی مورد مطالعه انتخاب گردیدند.برای گردآوری داده های مورد نیاز از روش نمونه گیری تصادفی ساده استفاده شده است. از جمله مزایای این روش این است که همه افراد شانس یکسانی برای انتخاب شدن دارند. جهت جمع آوری اطلاعات از پرسشنامه محقق ساخته استفاده گردید که شامل ویژگی های فردی و حرفه ای پاسخگویان، عوامل مؤثر بر ظرفیت سازگاری کشاورزان و ادراک کشاورزان از تغییرات اقلیمی بوده است. برای سنجش روایی پرسشنامه از گروه متخصصان و برای پایایی ابزار تحقیق از آلفای کرنباخ استفاده شد، که ضریب آلفای بدست آمده برای پرسشنامه۰/۷۲بدست آمد. به منظور تجزیه و تحلیل داده ها از روش های آمار توصیفی شامل میانگین، واریانس، انحراف معیار، فراوانی و درصد فراوانی و در آمار استنباطی از آزمون ضریب همبستگی اسپیرمن و رگرسیون چند متغیره استفاده گردید. نتایج حاصل از رگرسیون چند متغیره به روش تؤام نشان می دهد که متغیرهای سرمایه اجتماعی، کیفیت زندگی، تعداد اعضای بالای ۶۰ سال خانوار، تعداد اعضای مشارکت کننده در کارکشاورزی، درآمد حاصل از کشاورزی، بهره مندی از خدمات آموزشی و ترویجی، سن، سطح تحصیلات، کل زمین زراعی، میزان تجربه در کشاورزی و میزان عملکرد گندم در هکتار مجموعاً ۳۸/۸درصد از تغییرات متغیر وابسته را تبیین می کنند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
132 - مولفه های اثرگذار بر رفتار بهداشتی و ایمنی گندم کاران در استفاده از آفت کش های شیمیایی
بهرام ایمانی عبدالمحمد بندری امید جمشیدیکشاورزی ارتباط مستقیمی با محیط-زیست از جمله منابع آب دارد و رفتارهای کشاورزی می-تواند اثرات مثبت یا منفی فراوانی بر این منابع حیاتی داشته باشد. بنابراین، پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی رفتارهای ایمنی و بهداشتی گندم­کاران نسبت به استفاده از سموم شیمیایی در شهرستان قروه، است Moreکشاورزی ارتباط مستقیمی با محیط-زیست از جمله منابع آب دارد و رفتارهای کشاورزی می-تواند اثرات مثبت یا منفی فراوانی بر این منابع حیاتی داشته باشد. بنابراین، پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی رفتارهای ایمنی و بهداشتی گندم­کاران نسبت به استفاده از سموم شیمیایی در شهرستان قروه، استان کردستان، انجام شد. در این تحقیق کاربردی، جامعه آماری را کلیه کشاورزان گندم­کار آبی در سال زراعی 1398-1398 (1700 نفر) شهرستان قروه تشکیل دادند. حجم نمونه با استفاده از فرمول کوکران 170 نفر تعیین شد و برای جمع-آوری داده-ها از روش نمونه-گیری چند مرحله-ای تصادفی استفاده شد. ابزار اصلی تحقیق، پرسشنامه بود که روایی محتوایی آن توسط پانل متخصصان و شاخص میانگین استخراج شده واریانس (AVE) بررسی شد و پایایی آن با استفاده از آلفای کرونباخ و ضریب پایایی تجمعی (CR) برآورد شد. نتایج مدل معادلات ساختاری (SEM) نشان داد که متغیرهای منبع اطلاعات، نگرش و آگاهی از کاربرد سموم شیمیایی 79 درصد از تغییرات عوامل مؤثر بر رفتارهای ایمنی و بهداشتی کشاورزان گندم­کار را به خود اختصاص داده است. باتوجه به ارتباط معنادار منبع اطلاعات، نگرش و دانش با رفتارهای ایمنی و بهداشتی، برگزاری دوره-های آموزشی برای آشنایی گندم­کاران با خطرات شیوه-های کشاورزی مرسوم و مزایای شیوههای IPM توسط سازمان-های متولی، از جمله سازمان جهاد کشاورزی توصیه می-شود. این امر باعث ایجاد نگرش مثبت در بین کشاورزان برای تطبیق ایمنی و سلامت و رفتار خواهد شد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
133 - Challenges of leadership in transforming farmers training center services in South nation nationalities and peoples region, South Omo zone North Aari woreda, Ethiopia
Argachew ElisiAbstract North Aari woreda farmers’ training center service lacks an effective leadership role. It is expectable that leaders need to effectively organize human efforts and material resources by aligning them with organizational objectives to achieve higher produc MoreAbstract North Aari woreda farmers’ training center service lacks an effective leadership role. It is expectable that leaders need to effectively organize human efforts and material resources by aligning them with organizational objectives to achieve higher productivity than mere preaching unpractical words.This study assessed the challenges of leadership in transforming FTC services in North Aari woreda. The study employed a descriptive research design. For the quantitative study, 92 sample respondents were involved by stratified simple random, and qualitative data were gathered by interview and FGD with 12 leaders and SMSs who were purposively selected. Descriptive analysis was employed for the quantitative data by using SPSS software (version 23). Accordingly, the finding of this study revealed that weak capacity building, inconsistency of leaders’ actions with their words, and unable to manage the perception of their followers were found as major challenges that impeded leaders from transforming FTC services in the North Aari community. Moreover, adequate DAs, local leaders, and free extension services for farmers were prospects for leaders. Finally, the researcher recommends; short- and long-term capacity building, changing the mindset of leaders, DAs, and farmers, allocating budgets for FTCs, and strengthening agricultural extension linkages between FTCs, research centers, and farmers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
134 - Educational Program Based on the Health Action Process Approach and Its Effect on Integrated Pest Management Adoption in Greenhouse Farmers
رضا پورنارانی Mohammad Ali Morowatisharif Farzan Madadizadehاین مطالعه با هدف بررسی تأثیر یک برنامه آموزشی مبتنی بر رویکرد فرآیند اقدام بهداشتی (HAPA) بر به کارگیری مدیریت تلفیقی آفات (IPM) در بین کشاورزان گلخانهای جیرفت، جنوب ایران انجام شد. این مطالعه نیمه تجربی بر روی 300 کشاورز گلخانهای جیرفت در سال 2021 انجام شد. نمونهگی Moreاین مطالعه با هدف بررسی تأثیر یک برنامه آموزشی مبتنی بر رویکرد فرآیند اقدام بهداشتی (HAPA) بر به کارگیری مدیریت تلفیقی آفات (IPM) در بین کشاورزان گلخانهای جیرفت، جنوب ایران انجام شد. این مطالعه نیمه تجربی بر روی 300 کشاورز گلخانهای جیرفت در سال 2021 انجام شد. نمونهگیری چند مرحلهای و تخصیص تصادفی برای انتخاب دو گروه شاهد (150 نفر) و مداخله (150 نفر) انجام شد. هیچ مداخله ای بر روی گروه کنترل انجام نشد. در مداخله از پرسشنامه محقق ساخته بر اساس سازه های HAPA استفاده شد و نمره IPM ثبت شد. در گروه مداخله، میانگین نمرات تمامی سازه ها به جز خودکارآمدی بهبودی، پس از مداخله افزایش یافت. علاوه بر این، پذیرش IPM در گروه IPM متوسط [از 28 (18.66٪) کشاورز به 119 (79.03٪) کشاورز] به طور قابل توجهی افزایش یافت، اما تفاوت و/یا افزایش معنیداری در همه این متغیرها در گروه کنترل مشاهده نشد. مداخله برنامه آموزشی مبتنی بر HAPA کمک مثبتی به پذیرش IPM در میان کشاورزان گلخانه ای می کند Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
135 - Working Effectiveness of Dissemination Channels as Perceived by Potato Growers
Tahir Munir Butt Muhammad Zakaria Yousuf Hassan Shahbaz Talib Sahi Khalid Mehmood Mashood- ul-Subtain Naeem- ul HassanA research can also reveal the cooperative effectiveness of agencies such as evaluation will lead to discover the weakness and strengths for further improvement of this program. The present study was designed in 2009 especially to see the effectiveness of the working of MoreA research can also reveal the cooperative effectiveness of agencies such as evaluation will lead to discover the weakness and strengths for further improvement of this program. The present study was designed in 2009 especially to see the effectiveness of the working of agricultural extension staff as perceived by farmers in district Okara-Pakistan. The data were collected with the help of a specifically designed and pre-tested interview schedule and total sample was 300 respondents. The results showed that most 45.0% of the respondents belonged to the old age (31-40 years) category and most 30% of the respondents were above illiterate. An overwhelming majority 77.33% of the respondents was in fall radio category. Whereas, only 29.33% of the respondents reported that they had contact with Extension Field Staff. An overwhelming majority 74.33% of the respondents indicated lack of mobility as the major constraints in approaching agricultural extension education services. It was concluded that different mass media were not fully utilized in the area which hindered not only awareness level of the respondents but also adversely effect the adoption level regarding the latest production technology related agriculture sector. On the basis of conclusions it was recommended that for first of all the educational level of the study area should be increased and Government should ensure adequate availability of rural infrastructure facilities to enable more of the dwellers cultivate the habit of utilizing medias channels as source of information in agriculture production. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
136 - Analysis of Land Tenure System Among Rice Farmers in Awe Local Government Area of Nasarawa State, Nigeria
Luka Gougong Ezra H, YahayaThe research analyzed the land tenure system among rice farmers in Awe Local Government Area of Nasarawa State, Nigeria. Two hundred and forty (240) farmers were sampled by a multi stage sampling procedure and used as respondents for the study. Well-structured questionn MoreThe research analyzed the land tenure system among rice farmers in Awe Local Government Area of Nasarawa State, Nigeria. Two hundred and forty (240) farmers were sampled by a multi stage sampling procedure and used as respondents for the study. Well-structured questionnaires were used for data collection. The main means of data analysis were percentages and correlation. Findings revealed that 46.7 percent of the respondents were within the age range of 31-40 years. Majority (77.9%) of the respondents were married and full time farmers. The predominant system of land ownership among the respondents was by inheritance. Land fragmentation was perceived to be the major constraints to land ownership in the study area. The results further showed that farm size correlated positively and significantly with annual income (r=0.519, p<0.001) and the yield significantly and positively correlated with marital status (r=0.243, p<0.001), annual income (r=0.604, p<0.001) and farm size (r=0.727, p<0.001). The problems of land tenure system that affects rice production as revealed by the study were Land fragmentation, Excessive land ownership, Land litigation and Expropriation. The study recommended that legislation given rice farmers title to land should be enforced by government in consideration of the fact that rice production need to improve to meet the demand of the teaming populace in the study area. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
137 - Size Distribution of Income among Rice-Based Farming Households in South Eastern States of Nigeria
Chikezie, C Ibekwe U.C Ohajianya D.O Orebiyi, J.S OguomaN. N Obasi, P.C Henri-Ukoha, A Emenyonu, C.A Nwaiwu, I.UThe study was designed to investigate the income distribution among rice-based farming households in Okigwe Agricultural Zone of Imo State, Nigeria. A sample of 120 rice-based farmers was selected by multistage sampling technique. Data were collected with a well structu MoreThe study was designed to investigate the income distribution among rice-based farming households in Okigwe Agricultural Zone of Imo State, Nigeria. A sample of 120 rice-based farmers was selected by multistage sampling technique. Data were collected with a well structured questionnaire administered to 120 randomly selected rice farmers. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. Gini-coefficient model was also employed. The socio-economic characteristic of the farmers revealed that majority of the farmers were educated. Besides, majority of them also had appreciable experience in rice farming which makes them better rice farmers. It was revealed that income share percentage of the richest households was 17.65% followed by the second richest group with income share percentage of 13.27%. Those in the twelfth decile represented the poorest group with a cumulative share percentage 2.82%. The Gini-coefficient of distribution of 0.32 showed that incomes were not highly concentrated but varied around the low per capita of N1442, 859 per household. It becomes imperative therefore to enhance farmers’ income through a sustainable improved technology in rice farming. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
138 - عوامل موثر بر میزان استفاده از انرژی زیست توده توسط کشاورزان خرده مالک در ایران
سیده مرضیه رازقی حسین شعبانعلی فمی روح اله رضاییهدف اصلی پژوهش بررسی تولید و استفاده از زیست­توده به عنوان منبع انرژی توسط کشاورزان خرده مالک شهرستان تفرش واقع در استان مرکزی ایران است. به لحاظ شیوه گردآوری داده­ها، این پژوهش از نوع تحقیقات توصیفی- پیمایشی بود. جامعه آماری این تحقیق را تمامی کشاورزان خرده مال Moreهدف اصلی پژوهش بررسی تولید و استفاده از زیست­توده به عنوان منبع انرژی توسط کشاورزان خرده مالک شهرستان تفرش واقع در استان مرکزی ایران است. به لحاظ شیوه گردآوری داده­ها، این پژوهش از نوع تحقیقات توصیفی- پیمایشی بود. جامعه آماری این تحقیق را تمامی کشاورزان خرده مالک شهرستان تفرش تشکیل می­دهند (2470N=) که براساس نمونه­گیری طبقه­ای تصادفی، تعداد 300 نفر از آنان انتخاب شدند. برای گردآوری دادهها از پرسشنامه استفاده گردید. روایی پرسشنامه با نظر گروهی از کارشناسان و متخصصان مورد تایید قرار گرفت. برای تعیین پایایی ابزار تحقیق پیشآزمون انجام گرفت که مقدار آلفای کرونباخ محاسبه شده برای مقیاس­های اصلی پرسشنامه بیشتر از 75/0 بود. نتایج نشان داد بقایای گیاهان و حیوانات به عنوان منبع بالقوه انرژی تجدید پذیر شناخته می­شوند، اما هیچ سیاست و دستورالعمل خاصی برای استفاده بهینه از آنها، به ویژه در سازمان­هایی مانند جهاد کشاورز وجود ندارد. به همین دلیل بسیاری از کشاورزان مقدار قابل توجهی هیزم را می­سوزانند بدون اینکه از کاربرد بالقوه آن آگاه باشند. یافته­ها نشان داد که "تنوع فعالیت­های تولیدی" بیشترین تأثیر را در استفاده از انرژی زیست­توده داشته و متغیر "هزینه سالانه گاز منزل" و "سابقه کار دامداری" به ترتیب مهمترین عوامل به ترتیب تأثیرگذار بر متغیر وابسته بودند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
139 - Factors Affecting Farmers` Higher Gain from Paddy Marketing: A Case Study on Paddy Farmers in North Central Province, Sri Lanka
RPIR Prasanna SWGK Bulankulama RH KuruppugeThis study focused to identify the likelihood factors affecting on farmers’ higher gain from paddy marketing in the North Central Province of Sri Lanka, where the main paddy cultivation area of the country. The required data was drawn from the field survey carried MoreThis study focused to identify the likelihood factors affecting on farmers’ higher gain from paddy marketing in the North Central Province of Sri Lanka, where the main paddy cultivation area of the country. The required data was drawn from the field survey carried out in three irrigation systems covering 257 farmers during July to August 2010. The empirical logit model was used to assess factors. The study found that imperfections of existing paddy marketing system in the area due to concentrated market power among few oligopolistic buyers. Furthermore, land size, land ownership, poor accessibility in formal sector credit market and farmers involvement in informal sector credit sources are critical to farmers’ decisions to gain higher returns from paddy marketing. The results further showed the need of reviewing the roles and functions of government extension services and farmer organizations with regard to the paddy marketing. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
140 - Educational Needs of Corn Farmers Regarding Biological Control Bracon Parasitoid of Corn Caradrina in Dezful Township, Khouzestan Province, Iran
Ahmad Reza Ommani Ali Jafar KhademThe purpose of research was analyzing educational needs of corn farmer's regarding biological control Bracon parasitoid of corn Caradrina in Dezful Township, Khouzestan province, Iran. The method of research was correlative descriptive. A random sample of Dezful townshi MoreThe purpose of research was analyzing educational needs of corn farmer's regarding biological control Bracon parasitoid of corn Caradrina in Dezful Township, Khouzestan province, Iran. The method of research was correlative descriptive. A random sample of Dezful township corn farmers of Khouzestan province, Iran (n=350) were selected for participation in the study. A questionnaire was developed to gather information regarding educational needs of corn farmer's regarding biological control Bracon parasitoid of corn Caradrina. The questionnaire was pilot tested in Shoushtar Township. Questionnaire reliability was estimated by Cronbach’s alpha. Reliability was 0.85. Data collected were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). The results indicated 53.4% of corn farmers had low and very low knowledge regarding biological control Bracon parasitoid of corn Caradrina. Based on results, farmers need to education regarding all subject area of biological control. Also, there was significant correlation between knowledge of corn farmer's with social participation, level of education, income, technical knowledge and extension activity. The result of regression indicated that 53% of the variances in the knowledge of respondents could be explained by the social participation, level of education, income, technical knowledge and extension activity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
141 - بررسی رابطه بین "دیدگاه اعضای نظام اطلاعات کشاورزی نسبت به کشاورزی ارگانیک" و "نگرش زیست محیطی آنها"
Mehdi Nooripoor Sanaz Arpanahi Zeinab Sharifiهدف پژوهش حاضر، بررسی رابطه بین نگرش زیست محیطی اعضای نظام اطلاعات کشاورزی و دیدگاه آنان نسبت به محصولات ارگانیک در بخش مرکزی شهرستان بویر احمد بود. جامعه آماری مطالعه شامل محققان، مروجان و کشاورزان منطقه مورد مطالعه بود که اندازه نمونه با استفاده از جدول نمونه­گیری Moreهدف پژوهش حاضر، بررسی رابطه بین نگرش زیست محیطی اعضای نظام اطلاعات کشاورزی و دیدگاه آنان نسبت به محصولات ارگانیک در بخش مرکزی شهرستان بویر احمد بود. جامعه آماری مطالعه شامل محققان، مروجان و کشاورزان منطقه مورد مطالعه بود که اندازه نمونه با استفاده از جدول نمونه­گیری کرجیسی و مورگان به ترتیب حدود 62 و 55 و 60 نفر تعیین شد. ابزار اصلی جمع­آوری داده­ها در بخش دیدگاه پاسخگویان نسبت به محصولات ارگانیک، پرسشنامه از قبل طراحی شده بود که روایی محتوایی آن توسط متخصصان توسعه روستایی تایید و پایایی ابزار سنجش نیز با استفاده از ضزیب آلفای کرونباخ (76/0-94/0) مورد تایید قرار گرفت. همچنین نگرش زیست محیطی پاسخگویان با استفاده از آزمون پارادایم نوین محیطی(NEP) دانلپ و همکاران سنجیده شد. نتایج نشان داد که محققان، مروجان و کشاورزان از نگرش زیست محیطی متوسطی برخوردار بودند. علاوه بر آن، محققان و مروجان نسبت به محصولات ارگانیک دیدگاه بالاتر از متوسط داشتند. در حالی که کشاورزان دیدگاه نسبتاً مطلوبی داشتند. فزون بر این، رابطه بین دیدگاه اعضای نظام اطلاعات کشاورزی نسبت به محصولات ارگانیک و نگرش زیست محیطی آن­ها مثبت و معنی­دار بود که نشان داد هر چه نگرش زیست محیطی مطلوب تری داشته یاشند، تمایل بیشتری به محصولات ارگانیک دارند. در نتیجه، می توان گفت بهبود نگرش زیست محیطی به منظور تولید محصولات سالم و حفظ محیط زیست باید در اولویت قرار گیرد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
142 - Determinants of Fresh Fruits and Vegetables (FFV) Farmers’ Participation in Contract Farming in Peninsular Malaysia
Nalini Arumugam Fatimah Mohamed Arshad Eddie Chiew F.C Zainalabidin MohamedThe purpose of this research was identifying socio-economic characteristics affected on respondents’ participation in contract farming. The survey was conducted using structured questionnaire in populous states namely Kedah, Kelantan, Terengganu, Pahang, Perak, Se MoreThe purpose of this research was identifying socio-economic characteristics affected on respondents’ participation in contract farming. The survey was conducted using structured questionnaire in populous states namely Kedah, Kelantan, Terengganu, Pahang, Perak, Selangor and Johor in Peninsular Malaysia. A total of one-hundred and sixty seven FFV farmers were randomly selected and personally interviewed. Logit analysis was carried out to identify determinants that influenced fresh fruits and vegetables (FFV) farmers participating in contract farming. The findings in the paper show that, based on the output from logistic regression, ownership, land size, education background, perceived benefit, complicated process, lacking in opportunities and price risk are dominant variables influencing FFV farmers’ willingness to participate in contract farming. Land ownership, land size, education and perceived benefit are dominant variables that positively influenced FFV farmers to participate in contract farming. Complicated process, lack of opportunities and price risk negatively influenced FFV farmers’ participation in contract farming. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
143 - Impacts of Drought on Socio-Economic Conditions of Paddy Farmers in Guilan Province, North of Iran
Hamid Devisti Mohamad Karim MoetamedThe purpose of this study was to survey impacts of drought on Socio-economic conditions of Guilan Paddy farmers. Besides recognizing these impacts, it ranked them according to the viewpoint of the Paddy farmers. It was of the descriptive- correlation type. Questionnaire MoreThe purpose of this study was to survey impacts of drought on Socio-economic conditions of Guilan Paddy farmers. Besides recognizing these impacts, it ranked them according to the viewpoint of the Paddy farmers. It was of the descriptive- correlation type. Questionnaire was the main tool of this study. To determine the validity of questionnaire used of comments of panel experts and reliability of the questionnaire by using of Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 89%. The information gathered by using the survey method. The statistical population was the farmers whom their basic career was production of rice and according to the information of Agricultural Organization (Jihad-e-Keshavarzi) in 2009 was caught by drought. By using the proportional stratified sample method, 270 of these individuals were chosen and filled in the questionnaires. In order to determine the scale of drought impacts, year 2008 (a year which paddy farmers had ensured water reservoir) compared to year 2009 (a year which paddy farmers were caught by drought and water shortage). The results indicated that drought caused decrease in white-rice production for 312 kg per hectare. This problem also caused increase in costs, decrease in income, decrease in saved money, and increase in anxiety, mental problems etc on Guilan paddy farmers. Other findings indicated that there hasn't been statistically significant relationship between age and farming experience of paddy farmers with the amount of damage. But, there was statistically significant relationship between literacy, type of water resource and taking extension advices with amount of damage. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
144 - Affective Factors in the Wheat Farmers’ Adoption of Farming Methods of Soil Management in West Azerbaijan Province, Iran
Soleiman Rasouliazar Saeid FealySoil Management (SM) is critical to human well-being that it is more important now because of meeting the high demands for food production and satisfying the needs of an increasing world population. Therefore, the purpose of this descriptivecorrelation study was to inve MoreSoil Management (SM) is critical to human well-being that it is more important now because of meeting the high demands for food production and satisfying the needs of an increasing world population. Therefore, the purpose of this descriptivecorrelation study was to investigate the effective factors on wheat farmers’ adoption of Farming Methods of Soil Management (FMSM). The research instrument was a structural questionnaire with close-ended questions, which its validity and reliability was confirmed. The target population included all wheat farmers in West Azerbaijan Province (N=24949) that among of them, 371 wheat farmers was chosen by using Krejcie & Morgan’s table through multi-stage sampling (n=371). The descriptive results showed the majority of farmers (237 or 63.90%) had moderate adoption of FMSM. These results also indicated farmers used three FMSM namely 1) using crop rotation, 2) using animal fertilizers, and 3) using soil testing more than others did. On the other hands, there were significant relationships between some of personal, farming, social, economic, and extension-education characteristics of farmers and the amount of their adoption of FMSM. Finally, stepwise regression analysis revealed that 35.30% (R2=0.353) of the variances in the amount of farmers' adoption of FMSM could be explained by the five variables namely farm size, knowledge about FMSM, the amount of extension contacts about FMSM, distance between farm and agricultural service centers, and the amount of attitude toward FMSM. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
145 - Perception of Shea Nut Tree as an Economic Tree among Farmers in Oyo State, Nigeria
Rasheed Gbolagade AdeolaThe importance of shea tree to the people of south-western Nigeria cannot be over emphasized considering both the economic and environmental uses of the tree. However, efforts have not been made to propagate its production by the farmers as the shea tree still grows in MoreThe importance of shea tree to the people of south-western Nigeria cannot be over emphasized considering both the economic and environmental uses of the tree. However, efforts have not been made to propagate its production by the farmers as the shea tree still grows in the wild state. It would be worthwhile to investigate farmers’ perception of shea nut tree as an economic tree and their attitudes toward the conservation measures needed to prevent its extinction. Multi-stage sampling technique was used to select 160 farmers for the study. A structured interview schedule was used to collect data from the respondents. Descriptive statistics of means and percentages were used to describe the data while correlation coefficients were employed to determine the relationships that exist between farmers’ perception and their socio- economics characteristics. A larger percentage of the farmers claimed the awareness of the potential products of shea nut trees. Majority (90.6%) of the respondents perceived shea tree as an economic tree and indicated that it provides income for women and children that gather the fruits. Most of the farmers had favourable attitude toward shea nut tree as an economic tree. Land ownership status (r=0.536), age (r=0.875), education (r=0.725), farming experience (r=0.508), household size (r=-0.817) and farm size (r=-0.673) had significant influence on the perception of farmers. The study therefore recommends that the extension agencies should play significant role in educating the farmers on the importance of conserving the trees to sustain its economic benefits. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
146 - Assessment of Land Management Practices in Food Crops Production among Small Scale Farmers in Kwara State, Nigeria
Abdulazeez Muhammad-Lawal Omotesho Kemi Funmi Adekola Olabisi Fatimat Adekunle DayoThe study carried out an assessment of agricultural land management practices in food crops production among small scale farmers in Kwara Sate, Nigeria. Specifically, the study determined the socio economic characteristics of crop farmers in Kwara State; ascertained the MoreThe study carried out an assessment of agricultural land management practices in food crops production among small scale farmers in Kwara Sate, Nigeria. Specifically, the study determined the socio economic characteristics of crop farmers in Kwara State; ascertained the cropping patterns common among them; highlighted the soil conservation methods adopted by the farmers; examined the relationship between selected socio-economic characteristics of the farmers and their adoption of major agricultural land management practices; and investigated the constraints to adoption of sustainable agricultural practices among crop farmers in Kwara State, Nigeria A three stage random sampling technique was used in selecting a total of one hundred and forty four small scale food crops farmers. Descriptive statistics, binary logistic regression model and four point Likert-type scale were used to analyse the data for the study. The study revealed that food crops production in Kwara State is dominated by middle aged men who are poorly educated and have poor access to agricultural extension services. Half of the respondents (48.60%) adopted cereal-based cropping systems. 48.6% of the farmers adopted a minimum of three management practices. Crop rotation was mostly adopted by all the farmers while irrigation was the least adopted by only 29.3% of the respondents. Furthermore, the study revealed that farm size, age, education status, number of contacts with extension agents, household size and number of farm plots of the respondents were the significant factors affecting their adoption of land management practices. The study also revealed that the major constraints to the use of sustainable crop management practices among the farmers included inadequate supply of fertilizer, inadequacy of labour and credit, poor knowledge of improved agricultural practices, poor transportation, low produce prices and high cost of production. The study recommended the need for training programme on the use of appropriate sustainable practices that will take into account the cropping systems adopted by the farmers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
147 - The Sustainability Practices among Dairy Farmers: The Case of Johor
Zainab Mohd Karim Nalini Arumugam Boniface BonaventureSustainability concept in agriculture is becoming widespread throughout industries in many fields even in crop production, livestock production and etc. Sustainable in agriculture is believed can give present and future good benefit to the farmers and society. However, MoreSustainability concept in agriculture is becoming widespread throughout industries in many fields even in crop production, livestock production and etc. Sustainable in agriculture is believed can give present and future good benefit to the farmers and society. However, in dairy sector in Malaysia, the sustainability concepts and practices seems not fully aware by the farmers which result in low self- sufficiency level in milk production. The self-sufficiency level in Malaysia is merely 6% and this lead to the urgency of importing more milk from other countries such as Australia, Holland and others. This study attempts to describe the descriptive thoughts on sustainability among Malaysian dairy farmers as well as describing the socio economic characteristics of the dairy farmers which will be the indicator of adoption of sustainability practices among dairy farmers. The preliminary data was collected using questionnaires through conducting face to face interviews with 50 dairy farmers from Johor. The Likert-type scale was employed to determine the practices that adopted by the dairy farmers. The gathered data was analysed using SPSS. The findings indicated that the dairy farmers had a higher understanding about the farm sustainability aspect which gives the highest mean score of 4.41. The second highest mean score is the ecological aspect which is about 4.13. The mean score for economic aspect shows the mean score about 4.00. The social aspect of sustainability revealed the lowest mean score which was about 3.46. The results indicated that the farmers favour sustainable practice is farm sustainability system. Sustainability in dairy farming sector in Malaysia can be achieved if the three element of sustainability which is environmental, economic and social aspect were implemented and adopted in this sector. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
148 - Analysis of Communicative Factors Affecting in Application of Sustainable Rice Farming Practices among Paddy Farmers of Mazandaran Province
Laleh Salehi Ahmad Rezvanfar Seyed Hamid Movahed Mohammadi Seyed Mahmood HosseiniThe main purpose of this study was to analyze of communicative factors affecting in application of Sustainable Rice Farming Practices among paddy farmers of Mazandaran province. The statistical population of consisted of paddy farmers of Mazandaran province (N= 208839). MoreThe main purpose of this study was to analyze of communicative factors affecting in application of Sustainable Rice Farming Practices among paddy farmers of Mazandaran province. The statistical population of consisted of paddy farmers of Mazandaran province (N= 208839). According to Cochran formula, a sample of 240 farmers was selected through cluster sampling method. To collect data, a questionnaire was designed. Reliability of the questionnaire was measured by computing Cronbach’s alpha (α ≥0/7) and its validity was approved by a panel of expert. Factor analysis revealed that communicative factors affecting in application of Sustainable Rice Farming Practices were four factors including: organizational communication, modern communication, local interpersonal communication and external interpersonal communication, respectively according to their importance. These factors explained 67.92 percent of the total variance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
149 - Risk Analysis and Strategy of Rice Farmers in Swampland in the Face of Climate Change Impact (Case in South Kalimantan Province-Indonesia)
Yudi Ferrianta Muhammad Fauzi MakkiThe impact of climate change does not only affect the production aspects but also on household income and other socioeconomic aspects. The research aims to determine the household economic behaviors of rice farmers in decision-making with relation to the production risk MoreThe impact of climate change does not only affect the production aspects but also on household income and other socioeconomic aspects. The research aims to determine the household economic behaviors of rice farmers in decision-making with relation to the production risks due to climate change and determine the farmer’s adaptation strategies in the face of climate change. The approach taken is the production risk analysis using the coefficient variance. The result shows that the farmers’ behavior to manage rice farming in the tidal area has neutral risk behavior. This means that if there is a risk or possibility of risk recurrence towards rice farming, thus the decision maker (farmer) still does not reduce or enlarge the scale of their business. Adaptation strategies adopted by farmers in swampland consists of short, medium and long term strategies. The improved adaptive capacity on farm level should be through planned adaptation whose development is conducted by the government to be synergistic and rely on autonomous adaptation that has been a tradition in the farmers community. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
150 - Identifying the Barriers of Sustainable Agriculture Adoption by Wheat Farmers in Takestan, Iran
Shaghayegh KheiriConventional agriculture systems of production often lead to environmental degradation, economic problems and even social conflict. The efficacy of agriculture systems conducive to the economic, environmental and social sustainability of farming operations has been demo MoreConventional agriculture systems of production often lead to environmental degradation, economic problems and even social conflict. The efficacy of agriculture systems conducive to the economic, environmental and social sustainability of farming operations has been demonstrated, yet the adoption of sustainable agricultural practices is not widespread. This study evaluates the barriers of sustainable agriculture by wheat farmers in Takestan using a descriptive–correlation survey methodology. This quantitative study was based on a Researcher made questionnaire designed to elicit the barriers to adoption of sustainable agriculture practices perceived by a sample of 149 wheat farmers in the Takestan (N=268), through a stratified random sampling technique. Instrument validity was confirmed by a panel of experts. The reliability estimated by Cronbach’s coefficient (α=0.905). The data has been analyzed using the SPSS (16). The results revealed that the high cost of sustainable agriculture was the most important barriers in its implementation (M=4.74). The findings of multiple regressions explained that farmer’s attitudes and practices of sustainable agriculture explained 89 percent of the variance of the barriers of sustainable agriculture. Farmer’s attitudes had the most influence on the determination of the barriers of sustainable agriculture (β=0.775). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
151 - Social Factors Influencing Adoption of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) Technologies by Paddy Farmers
Fatemeh Razzaghi Borkhani Ahmad Rezvanfar Hossein Shabanali Fami Mahtab PouratashiThis study aimed to identify the factors influencing adoption of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) technologies by paddy farmers in Sari County of Iran. A sample of 260 farmers who selected randomly, participated in this study through a survey questionnaire. Findings of MoreThis study aimed to identify the factors influencing adoption of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) technologies by paddy farmers in Sari County of Iran. A sample of 260 farmers who selected randomly, participated in this study through a survey questionnaire. Findings of the study revealed a statistically significant positive correlation between adoption of IPM technologies and farmers’ participation in extension activities, Farmers’ Field School, local associations, and influence of opinion leaders. Regression analysis indicated that nearly 43% of variation in the IPM technologies adoption could be explained by participation in extension activities, local associations, and influence of opinion leaders. Findings have implications for designing extension programs that can encourage adoption of IPM technologies by farmers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
152 - Perceptions of Constraints Affecting Adoption of Women-in-Agriculture Programme Technologies in the Niger Delta, Nigeria
A. Akpabio Iniobong A. Etim Nsikak Abasi Sunday OkonThe study focused on constraints affecting the adoption of innovative agricultural technologies disseminated by the Women-in-Agriculture (WIA) unit of the Akwa Ibom Agricultural Development Programme (AKADEP) to its women clientele. The study also ascertained the awaren MoreThe study focused on constraints affecting the adoption of innovative agricultural technologies disseminated by the Women-in-Agriculture (WIA) unit of the Akwa Ibom Agricultural Development Programme (AKADEP) to its women clientele. The study also ascertained the awareness and adoption levels of such introduced technologies. Findings revealed that respondents were aware of 61.9% of introduced technologies, while only 33.3% were fully adopted. The study also identified seven factors responsible for the non-adoption of women farmers’ related technologies. The three highest ranking constraining factors were revealed as; high cost of inputs, low income level of women farmers and lack of regular contact with WIA extension agents. Reasons have been proffered for the relatively low technologies’ adoption levels. Recommendations have also been made to enhance the technology adoption level. These include the necessity to introduce only socio- economically and culturally compatible technologies to WIA clientele, a wholesale focus on follow-up activities after initial group based technology introduction activities, and the attachment of a credit scheme to the WIA program. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
153 - Drought Risk Vulnerability Parameters among Wheat Farmers in Mashhad County, Iran
Mojtaba Sookhtanlo Hesamedin Gholami Seyyed Reza Es’haghiIdentification and analysis of farmers’ vulnerability associated with their risk aversion degree is one of the necessary requirements for planning and reducing impacts of drought in Iran. So, this study was investigated three risk vulnerability parameters (economi MoreIdentification and analysis of farmers’ vulnerability associated with their risk aversion degree is one of the necessary requirements for planning and reducing impacts of drought in Iran. So, this study was investigated three risk vulnerability parameters (economic, social and technical) among wheat farmers categorized in accordance with their risk aversion degree in the Mashhad County (Iran) between drought years of 2009-2011. Vulnerability parameters were determined by Delphi technique. For measuring vulnerability and risk aversion degree, formula of Me-Bar and Valdes and method of Safety First Rule were applied respectively. Findings revealed that in social vulnerability indicators; education level, collaboratively farming activities and dependency on government and in technical vulnerability; irrigation method, cultivation method and type of cultivation; risk averse farmers have had the highest vulnerability level under drought conditions. While respecting economic vulnerability, risk neutral farmers (in insuring for crops, sale prices of crops and the type of land ownership), have had the highest vulnerability level. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
154 - عوامل موثر بر مهارت های مدیریت باغداری در بین مرکبات کاران
مهدی علیخانی دادوکلایی مهدی چرمچیان لنگرودی امیر ضامنیمدیریت تولید مهم­ترین عامل به منظور بهره­برداری هرچه بهتر و مطلوب­تر از عوامل تولید می­باشد. هدف از این پژوهش، بررسی عوامل موثر بر مهارت­های مدیریت باغداری در بین مرکبات­کاران شهرستان ساری در شمال ایران می­باشد. روش پژوهش توصیفی از نوع همبستگ Moreمدیریت تولید مهم­ترین عامل به منظور بهره­برداری هرچه بهتر و مطلوب­تر از عوامل تولید می­باشد. هدف از این پژوهش، بررسی عوامل موثر بر مهارت­های مدیریت باغداری در بین مرکبات­کاران شهرستان ساری در شمال ایران می­باشد. روش پژوهش توصیفی از نوع همبستگی است. جامعه آماری 12800 نفر بوده است. نمونه­گیری طبقه­ای و با استفاده از آماره­ی کوکران 250 نفر به عنوان نمونه آماری انتخاب شدند. ابزار پژوهش پرسشنامه­ای محقق ساخته بود که روایی محتوایی آن براساس نظر متخصصان ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی تأیید و پایایی آن با استفاده از فرمول آلفای کرونباخ برابر با 94/0 محاسبه گردید. نتایج تجزیه تحلیل داده­های تحقیق مبین آن بود که 9/54 درصد از باغداران مهارت­هایشان را برای مدیریت باغ در حد متوسط و 6/41 درصد در حد زیاد ارزیابی کردند. با توجه به نتایج پژوهش، بین متغیرهای ویژگی­های اجتماعی، دانش، نگرش، ویژگی­های آموزشی، مساحت کل اراضی زراعی و باغی و سابقه باغداری با میزان مهارت­های مدیریت باغداری مرکبات­کاران در سطح یک درصد خطا همبستگی مثبت و معناداری وجود دارد. هم­چنین بین متغیرهای (مساحت باغ، کل درآمد سالیانه مرکبات و فاصله باغ تا مرکز جهاد کشاورزی) با میزان مهارت­های مدیریت باغداری مرکبات­کاران در سطح 5 درصد خطا همبستگی مثبت و معناداری وجود دارد. بر این اساس نتایج حاصل از رگرسیون گام به گام، 7/45 درصد از تغییرات مربوط به میزان مهارت­های مدیریت باغداری افراد مورد مطالعه توسط سه متغیر دانش، عامل آموزشی و مساحت کل اراضی زراعی و باغی تبیین می­شود که بهترین پیش­بینی کننده میزان مهارت­های مدیریت باغداری در بین مرکبات­کاران شهرستان ساری می­باشند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
155 - عوامل بازدارنده و تشویقکنندة پذیرش بیمه کشاورزی در نیجریه
فائوسیات اُلاجید-آددامولا لقمان آبیودون آکینبیلریسکهای کشاورزی جزو چالشهای مهم در نیجریه هستند. درنتیجه، نمیتوان به راحتی از کنار اهمیت بیمة کشاورزی در مدیریت ریسکهای مزرعه گذشت. با توجه به اینکه زیربخش محصولات زراعی حدود 85 درصد GDP کشاورزی در نیجریه را تشکیل میدهد، در این مطالعه به دنبال بررسی آگاهی و عوامل م Moreریسکهای کشاورزی جزو چالشهای مهم در نیجریه هستند. درنتیجه، نمیتوان به راحتی از کنار اهمیت بیمة کشاورزی در مدیریت ریسکهای مزرعه گذشت. با توجه به اینکه زیربخش محصولات زراعی حدود 85 درصد GDP کشاورزی در نیجریه را تشکیل میدهد، در این مطالعه به دنبال بررسی آگاهی و عوامل مؤثر بر افزایش پذیرش بیمة کشاورزی توسط کشاورزان نیجریه هستیم. دادهها براساس یک برنامة مصاحبه از 310 کشاورزی جمعآوری شدند که به صورت تصادفی از سه منطقة اگرواکولوژیکی نیجریه انتخاب شده بودند. سپس این دادهها توسط فراوانی و درصد مورد تحلیل قرار گرفتند. اکثر کشاورزانی که از بیمة کشاورزی آگاه بودند (7/82 درصد) از آن استفاده نمیکردند. عوامل بازدارندة اصلی که ذکر شدند عبارتند از پیچیدگی روشها (2/70 درصد)، دسترسی (9/64 درصد)، بهای بالا (2/63 درصد) و ملاحظات مذهبی/اخلاقی (2/41 درصد). ازنظر پاسخدهندهها مهمترین عوامل برانگیزاننده عبارتند از افزایش دسترسی محلی به دفاتر بیمة کشاورزی (4/88 درصد)، افزایش گرایش برای دریافت خسارت (1/87 درصد) و کاهش روشهای بوروکراتیک (7/79 درصد). در این مطالعه، به این نتیجه میرسیم که آگاهی در میان عوامل اصلی تعیینکنندة پذیرش بیمة کشاورزی در نیجریه نیست. براساس نتایج پیشنهاد میشود که روشها باید سادهسازی بشوند و دفاتر بیمة کشاورزی باید در هر منطقه در دسترس کشاورزان باشند. همچنین باید روشهای بیمه بازطراحی بشوند تا کشاورزانی که به خاطر ملاحظات مذهبی/اخلاقی از پذیرش بیمة کشاورزی سربازمیزنند، نسبت به آن تشویق شوند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
156 - Factor Affecting the Sustainable Management of Agricultural Water
Masoud Samian Karim Naderi Mahdei Heshmatollah Saadi Hamid Balali Reza MovahediThe main purpose of the study was to investigate the factors affecting the sustainable management of agricultural water in Hamedan. The study population included all wheat farmers possessing irrigated farms in Hamedan city (N=1800). Of these farmers a sample of 317 peop MoreThe main purpose of the study was to investigate the factors affecting the sustainable management of agricultural water in Hamedan. The study population included all wheat farmers possessing irrigated farms in Hamedan city (N=1800). Of these farmers a sample of 317 people has been selected by using randomized multi-stage sampling method. The data were collected through a questionnaire's tool with help of the interview technique. Accuracy of the questions in the questionnaire was face validated by a panel of specialists. To test the reliability of the questionnaires, the questionnaires were first given to 30 farmers and Cronbach's Alpha was calculated (Alpha=0.92) then the questionnaire was finalized. Data analyzing methods such as Multiple Regression and the coefficient of variation (CV= standard deviation /mean) were used in this study. To determine the level of sustainability of the farms Bossel (1999) method proposed for classification and grading the fields was used. The results showed that variables agronomic factors, policy factors and institutional factors were able to explain 34 percent of the dependent variable's changes (sustainable management of agricultural water). According to the results, 95.3 percent of the farmers were categorized into unsustainable group, 4.1 percent into semi-sustainable and only 0.6 percent in sustainable group. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
157 - بررسی عوامل موثر بر مدیریت ریسک در بین زنان برنجکار شهرستان ساری، ایران
Mehdi Charmchian Langerodiپژوهش حاضر با هدف شناسایی عوامل موثر در مدیریت ریسک در بین زنان برنجکار شهرستان ساری انجام شد. جامعه آماری تحقیق 1677نفر از زنان برنجکار شهرستان ساری می­باشند. نمونه­­گیری تصادفی طبقه­ای در این مطالعه به کاربرده شد و 248 نفراز زنان برنجکار انتخاب شدند. ت Moreپژوهش حاضر با هدف شناسایی عوامل موثر در مدیریت ریسک در بین زنان برنجکار شهرستان ساری انجام شد. جامعه آماری تحقیق 1677نفر از زنان برنجکار شهرستان ساری می­باشند. نمونه­­گیری تصادفی طبقه­ای در این مطالعه به کاربرده شد و 248 نفراز زنان برنجکار انتخاب شدند. تجزیه و تحلیل داده­ها در دو بخش آمار توصیفی و استنباطی با استفاده از نرم­افزار SPSSWin16 انجام شد. آلفا کرونباخ و تتای ترتیبی سوالات پرسشنامه به ترتیب 0/84 و 0/89 بدست آمد. زنان برنجکار بیشتر از روشهایی مانند میزان مشاوره با کارشناسان کشاورزی، میزان آگاهی زنان از زمان کاشت و برداشت مناسب و میزان انجام عملیات (مانند کاشت) برنجکاری مشارکتی با دیگران برای مدیریت ریسک استفاده می­نمایند. توانمندسازی مدیریت ریسک در بین زنان برنجکار شهرستان ساری از عناصر مختلف تاثیر می­ پذیرد که 29/3 درصد واریانس مدیریت ریسک توسط سه عامل میزان مشکلات مالی در امور مربوط به برنجکاری، سطح تحصیلات زن برنجکار و منبع وام­گیری تبیین می­شود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
158 - عوامل موثر در دانش مدیریت تغذیه و الگوی آموزشی مناسب برای مرغداران گوشتی، مطالعه موردی در شهرستان گرمسار
Ali Nouri Emamzadeh Mohammad Sadegh Sabouriاین مطالعه به منظور تعیین عوامل موثر در دانش مدیریت تغذیه و طراحی الگوی آموزشی مناسب برای پرورش دهندگان مرغ گوشتی شهرستان گرمسار انجام شد. روش تحقیق به صورت توصیفی- همبستگی بود. هشتاد و هشت پرسشنامه از 98 پرورش دهندگان مرغ گوشتی جمع­آوری و آنالیز شد. روایی و پایایی Moreاین مطالعه به منظور تعیین عوامل موثر در دانش مدیریت تغذیه و طراحی الگوی آموزشی مناسب برای پرورش دهندگان مرغ گوشتی شهرستان گرمسار انجام شد. روش تحقیق به صورت توصیفی- همبستگی بود. هشتاد و هشت پرسشنامه از 98 پرورش دهندگان مرغ گوشتی جمع­آوری و آنالیز شد. روایی و پایایی پرسشنامه­ها مطابق با راهنما بررسی و ضریب آلفا کرونباخ با استفاده از نرم افزار SPSS، 86/0 محاسبه شد. یافته­ها نشان دادند که نقش روش­های مختلف آموزشی در افزایش دانش پرورش دهندگان خیلی کم تا خیلی زیاد بود. آنالیز همبستگی ارتباط معنی­دار و مثبت دانش پرورش دهندگان را با ظرفیت مزرعه، سطح درآمد، روش­های آموزشی نمایشی و بازدید از مزارع پیشرفته نشان داد. یافته­های تحلیل رگرسیون گام به گام نشان داد روش آموزش نمایشی و روش بازدیدی با هم 56/2 درصد کل تغییرات دانش مدیریت تغذیه را پیش بینی کردند. بنابراین معادله خط رگرسیون به صورت زیر بود: (روش بازدیدی) 0/292 + (روش نمایشی) 0/664=Y در بحث، بهترین الگوی آموزشی استفاده از بهترین روش­ها بویژه روش­های بازدیدی و نمایشی جهت آموزش متون مناسب با تأکید بر اولویت­های آموزشی می­باشد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
159 - عوامل مؤثر بر رضایتمندی کشاورزان (مورد مطالعه: تعاونی های تولیدات کشاورزی در استان گیلان، ایران)
محمد طالقانی مهران مهدی زادههدف این مقاله شناسایی و اولویت­بندی عوامل مؤثر بر رضایتمندی کشاورزان در تعاونی­های تولیدات کشاورزی استان گیلان، ایران بود. بدین منظور، مطالعات کتابخانه­ای انجام شده و 15 عامل مؤثر شناسایی گردید و برای اولویت­بندی آنها، مطالعات میدانی از طریق پرسشنامه انج Moreهدف این مقاله شناسایی و اولویت­بندی عوامل مؤثر بر رضایتمندی کشاورزان در تعاونی­های تولیدات کشاورزی استان گیلان، ایران بود. بدین منظور، مطالعات کتابخانه­ای انجام شده و 15 عامل مؤثر شناسایی گردید و برای اولویت­بندی آنها، مطالعات میدانی از طریق پرسشنامه انجام گرفت. جامعه­ی آماری شامل کلیه اعضای تعاونی­های تولیدات کشاورزی استان گیلان بود که با فرمول کوکران، حجم نمونه 93 نفر تعیین گردید. بنابراین، پرسشنامه­ها به روش ترکیبی نمونه­گیریتصادفی وسهمیه­ای میان اعضای 12 تعاونی توزیع و تعداد 100 پرسشنامه به طور کامل گردآوری شد. روایی پرسشنامه به روش محتوایی و پایایی آن با استفاده از ضریب آلفای کرونباخ 79 درصد مورد پذیرش واقع شد. برای اولویت­بندی عوامل، میانگین با استفاده از نرم­افزار اس. پی. اس. اس محاسبه گردید و نتایج نشان داد که همدلی و همکاری میان اعضا؛ راهنمایی و هدایت اعضا درباره مشکلاتشان و برقراری ارتباطات اثربخش با جوامع محلی، به ترتیب، عواملی هستند که بیشترین تأثیر را بر رضایتمندی کشاورزان مورد مطالعه دارد. به علاوه، نتایج نشان داد که رضایتمندی اغلب کشاورزان عضو در تعاونی­ها در سطح متوسطی قرار دارد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
160 - Nutritional Value and Acceptability of some Selected Forages in the Derived Savanna Zone of Nigeria as Ruminant Feed
Oluwatosin Omotoso Opeyemi Olatunji Olawale Obameso Ayodele Odufoye Adebowale Fajemisin Adebayo Alokan -
Open Access Article
161 - Assessment of Forage Production and Its nutritional Values for Local Cattle Farming in Rangelands of Kupang Regency Indonesia
Edi Sulistijo Ifar Subagyo Siti Chuzaemi Herni Sudarwati -
Open Access Article
162 - The study of relationship between personal and economic-social characteristics rice-field women in Bandar Anzali township with sustainable agriculture criteria
H. Chaharsough Amin S. M. MirdamadiThe research was descriptive-analytic and was performed with a relative - causal method. The population of this study were rice-field women, over 25 years old, who are living in Sangachin and Abkenar villages - located in Chaharfarizeh County - and Lijareky Hasanroud an MoreThe research was descriptive-analytic and was performed with a relative - causal method. The population of this study were rice-field women, over 25 years old, who are living in Sangachin and Abkenar villages - located in Chaharfarizeh County - and Lijareky Hasanroud and Talebabad villages - located in Lijareky Hasanroud county. In this research, 275 people were randomly selected with systematic sampling method. Questionnaire reliability was estimated by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient by SPSS and it calculated as 0.80. The descriptive findings of study showed that the highest of field-rice women participation was in weeding and generally, they are observing sustainability criteria in agriculture. The analytical finding showed that there was significant difference (P<%1) between the mean of observing sustainability criteria in agriculture, regarding the research's villages, level of education, kind of ownership to rice-field and kind of used seed. Also, there was positive correlation (p=%99) between age, years of experience in rice-field, the amount of rice production, rice-field size, the amount of social participation and rice-field annual income with observing sustainability criteria in agriculture. But there exists negative correlation (p=%99) between the amount of rice-field participation and number of household members with observing sustainability criteria in agriculture. The amount of rice production and rice-field annual income as independent variables had the main role in explaining dependent variable. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
163 - A Study on Knowledge of Farmers on Sustainable Farming Based on Environmental Preservation
aliasghar Saghafi nasim einy masoumeh IssazadehSustainability of production is one of the serious issues that have attracted the attention of many researchers in recent years. Assessing the level of farmers' knowledge about sustainable agriculture is a determining factor in the sustainability of production units.Acc MoreSustainability of production is one of the serious issues that have attracted the attention of many researchers in recent years. Assessing the level of farmers' knowledge about sustainable agriculture is a determining factor in the sustainability of production units.Accordingly, in order to assess the level of knowledge and attitude of sustainable agriculture among paddy farmers, A sample size study was selected by multivariate sampling method of 241 paddy farmers.A panel of experts, including experts from the Agricultural Jihad Organization, was used to determine the validity.In order to evaluate the reliability criterion, was used Cronbach's alpha coefficient which was calculated for the Knowledge Scale (0.79) and for the Attitude Scale (0.76).The results showed that the level of knowledge and insight of sustainable agriculture was good among farmers. The results showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between the variables of age, total land area, area under rice cultivation, annual salary of paddy cultivation and annual income with agricultural knowledge at the level of 99%.However, there was no significant relationship between the variables of number of family members, level of education, number of plots of land and average rice yield with sustainable agricultural knowledge.Also, there was a positive and significant relationship between the variables of family number and education with sustainable agricultural attitude at 95% level.Also, there was no significant relationship between the variables of age, agricultural activity history, rice cultivation history, and total agricultural land area, area under rice cultivation, number of agricultural lands, paddy salary and annual income with attitude towards sustainable agriculture. Manuscript profile
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