مولفه های اثرگذار بر رفتار بهداشتی و ایمنی گندم کاران در استفاده از آفت کش های شیمیایی

Subject Areas : Education and training

بهرام ایمانی ¹ , عبدالمحمد بندری ² , امید جمشیدی ³

1 - Associate Professor, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
2 - M.Sc. Graduate, Agriculture Management, Visiting Researcher, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
3 - استادیار دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ایران

Received: 2022-02-02 Accepted : 2022-07-29 Published : 2023-09-01

Keywords: نگرش, دانش, آفت کش های شیمیایی, رفتار ایمنی و بهداشتی, گندم کاران,

Abstract :

کشاورزی ارتباط مستقیمی با محیط-زیست از جمله منابع آب دارد و رفتارهای کشاورزی می-تواند اثرات مثبت یا منفی فراوانی بر این منابع حیاتی داشته باشد. بنابراین، پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی رفتارهای ایمنی و بهداشتی گندم­کاران نسبت به استفاده از سموم شیمیایی در شهرستان قروه، استان کردستان، انجام شد. در این تحقیق کاربردی، جامعه آماری را کلیه کشاورزان گندم­کار آبی در سال زراعی 1398-1398 (1700 نفر) شهرستان قروه تشکیل دادند. حجم نمونه با استفاده از فرمول کوکران 170 نفر تعیین شد و برای جمع-آوری داده-ها از روش نمونه-گیری چند مرحله-ای تصادفی استفاده شد. ابزار اصلی تحقیق، پرسشنامه بود که روایی محتوایی آن توسط پانل متخصصان و شاخص میانگین استخراج شده واریانس (AVE) بررسی شد و پایایی آن با استفاده از آلفای کرونباخ و ضریب پایایی تجمعی (CR) برآورد شد. نتایج مدل معادلات ساختاری (SEM) نشان داد که متغیرهای منبع اطلاعات، نگرش و آگاهی از کاربرد سموم شیمیایی 79 درصد از تغییرات عوامل مؤثر بر رفتارهای ایمنی و بهداشتی کشاورزان گندم­کار را به خود اختصاص داده است. باتوجه به ارتباط معنادار منبع اطلاعات، نگرش و دانش با رفتارهای ایمنی و بهداشتی، برگزاری دوره-‌های آموزشی برای آشنایی گندم­کاران با خطرات شیوه-‌های کشاورزی مرسوم و مزایای شیوه‌های IPM توسط سازمان-‌های متولی، از جمله سازمان جهاد کشاورزی توصیه می-‌شود. این امر باعث ایجاد نگرش مثبت در بین کشاورزان برای تطبیق ایمنی و سلامت و رفتار خواهد شد.

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