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Open Access Article
1 - Simultaneous Removal of Copper And Lead Metal Ions From Polluted Water Using Polymer Membrane Modified With Amorphous Silica Nanoparticles
Bahareh Kamyabmoghadas Nadia TamimiIntroduction: Heavy metals are one of the main water pollution in environmental problems. There are various methods to remove these pollutions, one of the best methods in this field is membrane processes. The purpose of this research is to remove heavy metals because th MoreIntroduction: Heavy metals are one of the main water pollution in environmental problems. There are various methods to remove these pollutions, one of the best methods in this field is membrane processes. The purpose of this research is to remove heavy metals because they are toxic and have many harmful effects on the health of living organisms and the environment. For this purpose, modified polymer membranes were used, which can remove a large percentage of copper and lead ions dissolved in water at the same time. Materials and Methods: In this research, polyether sulfone polymer, N-dimethylacetamide solvent and amorphous silica nanoparticles were used as modifiers. The parameters of the experiment were polymer weight percentage (22-18-14%), nanoparticles weight percentage (0.0-0.1-0.2 weight percent of polymer) and pressure (12-17-22 bar). Results and Discussion: The optimal conditions obtained were 22% polymer membrane, 2% additives at 12 bar pressure, and the result of the test in these conditions was the removal of 74% and 82% of lead and copper, respectively. From the prepared membranes, Fourier transmission infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron photography (SEM) and thermometric analysis (TGA) tests were performed. In FTIR analysis, peaks related to functional groups were determined. By examining the SEM test, the presence of silica nanoparticles in the polymer membrane was determined, and the TGA analysis in the modified membrane confirmed the increase in the thermal resistance of the membranes. Conclusion: According to the results obtained from the TGA test, it was found that the membrane modified with silica nanoparticles causes more delay in the degradation time, and the thermal resistance of the membranes modified with silica nanoparticles increases more, as a result, the presence of silica nanoparticles increases the stability of the membrane. According to the comparison and examination of the FT-IR test related to pure nanoparticles, pure polymer membrane and membranes with nanoparticles, in addition to identifying the peaks of the functional group of polyether sulfone polymer, the presence of the peak of silica nanoparticles in the modified membranes was also determined. that the presence of silica nanoparticles inside polyether sulfone polymer membranes was established. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Investigating the prevalence of resistance genes in Listeria monocytogenes isolated from food samples
Mohammad Reza Saebi Fahimeh nourbakhsh Hossein Khodabandeh shahrakiListeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes) is a type of pathogenic bacteria that causes listeriosis infection. This facultative anaerobic bacterium is able to survive in the presence and absence of oxygen and is the cause of a wide range of diseases in humans and animals MoreListeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes) is a type of pathogenic bacteria that causes listeriosis infection. This facultative anaerobic bacterium is able to survive in the presence and absence of oxygen and is the cause of a wide range of diseases in humans and animals. Consumption of contaminated dairy products, meat and vegetables is the most important source of contamination. There are limited studies of the antibiotic resistance of Listeria monocytogenes species. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the frequency and level of resistance in the evaluated samples. In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 150 different samples were randomly collected from different regions of Isfahan province. The samples included 60 samples of meat, 40 samples of dairy products (including milk, cheese, etc.) and 50 samples of vegetables (including leek, watercress, radish and basil). The serotyping of the isolated strains was done using the commercial O and H antisera of Listeria monocytogenes and according to the manufacturer's instructions, using slide agglutination method and antibiotic resistance evaluation. Standard PCR method was used to detect ermA, ermB, strA, tetS, tetA and ermC genes in the strains. Based on the serological reaction, somatic antigens O and flagella H of Listeria monocytogenes with the corresponding antisera, most Listeria species (70%) belong to serotype 1.2a and the rest from serotype 1.2b (19%) and 4b (11 %) They were. The results of the microbial investigation showed that the highest drug resistance was related to streptomycin (89%) and the lowest drug resistance in the evaluated isolates was related to ampicillin (14%) and chloramphenicol (13%). The most evaluated genes were related to strA gene and ermA gene, with frequencies of 79.8% and 65.4%, respectively. The prevalence of other Listeria monocytogenes genes evaluated in this study included tetA (17%), tetS (2.5%), ermB (10.7%) and ermC (2.1%). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Identification of mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis in samples tissue ileum of cattle slaughtered in Shahr-e Kord with ziehl neelsen staining and nested PCR method
حسن کریمی عبدالرسول نامجو حسن ممتاز محمدرضا نامداریJohne s disease is a severe chronic progressive enteritis that infect digestive system ofruminants, domestic animals, wild animals and equine .This study performed due to distinguishM. avium paratuberculosis with nested polymerase chain reaction and Ziehl–Neelsen, MoreJohne s disease is a severe chronic progressive enteritis that infect digestive system ofruminants, domestic animals, wild animals and equine .This study performed due to distinguishM. avium paratuberculosis with nested polymerase chain reaction and Ziehl–Neelsen, s stainingon the ilieum samples of slaughtered cattle in Shahr-e- Kord industrial slaughterhouse. Resultsshowed that respectively 6.6% and 26.67 % of bovine are contaminated with M. aviumparatuberculosis according to histopathology method and nested polymerase chain reaction .Mac nemar statistical test showed that sensitivity of PCR test was more than histopathologicalmethod( P<0.001) . Also 80% total agreement between these two methods and the Kappacoefficients calculated at 0.33 which represent is poor agreement (P<0.01). There wasn’tsignificant deference between, gender, race and age with infection rate ( P>0.05). The resultsshowed that a nested PCR test for diagnosis of infection is high speed and accuracy and in theprimary levels of disease that amount of microorganism is a few we cannot trust to result ofhistopathological method for recognition of Johne‚s disease Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Distribution of staphylococcal enterotoxin A gene among Staphylococcus aureus isolates from traditional white–brined cheese
Kh Mohammadi,The consumption of food containing staphylococcal enterotoxins is regularly identified as thecause of intoxication. Enterotoxin A is considered as the most common toxin in staphylococcus–related food poisoning. The purpose of this study was to determine the preval MoreThe consumption of food containing staphylococcal enterotoxins is regularly identified as thecause of intoxication. Enterotoxin A is considered as the most common toxin in staphylococcus–related food poisoning. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of S. aureusin traditional white–brined cheese and distribution of enterotoxin A gene (sea) among them. Atotal of 120 samples was examined and S. aureus was isolated from 11 (9.1%) of the samples.According to the results, load of S. aureus was estimated from 1.5×101 to 8.6×104 cfu/g. Nosample was in the critical cell density of >105 cfu/g. From each sample, five suspected colonieswere confirmed by biochemical tests. S. aureus isolates were further identified based on 23SrRNA, themonuclease and enterotoxin A genes using multiplex PCR. Based on multiplex PCRresults all 55 isolates were identified as S. aureus. The enterotoxin A gene (sea) was detected in6 (10.9%) of the isolates. In conclusion, S. aureus and sea gene was found in traditional white–brined cheese. It seems that if the favorable growth conditions are provided, S. aureus couldproliferate and produce enterotoxin and could be regarded as a potential risk for human health. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Comparison of PCR and conventional culture for the detection of Salmonella in raw milk
M. Bonyadian, تقی Zahraei salehi, A. Mehrabani,Salmonella is one of the authentic bacteria which cause illnesses, may exist in raw material andfood. The existence of these bacteria in food not only causes illnesses, but it also causes thedownfall of production quality and reduction of economic growth of the area and MoreSalmonella is one of the authentic bacteria which cause illnesses, may exist in raw material andfood. The existence of these bacteria in food not only causes illnesses, but it also causes thedownfall of production quality and reduction of economic growth of the area and country. Inthis study, 150 bulk raw milk samples were examined to comparison of PCR and conventionalculture for the identification of Salmonella in raw milk. Firstly raw milk was cultured andexamined through the conventional method; afterwards its supplementary procedures forisolating Salmonella were carried out. Regarding to the results of the culture method, sixsuspicious isolates were selected to carry out by PCR using invA gene. The results showed thatnone of the isolates were salmonella. Secondly DNA extracted from raw milk and samples wereassessed utilizing the invA gene by PCR method. Regarding to the results 3 out of 150 examinedsamples were positive. Totally 2 percent of all samples were contaminated with Salmonella.The results of this study revealed that PCR is more potent than conventional culture methods toidentification of salmonella in raw milk. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Plaque formation by Newcastle virus strain V4 on cell culture and characterization with RT-PCR
Sobhani, S., Mehrabanpour, M.J. .. Cloned vaccines are used in many countries nowadays. One of the ways for cloning a virus is propagation of the virus on cell culture to obtain discrete different plaques in order to study their morphology and genetics. In this study monolayer Madin-Darby Canine Kidne More. Cloned vaccines are used in many countries nowadays. One of the ways for cloning a virus is propagation of the virus on cell culture to obtain discrete different plaques in order to study their morphology and genetics. In this study monolayer Madin-Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) cell cultures were prepared by standard method. Various dilutions of the viruses were inoculated into monolayer MDCK cell cultures that were supplemented with magnesium sulfate and trypsin, and over laid with agar medium. The viruses could reproduce on these cells and caused cytopathic effect and plaques. At 10-6 virus dilution, 6 various shape and size discrete plaques were obtained and inoculated into allantoic fluid 9-11 days embryonated eggs. After 48 hrs, the allantoic fluids contain plaques were harvested and their RNA extracted. Cleavage site of fusion protein, with RT-PCR test was performed and the PCR products were purified and sequenced. The sequences of nucleotides and amino acids for each plaque were compared with those of the registered strain at gene bank as well as with each other. Molecular studies showed that all plaques are lentogenic strain of Newcastle disease virus and has about 97% to 99% homology with the strain V4 in the gene bank. The aim of this study is produce clear plaque by V4 strain of NDV on MDCK cell line and studies the molecular variations among them. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Isolation of pathogenic mycoplasmas from Iranian ostrich farms
Moomivand, H., Pourbakhsh, S.A., Jamshidian, M. .In ostriches, mycoplasmas are generally, related with respiratory diseases and causes rhino-tracheitis, airsacculitis and inflammation of the upper respiratory tract. The aim of current study was to isolation of pathogenic mycoplasmas in ostrich farms of Iran using PCR MoreIn ostriches, mycoplasmas are generally, related with respiratory diseases and causes rhino-tracheitis, airsacculitis and inflammation of the upper respiratory tract. The aim of current study was to isolation of pathogenic mycoplasmas in ostrich farms of Iran using PCR and culture methods. Materials and Methods: In this study, 100 samples were taken from lung, trachea and air sacs of ostriches with respiratory disease at slaughter time. Samples was evaluated by culture, rapid serum test and PCR. Results and conclusions: The PCR tests results indicated 21.05% of samples was positive, which 7.89% and 14% was M. gallisepticum and M. synoviae, respectively. In culture method, 6.14% of samples was positive in view of M. gallisepticum and 7.01% of M. synoviae. Also according to clinical evaluation highest rate of positive cases was in lungs, air sacs, and trachea, respectively. According to prevalence of poultry mycoplasmas in ostriches, it is essential to exact evaluation of their pathogenesis in ostriches, to determine the importance of prevention. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Identification of a new strain of the respiratory virus in the green iguana (Iguana iguana)
پیمان Mohammadzadeh سجاد MohammadiRecently, nidoviruses have been described as a possible cause of severe respiratory diseases in reptiles and especially pythons from different parts of the world. The aim of this study is to isolate the pathogenic agent along with the precise determination of its charac MoreRecently, nidoviruses have been described as a possible cause of severe respiratory diseases in reptiles and especially pythons from different parts of the world. The aim of this study is to isolate the pathogenic agent along with the precise determination of its characteristics and to examine the histopathological findings in a female iguana. During the iguana post-mortem examination, pyogranulomatous and fibronecrotic lesions were observed in various organs other than the respiratory system, and the results of the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction were also positive. Therefore, the relationship between the observation of these extensive lesions and the Necropsy findings obtained from Previous cases of serpanovirus infection and the amount and type of changes in the genome of the serpentovirus identified with the previous serpentovirus were investigated. Cell culture inoculation and then RT-PCR was used to collect and obtain the virus isolate. Next, immunohistochemistry was performed. Staining for the nucleoprotein of the serpentine virus showed that this virus infects not only a wide range of epithelia (respiratory and gastrointestinal epithelium, hepatocytes, urinary tubules, pancreatic ducts, etc.), but also contaminates the intravascular monocytes, intralesional macrophages, and endothelial cells too. With next-generation sequencing, the complete genome for this new serpentine virus species was obtained.The analysis of the viral genome recovered from this respiratory and systemic disease associated with serpentine virus infection did not show a sequence correlation with the phenotype of other strains. The results showed that this serpentine virus has a wide cell and tissue tropism, and the course of infection by it can be different, and as a result of the systemic spread of the virus in the body, it causes lesions in a wide range of different body systems. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - The Synthesis of a New Biofilm Containing Nano-Starch‚ Nano-Cellulose and Garlic Extract, and Assessment of Its Antimicrobial Activity for Use in Food Packaging
F. Hashamdar Ravari S. A. Yasini ArdakaniIntroduction: Antimicrobial packaging is a new trend among various active packaging strategies with greater research focus in recent years. The concomitant use of nanoparticles and antimicrobial materials in food packaging is a new approach. Therefore, this study aimed MoreIntroduction: Antimicrobial packaging is a new trend among various active packaging strategies with greater research focus in recent years. The concomitant use of nanoparticles and antimicrobial materials in food packaging is a new approach. Therefore, this study aimed at making a biofilm based on nanocomposites containing starch and cellulose nanoparticles in addition to garlic extract, which combines degradability and antimicrobial activity. Materials and Methods: Garlic extract was extracted from fresh raw garlic and nanoparticles of cellulose and starch were synthesized biochemically. Scanning electron microscopy was used for characterization of the nanoparticles of cellulose and starch. By adding a mixture of three above materials to polyethylene polymer, a biofilm was prepared and its antimicrobial activity against two species of bacteria, yeast and mold was evaluated alone and in the presence of milk up to 6 weeks. Data were compared using student t-test. A P value of Results: The biofilm showed its greatest antimicrobial effects on E. coli (With an inhibition diameter of approximately 8.5 cm around the biofilm). Antimicrobial properties of biofilm in the presence of contaminated milk (As the packaging model of milk) were significantly higher in comparison to the control without any biofilm. Conclusion: It is possible to have a suitable antimicrobial biofilm by using nanoparticles of starch, cellulose and garlic extract. The findings of the current study suggest a new approach for food packaging industries toward the use of biodegradable active packagings which ultimately lead to quality improvement, food safety and decrease in the amount of waste. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Designing of Molecular Framework Polymer Nanobiosensor Based on Potentiometric Method for Staphylococcus aureus Exotoxin Detection
Hamed Ahari Vadood Razavilar Behrooz Akbari Abbas Ali MotallebiIntroduction: Considering the ever increasing population and industrialization of the developmental trend of humankind's life, one is hardly able to detect the toxins produced in food products using the traditional techniques. This is due to the fact that the quality su MoreIntroduction: Considering the ever increasing population and industrialization of the developmental trend of humankind's life, one is hardly able to detect the toxins produced in food products using the traditional techniques. This is due to the fact that the quality survey for food products is not cost-effective and even in most of the cases, the precision in the practical techniques like the bacterial cultivation and other techniques suffer from laboratories errors. Hence with the advent of nanotechnology, the design of selective and smart sensors is one of the greatest transformation of the quality control of food products that in few minutes time, and with a very high precision one can identify the toxin level of bacteria. In the present research, the use of the molecular framework polymer of bacterial toxin as the modifier for the improvement of electrochemical properties of PVC film electrode in order to measure the exotoxin is experienced.Materials and Methods: In this technique, the production of molecular framework and polymer is done using meta acrylic acid monomers, that are formed via covalence connection between meta acrylic acid monomers (MAA) of white polymer. Here also hydrogenic connection between exotoxin amino acid and meta MAA is made that would function as the selective absorption for that.Result: The results indicate that the molecular framework polymer sensor is capable of detecting up to the density of 10-3. Additionally, the sensitivity of the sensors were examined up to 60 days and was confirmed for 28 days and then started to decrease.Conclusion: Although the sensitivity of the technique was low but detection precision was perfect. To increase the sensitivity of the test, it is planned to design another technique to increase the sensitivity of the test. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Investigation on Application of Simultaneous UV Irradiation Ultrafiltration of Extracellular Polymeric Substances Extracted from Membrane Bioreactor and Its Effect on PVDF/TiO2 Membrane Mitigation
Maryam Tavakolmoghadam Seyed Mohammad Ali SafaviBackground and Objective: The object of this study is to investigate the effect of surface modification of Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane on filtration performance and reduction of fouling in membrane bioreactors (MBRs). This study was done based on the photoca MoreBackground and Objective: The object of this study is to investigate the effect of surface modification of Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane on filtration performance and reduction of fouling in membrane bioreactors (MBRs). This study was done based on the photocatalytic properties of TiO2 nanoparticles under ultraviolet light irradiation and to assess the effect of reducing membrane fouling in real EPS extraction of submerged membrane bioreactor as the main foulant. Method: Considering photocatalytic properties of TiO2 nanoparticles under ultraviolet light irradiation, PVDF/TiO2 performance in filtration of extracellular polymeric substances extracted (EPS) from membrane bioreactor which was used for oil refinery wastewater treatment and has been evaluated and compared with PVDF membrane without TiO2 nanoparticles. Findings: The results showed improvement of permeation flux and flux recovery ratio of nano-composite PVDF/TiO2 under UV radiation due to membrane super hydrophilicity which results in irreversible membrane resistance of EPS UV irradiated to 0.36×1012 m-1 and PVDF/TiO2 membrane total resistance reduction to about 44% comparing to pure PVDF membrane. According to the results by ultrafiltration combined with UV, the flux recovery of about 90% for PVDF/TiO2 membrane can be achieved. Discussion and Conclusions: Considering EPS as the main foulant of refinery MBRs, simultaneous UV irradiation ultrafiltration of EPS extracted from membrane bioreactor by PVDF/TiO2 membranes can be considered as an effective approached in fouling reduction research in future. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - Removal of Cationic Dye Malachite Green from Aqueous Solutions Using a Mixture of Carrageenan and Sodium Alginate Biopolymers in the Presence of Montmorillonite Nanoclay
Behjat Farrokhi Nasim Ziaefar Hossein SheikhloieBackground and Objectives: Cationic dye malachite green is one of the most important toxic compounds in industrial wastewater. Typically, physicochemical or biological methods are used to water treatment and wastewater containing high concentrations of malachite green. MoreBackground and Objectives: Cationic dye malachite green is one of the most important toxic compounds in industrial wastewater. Typically, physicochemical or biological methods are used to water treatment and wastewater containing high concentrations of malachite green. In the present study nanocomposite hydrogels based on carrageenan and sodium alginate in the presence of sodium montmorillonite as Nano clay were synthesized and then used to study the absorption of malachite green from aqueous samples. Methods: Acrylamide was used as a monomer, methylene base acrylamide as an organic cross linker and potassium sulfate as an initiator. The adsorption of cationic dye malachite green by the nanocomposite hydrogels was investigated. The structures of nanocomposite hydrogels were investigated by (FTIR, XRD and SEM) techniques. The effect analytical parameters such as pH, contact time for the removal of dye material by synthesized nanocomposite hydrogels were investigated and optimal conditions were obtained. Finding: According to the results, synthesized nanocomposite hydrogels are sensitive to pH and changes in the amount of carrageenan and sodium alginate. Equilibrium absorption time is 3 hours. The absorption isotherm with Langmuir model and absorption kinetics was more suitable for pseudo-second order kinetic models. Discussion & Conclusion: The rate of removal of malachite green dye increases with increasing amount of Nano clay in the acidic medium. Finally, it can be concluded that the bio-polymer mixture of carrageenan and sodium alginate in the presence of sodium montmorillonite nanoclay is a suitable absorbent to remove the malachite green dye from aqueous solutions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - Production of Geopolymeric Bricks and Mortar from the Indigenous Soil of the Village of Toutakhaneh to Protect the Organic Architectural Fabric
Ahmad Fahmi Alireza Babaeian Amini Ali Majnouni-Toutakhane Yaser MarabiBackground and Objective: The indigenous architecture of each region is derived from the facilities provided by the environment. By using new methods, local materials can be processed and used in construction in the same area. The soil of Toutakhaneh village has a high MoreBackground and Objective: The indigenous architecture of each region is derived from the facilities provided by the environment. By using new methods, local materials can be processed and used in construction in the same area. The soil of Toutakhaneh village has a high potential for producing bricks and geopolymer mortar. The advantage of geopolymer bricks and mortars is that while they cost less to produce, they do not need to be baked in a high-temperature oven and therefore play an important role in reducing greenhouse gases. Material and Methodology: In this study, the mixing design of geopolymer binder production based on Toutakhaneh red soil to produce construction materials such as bricks has been evaluated. For this purpose, raw materials including Toutakhaneh red soil as aluminosilicate, aggregate passing through standard sieve No. 8 as filler, and an alkaline activating solution containing industrial glass water and sodium hydroxide solution with different concentrations were used. Findings: According to the results, the compressive strength and water absorption percentage are very optimal for geopolymer bricks. Therefore, geopolymer bricks produced from Toutakhaneh red soil have the characteristics of low production cost, lower energy consumption, and minimal production of carbon dioxide. Also, the strength of geopolymer bricks is about 362.55% higher than clay bricks. The apparent similarity of geopolymer mortar with ordinary mortar is 83%. Discussion and Conclusion: The results of this study can be used in the field of restoration of worn texture, mortar for concrete structures, renovation, and restoration of historic and worn buildings, etc. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
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قاسمعلی عمرانی منوچهر وثوقی رویا مافی غلامی -
Open Access Article
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علی محمد لطیفی محمود تولایی حسین غفوریان امین نظری -
Open Access Article
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Nader Mokhtarani Hossein Ganjidust Manijhe Khaleghi Sarnamy Mahdi Borgheie -
Open Access Article
17 - تعیین حضور مایکوپلاسما گالی سپتیکوم و مایکوپلاسما سینوویه در سندرم تنفسی مرغان گوشتی شهرستان همدان با روش واکنش زنجیرهای پلیمراز.
محمد مهدی گوران جلال شایق -
Open Access Article
18 - بررسی شیوع نئوسپورا کانینوم در شیر نشخوارکنندگان به روش مولکولی
مهتاب علیپور ابراهیم رحیمی امیر شاکریان -
Open Access Article
19 - مقایسه ی روش کشت و واکنش زنجیرهای پلیمراز در شیوع هلیکوباکتر پولوروم جدا شده از نمونه های کبد مرغ و تعیین مقاومت آنتی بیوتیکی جدایه های بدست آمده
اشکان جبلی جوان سید حسام الدین عمادی چاشمی حمید استاجی حسین اخلاقی -
Open Access Article
20 - اثر ضد باکتریایی نانو کامپوزیتهای نقره/لاتریت و نقره/لاتریت/کیتوزان بر روی باکتریهای ایجادکننده عفونت در زخم های پوستی
نازیلا فرهنگی قلعه جوقی محمد رضا فرهپور مجتبی محمدی سعید جعفری راد ساناز مهمازی -
Open Access Article
21 - ردیابی ویروس لکه سفید در منابع وحشی سایت پرورش میگو بویرات استان بوشهر
رضا سلیقه زاده رضا موسائی بهنام پدرام -
Open Access Article
22 - تعیین جمعیت نسبی باکتریهای جنس کلستریدیوم نسبت به باکتریهای دیگر در دوازدهه، ژوژنوم، ایلئوم و روده کور جوجههای گوشتی در سنین مختلف با استفاده از روش غلظتسنجی مبتنی بر 16S rDNA
علیرضا صیداوی محمد چمنی -
Open Access Article
23 - تشخیص مولکولی میکروب کلامیدوفیلا پسیتاسی در تلفات و موارد مشکوک به عفونت با این عامل بیماریزا در طوطیسانان شهر تهران
مظاهر شریعت نزاد هادی حق بین نظر پاک نریمان شیخی -
Open Access Article
24 - خصوصیات فیلوژنتیکی ویروس کمخونی عفونی جوجه یافت شده در جوجه های گوشتی استان چهار محال و بختیاری، ایران
ایرج کریمی محمد رضا محزونیه جعفر براتی -
Open Access Article
25 - سنتز نانو ذرات قالب مولکولی بمنظور دارورسانی هدفمند و کنترل شده نیتراتها به قلب
علیرضا محب علی مجید عبدوس Seyed Mahmood Rezaieداروهای دهنده نیترات، یکی از مهمترین داروهای قلبی بوده که نقش بسیار مهمی در درمان بیماریهای قلبی دارند. نیمه عمر کوتاه، عوارض جانبی و مقاومت بدن در برابر این داروها، یکی از معضلات متخصصان در ارتباط با درمان بیماریهای مزمن قلبی است. پلیمرهای قالب مولکولوی بعنوان حاملی م Moreداروهای دهنده نیترات، یکی از مهمترین داروهای قلبی بوده که نقش بسیار مهمی در درمان بیماریهای قلبی دارند. نیمه عمر کوتاه، عوارض جانبی و مقاومت بدن در برابر این داروها، یکی از معضلات متخصصان در ارتباط با درمان بیماریهای مزمن قلبی است. پلیمرهای قالب مولکولوی بعنوان حاملی مطمئن می توانند مولکولهای دارو را به بافت مورد نظر رسانده و با رهایش آهسته نیمه عمر دارو را افزایش دهند. در این کار تحقیقاتی برای تهیه پلیمرها از پلیمریزاسیون رسوبی استفاده شد. در تصاویر میکروسکوپ الکترونی، مورفولوژی کروی پلیمرها با توپولوژی مناسب به اثبات رسید. ظرفیت جذب برای پلیمرها حساب شد و نسبت مولی بهینه اندازه گیری شد. مطالعات انجام شده in-vitro نشان می دهد که پلیمرهای قالب مولکولی می توانند حاملهای مطمئنی برای دارو رسانی هدفمند و آهسته رهش باشند.مطالعات انجام شده in-vitro نشان می دهد که پلیمرهای قالب مولکولی می توانند حاملهای مطمئنی برای دارو رسانی هدفمند و آهسته رهش باشند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - Different methods using GnRHa on out of season reproductive efficiency in male goldfish (Carassius auratus, Linnaeus 1758)
احسان احمدی فر محمدرضا ایمانپور کوروش امینی وحید زادمجید طیبه عنایت غلامپورThe present research aims to evaluate effects of different methods of LHRHa implants and injections on some biological properties of semen including sperm density, spermatocrit percentage, pH and duration of sperm motility during spermiogenesis, sperm volume during 21 d MoreThe present research aims to evaluate effects of different methods of LHRHa implants and injections on some biological properties of semen including sperm density, spermatocrit percentage, pH and duration of sperm motility during spermiogenesis, sperm volume during 21 days after treatment and testosterone hormone changes in the days after implant and injection (Spermiogenesis, 7, 14 and 21) after the treatment in male goldfish broodstock in non-reproduction season. Fish were included in 4 treatments (injection of normal saline 0.7%, EVAc 20 mg / kg body weight LHRHa with 40 micrograms / kg body weight Metoclopramide, cholesterol pellets containing 20 micrograms / kg body weight LHRHa with 40 mg / kg body weight Metoclopramide and 100 mg / kg LHRH with 40 mg / kg body weight Metoclopramide. sperm did not differ significantly between treatments (P ≥0.05). highest spermatocrit percentage was found in treatments EVAc and LHRHa (P ≥0.05). EVAc implants significantly increased sperm volume compared with other treatments during the 21 days after treatment (P ≥0.05). Mobility period in different treatments of male fish broodstock was differed significantly (P ≥0.05), so that mobility period in treatment EVAc mobility was higher than other treatments. PH of different treatments with the control group (Physiology serum injection) showed significant difference so that the lowest rate was observed in the control group (P ≥0.05). Changes in hormone testosterone showed that its rate in Spermiogenesis in EVAc and LHRHa injection treatments showed significant difference compared to other treats in off-season reproduction of goldfish Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - Study of drug resistance and TEM gene existence in clinical E.Coli isolates by PCR Method
samaneh ghafari vostaBackground and purpose: E.Coli, ESBL producers due to their resistance to different antibiotics, has created many health problems. Therefore, in this study, we investigate on TEM gene frequency in clinical isolates of Escherichia coli with a wide range lactamase produci MoreBackground and purpose: E.Coli, ESBL producers due to their resistance to different antibiotics, has created many health problems. Therefore, in this study, we investigate on TEM gene frequency in clinical isolates of Escherichia coli with a wide range lactamase producing (ESBL) in Razi Hospital of Ghaemshahr City. Materials and methods: 1200 urine samples from inpatients and outpatients Gaemshahr Razi Hospital were studied and the final confirmation E.Coli were done by using biochemical methods. Afterwards, susceptibilities to antibiotics of different classes were determined by disc diffusion method and presence of TEM gene was checked by using PCR method and verified by sequencing. Results: The results showed that 74 isolates are E. coli. In results of Antibiogram, it was found that the most resistance of this bacteria is again antibiotics nalidixic acid with 53 samples (6/71%) and the least resistance of bacteria is again antibiotics gentamicin with 11 samples (15%). In addition, among 74 isolates of E. coli, 30 strains (5/40%) of ESBL were positive (30 of 74) and from these 30 samples, 9 samples (30%) were TEM gene (9 of 30). Conclusion: According to the results of this study, although TEM gene had no significant frequency, ESBL frequency indicates that, for treatment, prescribing antibiotics should be performed by more careful to prevent increase in strains resistant to antibiotics. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - Preparation of Mint essential oil and its encapsulation using Sodium Alginate, Starch and Maltodextrin Polymers
Gholam Reza Najafi Homa Ahmadi Mahboubeh A. SharifBecause the role of essential oils and aromatic substances in plants is lost due to chemical evaporation or chemical instability over time, Many methods have been used to increase the stability and durability of essential oils, and encapsulation is one of the most impor MoreBecause the role of essential oils and aromatic substances in plants is lost due to chemical evaporation or chemical instability over time, Many methods have been used to increase the stability and durability of essential oils, and encapsulation is one of the most important ones. In this study, micro or nanocapsules containing mint essential oil were prepared by coacervation and freeze drying methods using various polymers such as sodium alginate, starch and malto dextrin. Initially, with different weighing of each of the polymers, solutions were prepared with deionized water to achieve the best concentration. The ultrasound homogenizer was then used to homogenize, and the mint essence was gradually added to the homogeneous solution. The capsules were prepared immediately after preparing homogeneous polymer and essential oil mixtures. After that, the capsules were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy(SEM). The type of polymer, polymer concentration and mixing speed are among the factors affecting the type of capsule and how the mint essence is released. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
29 - Investigating levothyroxine drug release on synthesized nanocomposite containing magnetic cores covered with alginate polymer and metal-organic framework
Zaynab Madadi Fadaeian Manochehr Mohammad Ali GhasemzadeObjectives: Levothyroxine drug is used to treat thyroid diseases, which is one of the most common chronic diseases in the world, and considering that levothyroxine is a hydrophobic drug with low solubility and low stability, it requires an advanced drug delivery system. MoreObjectives: Levothyroxine drug is used to treat thyroid diseases, which is one of the most common chronic diseases in the world, and considering that levothyroxine is a hydrophobic drug with low solubility and low stability, it requires an advanced drug delivery system. Among the targeted drug delivery systems, magnetically modified porous carriers have a high capacity to store drugs due to the presence of side groups, the adaptability of its porosity, and release it over a long period of time and instead of spreading throughout the body, it affects only the desired cell. he does.Materials and methods: The present research deals with preparing and identifying the metal-organic framework and investigating its performance in levothyroxine drug loading and release. First, MnCuFe2O4 nanoparticles were synthesized and covered by alginate polysaccharide. After that, the metal-organic framework 66-UiO was placed on it and the three-layer composite MnCuFe2O4@Alginate@UiO-66 was made.Findings: loading and release of levothyroxine drug on the synthesized nanocarrier was investigated at pH 7.4. The fabricated nanocomposite was examined by various methods such as SEM, EDX, FT-IR, BET. Nanocomposite was made with cheap and biodegradable raw materials such as alginate using an easy method with targeted drug delivery and magnetic strength.Conclusions: This nanocomposite with 87% loading capacity and 73% levothyroxine release can be used as a new and targeted drug delivery system. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
30 - Analysis of the phenomenon of scattering in polymer optical fibers
Hani shahnazari Hadi ShahnazarisaniIn recent years, Polymer Optical Fibers (POFS) have been widely used for short-distance communication connections and various estimation applications due to their amplifying properties, large core diameter and high numerical aperture. Be that coplagenuria has made them MoreIn recent years, Polymer Optical Fibers (POFS) have been widely used for short-distance communication connections and various estimation applications due to their amplifying properties, large core diameter and high numerical aperture. Be that coplagenuria has made them comfortable. Dispersion is one of the issues that affects the performance of polymer optical fibers and affects and limits the maximum transmission distance and information transfer capacity. For this reason, the study of the phenomenon of scattering in these fibers has become widespread today. In this paper, the scattering of light intensity is measured, and the far and near field patterns, ie for Field and near Field, are obtained for this light scattering, and simulations are performed using a precise computational model based on the wave tracking method. And the location of the conduction scattering intensity in each polymer optical fiber and the far and near field patterns obtained from the output of these fibers are measured and determined by the simulation results, which is more than the average size of the effective non-uniformities leading to scattering. In optical fibers, they are polymerized at about 200 nm, and these non-uniformities occur at the interface between the core and the shell. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
31 - hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity of grafted surfaces
E. Bi-Azar G.R. Shah-Hosseini M. Enayat-olahi M. Shapourgan R. Haghgo M. Rangi -
Open Access Article
32 - Synthesis of New Titania-Silica-Iron nanocomposite for Photocatalytic Degradation of Methyl Orange as a Water Pollutant Model
M. Saeedfar M. Sadeghpour V. Tajer -
Open Access Article
33 - Nano β-TCP/PE scaffold are biocompatible, nontoxic, and act to stimulate proliferation of osteoblast cells
M. Farrokhi M.A. Shekargozar M. Bagheri F. Rajaei E. Ghasemi S. Bonakdar -
Open Access Article
34 - Static and Dynamic Wetting Behaviour of Copper Surfaces with a Nanostructured Roughness Fabricated by a Two-Stage Chemical Approach
F. Asjadi F. Esmaeilian M. Mehri A.H. Ghadimyari -
Open Access Article
35 - Determining the Optimal Conditions for In-situ Grown Carbon Nanotubes on Carbon Paper Substrate by Chemical Vapor Deposition as an Electrocatalytic Electrode for Polymer Fuel cell
H. Rajaei-Litkohi A. Bahari -
Open Access Article
36 - Fabrication of a Conductive and Super-hydrophobe Layer on Cotton Fabric by Admicellar Polymerization Method and Alkyl Silanes Modification
R. Khajavi A. Berendjchi -
Open Access Article
37 - Polymeric Sol-gel Method to Preparation LaNi0.6Fe0.4O3 and LaNiO3 Perovskite Nanostructures
F. Azizi K. Arzani M. Tamizifar S. Baghshahi A. Khanfekr -
Open Access Article
38 - Nano-clay Surface Modification with Amphoteric Surfactant for Use in Polymer-clay Nanocomposites
M. Enkari S. Enayattollahy -
Open Access Article
39 - Synthesis and application of core-shell magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer for the selective extraction of metronidazole from biological fluids: Isotherms and kinetic
Raheleh Sanjari maryam kazemipour mehdi ansari leila zeidabadinejadIn this work, a molecular imprinted polymer as a novel selective sorbent for extraction ofmetronidazole from plasma sample was prepared. For selecting a more suitable monomer and polymerization solvent a methodology based on density functional theory calculations was de MoreIn this work, a molecular imprinted polymer as a novel selective sorbent for extraction ofmetronidazole from plasma sample was prepared. For selecting a more suitable monomer and polymerization solvent a methodology based on density functional theory calculations was developed. This computational design is based on the comparison of energies of the prepolymerization adducts between the template and different functional monomers. The effect of polymerization solvent was studied using of polarizable continuum model. First of all structures were drawn separately and complex using software Guassian view. The structures optimization was performed using DFT computations at B3LYP level with 6-311G(d) basis set. The outputs were investigated to determine interaction hydrogen using the mechanical quantum and natural bond orbital. The polymers were characterized by techniques such Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The removal mechanism drugs was evaluated by using Langmuir and Freundlich isotherin. This MIP was used as a selective sorbent in coupled with high performance liquid chromatography for rapid screening of metronidazol. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
40 - Effect of carboxymethyl cellulose-based nanocomposite coating on internal quality and eggshell morphology during storage at ambient temperature
ali akbar sharifi dariush khademi shurmastiIn order to investigate the effect of biodegradable nanocomposite edible coatings carboxymethylcellulose-based on the internal quality and morphology of the table eggshell surface an experimental with 120 eggs in a completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 3 re MoreIn order to investigate the effect of biodegradable nanocomposite edible coatings carboxymethylcellulose-based on the internal quality and morphology of the table eggshell surface an experimental with 120 eggs in a completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 3 replicates were performed. Treatments included uncoated eggs (control), eggs containing carboxymethylcellulose coating, eggs containing carboxymethylcellulose-oleic acid coating and eggs containing carboxymethylcellulose-oleic acid-nanoclay nanocomposite coating. Coating was done by immersion method and the eggs were stored at ambient temperature (25±1oc) for 5 weeks. Internal quality parameters were evaluated at the end of weeks 1, 3 and 5 and eggshell surface morphology at the beginning and end of the experimental period. The results showed that eggs containing nanocomposite coating at the end of storage period have the lowest percentage of weight loss and the lowest numerical value of thiobarbituric acid index (P <0.05) and the highest numerical value of albumen pH, the highest numerical values of yolk index and haugh units (P <0.05). In addition, the surface of the eggshell containing nanocomposite coating was more integrated and less porous and fractured than the control group. Therefore, the nanocomposite coating of carboxymethylcellulose-oleic acid-nanoclay can be used as a biocompatible packaging for storage eggs at ambient temperature for 5 weeks without adversely affecting the internal quality and eggshell. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
41 - Optimization of gel formulation containing CMC, HPMC, and PVA enhanced cosmetic, hygiene, and pharmaceutical applications using central composite design (CCD)
Rezvan Ahmadi pour Farzaneh EbrahimzadehIn this study, the characteristics of gels produced from polymers including carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) were investigated as functions of transparency preservation, pH, and viscosity retention over a p MoreIn this study, the characteristics of gels produced from polymers including carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) were investigated as functions of transparency preservation, pH, and viscosity retention over a period of 60 days. The investigation was conducted using Design Expert software and by employing a design of experiments based on a Central Composite Design (CCD) model. Changes in the weight ratio of the gel producer's implementation are considered the independent variable, while variations in pH, transparency, and viscosity changes of the produced gels over a 60-day period are recognized as the dependent variables. The variations in viscosity over the course of 60 days, at time intervals of 1, 7, 14, 28, and 60 days, for CMC, HPMC, and PVA individually, indicate that without the presence of a cross-linking agent, viscosity undergoes changes over time. Through a detailed analysis of the results obtained from 16 designed experiments, the optimal gel formulation, which ensures the preservation of structure, transparency, and pH within the neutral range, as well as the retention of viscosity over time, was predicted. This optimal formulation consists of a weight ratio of 9.68% CMC, 1.27% HPMC, and 4% PVA. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
42 - Identification and ranking of competitive advantage factors affecting, the choice problemof polymeric materials using fuzzy hybrid approach.
morteza yousefi Nabiollah Mohammadi Homa DoroudiToday, due to the complexity and involvement of various factors in the discussion of material selection, manufacturers in the field of competition need a strong and scientific tool that identify all the factors influencing the choice of materials, determine the importan MoreToday, due to the complexity and involvement of various factors in the discussion of material selection, manufacturers in the field of competition need a strong and scientific tool that identify all the factors influencing the choice of materials, determine the importance these factors and balance them .In this research, we try to present a fuzzy hybrid approach to identify and prioritize the factors influencing the selection of automotive polymeric materials. For this purpose, after reviewing the experimental records by surveying organizational experts and using fuzzy Delphi technique, we identified and screened the factors of competitive advantage affecting the selection of materials and we weighted and prioritized these factors using fuzzy hierarchical analysis technique. Based on the results obtained by fuzzy Delphi technique, five indicators: economic, technical, environmental, social and technology inclusive of 29 related sub-indicators, identified and Sieved. Then we calculated the importance of indices and sub-indices using fuzzy hierarchical analysis technique. The results showed that the highest importance is related to technical and economic indicators and the least importance is related to technology index. In addition,from the economic index Sub-index the market value, From the technical index Sub-index the weight, From the environmental index Sub-index the recyclability, From the social index Sub-index the health and safety and from the technology index Sub-index the current facilities, obtained the highest degree of importance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
43 - Geopolymer concrete, a way for green construction and sustainable urban development
Alireza EsparhamDue to its unique qualities, concrete is the second most extensively utilized material in the construction sector after water. However, the Portland cement manufacturing method has significant downsides, as one ton of Portland cement produces approximately one ton of ca MoreDue to its unique qualities, concrete is the second most extensively utilized material in the construction sector after water. However, the Portland cement manufacturing method has significant downsides, as one ton of Portland cement produces approximately one ton of carbon dioxide. As a result, it appears that an alternative to Portland cement is required. The notion of "waste-free" development and the manufacturing of new materials with a lower environmental impact than the priorities, on the other hand, will be the aims of future cities' sustainable development. To continue developing environmentally friendly materials, it is vital to understand the environmental stimuli of new materials as well as assess the environmental effects of traditional building materials. Geopolymer has recently gained popularity as a sustainable, environmentally acceptable substance that can be used instead of Portland cement. Geopolymers are ceramic-like materials with three-dimensional poly-compact structures that are made by chemically activating aluminum and silica-containing solids at low temperatures. Trash or by-products from industry can be used to make geopolymer concrete for use in building, such as coal combustion ash, smelting furnace slag, construction waste, or agricultural waste such as rice paddy. The purpose of this article is to look at the viability of using geopolymer technology in sustainable materials for sustainable urban development in order to reduce pollution and analyze the life cycle. Based on research findings, geopolymer concretes have much better mechanical and chemical quality and also much less energy consumption than conventional concrete and have significant environmental benefits. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
44 - مروری کوتاه بر تاثیر نانوذرات معدنی بر عملکرد سلولهای خورشیدی پلیمری P3HT/PCBM
سیده لاله موسوی -
Open Access Article
45 - Investigation of Nano-particle in reduction of polymer adsorption on rock surface during reservoir flooding and reduction of optimum injected polymer concentration toward reservoir with an environmental approach
Majid Dastanian Naser Akhlaghi Olghi Seyed Jamal Sheykh ZakariyaeeToday's the mostly of oil reservoirs specially Iranian south-west oil reservoirs due to production from these reservoirs are at their second half of life. Water or gas injection at secondary enhanced oil recovery (EOR) in order to stabilize or reduction of pressure depl MoreToday's the mostly of oil reservoirs specially Iranian south-west oil reservoirs due to production from these reservoirs are at their second half of life. Water or gas injection at secondary enhanced oil recovery (EOR) in order to stabilize or reduction of pressure depletion it will no longer be responsible for reducing production. Therefore, tertiary EOR methods are used to prevent the loss of production. One of the tertiary EOR methods is using chemical injections. Injection of chemicals into oil reservoirs is used to increase the viscosity of the injected fluid, to reduce the interfacial tension between the injected fluid and the fluid produced, as well as to change the wettability of the reservoir rock. One of these chemicals, which is mainly used in relatively high permeability reservoirs, is polymers that are used to increase the viscosity of the injected fluid and also increase the mobility ratio of the reservoir fluids. This leads to the relatively piston sweeping of the produced fluid in the reservoir and also the postponement of the moment to reach the breakthrough time. One of the main challenges in the injection of polymers into oil reservoirs is the absorption of these polymers on the reservoir rock, which in addition to reducing the polymer's effectiveness in the entire injection region, also increases the cost of injection. Therefore, in this study, the effect of nanoparticles in order to reduce the adsorption of polymers on the reservoir and therefore the less polymer needed to achieve a specific production in the reservoir and, consequently, to reduce the environmental damage in order to produce polymers and also to inject them into oil reservoirs have been dealt with. The results show a decrease in polymer adsorption by the nanoparticles studied. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
46 - Experimental Investigation of a Hybrid System of Fuel cell/Thermoelectric for Waste Heat Recovery
نادر رهبر مصطفی حسنیIn this article, waste heat recovery from a PEM fuel cell using of thermoelectric generators has been experimentally evaluated. An experimental setup has been constructed which consists of a heat exchanger, thermoelectric modules and heat sink with built-in temperature MoreIn this article, waste heat recovery from a PEM fuel cell using of thermoelectric generators has been experimentally evaluated. An experimental setup has been constructed which consists of a heat exchanger, thermoelectric modules and heat sink with built-in temperature sensors. The setup is evaluated under operating conditions of a 5 kW PEM fuel cell. The results of the experimental setup shows that use of thermoelectric generators can be a good strategy for the recovery of waste heat from PEM fuel cells. For this purpose, the design of the heat exchanger in the hot and cold side of the thermoelectric are very important. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
47 - Optimization of Reactor’s Temperature and Catalyst Weight in Polymeric Waste Fuel Conversion Process
سیدحسین هاشمی سیدعبدالرسول هاشمی محمود دین محمد عباس نیکنامToday with significant increase in production of polymeric products and advances in polymer science and technology, the importance of efficient management of polymeric waste has gain an even more significance. From efficient and practical solutions proposed in this fiel MoreToday with significant increase in production of polymeric products and advances in polymer science and technology, the importance of efficient management of polymeric waste has gain an even more significance. From efficient and practical solutions proposed in this field, recycling these wastes in order to produce gaseous and liquid fuels can be named as a valid and feasible solution. In addition to protecting the environment, this solution is a good replacement for natural fuels. Therefore, this research aims to increase the fuel efficiency and quality of plastic waste products via catalytic pyrolysis process. In this research, an expanded mathematical model is presented, and by using two methods of response surface and genetic algorithm, the proposed model and its parameters (reactor’s temperature and catalyst weight), for finding the optimal conditions shall be investigated. According to evaluation of base variance algorithm, the scale of deviation based on the expanded model, for liquid and gaseous fuel efficiencies is calculated to be 0.9641 and 0.9655 respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
48 - بهبود ایمنی خودرو در مقابل تصادف با استفاده از پوشش نانو ماده مرکب
احمد بیدی غلامحسین لیاقت عادل سپهر -
Open Access Article
49 - The Hydrogels and Their Novel Application
Amir SepehrianazarHydrogels are 3-D (three-dimensional) polymers that when encountered with water do not dissolve but they get swell. The hydrogel swelling is different in various conditions and parameters such as temperature, pH, and ionic strength. They show different responses and spe MoreHydrogels are 3-D (three-dimensional) polymers that when encountered with water do not dissolve but they get swell. The hydrogel swelling is different in various conditions and parameters such as temperature, pH, and ionic strength. They show different responses and specifies. Generally, hydrogels are produced by two methods: chemical and radiation methods. Vinyl hydrogels are the most applicable ones by worldwide polyamorists', but, because of the rare existence of vinylamine, Poly(allylamine) gets important and is available. Interpenetrating polymer networks (IPN)) hydrogels can be prepared by Poly(allylamine) and used to absorb nitrophenols from wastewater. In recent years, Poly(allylamine) was produced using glutaraldehyde and epichlorohydrin as a cross-linker agent. The optimum amount of cross-linker was found to achieve the maximum swelling degree. UV–Vis spectroscopy was utilized to determine the dynamic change of the 4-nitrophenol concentration. The results revealed the complete absorption of the 4-nitrophenol pollutant. They suggest the prepared semi-IPN hydrogel is an appropriate system for treating wastewater Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
50 - Preparation and characterization of co hydrogel (Vinyl Pyrrolidone- Methacrylic acid) by free radical polymerization method
amir sepehrian azar afsaneh mohammadpour hamed elmiHydrogels are three dimensional polymers that do not dissolve in water, but they swell. One of the most important physical properties of hydrogels is their swelling in water [1]. Polyvinylpyrrolidone is widely used for its biocompatibility behavier [2]. Methacrylic acid MoreHydrogels are three dimensional polymers that do not dissolve in water, but they swell. One of the most important physical properties of hydrogels is their swelling in water [1]. Polyvinylpyrrolidone is widely used for its biocompatibility behavier [2]. Methacrylic acid also has many uses due to its COOH group. In this project, co hydrogel (vinyl pyrrolidone-methacrylic acid) was prepared by using free radical polymerization at 65 ° C for 5 hours and45 minutes using AIBN as a initiator and methylene bis acrylamide as a crosslinking agent. Then, at different pH and different temperatures and intensity of different ions, the maximum swelling at pH = 12 and in the ratio 1: 1,8000%, and the minimum swelling at pH=12 in ratio 1:2 was obtained. To identify the structure we use FTIR and for thermal identification we use T.G.A. And the maximum degradation for these hydrogels was at 75 ° C due to the high swelling rate. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
51 - Evaluation of the efficiency of halogenated compounds in the rate of late combustion of ABS in order to produce flame retardant grades
Behzad Pourhassan Alafi Behnaz Memar MaherPolymers have been substituted for metal in many applications due to their good mechanical and chemical properties, but their flammability has limited their use, and many studies have been performed to improve the flame retardancy of polymers. Thermal pyrolysis of polym MorePolymers have been substituted for metal in many applications due to their good mechanical and chemical properties, but their flammability has limited their use, and many studies have been performed to improve the flame retardancy of polymers. Thermal pyrolysis of polymers leads to the formation of highly reactive radical species • O •, H and • OH [3]. The first two species are mainly converted to hydroxyl radicals (• OH). OH's participation in the exothermic reaction provides the heat needed to spread the flame. Inhibition (• OH) prevents the flame from advancing. Halogen flame retardants, which produce radical halogens, release phosphate inhibitors that release HPO, PO, or PO2, inhibiting OH. To reduce the flammability of polymers, either the polymer structure can be manipulated or the surface coating of the polymer textiles can be barrier-layered. The flame retardant halogen in the produced samples weakens the mechanical properties compared to the observed grade. In flame retardant, as the percentage of halogenated flame retardant compounds in the polymer increases, the polymer flame retardant increases in approximately the same proportion. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
52 - A review on the Smart Polymer Nanocomposites and their Applications
Aida AdinehAsl Farzaneh Ghaffari Mehrab Fallahi-SamberanPolymeric materials that hold the capacity to reply toward exterior stimuli are denoted as stimuli responsive polymers or smart polymers. Smart polymers experience a great reversible change, either chemical or physical, in their properties as a significance of minor eco MorePolymeric materials that hold the capacity to reply toward exterior stimuli are denoted as stimuli responsive polymers or smart polymers. Smart polymers experience a great reversible change, either chemical or physical, in their properties as a significance of minor ecological differences. They can reply to a single, dual, or multiple stimulus such as the electric field, temperature, magnetic field, pH, light intensity, living molecules, etc. In this paper, the main objective is to elaborate the importance of smart polymers and their composite materials at the nano scale. Smart polymer classification along with the most familiar synthesis methods and some most common applications are briefly summarized in this paper. Some common applications of smart polymers are discussed here such as sensor/ biosensor, wastewater treatment, data storage devices, cancer therapy and surgery devices, drug delivery system, etc. The multidisciplinary exploration concerning very diverse disciplines will be essential to offer advances in smart polymer nanocomposite and their several types of application. Polymer chemists, organic/inorganic chemists, material scientists, ecologists, pharmacologists, and therapeutic specialists will have to work together toward realizing innovative materials to meet the requirements of the emerging modern civilization. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
53 - Preparation, Properties and Applications of Acrylic acid/ Acrylamide Based Hydrogels: A Review
Mehrab Fallahi-Samberan Tannaz Soltanolzakerin- SorkhabiHydrogels are among the well-liked biomaterials due to their biocompatibility, biodegradability and non-toxic properties which can be used in various applications in the field of engineering and medicine such as agriculture, pharmaceuticals, biomedical and cosmetic indu MoreHydrogels are among the well-liked biomaterials due to their biocompatibility, biodegradability and non-toxic properties which can be used in various applications in the field of engineering and medicine such as agriculture, pharmaceuticals, biomedical and cosmetic industry. Hydrogels are hydrophilic components that have the capability to absorb water or biological fluid. Hydrogels can be synthesized by polymer crosslinking. Applications, common synthesis and physical, chemical, mechanical and morphological properties of hydrogels are targeted to be understood through this review, focusing on acrylic acid and acrylamide based hydrogels and their application in medicine. Hydrogels have been used as a drug delivery system in varying medical areas from cardiology, oncology, immunology and wound healing to pain management. The main objective of this review is to gather information about the hydrogels such as acrylic acid, acrylamide, and preparation method of these hydrogels using N,N-methylenebisacrylamide (MBAA-crosslinker), ammonium persulfate (APS-initiator), tetramethylethylenediamine (TEMEDA-catalyst), and Fe+3 (ionic cross linker). future perspective of hydrogel materials is also considered in this review. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
54 - Fabrication of molecular template composite as an electrochemical sensor
Yasna salimonnafs Behnaz Memar Maher Leila Amirkhani Fahimeh DerakhshanfardCeftriaxone is one of the antibiotics used to treat some infectious diseases. The wide range of applications and sensitivity in the correct use of this drug doubles the necessity of measuring this drug. Many methods including chromatography have been used to measure it. MoreCeftriaxone is one of the antibiotics used to treat some infectious diseases. The wide range of applications and sensitivity in the correct use of this drug doubles the necessity of measuring this drug. Many methods including chromatography have been used to measure it. Using the voltammetry method for measuring drugs is considered a bonus because of its accuracy, speed, and reasonable price. In this research work and in the modified electrode design, reduced graphene oxide to increase the sensitivity of the electrode; molecular template polymer made with methacrylic acid and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate to increase selectivity; And the electropolymerization of diphenylamine was used to stabilize the molecular template polymer on the electrode surface and increase the sensitivity. After several optimization steps, the designed electrode was used to measure small amounts of ceftriaxone. The linear range was between 0.025-3.047 μM and the detection limit was 0.008 μM. The designed electrode was successfully used to measure ceftriaxone in pharmaceutical and biological environments. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
55 - Synthesis of poly(maleic acid-co-acrylic acid) hydrogel for removing cadmium ion from sewage effluents and evaluation of thermodynamic and kinetic properties of its absorption.
Arman Samadzadeh Mamaghani Mohammadreza Manafi Mohammad HojjatiPMA-AA hydrogel was synthesized by copolymerizing acrylic acid and maleic acid by free radical polymerization and using methylene bis acrylamide crosslinker and ammonium persulfate initiator. It is an efficient adsorbent for removing Cd2+ ions from wastewater. The resul MorePMA-AA hydrogel was synthesized by copolymerizing acrylic acid and maleic acid by free radical polymerization and using methylene bis acrylamide crosslinker and ammonium persulfate initiator. It is an efficient adsorbent for removing Cd2+ ions from wastewater. The resulting hydrogel was evaluated by infrared spectrometry and thermogravimetric analysis. The results of OH stretching vibration of AA and MA carboxylic functional groups showed a large and broad absorption band at 3000 cm-1. The C=O stretching frequency of the carboxyl group at 1631 cm-1 in PMA-AA hydrogel shifted to 1636 cm-1, these changes in frequency indicate that hydrogel adsorption is a chemical process. Thermogravimetric analysis of the unloaded PMA-AA hydrogel showed no weight loss up to 155 °C of the free gel, but at 190 °C, there was a significant weight loss, indicating hydrogel decomposition. This rapid weight loss for gels loaded with Cd2+ at 360°C indicated an increase in thermal stability of the loaded hydrogel. The maximum adsorption capacity for hydrogel -Cd2+ was determined to be 392.51 mg/g. The Langmuir isotherm provided the best explanation for the present result. This is because the surface of the hydrogel is homogeneous so its absorption is monolayer, the pseudo-second-order kinetic model explain the absorption well, and also the thermodynamic analysis shows that the absorption of Cd2+ on hydrogel is exothermic. The PMA-AA hydrogel loaded with Cd2+ ions was desorbed and still maintained the adsorption capacity of 99.30% after four adsorption-desorption cycles. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
56 - Manufacturing of Smart Polymer Nanocomposites via Physical Methods
Aida AdinehAsl Farzaneh Ghaffari Mehrab Fallahi-SamberanNature is full of examples of smart or stimuli-responsive materials. Leaves of the Dionaea muscipula (venus flytrap) can capture insects, leaflets of Codariocalyx motorius and Helianthus annuus can rotate under exposure to sunlight, leaves of Mimosa pudica can collapse MoreNature is full of examples of smart or stimuli-responsive materials. Leaves of the Dionaea muscipula (venus flytrap) can capture insects, leaflets of Codariocalyx motorius and Helianthus annuus can rotate under exposure to sunlight, leaves of Mimosa pudica can collapse when shaken or touched and Chamaeleonidae or Octopoda change their color depending on the environmental condition or situation. These natural phenomena have attracted the attention of researchers for a long time, and various attempts have been made to imitate this behavior using synthetic materials. In this sense, the synthesis, properties, and application of stimuli-responsive polymers have become one of the most important research lines of polymer science. Smart polymers or stimuli-responsive polymers undergo large reversible changes, either physical or chemical, in their properties as a consequence of small environmental variations. They can respond to a single stimulus or multiple stimuli such as temperature, pH, electric or magnetic field, light intensity, biological molecules, etc., that induce macroscopic responses in the material, such as swelling/collapse or solution-to-gel transitions, depending on the physical state of the chains. The addition of nanofillers can enhance the performance of stimuli-responsive polymers (e.g., shape stabilization, shape recovery, self-healing ability) due to high specific surface area, nucleation effects, reinforcement effects, and intrinsic functions (e.g., thermal conductivity, electrical conductivity). This research work tries to provide a wide review of physical methods of nanomaterial and smart polymer nanocomposite preparation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
57 - The Effect of Super Absorbent Application on Yield and Yield Components of Rain-fed Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Genotypes under Supplemental Irrigation Conditions
Seyedeh Nesa Shahrokhi Ahmad Naderi Payam Pezeshkpour Mani Mojaddam Adel ModhejIn order to study the responses of chickpea genotypes and super absorbent application under supplemental irrigation condition, an experiment was conducted base on split-split- plot randomized complete block design with four replications during 2014-2015 in the Agricultu MoreIn order to study the responses of chickpea genotypes and super absorbent application under supplemental irrigation condition, an experiment was conducted base on split-split- plot randomized complete block design with four replications during 2014-2015 in the Agricultural Research Station of Sarab Changaei, Khorramabad. Suplimental irrigation (rainfed, suplimental irrigation at 50% flowering and supplemental irrigation at 50% flowering+ 50% poding) in the main plots, super absorbent polymer in subplot and cultivars (Arman, Azad, Hashem, Adel and ILC482) the sub-subplots were located. The highest grain yield and protein yield were obtained in supplementary irrigation in two stages (50% flowering + 50% poding) with super absorbent application, by avrege of 3890 and 870 kg.ha-1, respectively, which were 24% and 21% higher than control, respectively. The highest leaf greenness (39.22), pods per plant (22.1), seed weight (52.4) and biological yield (5413.5) were related to two-stage irrigation. The highest number of pods per plant (27.7) was observed in Hashem cultivar and superabsorbent application, which was 34% more than non- super absorbent in same cultivar. Results of genotype× super absorbent showed that the highest grain yield (4159 kg.ha-1), grain nitrogen percentage (3.69) and protein yield (960 kg.ha-1) were obtained under super absorbent and Adel cultivar conditions. Based on the results, application of supera bsorbent increased grain yield and protein yield of chickpea genotype in rain-fed conditions. By improving physiological traits, associated with drought tolerance, the use of supplemental irrigation method in areas that make this possible, especially if combined with the application of super absorbent polymers, can increase seed yield in chickpea. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
58 - Evaluation of Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Performance for Removal of Oxytetracycline from Aqueous and milk
S. Jafari Mohammad Dehghani Elham Ghorashi Navid NasirizadehAmong the growing concerns over recent decades in the field of environmental pollution, is the use of antibiotics increase bacterial resistance to antibiotics used in human body. The aim of this research was to synthesis of Molecularly Imprinted Polymer (MIP) particles MoreAmong the growing concerns over recent decades in the field of environmental pollution, is the use of antibiotics increase bacterial resistance to antibiotics used in human body. The aim of this research was to synthesis of Molecularly Imprinted Polymer (MIP) particles for the Oxytetracycline (OTC) antibiotic removal from the aqueous and milk. The influence of different parameters such as pH (2-10), contact time (5-120 min) and MIP amounts (0.1 – 1.0 g/L) was studied on optimization of OTC removal. The synthesized MIP particles was characterized by scanning electron microscopy and absorption and desorption of nitrogen (BET). The results showed that the removal efficiency is higher in neutral pH and with increasing amounts of MIP particle, removal efficiency increases. The best condition for OTC removal was determined at pH, 6.5, 90 min and 280 mg/g as maximum absorption capacity. The MIP performance for OTC removal from milk was investigated too. The performance of MIP polymer particles in OTC removal in milk samples supplied from an animal husbandry in Yazd showed that these adsorbents can help to effectively reduce the residues of drug contaminants in dairy samples. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
59 - Developing an sensitive and selective method for determination of tetra- butyl benzoquinone in edible oils
H. Pourmadadkar N. Nasirizadeh S. Jafari M. DehghaniThe presence of trace amount of Tetra -butyl hydroquinone or its metabolite, Tetra -butyl benzoquinone (TBQ), may inhibit cell proliferation and cause biologic abnormalities due to the high prevalence of thiolate groups of proteins or cell walls. The aim of this study w MoreThe presence of trace amount of Tetra -butyl hydroquinone or its metabolite, Tetra -butyl benzoquinone (TBQ), may inhibit cell proliferation and cause biologic abnormalities due to the high prevalence of thiolate groups of proteins or cell walls. The aim of this study was to fabrication an electrochemical nanosensor based on molecular imprinted polymer to detection of TBQ in edible oil. This study was a methodologic study. The statistical population included edible oil samples containing TBQ. The effect of different factors such as amount of MIP and MWCNT for production of ceramic carbon electrodes as well as pH of preconcentration solution and the incubation time of the prepared nanosensor in the solution on the oxidation signal of TBQ was optimized by response surface methodology. Differential pulsed voltammetry has been used to determine the TBQ in oil samples. The Morphologies of MIP and prepared sensors were described by scanning electron microscopy. Optimal conditions for the separation and determination of TBQ in edible oil, including 10 mg of multiwall carbon nanotube, 30 mg of MIP for preparing a modified carbon ceramic electrode, and 8 minutes as incubation time in a 0.1 M phosphate buffer solution with pH 10 was obtained. The proposed method is capable of detecting TBQ in edible oil samples at a concentration range of 6 - 680 nM with a detection limit of 3.1 nM. Based on the results, the proposed sensor can be used as a suitable tool for determination of TBQ in edible oil samples in industries and laboratories. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
60 - Investigating the prevalence, genetic diversity and antibiotic resistance of Clostridium difficile in local and industrial chicken and turkey meat in sales centers of Chahar Mahal and Bakhtiari province.
akbar ansariyan barezi Amir Shakerian ebrahim rahimi zahra esfandiyariClostridium difficile is an obligate anaerobic, spore-forming bacterium with a length of 3-5 micrometers and most important enteropathogens in humans and livestock. Antibiotic use has been introduced as one of the most important risk factors in the spread of this diseas MoreClostridium difficile is an obligate anaerobic, spore-forming bacterium with a length of 3-5 micrometers and most important enteropathogens in humans and livestock. Antibiotic use has been introduced as one of the most important risk factors in the spread of this disease. Antibiotics such as amoxicillin, erythromycin, lincomycin, clindamycin, linozoid, metopenem, metronidazole, amoxifloxacin, penicillin, pyracillin, tetracycline, and vancomycin have been introduced as common cases of "nosocomial Clostridium difficile infection". The purpose of this study is to investigate the prevalence, antibiotic resistance and genetic diversity of Clostridium difficile bacteria as a possible new foodborne pathogen in 300 domestic and industrial chicken and turkey meat samples in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari provinces. The samples were grown in CDMN agar culture medium after an enrichment step to isolate Clostridium difficile. To determine the characteristics of the toxin, tcdA and tcdB genes were identified through multiplex PCR. The antibiotic sensitivity of these isolates was monitored based on the MIC test. The results showed that the highest prevalence was related to native chicken meat (5.6%) and the lowest prevalence was related to industrial turkey meat (1%). The genes responsible for the production of tcdB and tcdA toxins were observed in all Clostridium difficile isolates. Also, the highest resistance was related to erythromycin (14.85%) and the lowest resistance was related to vancomycin (97.38%). According to the isolation of two main genes causing hospital infection in clinical environments in the present study, the establishment of health systems in relation to the storage of the studied meats is necessary.. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
61 - PCR assays for detection of Toxoplasma gondii infection in Iranian camels (Camelus dromedarius) of Yazd province
alireza sazmand mousa tavassoli bijan Esameilnejad zahra Asadollahi ali Kazemnia seyyedhossein Hekmatimoghaddam The protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii is one the most important zoonotic pathogens. Therefore, in the current pilot study a total of 50 Iranian one-humped camels of both sexes and different ages that were kept by local farmers in Yazd province of Iran we More The protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii is one the most important zoonotic pathogens. Therefore, in the current pilot study a total of 50 Iranian one-humped camels of both sexes and different ages that were kept by local farmers in Yazd province of Iran were tested for Toxoplasma gondii infection. Whole blood samples were investigated by PCR assay using B1 gene. The results revealed that none of the tested camels were infected with Toxoplasma gondii. The current pilot study is the first attempt for detection of Toxoplasma gondii in camels in Iran by PCR method. Further studies in different regions of the country seem necessary to outline the importance of the disease. Also, experimental infection of camels with Toxoplasma gondii is recommended to study the course of the disease. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
62 - Application of genomic densitometry for calculating the relative population of Escherichia Coli in the intestine of broiler chicks
A.R Seidavi In this study, the densitometry technique for calculating of the relative population of Escherichia coli in various segments of the intestine of broiler chicks was evaluated. Following preparation of the intestinal contents, the process of extraction More In this study, the densitometry technique for calculating of the relative population of Escherichia coli in various segments of the intestine of broiler chicks was evaluated. Following preparation of the intestinal contents, the process of extraction and purification of DNA from the contents of duodenum, jejunum, ileum and cecum was undertaken. A specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using two pairs of primers was employed to detect Escherichia coli and total bacteria present in the gastrointestinal tract of the chicks. Specific bands of E.coli were obtained using densitometry and Gel Proc Analyzer software based on linear regression with extrapolation. E.coli populations at different ages were also determined in various segments of the gastrointestinal tract of the chicks. The Results of this experiment indicated that 0.000004%, 0.07%, 0.64% and 2.51% of total bacteria present in the duodenum, jejunum, ileum and cecum respectively consisted of E.coli. Also, E.coli constitutes 1.76, 0.01 and 0.80% of the total intestinal bacteria of chicks at 4, 14 and 30 days of age respectively. Furthermore, it was shown that at 4 days of age, 0.30, 2.05 and 3.97% of the total bacteria present in the jejunum, ileum and cecum respectively were from E.coli species and this bacteria was absent in the duodenum. At 14 days of age these figures were 0.000009%, 0.00011% and 0.08% respectively while at 30 days of age 0.00011%, 0.009% and 2.40% of all bacteria in the duodenum, ileum and cecum were E.coli species and this bacteria was absent in the jejunum. In conclusion, the densitometry method based on PCR results can be regarded as a useful tool for densitometry the relative population E.coli in the gastrointestinal tract of poultry. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
63 - Detection of Theileriaovis in vector ticks by Polymerase Chain Reaction method (PCR) in Lorestan province
naser hoghoughirad saeed hashemi mohammad abdigoudarzi Theileriosis is caused by an intracellular protozoan that causes great economical losses to animal husbandry in different regions of Iran . The present study was done in order to identify of Theileriaovis in hard ticks in Lorestanprovince More Theileriosis is caused by an intracellular protozoan that causes great economical losses to animal husbandry in different regions of Iran . The present study was done in order to identify of Theileriaovis in hard ticks in Lorestanprovince . Amongst five different regions in Lorestan, and during the April-to-july period of the year 2012, 265 cases of hard ticks were collected from the ear and the body surface and 100 blood smears from ear veins of anemic and feverish sheep. DNA extraction was done from the salivary glands of collected ticks and PCR test was performed using a pair of 520 bp specific primer of SSurRNA gene of T. ovis . The microscopic examinations of blood smears showed that 12 samples of blood smears ( 12 %) contained the piroplasmic forms of Theileriaspcies. The PCR revealed that 37 out of 152 Rhipicephalussanguineus (24/34 % ) were positive for T. ovisgenum including 21 female (13/81%) and 16 male (10/52%) ticks while the other ticks were not infected by this parasite. Out of total of 265 tick samples, R.sanguineus was highest (38.35%) and Haemaphysalispunctatahad the lowest (3/01%) frequencies. Regarding the vast distribution of R.sanguineus in the area, it seems that this tick may be the main vector of T.ovis in Lorestan province, Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
64 - A brief overview on the application of cellulose as an efficient and effective catalyst in organic reactions
Abdulhamid Dehghani Milad Ghezelsofloo Yousef Delshad Soheil Dehghani SiyahakiThe production of renewable and valuable chemicals from renewable biomass sources such as cellulose has attracted global attention in order to create sustainable societies. Cellulose is the most abundant non-food biomass and is of great economic importance. Unlike tradi MoreThe production of renewable and valuable chemicals from renewable biomass sources such as cellulose has attracted global attention in order to create sustainable societies. Cellulose is the most abundant non-food biomass and is of great economic importance. Unlike traditional catalysts derived from petroleum sources, cellulose offers several advantages such as renewability, biodegradability and compatibility with the principles of green chemistry. The use of heterogeneous catalysis can allow researchers to develop environmentally safe processes. Cellulose-based catalysts have shown significant activity in a wide range of reactions including hydrogenation, oxidation and polymerization. Their versatility is due to their ability to support all kinds of metal nanoparticles that act as active catalysis sites. Stabilization of metal nanoparticles on cellulose brings several advantages, including improving stability, preventing the accumulation of nanoparticles, and increasing their dispersibility. Cellulose shows its potential to create a great revolution in green chemistry. Therefore, cellulose's versatility, sustainability, and tunable properties make it an essential catalyst for a greener future. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the use of cellulose as a catalyst in organic reactions by Iranian researchers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
65 - Quantitative and qualitative extraction of stevioside from Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni. using solid phase molecularly imprinted technique
somayeh aghabeyk Maziar Ahmadi Golsefidi mohammad hadi soleimaniStevia rebaudiana Bertoni. with non-calorie steviol glycoside is an effective drug to decrease of blood glucose in treat of diabetics. The goal of this study is obtaining of a novel method in order to a quantitative and qualitative extraction of stevio MoreStevia rebaudiana Bertoni. with non-calorie steviol glycoside is an effective drug to decrease of blood glucose in treat of diabetics. The goal of this study is obtaining of a novel method in order to a quantitative and qualitative extraction of stevioside as a non-calorie sweetener from Stevia. In this study the dry leaves of Stevia was prepared from Golsaran Shomal company and then in order to extraction of stevioside a solid phase molecularly imprinted extractor was prepared and some parameters affective on extraction of stevioside were optimized. An acrylate functional monomer and a cross linker were used to preparation of stevioside extractor polymer. Functional monomer to cross linker ratio and size and fining degree of the extractor were studied and evaluated. In this study analysis of the stevioside beside of HPLC was accrued by polarography method .The best ratio of functional monomer to cross linker was obtained in 0.2, also the best polymer particle size was obtained in 1000 micron for extraction of stevioside by the extractor and the amount of stevioside was determined 11.6% w/w in this plant. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
66 - Investigation and comparison of constituent EGCG of tea plant (Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze) harvested from the western region of Mazandaran province with callus obtained from tea plant tissue culture by novel method Molecularly Imprinted Polymer (MIP)
Azarm Movahedi Mazyar Ahmadi Golsefidi Mehdi AlizadehDue to the importance of constituent Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), in the tea plant in use of pharmaceutical and food industries, the amount of EGCG in young leaf, old leaf and callus extract was compared and measured. EGCG in callus extract was isolated and measured MoreDue to the importance of constituent Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), in the tea plant in use of pharmaceutical and food industries, the amount of EGCG in young leaf, old leaf and callus extract was compared and measured. EGCG in callus extract was isolated and measured by Molecularly Imprinted Polymer (MIP) technique in 1397 in Giah Essence Phytopharm Company. In order to callus induction, callus of tea plant which was harvested from the western region of Mazandaran province cultured in WPM, SH, MS media with different amounts of plant hormones. Leaves and callus extracted with 70% methanol by maceration method. For optimization of extraction and purification, various quantities of functional multiwalled-CNTs 1-10 mg used in production of CNTs-MIP and the performance investigated. EGCG of callus extract extracted with CNTs-MIP and its amount determined with HPLC. The highest volume of callus in WPM medium ,and the highest amount of EGCG in SH medium observed with optimized concentrations of hormones BA(2 mg/l), 2,4_D(0.5 mg/l). The highest content of EGCG was extracted by adding 8 mg of MWCNTs in the polymer structure. EGCG in young and old leaves and callus were 37.34, 7.19 and 0.13 mg/g of dried weight, respectively. By CNTs-MIP, the EGCG content in callus was obtained 0.91 mg/g. Despite the trace amount of EGCG in callus, the amount of this substance can be measured with a concentration coefficient of 8 times by CNTs-MIP, demonstrated the efficiency of this technique. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
67 - Fuzzy Control of Polymer Fuel Cell for Attract Maximum Power
Zahra Nejati Farid Sheikholeslam Hamid MahmoodianPolymer fuel cell is one of the most attractive of fuel cell from point of the design and operation and also in comparison with other types of fuel cell, for a weight and size, polymer fuel cell produces more power. But however, one of the problems to use of this system MorePolymer fuel cell is one of the most attractive of fuel cell from point of the design and operation and also in comparison with other types of fuel cell, for a weight and size, polymer fuel cell produces more power. But however, one of the problems to use of this system is its low efficiency .To overcome the low efficiency of the fuel cell polymer in this paper is tried to used from maximum power point tracking. According to the characteristic of the flow –power the fuel cell, which is a non-linear curve and has a maximum point and use of the fuzzy controller and the proper selection of input and output membership functions trying to the System always works at maximum power. For this purpose, a chopper is used between the fuel cell and the load and to adjust the duty cycle of the applied signal to it is applied the fuzzy-TSK type controller that Its inputs are stream slope and slope changes. The results show that this controller has a good performance and that is faster compared with the perturbation and observation method. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
68 - Calculation of the Behavior Coefficient of the Combined System of Special Moment-resisting Frame and Concrete Shear Wall with Openings Reinforced with CFRP
Seyed Fathollah Sajedi Mostafa Echresh AmiriToday, the reinforcing polymer composites are widely applied to improve the seismic behavior of the structures. The history of structures reinforced with polymer sheets is mostly related to the reinforcement of beams and columns. In this study, the behavior coefficient MoreToday, the reinforcing polymer composites are widely applied to improve the seismic behavior of the structures. The history of structures reinforced with polymer sheets is mostly related to the reinforcement of beams and columns. In this study, the behavior coefficient of a special concrete moment-resisting frame in combination with a concrete shear wall (CSW) with opening and retrofitted with Carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) was calculated. The CSW was added as a reinforcement to the pre-designed concrete moment-resisting frame at two heights of 8 and 12 floors, then circular, rhombic and rectangular openings were created in the walls and CFRP were added around the openings along 45 and 90 degrees on one side and both sides of the wall. The results of the analyses presented that the strength of the structure decreased with the opening of the wall, and when the fibers were added around the opening, the resistance increased slightly; this slight increase in strength is due to the low amount of fibers. To cope with this issue, a layer of fibers was glued to the wall area on one side, on both sides, and two layers of fibers on one side of the wall around the opening. The interpretation of the results indicated that the higher the level of reinforcing fibers on the wall, the higher the capacity and behavior coefficient of the structure. The addition of CFRP on both sides of the wall had a better effect on the behavior coefficient and capacity of the structure than the application of two layers of fibers on one side of the wall. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
69 - Experimental Study of Compressive Strength of Geopolymer Concrete Based on XRF and SEM Analysis
Mohammadhossein Mansourghanaei Morteza Biklaryan Alireza MardookhpourIn this research, three mixing designs were made of geopolymer concrete containing 92, 96 and 100% composite blast-furnace slag including 8, 4 and 0% nanosilica, respectively. After performing the compressive strength test and selecting one of these three designs a MoreIn this research, three mixing designs were made of geopolymer concrete containing 92, 96 and 100% composite blast-furnace slag including 8, 4 and 0% nanosilica, respectively. After performing the compressive strength test and selecting one of these three designs as the optimal design in terms of superior mechanical properties, by adding 1 and 2% of polyolefin fibers to the optimal design, two more designs were made of geopolymer concrete. Concrete specimens were subjected to compressive strength tests (at 7, 28 and 90 days of curing), XRF (at 7 days of curing), and SEM (at 90 days of curing). The results were evaluated and compared with the results of a mixing design made of ordinary concrete containing Portland cement. The results of the analyses in this research exhibited the superiority in mechanical and microstructural properties of the geopolymer concrete in comparison with the ordinary concrete at all ages. At the 90-day curing age, as the best age in terms of performance, the minimum (62.43 MPa) and maximum (82.96 MPa) compressive strength values were obtained in designs 1 and 4, respectively. At this age, adding up to 8% nanosilica in geopolymer concrete enhanced the compressive strength up to 21.94% and adding up to 2% of fibers reduced the compressive strength up to 22.49% in this type of concrete. The results of XRF and SEM analyses overlapped with each other and were in accordance with the results of the compressive strength test. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
70 - Identification of Palm Oil in the Formulation of Yogurt by DNA- barcoding UsingReal – time PCR
Mohammad Dowlat Abadi Seyyed Ali Mortazavi Hasan Ravansalar Mohammad Reza Saeidi Asl Ahmad Pedram Nia -
Open Access Article
71 - Isolation of Aflatoxin-producing Species Based on Detection of afl R and ver 1 Genes and Sspecies Identification by Determination of ITS Sequences in Edible Rice of Mashhad, Khorasan
Hamed Faraji Farideh Tabatabaee Yazdi Nematollah Razmi -
Open Access Article
72 - Prevalence rate and presence of virulence genes of Escherichia coli O157: H7 in raw milk and traditional cheese at Marand retails
Asgar Nagezadeh Hamid MirzaeiThe aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence rate of Escherichia coli O157: H7 in raw milk and traditional cheese at Marand retails. Moreover, the isolates were assessed for the presence of virulence gene of stx1, stx2, eaeA and hly. For this reason, 100 traditi MoreThe aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence rate of Escherichia coli O157: H7 in raw milk and traditional cheese at Marand retails. Moreover, the isolates were assessed for the presence of virulence gene of stx1, stx2, eaeA and hly. For this reason, 100 traditional cheese and 50 raw milk samples were collected randomly. The samples were enriched in EC broth containing novobiocin and were isolated on sorbitol MacConkey agar with cefixime and tellurite. The isolates were further assayed by VRBA, tryptone broth and Escherichia coli Chromogenic agar for the lactose fermentation, indole production and beta-glucuronidase activity, respectively. The selected colonies were confirmed by E. coli O157: H7 antiserum and finally the isolates were analyzed for the presence of virulence genes. According to the results, 9% (9/100) of cheese and 10% (5/50) of raw milk samples were found contaminated with sorbitol-negative E. coli. Using the anti-E. coli antiserum, 1 isolate (2%) among the milk samples was confirmed and the presence of virulence genes of eaeA and stx1 were determined by multiplex PCR. With respect to the occurrence of E. coli O157: H7 in raw milk and its high persistence to acidic environment, it was concluded that raw milks and traditional cheeses marketed at Marand could be considered as the potential source of infection to humans. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
73 - Molecular analysis of the genes encoding colibactin production in Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from raw milk by Multiplex-PCR as an agent for colorectal cancer
Marziyeh Radaei Alamoli sedigheh mehrabian kumarss amini parisa mobasseriKlebsiella pneumoniae is a Gram-negative, non-motile, encapsulated, lactose-fermenting, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacterium.It has traditionally been considered an opportunistic pathogen and is a common cause of nosocomial infections. The pks gene cluster enco MoreKlebsiella pneumoniae is a Gram-negative, non-motile, encapsulated, lactose-fermenting, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacterium.It has traditionally been considered an opportunistic pathogen and is a common cause of nosocomial infections. The pks gene cluster encodes enzymes responsible for the synthesis of colibactin. Colibactin is a genotoxin that has been shown to induce DNA damage and contribute to increased virulence. Colibactin is also strongly suspected of being involved in the development of colorectal cancer. The present study investigated the prevalence of pks, clbN, and clbB genes in Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates. In this study, 220 samples were obtained from raw milk. Then, all samples were cultured in the violet red bile agar and then cultured in blood agar, MacConkey agar, and chocolate agar for bacterial isolation. Biochemical and microbiological tests were performed for confirmation of the bacteria. DNA was extracted from all isolates using a genomic DNA extraction kit. Then multiplex polymerase chain reaction (M-PCR) method was performed using specific primers. It was found that 60 K. pneumonia isolates out of 220 samples (27.27%) were confirmed by standard phenotypic tests. The PCR test indicated that 6 (10%) strains carried clbN and clbB genes. The pks positive K. pneumoniae was more prevalent in our samples. Owing to its pleiotropic effects, colibactin profoundly influences cellular physiology, inducing DNA breaks that lead to senescence or apoptosis. It seems that the identification of the pks positive K. pneumoniae in milk is essential to prevent colorectal cancer. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
74 - Curdlan biopolymer production by Agrobacterium radiobacter in a medium containing grape syrup
Anna Abdolshahi Marzieh Mousavinasab Leila MonjazebmarvdashtiCurdlan is water-insoluble and expensive polysaccharide that is made up of D-glucan monomers with b- (1→3) bonds. The properties of the gel created by the heat make Curdlan very important in the food industry. One of the main limiting factors for using Curdlan MoreCurdlan is water-insoluble and expensive polysaccharide that is made up of D-glucan monomers with b- (1→3) bonds. The properties of the gel created by the heat make Curdlan very important in the food industry. One of the main limiting factors for using Curdlan is its production cost. Agricultural waste can be used as a cheap substrate for its production. In this research, Curdlan production of was evaluated by Agrobacterium radiobacter PTCC 1654 in a culture medium different concentrations (5, 7.5 and 10%) of grape syrup and neat sucrose as carbon source. Based on the yield of Curdlan production, the optimum carbon source was determined. Moreover, the amount of produced Curdlan and biomass was measured. The polysaccharide sugar composition was evaluated by thin-layer chromatography technique. The pH change of the medium was also evaluated during the fermentation process. The results showed that the highest amount of polysaccharide was obtained in fermentation medium containing grape syrup with 7.5 Brix and after 144 hours. The pH of the fermentation medium decreased from about 7 to about 5.5 during the fermentation process. The results of thin-layer chromatography of polysaccharide showed that the glucose was the only monomer in the polymer's structure. In grape syrup medium Curdlan production in grape syrup was significantly higher than sucrose medium (p<0.05). Grape syrup is a cheap substrate widely available in Iran and has potential for Curdlan production. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
75 - The Edible Coatings Role on the Microbial Activity of Mozafati Date Fruits
mahdokht arjmand kermani fereshteh salajagheh behjat tajeddinMaintaining the desired quality of dates, clearing them of contaminants and proper packaging to increase shelf life are among the priorities of the country. Since the use of edible coatings with vegetable oils is one of the ways to prevent the growth of microorganisms, MoreMaintaining the desired quality of dates, clearing them of contaminants and proper packaging to increase shelf life are among the priorities of the country. Since the use of edible coatings with vegetable oils is one of the ways to prevent the growth of microorganisms, was used natural polymers including zein and chitosan, alone and along with pimpernel oil on microbial activity of Mazafati date fruits, for one year at 4 and -18°C and the second year at 10°C was investigated. The obtained data were analyzed using SPSS software and Duncan's mean comparison was performed. The results showed that this dates with 32% moisture content had a high microbial load. The fungi of Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Rhizopu stolonifers, and Alternaria alternata were grown on it. These fungi, in particular Aspergillus niger, were involved in its rotting and lactic acid bacteria in its rancidity. By doing this research, the number of Aspergillus niger fungi was reduced by logarithmic three cycles using zein and chitosan edible coatings with pimpernel oil; and penicillium fungi were completely eliminated. In general, the lowest number of microbial growth was observed in Zein treatment 362.5 & 150 log cfu/g , in the first and second years respectively, and the highest number was observed in the control sample 10750 & 1025 log cfu/g. The use of anise oil also had an effect on reducing the overall count of microorganisms. Finally, according to the microbial results, the use of zein treatment is recommended. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
76 - A survey on bacterial contamination of fruit juice with Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris using PCR and RFLP
Hossein Motamedi Amir TajBakhshAbstract Alicyclobacillus is an endospore forming and heat resistant bacterium that can cause changes in odor and color of fruit juice and make significant losses to juice industries. The purpose of this study was to identify this bacterium from different juic MoreAbstract Alicyclobacillus is an endospore forming and heat resistant bacterium that can cause changes in odor and color of fruit juice and make significant losses to juice industries. The purpose of this study was to identify this bacterium from different juices by PCR using specific primers. To do so, DNA extraction and PCR was done after culture and incubation. Of 24 tested samples, 5 cases were examined. As a consequence of enzymatic digestion with EcoR1 and electrophoresis, 118 and 528 bp fragments were obtained that are in accordance with RFLP pattern of Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris. With regard to the obtained results, it can be claimed that contamination to this bacterium makes some problems in fruit juice industry. To diagnosis it better, PCR with high sensitivity can be used since it reduce the expenditures and save the time. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
77 - واکنش زنجیره پلیمراز ژن های Mgc2 و 16S rRNA جهت تشخیص مایکوپلاسما گالیسپتیکوم
ا. ذاکریمایکوپلاسماها باکتریهای بسیار کوچکی هستند که فاقد دیواره سلولی و دارای جنسهای مختلف که در قالب کلاس مولیکاتوس قرار میگیرند. این باکتری به عنوان کوچکترین میکرو ارگانیسمی است که به طور مستقل میتواند زندگی نماید. این دسته از باکتریها میتوانند بیماریهای جدی و مزمن ا Moreمایکوپلاسماها باکتریهای بسیار کوچکی هستند که فاقد دیواره سلولی و دارای جنسهای مختلف که در قالب کلاس مولیکاتوس قرار میگیرند. این باکتری به عنوان کوچکترین میکرو ارگانیسمی است که به طور مستقل میتواند زندگی نماید. این دسته از باکتریها میتوانند بیماریهای جدی و مزمن ایجاد نمایند. مایکوپلاسما گالیسپتیکوم به عنوان یکی از مهمترین عوامل میکروبی پاتوژن پرندگان محسوب میگردد که باعث خسارات اقتصادی فراوان در صنعت طیور میگردد. هدف از انجام این مطالعه، بررسی وجود مایکوپلاسما گالیسپتیکوم در طیور به وسیله واکنش زنجیره پلیمراز ژنهای mgc2 و 16S rRNA بود. برای این کار پرایمرهای اختصاصی برای ژنهای مذکور مورد استفاده قرار گرفت. در ابتدا جهت غربالگری از تست سرمی RSAT از 26 فارم پرورشی نمونه خون اخذ گردید. هچنین جهت نمونه برداری برای PCR، 109 نمونه از نمونههایی که در آزمایش RSAT مثبت شده بودند، اخذ گردید که این نمونهها شامل سوابهایی از ریه، کیسههای هوایی و نای را شامل میشد. با توجه به اختصاصی بودن پرایمرهای استفاده شده در این مطالعه، در آزمایش PCR، باند 530 جفت بازی برای ژن 16S rRNA و باند 300 جفت بازی برای ژن mgc2 در ژل الکتروفورز تشکیل گردید که وجود مایکوپلاسما گالیسپتیکوم در این نمونهها را تأیید مینمود. این تست میتواند به صورت معمول در آزمایشگاهها جهت تشخیص باکتری مایکوپلاسما گالیسپتیکوم در کوتاهترین زمان ممکن و مستقیماً بر روی نمونههای بالینی انجام گیرد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
78 - بررسی نقش حاملی گوسفندان در عفونت با کلامیدیا پکوروم
ن. موری بختیاری س. براتی س. گودرزیدر طی 40 سال گذشته، شواهدی مبنی بر حضور عفونت­های ناشی از باکتری­های داخل سلولی جنس کلامیدیا در گونه­های مختلف دامی جمع­آوری شده­ است. با روش­های مختلفی در نمونه­های کلینیکی چنین حضور گسترده­ای به اثبات رسیده ­است اما احتمالا اغلب عفو Moreدر طی 40 سال گذشته، شواهدی مبنی بر حضور عفونت­های ناشی از باکتری­های داخل سلولی جنس کلامیدیا در گونه­های مختلف دامی جمع­آوری شده­ است. با روش­های مختلفی در نمونه­های کلینیکی چنین حضور گسترده­ای به اثبات رسیده ­است اما احتمالا اغلب عفونت­های فاقد علایم از سطح عفونت پایین­تری برخودار هستند. در این مطالعه­ اپیدمیولوژیک اولیه، ما به دنبال حضور عفونت کلامیدیایی چشمی و واژنی در گوسفندان به ظاهر سالم بودیم. در این تحقیق، 33 رأس گوسفند و 20 رأس بز که پیش از نمونه­گیری احتمال سابقه­ انتقال جنسی کلامیدیا را داشتند، از طریق سواب چشمی (53 سواب) و سواب واژنی (53 سواب) مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. پس از استخراج DNA با روش جوشاندن، ارزیابی حضور کلامیدیا پکوروم از طریق روش واکنش زنجیره­ای پلیمراز انجام شد. در این مطالعه از کلامیدیا پکوروم سویه­ی استاندارد W73 به عنوان کنترل مثبت استفاده گردید. در این مطالعه 10 نمونه سواب (از 106 سواب) مشتمل بر 7 سواب واژنی (70 درصد) و 3 سواب چشمی ( 30درصد)، آلوده تشخیص داده شدند. تمامی سواب­های واژنی و 3 سواب چشمی به ترتیب مربوط به حیوانات با سابقه­ سقط و بالغ بودند. با توجه به بالاتر بودن درصد آلودگی به کلامیدیا پکوروم در گوسفندان به ظاهر سالم، احتمال ایجاد حالت حاملی در گوسفند نسبت به بز بیش­تر می­باشد. ترشحات واژنی نسبت به ترشحات چشمی از نقش مهمتری در انتشار عفونت برخوردار می­باشند. به دلیل خطر بالای عفونت­های کلامیدیایی در گاوها، توجه به نقش گوسفندان در اپیدمیولوژی بیماری توصیه می­گردد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
79 - بررسی نقص ژنتیکی چسبندگی گلبولهای سفید و ناهنجاری ستون فقرات در جمعیتی از گاوهای هلشتاین ایران
B. Hemati S. Gharaie-Fathabad M.H. Fazeli Z. Namvar M. Ranjiدر تحقیق حاضر نقصهای ژنتیکی چسبندگی گلبولهای سفید (BLAD) و ناهنجاری ستون فقرات (CVM) در جمعیتی از گاوهای هلشتاین ایران با استفاده از تکنیک واکنش زنجیرهای پلیمراز-چند شکلی طول قطعات محدود شده (PCR-RFLP) مورد مطالعه قرار گرفت. نقصهای ژنتیکی چسبندگی گلبولهای سفید و نا Moreدر تحقیق حاضر نقصهای ژنتیکی چسبندگی گلبولهای سفید (BLAD) و ناهنجاری ستون فقرات (CVM) در جمعیتی از گاوهای هلشتاین ایران با استفاده از تکنیک واکنش زنجیرهای پلیمراز-چند شکلی طول قطعات محدود شده (PCR-RFLP) مورد مطالعه قرار گرفت. نقصهای ژنتیکی چسبندگی گلبولهای سفید و ناهنجاری ستون فقرات از جمله نواقص ژنتیکی اتوزومال مغلوب و کشنده در گاوهای شیری هلشتاین– فریزیرن هستند. نقصهای ژنتیکی چسبندگی گلبولهای سفید یک اختلال ژنتیکی است که از طریق کاهش بیان مولکولهای چسبندگی بر روی سطح نوتروفیلها، بر روی سیستم خون ساز بدن اثر میگذارد و ناهنجاری ستون فقرات به واسطه مرگ زود هنگام جنین با اختلالاتی همچون گردنی کوتاهتر از حد طبیعی، پاهای خمیده، دندههایی غیر طبیعی و برخی ناهنجاریهای قلبی شناسایی میشود. در اولین مرحله از تحقیق، نمونه تانک شیر از 50 گله گاو شیری جمعآوری گردید. از روش PCR-RFLP برای شناسایی جهشهای نقطهای مربوط به ژنهای ناهنجاری ستون فقرات و نقصهای ژنتیکی چسبندگی گلبولهای سفید استفاده گردید. پس از استخراج DNA، واکنش زنجیرهای پلیمراز برای تکثیر قطعه 136 جفت بازی از ژن CD18 و قطعه 233 جفت بازی از ژن SLC35A3 انجام شد. از آنزیم EcoT22 I برای هضم محصولات واکنش زنجیرهای پلیمراز مربوط به ناقلین نقص ژنتیکی ناهنجاری ستون فقرات و از آنزیم Taq I برای هضم محصولات واکنش زنجیرهای پلیمراز مربوط به ناقلین نقص چسبندگی گلبولهای سفید استفاده گردید. گرچه در هیچیک از گلهها الل موتانت مربوط به نقصهای ژنتیکی چسبندگی گلبولهای سفید در مقایسه با گروه شاهد یافت نشد ولی جهش مربوط به ژن SLC35A3 در 17 گله مختلف مشاهده گردید. در مرحله بعد یک گله که شامل 120 راس گاو دوشا بود به طور تصادفی برای تست انفرادی با استفاده از نمونههای خون انتخاب شد و دو رأس گاو به عنوان ناقلین ژن نقص ژنتیکی ناهنجاری ستون فقرات شناسایی شدند. در این گله مجموع تعداد ژنوتیپ­های AA، Aa و aa به ترتیب برابر 118، 2 و 0 رأس بود و فراوانی آلل­های A و a به ترتیب 992/0 و 008/0 برآورد گردید. سایر گلههای ناقل در مراحل بعدی از این تحقیق مورد بررسی قرار میگیرند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
80 - Investigating the dependence of Babzia blood parasite prevalence in sheep of Andimshek city in spring and summer, on sex, age and season.
Frough Kajbaf Behnam Pedram Leila Derakhshan Ali Mirzavand Shaqayeq qannadBabesia is also one of the parasites that cause major losses in the animal husbandry industry. Identifying the animals carrying Babesia is importance in controlling and preventing the disease. Microscopic observation of the protozoan parasite in the stained blood in the MoreBabesia is also one of the parasites that cause major losses in the animal husbandry industry. Identifying the animals carrying Babesia is importance in controlling and preventing the disease. Microscopic observation of the protozoan parasite in the stained blood in the acute form and serological tests is helpful, but most Babesia species cannot be differentiated, and false positive and negative results are generally observed in these tests. Our purpuse was to Assessment the prevalence of Babesia parasite in Andimshek city sheep during spring and summer of 2022 and gender and age effects on it, using the molecular method of polymerase chain reactionIn the spring and summer of 2022, 100 females and 100 male apparently healthy sheep from different areas of Andimshek city were completely randomly blood sampled and sent to the laboratory. After extracting DNA from blood, polymerase chain reaction and electrophoresis was performed. Data were statistically analyzed using spss software and T-test statistical method and mean and standard deviation were calculated. The prevalence of Babesia blood parasite in the female sheeps were higher than males. Also prevalence of this blood parasite in sheep over 2 year’s old was higher than under 2 years. But the prevalence rate in males and females in different ages and different months of spring and summer was not significant. The results showed that the prevalence of Babesia blood parasite in Andimeshk city sheeps in spring and summer does not depend on sex, age and season. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
81 - آیا پلیمر سوپر جاذب می تواند تحمل کم آبی گیاهان جوان مورد را بهبود بخشد؟
سمیه اسماعیلی عباس دانایی فرکمبود آب یک مشکل جدی است که رشد، نمو و استقرار گیاهان جوان را تحت تأثیر قرار می دهد. پلیمرهای سوپرجاذب (SAPs) ظرفیت بسیار خوبی برای جذب و حفظ آب، افزایش رطوبت خاک و بهبود رشد گیاهان در شرایط کم آبی نشان دادهاند. یک مطالعه گلخانه ای با سه رژیم آبیاری (50 درصد، 75 درصد و Moreکمبود آب یک مشکل جدی است که رشد، نمو و استقرار گیاهان جوان را تحت تأثیر قرار می دهد. پلیمرهای سوپرجاذب (SAPs) ظرفیت بسیار خوبی برای جذب و حفظ آب، افزایش رطوبت خاک و بهبود رشد گیاهان در شرایط کم آبی نشان دادهاند. یک مطالعه گلخانه ای با سه رژیم آبیاری (50 درصد، 75 درصد و 100درصد ظرفیت زراعی (FC) و سه سطح SAP-A200 (0، 1 و 2 گرم در کیلوگرم خاک) در یک آزمایش فاکتوریل با چهار تکرار در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی انجام شد. بر اساس نتایج، کمبود آب خاک بر ویژگیهای مورفولوژیک، فیزیولوژیک و بیوشیمیایی گیاهان جوان مورد تأثیر گذاشت. کاهش قابل توجهی در شاخصهای رشدی در تنش کم آبی (50 درصد FC) در مقایسه با گیاهان شاهد (100 درصد FC) مشاهده شد. پارامترهای فتوسنتزی، کلروفیل کل و محتوای نسبی آب (RWC) با افزایش تنش کم آبی کاهش یافت. در مقابل، میزان نشت یونی (EL)، مالون دی آلدئید (MDA)، قندهای محلول کل (TSS)، نشاسته و فعالیت آنزیم های آنتی اکسیدانت افزایش یافت. کاربرد مقادیر حداقل SAP (1 و 2 گرم در کیلوگرم خاک) بیشتر این ویژگیها را در هر دو شرایط آبیاری خوب و کمآبی بهبود بخشید، به نظر می رسد در شرایط تنش های کم آبی متوسط و شدید نیاز به میزان بالاتر از SAP باشد. با این وجود، می توان ازSAP-A200 به عنوان یک روش کارآمد و اقتصادی برای استقرار سریع گیاهان جوان چوبی در مناطق کم آب استفاده کرد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
82 - Study of TEM and SHV B-lactamase genes in gentamicin resistant Enterococcus faecalis isolated from consumption red meats.
Rezvan Shirvani Mohammadreza Mehrabi Mohsen MirzaeeBackground and Objectives: Enterococci are part of normal flora of the human gastrointestinal tract. The ability to obtain antibiotic resistance genes, causes new problems in treatment. Enterococcus faecalis is one of the bacteria contaminating the meat and cause signif MoreBackground and Objectives: Enterococci are part of normal flora of the human gastrointestinal tract. The ability to obtain antibiotic resistance genes, causes new problems in treatment. Enterococcus faecalis is one of the bacteria contaminating the meat and cause significant infections in humans. So the purpose of this study was evaluation prevalence of bla TEM and bla SHV genes in gentamicin resistant Enterococcus faecalis isolated from consumption meats. Materials and methods: 181 Enterococcus isolates were collected from consumption meats in Boroujerd slaughterhouse. Bacteria were identified by routine microbiological tests. The antibiotic susceptibility testing on isolates by disk diffusion method according to the CLSI was performed. Finally, to assess the frequency of bla TEM and bla SHV genes in gentamicin resistant Enterococcus faecalis isolated from consumption meats were performed by using PCR and specific primers. Results: Out of the 181 isolates 81 cases (44.75%) were E. faecalis. The results of the antibiogram test, showed that 96.29% of bacteria were resistance to erythromycin, 56.79% to penicillin, 41.96% to tetracycline, 39.50% to ampicillin,39.50% to choloroamfenicol,15.86% to Linezolid, 8.64% to Gentamicins, 4.83% to Streptomycin, 2.46% to Meropenem,3.70% to ciprofloxacin and in the strains gentamicin resistant bla TEM and bla SHV genes not found. Conclusion: Given that this fact the genes producing Betalactamase enzymes are easily transferred via plasmids, lack of tracking the mentioned genes among the studied bacteria suggests, these genes are not transferred along with genes inducing resistance to gentamicin. thus rational and significant relationship between these genes and investigated antibiotic was not observed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
83 - Microwave-assisted synthesis of nickel-copper nanocomposite for methanol electrocatalytic oxidation. An efficient anode material for alcohol fuel cell applications
محمد علی کامیابی Babak JalilianIn this study, the synthesis and application of bimetallic nickel-copper nanocomposites and reduction of graphene oxide simultaneously using microwaves are reported. The proposed synthesis method is a simple, fast and controllable process. The electrochemical behavior o MoreIn this study, the synthesis and application of bimetallic nickel-copper nanocomposites and reduction of graphene oxide simultaneously using microwaves are reported. The proposed synthesis method is a simple, fast and controllable process. The electrochemical behavior of the synthesized catalyst was investigated for methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) in alkaline medium. The effect of melamine on the electrocatalytic activity of the synthesized catalyst was studied by cyclic voltammetry (CV), chronoamperometry (CA) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) methods. Also, investigating the effect of melamine as a source of nitrogen leading to nitrogen doping in the reduced graphene oxide network showed that it partially leads to the formation of NiCu-N structures. And this metal-N bond increases the catalytic activity towards MOR. The promoting effect of melamine was proved by an increase of 203 μA in the current and a decrease of 20 mV in the onset potential compared to other synthesized control catalysts during MOR activity. The results indicate the excellent performance of the synthesized catalyst as an anode in a direct methanol fuel cell. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
84 - Preparation of Double-layer Nanofibers Base on Hydrogel, Silver nanoparticles, and Fatty Acid using electrospinning technique
ensieh ghasemian lemraski elaheh khajehali sahar yariToday, electrospinning method is widely used to produce nanofibers based on polymers. Poly (vinyl-alcohol) and chitosan are among the most widely used polymers in biochemistry and medicine, especially in wound healing and tissue engineering. In this project, an attempt MoreToday, electrospinning method is widely used to produce nanofibers based on polymers. Poly (vinyl-alcohol) and chitosan are among the most widely used polymers in biochemistry and medicine, especially in wound healing and tissue engineering. In this project, an attempt has been made to make polymeric materials and silver nanoparticles, nanofibers with protection and antimicrobial capabilities. Electrospinning method for making bilayer nanofibers, top layer containing poly (vinyl alcohol) and chitosan containing silver nanoparticles or silver ions as antimicrobial layer, and bottom layer containing polyvinylpyrrolidone and fatty acid as layer Moisturizes the skin of injured skin. Morphology and structure of nanofibers produced using various methods such as XRD X-ray spectroscopy, FTIR infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy, thermal weighing method or TGA, X-ray energy diffraction spectroscopy (EDAX-EDS), electron microscopy method (SEM), and finally the transmission electron microscopy (TEM) method was examined. The results of the instrumental analysis indicate the production of polymer fibers with a diameter in the range of 200-500 nanometers, which indicates the successful production of nanofibers, and also structural analyzes confirm the presence of silver nanoparticles and silver ions. The results of microbial tests show that nanofibers containing silver ions have a greater antimicrobial effect than silver nanoparticles. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
85 - Preparation and investigation of antioxidant behavior of edible films based on carboxymethyl cellulose containing mint essential oil and olive oil
sima pourbeyram mahsa kosheshThe production of edible films based on the carboxymethyl cellulose as a biodegradable polymer containing the essential oil extracted from the mint plant, is reported in this work. To improve the quality of these films, materials such as calcium ascorbate as a binder, s MoreThe production of edible films based on the carboxymethyl cellulose as a biodegradable polymer containing the essential oil extracted from the mint plant, is reported in this work. To improve the quality of these films, materials such as calcium ascorbate as a binder, sucrose as an emulsifier, olive oil to make the films hydrophobic and mint essential oil as a source of antioxidants have been used. The results of the quality control tests showed that the addition of peppermint essential oil and olive oil significantly improved the quality of the base films. So that 27% of humidity, 31% of swelling, 30% of solubility and 39% of water vapor permeability were reduced in the case of the modified films. The results of the stress-strain diagrams showed that by adding calcium ascorbate to the composition of the films, the average tensile strength increased by 3.8 times and the elongation at break point increased by 2.3 times. According to the electrochemical measurements, the films containing peppermint essential oil had antioxidant properties and the stability and longevity of the essential oil inside the film was high. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
86 - اثر کامپوزیت پلیآنیلین/گرافیت بر کارایی باتری قابل شارژ روی – پلیآنیلین
محمد صفی رحمانی فر سید مرتضی موسوی خوشدل یاسر شه بخش -
Open Access Article
87 - کوپلیمریزاسیون پیوندی پلیکلروپرن با متیل متا اکریلات به منظور کاربرد آن به عنوان چسب تک جزئی
ابوالفتح اکبرزاده رامین محمد علی تهرانی -
Open Access Article
88 - کاربرد شبکه عصبی مصنوعی در پیشگویی بازده استخراج یونهای روی از نمونههای حقیقی با استفاده از مولکول نگاری بسپاری
سید حسین هاشمی مسعود کیخوایی مجید میرمقدم محمد شاکری -
Open Access Article
89 - تولید نانو الیاف کامپوزیت پلی اکریلونیتریل- کربن اکتیو
محمدرضا محمد شفیعی مریم صالحی -
Open Access Article
90 - تهیه پیش پلیمر ایزوسیاناتی بر پایه گیلیسیدیل آزید پلیمر (GAP) و تجزیه کمی NCO آن به وسیله طیفسنجی 19FNMR
ابوالقاسم مقیمی روح ا.. بهادر بیگی اسماعیل عمرانی -
Open Access Article
91 - استفاده از کاوند نانولوله کربنی در تهیه تصویرهای مغناطیسی با توان تفکیک بالا
صدیقه صادق حسنی جمال الدین افضلی علیمراد رشیدی -
Open Access Article
92 - حسگر الکتروشیمیایی مبتنی بر پلیمرهای قالب مولکولی برای تعیین داروی دیازپام
علی مطهریان سید محمد رضا میلانی حسینی -
Open Access Article
93 - کپسوله کردن آلیسین در نانوذرات پلیمری زیست تخریب پذیر و بررسی ویژگیهای نانوکپسولها
مهین فکور یزدان آباد قدیر رجب زاده سعید تقوایی گنجعلی -
Open Access Article
94 - تهیه و مطالعه نانوذرات پلیآکریلآمید حکاکی شده برای تشخیص گلوکز در محیط آبی
زهرا حسینی مینا کشوردوست فریده پیری -
Open Access Article
95 - شرایط بهینه برای سنتزنانوذره های پلی آنیلین با استفاده ازپلیمریزه شدن اکسایشی تحت امواج فراصوت و گاز بی اثر
احسان نظرزاده زارع -
Open Access Article
96 - تهیه و به کارگیری هاردنرهای دارای گروه های ایمیدی در پخت رزین اپوکسی
رویا زردان مسعود تقی گنجی کامبیز تحویلداری -
Open Access Article
97 - Synthesis of a new nanoadsorbent by graphene oxide modification using chelating ligands for cadmium removal from aqueous media
K. Aghdam H. Ahmad Panahi E. Alaei A. H. Hasani E. MoniriA poly allyl acetoacetate-grafted graphene oxide (GO-GAA) was successfully synthesized through Hummers' method followed by divinyl sulfone modification and allyl acetoacetate polymerizaton. This novel functionalized graphene oxide was characterized by FT-IR, XRD, FE-SEM MoreA poly allyl acetoacetate-grafted graphene oxide (GO-GAA) was successfully synthesized through Hummers' method followed by divinyl sulfone modification and allyl acetoacetate polymerizaton. This novel functionalized graphene oxide was characterized by FT-IR, XRD, FE-SEM, TEM analyses. Thereafter, the adsorption property of GO-GAA for Cd2+ ion removal from aqueous media was investigated. The effect of several factors such as pH and temperature on the Cd2+ adsorption was also studied. The maximum Cd2+ adsorption by GO-GAA occurs at 20°C, at pH=7. The synthesized nanoadsorbent also showed a good reusability, even after 10 cycles of adsorption-desorption using HNO3 as regenerating agent. Furthermore, applicability of synthesized nanoadsorbent for Cd2+ removal from industrial wastewater and well water samples inoculated with cadmium was investigated and over 82% efficiency was observed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
98 - Synthesis a new sorbent for preconcentration and separation of aluminum ion from aqueous solutions (with emphasis on subterranean water samples)
N. Yazdanian H. Ahmad Panahi M. RabaniMolecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) are synthetic polymeric materials with specific recognition sites complementary in shape, size and functional groups to the template molecule, involving an interaction mechanism based on molecular recognition. In this study, we have MoreMolecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) are synthetic polymeric materials with specific recognition sites complementary in shape, size and functional groups to the template molecule, involving an interaction mechanism based on molecular recognition. In this study, we have prepared a novel ion imprinted polymer (IIP) for removal of aluminium ions in solution sample. The imprinted polymer was prepared by copolymerization of allyl glycidyl ether/ iminodiacetic acid (AGE/IDA) as functional monomers in the presence of N,N′-Methylenebisacrylamide as crosslinker. The polymerization was carried out in bulk with free radical initiation using 2,2′-azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN). The polymer particles were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and elemental analysis. The effect of various experimental conditions, like pH, adsorption and desorption time and type of eluent were investigated and optimized. The optimum pH for quantitative aluminium retention was 4.5, while elution was completed with 5mL of 0.5M nitric acid. The total capacity of IIP was found to be 62.4mg g-1in 20ºC. The method was applied to the recovery and determination of aluminium in real samples. The imprinted polymers exhibited good characteristics for adsorption and preconcentration of target aluminium. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
99 - Molecular screening of astaxanthin-producing yeasts of birch sap-flows in Alborz Province of Iran
Faezeh Ajorloo Mohsen Vaez Jafar HemmatBackground & Objectives: The carotenoid-producing yeasts have a widespread distribiution worldwide. However, isolation of carotenoid-producing yeasts with valuable astaxanthin have been only reported from limited areas and specific habitats. The aim of this st MoreBackground & Objectives: The carotenoid-producing yeasts have a widespread distribiution worldwide. However, isolation of carotenoid-producing yeasts with valuable astaxanthin have been only reported from limited areas and specific habitats. The aim of this study was to apply the multiple polymerase chain reaction method for faster molecular screening of isolates for the yeasts in the exudation sap from birch trees (Betula pendula Roth.) in Alborz Province of Iran with astaxanthin production capacity and toevaluate its efficiency.Materials & Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out by sampling in May 2018 from one of the natural habitats of birch trees Batula Pendula in Alborz Province, Iran. After isolation of yeasts using selected media and purification of yeast colonies with various pink to red colors, yeasts genomic nucleic acids were extracted and molecular screening for astaxanthin-producing detection of isolates was performed by multiple polymerase chain reaction (Multiplex-PCR).Results: Out of 42 pigmented colonies during sampling and isolation in one cross-sectional study, 23 pink to red colonies were evaluated by Multiplex-PCR method. Of these isolates, three were positive and the rest were negative. The results were validated by determining the ribosomal gene sequencing.Conclusion: The present study demonstrates the specificity of the multiple polymerase chain reaction method in fast and cost-effective molecular screening of astaxanthin-producing yeast isolates and the applicability of this method to study other natural habitats of these yeasts. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
100 - Study of bioinformatics and phylogenetic relationship of Iranian Bacillus thuringiensis strains by using 16S rDNA gene sequence
Maryam Rashki Mojtaba MortazaviBackground & Objectives: Gram-positive bacterium, Bacillus thuringiensis, produces protein crystals with insecticidal properties. Partial rDNA sequence analysis is used to study the evolution and classification of living organisms. The study was conducted on 16S rDN MoreBackground & Objectives: Gram-positive bacterium, Bacillus thuringiensis, produces protein crystals with insecticidal properties. Partial rDNA sequence analysis is used to study the evolution and classification of living organisms. The study was conducted on 16S rDNA sequence of five native isolates of Bacillus thuringiensis using the polymerase chain reaction technique. Materials & Methods: Characteristics and phylogenetic relationships between five sequences of native isolates along with other isolates in the gene bank and other species of the genus Bacillus were performed with Mesquite software and leBIBIQBPP database. Results: The five native isolates were 92.06 to 99.93% similar to each other and 99.73% to 100% similar to other isolates of Bacillus thuringiensis. Phylogenetic trees showed Bt 1019, Bt 1020 and Bt 1039 in the first group and Bt 1001 and Bt 1091 in the second group. Based on Bt 1001 sequence analysis using leBIBIQBPP, the minimum distance with Bacillus frigoritolerans was obtained. The sequence of Bacillus anthracis was close to Bt 1019. The Bt 1020 sequence was closest to Bacillus cereus. In the case of Bt 1039, in addition to Bacillus cereus, the lowest distance was observed with Bacillus marcorinectum. The Bt 1091 sequence showed the most similarity with Bacillus frigoritolerans. Conclusion: Protein crystals were observed in the native bacteria. Toxic crystals are produced only by Bacillus thuringiensis. BLAST program for 16S rDNA gene sequence in the native isolates also showed the most similarity to Bacillus thuringiensis isolates in the gene bank. Moreover, the results predicted that the three native isolates Bt 1019, Bt 1020 and Bt 1039 could be toxic against lepidopteran pests and two isolates Bt 1001 and Bt 1091 could be toxic against coleopteran pests. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
101 - Bioremediation potential of indigenous gram-positive bacteria isolated from contaminated soil with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
Somayeh Scandari Mehran Hoodaji Arezo Tahmourespour Atoosa AbdollahiBackground and Objectives: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were extensively spread in the environment and are regarded as one of the mutagenic and carcinogenic agents on living creatures. Among the vast variety of procedures for the elimination of contaminatio MoreBackground and Objectives: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were extensively spread in the environment and are regarded as one of the mutagenic and carcinogenic agents on living creatures. Among the vast variety of procedures for the elimination of contamination, biological removal is capable of transmuting pollutants into innocuous and nontoxic substances using less amount of energy, chemicals and time. The study was aimed at evaluating the possibility of growth of the indigenous bacteria isolated from oil-polluted soils, in the presence of PAH compounds in the laboratory, and also identifying them by using the method of PCR. Material and Methods: Specimens of the research were isolated from environmental gasoline and oil-polluted soils from the Isfahan City refinery. Initially, the native bacteria were separated from the contaminated soil with such compounds by utilizing a basic medium containing the concentration of 12.8 mg/l in 16 PAH compounds. Then, those bacteria which were able to grow and reproduce in the presence of the compounds identified through biochemical experiments and determination of genome sequence and consequently registered as new species. Results: The results obtained in the study substantiated that approximately 13.3% of the total heterotrophic bacteria possess a degradable ability of the hydrocarbons. After the evaluation of biochemical tests and gene sequencing, it was disclosed that the isolated indigenous bacteria belonged to Bacillus licheniformis ATHE9, Bacillus mojavensis ATHE13 and a particular species of Bacillus (ATHE10). Conclusion: The results of the present research verify the importance and proficiency of the native bacteria in the terms of the elimination of PAHs pollutions in contaminated areas. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
102 - Identification of alkane hydroxylase gene in aliphathic-degrading bacteria isolated from waste oil
Hamid Tebyanian Mehdi Hassanshahian Ashraf Karimi nikBackground and Objectives: Today hydrocarbon pollution is the most important environmental problem. Biological methods can play an important role in removing these contaminants to the environment. This study was aimed to isolate aliphatic compounds degrading bacteria an MoreBackground and Objectives: Today hydrocarbon pollution is the most important environmental problem. Biological methods can play an important role in removing these contaminants to the environment. This study was aimed to isolate aliphatic compounds degrading bacteria and identify the best degrading strain. Materials and Methods: Sampling of waste oil depot took in the city of Kerman, Tehran and hydrocarbon-contaminated soils. Alkane degrading bacteria were isolated by using enrichment Bushnel-Hass medium containing hexadecane (as source carbon). In order to identify superior strains, a part of 16SrDNA gene was amplified by PCR and then sequenced. Also, the presence of alkane’s hydroxylase gene in these strains was confirmed by using specific primers. Results: A total of fifteen alakne degrading bacteria were isolated which 8 strains were selected as superior strains. These strains belonged to the genus of Rhodococcus jostii,Stenotrophomonas maltophilia strain M2, Achromobacter piechaudii, Tsukamurell atyrosinosolvens, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Rhodococcus erythropolis,Stenotrophomonas maltophilia strain Q1, Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In this study, the highest growth rate of strians was in concentrations 2.5 percent of hexadecane and the lowest was found in 7 percent. Also, all of the strains have alkane hydroxylase gene. Conclusion: Our results indicated that threre is a high diversity of degradative bacteria in Iran ecosystem and their ability to degrade petroleum wastewater. So, with a proper management of these bacteria can be used to minimize pollution caused by waste oil industries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
103 - Studying the effect of irrigation regimes and superabsorbent on proline and soluble sugars and their relationship with forage dry matter of sorghum
mansour fazeli rostampour mehrdad yarniya Gh. Mosavi M.J. SeghataleslamiStudying the effect of irrigation regimes and superabsorbent on proline and soluble sugars and their relationship with forage dry matter of sorghum Abstract In order to investigate the possibility of decreasing sorghum water requirements with application of SAP and to MoreStudying the effect of irrigation regimes and superabsorbent on proline and soluble sugars and their relationship with forage dry matter of sorghum Abstract In order to investigate the possibility of decreasing sorghum water requirements with application of SAP and to investigate the relationship between the accumulation of proline and soluble sugars with leaf relative water content (RWC) and forage yield in sorghum variety Speedfeed this experiment was conducted in Dashtak region of Zahedan during 2013 and 2014 seasons in a split plot with four irrigation regimes, providing 40, 60, 80 and 100% of the water requirements of sorghum, calculated from pan evaporation as main plots, four amounts of SAP )0, 75, 150 and 225 kg ha-1( as subplots based on a completely randomized block design with three replications. The results indicated that the effect of irrigation regimes, SAP levels and interaction effects of two factors in all measured traits were significant. The regression models estimated for two years showed that although applying SAP in 100% ETc treatment had no effect on this trait in 2 seasons but the other irrigation treatments reduced the accumulation of proline and soluble sugars and increased the RWC and dry matter. Therefore, applying 75 kg SAP per hectare along with 20% decrease in the sorghum’s water requirement produced a dry matter yield Similar to 100% water treatment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
104 - Studying the dry matter yield and water use efficiency of forage sorghum under water deficit and applying superabsorbent polymer
mansour fazeli rostampourIn order to investigate the possibility of decreasing forage sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. var speedfeed) water requirements applying of superabsorbent (SAP), without decreasing the dry matter yield and increasing the water use efficiency, and also to investigate the econ MoreIn order to investigate the possibility of decreasing forage sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. var speedfeed) water requirements applying of superabsorbent (SAP), without decreasing the dry matter yield and increasing the water use efficiency, and also to investigate the economic efficiency of applying superabsorbent (SAP), this experiment was conducted in Dashtak region of Zahedan during 2013 and 2014 seasons in a split-split plot with four irrigation regimes, providing 40, 60, 80 and 100% of the water requirements of sorghum, calculated from pan evaporation as main plots, four amounts of SAP )0, 75, 150 and 225 kg ha-1( as subplots and cutting as sub-subplots based on a completely randomized block design with three replications. The results indicated that the effect of irrigation regimes, SAP levels and their interaction effects of the two factors on dry matter yield, water use efficiency, and economic efficiency were significant. The regression models estimated showed that applying SAP in 100% ETc treatment had no effect on this trait but in the other irrigation treatments caused an increased the dry matter yield and water use efficiency. Therefore, applying 75 kg SAP per hectare along with 20% decrease in the sorghum’s water requirement in arid regions, the dry matter yield and water use efficiency is maintained similar to 100% sorghum’s water requirement. Also the greatest economic efficiency of applying SAP was secured at 75 kg SAP per hectare SAP level and 80% of sorghum’s water requirement. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
105 - بررسی ریزساختار و خواص کامپوزیت C/C-SiC دوبعدی ساخته شده با روش نوین تلقیح پلیمر و پیرولیز (PIP)
مصطفی قراخانی بنی ناصر احسانی مجتبی اسماعیلی یوسف صفایی نائینی -
Open Access Article
106 - Detection of B1 Gene of Toxoplasma gondii infection in Slaughtered Sheep in Isfahan Using the Nested PCR
Hamid Raieszadeh Abdolah Jamshidi Vahid Noaman Gholamreza RazmiToxoplasma gondii is a common pathogen in humans and animals which can infect humans through the food sources. The consumption of mutton is more popular than other sources of animal protein in Iran. Since the sheep heart is usually eaten half-cooked and grilled, the tra MoreToxoplasma gondii is a common pathogen in humans and animals which can infect humans through the food sources. The consumption of mutton is more popular than other sources of animal protein in Iran. Since the sheep heart is usually eaten half-cooked and grilled, the transmission of toxoplasmosis occurs more often through the consumption of sheep heart. On the other hand, because the density of parasitic cysts in the brain and heart tissue is higher than other oral organs, sheep heart samples were used in this study. In the recent study, to detect toxoplasma in sheep heart slaughtered in Isfahan, 250 heart samples were collected from different sexes and ages in different seasons over the course of one year. After extracting the parasite genome, two pairs of primers related to B1 gene were amplified by nested PCR method. The results showed that 78% of the samples were generally infected with toxoplasma. In this study, there was no significant relationship between infection percentage and age and sex, but infection rate in cold seasons was significantly higher than in the warm seasons. Since the factors such as high humidity and low-temperature help to oocysts' survival, long exposure with toxoplasma oocysts can increase the sheep infection rate in the cold season. By considering the importance of this disease in sheep deaths and abortions and the importance of public health, appropriate control programs to prevent this zoonotic disease at the provincial level should be included in veterinary policies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
107 - Recent Biotechnological Advances in the Preparation of Wound Dressings for Diabetics
Sayed Rasoul Zaker Shahrbanoo Jafari Rahman EmamzadehIn the last two decades, given the importance of biotechnological drugs and their important role in the treatment of chronic wounds, studies have predicted that the market for advanced wound care targeting surgical wounds and chronic wounds is likely to reach $15-22 bil MoreIn the last two decades, given the importance of biotechnological drugs and their important role in the treatment of chronic wounds, studies have predicted that the market for advanced wound care targeting surgical wounds and chronic wounds is likely to reach $15-22 billion by 2024. Therefore, in the present study, the recent advances in biotechnology in the field of preparing wound dressings from compounds obtained from plants and animals for people with diabetic foot ulcers have been discussed. In this research, the methods and approaches of delivery of therapeutic agents for the treatment of DFUs and in fact the recent results of in vitro and in vivo studies, emphasizing the unique potential of wound dressings based on natural polymers in the treatment of DFUs, have been collected and analyzed. This expansion is expected to be driven by advances in technology, increased incidence of chronic wounds, and an increasing elderly population. A review of the challenges ahead in the treatment of chronic wounds reveals the inadequacy of the effectiveness of some wound care products, suggesting that families and governments must contend with medical challenges for longer periods. Diabetic foot ulcer (DFIU) is a chronic ulcer that can cause severe infections and even amputation. Biomaterials that are currently used as matrices for wound healing can be classified into natural and synthetic types according to their origin. Natural biomaterials such as chitosan, alginate, cellulose, hyaluronic acid, silk fibroin, and collagen have been widely recommended for diabetic foot wound healing due to their easy degradability, remarkable biocompatibility, reduced inflammatory responses, and non-immunogenic nature. Biotechnology guarantees the possibility of using natural biomaterials to develop advanced wound dressings with appropriate and patient-friendly therapeutic results. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
108 - Phylogenetic Relationship of Yellowtail Scad (Atule mate) in the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea Using Cytochrome Oxidase I Gene
Mahzad Shakouri Pargol Ghavam Mostafavi Mohammad Pourkazemi Seyyed Mohammadreza FatemiGenetic analysis of fish populations is essential for conserving biodiversity and increasing knowledge about the survival of species, and finding the factors threatening or contributing to the survival of these populations. The present study is aimed at investigating ph MoreGenetic analysis of fish populations is essential for conserving biodiversity and increasing knowledge about the survival of species, and finding the factors threatening or contributing to the survival of these populations. The present study is aimed at investigating phylogenetic relationship of Yellowtail Scad in the northern Persian Gulf and Oman Sea by sequencing mitochondrial Cytochrome Oxidase I gene. Ninety yellow tail Scad have been collected from Bandar Abbas, Bushehr, and Chabahar port. Genomic DNA was extracted using Ammonium acetate method. After electrophoresis on 1% agarose gel, Cytochrome Oxidase I (COI) gene was amplified by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), using pair of primers. After sequencing of PCR product, the phylogenetic tree was drawn by MEGA7 software with different methods (Maximum Likelihood, Maximum Parsimony, and Bayesian) using (Esox lucius) as an extraspecific group. All samples from Bandar Abbas, Bushehr, and three samples from Chabahar port were located in the same clade. Chabahar sample with a little more distance was located in separate clade and due to high supportive degree (bootstrap) showed sister group relationship. Moreover, these two clades were located with more evolutionary distance from extraspecific group. Consequently, COI gene sequencing was an appropriate and reliable method for phylogenetic relationship of Yellowtail Scad, providing useful information about protection and management of this valuable species. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
109 - Design, Synthesis, Characterization and Biological Evaluation of Iron Oxide Magnetic Nanoparticles Coated with Chitosan/Alginate Polymer
Elham Rostami Elham HovaziIn recent years, the use of nanoparticles in diagnosis, drug delivery and treatment has received much attention due to the small size of these particles and the increase in the surface-to-volume ratio. The most important problem when treating cancer with chemotherapy is MoreIn recent years, the use of nanoparticles in diagnosis, drug delivery and treatment has received much attention due to the small size of these particles and the increase in the surface-to-volume ratio. The most important problem when treating cancer with chemotherapy is the lack of access to the central parts of the mass due to its less blood supply. The purpose of this research was to investigate the toxicity of iron oxide nanoparticles coated with chitosan/alginate biopolymer on melanoma cancer cells of Hep G2 cells. In this research, magnetic iron nanoparticles were coated with two biopolymers, chitosan and alginate. The size and morphology of the surface of these nanoparticles were checked by size measuring device and scanning electron microscope, also the binding of functional groups of chitosan and alginate to magnetic iron nanoparticles was checked by infrared spectrometer. It was treated using magnetic iron nanoparticles and modified nanoparticles for 24 hours and the IC50 concentration of the compounds was estimated. The toxic properties of these nanoparticles were evaluated by MTT test and acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining. Examining the photos of the scanning electron microscope and the size measuring device showed a size of 50 nm for the modified iron nanoparticles. The shape of these nanoparticles was observed to be completely round and spherical. Biological investigations of nanoparticles definitely confirmed the effective coating of nanoparticles by chitosan and alginate biopolymers. According to the findings, magnetic iron nanoparticles had higher toxic effects depending on the concentration and their IC50 concentration was about 134 μM/ml, while the coated nanoparticles had significantly lower toxic effects and at concentrations below 25 μM/ml, they had no significant toxicity on Hep G2 cells. . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
110 - بررسی پارامترهای مؤثر در تعیین تنش های پسماند در صفحات فلزی و چندلایههای کامپوزیتی با روش شیارزنی
محمود مهرداد شکریه سعید اکبری رکنآبادیروش شیارزنی یکی از روش­های پرکاربرد در اندازه­گیری تنش­های پسماند است که طی آن شیاری در چند مرحله در قطعه مورد نظر ایجاد شده و کرنش­های آزاد شده در هر مرحله به وسیله کرنش­سنج ثبت می­شود. ارتباط بین کرنش­های ثبت شده و تنش­های پسماند Moreروش شیارزنی یکی از روش­های پرکاربرد در اندازه­گیری تنش­های پسماند است که طی آن شیاری در چند مرحله در قطعه مورد نظر ایجاد شده و کرنش­های آزاد شده در هر مرحله به وسیله کرنش­سنج ثبت می­شود. ارتباط بین کرنش­های ثبت شده و تنش­های پسماند به وسیله ماتریس ضرایب نرمی صورت می­گیرد. در این تحقیق به کمک روش اجزای محدود، پارامترهای مؤثر در محاسبه مقادیر ضرایب نرمی برای صفحات فلزی ایزوتروپیک و همچنین چند لایه­های کامپوزیتی بررسی شده است. در ابتدا فرایند شبیهسازی برای صفحات ایزوتروپیک بهصورت دو و سه بعدی انجام گرفته است. نتایج بهدست آمده بیانگر تطابق کامل نتایج دو مدل است. برای محاسبه ضرایب نرمی نیاز به محاسبه کرنش متوسط در محل کرنش­سنج است. برای این کار از روش­های مبتنی بر کرنش و مبتنی بر جابهجایی استفاده شده است. همچنین با مقایسه ترک و شیار، تأثیر عرض شیار بر ضرایب نرمی بررسی شده است. سپس میزان کرنش ثبت شده توسط کرنشسنجهای با طول اندازهگیرهای مختلف مقایسه و مشخص شد با استفاده از کرنشسنج­های با طول اندازهگیر کمتر، میزان کرنش ثبت شده افزایش یافته و در نتیجه خطای اندازه­گیری کاهش مییابد. در نهایت با استفاده از مدل سه­بعدی ارائه شده ضرایب نرمی برای دو چندلایه­ای کامپوزیتی کربن- اپوکسی و شیشه- اپوکسی تعیین شده­اند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
111 - مدلسازی و تحلیل مودال برای نوسانات تیر IPMCو شبیهسازی به عنوان عملگر
آرش رجایی علی مختاریان مصطفی پیرمرادیانهدف این مقاله تحلیل مودال تیر از جنس پلیمر-یونی فلزی است، سپس سیستم را به یک مود با پارامترهای منحصربه­فرد خود خلاصه کرده تا در شبیه سازی عملگر به ما کمک کند. در این مقاله ابتدا با استفاده از تحلیل ریاضی و فرم بسته تابع تبدیل سیستم تیر یکسر گیردار، پاسخ دینامیکی آن Moreهدف این مقاله تحلیل مودال تیر از جنس پلیمر-یونی فلزی است، سپس سیستم را به یک مود با پارامترهای منحصربه­فرد خود خلاصه کرده تا در شبیه سازی عملگر به ما کمک کند. در این مقاله ابتدا با استفاده از تحلیل ریاضی و فرم بسته تابع تبدیل سیستم تیر یکسر گیردار، پاسخ دینامیکی آن را به نیروهای ورودی مختلف (متمرکز و پیوسته) محاسبه کرده و برای انواع مختلف سیستم، نقاط تشدید و ضد­تشدید را در تحلیل فرکانسی پیدا می­شود، سپس با استفاده از آنالیز مودال در سیستم، کل پاسخ آن­را در مود پایه خلاصه کرده و پارامترهای فرکانس طبیعی نامیرا و ضریب میرایی در این مود برای سیستم معرفی می­شود، سپس تیر یکسر­گیردار کامپوزیتی را به عنوان یک عملگر در نظر گرفته می­شود که با ولتاژ ورودی، تغییر مکان و نیرو در سر آزاد خود ایجاد می­کند که با بررسی پاسخ­ها به ورودی­ها، رفتار سیستم تحلیل می­شود Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
112 - The effect of superabsorbent polymer role on quantitative and qualitative traits on wheat in soils contaminated with nickel
hadi Zarei Hamid Reza Tohidi Moghadam farshad GhooshchiIn order to study effect of super absorbent polymer application to mitigate adverse effects of nickel (Ni), a greenhouse experiment was conductedin Varamin, Iran during the growing season of 2016 in wheat. The experiment was installed in a completely randomized design, MoreIn order to study effect of super absorbent polymer application to mitigate adverse effects of nickel (Ni), a greenhouse experiment was conductedin Varamin, Iran during the growing season of 2016 in wheat. The experiment was installed in a completely randomized design, with treatments arranged in a factorial scheme with three levels of nickel (0, 60 and 120 mg per kg of soil) by three levels super absorbent polymer application (with out super absorbent polymer application (Control), 2 and 4 g per kg of soil), with three replicates. The results showed that nickel treatment significantly for all experimental traits. The nickel contamination caused a significant decreased plant height, total dry weight per plant and root dry weight per plant at by 8.51%, 31.52 and 56.06% respectively to control, Whereas, increased proline content, superoxide dismutase enzyme activity and the accumulation of nickel in leaves. Also the results showed that super absorbent polymer application increased plant height, total dry weight per plant and root dry weight per plant whereas, decreased proline content, superoxide dismutase enzyme activityand the accumulation of nickel in leaves. Generally the results of the present study indicate that super absorbent polymer application reduces the harmful effects of nickel stress and super absorbent polymer application treatment decreased oxidative stress in wheat plant Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
113 - Effect of super absorbent polymer on the morpho-physiological and biochemical characteristics of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under water deficit stress
Mohammad Reza Kazemi Farshad Ghooshchi Pourang KasraeiThis experiment studies the effects of super-physiological characteristics of wheat in drought conditions for split plot in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Main plot including different levels of water deficit stress (60, 90 and 120 mm evapor MoreThis experiment studies the effects of super-physiological characteristics of wheat in drought conditions for split plot in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Main plot including different levels of water deficit stress (60, 90 and 120 mm evaporation) and sub plot different amounts of polymer (zero, 15, 30 and 45 kg per ha).30 percent and biomass yield in the order of 6.42 and 10.94 percent increase compared to control polymer. In conditions of severe stress high level of polymer leads to a significant decrease in enzyme activity guaiacol (1.5 times), ascorbate peroxidase (63%), catalase (30%) and glutathione reductase (71%) compared to conditions without polymer. Even moderate levels of water stress leads to a significant reduction in chlorophyll a and b (15 and 24 percent respectively compared to control) was. But more drastic reduction in the amount of chlorophyll a and b in severe water deficit stress levels were observed (38.7, 51% reduction compared to control treatment). Using high polymer surfaces, 30 and 45 kg ha chlorophyll in plants to form a 13.42 and 20.13 percent respectively. Mild stress higher levels of polymers in organic solute had almost the same effect. While severe stress positive impact polymer was 45 kg per hector higher than 30 kg per hectare, and the accumulation of soluble sugars and proline able to hold even under mild stress. The high polymer membrane lipid peroxidation rate decreased, resulting in the production of malondialdehyde as compared to controls 53 percent. Superabsorbent polymer on grain weight, biological yield, grain yield, harvest index, guaiacol peroxidase enzymes, ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione reductase was significant, and in Kalataz the interaction is not significant. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
114 - A200 super absorbent polymer effect on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of oil sunflower under water deficit conditions in field
Mehri Hashemi Hamid Reza Tohidi Moghadam Farshad QushchyTo evaluate the effect of superabsorbent and without application of quantitative and qualitative characteristics of sunflower oil and water deficit stress conditions, the pilot in 1391, Azad University of Varamin Agricultural Research Station (Pishva) was carried out. T MoreTo evaluate the effect of superabsorbent and without application of quantitative and qualitative characteristics of sunflower oil and water deficit stress conditions, the pilot in 1391, Azad University of Varamin Agricultural Research Station (Pishva) was carried out. This study was a split plot in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Where irrigation as main factors (lack of tension, the tension in the fourth and fifth pair of leaves, water stress at flowering, drought in the fourth and fifth pairs of leaves and flowering) and the concentration of the polymer, super absorbent (zero, 15 and 30 kg per ha) as sub plots were purpose. Traits such as seed yield, oil content, protein content, chlorophyll and relative water content were studied. The results showed that water deficit, particularly at the flowering stage reduced the grain yield, leaf chlorophyll content, leaf relative water content, oil content and the increased use of super absorbent of all the characters. Stress protein was also increased. The results obtained in this experiment can be concluded that the most critical stage in the flowering stage and two-stage stress (vegetative and reproductive) is very sensitive to drought stress and Application of 30 kg ha super absorbent to lessen the impact of drought was identified as the best treatments Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
115 - The effect of super absorbent polymer application on some physiological and biochemical characteristics of wheat (Triticum aestivum. l.) under cut irrigation The effect of super absorbent polymer application on some physiological and biochemical characteristics of wheat (Triticum aestivum. l.) under cut irrigation The effect of super absorbent polymer application on some physiological and biochemical characteristics of wheat (Triticum
Ashkan Askiyani Farshad Ghooshchi Hmid Reza Tohidi MoghadamIn order to study the effects of amount of super absorbent polymer on some physiological and biochemical characteristics of wheat under normal and cut irrigation an experiment was conducted in research field of Islamic Azad University, Varamin Branch during 2012 growing MoreIn order to study the effects of amount of super absorbent polymer on some physiological and biochemical characteristics of wheat under normal and cut irrigation an experiment was conducted in research field of Islamic Azad University, Varamin Branch during 2012 growing season. The experimental design was laid out in a randomized complete block with a split plots arrangement of treatments in three replications. Main plots included four different levels of irrigation (complete irrigation or no irrigation withholding,cut irrigation at stem elongation, cut irrigation at flowering, and cut irrigation at both flowering and seed setting stages ) and sub factors were included super absorbent (0, 20 and 40 kg per hectare). The results showed that cut irrigation conditions in different growth stages significantly decreased seed yield, carbohydrate grain content, total chlorophyll content and gibberellin but increased protein percentage, superoxide dismutase activity and malondialdehyde content. Super absorbent polymer application in cut irrigation in different growth stages had positive effect on seed yield. In general, we concluded that super absorbent can improve growth conditions for wheat plants grown under water deficit stress. The reviews although show super absorbent is able to reduce the destroying effect of low water by absorbing and preserving water and approve varying agricultural characters. With attention to increased yield and its components and decreasing plant water need, using this material is economically acceptable Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
116 - Prevalence of BVD in bovine aborted fetuses of dairy cattle herds by RT� PCR in Tehran province
آریا Badii, فرهاد Mousakhani, علی Zolfaghari, محسن Zafari, , M MalekanBovine viral diarrhea disease virus (BVDV) from flaviviridae family and pestiviruses can cause reproductive complications including abortion, stillbirth, infertility, congenital defects and many other economic losses. Becauseof diffcult clinical diagnosis, many laborator MoreBovine viral diarrhea disease virus (BVDV) from flaviviridae family and pestiviruses can cause reproductive complications including abortion, stillbirth, infertility, congenital defects and many other economic losses. Becauseof diffcult clinical diagnosis, many laboratory methods including reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) can be used to exact diagnosis.In this study, 251 samples of aborted fetuses were referred from industrial dairy farms of Tehran province andevaluated in a reference laboratory during one year. samples tested were tissues, including liver, kidney, spleenand heart were the fetus.Based on the results, the estimated prevalence of abortion due to BVD in Tehran province was 25.2% and basedon the season, respectively, spring 33.3%, summer 18%, atom 34.2%, winter 23.7%.In order to reduce the prevalence of BVD abortions the following points should be noted: identifcation and elimination PIs, vaccination, application of bio-security principles and etc Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
117 - Prevalence of Leptospira spp. In bovine aborted fetuses of dairy cattle herds by PCR in Tehran province
آریا Badii فرهاد Mousakhani محمد Malekan محسن ZafariLeptospirosis is a zoonotic disease that can cause heavy economic losses through complications including abortion, stillbirth, infertility, reduced milk production, etc. In this study, 251 referred samples of aborted fetuses inindustrial dairy herds of Tehran province e MoreLeptospirosis is a zoonotic disease that can cause heavy economic losses through complications including abortion, stillbirth, infertility, reduced milk production, etc. In this study, 251 referred samples of aborted fetuses inindustrial dairy herds of Tehran province evaluated in MABNA laboratory during one year. Tested samples included a homogenous tissue mixture of fatal heart, kidney, liver and spleen. For DNA extraction, the ProteinaseK Method was used. Then polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed to recognize Leptospira Spp. by using specifc 16s rRNA gene primers. Samples with 331bp band in electrophoresis gel were considered positive.Prevalence of leptospiral abortion in average was 12.8 % in Tehran province during a year and based on season,respectively, the amount in spring was 15%, summer 9.08 %, autumn 10 % and winter 19.2 %. Based on theseresults, it was most prevalent in spring and winter that is probably due to higher environmental humidity, hydrophilic nature of leptospira and more bacterial activities. Generally according to the prevalence of 12.8 %, the majorcause of abortion in Tehran province in industrial dairy herds is leptospiral infection so that any activities in orderto eradicate and control the disease is essential. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
118 - Effect of different quantities of super adsorbent and potassium sulfate on growth dynamics and product parameters of cowpea
Asieh Talashan Tayeb SakinejadThis research in the form split plot in format of random complete block design in three replays was implemented. The main plots consist of three levels of potassium sulfate fertilizer, 1- no potassium sulfate, 2- 70 kg/ha pure potassium 3- 140 kg/ha pure potassium, from MoreThis research in the form split plot in format of random complete block design in three replays was implemented. The main plots consist of three levels of potassium sulfate fertilizer, 1- no potassium sulfate, 2- 70 kg/ha pure potassium 3- 140 kg/ha pure potassium, from the source potassium sulfate fertilizer, and subplots inclusive three levels of super absorbent polymer with amounts: 1- no super absorbent, 2- 50 kg/ha super absorbent, 3- 100 kg/ha super absorbent. The results showed Increased potassium sulfate up to 140 kg/ha and super absorbent up to 100 kg/ha cause improvement and increase total dry matter process, leaf area index, crop growth rate and net assimilation rate were. The difference between levels of potassium sulfate fertilizer was also significant in terms of number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, 1000 seed weight, grain yield, biological yield at 1% probability level and harvest index at 5% level. The difference between super absorbent polymer surfaces in all measured traits was significant at 1% probability level. In the interaction between potassium sulfate and super adsorbent, 1000 seed weight, grain yield, biological yield at 1% probability level and harvest index were significant at 5% probability level, but In the remaining traits no significant difference was observed. The highest grain yield with 140 kg/ha of potassium sulfate and 100 kg/ha of super absorbent polymer with 4336 kg/ha and the lowest grain yield in control treatment (without application of potassium sulfate and superabsorbent) with 1334 kg/ha. According to the results, application of 140 kg ha-1 of potassium sulfate and 100 kg ha-1 of super absorbent polymer in terms of physiological indices and yield the results are acceptable and can be recommended in the region. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
119 - Effect of superabsorbent hydrogel on yield, yield components and water use efficiency of corn under drought stress
Davoud Khodadadi Dehkordi Seyed Amir Shams Nia Aslan EgdernezhadDeficit irrigation is a technique for optimizing crop production under drought stress conditions. The superabsorbent hydrogel is a hydrophilic polymer being able to absorb and retain a large amount of water. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of different r MoreDeficit irrigation is a technique for optimizing crop production under drought stress conditions. The superabsorbent hydrogel is a hydrophilic polymer being able to absorb and retain a large amount of water. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of different rates of Super AB A 200 superabsorbent hydrogel on yield and yield components of corn cv SC704 under drought stress. The experiment carried out in split plot based on a randomized block design in Hamidieh region, Khuzestan province, Iran. In this study, three different depths of irrigation were considered as the main plot including 100, 75 and 50% of water requirement of plants respectively and different levels of superabsorbent were used as sub-plot including 0 (control), 15, 30 and 45 g/m2, respectively. Increasing drought stress led to significant loss of yield, yield components and decrement in water use efficiency of corn The effect of drought stress was determined by decreasing leaf surface area index, disruption of nutrients uptake and transfer, which ultimately led to a decrease in the supply of nutrients, yield and yield components. Finally, it was concluded that superabsorbent hydrogel is effective in retaining water and nutrients and releasing them under drought stress conditions and significantly prevents the decline of yield and yield components. It is recommended to use 75% of plant water requirement and 45 g/m2 superabsorbent for corn cultivation under Khuzestan province climate conditions. Manuscript profile
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