Design, Synthesis, Characterization and Biological Evaluation of Iron Oxide Magnetic Nanoparticles Coated with Chitosan/Alginate Polymer

Subject Areas : Journal of Animal Biology

Elham Rostami ¹ , Elham Hovazi ²

1 - Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
2 - Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran

Received: 2022-08-15 Accepted : 2022-11-06 Published : 2023-08-23

Keywords: Chitosan, Iron Oxide, Magnetic nanoparticles, Alginate, biopolymer,

Abstract :

In recent years, the use of nanoparticles in diagnosis, drug delivery and treatment has received much attention due to the small size of these particles and the increase in the surface-to-volume ratio. The most important problem when treating cancer with chemotherapy is the lack of access to the central parts of the mass due to its less blood supply. The purpose of this research was to investigate the toxicity of iron oxide nanoparticles coated with chitosan/alginate biopolymer on melanoma cancer cells of Hep G2 cells. In this research, magnetic iron nanoparticles were coated with two biopolymers, chitosan and alginate. The size and morphology of the surface of these nanoparticles were checked by size measuring device and scanning electron microscope, also the binding of functional groups of chitosan and alginate to magnetic iron nanoparticles was checked by infrared spectrometer. It was treated using magnetic iron nanoparticles and modified nanoparticles for 24 hours and the IC50 concentration of the compounds was estimated. The toxic properties of these nanoparticles were evaluated by MTT test and acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining. Examining the photos of the scanning electron microscope and the size measuring device showed a size of 50 nm for the modified iron nanoparticles. The shape of these nanoparticles was observed to be completely round and spherical. Biological investigations of nanoparticles definitely confirmed the effective coating of nanoparticles by chitosan and alginate biopolymers. According to the findings, magnetic iron nanoparticles had higher toxic effects depending on the concentration and their IC50 concentration was about 134 μM/ml, while the coated nanoparticles had significantly lower toxic effects and at concentrations below 25 μM/ml, they had no significant toxicity on Hep G2 cells. .

References:

1. Ankamwar B., Lai T., Huang J., Liu R., Hsiao M., Chen C., Hwu Y. 2010, Biocompatibility of Fe3O4 nanoparticles evaluated by in vitro cytotoxicity assays using normal, glia and breast cancer cells. Nanotechnology, 21(7):075102.


2. Azar N.T., Mutlu P., Khodadust R., Gunduz U. 2013. Poly (amidoamine) (PAMAM) nanoparticles: Synthesis and biomedical applications. Journal of Biology and Chemistry, 41(3):289‐2


3. Babaei E., Sadeghizadeh M., Hassan Z.M., Feizi M.A., Najafi F., Hashemi S.M. 2012. Dendrosomal curcumin significantly suppresses cancer cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo. International Immunopharmacology, 12(1):226‐


4. Bakhtiary Z., Saei A.A., Hajipour M.J., Raoufi M., Vermesh O., Mahmoudi M. 2016. Targeted superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for early detection of cancer: Possibilities and challenges. Nanomedicine, 12(2):287‐


5. Beigi F., Fatahian S., Shahbazi Gahrouei D. 2019. In-Vitro Toxicity Assessment of polydopamine-coated and uncoated Fe3o4 nanoparticles in cell line B16-F10 (melanoma cell). Journal of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences,37(533):762-767.


6. Berry C.C., Wells S., Charles S.., Curtis AS. 2003. Dextran and albumin derivatised iron oxide nanoparticles: influence on fibroblasts in vitro. Biomaterials, 24(25):4551-4557.


7. Cai W., Wan J. 2007. Facile synthesis of superparamagnetic magnetite nanoparticles in liquid polyols. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 305(2):366-370.


8. Calderón M., Quadir M.A., Sharma S.K., Haag R. 2010. Dendritic polyglycerols for biomedical applications. Advanced Materials, 22(2):190218.


9. Calderón M., Quadir M.A., Strumia M., Haag R. 2010. Functional dendritic polymer architectures as stimuli-responsive nanocarriers. Biochimie, 92(9):1242-1251.


10. Chobot V., Hadacek F., Kubicova L. 2014. Effects of selected dietary secondary metabolites on reactive oxygen species production caused by iron (II) autoxidation. Molecules, 19(12):20023-20033.


11. Fatahian S., Shahbazi-Gahrouei D., Pouladian M., Yousefi M.H., Amiri G.R., Noori A. 2012. Biodistribution and toxicity assessment of radiolabeled and DMSA coated ferrite nanoparticles in mice. Journal of Radioanalyticcal and Nuclear Chemistry, 293(3): 915-921.


12. Gautier J., Allard‐Vannier E., Munnier E., Soucé M., Chourpa I. 2013. Recent advances in theranostic nanocarriers of doxorubicin based on iron oxide and gold nanoparticles. Journal of Controlled Release,169(1‐2):48‐


13. Gu X. Zhang Y., Sun H. Song X., Fu C., Dong P. 2015. Mussel-inspired polydopamine coated iron oxide nanoparticles for biomedical application. Journal of Nanomaterials, 2015:154592.


14. Javid,  Ahmadian S.,  Saboury A.A.,  Kalantar S.M.,  Rezaei-Zarchi S. 2013. Chitosan-coated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for doxorubicin delivery: synthesis and anticancer effect against human ovarian cancer cells. Chemical Biology and Drug Design, 82(3):296-306.


15. Liao N., Wu M., Pan F., Lin J., Li Z., Zhang D. 2016. Poly (dopamine) coated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanocluster for noninvasive labeling, tracking, and targeted delivery of adipose tissue-derived stem cells. Scientific Reports, 6:18746.


16. Majewski A.P., Schallon A., Jerome V., Freitag R., Muller A.H., Schmalz H. 2012. Dual-responsive magnetic core-shell nanoparticles for nonviral gene delivery and cell separation. Biomacromolecules, 13(3): 857-866.


17. Moghimi S.M., Hunter A.C., Murray J.C. 2001. Long‐circulating and target‐specific nanoparticles: Theory to practice. Pharmacological Reviews, 53(2):283‐


18. Moradi K., Shahbazi-Gahrouei D., Malik Shah Abdul Majid A., Suhaimi J.M., Moradi K.B., Shahbazi-Gahrouei S. 2017. In vitro study of SPIONs-C595 as molecular imaging probe for specific breast cancer (MCF-7) cells detection. Iranian Biomedical Journal, 21(6):360-368.


19. Munnier E., Cohen‐Jonathan S., Hervé K., Linassier C., Soucé M., Dubois P. 2011. Doxorubicin delivered to MCF‐7 cancer cells by superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles: Effects on subcellular distribution and cytotoxicity. Journal of Nanoparticle Research,13(3):959‐


20. Pankhurst Q.A., Thanh N.T.K., Jones S.K., Dobson J. 2009. Progress in applications of magnetic nanoparticles in biomedicine. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, 42(22):224001.


21. Shahbazi-Gahrouei D., Moradi K.P., Moradi K.B., Shahbazi-Gahrouei S. 2019. Medical imaging modalities using nanoprobes for cancer diagnosis: A literature review on recent findings. Journal of Research in Medical Sciences, 24: 38.


22. Shahbazi-Gahrouei D., Moradi Khaniabadi P., Shahbazi-Gahrouei S., Khorasani A., Mahmoudi F. 2019. A literature review on multimodality molecular imaging nanoprobes for cancer detection. Polish Journal of Medical Physics and Engineering, 25(2):57-68.


23. Unsoy G., Gunduz U. 2017. Targeted drug delivery via chitosan‐coated magnetic nanoparticles. In: Andronescu E, Grumezescu AM, editors. Nanostructures drug delivery. Amsterdam: Elsevier, Pp:835‐


24. Veiseh O., Gunn J.W., Zhang M. 2010. Design and fabrication of magnetic nanoparticles for targeted drug delivery and imaging. Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, 62(3):284‐