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Open Access Article
1 - The Role of Environmental Psychology in High-rise Buildings based on Sustainable Architecture Attitude
Abdolhadi Daneshpour Mojtaba Mahdavinia Mohammad Mehdi Ghiai According to the uncontrolled population growth and urbanity and also the increase of immigrations to cities and the lack of appropriate construction areas, the high rising strategy is being promoted. On the other hand, in this type of building, because of high u More According to the uncontrolled population growth and urbanity and also the increase of immigrations to cities and the lack of appropriate construction areas, the high rising strategy is being promoted. On the other hand, in this type of building, because of high user density in a limited area and the considerable use of energy resources during construction and exploitation, sustainable attitude have to be pursued not only in design process but also during exploitation. Since achieving the goals of sustainable architecture is impossible without attention to user’s behavior, the psychological terms and behavioral sciences play the key role. In this regard, few of the researches that have already been done are about the psychological and behavioral aspects of sustainability attitude. In This paper, the role of environmental psychology in sustainable high rise building design is recognized and also in order to promotion of this type of behavior through Maslow pyramid model of needs, the ways and strategies are explored. In the next step, with considering of the role of “attitude” in promoting individual and social behaviors, the strategies of “education” and “resources management” have been presented. Finally, environmental psychology as a basis for motivating sustainable behavior by users is introduced. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Massive Modularity Hypothesis, Heuristic and Cognitive Bias: Competitor or Complementary
Aida RezaeiIn the cognitive sciences, two distinct theories have been proposed about the structure of the human mind, both of which are evolutionary but also different. One of them is the theory of evolutionary psychology and its related claim to the massive modularity hypothesis, MoreIn the cognitive sciences, two distinct theories have been proposed about the structure of the human mind, both of which are evolutionary but also different. One of them is the theory of evolutionary psychology and its related claim to the massive modularity hypothesis, which considers the mind as a set of modules. Another is the simple heuristic and its related claim to the existence of an adaptive toolbox in cognitive methods that assigns mind guidance to the existence of a set of heuristics. Both theories seek to explain cultural diversity by applying these modules/ heuristics. Although proponents of each do not routinely mention the existence of another theory, both theories, both the massive modularity hypothesis and the existing idea of heuristics in the mind, seek to provide explanations not only from an evolutionary perspective but also in comparative psychology (Which compares the behavior of non-human species) are also acceptable. They also want to explain how cognitive processes are processed in our minds. However, at first, there are reasons to think that these theories offer explanations of human cognition that are incompatible with each other or undermine each other. What is challenged in this article is how a human being, who has always been influenced by a variety of heuristics, cognitive biases, and irrationality in reasoning, judgment, and decision-making during the process of evolution, can have a massive modular cognitive structure in its mind. And be organized to have a logical function Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Joseph Carroll's Evolutionary Critique of the Picture of Dorian Gray: A Critical Study
Ghazaleh Azizi hadi samadiIn evolutionary literary criticism, literary masterpieces are criticized from the perspective of Darwinian theory of evolution. The main purpose of this type critique is to shed new light on the ambiguous labyrinths of human relations with a new look. Joseph Carroll is MoreIn evolutionary literary criticism, literary masterpieces are criticized from the perspective of Darwinian theory of evolution. The main purpose of this type critique is to shed new light on the ambiguous labyrinths of human relations with a new look. Joseph Carroll is one of the leaders in evolutionary literary criticism, and his most famous critique is based on Oscar Wilde's Dorian Gray. This article is a critical review of Carroll's evolutionary critique of Wilde's masterpiece. The article argues that Carroll faces this difficulty in his critique that from the evolution viewpoint the biological main purpose of human actions is survival and reproduction, Wilde, on the other hand, introduces an opposite goal to his protagonist, Dorian. Carroll's critique is a valuable literary critique, but it may not be considered a full-fledged evolutionary literary critique because Carroll's focus is primarily on evolutionary psychology and does not use the cultural evolution beyond biological levels in this critique. While by using theories such as De waal's views, this critique can be brought closer to an evolutionary literary critique. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Effects of Environmental Psychology on the Design of a Care Center for Homeless Children in Order to Mitigate Urban Harm
Dorsa Faghihi Vahedane FooladiIntroduction and Objective: The significance of employing an environmental psychology approach in the development of a care facility for orphaned children comes from its ability to mitigate urban harm. This research investigates the use of an environmental psychology me MoreIntroduction and Objective: The significance of employing an environmental psychology approach in the development of a care facility for orphaned children comes from its ability to mitigate urban harm. This research investigates the use of an environmental psychology method in the design of a care facility for orphaned children. The main goal is to mitigate the adverse impacts of urban environments on these children and address the consequences of inadequate care.Method: This study employed a descriptive-analytical approach to determine the mental and psychological features of children, with a specific focus on the extent to which environmental psychology influences the level of harm in urban areas. It also features a library method to investigate the literature related to its structure based on written documentation.Results: This study involved the identification of an appropriate environment with specific physical measures based on relevant literature, scholarly publications, and expert opinions.Conclusion: The results of this research demonstrate that implementing an environmental psychology approach in designing care centers for orphaned children can contribute to mitigating urban harm and promoting the overall growth and development of these children. The findings suggest that incorporating diverse, visually appealing graphic designs within the care center environment not only improves its aesthetic appeal and triggers positive emotions in children but also contributes to the enhancement of their mental and spiritual well-being. Consequently, the establishment of open areas inside the premises of a care center could serve as a catalyst for promoting outdoor engagement among children, enhancing their physical activity levels. Furthermore, the establishment of appropriate physical environments that facilitate teamwork and persistent engagement can effectively enhance children's sense of solidarity and social connectedness. Eventually, the implementation of an environmental psychology approach in the design of a care center has the potential to improve the psychological and emotional well-being of the children as well as enhance their physical health and vitality. Additionally, this method may encourage a sense of solidarity and social connectedness among the children while also minimizing the adverse impacts of urbanization on society. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - From Freud to Maslow: Transformation of Paradigms in Psychology of Religion in Modern Era
حسین Heidari جواد Rohani Rassaf Kh Kardoust FiniThere are Four distinct intellectual waves affected the formation of psychology and psychological study of religion: Psychoanalytic theory (from 1900), Behavioral psychology (appeared about 1920), Humanistic psychology (appeared in 1940s) and transpersonal psychology (a MoreThere are Four distinct intellectual waves affected the formation of psychology and psychological study of religion: Psychoanalytic theory (from 1900), Behavioral psychology (appeared about 1920), Humanistic psychology (appeared in 1940s) and transpersonal psychology (appeared about 1960 onwards). From that time onwards, appeared fifth wave can be considered as the elective and synthesis approaches. In this essay the position of religion is discussed from the viewpoint of classical psychologists during the early modern period, especially that of Freud and Jung and the negative belief of behaviorists about religion and also modern psychological theories in late modernity, like William James, Rollo May, Viktor Frankl and Erich Fromm and in the following, humanistic and psychological perspectives of Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow will be assessed critically. In this inquiry, it will be concluded that despite Freud and most of former psychologists' perspectives and according to Maslow's theory, human is inherently religious oriented and spiritual life is a part of his life. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Transcendental Suffering or Post-traumatic Growth: A Comparative Study of the Possibility of Post-Divorce Growth in Islam and Positive Psychology
Atefeh Najafizadeh Roshank Kodabakhsh Pirkalani Azam Farah BijariIn the religious worldview and in the religion of Islam in particular there is the concept that suffering that a person suffers in life is not vain, but can be a ground for human growth; a concept in positivist psychology that is called post-traumatic growth. Examining MoreIn the religious worldview and in the religion of Islam in particular there is the concept that suffering that a person suffers in life is not vain, but can be a ground for human growth; a concept in positivist psychology that is called post-traumatic growth. Examining the verses and hadiths, we find that although divorce is a reprehensible thing in Islam, but in a situation where the main purpose of marriage, which is to provide peace for the couple, is not achieved, the divorce is permitted. Psychological findings show that in a situation where the quality of marriage is very low, divorce can increase the psychological well-being of individuals. Insisting on continuing to live together has many consequences for incompatible couples, and this is where the issue of divorce arises. But divorce, despite its negative consequences, can lead to positive changes in individuals, including a deeper understanding of life, the development of meaningful relationships with family and friends, a sense of inner strength, a change in life priorities. Given the inevitability of divorce, it is necessary to study carefully all aspects of divorce, including its positive consequences, to provide the grounds for the formation of growth after divorce. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Psychological entropy theory in behavioral finance
Mohammad Namazi Sholeh MansooryDespite the new finance theory and efficient market assumption in capital markets, some empirical documents and market anomiles causes a new theory called behavioral finance. This theory describes the psychological process effects in financial decision makings and the w MoreDespite the new finance theory and efficient market assumption in capital markets, some empirical documents and market anomiles causes a new theory called behavioral finance. This theory describes the psychological process effects in financial decision makings and the way in which one would determine the financial market behavior. This approach which is the result of the Psychology and finance combination have led to more accurate and contemporary aspects of human behavior in financial markets. This research is empirical and descriptive in this paper after the introduction of the development of the behavioral finance, the entropy theory and physiological patterns of human decisions are illustrated. It is concluded that entropy theory can be implemented to understand and predetermine the investors behavior in financial markets. There are several important personal entropy factors that affect the behavioral finance: these are: Conservation principle, plan or agency, collective behavior, over confidence loss- aversion and risks taking. Hence, the financial advisors can suggest portfolios which are proportionate to investors objectives and attitudes. It is expected that behavioral models development and observed phenomena explanation would lead to market and the optional use of the information in the markets. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Comparative Analysis of Shame in Vis and Rāmin, Khosrow and Shirin
Faezeh Eftekhari Roozbahani Mohammad Ali Shafaei Masoumeh Khodadadi Mahabad Mojtaba Ansari ShahidiThe characters of a lyrical poem depict human emotions that originate from individual and society’s heart. (sense of) Shame has always been one of the most important emotional elements in Iranian culture as well as romantic relationships. The reflection of this th MoreThe characters of a lyrical poem depict human emotions that originate from individual and society’s heart. (sense of) Shame has always been one of the most important emotional elements in Iranian culture as well as romantic relationships. The reflection of this theme leads to the formation of all kinds of shame, each of which leads to different reactions. In this research romantic relationships are studied by comparison of two poems "Vis and Rāmin" and "Khosrow and Shirin", in two different time periods (before Islam and after Islam), while conceptual analysis of shame reflection and selection of keywords are analyzed as well. The results of the study show that the type of shame is different in these two poetries and while having different contexts, it also appears differently in the performance between lover and beloved, which is carefully analyzed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - An Analysis on Forough Farrokhzad's Poetries Based on Archetype
Masoud Pakdel Azadeh SotoudehThe most important expression of Jung's psychoanalysis school is "Archetype". Archetype is instinctive and congenital thoughts and tendencies to the behaviors that human do based on predetermined patterns; in other words they are the images which enter the human's uncon MoreThe most important expression of Jung's psychoanalysis school is "Archetype". Archetype is instinctive and congenital thoughts and tendencies to the behaviors that human do based on predetermined patterns; in other words they are the images which enter the human's unconscious. These thoughts and tendencies represent in religions, myths and literary works. Forough is one of the Iranian famous poets whose poetries are full of archetype because of the sufferings and grieves in her life. The achived outcomes of the present research show that archetypes such as Great Mother, re-born, love and hero are frequently applied in her poetries' hero and Great Mother are more manifestef amongst all. Archetypes denouments many knots and aids the beauthy of the poetry. For instance by understanding love pattern, we realize that love would not be faded in time from Forough's viewpoint; it's immortal and eternal; does not know time and place. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - The Comparative Study of Zahhak Story Structure Based on psychological Approach
Mansoureh MashayekhiMyths are of various aspects and meanings according to their structures and contents. One of the present myths in traditions is "Zahhak" which has been surveyed by many scholars and critics from different point of views. The author of the present analytic - research art MoreMyths are of various aspects and meanings according to their structures and contents. One of the present myths in traditions is "Zahhak" which has been surveyed by many scholars and critics from different point of views. The author of the present analytic - research article believes that the story could be studied and analyzed by psychological approach based on Jung's Theory in order to find other symbols in the abovementioned novel. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - A Study on Application of Color in Yadollah Royaee Based on Max Lüscher
Hoda PezhhanPsychological attitude to the color and a study on its effect on human's spirit and spirit is one of the modern psychology branches which is paid a lot of attention by psychology and physiology. Color psychology of Max Lüscher is a new method in which the huma MorePsychological attitude to the color and a study on its effect on human's spirit and spirit is one of the modern psychology branches which is paid a lot of attention by psychology and physiology. Color psychology of Max Lüscher is a new method in which the human psycho would be analyzed based on the color selection test. Yadollah Royaee is one of the contemporary poets who enjoys the colors in creating poetic images and dreams. The present paper attempts to represent an image of Max Lüscher's thoughts and attitudes scientifically and applicable by enjoying his color psychology theory. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - A Study on Effect of Seasons’ Psychology on Artistic Creation of Ahmad Shamloo & Forough Farrokhzad
Mojtaba Asgharnasab Ibrahim EqbaaliMany intelligentsia and literati have studied poets and authors’ works by various approaches; ipso facto different methods of literary criticism for content analysis and finding hidden and unknown valuable literary works are created. By a perceptive viewpoint, sea MoreMany intelligentsia and literati have studied poets and authors’ works by various approaches; ipso facto different methods of literary criticism for content analysis and finding hidden and unknown valuable literary works are created. By a perceptive viewpoint, seasons’ changes footprint would be found in authors and artists’ works. Ahmad Shamloo and Forough Farrokhzad are famous contemporary poets who were remarkably, psychologically and emotionally affected by seasons and related elements. Thus the present paper aims to study the psychological effects of seasons on artistic works’ creation. It also enables us to survey Shamloo and Farrokhzad’s content analysis psychologically. Precise study of the mentioned works show that effect of seasons and related elements such as various colors, coldness and warmth have great manifestation on both poets’ creativity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - A study on Imam Sajjad’s Personality in Farzadaq According to Gordon Allport's Viewpoint
Mansoureh Sadat Taleb Alhaq Fariborz Hosseinjanzadeh Mohammad JafariPraise is one of the poetic purposes by which poets introduce themselves and their beloved to the people to keep in memories. Farzadaq is one of the poets of the Umayyad era who has been known as a Shiite poet throughout history. He dedicated his ode in p MorePraise is one of the poetic purposes by which poets introduce themselves and their beloved to the people to keep in memories. Farzadaq is one of the poets of the Umayyad era who has been known as a Shiite poet throughout history. He dedicated his ode in praise of Imam Sajjad who was a contemporary with him and introduced Imam's character. Farzadagh's method in the mentioned ode is very close to Gordon Allport's theory in the field of psychology. Thus this paper decides to compare and contrast Farzadagh's personality style in Meymeh's ode with Gordon Allport's theory. Psychology as one of the humanities branches is subject to the relevant literature in many respects and the need for joint research between two categories is felt. In this article the author examines the ode's text of Meymeh by Farzadagh with a psychoanalytic critique approach which is known as the eulogy of Imam Sajjad in order to achieve the main purpose of the poet amongst all literary lexicons. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - Anxiety Management and Psychological Teachings of the Holy Quran
mohammad hossain tavanayi farahnaz eshagh teymouri Abstract The emotional arousal associated with fear is known anxiety and stress that is of the major concerns of modern societies. In this article, using the verses of the Holy Quran and the opinions and views of the interpreters and different schools of psych More Abstract The emotional arousal associated with fear is known anxiety and stress that is of the major concerns of modern societies. In this article, using the verses of the Holy Quran and the opinions and views of the interpreters and different schools of psychology, we try to identify the nature and symptoms of anxiety and to review its management. Psychologists have practiced the anxiety management regarding the different schools of psychology such as psychoanalysis, behaviorism, and cognitive perspectives and deliver practical solutions such as free association, interpretation, transference, resistance, and removing regularly sensitivity and treatment of stable role. The Holy Quran has expressed this issue through symmetries such as: earthquake, tremble, awe, fear, fright, scare and ... and for relaxation and anxiety management has noted feeling and behavioral strategies such as: faith, remembrance of God and intimacy with the beloved one, the appeal of the unseen infinite power, trust, non-attachment to the world and .... . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - A study of Women’s Altruism Relationship with Some Quran Verses
Mitra Poursina Shahla RahmaniThe present article intends to study some of the Quran verses which are about women. The assumption of the paper is that the altruism is stronger in women rather than selfishness. This feeling makes them to have more capabilities, abilities as well some deficiencies. Th MoreThe present article intends to study some of the Quran verses which are about women. The assumption of the paper is that the altruism is stronger in women rather than selfishness. This feeling makes them to have more capabilities, abilities as well some deficiencies. The present article presents some psychological interpretations by applying Quran verses to prove its claims in the field of Quran and women. The appropriate attitude to the differences causes appropriate egoism and self-knowledge in order to strengthen the strong points and decrease the weak points. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - Applying the Educational Implications of Life Meaning from Allameh Tabatabai and Thomas Aquinas Viewpoint
Gholam Ali Ahmadi Mohammad Reza Shamshiri Jahanbakhsh RahmaniThe meaning of life and the search for this meaning is a moral, spiritual, psychological and religious necessity. Allameh Tabatabai and many Islamic and Shiite philosophers believe that the meaning of life depends to a large extent on the instinctive structure MoreThe meaning of life and the search for this meaning is a moral, spiritual, psychological and religious necessity. Allameh Tabatabai and many Islamic and Shiite philosophers believe that the meaning of life depends to a large extent on the instinctive structure of individuals. This need is like the basic human needs (eating, drinking and sexual needs) that exist in the first instinct in human beings. Thomas Aquinas and Allameh TabatabaiBoth discoveries are considered beliefs because they both believe in the existence of an end in the creation of man and the world based on the concept of divine wisdom and the existence of an end in the evolution of beings. The approach of the present study is comparative. Both philosophers have in common that they have considered the meaning of life as the purpose of life and the purpose of life as the existence of God. The present study seeks to answer the questions that after recognizing the principles and the type of their philosophical approach, where are the points of difference and commonalities between these two thinkers? And what is their educational perspective and how can we establish a relationship between the views of these two thinkers in the discussion of the meaning of life and the educational perspective. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - Defect in Will: Taking an Interdisciplinary Approach Applying Islamic – Quranic Psychology Science
Fahimeh Mohammad Poor Mohammad Ali GoodarziThe purpose of this article is to study disorders relating defection and weakness in willpower. The present research attempts to survey disorders that can be considered as defects in human will, relying on authentic sources, Iranian and foreign literature and artic MoreThe purpose of this article is to study disorders relating defection and weakness in willpower. The present research attempts to survey disorders that can be considered as defects in human will, relying on authentic sources, Iranian and foreign literature and articles related to the will and its linked concepts. By defining and proving the role of will in the etiology of various mental disorders, one can in fact deduce that what is troubled is the power of will and responsibility in man, and that what is to be treated as a disease is the enhancement of willpower and will in individuals. Symptoms of weakness and deficiency in will can be considered as warning signs of problems in one's behavior, and by preventing, controlling, and sometimes treating and improving intellectual-based functioning, many social, cultural, and psychological disorders and disorders in individuals and the community stopped. Considering Quranic approach to the concept of will and emphasis on human will in enjoying a healthy and psychologically optimal life, this concept can be expanded and applied to the field of psychological therapy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - تبیین الگویی از راه یابی در شهر با رویکرد روانشناسی محیطی(مطالعه موردی: 11 محور پیاده مدار شهر تهران)
شهرام جنگجو زهرا سادات سعیده زرآبادی یوسفعلی زیاری علیرضا بندرآباد -
Open Access Article
19 - Political Psychology of Qajar Rulers (Case Study: Nassereddin Shah's Political Psychology Based on His Travelogue)
rahele rohani Ali Akbar AminiThe purpose of this research is to describe and declare the social personality of Nasser-Al-Din-Shah-Qajar and It's impact on his policies by analyzing the content of diaries from his trips and with considering the Maslow's theory. In this regard, the items such a MoreThe purpose of this research is to describe and declare the social personality of Nasser-Al-Din-Shah-Qajar and It's impact on his policies by analyzing the content of diaries from his trips and with considering the Maslow's theory. In this regard, the items such as variety-seeking, fascination, fright of western countries, isolation, justice, features of women and sensuality of the king, attention to the disciplines and principles, king's despotism and collective wisdom, king's regret from Amirkabir's murder and his belief in transcendental issues have been discussed through this research. The results showed that, Nasser-Al-Din-Shah, due to the deficiencies and problems which had affected his personality, has paid more attention to the deceptive appearances of western countries and grandeur of the west in the sight of this king, cast a shadow over the king's travelogues. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - A Symbolic Investigation of the Story of Keykhosrow’s Great Battle Characters with the Psychological Approach of Carl Gustav Jung
Toktam Niyazmand Hamid Reza Soleimanian Ali SajediA character is a collection of psychological characteristics and psychological characteristics are expressing the psychological differences and similarities of people with each other. The Shahnameh of Ferdowsi is a work, that the great attention to the character h MoreA character is a collection of psychological characteristics and psychological characteristics are expressing the psychological differences and similarities of people with each other. The Shahnameh of Ferdowsi is a work, that the great attention to the character has been paid to. What distinguishes Ferdowsi from other authors is the attention to the psychological and acting characters who are appropriate to the subject of the epic. consciously utilization of symbols indicates an action which is so important and it is related to the psychology. In addition, human also created unconscious and conscious symbols and in order to figure out the function of human’s mind well, we require to achieve those symbols inevitably. This study is conducted by using (descriptive-analytical-comparative) methods and employing library data. This study attempts to investigate symbolic characters who are in the story of Keykhosrow’s Great battle with psychological approach of Carl Gustav Jung. Since Shahnameh of Ferdowsi is a national epic of Iranian, it has roots in their ethnic and national unconsciousness and this property provides the ability to investigate it based on Jung’s view. The most important result of this present study is: shadow, evil side is incompatible and vile of the human’s psyche and caught in the darkness of inside is realizing the shadows. In order to liberate from shadow, we require to know the dark sides of our character by having a reflection on our inner self. In the process of individualism (self-regulation) with the awareness of true self, the darkness of shadows moves away and individual reaches the true self. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - اثربخشی مداخله گروهی مبتنی بر روان شناسی مثبت گرا بر بهبود استرس شغلی کارمندان
محبوبه امیدی سوسن سالاری محمدمهدی عقیلی -
Open Access Article
22 - Effect of Cognitive Map in Mental Models Recreating of the Environment
فاطمه ایمانی دیهیم تاکی مرضیه طبائیانThe purpose of this study was to know how people utilize information about their environment to find their way. This research method was qualitative, and its statistical population was all persons residing in Sange syah in Shiraz and all student of Shiraz University w MoreThe purpose of this study was to know how people utilize information about their environment to find their way. This research method was qualitative, and its statistical population was all persons residing in Sange syah in Shiraz and all student of Shiraz University who were not familiar with this area. (In both groups, meanage were 20). The research sample included 40 person who were selected voluntarily. The test environmental was historical context of Sange Syah in Shiraz. The research tool was the technique of drawing sketch maps from the test environment. The data were collected and analyzed from the survey maps of individuals in three viewpoints. The major finding was that peoples spatial knowledge is “map- like” and cognitive maps of the environment that people have in mind help the navigational process. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - Measuring the Most Valuable approaches of language Education; Studying of Language Teaching Curricula in Elementary School
Azar Moradian jamal salimiThe purpose of this research was to study education curriculum (content, methods and mechanisms of learning) in elementary schools. The research in terms of purpose and method of data collection are application and descriptive- survey, respectively. The statistical popu MoreThe purpose of this research was to study education curriculum (content, methods and mechanisms of learning) in elementary schools. The research in terms of purpose and method of data collection are application and descriptive- survey, respectively. The statistical population comprised first and second grade teachers in Sanandaj city primary schools. In this study, random cluster sampling was used. The instrument used in this study is a researcher- made questionnaire, which is derived from the common language education questionnaire entitled “Assessment of Language Education Approaches(ALEA)”. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and frequency tables, mean, and standard deviation and then, in inference statistics level, exploratory factor analysis, ANOVA, t-test one sample, and Bartlett test was used. Factors and components of the basic education curriculum in the first and second Persian language elementary teachers' views on curriculum implementation were extracted by exploratory factor analysis, which according to the load factor and the conceptual and theoretical structure of questionnaire statements with an emphasis on statements with the highest load factor were called inherent teaching methods, acquired teaching methods, acquired subject content, inherent subject content, interactive subject content, interactive learning mechanisms, inherent learning mechanisms, interactive teaching methods and learning mechanisms, respectively. The results of this research show that: the views of elementary teachers for interactive teaching mechanism in comparison with adaptive approach has been more significant and their view is likely to be closer to interactive approach and adaptive approach, respectively. Also, teachers for subject content factor, their views including the inherent, interactive and acquired approaches, respectively. Thus, their view is closer to inherent, interactive and adaptive approaches, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - تاثیر سخن راست و سخن دروغ بر افراد با نگاه به دیدگاه مولانا و نگرشی به دیدگاه روان شناسانه دیوید لیبرمن
پروین گلی زاده سیروس عالی پور لیلا تندسی -
Open Access Article
25 - Psychology of language and the linguistic of psyche in the story of Rostam and Sohrab
reza ashraf'zadeh ali Roohbakhsh mobasseryEvery Literary work formed in the language field and Languageincludes a system of many different concepts. In fact, a literary work isformed in a text, but it's concepts are resulted from an action out of text.in the text, on the one side deals with man's mind and on th MoreEvery Literary work formed in the language field and Languageincludes a system of many different concepts. In fact, a literary work isformed in a text, but it's concepts are resulted from an action out of text.in the text, on the one side deals with man's mind and on the other sidedeals with the external world. Sometimes, the words are associated withone's mind and form his unconscious mind. Unconsciousness is the basisof psychology and linguistic and in a word, it is the basis of thephilosophy of aesthetics. This point for making clear the unconsciousnessand finding that it is the result of action and reaction of mind andlanguage.Because of this reason, linguistic based on psychology has animportant role in making known a literary work to the society and to theauthors as well.The most important achievement of this research is, identifying andcriticizing of linguistic mistakes in "Rostam and Sohrab" and ponderingthe poet's sincere believes and his social disappointment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - Language Psychology and Female Gender Roles Concerning Expressive Verses of Female Poets
Zahra Ismail Yan Azari Narges Oskouie Hossein DadashiThe purpose of this research was to analyze and interpret the gender roles reflected in expressive verses of female poets. The statistical universe of the research included the expressive verses of female poets. The sample embraced expressive verses of Simin Behbahani, MoreThe purpose of this research was to analyze and interpret the gender roles reflected in expressive verses of female poets. The statistical universe of the research included the expressive verses of female poets. The sample embraced expressive verses of Simin Behbahani, Forough Farrokhzad, Sepideh Kashani and Tahereh Safarzadeh. The combined research method was descriptive-comparative-analytical-statistical.) The data collection promoted through the library method. The results indicated that the analysis and interpretation of the gender roles reflected in the expressive verses text of female poets were based on the theory of Sandra Bem's gender glasses. By describing 20 strong attributes for women in gender roles, she provided a model for determining the extent of women's belief in the identity and gender labels that culture and power have favored and designed for them. Significant signs of the narrator's mental image of her "I" were manifested in the expressive verses language context, which could draw and complete the author's identity-gender scheme for psychological research. The results also showed that the words according to women's moods in expressive verses manifested women's deep sensory-emotional signs and their commitment to the world (others, nature, society). Women were warm and sensitive to the needs of "others". Sadness, acceptance of fate, inferiority, resorting to religious beliefs and sometimes superstitions to save from personal and collective troubles, commitment to perform socio-cultural rituals and being submissive were the main identity-gender characteristics of women. Simple and brief sentences in women's poetry expressed characteristics such as lack of openness, being brief, accepting and not criticizing or demanding rights from women. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - Women Characteristics in the “Fire without Smoke” Novel with Emphasis on Humanistic Psychology Theories
Zeyanab Barzegar Khodabakhsh AsadollahiThe aim of the current research was to examine the women characteristics in the “Fire without Smoke” novel with emphasis on the humanistic psychology theories. The statistical universe encased all the “Fire without Smoke” novel text. The sample o MoreThe aim of the current research was to examine the women characteristics in the “Fire without Smoke” novel with emphasis on the humanistic psychology theories. The statistical universe encased all the “Fire without Smoke” novel text. The sample of the research enfolded the women characteristics in the mentioned novel. the research method was analytical-descriptive. And the two models of Frankel's logo-therapy and Rogers' fully functioning were utilized to psychologically examine the women characteristics in the “Fire Without Smoke” novel. The data were gathered via library method. The findings of the research showed that women played roles, in the form of different characters such as wife, mother, doctor, university professor, and writer in the novel “Fire Without Smoke”, and they had a significant impact on the culture of society during the Pahlavi era. The will to freedom and challenging the banal dominating culture were the distinct women characteristics in the novel that were manifested in cases such as literacy teaching- learning, the right to choose in marriage, equality and equality with men had appeared. The culture that governed the lives of women in the “Fire Without Smoke” novel had been formed in a bed of suffering. The personality traits such as the achievement motive and to overcome social limitations, love and excellence were the prominent manifestations of the resistance culture in the lives of the suffering women of this novel. It could be concluded that the women in the “Fire Without Smoke” novel were influential in the formation of their character and destiny, family and society, and they were one of the important foundations of the cultural developments mentioned in this novel. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - Psychological analysis of Simorgh story of Attar Neyshaburi according to Maslow’s theory of need
golnia saed Fateh SohrabiStudying the mystic literature of our historical culture and comparing them with modern psychological theories is an interesting context that has being in the scope of attention for many decades. One of this matters is about similarities between mystic and its steps wit MoreStudying the mystic literature of our historical culture and comparing them with modern psychological theories is an interesting context that has being in the scope of attention for many decades. One of this matters is about similarities between mystic and its steps with humanistic theories of psychologists. For this end, the aim of this study is to consider the Simorgh Story of Attar Neyshabouri with Maslow’s Hierarchical Theory of Needs. Maslow’s hierarchical theory of needs respectively contains physiological needs, safety need, Love and belongingness needs, respect and esteem needs, and self-actualization needs. The method of our study was conceptual analysis of the meaning of dialogues according to the aforementioned theory. Therefore, we considered the birds reasoning along with the story with the levels of need along with the Maslow's hierarchical theory and finally their concepts and contexts scrutinized. The results showed that the birds reasoning and opinions along with the Attar's story have accommodated with proposed needs of the Maslow’s theory. However, their context are difference, but their procedure are most resembles together. Also, except than the general materials, they have many common things in their details. So it can be said that the story of Simorgh could better understood if it put under the conceptual frame of Maslow's theory. Manuscript profile -
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29 - A Psychoanalytical Reading of ForoughFarrokhzad’sPoetry through looking glass of Freud and Adler
Ali Dehghan Soheila GhasemiPsychology criticism tries to publicize the motives and mental excitements and the affective factors on creature of a literary work by using the work itself and on the other hand by the help of the author or poet’s biography by emphasizing on psychology and psycho MorePsychology criticism tries to publicize the motives and mental excitements and the affective factors on creature of a literary work by using the work itself and on the other hand by the help of the author or poet’s biography by emphasizing on psychology and psychoanalysis principles. And it tries to know whether the enthusiasm, interest and agitation of the work is feigned or is the reflection of creator’s distracted and plaintive soul? And wants to know what factor has caused the enthusiasm and agitation like this? Honesty and artistic soul which have the elements like creativity, sensitiveness and is released from the net of molds and mottos, give the confident answer to psychoanalysis researches. Forough Farrokhzad’s personality includes the whole of these features. Therefore, in this research, Forough’s poems inspected based on Freud and Adler’s psychoanalysis viewpoints and distinguished that various defense mechanisms is seen against her depression and mental anxieties in her poems. And varieties complexes and mental motivations have influenced her life style and her instinct and poem perfection. Manuscript profile -
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30 - Studying the Defense Mechanism of Escape in Ghazaleh Alizadeh’s Novels; Based on Edrissis House, and Tehran’s Nights
zahra doosti آرش مشفقی Mohammad Ali MajalalThe defense mechanisms are the mental reactions of a person to the tensions which affect one’s spirit and could be taken to the edge of disintegration. Defense mechanisms, unintentionally, materializes tendencies and behaviors which protect the person against tens MoreThe defense mechanisms are the mental reactions of a person to the tensions which affect one’s spirit and could be taken to the edge of disintegration. Defense mechanisms, unintentionally, materializes tendencies and behaviors which protect the person against tensions. Escape mechanism is a mechanism which emerges in case of redundant psychological pressure on a person and disposes the person from unpleasant events. People unintentionally avoid the problem in order to forget stress, rage and failure. During this escape, one could retrieve the lost peace and balance to some extents. Although in this escape, negative consequences could be expected, this option is occasionally inevitable for human spirit. Studying Ghazaleh Alizadeh’s works reveals her special attention on the behavior and the reactions which people demonstrate when facing the problems and considers defense mechanisms as the reason of some behaviors in her novel’s protagonists. This article analyzes the escape related behaviors by studying them, based on psychology and rooted the escapes which were somehow a reaction to the stress induced on the characters during their lifetime. The results of the study show that women mostly and occasionally men, look for a shelter to forget the anxiety while facing failures and tensions. Taking refuge in the carefree and cozy corner of the life, a escape to the objects, le. Manuscript profile -
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31 - Study and analysis of the concept of love in Qaiser Aminpoor's collection of Grammar of Love based on the psychological ideas of Robert Sternberg
nadim asghari ghajari Hasanali abbaspoor esfansanQaiser Aminpoor as a prominent poet in contemporary Persian poetry has devoted much of his poetry to the phenomenon of love. What makes this book particularly important is the change in the poet's attitude to the phenomenon, which can be studied from a literary and psyc MoreQaiser Aminpoor as a prominent poet in contemporary Persian poetry has devoted much of his poetry to the phenomenon of love. What makes this book particularly important is the change in the poet's attitude to the phenomenon, which can be studied from a literary and psychological perspective. In this study, various aspects of love in the grammar of love have been studied, using library sources and descriptive-analytical methods, as well as using the Sternberg's theory of psychological theory. The results show that although the poet considers ideal love to be perfect, its frequency is not significant compared to non-ideal love. The quest for realism is justified. According to Sternberg's views, Qaiser's look at the phenomenon of love and its quality has been declining in this office and has been accompanied by pessimism and negativity, which is why his poems have a romantic (black romantic) side. Most of his poems have only two pillars of dedication + excitement, and the element of intimacy has echoed to a limited degree that the conclusion of this love affair is a philosophical-personality one and highlighting the dark and unpleasant aspects of life. Manuscript profile -
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32 - the intellectual approaches of Rumi and Arvinialum to the category of fear
Parstoo yamini Kamel Ahmadnezhad Farideh Mohseni Hanjani Afsaneh Latifi Azimi Rumi's special skill is psychology and human cognition, and the concern of anthropology and helping to alleviate the existential and cognitive pains and fears of man is one of his special intellectual characteristics, so that man does not fall into self-ignorance More Rumi's special skill is psychology and human cognition, and the concern of anthropology and helping to alleviate the existential and cognitive pains and fears of man is one of his special intellectual characteristics, so that man does not fall into self-ignorance and the sufferings and fears caused by it. Rumi's solutions to fear in Masnavi are unique, and today's psychology, which provides mechanisms for understanding the nodes of human existence, is comparable in some respects - albeit with a different approach or goals to Rumi. By studying the works of existentialist or humanistic psychologists, it seems that Soren Kirkgour, Rolumi, Abraham Maslow, Eric Fromm, Victor Frankel, Arvinialum, etc. are more efficient than others in this field of research. Due to the limitations of the research, we chose Arvinialum, who has valuable ideas to say on the subject under discussion. Because Rumi's view of issues is often existential and the frightening existential concerns common between Rumi and Arvinialum are: the grief of homelessness and existential loneliness, fear of death, fear of freedom and authority. Therefore, we examine the commonalities between the two (Rumi and Yalom) despite the differences in insight and approach. For example, Rumi's intellectual solutions to get rid of fear, such as story therapy, familiarity with the wisdom and blessings of grief and initial descent, the fear of authority and the wisdom contained in it, and the meaning of life have been compared with Yalom's intellectual approaches. Manuscript profile -
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33 - Personality psychology Components Based on Jung’s View in Anecdotes of Saadi’s Bustan
mahmoud sadeghzadeh Leyla Dehghan BanadakiBustan is the whole body of the ethical, humane, and idealistic society of Saadi, in which he describes human social behaviors. By providing practical strategies for improvement of human behaviors and relationships, he addresses many problems and mental and emotional co MoreBustan is the whole body of the ethical, humane, and idealistic society of Saadi, in which he describes human social behaviors. By providing practical strategies for improvement of human behaviors and relationships, he addresses many problems and mental and emotional conflicts of the people of the society at that time and even the present time. He has taken the advantage of the effective tool of anecdote and used the characters as the most important factors in forming the anecdotes in order to deliver his ethical and humane messages. The goal of psychology is also recognition of the aspects of human character as well as presentation of strategies for his more growth and self-awareness. In this study, we have criticized the behaviors of the characters of Bustan’s anecdotes in a descriptive, analytical, and quantitative way according to Jung’s theory of personality psychology. We have first identified the compatible and investigable anecdotes based on Jung’s view on personality psychology; then, the components of personality psychology of the main characters in those anecdotes have been analyzed, investigated, and assessed in chapters, respectively; and the results are shown in the form of table and graph. According to the investigations, among the nineteen investigable anecdotes based on Jung’s view on the personality psychology, the components of introverted personality type with eight anecdotes and about 42% were more frequent than other views of Jung. Manuscript profile -
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34 - Comparison of the effectiveness of inverted teaching and lecture methods (traditional) on students' learning in industrial-organizational psychology
Seyedeh Asma Hosseini Mohammad Rahim JafarzadehToday, the inverted teaching has become increasingly popular as a practical teaching method. The main purpose of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of inverted teaching methods and lecturing on students' learning in the course of industrial-organizationa MoreToday, the inverted teaching has become increasingly popular as a practical teaching method. The main purpose of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of inverted teaching methods and lecturing on students' learning in the course of industrial-organizational psychology. In the present study, which has been done by quasi-experimental method, a pretest-posttest design with non-randomized groups has been used. The study population consisted of all psychology students. A total of 78 female students (39 persons in each class) selected by convenience sampling method received the same educational content in the field of subjects related to the course of industrial-organizational psychology in two classes of inverted teaching and lecturing. Before and after the training, the same test was performed for both groups and the data were analysed using one-way covariance test (using version 20 of SPSS software). The results of comparing the effectiveness of inverted teaching method and lecture on students 'learning in industrial-organizational psychology after removing the pre-test effect showed that there is a significant difference between students' learning performance (p < 0.001; f = 11.576). Considering the larger average of students trained in inverted teaching method, it can be claimed that the inverted teaching method significantly improve the students’ performance more than the lecture teaching method. The inverted teaching method can be used as a very useful and effective method in teaching industrial-organizational psychology. Manuscript profile -
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35 - Comparison of the effectiveness of the teaching method of jurisprudential inquiry and lectures on the industrial-organizational psychology learning among studentd in the academic year 2018-2019
Seyedeh Asma HosseiniIntroduction: Today, there are many teaching methods. The question of which method is used for which lesson and at what time depends on the teacher's choice and his or her ability to implement it. In this study, we compared the effectiveness of the teaching method of ju MoreIntroduction: Today, there are many teaching methods. The question of which method is used for which lesson and at what time depends on the teacher's choice and his or her ability to implement it. In this study, we compared the effectiveness of the teaching method of jurisprudential inquiry and lectures on the learning of industrial-organizational psychology students.Materials and Methods: In the current study, a quasi-experimental method with a pre-test-post-test design, including two non-randomized groups, was used. The teaching method (jurisprudential inquiry and speeches) was studied as the independent variable, whilst the students' learning in the industrial-organizational psychology course was studied as the dependent variable. The population included all industrial psychology students, 64 of whom were selected using the convenience sampling method.Results: The results showed a significant difference between the performance of research groups (P> 0.001). Therefore, according to the mean scores of learning by the teaching method of jurisprudential inquiry, it can be claimed that the method of jurisprudential teaching was more effective in improving the learning of students in the course of industrial psychology than the lectures. Also, the analysis of Eta Squared shows that 26.5% of the variance of the dependent variable (learning industrial psychology course) is explained by the independent variable (teaching method). Manuscript profile -
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36 - Relationship between Resilience and Satisfaction of Relationship between Resilience and Satisfaction of Life
Javad Khalatbari Sona Bahari -
Open Access Article
37 - Comparison of the effectiveness of parenting education based on acceptance and commitment and parenting based on positive psychology on emotion regulation, resilience and mother-child relationship in mothers of children with attention deficit / hyperactivity disorder
Mahboobeh Banani Naser Amini Mahmood Borjali Moloud KeykhosravaniMothers of children with Attention Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder face significant challenges. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment-based parenting education and parenting based on positive psychology on emotion regulatio MoreMothers of children with Attention Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder face significant challenges. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment-based parenting education and parenting based on positive psychology on emotion regulation, resilience and mother-child relationship in the statistical population of mothers with children with disabilities. Attention / hyperactivity 8 to 12 years old boy in Tehran in 1399-1400 was a quasi-experimental research method with a pre-test-post-test design with 2 expriences group and one control group. By available sampling, 45 volunteer mothers were included in the study and randomly assigned to two experimental groups and one control group. The research instruments were the Graz and Roemer Emotion Difficulty Scale, the Conroy-Davidson Resilience Scale, and the Pianta Mother-Child Relationship Scale, which included parenting and commitment training based on Kevin and Morrell and Seligman's Positive Psychology training. To analyze the data, descriptive indices (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (multivariate analysis of covariance) were used in SPSS software version 22. The results showed that there was a significant difference between the parenting group based on acceptance and commitment, the parenting group based on positive psychology and the control group in the mean score of emotion regulation and mother-child relationship. But there was no significant difference in the mean resilience score, so counselors are advised to use the findings of the present study in line with clinical interventions to help better emotion regulation increase resilience and improve the quality of mother-child relationship in mothers of children with attention deficit / hyperactivity disorder. Manuscript profile -
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38 - Pathology of Political Culture in Iran after the Islamic Revolution
Majid r Nejat Poo Zahra Sadeghi Mohammad Youssefi JoybariProposing the issue of security, cultural stability and political stabilityis the most important and prominent figure and the innermost layer of thenation’s and the government’s need. Political and cultural strength andstability of each nation is the most fu MoreProposing the issue of security, cultural stability and political stabilityis the most important and prominent figure and the innermost layer of thenation’s and the government’s need. Political and cultural strength andstability of each nation is the most fundamental component of the authorityand talent of that nation in the context of development and excellence invarious economic, social and cultural spheres and also is the backwardnessin all areas of individual and social life of the community. In a macroapproach, the basis of the system is the component of the power of cultureand politics and also, the durability and consistency of each nation andsovereignty depends on the prosperity and cultural development and on theauthority and political prestige of them. Whenever the vulnerabilityreaches the two areas of culture and politics in society, other areas collapsein erosion and crisis and will provide a suitable platform for the developmentof all manifestations of affiliation, backwardness, social frauds and variousmaladministration in the country. In this research, the characteristics ofpolitical culture in Iran and the risks to Iran's political culture were studied.The present study is descriptive and analytical which was analyzedaccording to the characteristics of Iranian political culture. Given thenature and type of subject matter studied, data were collected in a varietyof ways and in general based on the library and internet methodology andthe analysis of the findings was mainly carried out using a qualitativeanalysis method. Manuscript profile -
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39 - رنگ و جلوههای روانشناختی و فراروانشناختی آن در هفت پیکر نظامی
حسین مسجدی افسانه بهرامیان -
Open Access Article
40 - Explaining the Impacts of Urban Elements on Behavioral Patterns (A Case Study of the District Two of Tehran’s Municipality)
Maryam Borumand Shirin Toghyani Hamin SaberiUrban spaces are representations of the citizens’ life quality based on environmental, cultural and social structures. One can come to a clear and general overview on this point by analyzing those structures as parts of the whole city or society. The study of urba MoreUrban spaces are representations of the citizens’ life quality based on environmental, cultural and social structures. One can come to a clear and general overview on this point by analyzing those structures as parts of the whole city or society. The study of urban spaces from this point of view has been neglected due to several reasons including the ease of understanding the physical and environmental aspects compared to the meaning and performance of the urban spaces. This study is a strategic-urban one with an applied method obtained from the results of descriptive-inferential and library-based studies based on which our model has been formed. The accuracy of hypothesis was investigated using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) especially Partial Least Square (PLS) method in Smart PLS and the SPSS software. In addition, bootstrapping, confirmatory factor analysis, Cross Validated Redundancy (CV red.), Cross Validated Communality (CV com.), t- value test, Stone-Geisser’s Q² value and GOF index were applied in the study. The results of the study indicated the significant levels of 3.403, 2.405 and 6.085 for meaning, function and form respectively with acceptable level (1.96) which show that the three components of form, function, and meaning always have a two-link relationship (dialectic) with each other, and it may be possible to set a set of discourses among them that can be defined in the form of a general structure. Thus, these components in combination can be effective in the formation and occurrence of behavioral patterns by guaranteeing human activities. Manuscript profile -
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41 - Analyzing the color and its enthusiasms in Azari Bayaties based on Max Luscher’s theory
Sakineh PirakIn modern psychology, colors are one of the main criteria to evaluate personality. Colors are a kind of quivering energy and visible sounds that leave special effects on the body and soul of each individual. They can be a rich and useful source for mental studies and an MoreIn modern psychology, colors are one of the main criteria to evaluate personality. Colors are a kind of quivering energy and visible sounds that leave special effects on the body and soul of each individual. They can be a rich and useful source for mental studies and analysis of spiritual and psychological characteristics of any ethnicity and population. While studying the aesthetic attributes of Azeri Bayatis, this article also studies and analyses the colors incorporated in them based on Max Lüscher’s eight practical color test, and some spiritual and psychological qualities of people in the region were studied through the works of anonymous poets of these songs. The research methodology was descriptive-analytic and the data collection method was library research. 3600 collections of Bayatis were used as the statistical population and in 226 of them different colors were used. Based on the findings of the research, the spectrum of the colors used in the Bayatis partially demonstrates the spiritual and psychological qualities of the people in the region in communicating their feelings, beliefs, sensibilities, happiness, failures and reflecting their individual and social living environment which was full of ups and downs. Villagers live in harsh mountain and subsistence conditions, but their way of life and strong spirits have made them hard-working, resilient, active, and strong individuals that have tended to improve their living conditions. Manuscript profile -
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42 - Personality Tests and Analysis of Donald Trump's Personality: Psycho-Political outlook
علی اشرف نظری Amir Mollai MozaffariDonald Trump is one of the political figures whose understanding of the nature of his thinking and behavior has attracted the attention of psychologists more than any previous president of the United States of America, because he shows high levels of mobility and excite MoreDonald Trump is one of the political figures whose understanding of the nature of his thinking and behavior has attracted the attention of psychologists more than any previous president of the United States of America, because he shows high levels of mobility and excitement. Thus, many psychologists have attempted in their numerous articles and interviews to analyze the behavior and words of Trump based on various personality tests. This article attempts to highlight the similarities and differences in the findings of the most reliable diagnoses and study the intellectual and psychological structure of Donald Trump. The main question here is concerned with the nature of Donald Trump’s character and how his behavior can be understood, analyzed and predicted. To this end, Trump’s character has been studied through the lenses of the Hare Psychopathy Checklist, DSM-4’s Narcissistic Personality Disorder, Millon Inventory of Diagnostic Criteria, The Big Five Model, and the six-dimensional HEXACO Model. Examining and evaluating the results of various psychological tests and analyzing Trump's personality can lead to a deeper understanding of political behaviors and actions and the possibility of predicting his actions during his term in the presidential office.. Manuscript profile -
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43 - تبیین الگویی از راه یابی در شهر با رویکرد روانشناسی محیطی(مطالعه موردی: 11 محور پیاده مدار شهر تهران)
شهرام جنگجو زهرا سادات سعیده زرآبادی یوسفعلی زیاری علیرضا بندرآباد -
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44 - .
zeynab bagheri Mohammadali Davood Abadi Alisarvar Yaghoobi -
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45 - .
سپیده سپهری -
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46 - .
Mahmood Mahdavi Damghani Alireza Sadeghi -
Open Access Article
47 - The study of Naser Khosrow’s ethical guidelines based on Maslow's hierarchy
Ahmad Amiri Khorasani Mohammad Reza Sarfi Mohammad Hossein Iran ManeshObserving ethical guidelines is sometimes in contrast with immediate pleasures and people’s personal interests; it weakens adherence to these guidelines. This research was carried out to seek a solution used by Naser Khosrow, for his advice, to solve this problem. MoreObserving ethical guidelines is sometimes in contrast with immediate pleasures and people’s personal interests; it weakens adherence to these guidelines. This research was carried out to seek a solution used by Naser Khosrow, for his advice, to solve this problem. What was found out was that by expressing ethical performance in meeting human needs, he created necessary executive guarantee for ethical recall. This idea has made transcendental morality more terrestrial and applicable and has created a strong incentive to move towards it. His method will be effective and efficient forever, because of inseparable links of morality and man`s innate needs. This library research was carried out by taking notes of different evidence from Naser Khosrow Diwan and by classifying them based on “Maslow's hierarchy”, which is one of the most famous and applicable theories in psychology. This research proved the above issue and revealed logic, reasoning, and impact of his poetry in this regard. Manuscript profile -
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48 - Recognizing the Behaviors of the Sālek in Musibat-Nāmeh of Attār; Based on Max Lüscher's Psychology of Colors
Fereshteh NāsseriThe poems of a poet reflect his/her various moods, so the colors used in his/her poems can lead the way in identifying the reactions and behaviors of the poet. The visionary experience of poet-mystics which is based on a symbolic language can be better expressed by MoreThe poems of a poet reflect his/her various moods, so the colors used in his/her poems can lead the way in identifying the reactions and behaviors of the poet. The visionary experience of poet-mystics which is based on a symbolic language can be better expressed by using colors and its related terms. By using descriptive-analytical method and based on the Max Lüscher's psychology of colors, the present article attempts to re-read Musibat-Nāmeh, written by Attār of Nishapur. The results show that categorization of colors in Musibat-Nāmeh, from left to right, is as follows in order of preference: (7+3+4×2×1=5=0-6-). According to Lüscher, such prioritization by the sālek (the holy traveler) implies that he/she suffers from separation from the Divine world (7+3+); but he/she hopes to achieve a better situation and to overcome many of the limitations of the material world (4×2×). In this way, he/she doesn't find any tranquilizing environment and hides his/her thoughts from strangers and shares them with close people (1=5=). According to Musibat-Nāmeh, the sālek looks for an opportunity to improve his/her spiritual states by purification of the soul. By this way, he/she can obtain his/her pervious dignity in the Divine world (0-6- ). Manuscript profile -
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49 - Taboo-Breaking in the Story of Sheikh Sanān; An Analysis Based on Jung's Theory
Mohammad Ahi Elyas GhaderiTaboo (meaning prohibited and forbidden) refers to things that have limits and follow certain rules and should not be broken under any circumstances, and if they are broken, the person and her/his relatives will suffer negative and harmful consequences. The present stud MoreTaboo (meaning prohibited and forbidden) refers to things that have limits and follow certain rules and should not be broken under any circumstances, and if they are broken, the person and her/his relatives will suffer negative and harmful consequences. The present study, by using analytic-descriptive method and library sources, examines the examples of taboo-breaking in the story of Sheikh Sanān from the mystical book of Attār of Nishapur, Mantiq-ut-Tayr. In the article, the taboos are divided into two categories: Islamic and Christian taboos, and each of them has been analyzed according to the relevant religion. The main question is, given the character of Sheikh Sanān, why are taboos broken? The answer of the question is given based on the psychology of Jung and according to the principles of Islam and Christianity. Carl Gustav Jung believes that the incompatible and negative features are the result of the function of the shadow archetype. Therefore, the reason for breaking the taboos by the protagonists - Sheikh Sanān and the Christian girl - is the result of the action of the shadow archetype. Manuscript profile -
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50 - Examples of Theory of Well-being in Hafez's Ghazals Based on Seligman's Positive Psychology
maryam Safari Mohammad Ali Gozashti shirin kooshki Ashraf ShibaniaghdamMartin Seligman's theory of well-being focuses on positive emotion, engagement, relationship, meaning, and achievement (PERMA) to assess prosperity. The six virtues of wisdom/knowledge, courage, humanity, justice, temperance, and transcendence and twenty-four chara MoreMartin Seligman's theory of well-being focuses on positive emotion, engagement, relationship, meaning, and achievement (PERMA) to assess prosperity. The six virtues of wisdom/knowledge, courage, humanity, justice, temperance, and transcendence and twenty-four character strengths form its foundation. The aim of the current research is to study comparatively the indicators of Seligman's well-being theory in Hafez's ghazals using analytical-descriptive method. The research findings indicate that both literary and mystical works and positive psychology share common goals. These goals include finding satisfaction from the past, harboring hope for the future, and obtaining happiness in the present, all with the aim of personal growth and flourishing. Hafez's worldview, influenced by the conditions of his time, emphasizes the significance of happiness and love as essential elements in healing humanity. Consequently, his message transcends time and location, remaining relevant across different eras. Throughout Hafez's ghazals, the elements of Seligman's well-being theory manifest themselves, further emphasizing their compatibility. This interdisciplinary research provides a platform for comparing Hafez's and Seligman's perspectives on happiness. Manuscript profile -
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51 - Character Typology of Birds in Mantiq-ut-Tayr of Attār
majid bahrevar mohammad nikdar asl farzane mohamadiAttār of Nishapur, as a physician, mystic and poet it is not improbable for him to present an eastern view about character growth and mental health of men stemming from his outer experiences and mystic journeys. The aim of present research is to expound the literal and MoreAttār of Nishapur, as a physician, mystic and poet it is not improbable for him to present an eastern view about character growth and mental health of men stemming from his outer experiences and mystic journeys. The aim of present research is to expound the literal and mystical comments of Attār concerning extrovert and introvert personality types based on the ideas of Jung and his followers. Attār uses mystical experience to cure the mental abnormalities of people in his confused society based on capacity of individuals and social groups, and in this way, he explains the perfectibility of men and the personal obstacles and attributes of them. Attār exposes the archetype of perfection and mental health by putting away shadow and anima, and puts the spiritual individualization aside from common masks. Finally, extrovert and introvert characters of individuals are dissolved in mythic-archetypical plots and epistemic experiences. Manuscript profile -
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52 - Esfandiyār: The Open and the Closed Eyes
سعید گنج بخش زمانی The story of Rostam and Esfandiyār is one of the most moving tragedies in Ferdowsi’s epic Shāhnāmeh. In this story, we have three main characters: Rostam as a superman; Esfandiyār, an invulnerable hero who is simple-minded; and Goshtāsp who fears either hi More The story of Rostam and Esfandiyār is one of the most moving tragedies in Ferdowsi’s epic Shāhnāmeh. In this story, we have three main characters: Rostam as a superman; Esfandiyār, an invulnerable hero who is simple-minded; and Goshtāsp who fears either his son (Esfandiyār) or his enemies might dethrone him. This article tries to analyze these mythological characters from philosophical and psychological points of view. Manuscript profile -
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53 - Awareness of Death in the Story of Mattie and Grandpa
Narges Bāgheri Sharooz HamidiMattie and Grandpa, by Roberto Piumini, is a symbolic story for children with theme of death. When the main character of the story (Mattie) confronts with his grandpa's death, he begins a ritual journey in order to gain awareness of mysteries of death. In the journey, h MoreMattie and Grandpa, by Roberto Piumini, is a symbolic story for children with theme of death. When the main character of the story (Mattie) confronts with his grandpa's death, he begins a ritual journey in order to gain awareness of mysteries of death. In the journey, he finds his individuality, strengthens himself and discovers the rebirth. Based on analytical psychology and archetypal criticism, the present article tries to study his journey. In an emotional space, the symbolic system of the story uses symbols as psychic and dynamic energy with effective materials and child-like imagination. Decoding of the symbols shows that Mattie is a symbol of a hero, the grandpa as the wise old man, river represents life, and the left side of river as unconscious; where discovering the mystery of death means to be the goal the journey. The journey is done in a full day and this is supposed to be the symbol of perfection and perfect cycle. Manuscript profile -
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54 - The Dreams of Shāhnāmeh: A Psychological Approach
خیرا... محمودی مهرنوش دژم Dreaming is a wonderful phenomenon and there have been various theories about it. Our predecessors didn't think of dreaming as is a mere ly a psychological phenomenon;, they and believed while in dreaming the soul abandons the his body temporarily and exper More Dreaming is a wonderful phenomenon and there have been various theories about it. Our predecessors didn't think of dreaming as is a mere ly a psychological phenomenon;, they and believed while in dreaming the soul abandons the his body temporarily and experiences the realities. But in the modern age, the psychologists analyze dreaming based on scientific methods. The present research, based on employing a psychological approach, investigates the mythical dreams in Shāhnāmeh. Manuscript profile -
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55 - The Mediating Role of Life Management Strategies in the Relationship Between Generativity- Stagnation and Subjective Well-Being in Middle age
bahareh amiri khodamorad momeni kamran yazdanbakhshThe purpose of this study was to identify the mediating role of life management strategies in the relationship between generativity-stagnation with subjective well-being in the middle age period. The research framework was correlation type and the statistical population MoreThe purpose of this study was to identify the mediating role of life management strategies in the relationship between generativity-stagnation with subjective well-being in the middle age period. The research framework was correlation type and the statistical population of the research consisted of all middle-aged citizens of Kermanshah 200 individuals (127 men and 73 women) were selected by voluntary sampling method and responded to four instruments of subjective well-being (Keyes, Shmotkin & Ryff, 2002), Loyola generativity scale) McAdams & de St Aubin, 1992), stagnation scale (Bradley,1997), and life management Strategies scale (Baltes et al.,1999). For data analysis, we used path analysis. The results showed generativity- stagnation has a relationship with subjective well-being through life management strategies. those creators who use life management strategies will enjoy more subjective well-being in middle age. Also, people who experience stagnation in middle age use less management strategies, which reduces subjective well-being. As a result, considering the importance of subjective well-being in the middle-aged, psychologists can take a step towards increasing the quality of this period by relying on the two variables of generativist- stagnation and life management strategies and trying to improve and modify them in the middle-aged and performing interventions and treatments in the society Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
56 - Perfectionism and Competitive Anxiety in Athletes
Mohammad Ali Besharat Seyedeh Asma Hoseinin order to explain different aspects of competitive anxiety including cognitive anxiety, somatic anxiety, and self-confidence as related to dimensions of perfectionism including striving for perfection (positive perfectionism) and negative reaction to imperfection (nega Moren order to explain different aspects of competitive anxiety including cognitive anxiety, somatic anxiety, and self-confidence as related to dimensions of perfectionism including striving for perfection (positive perfectionism) and negative reaction to imperfection (negative perfectionism), 173 volunteer athletes (115 males, 58 females) from different Iranian sport federations participated in the current study and completed the Competitive Perfectionism Scale (Besharat, 2009a) and the Multidimensional Competitive Anxiety Questionnaire (Besharat, 2009b). The results revealed that 1) striving for perfection (positive perfectionism) was negatively associated with cognitive and somatic anxiety, and positively associated with self-confidence, 2) negative reaction to imperfection (negative perfectionism) was positively associated with cognitive and somatic anxiety and negatively associated with self-confidence, and 3) dimensions of perfectionism can predict changes related to athletes' competitive anxiety. Moreover, striving for perfection decreased competitive anxiety and increased self-confidence through reinforcing personal feelings of competence, control and management of competitive conditions and concentration while performing sport skills and techniques. Conversely, negative reaction to imperfection, increased competitive anxiety and decreased self-confidence by weakening personal feelings of competence, control and management of competitive conditions and disturbing concentration while performing sport skills and techniques Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
57 - Color psychology and vehicle perference
Sedigh Raissi Mehrdad Javadi Nilofar NikghadamColor, as an important quality of objects, can alter individuals’ emotions and influence automobile selection and sales. A review of previous research literature indicates that color affects human life unconsciously and through cultural factors. This study compare MoreColor, as an important quality of objects, can alter individuals’ emotions and influence automobile selection and sales. A review of previous research literature indicates that color affects human life unconsciously and through cultural factors. This study compared that ratios of vehicle colors manufactured in United States in 2005 and 2006 with similar vehicles at Iran-Khodro in the same period. Results showed that although silver is the most manufactured vehicle color in both countries, its production ratio is significantly higher in Iran. More blue, black, red and beige vehicles were manufactured in the U. S. A than in Iran While Iran manufactured more green and grey vehicles than the U. S. A. The results are discussed based on cultural and psychological differences plus economic limitations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
58 - The role of sport and personality traits in psychosocial development of students
Negin Naseri Tafti Shahla Pakdaman Ali AsgariIn this study, a sample of 377 female undergraduate students (188 non-athletes and 189 athletes) completed the Measures of psychosocial development questionnaire (Hawley, 1988) and Five Factor Inventory (Costa & McCrae, 1992). The Results showed that : a) the levels MoreIn this study, a sample of 377 female undergraduate students (188 non-athletes and 189 athletes) completed the Measures of psychosocial development questionnaire (Hawley, 1988) and Five Factor Inventory (Costa & McCrae, 1992). The Results showed that : a) the levels of personality components, except for neuroticism, were higher in athletes than in non-athletes; b) athletes were more psychosocially developed than non-athletes; c) the psychosocial development was correlated positively with extroversion, openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness, and negatively with neuroticism; d) athletes with high neuronticism, agreeableness, and conscientiousness, were more psychosocially developed than non-athletes but extrovertted non-athletes were more psychosocially developed than introverted athletes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
59 - Websites for Psychological Research
Jamileh Kalantari Khandani -
Open Access Article
60 - Content analysis of iranian psychological journals:research topics and methods
Behrouz Mahram Effat Tavanaee ShahroudiThis study aimed the content analysis of academic articles in psychology journals. Three hundred seventeen articles of seven scientific Iranian journals published in 2005-2007 were given randomly to 6 psychology researchers to content analysis regarding their topics and MoreThis study aimed the content analysis of academic articles in psychology journals. Three hundred seventeen articles of seven scientific Iranian journals published in 2005-2007 were given randomly to 6 psychology researchers to content analysis regarding their topics and research methods. Another researcher reanalyzed 20% of the target articles randomly (interrater correlation coefficient = 0.85). Findings demonstrated that the areas of health, developmental, educational, clinical, and counseling psychology were the most frequent subjects. The most common designs were test standardization, correlational, causal-models, experimental and quasi-experimental studies. No articles about sport psychology or any articles based on qualitative methods were found. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
61 - The mediating role of causal attributions on the relationship between perfectionism and academic well-being among gifted adolescents
Mojtaba Malek Jafarian Omid Shokri Masoud SharifiThis study examined the mediating effect of causal attributions on the relationship between positive and negative perfectionism and academic well-being among male and female gifted students. In this correlational study, 352 gifted students (152 male and 200 female) resp MoreThis study examined the mediating effect of causal attributions on the relationship between positive and negative perfectionism and academic well-being among male and female gifted students. In this correlational study, 352 gifted students (152 male and 200 female) responded to the Multidimensional Perfectionism Cognitions Inventory (MPCI), the Attributional Style Questionnaire (ASQ), the School Engagement Inventory (SEI) and the School Burnout Inventory (SBI). Multi-group structural equation modeling was used to assess causal attributions on the relationship between positive and negative perfectionism and academic well-being among male and female gifted students. Results indicated that for total sampel and for male and female gifted students, the partially mediated model of positive and negative causal attributions on the relationship between positive and negative perfectionism and academic well-being had good fit to data. The results of the group specificity of structural relations showed that the relationship between perfectionism, causal attributins and academic well-being were equivalent for both groups. Furthermore, all of the regression weights in the hypothesized model were statistically significant and model' predictors accounted for 41% and 32% of the variance in academic engagement and academic burnout, respectively. In sum, these findings show that the positive and negative perfectionism affect academic well-being of male and femle gifted students through affecting on adaptive and nonadaptive causal attributions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
62 - Investigating the excitement of anger and managing it in as Dehkhoda’s Amsalohkam
simin khiri khavar ghorbani nasrin chirThis study, Based on the theoretical foundations of the emotion of anger in psychology examines it in the proverbs of Dehkhoda. To achieve this goal, he used the method of "inferential content analysis" and, sample of research is a four-volume book such as Dehkhoda&rsqu MoreThis study, Based on the theoretical foundations of the emotion of anger in psychology examines it in the proverbs of Dehkhoda. To achieve this goal, he used the method of "inferential content analysis" and, sample of research is a four-volume book such as Dehkhoda’s Amsalohkam The first, research data are described in the three discussions of manifestation of anger, reasons, and ways to control it in the above work. Then, Examining the content of parables shows the comprehensiveness of the discussion of anger in comparison with its topics in psychology, and the study of literary language shows that language serves the content and at the same time seeks to explain the subject of anger and its management strategies.Keywords: proverbs, Dehkhoda, Psychology, Excitement, Anger.This study, Based on the theoretical foundations of the emotion of anger in psychology examines it in the proverbs of Dehkhoda. To achieve this goal, he used the method of "inferential content analysis" and, sample of research is a four-volume book such as Dehkhoda’s Amsalohkam The first, research data are described in the three discussions of manifestation of anger, reasons, and ways to control it in the above work. Then, Examining the content of parables shows the comprehensiveness of the discussion of anger in comparison with its topics in psychology, and the study of literary language shows that language serves the content and at the same time seeks to explain the subject of anger and its management strategies.Keywords: proverbs, Dehkhoda, Psychology, Excitement, Anger.Psychology, Excitement, Anger. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
63 - Epistemological and psychological poverty in Pavlov’s perspective and Behaviorism
Azizallah SalariThe theory of Pavlov and Behaviorism has been considered as one of the learning and training methods- specifically in educational psychology- and can be used in educational systems. This school is criticized, for it reduced the human behavior and thoughts in its analysi MoreThe theory of Pavlov and Behaviorism has been considered as one of the learning and training methods- specifically in educational psychology- and can be used in educational systems. This school is criticized, for it reduced the human behavior and thoughts in its analysis to stimuli, reflections, environment and the physiological process. This is why, this trend and its principles which are taken from positivism, materialism, Darwinism and Descartes’s doctrines have been criticized. We are not against this theory as a specific technique; the disputable point is physiological, epistemological, psychological and anthropological approaches which have been concluded by them, with the worldview and epistemology that insist on eliminating psychology, spirituality, moral values and scared human beliefs as well which lead to the material interpretations. The lack of authenticity and independent thought and knowledge, the lack of self- knowledge, art, the conflict with rational facts, environmental and physiological determinism, denial of psychic phenomena, also disbelief in morality and values are some serious critics on conditional psychology. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
64 - .The role of Erdoğan's personality in the political development of Türkiye
Javad Bakhshi Alamuti Seyed Asadollah Athary Kayhan Barzegar nafise ghaderiPolitical development in 21st century Turkey is linked with the formation of the Justice and Development Party in 2002 and Erdogan's prime ministership in 2003. Through the lens of Erdogan's political psychology, we come to the conclusion that he initially wan MorePolitical development in 21st century Turkey is linked with the formation of the Justice and Development Party in 2002 and Erdogan's prime ministership in 2003. Through the lens of Erdogan's political psychology, we come to the conclusion that he initially wanted to create a platform for political development, which continued with the events of the years after 2011 and especially 2016, but this path was slowed down but not stopped. until before that; The Republic of Turkey witnessed some ups and downs in adapting the social structure to the institution of power, but Erdogan was able to cover this gap. Erdoğan's personality and psychological characteristics have played a direct role in his leadership style, which can be examined from the perspective of political psychology paradigms. Contrary to some criticisms, Erdoğan has not only created a political blockade in Turkey, but has also forced various currents to take political action to confront him. In this article, Edward Shils' theory of supported democracy is used, which overlaps with Erdogan's category of political psychology. So; The role of the government in the political development process of Turkey in the era of justice and development will be examined and analyzed according to Erdogan's political psychology. This research follows a descriptive-analytical method. Using this method, we seek to analyze the indicators of political development according to Shiles in the Ak Party discourse and Erdogan's political behavior. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
65 - هکارهایی جهت ارتقاء کیفیت اثر متقابل انسان و محیط بر یکدیگر با رویکرد روان شناسی محیطی
محمدرضا نصیرسلامی سارا سوهانگیر -
Open Access Article
66 - A Study on Evaluating the Effectiveness of Teaching Positive Psychology Concepts to Students on Their Achievement Motivation and Quality of Life
Simin Jafari Saeed Jahanian Elmira Panahi parchinThe purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of teaching the concepts of positive psychology to students on their achievement motivation and the quality of life. The statistical population included the postgraduate students of the second semester of 1398- MoreThe purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of teaching the concepts of positive psychology to students on their achievement motivation and the quality of life. The statistical population included the postgraduate students of the second semester of 1398- 99 (2019 -2020) academic year of Islamic Azad University, South Tehran Branch. The sample group included 30 students selected by available sampling method. They were randomly divided into experimental (15) and control (15) groups. This quasi – experimental research included a pretest and a post test with a control group. The research tools included the Shiner and Seligman Protocol, Bahawu Bahareh motivation test and The Quality of Life Test of the World Health Organization. The experimental group received Shiner (2008) 90 minutes’ positive psychology training sessions for six weeks in weekly sessions. The collected data were analyzed by analysis of covariance. Research findings showed that there is a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in motivation for progress and quality of life. In other words, students who participated in the training sessions (the experimental group) demonstrate a meaningful increase in the scores achievement motivation and the quality of life tests than the control group. Therefore, the hypothesis was confirmed i.e. teaching the concepts of positive psychology has a positive and significant effect on students’ achievement motivation and quality of life. Therefore, it can be acknowledged that motivation has a fundamental role on the formation of personality, mental health and achievement of the students. So, students like all human beings need motivation to progress. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
67 - علل و انگیزه اعتراض در مثنوی مولانا بر اساس روانشناسی اعتراض مانوئل اسمیت
کلثوم طبخ کار حسن کیاده محسن ایزدیار شاهرخ حکمت -
Open Access Article
68 - Psychoanalytical Criticism on the Propounded Features in the Bayhaghi History based on the new Psychological Schools of Freud, Rogers, Maslow, and Adler
Sara Mohammadi Arash MoshfaghiAbstract Bayhaghi's history is of the valuable and profitable works which its writer has used his whole craft to create a lasting source. Contracting ideas and thoughts of various characters have been used in it. Abulfazl Bayh MoreAbstract Bayhaghi's history is of the valuable and profitable works which its writer has used his whole craft to create a lasting source. Contracting ideas and thoughts of various characters have been used in it. Abulfazl Bayhaghi was a savant and sharp-witted man who had the acts and behaviors of the politicians under his scrutiny vision. Psychoanalytical criticism of literary texts is a new scientific approach among the literary and artistic works. The Bayhaghi history, with having different players who work with harmony, make possible this criticism and studying for this research which are beneficial in psychology of the characters in Bayhaghi's era in the period of the Ghaznawid's dominance by utilizing the modern psychologic science theories and the ideas of great people like Freud, Adler, Rogers, ans Maslow to find out the reason of some events and inefficiencies which led to the decline of the Ghaznavid kingdom. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
69 - Criminal psychology and the components of political crime in Iran (a comparative study of the first Pahlavi era and the Islamic Republic)
zohrabi eslam mohammad khani haniye ghorunehThe main goal of criminal psychology is to investigate the effective factors in the delinquency of criminals in various crimes. In relation to why a series of acts should be criminalized under the title of political crimes and receive a different executive guarantee res MoreThe main goal of criminal psychology is to investigate the effective factors in the delinquency of criminals in various crimes. In relation to why a series of acts should be criminalized under the title of political crimes and receive a different executive guarantee response, reasons have been mentioned by jurists, firstly, that these crimes lack the necessary elements of ordinary crimes such as malice and violence. Second, the subject and purpose of political crimes is to change a certain political situation with illegal means, and thirdly, since the purpose of the perpetrator is the government and political institutions, there is no violation of private rights. In the constitutional law, as the first codified text in the direction of establishing democracy and legislation, and in fact, the basis of the new political and legal system of Iran, it has also made it a political crime in its seventy-ninth amendment article. According to this article, in the cases of political and press offenses, the panel of judges will be present in the courts. Of course, from that time until now, the definition and examples of political crimes in Iran's legal system have been undecided. In the current laws of Iran, due to the lack of a specific and appropriate law in this field, in 2015, a law titled the Political Crime Law was approved by the legislature, based on the existing provisions, the judicial system can be based on the specific law of political crime. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
70 - ض
امید شکری سمانه عباس زاده -
Open Access Article
71 - The qualitative analysis of the managerial behavior consequences in Iran's higher education system
mohammadali kalantari sarcheshmeh jalil baharestan mohammadali nadiThe present study is accomplished with the aim of identification of the managerial behavior consequences in Iran's higher education system, in qualitative type and in grounded theory method- Strauss and Corbin's objectivist approach by appling paradigmatic logic. By usi MoreThe present study is accomplished with the aim of identification of the managerial behavior consequences in Iran's higher education system, in qualitative type and in grounded theory method- Strauss and Corbin's objectivist approach by appling paradigmatic logic. By using theoretical sampling method, 38 participating people in the study who were expert in relation with the subject of the study were selected include deans and vice presidents of the universities of the country, including state universities, Open universities, Payam-e Nour, teacher training and non-profit universities who are considered as experts in relevant fields of study. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews and the state of theoretical saturation was achieved. Data analysis was basically founded on three methods of open coding, axial coding and selective coding. The data obtained by semi-structured interviews were analyzed at the first place and some partial concepts were extracted. 32 general concepts were formed using those partial concepts; and 4 sub-categories were constructed out of main concepts. All the partial concepts, main concepts and sub-categories were reviewed and their relations with the main categories of the managerial behavior consequences in Iran's higher education system, were identified. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
72 - The myth of father and son in the novel the dead father and the tale of Rostam and Sohrab from Freud’s psychological approach
Ahmad Reza Sarmady Amir Ali NojoumianThe purpose of this article is to study the myth of father and son from Freud’s point of view in the novel of the dead father written by Donald Barthelme and its comparison with the tale of Rostam and Sohrab in Shahnameh. To reach this end, Freud’s app MoreThe purpose of this article is to study the myth of father and son from Freud’s point of view in the novel of the dead father written by Donald Barthelme and its comparison with the tale of Rostam and Sohrab in Shahnameh. To reach this end, Freud’s approach regarding Oedipus Complex in analysis of the relationship between father and son in two stories been used. This relationship is formed in the heart of family overtly portrayed in Barthelme’s novel. First Donald Barthelme is introduced, then Oedipus Complex from Freud’s point of view is discussed in order to provide the theoretical basis for the research. Next, this concept in the novel of the dead father, and the tale of Rostam and Sohrab is presented and finally both works from Freud’s psychological approach are studied. The aim is to focus on the myth of father and the son applying Freud’s psychological approach to portray the nature of this myth based on the text of the novel and Shahnameh. The method of research is a descriptive analytic one and the method of study makes use of library approach. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
73 - The psychological treatment of Zahhak’s character in Shahnameh
Sepideh YazdanpanahIn shahnameh numerous folktales can be found with profound mythical bases. Zahhak’s story is then an outstanding example of a mythical fiction. Zahhak with his dark and vicious soul is a monster in Persian mythology. In this article an effort has MoreIn shahnameh numerous folktales can be found with profound mythical bases. Zahhak’s story is then an outstanding example of a mythical fiction. Zahhak with his dark and vicious soul is a monster in Persian mythology. In this article an effort has been made to examine the story and its characters from the psychological perspective based on the theories of Freud and Jung. Emphasis has been put on such terms as Totem, and Taboo, Key words in Freud’s theory. Since both the psychological and the mythological criticisms are closely related, in applying the Oedipus complex, rooted in the collective unconscious, and one of the main theories of Jung, the author aims to penetrate into the dark recesses of Zahhak’s character in order to explain his actions, reactions, tensions, and his psychological conflicts to reveal his true identity and dark soul. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
74 - Analyzing the mediating Role of the Interpersonal Model of Suicide (perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness) in relation between Mattering and Suicide
Ahmadreza Kiani Chelmardi Sajjad Rashid Yasaman JamshidianSuicidal behavior is a major problem worldwide and at the same time has received relatively little empirical attention. Interpersonal Psychological Theory believed that suicidalityy is caused by two risk factors of thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness. Th MoreSuicidal behavior is a major problem worldwide and at the same time has received relatively little empirical attention. Interpersonal Psychological Theory believed that suicidalityy is caused by two risk factors of thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness. The aim of this research was to Analyze the mediating Role of the Interpersonal Model of Suicide (perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness) in relation between Mattering and Suicide in students. For this reason, through descriptive Research in the form of correlation and Structural Equation Model, 333 students of the University of Mohaghegh Ardabili selected by available sampling and Measured in regard to Interpersonal Needs, Mattering, and Suicidal Behavior. Correlation results showed that mattering has a direct correlation with interpersonal needs variable and also Suicide. Interpersonal needs have a direct correlation with Suicide. Indirect relations showed that mattering was correlated with suicide with mediating interpersonal needs. With regard to these findings, we can conclude that the joiner Interpersonal Theory of Suicide has a good fitness for predicting suicide, and Mattering variable can help us in predicting suicide within the scope of this theory and finally we can use it for preventing suicide. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
75 - Negative and positive effects of psychotherapy profession on life and family and social relationships Clinical psychologists, counselors and psychiatrists
reza khakhpourWorking with people with mental health problems also affects psychotherapists and their families, and brings stress and rewards, and affects their lives and family and social relationships. The aim of this study was to study the effects of counseling and psychotherapy o MoreWorking with people with mental health problems also affects psychotherapists and their families, and brings stress and rewards, and affects their lives and family and social relationships. The aim of this study was to study the effects of counseling and psychotherapy on the family and social life of psychotherapists. For this purpose, in a descriptive research of purposeful review and analytical studies, computer awareness databases including Medline and Psychinfo for English sources and SED for Persian sources were conducted. The results of numerous studies show that many clinical psychologists, counseling psychologists and psychiatrists experience negative and positive effects in relation to their family members and in their family and social relationships. The study of the effects of psychotherapy on clinical professionals and their families is a broad and populist issue and leads to the question of what criteria should be considered in the home and their family and social life to positive effects of the profession on clinicians and their families. Strengthen and minimize its negative effects. In this article, these related criteria are discussed and analyzed and suggestions are made. Manuscript profile
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