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دسترسی آزاد مقاله
1 - Novel Aspect of Composite Sandwich Fairing Structure Optimization of a Two Stages Launch Vehicle by Using MDO Independent Subspace Approach
Foozie Morovat Jafar Roshanian Ali Mozaffari Hadi ZaareIn this paper, a novel composite sandwich structure analysis of Launch Vehicle (LV) fairing is considered and proposed by a new Multidisciplinary Design Optimization (MDO) for a two-stage launch vehicle. Accordingly, “Multidisciplinary Design Optimization based on چکیده کاملIn this paper, a novel composite sandwich structure analysis of Launch Vehicle (LV) fairing is considered and proposed by a new Multidisciplinary Design Optimization (MDO) for a two-stage launch vehicle. Accordingly, “Multidisciplinary Design Optimization based on Independent Subspaces” (MDOIS) is employed using the “Fixed Point Iteration” (FPI) method to achieve the best convergence at system level (SL) to segregate the disciplines. Therefore, two proposed subspaces overcome difficulties of common mentioned MDO of LVs. Hence, the first subspace is a MDO which includes propulsion, aerodynamics, weight and trajectory disciplines and the second one, includes the novel composite fairing structure optimization as the other single discipline optimization that considered as a compact problem analytically and numerically and it is one of the novelties of this work. By considering variables as propulsion, trajectory and also composite sandwich fairing structure design regarding to the variables of designing and the performing optimization process, the fairing mass has been reduced more and considerable with respect to the common two stages LVs. In addition, due to the global optimization of LVs this weight reduction caused in reduction of the total gross weight of LVs. This system engineering proves the high sufficiency of MDO in complicated designing and it can be a roadmap for the future space vehicles designers especially who want to consider the composite structure optimization in LVs. پرونده مقاله -
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2 - Numerical and Experimental Static Bending Analysis of Composite Sandwich Panels with Grid-Stiffened Cores Before and After Transverse Impact Loading
Ali Asghar Davoodabadi Ali Davar Mohsen Heydari Beni Jafar Eskandari JamNowadays grid structures are considered as one of the most useful composites because of their various applications. Since grid structures are vulnerable to impact loads, they should be investigated under such loadings. The present paper studies the low-velocity impact l چکیده کاملNowadays grid structures are considered as one of the most useful composites because of their various applications. Since grid structures are vulnerable to impact loads, they should be investigated under such loadings. The present paper studies the low-velocity impact loading of sandwich panels with grid-stiffened cores using both experimental and numerical simulations. In addition to the impact behaviour and the resultant damage of the sandwich panels, the behaviour of these structures under three-point bending was studied before and after the impact loading. The results were provided for impact and bending loadings separately. Then the effect of impact loadings on bending strength was investigated and it was found that the impact loading decreases the bending strength. A consistency between numerical and experimental results was also observed, which confirms the applicability of the Finite Element Method (FEM) in simulating the behaviour of such structures under impact and bending loads, while saving lots of time, efforts and costs. پرونده مقاله -
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3 - Behavior of Lightweight Smart Sandwich Panels Subjected to Tensile and Bending Loads- An Experimental Study
sameera Khalili s. Mohammad Khalili Reza Eslami Farsani Puneet MahajanIn this research work, sandwich composite panels made by fiber metal laminate (FML) as the facesheets and polymer foams as the core material are investigated in tensile and bending loads. To change or enhance the behaviour of sandwich panels in tensile and bending loads چکیده کاملIn this research work, sandwich composite panels made by fiber metal laminate (FML) as the facesheets and polymer foams as the core material are investigated in tensile and bending loads. To change or enhance the behaviour of sandwich panels in tensile and bending loads, shape memory alloy wires with pseudoelastic behaviour are also embedded in between FML layers in facesheets. The shape memory wires are also pre-strained in the FML facesheets of sandwich panels. To study the tensile and flexural properties of sandwich panels with smart FML facesheets three types of sandwich panels are considered and made including panels without shape memory alloy wire, panels with shape memory wires with 0% tensile pre-strain, and panels with shape memory wires with 5% tensile pre-strain for the same cross section. By placing SMA wires in the FML, the strength and stiffness of the smart sandwich specimens are increased significantly in tensile and bending loads. However, the effect of pre-straining the SMA wires is more predominant on stiffness of the specimens. The tensile and flexural toughness or energy absorption is much higher in case of the specimen with 5% pre-strained SMA wires. At the expenses of adding the SMA wires in the sandwich structures, the densities of various specimens are changed by nearly 1% to 5% for various specimens, but a significant increase in mechanical properties such as the strength and particularly the stiffness and toughness were achieved by the present lightweight smart sandwich structures. پرونده مقاله -
دسترسی آزاد مقاله
4 - Active Control of Sandwich Microbeams Vibration with FGM and Viscoelastic/ER Core
Amir Hossein Yousefi farhad kiani Esmaeil AbediThis study is devoted to analyse of free and forced vibrations and semi-active control vibrations of sandwich microbeam with Functionally Graded Materials (FGM) and viscoelastic/electrorheological (ER) core. The intended model is for top and bottom layers of functionall چکیده کاملThis study is devoted to analyse of free and forced vibrations and semi-active control vibrations of sandwich microbeam with Functionally Graded Materials (FGM) and viscoelastic/electrorheological (ER) core. The intended model is for top and bottom layers of functionally graded materials with power law and a core model for Viscoelastic materials with complex shear modulus. Hamilton principle is used to determine the governing Equations of motion on the sandwich microbeam based on the modified couple stress theory. Mesh less method of Radial Basis Functions (RBF) is used to calculate natural frequency and the loss factor. All the effects of length scale parameter, shear modulus and changes due to variation of the electric field on the natural frequency and loss factor have been drawn. Combination of RBF method and forward difference led to evaluation of forced vibration and deflection of microbeam for length scale parameters and different electric fields under the dynamic load have been calculated and drawn. The feedback effects are analyzed for vibration amplitudes of sandwich microbeam by using Linear Quadratic Gaussian (LQG) and optimal control method. At the end, the results are compared with papers for different viscoelastic models such as Kelvin model, Bingham plastic model and complex modulus. پرونده مقاله -
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5 - Finite Element Analysis of the Impact Behavior of Sandwich Panels with Nanocomposite Face sheet (Epoxy/ Fiberglass/Nanosilica)
Arash Azadi Mahdi Karami Khorramabadi Maziar Mahdipour JalilianIn this research, the impact behavior of nanocomposite sandwich panels with epoxy/fiberglass/nanosilica face sheet were assessed by the finite element method. In the first step, the mechanical properties of the nanoparticle-containing composite should be obtained. A uni چکیده کاملIn this research, the impact behavior of nanocomposite sandwich panels with epoxy/fiberglass/nanosilica face sheet were assessed by the finite element method. In the first step, the mechanical properties of the nanoparticle-containing composite should be obtained. A unit cell of fabric was designed in Catia software and placed within the designed polymeric matrix. The mechanical properties of this unit cell were defined as a new matrix and the nanoparticles were randomly dispersed in the new matrix using a Python code. The elastic properties of the modeled nanocomposite were obtained using Abaqus software via applying periodic boundary conditions based on the mean volumetric stress. In the next step, the sandwich structure was subjected to impact loads at various speeds and contact force-time diagrams were plotted using Abaqus software. The modeled results were compared with the known experimental data which showed a high accuracy in predicting the mechanical properties and impact behavior of the nanocomposite sandwich structures. پرونده مقاله -
دسترسی آزاد مقاله
6 - Developing EFL Learners’ Creativity in Writing Skill Through Dynamic Assessment-based Teaching
Narges Zarinkamar Reza Abdi Mehran DavaribinaThe development of students’ creative potential is one of the objectives of educational programs in TEFL. The ability of TEFL teachers to achieve this objective to shape creative learning environments for their own students’ creative potential depends on the چکیده کاملThe development of students’ creative potential is one of the objectives of educational programs in TEFL. The ability of TEFL teachers to achieve this objective to shape creative learning environments for their own students’ creative potential depends on their training in such a learning environment. This study attempted to investigate the effect of dynamic assessment-inspired teaching on the creativity of the EFL students, going through creative writing. This study tried to notice which model of dynamic assessment best affects creativity. The creative thinking scale in writing (Torrance, 1990) was used by the researchers to score the descriptors of creative thinking subscales. One-hundred EFL adult learners of both gender who aged between 20 to 22 were recruited to take part in the present study at Soure art and Architecture University, and a sequential explanatory mixed-method design was utilized. The control group received no mediation, and the other two classes received sandwich and cake models of dynamic assessment-related mediations, respectively. A semi-structured interview was conducted with 12 students and three main questions were asked. A thematic analysis was done using qualitative MAXQDA Software which showed a positive attitude of the learners toward this. The results have shown that both the sandwich and cake model of dynamic assessment influenced the creativity of the learners in their writing. Besides, the sandwich model was more beneficial than the cake model. پرونده مقاله -
دسترسی آزاد مقاله
7 - Buckling and Thermomechanical Vibration Analysis of a Cylindrical Sandwich Panel with an Elastic Core Using Generalized Differential Quadrature Method
A.R Pourmoayed K Malekzadeh M Shahravi H SafarpourIn this paper, the vibrational and buckling analysis of a cylindrical sandwich panel with an elastic core under thermo-mechanical loadings is investigated. The modeled cylindrical sandwich panel as well as its equations of motions and boundary conditions is derived by H چکیده کاملIn this paper, the vibrational and buckling analysis of a cylindrical sandwich panel with an elastic core under thermo-mechanical loadings is investigated. The modeled cylindrical sandwich panel as well as its equations of motions and boundary conditions is derived by Hamilton’s principle and the first-order shear deformation theory (FSDT). For the first time in the present study, various boundary conditions is considered in the cylindrical sandwich panel with an elastic core. In order to obtain the temperature distribution in the cylindrical sandwich panel in the absence of a heat-generation source, temperature distribution is obtained by solving the steady-state heat-transfer equation. The accuracy of the presented model is verified using previous studies and the results obtained by the Navier analytical method. The novelty of the present study is considering thermo-mechanical loadings as well as satisfying various boundary conditions. The generalized differential quadrature method (GDQM) is applied to discretize the equations of motion. Then, some factors such as the influence of length-to-radius ratio, circumferential wave numbers, thermal loadings, and boundary conditions are examined on the dynamic and static behavior of the cylindrical sandwich panel. پرونده مقاله -
دسترسی آزاد مقاله
8 - Temperature-Dependent Buckling Analysis of Functionally Graded Sandwich Cylinders
Y Mohammadi M RahmaniThis study is limited to study of buckling analysis of a sandwich cylindrical shell with functionally graded face sheets and homogenous core. High-order sandwich plate theory is improved by considering the in-plane stresses of the core that usually are ignored in the an چکیده کاملThis study is limited to study of buckling analysis of a sandwich cylindrical shell with functionally graded face sheets and homogenous core. High-order sandwich plate theory is improved by considering the in-plane stresses of the core that usually are ignored in the analysis of sandwich structures. Assume that all properties of the face sheets and the core are temperature dependent. Strain components are obtained by using the nonlinear Von-Karman type relations. The equilibrium equations are derived via principle of minimum potential energy. Analytical solution for static analysis of simply supported sandwich conical shells with functionally graded face sheets under axial in-plane compressive loads and in the temperature environments is performed by using Navier’s solution. The results show the critical dimensionless static axial loads are affected by the configurations of the constituent materials, compositional profile variations, temperature and the variation of the sandwich geometry. The comparisons show that the present results are in the good agreement with the numerical results. پرونده مقاله -
دسترسی آزاد مقاله
9 - The Effects of Initial In-Plane Loads on the Response of Composite-Sandwich Plates Subjected to Low Velocity Impact: Using a New Systematic Iterative Analytical Process
K Malekzadeh Fard A AzarniaA new systematic iterative analytical procedure is presented to predict the dynamic response of composite sandwich plates subjected to low-velocity impact phenomenon with/without initial in-plane forces. In this method, the interaction between indenter and sandwich pane چکیده کاملA new systematic iterative analytical procedure is presented to predict the dynamic response of composite sandwich plates subjected to low-velocity impact phenomenon with/without initial in-plane forces. In this method, the interaction between indenter and sandwich panel is modeled with considering the exponential equation similar to the Hertzian contact law and using the principle of minimum potential energy and the energy-balance model. In accordance with the mentioned procedure and considering initial in-plane forces, the unknown coefficients of the exponential equation are obtained analytically. Accordingly, the traditional Hertzian contact law is modified for use in the composite sandwich panel with the flexible core under biaxial pre-stresses. The maximum contact force using the two-degrees-of-freedom (2DOF) spring-mass model is calculated through an iterative systematic analytical process. Using the present method, in addition to reducing the runtime, the problem-solving process is carried out with appropriate convergence. The numerical results of the analysis are compared with the published experimental and theoretical results. The effects of some important geometrical and physical parameters on contact force history are examined in details. پرونده مقاله -
دسترسی آزاد مقاله
10 - Higher-Order Stability Analysis of Imperfect Laminated Piezo-Composite Plates on Elastic Foundations Under Electro-Thermo-Mechanical Loads
B Mirzavand M BohloolyThis article provides a fully analytical approach for nonlinear equilibrium path of rectangular sandwich plates. The core of structure is made of symmetric cross-ply laminated composite and the outer surfaces are piezoelectric actuators which perfectly bonded to inner c چکیده کاملThis article provides a fully analytical approach for nonlinear equilibrium path of rectangular sandwich plates. The core of structure is made of symmetric cross-ply laminated composite and the outer surfaces are piezoelectric actuators which perfectly bonded to inner core. The structure is subjected to electro-thermo-mechanical loads simultaneously. One side of plate is rested on Pasternak type elastic foundation. The equilibrium equations of plate are derived based on the higher-order shear deformation theory of Reddy taking into account initial geometrical imperfection, nonlinear strain-displacement relations of von-Karman, temperature dependent properties, and different types of boundary conditions. Some numerical examples are presented to verify the accuracy of the proposed formulation. The effects of various parameters such as voltage on actuators, elastic foundation, imperfection, and pre-load condition on the buckling and postbuckling behaviors are studied. As an important finding of current research, there may be exists bifurcation point for imperfect plates by applying voltage on actuators. پرونده مقاله -
دسترسی آزاد مقاله
11 - Investigation of Oblique Blast Loading on Trapezoidal Corrugated Core Sandwich Panels; Experimental and Numerical Study
H Mohammadi Hooyeh A Naddaf Oskouei T Mirzababaie Mostofi Kh VahediIn this work dynamic response of trapezoidal corrugated core sandwich panels subjected to oblique blast loading are studied both numerically and experimentally. The stand-off distance which has been determined from sandwich panel to center of the nearest face of the exp چکیده کاملIn this work dynamic response of trapezoidal corrugated core sandwich panels subjected to oblique blast loading are studied both numerically and experimentally. The stand-off distance which has been determined from sandwich panel to center of the nearest face of the explosive cylinder is considered 300 mm. the experiments was performed at Four blast tube with different included angles of 0°, 15°, 30° and 45° respect to sandwich target plate. The results of numerical simulation, obtained using coupled Eulerian – Lagrangian (CEL) method at ABAQUS/Explicit software. Maximum mid- point deflection of back and front faces are compared with experiment results. The results show that with increasing angle of tilt of explosive the amount of back face deflection at angles of tilt 15°, 30° and 45° respect to the case of 0°, 4.68%, 5.86% and 9.77% decreases respectively. It is found that at the z direction, deformation profile is completely dome-shaped while the profile in the x direction is almost conical. The achieved results can be used to optimization designing of military vehicles and employed for civil infrastructure. پرونده مقاله -
دسترسی آزاد مقاله
12 - Bending Behavior of Sandwich Plates with Aggregated CNT-Reinforced Face Sheets
M Mirzaalian F Aghadavoudi R Moradi-DastjerdiThe main aim of this paper is to investigate bending behavior in sandwich plates with functionally graded carbon nanotube reinforced composite (FG-CNTRC) face sheets with considering the effects of carbon nanotube (CNT) aggregation. The sandwich plates are assumed resti چکیده کاملThe main aim of this paper is to investigate bending behavior in sandwich plates with functionally graded carbon nanotube reinforced composite (FG-CNTRC) face sheets with considering the effects of carbon nanotube (CNT) aggregation. The sandwich plates are assumed resting on Winkler-Pasternak elastic foundation and a mesh-free method based on first order shear deformation theory (FSDT) is developed to analyze the deflection of sandwich plates. In the face sheets, volume fraction of CNTs and their clusters are considered to be changed along the thickness. To estimate the material properties of the nanocomposite, Eshelby-Mori-Tanaka approach is applied. In the mesh-free analysis, moving least squares (MLS) shape functions are employed to approximate the displacement field and transformation method is used for imposition of essential boundary conditions. The effects of CNT volume fraction, distribution and degree of aggregation, and also boundary conditions and geometric dimensions are investigated on the bending behavior of the sandwich plates. It is observed that in the same value of cluster volume, FG distribution of clusters leads to less deflection in these structures. پرونده مقاله -
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13 - On Static Bending, Elastic Buckling and Free Vibration Analysis of Symmetric Functionally Graded Sandwich Beams
A.S Sayyad P.V AvhadThis article presents Navier type closed-form solutions for static bending, elastic buckling and free vibration analysis of symmetric functionally graded (FG) sandwich beams using a hyperbolic shear deformation theory. The beam has FG skins and isotropic core. Material چکیده کاملThis article presents Navier type closed-form solutions for static bending, elastic buckling and free vibration analysis of symmetric functionally graded (FG) sandwich beams using a hyperbolic shear deformation theory. The beam has FG skins and isotropic core. Material properties of FG skins are varied through the thickness according to the power law distribution. The present theory accounts for a hyperbolic distribution of axial displacement whereas transverse displacement is constant through the thickness i.e effects of thickness stretching are neglected. The present theory gives hyperbolic cosine distribution of transverse shear stress through the thickness of the beam and satisfies zero traction boundary conditions on the top and bottom surfaces of the beam. The equations of the motion are obtained by using the Hamilton’s principle. Closed-form solutions for static, buckling and vibration analysis of simply supported FG sandwich beams are obtained using Navier’s solution technique. The non-dimensional numerical results are obtained for various power law index and skin-core-skin thickness ratios. The present results are compared with previously published results and found in excellent agreement. پرونده مقاله -
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14 - Static Bending Analysis of Foam Filled Orthogonally Rib-Stiffened Sandwich Panels: A Mathematical Model
S Soleimanian A Davar J Eskandari Jam M Heydari BeniThe current study presents a mathematical modeling for sandwich panels with foam filled orthogonally rib-stiffened core using Heaviside distribution functions. The governing equations of the static problem have been derived based on classical lamination theory. The pres چکیده کاملThe current study presents a mathematical modeling for sandwich panels with foam filled orthogonally rib-stiffened core using Heaviside distribution functions. The governing equations of the static problem have been derived based on classical lamination theory. The present model contains three displacement variables considering all of the stiffness coefficients. A closed form solution using Galerkin’s method is presented for simply supported sandwich panels with foam filled orthogonally rib-stiffened core subjected to uniform lateral static pressure. Compared to previous researches, the present work is comprehensive enough to be used for symmetric, unsymmetric, laminated or filament wound panels with orthogrid stiffeners. The accuracy of the solution is checked both through comparisons with previous works, and the results of simulation with ABAQUS software. پرونده مقاله -
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15 - The Frequency Response of Intelligent Composite Sandwich Plate Under Biaxial In-Plane Forces
A. A Ghorbanpour-Arani Z Khoddami Maraghi A Ghorbanpour AraniThis paper investigates the frequency response of a smart sandwich plate made of magnetic face sheets and reinforced core with nano-fibers. The effective elastic properties of composite core reinforced with carbon nanotube are estimated by the extended rule of Mixture. چکیده کاملThis paper investigates the frequency response of a smart sandwich plate made of magnetic face sheets and reinforced core with nano-fibers. The effective elastic properties of composite core reinforced with carbon nanotube are estimated by the extended rule of Mixture. The orthotropic visco-Pasternak foundation is examined to study orthotropic angle, damping coefficient, normal, and shear modulus. The top and bottom face sheets of the sandwich are magnetic and their vibrations are controlled by a feedback control system and magneto-mechanical couplings. Also, the sandwich plate is subjected to the compression and extension in-plane forces in both x and y directions. Five coupled equations of motion are derived using Hamilton’s principle. These equations are solved by the differential quadrature method. The analysis performed by the third-order shear deformation theory (Reddy’s theory) shows useful details of the effective parameters such in-plane forces, modulus of elastic foundation, core-to-face sheet thickness ratio and controller effect of velocity feedback gain on the dimensionless frequency of the sandwich plate. The analysis of such structures can be discussed in the military, aerospace and civil industries. پرونده مقاله -
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16 - Magneto-Rheological Response in Vibration of Intelligent Sandwich Plate with Velocity Feedback Control
A Mihankhah Z Khoddami Maraghi A Ghorbanpour Arani S NiknejadThis study deals with the free vibration of the sandwich plate made of two smart magnetostrictive face sheets and an electro-rheological fluid core. Electro-rheological fluids are polymer-based material that changes its viscosity under the applied electric field. A feed چکیده کاملThis study deals with the free vibration of the sandwich plate made of two smart magnetostrictive face sheets and an electro-rheological fluid core. Electro-rheological fluids are polymer-based material that changes its viscosity under the applied electric field. A feedback control system follows the magnetization effect on the vibration characteristics of the sandwich plate when subjected to the magnetic field. It is assumed that there is no slip between layers, so the stress-strain relations of each layer are separately considered. Energy method is utilized in order to derive the five coupled equations of motion. These equations are solved by differential quadrature method (DQM). Results of this study show the rheology response of fluid in presence of electric field where the core gets hard and the dimensionless frequency increases. Also, the significant effect of thickness and aspect ratios and velocity feedback gain are discussed in detail. Such intelligent structures can replace in many of the systems used in automotive, aerospace and building industries as the detector, warning, and vibration absorber etc. پرونده مقاله -
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17 - Nonlinear Free Vibration Analysis of Functionally Graded Sandwich Beam with Magnetorheological Fluid Core Using Timoshenko Beam Theory
O Miraliyari S Jafari Mehrabadi M.M NajafizadehIn this paper, the analysis of nonlinear free vibrations of beams made of functionally graded materials with magnetorheological fluid as core is investigated. It is assumed that the beam is made of three layers including constraining layer, magnetorheological fluid and چکیده کاملIn this paper, the analysis of nonlinear free vibrations of beams made of functionally graded materials with magnetorheological fluid as core is investigated. It is assumed that the beam is made of three layers including constraining layer, magnetorheological fluid and base layer and is located on Simply-Simply, Clamped-Simply and Clamped–Clamped supports. The governing equations of the beam are derived using the Hamilton’s principle. To obtain the vibrational frequencies, the theory of Timoshenko beam is used by the Generalized Differential Quadrature method. The effects of magnetic field intensity, power law exponents, core thickness and constraining layer thickness and the length of the beam on natural frequency and modal loss factor related to different frequencies modes for the three boundary conditions have been investigated. The results show the effects of physical and geometrical parameters regarding the natural frequency and modal loss factor of the sandwich beam with different modes. Also, the frequency and loss factor values obtained from Generalized Differential Quadrature method are very close to the results obtained by the Finite Element method. This shows the accuracy and precision of this method. پرونده مقاله -
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18 - Numerical and Experimental Analysis of Impact and Damage on Composite Sandwich Panels with Grid-Stiffened Core
J Faraji Shoaa A Davar J Eskandari Jam M Heydari BeniA composite grid sandwich panel consists of a core with a composite grid structure and two faces on both sides of the core. This study investigated low-velocity impact in grid sandwich panels with grid cores experimentally and numerically by constructing and performing چکیده کاملA composite grid sandwich panel consists of a core with a composite grid structure and two faces on both sides of the core. This study investigated low-velocity impact in grid sandwich panels with grid cores experimentally and numerically by constructing and performing experimental tests using Abaqus finite element software. In the experimental part, three sandwich panels with grid cores were made for the low- velocity impact test. In the numerical part, three-dimensional elements were used, and damage was solved via programming in the Fortran language in Abaqus software. The results showed that the use of foam in the core of these structures reduced deflection due to impact despite a slight increase in the final weight of the structures. پرونده مقاله -
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19 - Improved High-Order Analysis of Linear Vibrations of a Thick Sandwich Panel With an Electro-Rheological Core by Using Exponential Shear Deformation Theory
M Keshavarzian M.M Najafizadeh K Khorshidi P Yousefi M AlaviIn this paper, the behavior of free vibrations of the thick sandwich panel with multi-layer face sheets and an electrorheological (ER) fluid core using Exponential Shear Deformation Theory were investigated. For the first time, Exponential shear deformation theory is us چکیده کاملIn this paper, the behavior of free vibrations of the thick sandwich panel with multi-layer face sheets and an electrorheological (ER) fluid core using Exponential Shear Deformation Theory were investigated. For the first time, Exponential shear deformation theory is used for the face sheets while the Displacement field based on the second Frostig's model is used for the core. The governing equations and the boundary conditions are derived by Hamilton’s principle. Closed form solution is achieved using the Navier method and solving the eigenvalues. Primary attention is focused on the effects of electric field magnitude, geometric aspect ratio,and ER core layer thickness on the dynamic characteristics of the sandwich plate. The rheological property of an ER material, such as viscosity, plasticity, and elasticity may be changed when applying an electric field. When an electric field is applied, the damping of the system is more effective. The effects of the natural frequencies and loss factors on the dynamic behaviorof the sandwich plate are studied.the natural frequency of the sandwich plate increases and the modal loss factor decreases. With increasing the thickness of the ER layer, the natural frequencies of the sandwich plate are decreased. پرونده مقاله -
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20 - Buckling and Free Vibrations of a Magneto-Electro-Elastic Sandwich Panel with Flexible Core
H Talebi Amanieh S.A Seyed Roknizadeh A RezaThis paper presents the buckling and out-of-plane free vibration response of a sandwich panel with flexible core for the different boundary condition. In the desired configuration of the sandwich panel, the top and bottom plates are made of magneto-electro-elastic (MEE) چکیده کاملThis paper presents the buckling and out-of-plane free vibration response of a sandwich panel with flexible core for the different boundary condition. In the desired configuration of the sandwich panel, the top and bottom plates are made of magneto-electro-elastic (MEE) plates. Moreover, the in-plane electric and magnetic potential fields are neglected for the derivation of the required relations. The sandwich structure is subjected to axial force in both longitudinal and transverse directions; in addition, and the top and bottom plates are exposed to electric and magnetic fields. The governing equations of motion for MEE sandwich panel with a flexible core are derived based on the first-order shear deformation theory by neglecting the displacement of the mid-plate and using the Hamilton’s principle. Furthermore, the derived partial differential equations (PDEs) are solved. According to the obtained numerical results, the core thickness, variation of electric field, variation of magnetic field and plate length are introduced as the most influential parameters on the free vibration response of the panel as well as the critical force of buckling. As one of the results, the electric potential is inversely related to the natural frequency and buckling load, so that with increasing the electric potential, the natural frequency and critical load of the structure is also increased.Moreover, the magnetic potential is directly related to the natural frequency and buckling load of the system, and increasing trends of natural frequency and critical load are observed by increasing the magnetic potential. پرونده مقاله -
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21 - Free Vibration of Sandwich Panels with Smart Magneto-Rheological Layers and Flexible Cores
G Payganeh K Malekzadeh H Malek-MohammadiThis is the first study on the free vibrational behavior of sandwich panels with flexible core in the presence of smart sheets of oil which is capable of the excitation of magnetic field. In order to model the core, the improved high order theory of sandwich sheets was چکیده کاملThis is the first study on the free vibrational behavior of sandwich panels with flexible core in the presence of smart sheets of oil which is capable of the excitation of magnetic field. In order to model the core, the improved high order theory of sandwich sheets was used by a polynomial with unknown coefficients first degree shear theory was used for the sheets. The derived equations based on Hamilton principle with simple support boundary condition for upper and lower sheets were solved using Navier technique. Accuracy and precision of the theory were investigated by comparing the results of this study with those of analytical and numerical works. In the conclusion section, effect of the intensity of magnetic field and other physical parameters including ratio of sheet's length to width, ratio of sheet's length to thickness, ratio of core thickness to sheet's overall thickness, and ratio of oil layer thickness to sheet's overall thickness on natural frequency was investigated. پرونده مقاله -
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22 - Free Vibration and Buckling Analysis of Sandwich Panels with Flexible Cores Using an Improved Higher Order Theory
K Malekzadeh Fard H Malek-MohammadiIn this paper, the behavior of free vibrations and buckling of the sandwich panel with a flexible core was investigated using a new improved ‎high-order sandwich panel theory. In this theory, equations of motion were formulated based on shear stresses in the core. F چکیده کاملIn this paper, the behavior of free vibrations and buckling of the sandwich panel with a flexible core was investigated using a new improved ‎high-order sandwich panel theory. In this theory, equations of motion were formulated based on shear stresses in the core. First-order shear deformation theory was ‎applied for the procedures. In this theory, for the first time, incompatibility problem of velocity and acceleration field existing in Frostig's ‎first theory was solved using a simple analytical method. The main advantage of this theory is its simplicity and less number of equations than the ‎second method of Frostig's high-order theory. To extract dynamic equations of the core, three-dimensional elasticity theory was utilized. ‎Also, to extract the dynamic equations governing the whole system, Hamilton's principle was used. In the analysis of free vibrations, the ‎panel underwent primary pressure plate forces. Results demonstrated that, as plate pre-loads got closer to the critical buckling loads, the natural frequency of the panel tended zero. The results obtained from the present theory were in good correspondence with the ‎results of the most recent papers. پرونده مقاله -
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23 - A Zigzag Theory with Local Shear Correction Factors for Semi-Analytical Bending Modal Analysis of Functionally Graded Viscoelastic Circular Sandwich Plates
M Shariyat M.M AlipourFree bending vibration analysis of the functionally graded viscoelastic circular sandwich plates is accomplished in the present paper, for the first time. Furthermore, local shear corrections factors are presented that may consider simultaneous effects of the gradual va چکیده کاملFree bending vibration analysis of the functionally graded viscoelastic circular sandwich plates is accomplished in the present paper, for the first time. Furthermore, local shear corrections factors are presented that may consider simultaneous effects of the gradual variations of the material properties and the viscoelastic behaviors of the materials, for the first time. Moreover, in contrast to the available works, a global-local zigzag theory rather than an equivalent single-layer theory is employed in the analysis. Another novelty is solving the resulted governing equations by a power series that may cover several boundary conditions. To extract more general conclusions, sandwich plates with both symmetric and asymmetric (with a bending-extension coupling) layups are considered. Results are validated by comparing some of them with results of the three-dimensional theory of elasticity, even for the thick plates. Influences of various geometric and material properties parameters on free vibration of the circular sandwich plates are evaluated in detail in the results section. پرونده مقاله -
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24 - Free Vibration Analyses of Functionally Graded CNT Reinforced Nanocomposite Sandwich Plates Resting on Elastic Foundation
R Moradi-Dastjerdi Gh Payganeh H Malek-MohammadiIn this paper, a refined plate theory is applied to investigate the free vibration analysis of functionally graded nanocomposite sandwich plates reinforced by randomly oriented straight carbon nanotube (CNT). The refined shear deformation plate theory (RSDT) uses only f چکیده کاملIn this paper, a refined plate theory is applied to investigate the free vibration analysis of functionally graded nanocomposite sandwich plates reinforced by randomly oriented straight carbon nanotube (CNT). The refined shear deformation plate theory (RSDT) uses only four independent unknowns and accounts for a quadratic variation of the transverse shear strains across the thickness, and satisfies the zero traction boundary conditions on the top and bottom surfaces of the plate without using shear correction factors. The motion equations are derived using Hamilton’s energy principle and Navier’s method and is applied to solve this equation. The sandwich plates are considered simply supported and resting on a Winkler/Pasternak elastic foundation. The material properties of the functionally graded carbon nanotube reinforced composites (FG-CNTRCs) are graded along the thickness and estimated though the Mori–Tanaka method. Effects of CNT volume fraction, geometric dimensions of sandwich plate, and elastic foundation parameters are investigated on the natural frequency of the FG-CNTRC sandwich plates. پرونده مقاله -
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25 - Frequency Analysis of FG Sandwich Rectangular Plates with a Four-Parameter Power-Law Distribution
S Kamarian M.H Yas A PourasgharAn accurate solution procedure based on the three-dimensional elasticity theory for the free vibration analysis of Functionally Graded Sandwich (FGS) plates is presented. Since no assumptions on stresses and displacements have been employed, it can be applied to the fre چکیده کاملAn accurate solution procedure based on the three-dimensional elasticity theory for the free vibration analysis of Functionally Graded Sandwich (FGS) plates is presented. Since no assumptions on stresses and displacements have been employed, it can be applied to the free vibration analysis of plates with arbitrary thickness. The two-constituent FGS plate consists of ceramic and metal graded through the thickness, from one surface of the each sheet to the other according to a generalized power-law distribution with four parameters. The benefit of using generalized power-law distribution is to illustrate and present useful results arising from symmetric, asymmetric and classic profiles. Using the Generalized Differential Quadrature (GDQ) method through the thickness of the plate, further allows one to deal with FG plates with an arbitrary thickness distribution of material properties. The fast rate of convergence and accuracy of the method are investigated through the different solved examples. The effects of different geometrical parameters such as the thickness-to-length ratio, different profiles of materials volume fraction and four parameters of power-law distribution on the vibration characteristics of the FGS plates are investigated. Interesting result shows that by utilizing a suitable four-parameter model for materials volume fraction, frequency parameter can be obtained more than the frequency parameter of the similar FGS plate with sheets made of 100% ceramic and at the same time lighter. Also, results show that frequencies of symmetric and classic profiles are smaller and larger than that of other types of FGS plates respectively. The solution can be used as benchmark for other numerical methods and also the refined plate theories. پرونده مقاله -
دسترسی آزاد مقاله
26 - Analytical Prediction of Indentation and Low-Velocity Impact Responses of Fully Backed Composite Sandwich Plates
M Hosseini S.M.R KhaliliIn this paper, static indentation and low velocity impact responses of a fully backed composite sandwich plate subjected to a rigid flat-ended cylindrical indenter/impactor are analytically investigated. The analysis is nonlinear due to nonlinear strain-displacement rel چکیده کاملIn this paper, static indentation and low velocity impact responses of a fully backed composite sandwich plate subjected to a rigid flat-ended cylindrical indenter/impactor are analytically investigated. The analysis is nonlinear due to nonlinear strain-displacement relation. In contrast to the existed analytical models for the indentation of composite sandwich plates, the stacking sequence of the face sheets can be completely arbitrary in the present model. Furthermore, the effects of the initial in-plane normal and shear forces on the edges of the sandwich plate are also considered. Based on these modifications, an improved contact law (contact force – indentation relation) is derived. The low velocity impact analysis of the problem is performed using a discrete system of spring-mass-dashpot model. The characteristics of the equivalent spring and dashpot are identified from the derived contact law and by incorporating the effect of the dynamic material properties of the sandwich plate. Analytical predictions of the load-indentation response as well as the impact force history are compared well with the experimental results in the literature. The effects of various parameters on both indentation and impact responses of the sandwich plates are qualitatively and quantitatively investigated. پرونده مقاله -
دسترسی آزاد مقاله
27 - Bending Analysis of Composite Sandwich Plates with Laminated Face Sheets: New Finite Element Formulation
M.O Belarbi A TatiThe bending behavior of composites sandwich plates with multi-layered laminated face sheets has been investigated, using a new four-nodded rectangular finite element formulation based on a layer-wise theory. Both, first order and higher-order shear deformation; theories چکیده کاملThe bending behavior of composites sandwich plates with multi-layered laminated face sheets has been investigated, using a new four-nodded rectangular finite element formulation based on a layer-wise theory. Both, first order and higher-order shear deformation; theories are used in order to model the face sheets and the core, respectively. Unlike any other layer-wise theory, the number of degrees of freedom in this present model is independent of the number of layers. The compatibility conditions as well as the displacement continuity at the interface ‘face sheets–core’ are satisfied. In the proposed model, the three translation components are common for the all sandwich layers, and are located at the mid-plane of the sandwich plate. The obtained results show that the developed model is able to give accurate transverse shear stresses directly from the constitutive equations. Moreover, a parametric study was also conducted to investigate the effect of certain characteristic parameters (core thickness to total thickness ratio, side-to-thickness ratio, boundary conditions, plate aspect ratio, core-to-face sheet anisotropy ratio, core shear modulus to the flexural modulus ratio and degree of orthotropy of the face sheet) on the transverse displacement variation. The numerical results obtained by our model are compared favorably with those obtained via analytical solution and numerical/experimental, results obtained by other models. The results obtained from this investigation will be useful for a more comprehensive understanding of the behavior of sandwich laminates. پرونده مقاله -
دسترسی آزاد مقاله
28 - Analysis of Laminated Soft Core Sandwich Plate Having Interfacial Imperfections by an Efficient C0 FE Model
R.P Khandelwal A Chakrabarti P BhargavaAn efficient C0 continuous two dimensional (2D) finite element (FE) model is developed based on a refined higher order shear deformation theory (RHSDT) for the static analysis of soft core sandwich plate having imperfections at the layer interfaces. In this (RHSDT) theo چکیده کاملAn efficient C0 continuous two dimensional (2D) finite element (FE) model is developed based on a refined higher order shear deformation theory (RHSDT) for the static analysis of soft core sandwich plate having imperfections at the layer interfaces. In this (RHSDT) theory, the in-plane displacement field for the face sheets and the core is obtained by superposing a globally varying cubic displacement field on a zig-zag linearly varying displacement field. The transverse displacement is assumed to have a quadratic variation within the core and it remains constant in the faces beyond the core. In this theory, the interfacial imperfection is represented by a liner spring-layer model. The proposed model satisfies the condition of transverse shear stress continuity at the layer interfaces and the zero transverse shear stress condition at the top and bottom of the sandwich plate. The nodal field variables are chosen in an efficient manner to circumvent the problem of C1 continuity requirement of the transverse displacements associated with the RHSDT. The proposed model is implemented to analyze the laminated composites and sandwich plates having interfacial imperfection. Many new results are also presented which should be useful for the future research. پرونده مقاله -
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29 - Wave Propagation in Sandwich Panel with Auxetic Core
D Qing-Tian Y Zhi-ChunAuxetic cellular solids in the forms of honeycombs and foams have great potential in a diverse range of applications, including as core material in curved sandwich panel composite components, radome applications, directional pass band filters, adaptive and deployable st چکیده کاملAuxetic cellular solids in the forms of honeycombs and foams have great potential in a diverse range of applications, including as core material in curved sandwich panel composite components, radome applications, directional pass band filters, adaptive and deployable structures, filters and sieves, seat cushion material, energy absorption components, viscoelastic damping materials and fastening devices etc.In this paper, the characteristic of wave propagation in sandwich panel with auxetic core is analyzed. A three-layer sandwich panel is considered which is discretized in the thickness direction by using semi-analytical finite element method. Wave propagation equations are obtained through some algebraic manipulation and applying standard finite element assembling procedures. The mechanical properties of auxetic core can be described by the geometric parameters of the unit cell and mechanical properties of the virgin core material. The characteristics of wave propagation in sandwich panel with conventional hexagonal honeycomb core and re-entrant auxetic core are discussed, and effects of panel thickness, geometric properties of unit cell on dispersive curves are also discussed. Variations of Poisson’s ratio and core density with inclined angle are presented. پرونده مقاله -
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30 - Analytical and Numerical Modelling of the Axisymmetric Bending of Circular Sandwich Plates with the Nonlinear Elastic Core Material
A Kudin S Choporov Yu Tamurov M.A.V Al OmariHerein paper compares the analytical model with the FEM based numerical model of the axisymmetric bending of circular sandwich plates. Also, the paper describes equations of the circular symmetrical sandwich plates bending with isotropic face sheets and the nonlinear el چکیده کاملHerein paper compares the analytical model with the FEM based numerical model of the axisymmetric bending of circular sandwich plates. Also, the paper describes equations of the circular symmetrical sandwich plates bending with isotropic face sheets and the nonlinear elastic core material. The method of constructing an analytical solution of nonlinear differential equations has been described. The perturbation method for differential equations with small parameters is used to represent nonlinear differential equations as a sequence of linear equations. Linear differential equations are reduced to Bessel’s equation. It is compared results of analytical model with results of other researches using two problems: 1) the problem of axisymmetric transverse bending of a circular sandwich plate, 2) the problem of axisymmetric transverse bending of an annular sandwich plate. The effect of accounting nonlinear elastic core material on the strain state of the sandwich plate is described. پرونده مقاله -
دسترسی آزاد مقاله
31 - An Upper Bound Analysis of Sandwich Sheet Rolling Process
H Haghighat P SaadatiIn this research, flat rolling process of bonded sandwich sheets is investigated by the method of upper bound. A kinematically admissible velocity field is developed for a single layer sheet and is extended into the rolling of the symmetrical sandwich sheets. The intern چکیده کاملIn this research, flat rolling process of bonded sandwich sheets is investigated by the method of upper bound. A kinematically admissible velocity field is developed for a single layer sheet and is extended into the rolling of the symmetrical sandwich sheets. The internal, shear and frictional power terms are derived and they are used in the upper bound model. Through the analysis, the rolling torque, the roll separating force and the thickness of each layer at the exit of deformation are determined. The validity of the proposed analytical method is discussed by comparing the theoretical predictions with the experimental data found in the literature and by the finite element method. It is shown that the accuracy of the newly developed analytical model is good. پرونده مقاله -
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32 - Effect of Follower Force on Vibration Frequency of Magneto-Strictive-Faced Sandwich Plate with CNTR Composite Core
M.R Ghorbanpour Arani Z Khoddami MaraghiThis study deals with the vibration response of sandwich plate with nano-composite core and smart magneto-strictive face sheets. Composite core is reinforced by carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and its effective elastic properties are obtained by the rule of Mixture. Terfenol-D چکیده کاملThis study deals with the vibration response of sandwich plate with nano-composite core and smart magneto-strictive face sheets. Composite core is reinforced by carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and its effective elastic properties are obtained by the rule of Mixture. Terfenol-D films are used as the face sheets of sandwich due to magneto-mechanical coupling in magneto-strictive material (MsM). In order to investigate the magnetization effect on the vibration characteristics of sandwich plate, a feedback control system is utilized. Also the sandwich plate undergoes the follower forces in opposite direction of x. Based on energy method, equations of motions are derived using Reddy’s third order shear deformation theory, and Hamilton’s principle and solved by differential quadrature method (DQM). A detailed numerical study is carried out based on third-order shear deformation theory to indicate the significant effect of follower forces, volume fraction of CNTs, temperature change, core-to-face sheet thickness ratio and controller effect of velocity feedback gain on dimensionless frequency of sandwich plate. These finding can be used to automotive industry, aerospace and building industries. پرونده مقاله -
دسترسی آزاد مقاله
33 - Analysis of Viscoelastic Functionally Graded Sandwich Plates with CNT Reinforced Composite Face Sheets on Viscoelastic Foundation
A Ghorbanpour Arani M Emdadi H Ashrafi M Mohammadimehr S Niknejad A.A Ghorbanpour Arani A HosseinpourIn this article, bending, buckling, and free vibration of viscoelastic sandwich plate with carbon nanotubes reinforced composite facesheets and an isotropic homogeneous core on viscoelastic foundation are presented using a new first order shear deformation theory. Accor چکیده کاملIn this article, bending, buckling, and free vibration of viscoelastic sandwich plate with carbon nanotubes reinforced composite facesheets and an isotropic homogeneous core on viscoelastic foundation are presented using a new first order shear deformation theory. According to this theory, the number of unknown’s parameters and governing equations are reduced and also the using of shear correction factor is not necessary because the transverse shear stresses are directly computed from the transverse shear forces by using equilibrium equations. The governing equations obtained using Hamilton’s principle is solved for a rectangular viscoelastic sandwich plate. The effects of the main parameters on the vibration characteristics of the viscoelastic sandwich plates are also elucidated. The results show that the frequency significantly decreases with using foundation and increasing the viscoelastic structural damping coefficient as well as the damping coefficient of materials and foundation. پرونده مقاله -
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34 - Coupled Bending-Longitudinal Vibration of Three Layer Sandwich Beam using Exact Dynamic Stiffness Matrix
A. Zare B Rafezy W.P HowsonA Newtonian (vectorial) approach is used to develop the governing differential equations of motion for a three layer sandwich beam in which the uniform distribution of mass and stiffness is dealt with exactly. The model allows for each layer of material to be of unequal چکیده کاملA Newtonian (vectorial) approach is used to develop the governing differential equations of motion for a three layer sandwich beam in which the uniform distribution of mass and stiffness is dealt with exactly. The model allows for each layer of material to be of unequal thickness and the effects of coupled bending and longitudinal motion are accounted for. This results in an eighth order ordinary differential equation whose closed form solution is developed into an exact dynamic member stiffness matrix (exact finite element) for the beam. Such beams can then be assembled to model a variety of structures in the usual manner. However, such a formulation necessitates the solution of a transcendental eigenvalue problem. This is accomplished using the Wittrick-Williams algorithm, whose implementation is discussed in detail. The algorithm enables any desired natural frequency to be converged upon to any required accuracy with the certain knowledge that none have been missed. The accuracy of the method is then confirmed by comparison with five sets of published results together with a further example that indicates its range of application. A number of further issues are considered that arise from the difference between sandwich beams and uniform single material beams, including the accuracy of the characteristic equation, co-ordinate transformations, modal coupling and the application of boundary conditions. پرونده مقاله -
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35 - بررسی تاثیر جهت گیری هسته لانه زنبوری نسبت به صحفات جانبی بر قابلیت جذب انرژی پنل ساندویچی استفاده شده در چاله آسانسور
امیر قیاسوند حسین احمدی رشید سوان حسنی فردپنل های ساندویچی دارای قابلیت و توان بالا در زمینه جذب انرژی و مستهلک سازی انرژی جنبشی حاصل از برخورد در مواجهه با موج های انفجاری می باشند. در پژوهش حاضر تاثیر جهت گیری هسته لانه زنبوری پنل ساندویچی نسبت به صفحات جانبی و راستای بارگذاری بر قابلیت جذب و مستهلک سازی انرژ چکیده کاملپنل های ساندویچی دارای قابلیت و توان بالا در زمینه جذب انرژی و مستهلک سازی انرژی جنبشی حاصل از برخورد در مواجهه با موج های انفجاری می باشند. در پژوهش حاضر تاثیر جهت گیری هسته لانه زنبوری پنل ساندویچی نسبت به صفحات جانبی و راستای بارگذاری بر قابلیت جذب و مستهلک سازی انرژی ناشی از برخورد کابین آسانسور با پنل ساندویچی تعبیه شده در چاله آسانسور مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. از شش زاویه 30, 20, 10, 5, 0 و 45 درجه بدین منظور استفاده گردید. مشاهده شد که با افزایش میزان زاویه جهت گیری هسته پنل نسبت به راستای ضربه میزان سختی پنل دچار افت خواهد شد و این افت با افزایش بیشتر زاویه جهت گیری هسته به صورت شدید تری اتفاق خواهد افتاد. با افزایش میزان زاویه هسته لانه زنبوری از حد بهینه، سازه به دلیل کرنش پلاستیک بزرگ فشردگی و مچالگی را تجربه خواهد نمود که این امر موجب افزایش شدید سختی پنل می گردد و پنل به دلیل عدم تراکم پذیری همانند یک جسم صلب عمل می نماید و قابلیت مستهلک سازی انرژی آن به شدت دچار کاهش می گردد. پرونده مقاله -
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36 - بررسی ارتعاشات و دمپینگ صفحات کامپوزیتی ساندویچی تقویت شده با الیاف کولار
عبدالحسین فریدون علی حضرتی نیاریهدف از این مقاله بررسی دمپینگ ارتعاشی صفحات کامپوزیت ساندویچی تقویت شده با استفاده از روش ریتز میباشد. میباشد. دمپینگ یک پارامتر موثر در کنترل میزان ارتعاشات سازه های متحرک میباشد. به دلیل چقرمگی و استحکام بالای مواد کامپوزیتی به نسبت وزن آنها، این مواد در حوزه های مختل چکیده کاملهدف از این مقاله بررسی دمپینگ ارتعاشی صفحات کامپوزیت ساندویچی تقویت شده با استفاده از روش ریتز میباشد. میباشد. دمپینگ یک پارامتر موثر در کنترل میزان ارتعاشات سازه های متحرک میباشد. به دلیل چقرمگی و استحکام بالای مواد کامپوزیتی به نسبت وزن آنها، این مواد در حوزه های مختلفی از جمله صنایع اتومبیل سازی و مهندسی مکانیک مورد استفاده قرار میگیرند. محاسبات تئوری با استفاده از نرم افزار مطلب ورژن 8-7 انجام شده است. در ادامه، دمپینگ با استفاده از نرم افزار تجاری آباکوس (ورژن 5-6) مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفته است. نتایج بدست آمده از روش تئوری با نتایج بدست آمده از روش المان محدود مطابقت خوبی از خود نشان میدهند. پرونده مقاله -
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37 - Design Approach of Bolts and Sandwiching Steel Plates in Hybrid-Sandwiching Systems Based on FEM
Alireza Zaferani Pasha Javadi Parham MemarzadehConventional reduced beam sections (RBS) maintain their capacity with up to 4% drift angle, after which local buckling at the reduced section significantly reduces their resistance. The use of hybrid-sandwiched reduced beam sections (HS-RBS) in the reduced section of co چکیده کاملConventional reduced beam sections (RBS) maintain their capacity with up to 4% drift angle, after which local buckling at the reduced section significantly reduces their resistance. The use of hybrid-sandwiched reduced beam sections (HS-RBS) in the reduced section of conventional RBS beams previously proposed by the authors can increase the energy absorption capacity, allowing the beam to reach 7% drift without losing capacity. The experimental results indicate that placing the HS-RBS in the reduced section of the RBS beam does not disrupt its main role in forming a plastic joint in the reduced section. HS-RBS is comprised of grout, nuts and bolts, and the sandwiching plates. In this system, the bolts and the sandwiching plate enclose the grout and the bolts are placed in the grout on two sides of the beam web in the reduced section to increase the grout's capacity to resist the tensile stresses arising from the web buckling. The sandwiching plate is located in the reduced section on two sides of the flange to enclose the grout and increase the buckling resistance of the flange. This study employed finite element modeling (FEM) to analyse beam bolts with different diameters for different sections of the HS-RBS to obtain the best diameter for each bolt. Moreover, sandwiching plates with different thicknesses were examined to find the best thickness. پرونده مقاله -
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38 - Free vibration analysisof soft-core composite-faced sandwich plates using three-dimensional finite element method
Mohammad Mahdi Kheirikhah Hasan Aghabarati Pooneh KhosraviIn this paper, natural frequencies of the sandwich plates with soft flexible core and composite face sheets are obtained. Three-Dimensional (3D) finite element method (FEM) is used for constructing and analyzing of the sandwich plates to obtain their natural frequencies چکیده کاملIn this paper, natural frequencies of the sandwich plates with soft flexible core and composite face sheets are obtained. Three-Dimensional (3D) finite element method (FEM) is used for constructing and analyzing of the sandwich plates to obtain their natural frequencies. Continuity conditions for transverse shear stresses at the interfaces as well as transverse flexibility and transverse normal strain and stress of the core are considered.The effects of plate dimensions such as aspect ratio and thickness ratio are studied. Also, different boundary conditions such as all edges clamped (CCCC), all edges simply supported (SSSS) and combined boundary conditions including (CFCF)are applied to the sandwich plates. Comparison of the present results in special case with those of the accurate plate theories confirms the accuracy of the proposedmodel. پرونده مقاله -
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39 - Designing a prefabricated sandwich composite roofing system Made up of resisting facings and light-weight concrete core with truss-shaped connectors
Arash Totonchi Allah dad AhmadiIn this paper, a new roofing system is introduced, which is constructued using the precast composite sandwich panels. This roofing sandwich panels system consists of three kinds of precast concrete sandwich panels including capital panels, beam or between columns panels چکیده کاملIn this paper, a new roofing system is introduced, which is constructued using the precast composite sandwich panels. This roofing sandwich panels system consists of three kinds of precast concrete sandwich panels including capital panels, beam or between columns panels, and slab or middle panels. The panels are composed of three layers; A high strength reinforced concrete top layer. A thick layer of light-weight concrete as the intermediate layer or core. And a tensile resistant reinforced concrete bottom layer. The panels are connected together by special connectors at the edges.In this research, the influence of shear connector stiffness is studied which is measured according to their diameter on ultimate resistant and combined performance of the panels. The results of finite element analysis by ABAQUS software show a logical behavior of load-deflectioncurves in shear connectors. Based on the economic and weight comparisons the dead and live loads,the proposed sandwich panel roofing is approximately 44 percent lighter than the conventional steel joist and concrete blocks. This comparison shows the superiority of this roofing system to joists and concrete blocks system and seems to be a good alternative for it. Due to the possibility of prefabrication and industrial production of the panels under factory conditions, and various other technical, economic, and constructional advantages of this roofing system, it is concluded that it can be viable substitute for current roofing systems in low to high-rise buildings and can save a considerable amount of material, labor, time, and cost in building construction. پرونده مقاله -
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40 - Free Vibration Analysis of Sandwich Plates with FGM Face Sheets and Temperature-Dependent Properties of the Core Materials
Y. MohammadiIn this paper, the free vibration of sandwich plates with power-law FGM face sheets in various thermal environments is performed by high-order sandwich plate theory. The material properties of the core, such as Young’s modulus, density, thermal expansion coefficie چکیده کاملIn this paper, the free vibration of sandwich plates with power-law FGM face sheets in various thermal environments is performed by high-order sandwich plate theory. The material properties of the core, such as Young’s modulus, density, thermal expansion coefficient and Poisson’s ratio, are assumed to be temperature dependent by nonlinear function of temperature [1]. The material properties of the FGM face sheets are assumed to vary continuously through the thickness according to a power law distribution in terms of volume fractions of the constituents [2]. The governing equations of motion in free natural vibration are derived using Hamilton’s principle [3]. A new approach is used to reduce the equations of motion from twenty three equations to eleven equations and then solve them. The new solution approach consists of isolating six of the unknowns in the displacements of the face sheets using the compatibility equations, followed by isolating the additional six Lagrange multipliers using the equations of the face sheets, finally, the isolated unknowns are substituted into the eleven equations of the core. Both un-symmetric and symmetric sandwich plates are considered in this analysis. Good agreement is found between theoretical predictions of the fundamental frequency parameters and the results obtained from other references for simply supported sandwich plates with functionally graded face sheets. The results show that the fundamental frequency parameters (ω ̅ ) increases by increasing the volume fraction index (κ). Also, the effect of temperature on the value of fundamental frequency parameters decreases with increases in the FGM face sheets thickness. The results also revealed that as the side-to-thickness ratio (b⁄h), the core-to-face sheet thickness ratio (h_c⁄h_t ) and temperature changes, have a significant effect on the fundamental frequency parameters. پرونده مقاله -
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41 - Simulation and Analysis of Sandwich Panels Free Vibration with Corrugated Core Based on Galerkin Method
Gholamreza Banadcooki J. RezaeiPazhandThis paper aims to evaluate sandwich panels' free vibration with corrugated core by Element-free Galerkin methods and based on first order shear deformation theory (FSDT) investigated. The sandwich panels' free vibration with corrugated core consist of two sheets above چکیده کاملThis paper aims to evaluate sandwich panels' free vibration with corrugated core by Element-free Galerkin methods and based on first order shear deformation theory (FSDT) investigated. The sandwich panels' free vibration with corrugated core consist of two sheets above and below the panels, and a corrugated core in middle of these panels. The core equals to orthotropic sheet and the two panels equal to isotropic sheet. Dynamic equations of the members are obtained through first order shear deformation theory. The present research applies Galerkin numerical elementless method to solve equations of the problems. This method uses the functions of minimum moving squares. The model is simulated in cosmos software; the results are compared with the results of present papers, and show the accuracy of the method applied in the present paper. پرونده مقاله -
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42 - Analysis of Free Vibration Sandwich Panels with trapezoidal Corrugated Core Based on Galerkin Method
Arman Gholamreza BanadCooki J.Rezaei PazhandThe purpose of this paper is to evaluate the free vibration of sandwich panels with corrugated core using the element-free Galerkin method and based on the first-order shear deformation theory (FSDT).The sandwich panels' free vibrations with corrugated core consist of t چکیده کاملThe purpose of this paper is to evaluate the free vibration of sandwich panels with corrugated core using the element-free Galerkin method and based on the first-order shear deformation theory (FSDT).The sandwich panels' free vibrations with corrugated core consist of two sheets above and below the panels, and a corrugated core in middle of these panels. The core equals to orthotropic sheet and the two panels equal to isotropic sheet. Dynamic equations of the members are obtained through FSDT. The present research applies Galerkin numerical element less method to solve equations of the problems. This method uses the functions of minimum moving squares. The model is simulated in cosmos software; the results are compared with the results of present papers, and show the accuracy of the method applied in the present paper. پرونده مقاله -
دسترسی آزاد مقاله
43 - بررسی شیوع پاتوژنهای غذازاد در ساندویچهای عرضهشده در شهرستان قم و مقاومت آنتیبیوتیکی جدایهها
سید عرفان حسینی نسب نجمه واحد دهکردی ابراهیم رحیمیامروزه به دلیل وجود مشاغل متفاوت امکان پخت غذا برای تمام افراد یک جامعه وجود ندارد و بخش عمده ای از مردم به سمت استفاده غذاهای آماده روی آورده اند، که در کنار تمام مزایایی که دارد، در صورت عدم رعایت بهداشت می توانند منبع مهمی از آلودگی های باکتریایی باشند که سبب شیوع گا چکیده کاملامروزه به دلیل وجود مشاغل متفاوت امکان پخت غذا برای تمام افراد یک جامعه وجود ندارد و بخش عمده ای از مردم به سمت استفاده غذاهای آماده روی آورده اند، که در کنار تمام مزایایی که دارد، در صورت عدم رعایت بهداشت می توانند منبع مهمی از آلودگی های باکتریایی باشند که سبب شیوع گاستروانتریت شوند. در همین راستا هدف از مطالعه حاضر بررسی شیوع پاتوژن های غذازاد در ساندویچ های عرضه شده در شهرستان قم و مقاومت آنتی بیوتیکی جدایه ها بود. تعداد 120 نمونه شامل 30 نمونه از سمبوسه، سالاد، ناگت سنتی مرغ، همبرگر سنتی از مراکز عرضه شهرستان قم به صورت تصادفی جداسازی و در کنار فلاسک یخ جهت جلوگیری از آلودگی ثانویه به آزمایشگاه بهداشت مواد غذایی دانشگاه آزاد شهرکرد انتقال داده شد و توسط روش های استاندارد مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که میزان آلودگی در مواد غذایی به آرکوباکتر 83/28، سودوموناس 65/16، باسیلوس سرئوس 35/23 و برای کمپیلوباکتر 75/14 درصد بوده است که بیشترین و کمترین میزان آلودگی به ترتیب برای آرکوباکتر و کمپیلوباکتر بود. بیشترین میزان مقاومت به آنتی بیوتیک ها مربوط به باسیلوس سرئوس با 56/78 درصد و کمترین مقاومت مربوط به کمپیلوباکتر با 7/53 درصد بود. بنابراین توصیه می شود مصرف مواد غذایی خیابانی به حداقل مصرف برسد و در صورت ابتلا به گاستروانتریت ناشی از آلودگی های غذایی، استفاده از آنتی بیوتیک ها کاهش یابد. پرونده مقاله -
دسترسی آزاد مقاله
44 - شیوع آلودگی ساندویچهای عرضه شده به میکروارگانیسمهای پاتوژن و مقاومت آنتیبیوتیکی جدایهها در شهرستان کرمانشاه، ایران
محمدامین حیدرزادی نادیا ایازی نجمه واحد دهکردی محسن کرمی سیدهخدیجه احمدی سیدعرفان حسینینسبفرآورده های گوشتی یکی از تامین کنندگان نیازهای غذایی بشر هستند و مانند سایر مواد غذایی دارای ارزش های تغذیه ای خاص می باشند. این فرآورده ها در صورت آلوده بودن به میکروارگانیسم های بیماری زا، مسبب ایجاد گاستروانتریت در انسان می شود. هدف از مطالعه حاضر شیوع آلودگی ساندویچ چکیده کاملفرآورده های گوشتی یکی از تامین کنندگان نیازهای غذایی بشر هستند و مانند سایر مواد غذایی دارای ارزش های تغذیه ای خاص می باشند. این فرآورده ها در صورت آلوده بودن به میکروارگانیسم های بیماری زا، مسبب ایجاد گاستروانتریت در انسان می شود. هدف از مطالعه حاضر شیوع آلودگی ساندویچ های عرضه شده به میکروارگانیسم های پاتوژن و مقاومت آنتی بیوتیکی جدایه ها در شهرستان کرمانشاه، ایران بود. تعداد210 نمونه شامل ساندویچ های آماده، سس و سالاد از مراکز عرضه این محصولات نمونه گیری و به آزمایشگاه دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهرستان کرمانشاه انتقال و طبق دستورالعمل های استاندارد، جهت شناسایی میکروارگانیسم های اشرشیاکلای، سالمونلا، کلستریدیوم، کلی فرم، کپک و مخمر، باسیلوس سرئوس، استافیلوکوکوس اورئوس و یرسینیا انتروکولیتیکا مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفتند. مقاومت آنتی بیوتیکی جدایه ها به روش Disk diffusion ارزیابی شد. نتایج نشان داد که بیشترین آلودگی به ترتیب مربوط به کپک و مخمر (64/83 درصد)، استافیلوکوکوس اورئوس (71/42 درصد)، سالمونلا (1/32 درصد)، اشرشیاکلای (8/27) بود. کلستریدیوم پرفرنجنس (3/13)، یرسینیا انتروکولیتیکا (25/5) و باسیلوس سرئوس (94/3) بود. همچنین نتایج نشان داد که بیشترین ماده غذایی آلوده به ترتیب برای سالاد (81/43 درصد)، سس (38/42 درصد)، همبرگر سنتی (48/36 درصد)، سمبوسه (85/32 درصد)، فلافل (28/24 درصد)، کالباس (12/24 درصد) و سوسیس (9/13 درصد) بود. شیوع بالا و نگران کننده آلودگی های باکتریایی و همچنین مقاومت آنتی بیوتیکی جدایه ها در ساندویچ ها، زنگ خطری جهت بکارگیری نظارت های دقیق و سریع بهداشتی به این محصولات است. پرونده مقاله -
دسترسی آزاد مقاله
45 - Effect of Interventionist Computerized Dynamic Assessment on Learners’ Grammatical English Tenses: Analysis of Cake and Sandwich Formats
Alireza Mohammad beigi Seyed Reza Basirloo* akbar molaei saeed yazdaniThe present mixed-method study sought to investigate the efficacy of using an interventionist dynamic assessment and specifically its formats namely the cake and the sandwich ones on learners’ grammatical English Tenses. In doing so, 45 advanced learners of Englis چکیده کاملThe present mixed-method study sought to investigate the efficacy of using an interventionist dynamic assessment and specifically its formats namely the cake and the sandwich ones on learners’ grammatical English Tenses. In doing so, 45 advanced learners of English language at Iran Language Institute (ILI) in Shiraz, Iran were selected. They were randomly assigned to 3 groups, each including 15 participants. Two experimental groups namely the cake and the sandwich ones received the interventionist dynamic assessment test while the third group received a non-dynamic grammar test which was functioning as a control group. As the study utilized a sequential exploratory design (QUAN → qual) of mixed method approach (MMR), the quantitative part was carried out via a well-established grammar test and in the qualitative component, six informants (3 from the cake group and 3 from the sandwich group) were selected to be interviewed and their quotations were descriptively analyzed through a sociocultural perspective. The quantitative component of the study revealed the outperformance of the two experimental group over the control group. However, the two modes of delivering mediation in experimental groups had no statistically significant difference on the degree of the acquisition of grammatical English tenses by learners. The interview analysis of the negotiations also demonstrated positive viewpoints of learners about the two experimental groups. Merging the quantitative and qualitative analyses, the study found that interventionist dynamic assessment, in both modes, could have positive effects on learners’ ability to improve their acquisition of English tenses. پرونده مقاله -
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46 - Flexural and Compressive Behaviour of M-shaped Core Sandwich Panel with Hybrid Carbon-Glass Fiber
Himan khalediIn the present research, the flexural and compressive behavior of foam-filled sandwich panels M-shaped core with hybrid carbon-glass fiber composite have been experimentally investigated. In order to fabricate the sandwich panels, the vacuum assisted resin transfer mold چکیده کاملIn the present research, the flexural and compressive behavior of foam-filled sandwich panels M-shaped core with hybrid carbon-glass fiber composite have been experimentally investigated. In order to fabricate the sandwich panels, the vacuum assisted resin transfer molding (VARTM) has been used to achieve a laminate without any fault. Afterward, polyurethane foam with density of 80 Kg/m3 has been injected into the core of the sandwich panel. The flexural and compressive properties of sandwich panel with hybrid carbon-glass fiber [CGCG]s have been compared to those of eight-layered carbon fiber [C]8 and the eight-layered glass fiber [G]8. The study of force-displacement curves obtained from the compressive and three-point bending tests showed that the [CGCG]s has larger elastic region than [C]8 and larger plastic region than [G]8. Also, it was found that polyurethane foam enhanced the ultimate compressive and bending loads and absorber features of sandwich panels Finally, the extra foam coming out of the sides of the sandwich panel is cut after rigidization. پرونده مقاله -
دسترسی آزاد مقاله
47 - Numerical Study of the Effect of Temperature Changes on the Failure Behavior of Sandwich Panels with Honeycomb Core
Ismaeil ‎ Eynali Seyed Alireza Seyed RoknizadehIn this paper, failure modes of sandwich panels are investigated numerically using finite element method. For this purpose, four sandwich beams of GFRP laminateskins and Nomex honeycomb core are considered. The models have been chosen so that they could cover all failur چکیده کاملIn this paper, failure modes of sandwich panels are investigated numerically using finite element method. For this purpose, four sandwich beams of GFRP laminateskins and Nomex honeycomb core are considered. The models have been chosen so that they could cover all failure modes according to available experimental failure mode maps. Models are created and analyzed based on standard 3-points bending test, using ASTM standard C393-62. In order to investigate the effect of loading and sandwich panelparameters on failure behavior, finite element analysis has been utilized. The results are verified by comparing experimental and theoretical results. The constructed failure mode map shows dependence of failure mode on the ratio of skin thickness to span length, and honeycomb relative density. To Then, effect of temperature on the failure modes ofsandwich panels, has been investigated. Results show that failure modes haven’t depended on environment temperature and failure load decreases by increasing environmentaltemperature. The slope of reduction is a function of beam geometrical parameters.Depending on the parameters, the failure loads decrease between 10% to 40% byincreasing environmental temperature. پرونده مقاله -
دسترسی آزاد مقاله
48 - Free Vibration Analysis of Sandwich Beams with FG Face Sheets Based on the High Order Sandwich Beam Theory
Mohsen Rahmani Sajjad Dehghanpour Ali BarootihaIn this paper, the vibration behavior of the sandwich beams with functionally graded face-sheets is investigated based on the high order sandwich beam theory.The properties of the FGM are varied gradually across the thickness of the structures in accordant with the powe چکیده کاملIn this paper, the vibration behavior of the sandwich beams with functionally graded face-sheets is investigated based on the high order sandwich beam theory.The properties of the FGM are varied gradually across the thickness of the structures in accordant with the power-law rule. First-order shear deformation theory and polynomial patterns are used to model the displacements of the face-sheets and the core, respectively. The governing equations of the motion are obtained based on Hamilton’s energy principle and solved by a Galerkin method. An algebraic method is used to reduce the number of equations. Boundary conditions are considered as simply supported and clamped.The effect of the power-law index and geometrical variations are surveyed on the fundamental frequency parameter for different sandwich beams in some numerical examples. In order to verify the results of the present study, they are compared with special cases of the literature. پرونده مقاله -
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49 - Temperature-dependent Vibration Analysis of Clamped-free Sandwich Beams with Porous FG Core
Mohsen RahmaniIn recent years, there has been a demand for the production of materials with high thermal resistance and manufacturing structures with high mechanical strength in modern industries. In this paper, the frequency responses analysis of the sandwich beams with functionally چکیده کاملIn recent years, there has been a demand for the production of materials with high thermal resistance and manufacturing structures with high mechanical strength in modern industries. In this paper, the frequency responses analysis of the sandwich beams with functionally graded core and homogeneous face sheets are presented based on the high-order sandwich beam theory. All materials are temperature dependent and the properties of FGM are varied gradually by a power-law rule which is modified by considering even and uneven porosity distributions across the thickness. Nonlinear Lagrange strain and thermal stresses of the face sheets and in-plane strain and transverse flexibility of the core are considered. Governing equations of the motion are obtained based on Hamilton’s principle and solved by a Galerkin method for the clamped-free boundary condition. To verify the results of this study, they compared with special cases of the literature. Based on the numerical results, it is concluded that by increasing the temperature, power-law index, length, thickness, porosity volume fraction the fundamental frequency parameter decreases, and increasing the wave number causes the frequency increases. پرونده مقاله -
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50 - Nonlinear Buckling Analysis of Different Types of Porous FG Sandwich Beams with Temperature-Dependent
Mohsen Rahmani Younes Mohammadi Mahdi AbtahiIn this paper, the nonlinear buckling behavior of two types of functionally graded sandwich beams was studied using a high-order sandwich beam theory. Type I consists of functionally graded layers coating a homogeneous core, while type II features an FG core covered by چکیده کاملIn this paper, the nonlinear buckling behavior of two types of functionally graded sandwich beams was studied using a high-order sandwich beam theory. Type I consists of functionally graded layers coating a homogeneous core, while type II features an FG core covered by homogeneous face sheets. All materials are considered temperature dependent, with FGM properties modified through even and uneven porosity distributions modeled by a power law rule. The sandwich beam theory was adjusted to account for nonlinear Lagrange strains, thermal stresses of the face sheets, in-plane strain, and the transverse flexibility of the core. The governing equations were derived from the minimum potential energy principle, and a Galerkin method was employed to solve them for simply supported and clamped boundary conditions. Comparisons with existing literature demonstrate good agreement. The resultes showed that critical load parameter decreases with increasing temperature, power law index, length-to-thickness ratio, thickness, and porosity volume fraction in both distributions, but increases with the wave number. Additionally, the stability of type II sandwich beams surpasses that of type I in high-temperature conditions. پرونده مقاله -
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51 - Experimental Investigation and Numerical Simulation of the Mechanical Behavior of a Novel Honeycomb Core Sandwich Panels Formed by Hydroforming Process
Javad Shahbazi karami Nazanin Kafaei Kavoshian Afshin Kazerooni Akbar Ghazi Mir SaeedSandwich panel with central core honeycomb aluminum as one of the main shielding structures because of their high strength-to-weight ratio and improved energy absorption capacity, has been attracted the attention of many researchers and practitioners in recent years. Th چکیده کاملSandwich panel with central core honeycomb aluminum as one of the main shielding structures because of their high strength-to-weight ratio and improved energy absorption capacity, has been attracted the attention of many researchers and practitioners in recent years. This paper initiates and presents a new type of central core honeycomb formed by hydroforming process. The study is augmented by a numerical and experimental work on flexural behavior of sandwich panel structures made of aluminum alloy and different cores such as aluminum, polyurethane foams, PVC, silicone and carbon fiber. Firstly a numerical simulation by ABAQUS software was run, then prepared samples were tested and related force-displacement diagrams were depicted from results. Comparing the corresponding diagrams obtained from simulation with that of the results of experimental investigation, high flexural strength of the sandwich panels with proposed honeycomb core relative to a three-layer sheet as well as a very high flexural strength of suggested sandwich panel with honeycomb core filled with carbon fiber against other samples of honeycomb was observed. Finally, comparing the experimental results with numerical simulations indicates acceptable conformity. پرونده مقاله -
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52 - بررسی عملکرد سقفهای ساندویچ پانلی تحت بار انفجار به روش اجزاء محدود
ناصر احدی محمدعلی لطف الهی یقینامروزه با گسترش حملات انفجاری به ساختمان ها در جهان، بررسی دقیق رفتار سازه ها تحت اثر بارهای انفجاری یک ضرورت محسوب میشود. انفجار واکنشی است که در آن نرخ سوختن مواد با سرعتی به مراتب بیشتر از سرعت صوت انجام میشود که در نتیجه آن، گرادیان دما و فشار بسیار بالا ایجاد شده چکیده کاملامروزه با گسترش حملات انفجاری به ساختمان ها در جهان، بررسی دقیق رفتار سازه ها تحت اثر بارهای انفجاری یک ضرورت محسوب میشود. انفجار واکنشی است که در آن نرخ سوختن مواد با سرعتی به مراتب بیشتر از سرعت صوت انجام میشود که در نتیجه آن، گرادیان دما و فشار بسیار بالا ایجاد شده و موج شوک بلافاصله تولید و با سرعت بسیار بالا منتشر می شود. در این تحقیق با توجه به اهمیت موضوع به بررسی رفتار سقفهای ساندویچ پانلی تحت بارهای انفجاری کانوپ با استفاده از نرم افزار آباکوس 2016 پرداخته خواهد شد. بدین ترتیب که جهت اعتبار داشتن نتایج نمونههای عددی، در ابتدا به صحت سنجی نتایج یک نمونه از مقاله مرجع پرداخته و بعد از درستی نتایج، به مدلسازی نمونههای عددی به تعداد 6 مدل و استخراج نتایج در نرم افزار اکسل اقدام خواهد شد.. در این تحقیق نمونههای عددی شامل دو گروه سقف ساندویچ پانل فولادی بوده که در فاصله سخت کنندههای داخلی با هم فرق دارند. هر دو گروه تحت بارهای انفجاری معادل 1 و2 و3 کیلوگرم TNT در فاصله 20 سانتیمتری از مرکز سقف قرار گرفته و تاثیرات بار انفجاری بر روی توزیع تنش و جابجاییهای ایجاد شده در نمونهها را مورد بررسی قرار داده خواهد شد. مطابق انتظار با توجه به نمونه ها با ثابت بودن ماده منفجره و افزایش فاصله از سطح پانل میزان جابجایی و تنش های وارده به پانل کمتر شده و همچنین با ثابت ماندن فاصله ماده منفجره از روی سطح پانل و افزایش میزان ماده انفجاری، جابجایی و تنش وارده به پانل نیز افزایش یافته است. پرونده مقاله -
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53 - Comparison of Compressive Properties Between Va-cuum Infusion and Hand Lay-Up Method Toward Bal-sa Core Sandwich Composites
م. نجفی ر. اسلامی فارسانی سید محمدرضا خلیلیThe aim of this work is to evaluate the influence of fabrication methods on the com-pressive properties of sandwich composites using both experimental work and numerical simulations. Two types of sandwich composites with E-glass/Kevlar/polyester resin facings and End-gr چکیده کاملThe aim of this work is to evaluate the influence of fabrication methods on the com-pressive properties of sandwich composites using both experimental work and numerical simulations. Two types of sandwich composites with E-glass/Kevlar/polyester resin facings and End-grain balsa wood as core have been produced by vacuum infusion processing (VIP) and hand-lay up (HL) method. Compression tests on sandwich composites showed that the mean values of compressive strength of HL and VIP composites are 15.02 MPa and 28.27 MPa, respectively. The performance of sandwich composites manufactured by VIP are presented and compared to the sandwich composites manufactured by HL method. Based on the experimental tests, VIP appears to produce higher results of sandwich composite compressive properties compared to the HL method. Consequently, in this work, the compressive properties of sandwich composites were characterized by finite element analysis (FEA) and a comparison of the compressive prop-erties in various fabrication methods was then presented. The correspondence between the predicted numerical results and the experiments proves the accuracy of this model. پرونده مقاله -
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54 - Monitoring of Edible Oils Quality in Restaurants and Fast Food Centers Using Peroxide and Acid Values
Hassan Hassanzadazar Farhad Ghayurdoost Majid Aminzare Ehsan Mottaghianpour Borzoo TaamiContinuous surveillance and monitoring of used materials in food processing is a tool for achieving to food safety assurance. Peroxide and Acid values are common indicators to detect fat oxidation, frequent and longtime heating and usage of edible oils in cooking or fry چکیده کاملContinuous surveillance and monitoring of used materials in food processing is a tool for achieving to food safety assurance. Peroxide and Acid values are common indicators to detect fat oxidation, frequent and longtime heating and usage of edible oils in cooking or frying of food. This study aimed to quality assessment of used edible oils in restaurants and fast food centers (Sandwich centers) of Zanjan, Iran by determination peroxide value (PV) and acid value (AV). A total 60 oil samples were collected randomly from restaurants (27 samples) and fast food centers (33 samples) based on cluster sampling plan of the Zanjan city. Titration methods were used to determine Peroxide and Acid values according to Iran national standards protocols No. 4179 and 4178. Peroxide value in 22 (81.48%) and 24 (80%) of oil samples and Acid value in 22 (81.48%) and 30 (90.9%) of samples taken from restaurants and fast food centers were higher than standard limit, respectively. Present investigation has shown that High PV and AV in used edible oils of many restaurants and fast food centers in Zanjan, Iran. High range of Peroxide and Acid values indicate an improper use of oils in food preparing centers and presence toxic compounds in used oils and foodstuffs which threaten food consumers' health. Therefore, continuous surveillance and monitoring of restaurants and food preparing centers and training of chefs, food operators in order to apply proper methods of cooking and frying food is very important and necessary. پرونده مقاله -
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55 - Optimization of electronic boards equipped with the BGA package to improve the response in random vibration
میلاد شهسواری مسعود عسگریIn this paper deflection and free vibration of sandwich panel is studied. The core of Sandwich panels is made of hexagonal honeycomb and faces are made of two different materials of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastic and K-aryl/epoxy covering. The governing equations are d چکیده کاملIn this paper deflection and free vibration of sandwich panel is studied. The core of Sandwich panels is made of hexagonal honeycomb and faces are made of two different materials of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastic and K-aryl/epoxy covering. The governing equations are deduced from the First order Sheer Deformation Theory (FSDT) and they are solved using Generalized Differential Quadrature Method (GDQM). The classical method in the references is used to verify the DQ method and to show that the applied GDQM method has a good results with compared to the references. Deflection of sandwich panel is investigated with two different load types. Finally natural frequency for the first 4 modes and the two different faces materials are calculated and the effect of various lengths to core thickness ratios and faces to honeycomb core thickness ratios are studied. Further, the effect of foundation stiffness coefficient on deflection and natural frequency are showed. پرونده مقاله -
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56 - Free vibration analysis of circular sandwich plates with clamped FG face sheets
یونس محمدی کیوان حسینی صفری محسن رحمانیFree vibration of sandwich plates with temperature dependent functionally graded (FG) face sheets in various thermal environments is investigated. The material properties of FG face sheets are assumed to be temperature-dependent and vary continuously through the thickne چکیده کاملFree vibration of sandwich plates with temperature dependent functionally graded (FG) face sheets in various thermal environments is investigated. The material properties of FG face sheets are assumed to be temperature-dependent and vary continuously through the thickness according to a power-law distribution in terms of the volume fractions of the constituents. Also, the material properties of the core are assumed to be temperature dependent. The governing equations of motion in polar system and in free natural vibration are derived using Hamilton’s principle and Galerkin method is used to solve the equations and obtain the natural frequency. In-plane stresses of the core that usually are ignored in the vibration characteristics of the sandwich structures are considered in this formulation. The results obtained by Galerkin method for symmetric circular sandwich plate with fixed support is compared with finite element method that obtained by ABAQUS and good agreement is found. The results show that varying the power-law index and temperature have important effects on natural frequency. پرونده مقاله -
دسترسی آزاد مقاله
57 - Frequency responses analysis of clamped-free sandwich beams with porous FG face sheets
Mohsen RahmaniIn this paper, the frequency responses analysis of the sandwich beams with functionally graded face sheets and homogeneous core is investigated based on the high order sandwich beam theory. All materials are temperature dependent and the functionally graded materials pr چکیده کاملIn this paper, the frequency responses analysis of the sandwich beams with functionally graded face sheets and homogeneous core is investigated based on the high order sandwich beam theory. All materials are temperature dependent and the functionally graded materials properties are varied gradually by a power law rule which is modified by considering the even and uneven porosity distributions. The nonlinear Lagrange strain and the thermal stresses of the face sheets and in-plane strain and transverse flexibility of the core are considered. Hamilton’s principle and Galerkin method are used to obtain and solve the equations for the clamped-free boundary condition. To verify the results of this study, they compared with special cases of the literatures. Based on the numerical results, it is concluded that by increasing the temperature, power law index, length, thickness, porosity volume fraction the fundamental frequency parameter decreases and increasing the wave number causes the frequency increases. پرونده مقاله -
دسترسی آزاد مقاله
58 - Bending analysis of composite sandwich plates using generalized differential quadrature method based on FSDT
مصطفی یزدانی اعظم قاسمی محمد هدایتیNowadays, the technology intends to use materials such as magnesium alloys due to their high strength to weight ratio in engine components. As usual, engine cylinder heads and blocks has made of various types of cast irons and aluminum alloys. However, magnesium alloys چکیده کاملNowadays, the technology intends to use materials such as magnesium alloys due to their high strength to weight ratio in engine components. As usual, engine cylinder heads and blocks has made of various types of cast irons and aluminum alloys. However, magnesium alloys has physical and mechanical properties near to aluminum alloys and reduce the weight up to 40 percents. In this article, a new low cycle fatigue lifetime prediction model is presented for a magnesium alloy based on energy approach and to obtain this objective, the results of low cycle fatigue tests on magnesium specimens are used. The presented model has lower material constants in comparison to other criteria and also has proper accuracy; because in energy approaches, a plastic work-lifetime relation is used where the plastic work is the multiple of stress and plastic strain. According to cyclic softening behaviors of magnesium and aluminum alloys, plastic strain energy can be proper selection, because of being constant the product value of stress and plastic strain during fatigue loadings. In addition, the effect of mean stress is applied to the low cycle fatigue lifetime prediction model by using a correction factor. The results of presented models show proper conformation to experimental results پرونده مقاله
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