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Open Access Article
1 - The crisis of the spread of Contagious diseases and the role of national aviation in its containment
Mehdi AliyariThe international community was for more than three years embroiled in a health-biological catastrophe caused by Cuvid-19 disease, which has probably spread due to the inherent speed of air transport and has seriously endangered the health of the world's people and unpr MoreThe international community was for more than three years embroiled in a health-biological catastrophe caused by Cuvid-19 disease, which has probably spread due to the inherent speed of air transport and has seriously endangered the health of the world's people and unprecedently reduce or stopped all activities, including air transport activates around the world and sent many people into the jaws of death. Undoubtedly, civil aviation has long been recognized as the fastest means of transportation and commercial transfer within and beyond national borders and it has often been used as a means of appeasing people, especially in providing relief to communities in distress, whether natural disasters, famines, diseases, or wars. In other words, air transport has played two opposite roles in this type of crisis in the last two decades in two different directions: First - to accelerate the transmission of epidemic and pandemic diseases; Second, to play a positive role in managing and controlling disease due to having a previous plan for the readiness and sustainability of global aviation in a critical situation. This paper seeks to explain the above duplicate with analytical and descriptive view with library and field method in the context of international aviation law. it seems civil aviation effects on control and outbreak of Contagious diseases Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - An intelligent computing architecture in the Internet of Medical Things to reduce the delay of the continuous monitoring system of patients with low mobility and special patients
reza Ariana Mohammad Reza majma Somayyeh Jafarali JassbiInternet of Things (IoT) technology offers a structured approach to address aspects of health care delivery in terms of health and remote monitoring for patients with specific conditions and life-threatening diseases. The Internet of Things will generate an unprecedente MoreInternet of Things (IoT) technology offers a structured approach to address aspects of health care delivery in terms of health and remote monitoring for patients with specific conditions and life-threatening diseases. The Internet of Things will generate an unprecedented amount of data that can be processed using cloud computing, which will result in huge delays due to resource limitations. But for real-time remote health monitoring applications, the delay caused by transferring data to the cloud and back to the application is unacceptable. we proposed remote monitoring of patient health in smart homes using the concept of fog computing in smart gateway. The FOG detection system implemented under fog computing consisted of a linear map and a Mobius map in combination with fuzzy logic to create a multi-level output (MLFM-map) that exploits different spatial resolutions in motion data analysis. The model architecture and parameters are designed to provide optimal performance while reducing computational complexity and testing time. The proposed approach showed good to excellent classification performance, with an accuracy of more than 90% of FOG episodes detected on average with very low latency in the original dataset Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - The effect of endurance training with royal jelly consumption on dopamine in the hippocampus tissue of rats with Alzheimer's disease
Fakhradin Hassanlouei Seyed Ali Hoseini Laleh Behbudi Tabrizi Masod Haji Rasouli -
Open Access Article
4 - Consumption of omega-3 supplements to prevent Alzheimer's disease based on Health Belief Model in the elderly
Zahra Jalili Reza Tavakoli Sahar Jalili -
Open Access Article
5 - Numerical solution of the spread of infectious diseases mathematical model based on shifted Bernstein polynomials
Farshid Mirzaee Seyede Fatemeh Hoseini Sahar AlipourThe Volterra delay integral equations have numerous applications in various branches of science, including biology, ecology, physics and modeling of engineering and natural sciences. In many cases, it is difficult to obtain analytical solutions of these equations. So, n MoreThe Volterra delay integral equations have numerous applications in various branches of science, including biology, ecology, physics and modeling of engineering and natural sciences. In many cases, it is difficult to obtain analytical solutions of these equations. So, numerical methods as an efficient approximation method for solving Volterra delay integral equations are of interest to many researchers. In this paper, a numerical method is developed for solving the Hammerstein–Volterra delay integral equation by least squares (LS) approximation method, which is based on Shifted Bernstein polynomials (BPs). This equation is a mathematical model for the spread of certain infectious diseases with a constant rate that varies seasonally. Least squares method is a mathematical model for data fiting which minimizes the sum of squared the difference between an observed value and the value provided by a model. In this paper, the shifted Bernstein polynomials are introduced and then approximation of an arbitrary function by using these polynomials is presented . Also, the Hammerstein–Volterra delay integral equation is introduced and the details of least squares method for solving a mathematical model is presented. Finally, we show the efficiency of the proposed method by solving two numerical examples and comparing the results with other methods. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Theoretical study of structure spectral properties of Tacrine as Alzheimer drug
Leila Pishkar Parisa R. Jamaat Somayeh Makarem -
Open Access Article
7 - Identification of mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis in samples tissue ileum of cattle slaughtered in Shahr-e Kord with ziehl neelsen staining and nested PCR method
حسن کریمی عبدالرسول نامجو حسن ممتاز محمدرضا نامداریJohne s disease is a severe chronic progressive enteritis that infect digestive system ofruminants, domestic animals, wild animals and equine .This study performed due to distinguishM. avium paratuberculosis with nested polymerase chain reaction and Ziehl–Neelsen, MoreJohne s disease is a severe chronic progressive enteritis that infect digestive system ofruminants, domestic animals, wild animals and equine .This study performed due to distinguishM. avium paratuberculosis with nested polymerase chain reaction and Ziehl–Neelsen, s stainingon the ilieum samples of slaughtered cattle in Shahr-e- Kord industrial slaughterhouse. Resultsshowed that respectively 6.6% and 26.67 % of bovine are contaminated with M. aviumparatuberculosis according to histopathology method and nested polymerase chain reaction .Mac nemar statistical test showed that sensitivity of PCR test was more than histopathologicalmethod( P<0.001) . Also 80% total agreement between these two methods and the Kappacoefficients calculated at 0.33 which represent is poor agreement (P<0.01). There wasn’tsignificant deference between, gender, race and age with infection rate ( P>0.05). The resultsshowed that a nested PCR test for diagnosis of infection is high speed and accuracy and in theprimary levels of disease that amount of microorganism is a few we cannot trust to result ofhistopathological method for recognition of Johne‚s disease Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Sero-prevalence of subclinical paratuberculosis (Johne's disease) in dairy farms of Tehran-Iran using absorbed ELISA assay
Heidarnejhad, O., Safi, Sh., Mosavari, N., Keshavarz, R. .Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis causes Johne's disease in ruminants and have been also isolated from humans. Accurate statistical information about the disease prevalence in different regions of Iran is not available. The objective of the present study w MoreMycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis causes Johne's disease in ruminants and have been also isolated from humans. Accurate statistical information about the disease prevalence in different regions of Iran is not available. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the prevalence of subclinical Johne's disease in dairy cattle herds of Tehran province, Iran. Knowing the disease prevalence and its damages could have an important role to manage the disease in the farms involved. In the present study which was conducted in the years 1391 to 1393, 338 serum and fecal samples from cows older than 18 months, were obtained from 14 dairy farms in Tehran province, Iran. Antibodies against Johne's disease were assayed using PARACHEK2 absorbed ELISA kit (ParaCheck, Prionics AG, Zurich, Switzerland). Fecal culture and Nested-PCR assays were performed to confirm the disease. The prevalence of the disease determined by ELISA and culture were 9.5% (95% CI: 6.66 - 13.23) and 3.6% (95% CI: 1.69 - 7.27), respectively. Furthermore, the herd prevalence of the disease was calculated using culture as 28.6% (95% CI: 9.58- 57.99) and ELISA as 57.14% (95% CI: 29.65- 81.19). To evaluate the diagnostic value of the test, ELISA results were compared to bacterial fecal culture as the gold standard test. According to the obtained results, ELISA can be considered as a suitable screening test for the diagnosis of paratuberculosis due to the convenient sampling, high speed and low price. It is suggested that precise control programs to be performed based on the prevalence of the disease in Tehran province. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Feasibility Study of Using Islamic Financial Resources for the Prevention and Treatment of Coronavirus Disease with an Emphasis on Waqf (Endowment)
Mohammad Mehdi Moridi Fakhrullah Mollai Kendallos Hamed Rostami NajafabadiThe purpose of the present study is to determine the feasibility of using financial resources of the Islamic government, especially Mowqufāt (endowed assets) to prevent and confront Coronavirus disease relying on the evidence of Islamic rules. The method of study is des MoreThe purpose of the present study is to determine the feasibility of using financial resources of the Islamic government, especially Mowqufāt (endowed assets) to prevent and confront Coronavirus disease relying on the evidence of Islamic rules. The method of study is descriptive-analytic and it has dealt with this main question: What is the ruling on using Islamic financial resources, especially waqf to prevent and confront Coronavirus disease from the view of Imāmiyah Fiqh? The results showed that the philosophy of assigning Islamic financial resources is related to their type of use. Financial needs for the prevention and treatment of Coronavirus disease can be resolved by using many of these resources in the path of God. Moreover, although assigned to some purposes other than medical use and scientific research, the assets of waqf can be used for the prevention and treatment of Coronavirus disease. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - The effect of diabetes on reserpine-induced catalepsy in rats model of Parkinson's disease
اعظم خلج رامش احمدیAim and Background: Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disease in the central nervous system, characterized by dopaminergic neuronal loss in the nigrostriatal system with clinical symptoms such as resting tremor, rigidity, akinesia, and disturbances of postural MoreAim and Background: Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disease in the central nervous system, characterized by dopaminergic neuronal loss in the nigrostriatal system with clinical symptoms such as resting tremor, rigidity, akinesia, and disturbances of postural reflex.The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of diabetes on reserpine-induced catalepsy in male rats model of Parkinson's diseaseMaterial and Methods: In this study, 24 Wistar rats were divided in 4 groups (control, diabetes, Parkinson's disease, Parkinson's disease + diabetes).Each of animals in the diabetic groups was given a single injection of streptozotocin (60 mg/kg, i.p). Parkinson's disease was induced by administration of Reserpine (1 mg/kg, i.p)The bar- test was used to measure cataleptic symptoms. Catalepsy was evaluated by placing both forepaws of the rat on a horizontal bar.SPSS software was used for analyzing data by using of analysis of variance that it was performed at a significance level of p<0.05.Results: catalepsy was significantly higher in the group of diabetes + Parkinson's disease.Conclusion: Diabetes can be effective on reserpine-induced catalepsy in male rats model of Parkinson's disease. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - The effect of caloric restriction on reserpine-induced catalepsy in rats model of Parkinson's disease
Azam Khalaj Tahreh sadat Shobeiri Mohammad Reza YazdianAim and Background: Parkinson's disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder after Alzheimer's disease and the most common cause of disability . it is a progressive disease that is associated with the destruction of nerve cells. Caloric restriction is th MoreAim and Background: Parkinson's disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder after Alzheimer's disease and the most common cause of disability . it is a progressive disease that is associated with the destruction of nerve cells. Caloric restriction is the only preventive action that has a life long-lasting effect on laboratory models. It has been shown in a large scale of laboratory animals that caloric restriction increases life expectancy, decreases the incidence of several age-related diseases, and preserves youth activities. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of caloric restriction diet on reserpine-induced catalepsy in male rats model of Parkinson's disease. Material and Methods: In this study, 30 Wistar rats were divided in 5 groups (control, Parkinson's disease,caloric restriction, Parkinson's disease + caloric restriction, caloric restriction+ Parkinson's disease(2) ).Animals in caloric restriction groups were under the caloric restriction of 30 percent. Parkinson's disease was induced by administration of Reserpine (1 mg/kg, i.p). The bar- test was used to measure cataleptic symptoms. Results: catalepsy was significantly lower in of caloric restriction + Parkinson's disease and caloric restriction+ Parkinson's disease (2) groups than in Parkinson's disease group. (P <0/05). Conclusion: caloric restriction of 30 percent can improve reserpine-induced catalepsy in male rats model of Parkinson's disease. Also, caloric restriction before inducing Parkinson's disease reduces the severity of complications after getting sick, including catalepsy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - Ultrasonic Irradiation Assisted Enantioselective Synthesis of Alzheimer’s Disease Drug Rivastigmine Tartrate by Using Nanocatalyst
Hossein Asadnezhad Ali Saberi Abbas Azimi Roshan -
Open Access Article
13 - The Role of Sanitation Ministry in Culture Creation to Prevent Non-Contagious Diseases Related to Inactivity in the Country with an Emphasis on Physical Activity
Abbas ShabaniThe purpose of the present study is to review the role of the sanitation ministry for culture creation and prevention of non-contagious diseases related to inactivity in the country with an emphasis on physical activity. The current research is a descriptive survey and MoreThe purpose of the present study is to review the role of the sanitation ministry for culture creation and prevention of non-contagious diseases related to inactivity in the country with an emphasis on physical activity. The current research is a descriptive survey and it has a developmental and somehow practical objective. The statistical population of the research consisted of 600 specialists of medical science and MA experts at Iran Medical Science, Shahid Beheshti, and Tehran Universities. Simple random sampling was used to determine 234 members by Morgan Table as the research sample. A researcher-made questionnaire was used for data collection. Content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed and its reliability was calculated to be 0.71 by Cronbach Alpha Coefficient. The results showed that the ministry of health and medical education does not yet have a comprehensive plan and policy to prevent inactivity related diseases through encouraging physical activity. Moreover, the most important factors in line with betterment of the culture of physical activity to prevent inactivity diseases were determined by the ministry of sanitation, health, and medical education. The Ministry of sanitation, health, and medical education as well as the ministry of sport and youth should take steps to boost physical activity and improve health in society by collaboration, encouragement policies, and culture creation strategies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - The Rate of Awareness and Attitudes of IAU Studentâs of Toyserkan on AIDS and Influential Factors on It
Zahra Ghodsi Saied Goodarzi Nasrin MesgariAbstract AIDS, oneof the most dangerous contagious diseases, has currently affected many people unfortunately, %90 of them are from developing countries. Considering the outbreak of AIDS mostly in the young and the declaration of the public assembly of the UN, fo MoreAbstract AIDS, oneof the most dangerous contagious diseases, has currently affected many people unfortunately, %90 of them are from developing countries. Considering the outbreak of AIDS mostly in the young and the declaration of the public assembly of the UN, for achieving a %25 decrease in its outbreak by 2010 , this study aims at investigating the student's degree of awareness and attitude in Toyserkan Azad University on AIDS and influential factors on it. The students were selected thorough rank sampling and were studied by field-finding method. The means of data collection was questionnaire consisting of closed-answer questions. The distribution and data were described and the data analysis was conducted using T-test, Regression-Analysis, and one-way Variance-Analysis. The results show the positive relationship between awareness and the type of attitude, meaningful relationship between gender, field of study, semester and the degree of awareness, and the meaningful relationship between field of study and the attitude toward AIDS. Based on the findings of the present study, it is recommended that they enrich instruction on the AIDS in the universities and inform the students aiming at changing the type of attitude and plan and perform programs that improve the hygiene related to AIDS, and especially present its outbreak. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - Parkinson’s disease detection using EEG signals analysis based on Walsh Hadamard transform
Yasamin Ezazi Peyvand GhaderyanBackground: Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most important diseases of the nervous system that occurs due to the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. Because of increasing prevalence rate, lack of specific treatment, and aggravation sympt MoreBackground: Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most important diseases of the nervous system that occurs due to the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. Because of increasing prevalence rate, lack of specific treatment, and aggravation symptoms over time, PD detection is very important for the optimal control of patients' life. Therefore, the development of non-invasive, low-cost and reliable clinical diagnostic methods play an essential role to help doctors in diagnosis, slowing progressions of the disease and providing better control strategies to improve the quality of patients' life. Among diagnostic methods, recording and analyzing the electroencephalogram (EEG) signal as a low-cost and non-invasive approach has attracted a lot of attention.Method: EEG signal analysis in the time domain contains important information, but does not include the frequency information. Hence, this study is based on extracting new frequency features from the EEG signal using Walsh-Hadamard transform (WHT). WHT converts the signal from the time domain into the frequency domain and decompose it into orthogonal and rectangular waves. In this method, after calculating the Walsh coefficients, a set of features such as entropy, impulsive metrics, basic and high-order statistical features have been extracted from these coefficients. Subsequently, the discriminating capability of the presented method has been assessed using two classifiers namely support vector machine and k-nearest neighbor to classify PD patients from the healthy group.Results: The proposed method has been evaluated using the EEG signals of 28 healthy individuals and 28 patients with PD in two medication states (ON and OFF) during the reinforcement learning task. The obtained results have shown that this method is able to detect PD by using the entropy feature, support vector machine, and k nearest neighbor with acceptable accuracy of 99.95% and 99.98%, respectively. The good performance of entropy feature in comparison of other ones can be attributed to non-linear and non-stationary nature of EEG signal.Conclusion: In this study, a non-invasive, low-cost, and reliable method for PD detection using EEG signal analysis has been proposed. This algorithm is a multi-stage technique with a feature extraction approach based on WHT, entropy feature, and support vector machine and k-nearest neighbor classifiers. The reported results indicate that this method is effective in PD detection while being simple and easy, as well as being robust to the clinical factor of medication status. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - Investigating the effect of Eclipta prostrata hydroalcoholic extract on motor activity, avoidance memory and oxidative stress in an animal model of Parkinson's disease in adult male rats
shahrbano alamirostami Maryam RafieiradBackground and Aims: Parkinson's disease is associated with motor and cognitive disorders, so we investigated the administration of Eclipta prostrata hydroalcoholic extract on learning, memory, motor activity and oxidative stress in Parkinson's model.Materials and metho MoreBackground and Aims: Parkinson's disease is associated with motor and cognitive disorders, so we investigated the administration of Eclipta prostrata hydroalcoholic extract on learning, memory, motor activity and oxidative stress in Parkinson's model.Materials and methods: 50 adult Wistar rats were divided into five groups: control group, parkinsonian group and three groups treated with eucalyptus perstrata extract in three different concentrations of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg. Induction of Parkinson's model was done by injecting 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA). One day after the last gavage, motor tests were done. The shuttle box test was used to evaluate learning and avoidance memory. Oxidative stress was evaluated by malondialdehyde, glutathione peroxidase and thiol content.Results: 7 days after the lesion in the MFB, after the administration of apomorphine, the rats turned 360 degrees in the right direction at a rate of more than 10 revolutions per minute. In the movement tests of the parkinsonian group, maintaining balance in rotarod (p<0.001), catalepsy (p<0.001), muscle stiffness (p<0.001), stride length (p<0.001) and avoidance memory (p<0.001) showed a significant difference to the control group. Also, Eclipta prostrata extract significantly improved all kinds of movement disorders caused by Parkinson's disease, and in doses of 50, 100, and 200, it improved memory in Parkinsonian rats (p<0.001). Also, the extract significantly increased the amount of thiol (p<0.001). and glutathione peroxidase (p<0.001) and decreased MDA in hippocampus and striatum tissue (p<0.001).Conclusion: In general, we showed that the hydroalcoholic extract of Eclipta prostrata administered in the animal model of Parkinson's has a favorable effect on memory, learning, motor activity and oxidative stress of the brain. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - Evaluation of Aqueous, Organic Extracts of Leaves and Roots Polygonum aviculare L. on Antibiotic-Resistant Pathogenic Bacteria Invitro and Invivo
shahrzad nassiri semnani nastaran GhasempourInroduction & Objective: Drug resistance of bacteria in infections diseases has led to more attention to the use of plants in the treatment of diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of aqueous, organic extracts of leaves and roots of Polygonu MoreInroduction & Objective: Drug resistance of bacteria in infections diseases has led to more attention to the use of plants in the treatment of diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of aqueous, organic extracts of leaves and roots of Polygonum aviculare L. on pathogenic bacteria in animal and laboratory models. Materials and Methods: In this study, after preparing aqueous, ethanolic and estonian extracts of different parts of Polygonum aviculare L. powder, the MIC and MBC of the extracts on bacteria were determined by dilution methods in broth and well diffusion in agar. In this study, an animal model was administered by peritoneal injection of 5×105 CFU/ml of bacteria and 0.5 cc of extracts with MIC concentration, number of spleen bacterial colonies after 7 days by culture on Müllerinton agar and standard counting protocol. Results: The highest levels of MIC and MBC on Staphylococcus aureus related to leafy and ethanolic leaves were 57 and 38, respectively, on Pseudomonas aeruginosa related to stem and leaf ethanol, respectively 31 and 27, on Klebsiella pneumoniae ethanolic extract of root and leaf 57 and 120 mg / ml and on Streptococcus pyogenes the estonian extract of the leaf is 227 mg / ml. In vivo, the leaf extract for Staphylococcus aureus was 7.5 × 106 CFU / ml and the ethanolic extract of the stem for Pseudomonas aeruginosa was 8 × 107 CFU / ml, for Klebsiella pneumoniae and Streptococcus pyogenes leaves and roots was 7.5 × 103 and 6.3 × 107 CFU / ml respectively. Conclusion: Polygonum aviculare L.extracts have antimicrobial effects on the studied bacteria. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - Study on the infections status and important agronomic factors in severity of black shank disease of tobacco in Golestan province
seyyed afshin sajjadi Mohammad Ali Aghajani Hoda Assemi Mohammad Reza NajafiPhytophthora nicotianae Breda de Haan (=P. parasitica Dasture) is the causal agent of black shank disease and one of the most important pathogen in tobacco fields. In order to study the infection status of this disease in tobacco fields of Golestan province, 4 MorePhytophthora nicotianae Breda de Haan (=P. parasitica Dasture) is the causal agent of black shank disease and one of the most important pathogen in tobacco fields. In order to study the infection status of this disease in tobacco fields of Golestan province, 45 tobacco fields in five different regions of Gorgaan (Taghartappeh, Jafarabad, Ghorogh, Nodehmalek and Valeshabad) and four different regions of Aliabad (Pichakmahaleh, Baraftan, Fazelabad and Elazman) selected in 2014. The amount of disease was recorded during the infection period from the beginning of symptoms appearance, weekly. Stat Graphics Centurion XVI and Harward Graphics softwares were used to statistical analysis and draw charts of the development of epidemiological models, respectively. The factors influencing the epidemiology of disease were determined using two statistical methods of analysis of discriminant analysis and logistic regression. Based on the highest disease incidence there were no significant differences between regions, but there were significant differences (P<0.001) between fields. One field with disease incidence 43.4% in Valeshabad had the highest disease incidence. Jafarabad with 23.64% disease incidence had the highest infection and Nodehmalek with 16.4% disease incidence had the lowest infection. The results of this study show that disease of tobacco black shank in two regions of Gorgan and Aliabad in Golestan province with different rate of expansion. Study of temporal analysis of the epidemic using five different growth models (Exponential, Monomolecular, Logistic, Gompertz and Log-Logistic) showed that the Gompertz was the best fit model for describing this disease epidemic in the Golestan province condition. Weather conditions were similar in the different regions in 2015 year. The amount of fungi and nematode of inoculum in soil, Number of spraying in field and seedbed, duration of irrigation, rotation and soil texture were the most important variables in the incidence of disease in the Golestan province in the 2015 crop year. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - Aerobic exercise is a feasible intervention for delaying disease progression in Alzheimer’s disease
Fatemeh Akbari Mehrzad Moghadasi Sirus Farsi Mohammad Amin Edalatmanesh -
Open Access Article
20 - Natural marine products are a source of new drugs
Lida Shojaei kavanNatural products from plants, animals, microbes and minerals have long been a traditional source for treating human diseases. Recent advances in analytical, spectroscopic, and high-throughput screening technology have greatly revived the discovery of natural drugs, incl MoreNatural products from plants, animals, microbes and minerals have long been a traditional source for treating human diseases. Recent advances in analytical, spectroscopic, and high-throughput screening technology have greatly revived the discovery of natural drugs, including the contribution of marine products-based drugs. The marine environment is a unique resource that contains enormous biological diversity and may potentially lead to successful treatments. An increasing number of compounds from marine sources are entering clinical trials, and thus, the field's impact on the pharmaceutical industry is increasing. Marine organisms are excellent producers of natural chemicals with diverse structures and pharmacological activities. Most of the new products being produced from the sea are anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory and anti-infectious products. Invertebrates and seaweeds are diverse and at the same time rich sources of biologically active substances for the production of new drugs. Despite all the efforts made to isolate new drugs from the sea, due to the obstacles in the way of the mass production of these drugs, including the limitation of the reserves of marine organisms, the cultivation and propagation of these organisms and the isolation of medicinal substances from them, in the realm of experience and The test remains. However, according to the progress of science, marine medicines have a very bright perspective and will lead to the creation and expansion of effective treatment methods in the medical field in the near future. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - The effect of running on a Complex wheel running on beta-amyloid, blood neprilysin, hepatic expression of LRP1 and PPARγ in Alzheimer's model rats.
Nadia Tajevanchi rasoul asadi hashemkandi رقیه پوزش فرزاد زهساز Karim azaliBackground & Aim: Exercise and physical activity can play an effective role in delaying Alzheimer's. Multiple molecular mechanisms are activated by different physical activities that reduce dementia indices. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of run MoreBackground & Aim: Exercise and physical activity can play an effective role in delaying Alzheimer's. Multiple molecular mechanisms are activated by different physical activities that reduce dementia indices. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of running on a Complex wheel running on beta-amyloid, blood neprilysin, and liver expression of LRP1 and PPARγ in Alzheimer's disease model rats. Materials & Methods: 24 rats were randomly selected and divided into three groups: healthy control, Alzheimer's control group, and Alzheimer's + complex spinning wheel training group. The training group performed 12 weeks of training and the control group was kept in a cage for 12 weeks and did not participate in any training. The rats were trained on a Complex wheel running for 12 weeks, and at the end of the 12th week, the rats were diagnosed with Alzheimer's and shuttle box tests were used to ensure the induction of Alzheimer's disease. In this research, in order to investigate liver changes, the mentioned variables were investigated by ELISA method. In order to analyze the data, one-way analysis of variance test was used. Results: The results showed that there is no significant difference between beta-amyloid and liver LRP1 expression of Alzheimer's control group rats and beta-amyloid and liver LRP1 expression of rats in the Complex wheel running training group. However, there is a significant difference between blood neprilysin of PPARγ rats in the control Alzheimer's group and neprilysin blood and PPARγ of rats in the complex wheel training group. Conclusion: Using physical activity can improve blood neprilysin and PPARγ in rats, but the improvement of beta-amyloid and liver LRP1 expression requires more research. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - Effectiveness Of Spiritual Therapy On Hope And Self-Concept In Women With Multiple Sclerosis Disease
Marzieh Malekiha Arezoo YoosefinikThe purpose of this study was determining the effectiveness of spirituality therapy on hope and self-concept in women with Multiple Sclerosis disease in Isfahan city at 2018. The statistical population in this research were consisted of all women with Multiple Sclerosis MoreThe purpose of this study was determining the effectiveness of spirituality therapy on hope and self-concept in women with Multiple Sclerosis disease in Isfahan city at 2018. The statistical population in this research were consisted of all women with Multiple Sclerosis who referred to Al-Zahra hospital that . 30 subjects were selected with purposeful sampling method from the mentioned population and were randomly divided to an experimental and control group (15 individuals each group). The research method was semi-experimental with pre-test, post-test design and control group. The Adult Hope Scale (Snyder, 1991) and Beck Self- Concept Test (1985) were implemented for data gathering. The experimental group received spirituality therapy for eight sessions (each session 90 minutes) and control group were not exposed to any intervention. The data were analyzed with One Way Analysis of Covariance. The results showed that spirituality therapy was effective on hope and self-concept of the women with M.S. diseases (p<0/05). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - Investigating the Effectiveness of Virtual Education at Elementary School During Corona Virus Pandemic
sedighe kargarkhorami Effat AbbasiIntroduction:When educational institutions were closed following the outbreak of corona virus pandemic, virtual education has become doubly important around the world and it has entered the field of formal education in schools and universities, replacing face-to-face te MoreIntroduction:When educational institutions were closed following the outbreak of corona virus pandemic, virtual education has become doubly important around the world and it has entered the field of formal education in schools and universities, replacing face-to-face teaching and education. This created some opportunities and also challenges in the field of education. The purpose of this study was to investigate virtual education in primary schools in Khorrambid city. Research Methodology: The research method was survey and the statistical population was female primary school teachers in Khorrambid city in the academic year 2020-2021, whose number was 137 and among them, 101 people were selected through stratified random sampling method. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire on the effectiveness of virtual education in primary schools from the teachers' point of view. After compiling the questions, the questionnaire was given to the supervisor and three professors of primary education major and its face and content validity was confirmed. Also, the internal consistency of the questionnaire was evaluated using Cronbach's alpha, the value of which was 0.87 for the whole questionnaire. Data were analyzed using t-test using SPSS software version 22. Findings:The results indicated that in all dimensions of the questionnaire, teachers' views were towards moderate to high options and virtual education was effective on the doctrinal, moral, scientific, cultural, social, biological, political and economic dimensions of elementary students. According to the obtained results, virtual education can be developed and it can be used effectively in the future as a supplement to face-to-face education. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - A study of the effect of Naringinin derived amyloid and animal curvature and applied with 6-hydroxydopamine dermatosis in Parkinson's disease
BAHAR haghani Maryam khosravi jalal solati ramin hajiMaterials and Methods: In this study, the NMRI adult male mice were anesthetized. To induce the Parkinson's animal model, a 22 gauge cannula was placed into the left Substantia Nigra pars compacta and then 6-hydroxydopamine was infused to Substantia Nigra pars compacta MoreMaterials and Methods: In this study, the NMRI adult male mice were anesthetized. To induce the Parkinson's animal model, a 22 gauge cannula was placed into the left Substantia Nigra pars compacta and then 6-hydroxydopamine was infused to Substantia Nigra pars compacta through a 30-gauge cannula. The group control1 received saline on the left side of the Substantia Nigra pars compacta.Then, to investigate the effect of the Naringenin, group control2 received distilled water and other groups received Naringenin via gavage for two weeks, and apomorphine induced rotation, catalepsy, and behavioral tests were assessed in all groups. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was performed and the percentage of the neurons on the left side of the Substantia Nigra pars compacta were calculated. In this study, in cell culture model, dopaminergic-like neurons cultured in DMEM medium were counted, and cells were used and incubated to evaluate the effect of naringinin against 6-hydroxy dopamine. Concentrations were 50 for 6-hydroxy dopamine solution and 0.25, 0.1 and 0.01 for NAR solution. Finally, cell viability was assessed using MTT and trypan blue methods.Results: 6-Hydroxy dopamine increased catalepsy and contralateral turns compared to the control group. Naringin reduced catalapsy and contralateral turns, it reduced anxiety and depressive-like behaviours besides that it increased swimming time and locomotor activity compared to the control group. Conclusion: it seems that Naringin is a therapeutic option for neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's disease. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - Marital Satisfaction of Married Women during Coronavirus Epidemic based on Interpersonal Communication Skills and Mind Reading Ability
Shirin Shojaeifar Mahla Zarif Mohtasham Zobair SamimiCoronavirus disease has caused changes in people's lives that may affect their life satisfaction. Also, constructive interpersonal relationships and the mind reading ability are among the factors affecting the couple's life. Due to the fact that the relationship between MoreCoronavirus disease has caused changes in people's lives that may affect their life satisfaction. Also, constructive interpersonal relationships and the mind reading ability are among the factors affecting the couple's life. Due to the fact that the relationship between these variables and marital satisfaction during coronavirus has not been studied, the present study aimed to predict marital satisfaction of married women during coronavirus epidemic based on interpersonal communication skills and mind reading ability. The study was a descriptive correlational one including a statistical population of all married within the age range of 18- 60 years old 18- to 60-year-olds who participated in the study online. The study sample consisted of 368 people who responded online to Short form of ENRICH marital satisfaction questionnaire (1993), interpersonal communication skills questionnaire of Monajemizadeh (2012) and reading the mind in the eyes test of Baron‐Cohen (2001). Multiple step-by-step regression analysis was used in SPSS-22 to analyze the data. The results showed that there was a positive and significant relationship between interpersonal communication skills and mind reading ability with marital satisfaction. The results also showed that interpersonal communication skills and mind reading were able to predict marital satisfaction of married women. According to the results of the present study, interpersonal communication skills and mind reading ability are the factors affecting marital satisfaction of married women during the coronavirus epidemic and should be considered in interventions related to marital satisfaction. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - Comparison of culture and PCR methods for detection of Mycobacteriumavium subsp. paratuberculosis in raw milk of apparently healthy cattle
یونس AnzabiMycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis is the etiological agent for Johne’s disease which is known as chronic disease in cattle and may attribute to Crohn’s disease in human. High prevalence of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis has been report MoreMycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis is the etiological agent for Johne’s disease which is known as chronic disease in cattle and may attribute to Crohn’s disease in human. High prevalence of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis has been reported in dairy cattle worldwide. Recognition of infected animals is a major factor to control the spread of the organism. In this regard, detection of the bacterium in milk of clinically suspicious and apparently healthy cows is the best way to control the infection. Although isolation of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis by culture assay is considered as the gold standard, PCR method helps us to recognize the occurrence of slow-growing microorganisms in a short period of time with high sensitivity. In this survey, a total number of 160 cow milk was sampled and cream layer together with the pellet of each sample was tested by PCR and culture technique. Using Kappa statistics it was revealed an almost perfectagreement between culture and PCR assay with a product size of 400 bp; however, the agreement between culture and PCR with product size of 228 bp was found substantial. Results showed a substantial agreement between PCR with product sizes of 400 bp and 228 bp. Comparing the agreement between the two PCR approaches with culture assay as gold standard test, it was assumed that PCR could be a robust and rapid method to detect Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in milk. Consequently, PCR can be introduced as a screening test for detection of the bacterium in cow milk. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - The infection status of Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis in traditional dairy cattle farms in Moghan region
منصور Khakpoor مسعود Fardin هیوا Ahmadi آیدا NehzatiMycobacterium avium paratuberculosis is the causative agent of John's disease which is a remedial chronic disease in all ruminants and is important from economical viewpoint. In this study, a total of 86 fecal samples from suspected dairy cattle were obtained from 11 tr MoreMycobacterium avium paratuberculosis is the causative agent of John's disease which is a remedial chronic disease in all ruminants and is important from economical viewpoint. In this study, a total of 86 fecal samples from suspected dairy cattle were obtained from 11 traditional dairy farms in Moghan region. All samples were evaluated by direct microscopic examination. Subsequently, milk sample of the related cattle were tested by PCR technique. Twenty samples from positive and 10 specimens of negative samples in direct microscopic assay were selected randomly for PCR examination. Among the 86 samples, 51 (59%) samples were positive, while, 35 (41%) samples were found as negative by microscopic assay. From 20 positive samples, 19 (95%) samples showed positive result by PCR, however, among negative samples, 3 (30%) samples were positive in PCR assay. Results revealed that there is a direct relation between contamination of fecal and milk samples. Moreover, due to the correlation between the results of microscopic examination of fecal samples and PCR assay of milk specimens, direct microscopic evaluation of feces could be performed prior to PCR-based detection of Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis in milk samples. According to the results, high contamination rate of Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis was found in milk samples. On the other hand, duo to possible etiological role of this bacterium in the development of Crohn’s diseases in human, it should be considered as a serious concern indeed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - Molecular detection of Marek,s virus in backyard fowl with nodular lesions in visceral organs
Majid Gholami-Ahangaran Elham Moghtadaiee Asiye AhmadiMarek,s disease (MD) is one of the major immunosuppressive diseases in the poultry breeding industry, which can cause lymphoproliferative lesions in various visceral organs. Early identification of the disease in laying farms will prevent the cost of treatment and allow MoreMarek,s disease (MD) is one of the major immunosuppressive diseases in the poultry breeding industry, which can cause lymphoproliferative lesions in various visceral organs. Early identification of the disease in laying farms will prevent the cost of treatment and allows prompt decision-making on control measures and bio-security against the disease. In this respect, for detection of Marek,s disease virus (MDV) in nodular lesions of visceral organs of backyard fowls and tissue tropism of MDV, 50 samples were collected from suspected cases of Marek,s disease (MD). The samples were prepared from various tissues with and without gross nodular lesions. After DNA extraction from tissue samples, a 314-bp fragment with specific primers was amplified using PCR test to identify the infected cases and the tissue distribution of the antigen-A gene. In addition, 434 bp fragment of tandem repeat were also amplified by the use of a specific primer for the purpose of differentiation of pathogenic strains from non-pathogens. The results showed that in all cases infected with the MDV, in the tumorigenic stage, the gene that codes for antigen A can be detected in tissues with and without lesions. In addition, all positive samples belong to pathogenic strains. Therefore, in the tumorigenic stage of the MD, in spite of the presence or absence of macroscopic symptoms in the carcass of birds, the antigen-A gene of MDV can be detectd in all tissues. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
29 - Effects of aerobic exercise with simultaneous cerebrolysin drug administration on spatial memory in adult male rat model of Parkinson's disease
Seyed Zanyar Athari Alireza Nourazar Daryoush MohajeriMemory impairment is a complication of Parkinson's disease (PD). Cerebrolysin has neurotrophic effects and stimulates neuronal growth. Exercise also increases brain growth factors and improves spatial memory. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of aerobic exercise a MoreMemory impairment is a complication of Parkinson's disease (PD). Cerebrolysin has neurotrophic effects and stimulates neuronal growth. Exercise also increases brain growth factors and improves spatial memory. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of aerobic exercise and concomitant use of cerebrolysin on spatial memory in male rats model of PD. 36 male Wistar rats weighing 250±20 were randomly divided into 6 equal groups: surgical sham, PD (6-hydroxydopamine unilateral single injection), positive control (levodopa, 12 mg/kg-po, 21 days), cerebrolysin (538 mg/kg-ip, 21days), treadmill exercise (daily for 30 minutes, 60% VO2 max, 21 days) and cerebrolysin with exercise. The cerberolysin plus exercise group was treated similarly. Finally, a spatial memory test with Morris water maze was performed in the studied groups, and after euthanasia, brain tissue was sampled to study the pathological changes in hippocampus. Data were analyzed by ANOVA test and Tukey post-hoc at the level of p<0.05 by Graphpad software. PD induction reduced spatial memory indices. Cerebrolysine increased spatial memory factors (p<0.05). Aerobic exercise improved spatial memory parameters such as cerebrolysin (p<0.05). Statistically, exercise with cerebrolysine had the best effect on improving spatial memory indices. The pathological results were consistent with the results of spatial memory. This study states that aerobic exercise and cerebrolysin treatment simultaneously improved spatial memory and pathological changes in the hippocampus in PD rats. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
30 - Cloning of Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis hsp70 gene into pET-24a plasmid and its expression in Escherichia coli
Rasa Sheini mehrabzade Masoudreza Siefi abad shapori Masoud Ghorbanpoor Darush GharibiJohne's disease (Paratuberculosis) is a disease caused by Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis (MAP) which is a chronic and progressive infection that chiefly affects ruminants. The disease can lead to significant economic losses in the livestock industry and may also b MoreJohne's disease (Paratuberculosis) is a disease caused by Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis (MAP) which is a chronic and progressive infection that chiefly affects ruminants. The disease can lead to significant economic losses in the livestock industry and may also be a threat for public health; because it may be transmitted to humans through consumption of milk and other contaminated animal products. Immunity and resistance against the Johne's disease is mainly due to cell mediated immune response. Heat Shock Protein 70 (HSP70) of this bacterium is one of its important proteins, which the immune response against it can prevent the fecal excretion of bacteria. In order to facilitate the production of recombinant vaccine against Johne's disease, in this study the recombinant HSP (recombinant HSP; rHSP) was produced and its immunogenicity investigated in rabbits. For this purpose, the hsp70 gene was cloned into pET-24a plasmid and the resulting recombinant plasmid was transferred to E. coli strain BL21. The expression of the above protein was checked by SDS-PAGE and the accuracy of the nucleotide sequence was confirmed by sequencing. Immunization of rabbits by rHSP70 resulted in the production of high levels of antibodies. Based on the findings, it seems that the HSP70 specific antibody can be evaluated in the design of diagnostic methods of the disease and the produced recombinant protein can be assessed for the production of recombinant vaccines. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
31 - Evaluation of clinical and intestinal ultrasonographic findings in cows with Johne's disease
mohammad tooloei gholamali moghaddam mohaddeseh fahimi Paratuberclosis or Johne’s disease is an infection of small intestine caused by Mycobacteriom avium paratuberculosis characterized by persistent and progressive diarrhea, weight loss, debilitation, and eventual death in cattle. A suitable and rapid me More Paratuberclosis or Johne’s disease is an infection of small intestine caused by Mycobacteriom avium paratuberculosis characterized by persistent and progressive diarrhea, weight loss, debilitation, and eventual death in cattle. A suitable and rapid method for diagnosis of the disease in farms is not available. Trans-abdominal ultrasound is a rapid, clinical and non-invasive diagnostic method recommended for diagnosis of animals with chronic inflammation of the intestine. The purpose of the present study was clinical and trans-abdominal ultrasound examination of cattle infected with organism of the Johns disease. This study was done on 20 female Holstein cattle with consist chronic diarrhea and/or weight loss. All animals were blindly tested for Mycobacteriom paratuberculosis antibodies in blood samples by ELISA and also examined by trans-abdominal ultrasound for intestinal wall thickness. The result of the ELISA test showed that 35% of the samples had antibodies against Mycobacteriom paratuberculosis. The rates of chronic diarrhea, low body condition score and both of them in cattle with positive ELISA were 100%, 71.4% and 71.4%, respectively. In the trans-abdominal ultrasound examination, the intestinal wall thickness of the infected animals (7.9±1.54 mm), was significantly (p<0.001) more than non- infected group (2.7±0.13 mm). This study indicates that the ultasonographic evaluation of the intestine and abdomen can be a quick, useful and on farm method with relatively high specificity in the diagnosis of cattle with John's disease. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
32 - Seroprevalence of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis infection in goats of Khuzestan province
saeid Bagheri MAHDI POURMAHDI BORUJENI Mohammad rahim Haji Hajikolaei Masoud GhorbanpoorParatuberculosis or Johne's disease is chronic infectious granulomatous enteritis of ruminants, which has a worldwide occurrence. It is caused by Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis and the most common symptoms of disease in goats are cachexia, anorexia and MoreParatuberculosis or Johne's disease is chronic infectious granulomatous enteritis of ruminants, which has a worldwide occurrence. It is caused by Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis and the most common symptoms of disease in goats are cachexia, anorexia and severe disability. The aim of this study was to survey seroprevalence of Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis in goats of Khuzestan province and its correlation with host and environmental determinants. In this study sera samples were collected randomly from 368 goats in Ahvaz, Hendijan, Izeh, Shushtar, Dezful and Susangerd cities and were tested by ELISA. Apparent and real seroprevalence of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis were 7.07% (95% CI: 4.47-9.67 percent) and 13.8% (95% CI: 10.3-17.3 percent), respectively. This study showed that infection increased with age and odds of infection between the age, based on year and disease is 1.08 (95% CI: 0.86-1.35) (p>0.05). Relative frequency of positive samples in females was more than males and the odds of infection in female goats was 1.19 (95% CI: 0.4-3.59) times the males (p>0.05). The odds of infection in goats with history of diarrhea was 4.38 (95% CI: 1.92-9.96) times more than goats without this history (p<0.001). The seroprevalence in Ahvaz, Dezful, Izeh, Shushtar, Hendijan and Susangerd was 8.06% 5%, 4.92%, 13.33%, 2.67% and 5% respectively (p>0.05). This study confirms that Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis exists in goats of Khuzestan province and preventive and control measures should be considered by health authorities. Conflict of interest: None declared. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
33 - Efficiency of direct microbial diagnosis, IS900 PCR and microbial culture for detection of Mycobacterium avium subsp. Paratuberculosis in the feces of apparently healthy cattle
یونس Anzabi صمد Farashi Bonab Gh.A Moggaddam, Johne’s disease or paratuberculosis is a chronic granulomatous enteritis in ruminants caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP). The disease is responsible for significant economic losses in dairy industry worldwide.  More Johne’s disease or paratuberculosis is a chronic granulomatous enteritis in ruminants caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP). The disease is responsible for significant economic losses in dairy industry worldwide. Microbial culture as a golden standard test for detection of MAP in faecal specimens requires 6-16 weeks to complete, whereas accurate and rapid identification of cattle shedding MAP in their feces is essential for successful control of the disease in herds. In the present study, direct microbial diagnosis by Ziehl-Neelsen acid-fast staining, microbial culture on Herrolds’ egg yolk media and two IS900 direct PCR assays were carried out on 100 fecal specimens of apparently healthy cattle collected from dairy herds of Tabriz with a history of Johne’s disease. The number of positive specimens identified by the direct microbial diagnosis, microbial culture and PCR with F90/F91 and FP25/FP26 primes were 7 (7%), 14 (14%), 15(15%) and 25(25%) respectively. These results indicated that PCR detected more positive cases therefore it can be employed for rapid and accurate diagnosis of cattle shedding MAP it their feces and the type of primer used has a significant role in the sensitivity of this test. Direct microbial diagnosis by Ziehl-Neelsen acid-fast staining identified 7 (7%) specimens, two IS900 direct PCR assays identified 15 (15%) and 25 (25%) specimens, respectively, and microbial culture identified 7 (7%) specimens as positive. Collectively, these data indicate that PCR detection of MAP was more sensitive than direct microbial diagnosis by Ziehl-Neelsen acid-fast staining or faecal culture, especially if appropriate primers were used. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
34 - Comarison of direct microscopic examination, Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), culture and Nested-PCR for diagnosis of herds bulk tank milk infection with Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis
آریا Badiei فرهاد Mousakhani عباس Barin امیر Hamidi محسن ZafariCausative agent of Johne’s diseases is Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) and each year, it hurts dairy cattle industry worldwide by depression of production and reproductive indexes and culling of affected animals. This bacteria is known as a z MoreCausative agent of Johne’s diseases is Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) and each year, it hurts dairy cattle industry worldwide by depression of production and reproductive indexes and culling of affected animals. This bacteria is known as a zoonotic pathogen and recent researches explain its probable role in Crohn’s disease in humans. This study compared four laboratory diagnostic tests; including Enzyme Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay (ELISA), direct microscopic examination, milk culture and Nested-PCR for diagnosis of herds bulk tank milk infection with MAP bacteria. 100 bulk tank milk samples were obtained from 100 industrial dairy herds of Tehran province. Samples were screened by four tests and 82 samples (82%) detected as positive in culture media, 94 milk samples (94%) were positive by Nested-PCR test and 98 samples were positive in ELISA test results (98%). But direct microscopic examination identified just 33 milk samples as positive. Four positive samples of ELISA test were detected as negative samples by Nested-PCR. These 4 samples in addition to 12 other samples which diagnosed as positive by ELISA, had no growth in culture media (16 samples). These results indicated superiority of Nested-PCR among these four tests for diagnosis of bulk tank milk infection with MAP bacteria. Furthermore, the results represent high prevalence of MAP bacteria in bulk tank milk of dairy herds in Tehran province and it needs more serious eradication efforts. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
35 - A review of the effects of exercise on improving memory, learning and reducing the risk factors for Alzheimer's disease
Omidreza Salehi Mahboobeh Yousefian Masoud Kiani Zahra MosalanejadAbestractIntroduction: Alzheimer's disease is the most common age-related disease. ) is. Neurotrophic factors are widely expressed in the brain, but are significantly reduced in the brains of Alzheimer's patients. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate exercis MoreAbestractIntroduction: Alzheimer's disease is the most common age-related disease. ) is. Neurotrophic factors are widely expressed in the brain, but are significantly reduced in the brains of Alzheimer's patients. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate exercise in the function of neurotrophins, psychological disorders and reduction of risk factors for Alzheimer's disease.Methods: For this purpose, in all databases, especially Web of Science, Pubmed, Google scholar, SID.IR, Mageiran, with the keywords Exercise training, Memory, Alzhimer risk factors, etc., a search was performed without year limit. The articles were then categorized based on exercise activity on memory and learning as well as risk factors for Alzheimer's disease.Results: Among the studies, studies on the effect of exercise on risk factors, neurotrophins, memory and learning were reviewed. Their results showed that exercise depending on the type and intensity with the improvement of neurotrophins, increasing the total antioxidant capacity leads to improved cognitive function in Alzheimer's disease.Conclusion: It seems that long-term and regular exercise has a beneficial effect on neurotrophin mechanisms, improving antioxidant capacity, memory and learning in Alzheimer's disease; However, these effects depend on the intensity and length of the training period, and the mechanism of exercise on oxidative stress in brain tissue is not yet well understood. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
36 - Phytochemical evaluation and antioxidant and inhibitory effects of Citrullus colocynthis L. extract on the production of amyloid nano–biofibrils from bovine serum albumin as a model protein
Hourieh Mansouri amir arasteh Ramazan Ali Khavari-NejadColocynth with the scientific name of Citrullus colocynthis L. is one of the plants that it's anti–oxidant and anti–diabetic effects has been shown in previous research. In this study, in addition to the phytochemical study of hydro–alcoholic extract o MoreColocynth with the scientific name of Citrullus colocynthis L. is one of the plants that it's anti–oxidant and anti–diabetic effects has been shown in previous research. In this study, in addition to the phytochemical study of hydro–alcoholic extract of Colocynth, its anti–oxidant and inhibitory effects on the production of amyloid nanobiofibrils from bovine serum albumin as a model protein have been investigated. The fruit of the plant was collected from the desert areas around Qom in the fall of 2017, dried and then extracted by maaceration method. Analysis of secondary compounds of the extract was performed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and the amount of its most important compounds including citrulline and citronellol was obtained by HPLC. The antioxidant activity of the extract was evaluated using DPPH method and then the amyloid fibrils were prepared in the test tube at high temperature and low pH and electron microscope imaging was used to confirm the presence of the fibrils. Congored spectroscopy was used to investigate the inhibitory effects on the production of amyloid fibrils. The results showed that methyl beta-galactopyranoside and beta-diglucopyranoside with 29.51% and 6.31% respectively, were the most abundant chemical compounds and tetradcanoic acid with 16.31% and then octa and hexadecanoic acid with respectively 14.11% and 10.94% were the most compounds found in the extract. The levels of citrulline and citronellol in the extract were 0.0041 and 0.013 mg, respectively. The highest anti–oxidant activity was in the concentration of 10 mg/ml of the extract with 71.5% and the highest inhibition of production of amyloid fibers in the concentration of 1 mg/ml and 99% were seen. Colocynth extract with the presence of potent anti–oxidant compounds and its inhibitory effects on the production of amyloid fibrils, will be very useful in preventing and reducing the incidence of Alzheimer's disease. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
37 - Explaining the Resilience of Cities Against Infectious Diseases (Covid-19) (The Case Study of Zanjan)
mohamad taghi heydari mohammad rasoli sharareh saidpourThe growing trend of urbanization in the years after the Industrial Revolution reduced the capacity of cities to meet the needs of citizens and their capabilities. In this regard, the occurrence of unexpected events such as the Corona outbreak has raised the need to mea MoreThe growing trend of urbanization in the years after the Industrial Revolution reduced the capacity of cities to meet the needs of citizens and their capabilities. In this regard, the occurrence of unexpected events such as the Corona outbreak has raised the need to measure the flexibility of cities to establish a proportion between the container and the urban content. Although the outbreak of Corona is an unexpected event, in recent years cities have been warned through SARS that human society in general and cities, in particular, should adopt policies against events such as high-prevalence infectious diseases, but so far the issue of infectious diseases in cities has not been addressed, so when cities face such incidents, more confusion and disability are displayed. The present study aims to identify cities against infectious diseases, identify all the effects that infectious diseases can have on cities, and finally provide the best coping strategies. For this purpose, the documentary-field method has been used to collect information and for analysis and evaluation, FEMA and FAAO techniques have been used and GIS has been used for graphical representation. The results of the research have shown that; closure of small businesses, the inability of the poor to provide for their livelihoods, loss of socio-spatial justice in the distribution and use of services, adverse psychological effects on citizens at risk of disease, and reverse effects of public transportation on disease, scarcity, and hoarding of food-therapy, closure and suspension of educational activities, the disorder of urban management institutions to deal with the Covid-19, reverse effect of congestion growth against the infectious disease, have been the most important effects of infectious disease on cities, in this regard, actions to control and resilience of the city before and after failure have been presented. The obtained results have been proved to be successful. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
38 - Prevalence of infectious diseases in Bushehr port during the constitutional period
zahra morovati AliAkbar khedrizadehThe people of the port of Bushehr suffered from a wide range of infectious diseases during the turbulent days of the constitution. The prevalence of these diseases was one of the social realities of the Qajar era. In contrast to the existing traditional infrastructure, MoreThe people of the port of Bushehr suffered from a wide range of infectious diseases during the turbulent days of the constitution. The prevalence of these diseases was one of the social realities of the Qajar era. In contrast to the existing traditional infrastructure, little effective treatment had little effect on reducing mortality. This article shows the prevalence of these diseases in Bushehr port based on the contents of press, archival documents and historical sources using the method of historical research based on description and analysis. The present study aims to investigate the types of infectious diseases and the factors affecting its prevalence in Bushehr. This study seeks to answer the question that the prevalence of various infectious diseases in Bandar Bushehr has been influenced by what factors? Numerous factors such as lack of attention of port people to personal and social health, lack of safe drinking water, improper burial of patients and improper performance of government officials in the face of diseases, are important factors in the prevalence of infectious diseases in this it is closed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
39 - The effecte of eight weeks of resistance training with royal jelly on the pathaphysiological changes in the hippocampal tissue of Alzheimer's rats
Leila Mokhtari Tahereh Bagherpour Nematollah NematiAbstract Introduction: Oxidative stress plays role in the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD).exercise and antioxidants on neuronal health have effect . the effect of eight weeks of resistance training (RT) along with royal jelly (RJ) on Malondialdehyde (MDA) MoreAbstract Introduction: Oxidative stress plays role in the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD).exercise and antioxidants on neuronal health have effect . the effect of eight weeks of resistance training (RT) along with royal jelly (RJ) on Malondialdehyde (MDA), Protein Carbonylate (PC) and the pathological changes in the hippocampal tissue of Alzheimer's rats treated with trimethyltin (TMT)has been determined. Methods: In this experimental study, 42 male Sprague-Dawley rats treated with 8 mg/kg TMT were divided into TMT, Sham, RJ100, RJ200, RT, RT+RJ100 and RT+RJ200 groups. Supplemental groups received RJ with doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg/day as peritoneal injection, and the increasing RT protocol was performed for 8 weeks, 3 sessions a week with an intensity of 30 to 100% of the weight. Results: MDA, PC in TMT group were significantly higher than HC group. But MDA and PC in RT+RJ200 group were lower than TMT group (P≤0.05). Also, PC in RT group was significantly lower than TMT. MDA in RJ200 group were lower than TMT; PC values in RJ100 group was significantly lower than TMT (P≤0.05). The reducing effect of PC in RJ100 group was more favorable than RJ200 (P≤0.05). Also, the effect of reducing MDA in the RT+RJ200 group was more favorable than the RT+RJ100 group (P≤0.05). Conclusion:the resistance training and royal jelly have favorable effects on reducing oxidative stress. the simultaneous effect of these two interventions, especially with a higher dose, has a more favorable effect on reducing oxidative stress in the hippocampus tissue in AD modeling conditions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
40 - بررسی اثر عصاره گیاه بابونه بر اختلالات حرکتی در مدل حیوانی پارکینسونی
شهربانو عالمی رستمی مریم رفیعی رادمینه وهدف: بیماری پارکینسون نوعی تحلیل در سیستم عصبی است که با اختلالات حرکتی متعددی شناخته میشود. عواملی از قبیل استرس اکسیداتیو از مهمترین علل دژنراسیون نورونهای دوپامینرژیکی جسم سیاه و ایجاد پارکینسون به شمار می روند. بنابراین داروهایی که دارای عمل آنت ی اکسیدانی Moreمینه وهدف: بیماری پارکینسون نوعی تحلیل در سیستم عصبی است که با اختلالات حرکتی متعددی شناخته میشود. عواملی از قبیل استرس اکسیداتیو از مهمترین علل دژنراسیون نورونهای دوپامینرژیکی جسم سیاه و ایجاد پارکینسون به شمار می روند. بنابراین داروهایی که دارای عمل آنت ی اکسیدانی م ی باشند، می توانند ب ه عنوان هدف جالب توجهی برای درمان اختلالات حرکتی پارکینسون باشند . بابونه منبع طبیعی آنتی اکسیدان است. مواد و روش ها: در این مطالعه از 50 سر موش صحرایی نر بالغ استفادهگردید که بهطور تصادفی به گروههای 10تایی کنترل، پارکینسونی، و سه گروه پارکینسونی که روزانه یکبار به مدت 14روز به ترتیب دوزهای mg/kg10،25و 50 عصاره گل بابونه را به روش گاواژ دریافت نمودند، تقسیم شدند. بیماری پارکینسون با تزریق 8میکروگرم سم عصبی 6_هیدروکسی دوپامین (6-OHDA) در 2میکرولیتر سالین دارای 1% اسید اسکوربیک درون دسته میانی_قدامی (MFB)نیمکره چپ مغز موشها القاء شد. نتایج به صورت میانگین و انحراف از معیار( mean± SEM)، آنالیز و واریانس یک طرفه و تست پشتیبان TUKEY ارائه شدند. یافته ها: ضایعه در MFB سمت چپ مغز با 6-OHDA موجبگردید تا 14 روز بعد از ضایعه حیوانات متعاقب تجویز زیرجلدی mg/kg 5/2 آپومورفین در جهت راست به میزان 10< دور در دقیقه چرخش 360 درجه داشته باشند و نیز در تستهای حرکتی (حفظ تعادل، بیحرکتی و طول قدم) نسبت به گروه کنترل اختلاف معنیداری را نشان دادند. درمان حیوانات پارکینسونی با دوزهای مختلف عصاره گل بابونه در مقایسه با گروه پارکینسونی بدون درمان، موجب بهبودی معنیدار فعالیتهای حرکتی گردید و دوز mg/kg10 و 50 بیشترین اثرات درمانی را نشان دادند. توصیه های کاربردی/صنعتی: عصاره گل بابونه احتمالا ًبهدلیل خاصیت آنتیاکسیدانی قوی و تداخل با فعالیت گیرندههای مسیرهای حرکتی میتواند جهت بهبود و کاهش اختلالات حرکتی پارکینسون مورد استفاده قرار گیرد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
41 - Jurisprudential study of "objective obligation and sufficiency of Hajj" in the context of the Corona epidemic
Azam Ramezani AbbasAli Heydari Mahmoud GhaumzadehThe massive annual gathering of Muslims from all over the world to perform the Hajj is the largest religious ceremony in the world. There is not much knowledge about its origin, but it has affected human life on a large scale. Due to the necessity of Hajj and the import MoreThe massive annual gathering of Muslims from all over the world to perform the Hajj is the largest religious ceremony in the world. There is not much knowledge about its origin, but it has affected human life on a large scale. Due to the necessity of Hajj and the importance of not leaving the Kaaba empty of pilgrims, the ruling on the existence or provision of a means as a condition for the obligation of Hajj is not very clear for the obligees. This has been the case; therefore, the study of "Analysis of the explanation of the global corona epidemic and its effect on the Hajj with a jurisprudential approach" which is an emerging disease is an issue that needs to be explored until a worthwhile response stage. Lack of security in the field of health in the land of revelation and the path leading to it to perform Hajj rituals, will make the obligated people unable to afford it and ultimately Hajj will not be obligatory for them. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
42 - Motor Signal Intelligent Processing in Huntington Disease Diagnosis
Mohammad Karimi Moridani Soroor Behbahani Sepeideh Asadikia -
Open Access Article
43 - A Denoising Autoencoder Stacked Deep Learning Method for Clinical Trial Enrichment and Design Applied to Alzheimer’s Disease
Aref Safari -
Open Access Article
44 - High resolution melting (HRM) curve analysis for rapidly and accurate determination of Salmonella spp. with invA gene
hasan Nili seyed ali ghorashi Habibollah Dadras mohammad Sadegh SaeiabadiBackground & Objectives: Salmonellosis is an infectious and common disease between humans and animals that is caused by different strains of Salmonella. Progress in molecular diagnostic methods, has led to accurate and easy detection and characterization of food mic MoreBackground & Objectives: Salmonellosis is an infectious and common disease between humans and animals that is caused by different strains of Salmonella. Progress in molecular diagnostic methods, has led to accurate and easy detection and characterization of food microbial agent. The purpose of this research was to use HRM technique to access more accurate and rapid diagnosis of Salmonella bacteria by means of invA gene. Material & Methods: In this study, diagnosis of Salmonella was done by polymerase chain reaction and high resolution melting curve ( PCR-HRM) using the sequence on invasion A gene (invA) as a marker. In total 9 Salmonella reference strains using a specific primer pair of genes invA were used to detect Salmonella. Results: The expected size of PCR amplified fragments of invA gene was determined as 284bp. All tested strains were able to show a Salmonella specific melting curve with high resolution at thermal interval of 87.8-87.9°C. Conclusion: The results showed that HRM using specific primers of invA gene can be used as an accurate and reliable technique for diagnosis Genus of Salmonella. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
45 - Detection of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis by Nested PCR in dairy cattles suspected to john’s disease
Abbas Doosti Saadat MoshkelaniBackgorund and Objectives: Johne’s disease is a chronic intestinal disease of domestic and wild ruminants that is caused by Mycobacterium paratuberculosis. So that Mycobacterium paratuberculosis is a widespread zoonotic disease, necessary to use prevention and con MoreBackgorund and Objectives: Johne’s disease is a chronic intestinal disease of domestic and wild ruminants that is caused by Mycobacterium paratuberculosis. So that Mycobacterium paratuberculosis is a widespread zoonotic disease, necessary to use prevention and control methods to eliminate this agent matter needs the attention of corresponding managers. The aim of this study is base on use of Nested PCR as an accurate and rapid method to detection of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis bovine feces. Material and Methods: Fecal samples from 120 dairy cattle were collected and DNA extraction was performed from the samples. Then, samples were evaluated with specific primers for the Mycobacterium paratuberculosis-specific IS900 gene by Nested-PCR assay. Finally, PCR products were electrophoresis on agarose gel. Results: In total, from 120 samples were enrolled in this study, 22 specimen (18.33%) were found positive on the basis of Nested-PCR analysis. Conclusion: Nested PCR technique is considered as a fast, reliable and affordable assay to detect Mycobacterium paratuberculosis. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
46 - A Model of Coronavirus Pandemic Spread with Lockdown and Quarantine
Dejen Mamo -
Open Access Article
47 - Pharmaceutical Uses of Coriander (Coriandrum sativum) for Neuropsychological Disorders
HOSSEIN ALI ASADI-GHARNEH HOSSEIN ALI ASADI-GHARNEH -
Open Access Article
48 - The Effect of Treadmill Exercise and Curcumin on Catalepsy Reserpine-induced Parkinsonian Male Rat Models
R. Mohammadi رامش احمدی AhmadiParkinson’s disease (PD) is the most common neurologically based movement disorder, clinically diagnosed by the presence of bradykinesia, postural instability, resting tremor and rigidity. Curcumin is a natural polyphenol derived from turmeric that has a neuroprotective MoreParkinson’s disease (PD) is the most common neurologically based movement disorder, clinically diagnosed by the presence of bradykinesia, postural instability, resting tremor and rigidity. Curcumin is a natural polyphenol derived from turmeric that has a neuroprotective role in many neuronal degenerative disorders. Studies indicate that exercise may have beneficial effects on neurodegenerative disorders. Therefore, in the present study, we evaluated the effects of curcumin together with treadmill running on animal model of PD. In this study, 48 Wistar rats were divided in 8 groups (control, curcumin, exercise, Parkinson's disease, Parkinson's disease+ curcumin, Parkinson's disease+ curcumin + exercise, Parkinson's disease+ exercise and curcumin + exercise).Parkinson's disease was induced by injection of reserpine (1mg/kg, i.p) for 2days. The bar-test was used to measure cataleptic symptoms. Each of animals in the curcumin groups was given injection of curcumin (50 mg/kg, i.p) for 21 days. All animals in the exercise group were forced to run on a motorized treadmill (24 m/min for 20 min, 5 day/week), for 3 week. SPSS software was used for analyzing data by using of analysis of variance that it was performed at a significance level of p≤0.05. Catalepsy had no significant difference between the group of curcumin + Parkinson's disease+ exercise and Parkinson's disease+ curcumin and Parkinson's disease+ exercise. curcumin can reduce catalepsy induced by reserpine in male rat's model of Parkinson's disease. But its reducing effect isn't as effect of exercise. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
49 - The Neuroprotective Effect of Xanthone and 6-Hydroxyflavone in the Model of Parkinson's Disease Induced by 6-Hydroxydopamine in Laboratory Mice: Behavioral Evaluations
Mahshid Attari Maryam Khosravi Ramin Hajikhani Maryam Bananaj Jalal SolatiOxidative stress and neuroinflammation play a role in Parkinson's disease. Antioxidants and anti-inflammatories such as polyphenol compounds and flavonoids inhibit neuronal death. The aim of the present study is the effect of xanthone and 6-hydroxyflavone in Parkinson's MoreOxidative stress and neuroinflammation play a role in Parkinson's disease. Antioxidants and anti-inflammatories such as polyphenol compounds and flavonoids inhibit neuronal death. The aim of the present study is the effect of xanthone and 6-hydroxyflavone in Parkinson's disease in laboratory mice. Animals are cannulated by stereotaxic surgery and unilateral injection of 6-hydroxy-dopamine is performed in the dense area of the substantia nigra (SNc) of the brain. Xanthone and 6-hydroxyflavone were injected intraperitoneally. Three weeks after surgery, movement evaluations and pseudo-anxiety and pseudo-depression behaviors were performed. Counting of all the neurons in the dense area of the substantia nigra was done. Injection of 6-hydroxydopamine increased the number of apomorphine rotations. Catalysis time increased. Neurons in the substantia nigra decreased. 6-Hydroxyflavone (50 and 100 mg/kg) and xanthone (100 and 200 mg/kg) reduced vertigo and catalepsy. In the elevated plus shape maze test, 6-hydroxyflavone in doses of 25 and 50 mg/kg and xanthone in doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg increased motor activity. In the forced swimming test, xanthone in doses of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg reduced immobility in parkinsonian rats. The number of substantia nigra neurons increased with the treatment of 6-hydroxyflavone in doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg xanthone. Xanthone and 6-hydroxyflavone improved movement disorder and catalepsy and increased the number of nerve cells in the substantia nigra. Xanthon was able to reduce depression. Probably, part of these central protective effects are mediated by the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of xanthone and 6-hydroxyflavone, which prevent cell death by reducing free radicals and inflammatory cytokines, and as a result, they improve cognitive and movement disorders. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
50 - Evaluating the Effect of Salvia Macilenta Extract on CREB Protein Level and Acetylcholine Esterase Activity in the Brain of Alzheimer’s Disease in Male Rats
Shabnam Taheri Hooman Shajiee Ghorbangol Ashabi Soolmaz KhalifehAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease leading to dementia. There are many studies to find the pretreatment and treating drugs in AD. The neuroprotective role of Salvia genus against neuronal death is well known. In this study, the protective role MoreAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease leading to dementia. There are many studies to find the pretreatment and treating drugs in AD. The neuroprotective role of Salvia genus against neuronal death is well known. In this study, the protective role of Salvia macilenta (S. macilenta) extract on AD was investigated. Rats were gavaged by S. macilenta for 10 days. Then, they were injected by Amyloid beta. The molecular level of Ca2+/cAMP response element binding (CREB), and acetylcholine esterase activity were evaluated in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. Our results revealed that S. macilenta pretreatment can improve CREB phosphorylation compared to AD model in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus (both P<0.001). Pretreatment with S. macilenta reduced percentage of acetylcholine esterase activity compared to AD model in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus (P<0.001 and P<0.01, respectively). S. macilenta has a protective role against amyloid beta-induced toxicity through enhancement of CREB and regulation of the acetylcholine esterase activity that can be a dominant potential candidate in improving AD. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
51 - The Effect of Endurance Training Before Induction of Alzheimers on Learning Memory and the Changes in Hippocampal Gamma-secretasein Male Wistar Rats
Sajjad Rajabi Amiri Alireza Barari Ahmad AbdiThis study aimed to investigate the effect of endurance training before induction of Alzheimers on learning, Memory and changes in the hippocampal gamma-secretase in male Wistar rats. For this purpose, 32 8-week-old mature male rats with the avergae weight of 250& MoreThis study aimed to investigate the effect of endurance training before induction of Alzheimers on learning, Memory and changes in the hippocampal gamma-secretase in male Wistar rats. For this purpose, 32 8-week-old mature male rats with the avergae weight of 250±17g were randomly divided into two groups of rest (16) and exercise (16) beore Alzheimers induction. After 4 weeks (two 15-min intervals with the speed of 10 m/min in first and second weeks, three 15-min intervals with the speed of 15 m/min in the third week,and four 15-min intervals with the speed of 15 m/min in the fourth week, with 5-min stops), each group was divided into two subgroups: 1. Amyloid beta injection, and 2. no injection. After 72 hours, the animals were killed and their hippocampus was removed. The changes of gamma secretase were measured by Real Time PCR and the obtaiend data analyzed by one-way ANOVA. Morris learning and memory test revealed a significant difference between the time elapsed for finding the platform in different groups on the second (p = 0.001, F = 10.758), third (p ≥ 0.001, p = 0.0057) and the fourth days (p = 0.001, F = 4.846). The time elapsed for finding the platform in the rest-injection group Aβ1-42 was significantly longer than the other gorups on all days (p ≥ 0.001). The results of probe test for spatial memory showed that the time spent in the quadrant of the target circle was significantly different for different groups (p = 0.001, F = 9.25). Also, gamma secretase was significantly decreased in the exercise group compared to rest group after Alzheimers induction (p = 0.001). Aerobic exercise before Alzheimers induction leads to a decrease in gamma-secretase and increase in learning and Memory, and it may lead to hyppocampal plasticity that brings about cognitive and functional benefits. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
52 - Comparative Effect of Timolol and Methanolic Extract of Zataria multiflora with Vitamin E on APO E Gene Expression and Behavioral and Biochemical Changes in Alzheimer's Rats
Samira Homayoun Pour Maryam Bananej Maryam Khosravi Hengameh AlibeikAlzheimer's Disease is the most common form of dementia, characterized by memory and cognitive deficits. Vitamin E, as an antioxidant, plays an important role in reviving free radicals and converting them into safe substances by giving hydrogen. Shirazi thyme (Zataria m MoreAlzheimer's Disease is the most common form of dementia, characterized by memory and cognitive deficits. Vitamin E, as an antioxidant, plays an important role in reviving free radicals and converting them into safe substances by giving hydrogen. Shirazi thyme (Zataria multiflora) has antibacterial, antifungal and antioxidant properties. The aim of this study is the comparative effect of timolol with methanol extract of Zataria multiflora with vitamin E on Alzheimer's disease in male Wistar rats. 40 male Wistar rats weighing approximately 200 grams were randomly divided into 5 groups of eight. Beta-amyloid 42 was used to induce Alzheimer's disease. Then, methanolic and timolol extracts were extracted from Zataria multiflora. The level of Apo E gene expression was evaluated by Real Time PCR and TC, LDL and HD biochemical factors. The expression of Apo E gene in the experimental groups increased significantly compared to the Alzheimer's group. The expression of this gene was decreased in the sham group compared to the control group. The group of Alzheimer's mice had a significant increase in total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) serum levels, and the level of HDL showed a significant decrease compared to the control group. Timolol, m ethanolic extract of Zataria multiflora and vitamin E have positive effects on the expression of APOA E gene in leukocytes. On the other hand, with a significant effect on HDL, the methanolic extract of Zataria multiflora can be used as an effective product to prevent and reduce the complications of Alzheimer's disease. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
53 - The Pycnogenol Improves Motor Function and Anxiety Behavior in 6-hydroaydoamine (6-OHDA)-induced Experimental Model of Parkinson’s Disease in NMRI Male Mice
Farajollah Jafari Mahdi Goudarzvand Ramin Hajikhani Mostafa Qorbani Jalal SolatiConsidering the role of oxidants in the pathogenesis of this disease, in this study, the effect of pycnogenol as an antioxidant on the improvement of motor function and anxiety behavior in the experimental model of Parkinson’s disease were assessed. Forty male NMR MoreConsidering the role of oxidants in the pathogenesis of this disease, in this study, the effect of pycnogenol as an antioxidant on the improvement of motor function and anxiety behavior in the experimental model of Parkinson’s disease were assessed. Forty male NMRI mice were randomly divided into five groups (n=8 in each group): The control (saline) unilaterally received 3 μl of normal saline solution containing 0.1% ascorbic acid, as a solvent of 6-hydroxy dopamine (6-OHDA), into the left strianum. The treatment group received 6-OHDA toxin containing 1% ascorbic acid at a rate of 3 µg/µl in the left striatum and then received the distilled water, as pycnogenol solvent, via gavage for 7 days (the lesion group). The pycnogenol-treated groups received pycnogenol at doses of 10, 20, and 30 mg/kg via gavage for 7 days. The animals were stereotaxically operated to inject 6-OHDA toxin into the left striatum. Seven days after induction of Parkinson’s model, apomorphine was intraperitoneally used at dose of 0.5 mg/kg and the number of rotation of the animals was measured to confirm the damage to neurons in the striatum. Besides, the catalepsy or muscle stiffness by the bar test and the anxiety behavior by the plus maze test (EPM) were measured. The total number of rotations in apomorphine test showed a significant decrease in the groups receiving pycnogenol. Moreover, administration of pycnogenol significantly reduced catalepsy in pycnogenol-treated groups. The result of the anxiety behavior test demonstrated that the percentage of open arm time (OAT) and the number of open and close arm entries, as an indicator of the animal’s locomotor activity, significantly increased in the pycnogenol-treated groups. Pycnogenol with its antioxidant effect ameliorates movement deficit and reduces anxiety behavior in animal model of Parkinson’s disease.. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
54 - The Comparison Study of TNF-α Level in Serum and Brain Tissue in Wistar Alzheimer's Rats Treated with Probiotic Lactobacillus and Bifidobacter Strains
Bahareh Jamalzadeh Posht Mesari Maryam Ghobeh Parichehr Yaghmaee Hanieh JafaryAlzheimer's disease is a type of brain dysfunction that gradually weakens the patient's mental abilities. Numerous studies have shown that inflammatory mechanisms also play a key role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. In this regard, targeting TNF-α usin MoreAlzheimer's disease is a type of brain dysfunction that gradually weakens the patient's mental abilities. Numerous studies have shown that inflammatory mechanisms also play a key role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. In this regard, targeting TNF-α using its inhibitors can be an effective therapeutic strategy in controlling and treating such diseases. The purpose of this study was a comparison study of TNF-α levels in blood serum and brain tissue in Wistar Alzheimer ҆s rats treated with probiotic Lactobacillus and Bifidobacter strains by ELISA. The number of amyloid plaques was also counted. For this purpose, 30 adults male Wistar rats were randomly distributed to 5 groups as follows (n = 6): The control group included animals receiving normal water; the Alzheimer's group who underwent surgery and became Alzheimer 's-induced by injection of beta-amyloid; Sham group who underwent surgery and was injected with water (beta-amyloid solvent); two experimental groups who underwent Alzheimer's surgery with beta-amyloid injection and each group received probiotic strains Limosilactobacillus reuteri and Bifidobacterium longum separately at a dose of 2.5 × 109 CFU at 0.5 CC by gavage for one month. The results demonstrated that both strains, especially Bifidobacterium longum, were able to significantly (p < 0.001) reduce the amount of TNF-α in brain tissue and blood serum compared to the Alzheimer's group. Also, both strains, especially strain Bifidobacterium longum, showed notable capability of inhibiting amyloid plaques. Therefore, it seems that two probiotic strains Limosilactobacillus reuteri and Bifidobacterium longum can be good candidates to reduce the level of TNF-α in both blood serum and brain tissue and also the number of amyloid plaques in Alzheimer's-induced rats. . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
55 - The Effect of Cineole on Biochemical, Behavioral and Histological Parameters in Alzheimer’s Male Wistar Rat Model
Elnaz Khameneh Parichehreh Yaghmaei Maryam GhobehThe Alzheimer’s disease is one of the neurodegenerative diseases affecting many individuals around the world with no definitive cure. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of cineole, as a natural antioxidant, on the behavioral, biochemical, and hist MoreThe Alzheimer’s disease is one of the neurodegenerative diseases affecting many individuals around the world with no definitive cure. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of cineole, as a natural antioxidant, on the behavioral, biochemical, and histological symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease in Wistar rats. Thirty-six male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to six groups. The control group underwent any surgery with no special treatment. The other groups underwent surgery and were assigned to four beta-amyloid groups: one group receiving PBS (beta-amyloid solvent); the sham group was treated with tween 80 (cineole solvent) and the two experimental groups were treated with cineole at 0.02 and 0.04 mg/kg doses. The control group, the Alzheimer’s group and the PBS group did not receive any treatments. Finally, behavioral (Shuttle box), biochemical (malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase, TNF-α) and histological parameters (H&E and Thioflavine S staining) were investigated. In Alzheimer’s-induced rats, the time it took for the rats to go to the dark part of the shuttle box was significantly (p < 0.001) shorter than that of the control group. The levels of malondialdehyde and TNF-α in these rats were significantly increased and the level of superoxide dismutase was significantly decreased compared to the control group (p < 0.001). Furthermore, histological studies showed that in Alzheimer’s-induced rats, neuronal cell death occurred extensively in the hippocampus and amyloid plaques increased. Treatment of rats with cineole improved all of the investigated parameters significantly in a dose-dependent manner. Cineole may be used as a suitable natural antioxidant to treat Alzheimer’s disease and reduce its symptoms, requiring further research. . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
56 - The Effect of Cinnamon Extract (Cinnamum zeylanicum) on Catalepsy in Male Mice Model of Parkinson's Disease
M. Mohammad Ali Mansouri A.A. Moazedi G.A. ParhamCatalepsy or muscle rigidity is a neurological disease characterized by muscle stiffness or rigidity of muscles, organs decreased sensitivity to pain and stability regardless of external stimuli-known and one of the main symptoms of Parkinson's disease is considered. Du MoreCatalepsy or muscle rigidity is a neurological disease characterized by muscle stiffness or rigidity of muscles, organs decreased sensitivity to pain and stability regardless of external stimuli-known and one of the main symptoms of Parkinson's disease is considered. Due to the increasing levels of acetylcholine in the brain, treatment is focused on the use of muscarinic receptor antagonists. Despite relieve the symptoms, there are severe side effects. In this study, the effect of cinnamon extract on catalepsy in mice model of Parkinson's disease was conducted. Overall, 70 male mice (30 ± 2 g) were randomly divided into seven groups: control group, rotenone solvent, rotenone group and 4 groups of rotenone, subsequent doses 100, 200, 400 and 600 mg/kg cinnamon extract. To create models of Parkinson's disease, rotenone (2 mg/kg/ 48 h) was administered for 19 d and creating models of Parkinson's disease was evaluated. After verification of the model, different doses of cinnamon for 20 d (every 48 h) were injected intraperitoneally (IP). The effects of cinnamon extract on catalepsy was compared with other groups and the results were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey test. PP<0.05). Cinnamon could reduce catalepsy in mice models of Parkinson's disease, probably due to antioxidant compounds and flavonoids and the impact of these compounds on the nervous system. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
57 - Comparing the Components between Parkinson's Disease Model in the Male Mice Induced by Rotenone
Mohammad Mohammad Ali Mansouri Ahmad Ali Moazedi Gholam Ali ParhamParkinson's disease (PD) is considered as a movement disorder, and its diagnosis is based on the presence of a set of cardinal motor symptoms. Since the pathogenesis of PD is not well understood today, the importance of the use of animal models to better understand PD a MoreParkinson's disease (PD) is considered as a movement disorder, and its diagnosis is based on the presence of a set of cardinal motor symptoms. Since the pathogenesis of PD is not well understood today, the importance of the use of animal models to better understand PD and its cure is discovered. We aimed to provide new evidence on the comparison effect of rotenone on the components of PD. Thirty male mice (30±2 gr) were randomly divided into 3 groups; control group, rotenone solvent group, and rotenone group (ROT). ROT was treated with rotenone injections (2 mg/kg/48 h) for 19 days. Thus, the components of balance, movement, muscle rigidity and muscle strength tested by rotarod, open-field, and triple horizontal bar, and save testing data to evaluate and compare the effects of rotenone on these components. Component of muscle strength in all groups affected more than other components (P<0.05). In the next degree of balance, movement and muscle rigidity were affected. Rotenone could affect components of PD model which improved muscle strength component and was better than that of the other components. Probably this subject, including the main features of rotenone creates an experimental model of Parkinson's disease. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
58 - Effect of Ellagic Acid on Motor and Memory Disorders induced by 6-OHDA in Male Rats
Z. Eydipour M. RafieiradParkinson's disease is a prevalent neuropathological disorder induced due to the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the dense part of substantia nigra. Oxidative stress is regarded as the main factor of this disease that causes death of neurons. Considering the pro MoreParkinson's disease is a prevalent neuropathological disorder induced due to the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the dense part of substantia nigra. Oxidative stress is regarded as the main factor of this disease that causes death of neurons. Considering the protective antioxidative property of ellagic acid, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of ellagic acid on motor disorders and memory of animal model of Parkinson's disease. Forty male rats were divided into 5 groups. To create an animal model, the rats received 6-OHDA neural poison with dose of 8 µg in 2 µl of normal saline solution with 0.01% of ascorbic acid inside medial forebrain bundle (MFB) on the left side of the brain. The treatment groups received ellagic acid with doses of 10, 25, and 50 mg/kg for 14 d as gastric gavage and tests were conducted on the rats one day after the last gavage. Ellagic acid improves motor and memory disorders motor disorders and memory resulting from Parkinson's disease particularly at doses 50 mg/kg. Considering the present findings, ellagic acid has a protective effect on 6-OHDA in the experimental model of Parkinson's disease. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
59 - Effect of nucleotides administration on growth and infectious disease resistance in aquatic animals
Habib Sarsangi Aliabad Recently, the use of dietary nucleotides has mentioned in aquaculture, due to improvement in immune system, increasing growth parameters and absorption in the intestine. In general, nucleotides nearly, affect all cellular processes and play an important rol More Recently, the use of dietary nucleotides has mentioned in aquaculture, due to improvement in immune system, increasing growth parameters and absorption in the intestine. In general, nucleotides nearly, affect all cellular processes and play an important role in structural and regulatory functions of the body. Nucleotides continuously are synthesis, degradation and recycling in the cell. The immune system cell such as lymphocytes, red blood cells, hematopoietic cells and intestinal mucosa due to rapid metabolism and fast reaction, also need to high level of nucleotide, have a very limited capacity for nucleotide synthesis. In these cells, exogenous nucleotide administration, is very important for normal functions. Over the past two decades, use of nucleotides in diets has been examined for improving the immune system against viruses, bacteria and parasites, liver function, increased levels of absorption in the intestine and growth, fat and protein metabolism, biochemical and physiological functions and improve the stress response in marine animals. In addition, these compounds are important to energy transmission. Their effect on maturation, activation and phagocytosis of macrophages in humans and animals have been reported. There is a little information about their physiological functions in fish and more research is needed in this area. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
60 - An investigation into the effect of Morus nigra L. leaf extract on Parkinson’s disease symptoms and oxidative stress markers in male rats
فریبرز Moayer آریا Badiei A.R SHaghayegh فرهاد Mosa khani Parkinson,s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder.in this disease activity of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and dopamine level in the striatum.there is much evidence in effect bof oxidative stress as pathogen agents of parkinson More Parkinson,s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder.in this disease activity of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and dopamine level in the striatum.there is much evidence in effect bof oxidative stress as pathogen agents of parkinson,s disease progression.angiotensin II activates NADPH depending oxidases and produce superoxides formation.morus nigar L.extract shows good angiotensin converting enzyme(ACE) inhibitory effects,in vitro.the aim of this study is to study the antioxidant effects of morus nigar L.leaf extract on parkinson,s disease symptoms and oxidative stress markers.48 male rats divided randomly into four groups(n=12 each):1) sham,(2) toxin, (3) captopril, (4) treatment.rate in sham group were used as normal controls.rats in toxin group were injected with 6-OHDA. captopril group were injected i.p. with captopril (5mg/kg) daily 6 days before and 4 &24 hrs after the injection of 6-OHDA and treatment group were injected i.p. with morus nigra L.(10mg/kg) extract daily 6 days before the injection of 6-OHDA in the substantia nigra and 4 &24 hrs after it.muscle stiffness,rotation test and histological test were assessed in 6 rats of any groups after 2 weeks.protein oxidation,lipid peroxidation and ACE activity were assessed in brain in 6 rats of any groups 24 hrs,after the 6-OHDA injection.the results suggested that the use of aqueous extract of morus nigra can be useful in reduction of parkinson,s disease symptoms and reduce oxidative stress markers and dopaminergic neuronal death. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
61 - Predicting the severity of anxiety in Coronavirus disease based on anxiety sensitivity and intolerance of uncertainty
Azam Ghorani Eshtelagh Sofla Sahar Torabi Zonouz Majid Mahmoud Alilou Razieh PakVarious psychological vulnerabilities such as uncertainty, perceived vulnerability to disease, psychological vulnerability background, anxiety, and worry can contribute to the fear of the coronavirus disease. One of these factors is anxiety sensitivity that refers to th MoreVarious psychological vulnerabilities such as uncertainty, perceived vulnerability to disease, psychological vulnerability background, anxiety, and worry can contribute to the fear of the coronavirus disease. One of these factors is anxiety sensitivity that refers to the fear of the feelings associated with anxiety arousal due to perceived physical, psychological, or social consequences. There is evidence that anxiety sensitivity plays an important role in the persistence and progression of anxiety symptoms in all anxiety disorders. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of anxiety sensitivity and uncertainty intolerance in predicting the severity of coronavirus disease anxiety. For this purpose, a descriptive correlational study was conducted on 128 volunteers assessed in terms of Covid-19 disease anxiety, anxiety sensitivity, and uncertainty intolerance. The results of multiple regression analysis showed the existence of a significant relationship between disease anxiety, anxiety sensitivity, and uncertainty intolerance (p <.001). The results of stepwise regression analysis showed that 30.1% of the variance of coronavirus disease anxiety was explainable by anxiety sensitivity and uncertainty intolerance. According to the results of this study, anxiety sensitivity and uncertainty intolerance can be considered appropriate predictors of coronavirus disease anxiety. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
62 - The necessity of the intervention, done by government, in generation prohibiting in Iran's legal System (Regarding the note of Article 23 of the Family Support Law)
saeedh Tamizkar Atefeh Abbasi , Maryam Sadat Mohaghegh DamadAccording to the Article note 23 of the Family Support Law approved in 2011, in the situation where a contagious and dangerous disease of the couple causes damage to the fetus, medical and educational care and supervision should lead to the prohibition of generation. Co MoreAccording to the Article note 23 of the Family Support Law approved in 2011, in the situation where a contagious and dangerous disease of the couple causes damage to the fetus, medical and educational care and supervision should lead to the prohibition of generation. Considering that any intervention of the government in the privacy of the family requires jurisprudential and legal justification; This article tries to answer this main question with descriptive analytical method: "What are the jurisprudential-legal arguments for the government's intervention in generation prohibiting? And what is the necessity of governmental intervention? ». The method of qualitative article is descriptive-analytical and the method of collecting data is library and through taking notes. reasons such as excessive economic, medical and health costs; public health threats; cultural problems; Generational risks and the decline of national authority are among the reasons that justify the need for government intervention. The jurisprudential legal basis of this necessity is to eliminate the conflict between the public interest and the family's privacy, which on the basis of an important rule, the public interest is prioritized and the prohibition of generation is justified. Manuscript profile
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