• List of Articles deviation

      • Open Access Article

        1 - Determining the appropriate mixture of renewable energy sources in order to reduce uncertainty
        Amir Ghaedi
        In recent years, the use of renewable energy sources to produce electricity in the power system has grown a lot. Compared to fossil fuels, these resources do not pollute the environment and there is no concern about their depletion. The problem of renewable energy sourc More
        In recent years, the use of renewable energy sources to produce electricity in the power system has grown a lot. Compared to fossil fuels, these resources do not pollute the environment and there is no concern about their depletion. The problem of renewable energy sources is that their production power is variable due to the changes of these sources. Accordingly, in order to reduce the uncertainty of the production capacity of renewable energy sources, it is tried to use these sources in a combined manner. In this article, a method is introduced to determine the appropriate combination of renewable energy sources in order to reduce the uncertainty of their production power. In this method, the average, standard deviation, and the histogram related to the production power of the hybrid structure are obtained, and based on this, a structure with less uncertainty is determined. The proposed method has been used to determine the appropriate structure of renewable units in Bushehr region. Manuscript profile
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        2 - Results on Generalization of Burch’s Inequality and the Depth of Rees Algebra and Associated Graded Rings of an Ideal with Respect to a Cohen-Macaulay Module
        محمد Tohidi Amir Mafi خدیجه Ahmadi
        Let be a local Cohen-Macaulay ring with infinite residue field, an Cohen - Macaulay module and an ideal of Consider and , respectively, the Rees Algebra and associated graded ring of , and denote by the analytic spread of Burch’s inequality says that and equality More
        Let be a local Cohen-Macaulay ring with infinite residue field, an Cohen - Macaulay module and an ideal of Consider and , respectively, the Rees Algebra and associated graded ring of , and denote by the analytic spread of Burch’s inequality says that and equality holds if is Cohen-Macaulay. Thus, in that case one can compute the depth of associated graded ring of as In this paper we extend results in case of rings and ideals to the case of modules and we show that for associated graded module of with respect to i.e, , such an equality is also valid when is not necessarily Cohen-Macaulay, and we extend Burch’s inequality to modules. Also, we compute the Rees Algebra and associated graded ring of generically complete intersection of an ideal with respect to module in local Cohen - Macaulay ring and we obtain positive results for ideals with analytic deviation less or equal than one and reduction number at most two with respect to module Manuscript profile
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        3 - The effect of underlying asset shocks on the Gold exchange traded funds’ pricing deviation
        mahdi shaerattar Akbar Mirzapour babajan
        10.30495/jfksa.2021.19254
        Gold exchange traded fund is one of the new financial instrumentss that underlying asset is gold and traded in the capital markets. This article examines the pricing deviation of the four gold funds on the Iran Mercantile Exchange from their underlying asset index. The More
        Gold exchange traded fund is one of the new financial instrumentss that underlying asset is gold and traded in the capital markets. This article examines the pricing deviation of the four gold funds on the Iran Mercantile Exchange from their underlying asset index. The main purpose of this study is investigate the effect of underlying asset shocks on the Gold exchange traded funds’ pricing deviation. In order to achieve this purpose, employed daily data of Emami Coin, Gold ETFs in Iran (Tala, Ayar, Zar, Gohar), Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) and Impulse Response Function (IRF). Results: The results shown that pricing deviation is stationarity and predictable. Therefore can be considered an implicit transaction cost an Gold ETF. The reason for the predictability of the pricing deviation stems from its stationarity and the specific price discovery processes for this asset class. Utilization of Impulse Response Function shown that the shock effect of the underlying asset was the same and do not persist for more than six trading days, Which indicates the relative pricing efficiency of these funds Manuscript profile
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        4 - The Role of Security in Social Deviations
        Abolghasem Heidarabadi Zahra Najafi
        Manuscript profile
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        5 - The survey of effective factors on Equity Valution in the Presence of Accounting Noise (Empirical Evidence using profit Margins) in the accepted companies in the Tehran Stock Exchange
        عباس طالب بیدختی سمیه علیشاهی
        The main purpose of is studying effective factors on equity valution in the presenceof accounting noise ( Empirical Evidence using profit Margins) in the acceptedcompanies in theTehran Stock Exchange. Dependent variables in the present research market priceper share and More
        The main purpose of is studying effective factors on equity valution in the presenceof accounting noise ( Empirical Evidence using profit Margins) in the acceptedcompanies in theTehran Stock Exchange. Dependent variables in the present research market priceper share and the independent variables are: the book values per share, measures ofprofit for per share, deviation of the profit measures per share, the differencebetween net profit and measures of profit for per share. The main hypothesis of thisstudy includes a main hypothesis and three sub-hypothesis. The studied period of thestudy is 1381 to 1386 years and selected pattern includes 69 companies. In order totest hypotheses, since the analysis of independent several variables are effective toexplain or the dependent variable changes, the multi-variable regression was used.The results of the main hypothesis suggests that the gross profit deviation, the profitdeviation before tax deduction and net profit deviation have a positive significanteffect on market prices, and operating profit per share doesn't significantly effect onmarket price per share, but among three profit standards deviation that have asignificant relation with the market price per share, just gross profit deviation embedsinto the optimum and the AEK model, when j = 4, is complete and is as following:P=2772.88 + 2.19 EPS4 +2.92 DIF4+2.03 S4+ 1.61 BPSAEK model indicates that accounting noise more likely occurs in the gross profitand this finding these noise and can be effective for price adjustment of market price.The results of sub-hypotheses indicate that the book value per share, measures ofprofit for per share, the difference between net profits and measures of profit per sharewith market price per share has a significant relation. Manuscript profile
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        6 - Evaluation of the opportunity cost in Jam Petrochemical Company Projects
        ابراهیم عباسی عیسی رستگار
        The purpose of this paper is evaluating of opportunity cost in jam petrochemicalprojects. The hypothesis of this research were investigated by using of Kolmogrov-Smirnov test ,Paired samples test and the Pierson correlation. The results due thestudy of 4 projects that w More
        The purpose of this paper is evaluating of opportunity cost in jam petrochemicalprojects. The hypothesis of this research were investigated by using of Kolmogrov-Smirnov test ,Paired samples test and the Pierson correlation. The results due thestudy of 4 projects that were started and finished during 2002-2006years demonstratedthat the real cost of all projects are over than their budgets. Also the opportunity costaverage of the projects are over than used expenditures. So the results demonstratedthat there is significant correlation among budget deviation , depreciation expense ,capital cost and opportunity profit with the opportunity cost. With study has beenconducted in JAM petrochemical companies projects can accept which reasonincrease of project's cost and tardiness is inexperience of internal contractor andnon-performance correct and complete map of project management Manuscript profile
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        7 - Sociological analysis on cultural poverty in repeating social deviations and jailed women's return to prison (women's central penitentiary, Arak, 2019)
        Houra kaykhosravi Alireza Kaldi Hosain Akhajani Mehrdad Navabakhsh
        10.30495/jisds.2007.21263
        Developing kinds of moral and behavioral deviations, which are caused by changes in social, cultural, familial, political and religious structure, provides the needs of committing crime in society. The aim of this research, is analyzing the backgrounds of committing cri More
        Developing kinds of moral and behavioral deviations, which are caused by changes in social, cultural, familial, political and religious structure, provides the needs of committing crime in society. The aim of this research, is analyzing the backgrounds of committing crime, strategies and their consequences, by women prisoners in central prison of Arak. For this purpose, using the grounded theory method and the technique of semi-structured interview, 14 women with the background of returning to prison, were interviewed deeply through purposeful sampling. After 10th interview, conceptual saturation was reached. The interview continued up to 14th person for peace of mind. The data categorized using Straus and Corbin paradigm model and then, its paradigm model was drawn. The results of research showed that Being bait and deceived, disagreement between couples, emotional divorce and unsuccessful marriage, are some reasons of deviation in this women. Social deviations of father, differential companion, parents' addiction and contrary, lack of emotion, being victim of rape and domestic violence, are effective factors of this deviation that follows strategies such as social deviation, inappropriate marriage, theft, divorce and out of custom relations. Some of consequences of these strategies are family disintegration, ethical and social anomalies and finally prison. Results showed that cultural poverty is the main factor of women's tendency to committing crime, being prisoned and repeating the same crimes and returning to prison. Manuscript profile
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        8 - The causes of Iranian violence and deviations of sport with a futuristic approach (Case study: Football)
        farshad jafarvandnou مهرداد نوابخش اکبر آفرینش خاکی
        10.30495/jisds.2022.47941.11071
        This social phenomenon has become an important part of live community activity today, but what is highlighted in this article is the tensions that exist between fans of different teams together or even in the field before, during and after exciting sports competitions. More
        This social phenomenon has become an important part of live community activity today, but what is highlighted in this article is the tensions that exist between fans of different teams together or even in the field before, during and after exciting sports competitions. It occurs by players and sometimes causes bitter events. The purpose of this study was to investigate the causes of sport violence and deviations in Iran using a futures research approach. In this research, using a mixed approach, factors are identified. Based on the interviews, effective factors have been identified which are: organizational factors, institutional factors, environmental factors and individual factors. According to the results, it can be stated that all questions related to variables have significant correlation coefficients with the present variables. The research model is confirmed by significant and fitting indices. According to the results, it can be concluded that organizational factors, institutional factors, environmental factors and individual factors affecting the causes of sport violence and deviations in the Faculty of Literature, Humanities and Social Sciences, Islamic Azad University. Science and Research Tehran. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        9 - Sociological Analysis of Cultural Poverty in the Repetition of Social Deviations and Return to Prison in Women Prisoners (Central Women's Repentance Center of Arak City in 2019)
        Houra Keykhosravi Alireza Kaldi Hossein Agajani Mersa'
        Developing kinds of moral and behavioral deviations, which are caused by changes in social, cultural, familial, political and religious structure, provides the needs of committing crime in society. The aim of this research, is analyzing the backgrounds of committing cri More
        Developing kinds of moral and behavioral deviations, which are caused by changes in social, cultural, familial, political and religious structure, provides the needs of committing crime in society. The aim of this research, is analyzing the backgrounds of committing crime, strategies and their consequences, by women prisoners in central prison of Arak. For this purpose, using the grounded theory method and the technique of semi-structured interview, 14 women with the background of returning to prison, were interviewed deeply through purposeful sampling. After 10th interview, conceptual saturation was reached. The interview continued up to 14th person for peace of mind. The data categorized using Straus and Corbin paradigm model and then, its paradigm model was drawn. The results of research showed that being bait and deceived, disagreement between couples, emotional divorce and unsuccessful marriage, are some reasons of deviation in this women. Social deviations of father, differential companion, parents' addiction and contrary, lack of emotion, being victim of rape and domestic violence, are effective factors of this deviation that follows strategies such as social deviation, inappropriate marriage, theft, divorce and out of custom relations. Some of consequences of these strategies are family disintegration, ethical and social anomalies and finally prison. Results showed that cultural poverty is the main factor of women's tendency to committing crime, being prisoned and repeating the same crimes and returning to prison. Manuscript profile
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        10 - Influence of Emotional Trends of Investors and the Company's Borrowing on Deviations from Expected Investment
        Majid Zanjirdar Mojtaba Leitani
        The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of investors 'emotional tendencies and the amount of company borrowing on deviations from the expected investment in Iran. After designing the evaluation indicators of investors' emotional tendencies, information f More
        The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of investors 'emotional tendencies and the amount of company borrowing on deviations from the expected investment in Iran. After designing the evaluation indicators of investors' emotional tendencies, information from the Stock Exchange was collected from 2011 to 2013. The sample consisted of 89 companies selected by sampling method based on Cochran formula, which was a total of 445 years old. In this research, linear regression and correlation were used to analyze the hypotheses and to analyze the data and test the research hypotheses. Eviews software is used. What is summarized in the general conclusion of the research hypothesis test is that the emotional tendencies of investors have a positive effect on the positive deviations from expected investment and have a negative effect on the negative deviations of the expected investment of the companies; also, the amount of borrowing has a positive impact on The positive deviations from the expected investment and the negative impact on the negative deviations of the expected investment of the companies. Finally, the results showed that investors' emotional tendencies exacerbated the negative deviations of expected investment through borrowing and exacerbated positive deviations from expected investments. Manuscript profile
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        11 - Fuzzy Portfolio Optimization using Meta-heuristic Unconscious Search Algorithm
        Mohammad Eghbalnia Seyed Maziar Daliran
        The optimization of the stock portfolio and the allocation of wealth between the various assets are among the most important issues in investing.In this study, the problem of optimizing stock portfolios, considering the real world constraints and with the assumption tha More
        The optimization of the stock portfolio and the allocation of wealth between the various assets are among the most important issues in investing.In this study, the problem of optimizing stock portfolios, considering the real world constraints and with the assumption that the return on risky assets of fuzzy numbers is composed. Then, a new probabilistic model of mean-semi absolute deviation was presented in which transaction cost and cardinality constraints were also considered. The existence of such constraints transforms the model into a mixed-integer non-linear programming model that traditional approaches fail to solve, for this purpose a new meta-heuristic algorithm called the Unconscious Search Algorithm is used to solve the problem. Unconscious Search algorithm is a new algorithm based on Freud's psychoanalysis theory. In order to investigate the power and accuracy of solving this algorithm, a case study was carried out with the information of 50 top Tehran Stock Exchanges for years 2012 to 2016. The results were compared with Particle Swarm Optimization and Genetic algorithms, which showed the superiority of this algorithm in the optimization problem of Stock portfolio. Manuscript profile
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        12 - Investigating the Power of Explaining Spectral, Coherent, Deviation and Artificial Neural Networks risk criterias and Their Application in Selecting the Optimal Investment Basket in Tehran Stock Exchange
        Hamidreza Katebi Ghlamreza Zomrodian
        The purpose of the present study was to compare the efficiency of neural network models and available criteria in risk criteria in optimal portfolio formation. At first, time series data related to the return rate of different companies were collected from the databases More
        The purpose of the present study was to compare the efficiency of neural network models and available criteria in risk criteria in optimal portfolio formation. At first, time series data related to the return rate of different companies were collected from the databases of the Securities and Exchange Organization of Iran since 2008-2017, and analyzed in the framework of neural network models and Spectral, Deviation and Coherent risk measures by using Kupiec, Christofferssen and Lopez test. The results of the Kupiec and Christofferssen test for neural network models and CVaR, showed that the LR test statistic for the whole group of investigated companies was larger than the critical value. Based on this, it was concluded that the performance of neural network models and CVaR criteria can be acceptable for the entire group of companies at a significant level of 5% and the LR test statistic is lower than the critical value for SE criteria for the whole group of investigated companies. This suggests that SE's performance is not acceptable to all companies at a significant level of 5%. On the other hand, based on the results of Kupiec and Christofferssen test for VaR, the LR test statistic for the six groups of companies was larger and for the four was smaller than the critical value. Therefore, we can say that in artificial neural network models, the average number of violations or the state of exception in the level of 5% were less than the spectral, deviation and coherent risk measures. Manuscript profile
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        13 - FGP approach to multi objective quadratic fractional programming problem
        K. Lachhwani
        Manuscript profile
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        14 - Syntactic, lexical and temporal comparative deconstruction and deviation in Parvin Etesami's poetry
        Bahman Gorgian Farangis Abbaszadeh
        Language is a cultural reality and the product of human thought, which is associated with creativity and innovation. The creativity and creation of human language causes the combination of sounds and meanings in the form of complex linguistic constructions in literary c More
        Language is a cultural reality and the product of human thought, which is associated with creativity and innovation. The creativity and creation of human language causes the combination of sounds and meanings in the form of complex linguistic constructions in literary creations, and its actualization in the process of socialization and culture-building will bring literary creativity. Using linguistic constructions, the poet imagines the past, present, future and moves from reality to fantasy at any time and place. In the present study, we examine the syntactic, lexical and temporal deviation in Parvin Etesami's pieces, Masnavi and poems, whose poetry is a symbol of the Iraqi and Khorasani style. The results of the research indicate that he has been gotten away from the syntactic norms of conventional and standard language. The order of the words, the grammatical changes are in harmony according to the principles, structure and style of the language. Manuscript profile
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        15 - A Comparative Survey on Norm Deviation in Hossein Panahi and Manouchehr Atashi's Poetry
        Elkhas Veisi Azadeh Ebadi
        Norm – deviation is one of the methods for marking and defamiliarization of the poetry which has been applied by many poets. In the contemporary poetry, Nima Youshij played vital role in founding the norm – deviation and had many followers. The present resea More
        Norm – deviation is one of the methods for marking and defamiliarization of the poetry which has been applied by many poets. In the contemporary poetry, Nima Youshij played vital role in founding the norm – deviation and had many followers. The present research studies and surveys two poets' poetries – Hossein Panahi & Manouchehr Atashi – from norm – deviation and defamiliarization point of view since they were both poets criteria and they both were from south of Iran and have applied south's culture, literature and folklore; hence both were contemporary, their poetries are studied comparatively. Manuscript profile
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        16 - Highlighting (Part of Speech) in a Sonnet by Rumi
        Aqil Abdolhossein Mohammad Maleki
        The present research studies the structure and content of a sonnet by Rumi with structural analysis approach called highlighting. Highlighting means the poet's capacity to use his (or her) linguistic and musical games and artistic possibilities; in a way that More
        The present research studies the structure and content of a sonnet by Rumi with structural analysis approach called highlighting. Highlighting means the poet's capacity to use his (or her) linguistic and musical games and artistic possibilities; in a way that his own expression is defamiliarizing and prominent. Rumi created interesting harmony between structure and content by enjoying highlighting structures of the text such as phonetic, lexical, syntactic and musical structures. The purpose of this article is to propose an image of Rumi's artistic and prominence level.  The present research which analytical-descriptive method is used according to the structural approach studies the sonnet in terms of phonetic, lexical, syntactic and semantic aspects. The result of the present study is that Rumi, has separated and distinguished his poetic language from the usual norm in the poems of others benefitting structural and semantic innovations,. The aesthetics of his sonnets in the art of proper and critical use of this structural and semantic component has proved. Manuscript profile
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        17 - Investigation of Deviation in "Damavandieh" Poem by Malek Al-Shoaraye Bahar based on Lich's linguistic model
        Al-Khas Veisi Soraya Sobhani
        Extra-regularity and deviation are two major parts of literary highlighting; the use of them can be considered a turning point in the language of a poet's poetry. In this regard, in a descriptive-analytical study, we intend to examine the tools of poetry creation, espec More
        Extra-regularity and deviation are two major parts of literary highlighting; the use of them can be considered a turning point in the language of a poet's poetry. In this regard, in a descriptive-analytical study, we intend to examine the tools of poetry creation, especially its deviation in one of the poems of the prominent Iranian poet, Malek Al-Shoaraye Bahar. For this purpose, after a brief deviation to the pattern of linguistic deviation that was proposed by formalist linguists, especially Jeffrey Leach, the poem "Damavandieh" was analyzed from the point of view of this pattern. The results of this study showed that Bahar in his poem has more or less used all types of deviations, in which the frequency of semantic and temporal deviation is higher than other types, and this can be on the one hand, due to the prevailing political atmosphere during the life of this poet and the silence and indifference of the people towards his destiny and on the other hand, the deep study and attention of this poet to the works of previous poets and adherence to the traditions of the past. Manuscript profile
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        18 - The Analysis of Ebn Hesam’s Poetry Structure based on Jeffery Leech’s Theory
        Fereshteh Khavari Habib Jadidol Eslami Behruz Rumiani
        Traditional research is not only inexpressive, scattered and lacking theoretical bases but also deals abstractly with literature. In this approach, methodology is prescriptive and offers some do’s and don’ts about literature. On coming new literary methodolo More
        Traditional research is not only inexpressive, scattered and lacking theoretical bases but also deals abstractly with literature. In this approach, methodology is prescriptive and offers some do’s and don’ts about literature. On coming new literary methodologies, researchers discussed different aspects of literature and employed a pragmatist approach. The advantage of such theories is to use and appropriate them with certain texts to crystallize the theories. In this research, eight types of deviation (lexical, syntactic, vocal, writing, semantic, dialectical, stylistic, and temporal) are studied based on Leech’s deviationism (1969) in Ibn Hesam’s poetry. The results show that semantic deviation is more frequent than other forms of deviation. Syntactic, temporal, lexical, vocal, stylistic and dialectical deviations are more frequent, respectively.  Writing deviation which is mostly associated with modern poetry had no frequency in his poetry. Manuscript profile
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        19 - Techniques of Norm Deviation in Sanaei's Sonnets
        Samaneh A'azami Habib Jadidol Eslami
        One of the language's foregrounding method is norm – deviation. The mentioned technique removes habit, repeatition and bordome from literature and always brings freshness and beauty. Many poets enrich their poetries by applying this technique and method. Sanaei is More
        One of the language's foregrounding method is norm – deviation. The mentioned technique removes habit, repeatition and bordome from literature and always brings freshness and beauty. Many poets enrich their poetries by applying this technique and method. Sanaei is also one of the poets who enjoyes norm – deviation and beutifies his poetries via this technique. The present paper is the result of a research which is done based on "norm – deviation" in order to find out three types of norm – deviation: lexical, syntactic and semantic in Sanaei's sonnets; the research studies the subject by an introduction to foregrounding and its various types Sanaei creates new form and awares the readers by standard language and defamiliarization. The outcome of the survey shows that Sanaei has frequently applies lexical, syntactic and semantic norm – deviations. Manuscript profile
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        20 - Status of Moral Conscience in Qur'an and Hadiths
        Nasibeh Olamaie
        10.30495/qsf.2021.680773
        Conscience is the esoteric perception by which man finds the path to perfection. As an inner self-guide and human guide, he is sometimes healthy and sometimes deviated and does not have the necessary efficiency due to the lack of proper religious education. Conscience h More
        Conscience is the esoteric perception by which man finds the path to perfection. As an inner self-guide and human guide, he is sometimes healthy and sometimes deviated and does not have the necessary efficiency due to the lack of proper religious education. Conscience has an important place in some Western moral schools and has been introduced as the basis of moral actions and it is a wonderful thing and has a motivating power in judging according to Kant. The Rousseau school also defines functions for the conscience, which are summarized in this study. In this regard, the present study seeks to define the position and explain the functions of conscience in the Qur'an and hadiths. Conscience has various uses that it is necessary to distinguish between them. Manuscript profile
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        21 - Familiarization in the Holy Quran based on syntactic deviation (part 29)
        Katayun Fallahi Zahra Samadi Massoud Bavanpouri
        Deviation is one of the important findings of formalists that forms the basis of stylistic discussions. They introduced literary language as deviating from the standard language and studied the style accordingly. Although the Holy Quran is not a literary text, but in te More
        Deviation is one of the important findings of formalists that forms the basis of stylistic discussions. They introduced literary language as deviating from the standard language and studied the style accordingly. Although the Holy Quran is not a literary text, but in terms of lexical, linguistic and rhetorical, it is considered a wonderful miracle that its study based on new perspectives can be a solution to achieve new findings. The present study seeks to examine the twenty-ninth part of the Holy Quran from the perspective of syntactic deviation using the analytical-inferential method. Findings indicate that syntactic deviation is represented in the form of presentation and delay, with the aim of highlighting a part of speech, omission with the aim of brevity and aesthetics, attention with the aim of aesthetics of speech and conceptualization, and repetition, due to emphasis. Manuscript profile
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        22 - A study of the aesthetics of semantic deviation in the poetry of Shawky Bazieh and Manouchehr Achi Based on the model of Farzan Sajdi
        arman mohamadi shahreyar hemmati
        10.30495/cls.2022.1945006.1348
        Shawqi Bazie and Manouchehr Achi are among the innovative poets in Lebanese and Iranian literature due to their special poetic language and are highly skilled in the process of constructing new words and innovative poetic structures. In this way, they used various liter More
        Shawqi Bazie and Manouchehr Achi are among the innovative poets in Lebanese and Iranian literature due to their special poetic language and are highly skilled in the process of constructing new words and innovative poetic structures. In this way, they used various literary strategies and techniques, including semantic deviations in their poetry. Farzan Sajoudi is also a well-known expert in the field of semiotics and signs. He divides his usual model of semantic deviation into two main parts, perception and abstraction, and each of them is divided into subsections. The current article attempts to study and analyze the homogeneity of their poetry in the light of a comparative perspective and based on the American School of Comparative Literature, regardless of the phenomenon of influence and vulnerability, in the light of a prostration model. The results of the research showed that Bazi' and Achi deviated from the rules of the normal language by relying on the typical axis of words in the context of animalism and humanity and relying on the element of life and metaphor in their poetic words, inventing the meaning of imagination that differs from its general meaning. Based on the grammatical axis of the vocabulary and using the imaginative power of simile, they grouped a group of heterogeneous words into a semantic chain within the context of the text, and returned the verbs and traits of plants to humans, and created different meanings for the words of the poem that differ in their semantic Manuscript profile
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        23 - Examining norm deviation in the poem "Arash Kamangir" by Siavash Kasraei based on the model of "Jeffrey Leach"
        Shahrukh Hekmat
        10.30495/cls.2023.1985301.1416
        Language is a means of communicating and conveying messages. As in language, there is no escape from grammar and it is necessary to learn the norms and rules of the language with the help of grammar; In literature, there is no escape from norm avoidance and deviation fr More
        Language is a means of communicating and conveying messages. As in language, there is no escape from grammar and it is necessary to learn the norms and rules of the language with the help of grammar; In literature, there is no escape from norm avoidance and deviation from the law. In formalist ideas, reaching from like-mindedness to empathy is done by deviating the language from conventional and common standards, or in other words, "norm deviation". Norm-avoidance is one of the most frequent terms in the theory of formalists, which, although with tolerance, is considered synonymous with words such as "defamiliarization" and "highlighting", but it is worth noting that despite sharing the goal of difference They also have them together. One of the ways to stand out from Leach's point of view is deviance, which is breaking the common and normal rules of the language and going out of the normal standards of the language in such a way that the language has more identity and influence and can be between this type A distinction was made between normal language and normal language. The present research examines Siavash Kasraei's poem by Arash Kamangir based on the model of "Jeffrey Leach" with a descriptive-analytical approach and explores the types of norm deviation based on the mentioned model. The results of the research indicate that: Siavash Kasraei, by crossing the usual norms of language, especially semantic, syntactic and lexical norms avoidance, mixed beauty and excitement and caused "poetry". Manuscript profile
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        24 - Stylistic Norm Deviation in Mohammad Madi Javaheri's Poetries
        Mohammad Taqi Zand Vakili
        The present article studies some norm deviation or stylistic disorder phenomena in one of the great contemporary Iraqi poets Mohammad Madi Javaheri's Poetries.  Innovation and creativeness are two concrete phenomena in his works in order to express the internal emo More
        The present article studies some norm deviation or stylistic disorder phenomena in one of the great contemporary Iraqi poets Mohammad Madi Javaheri's Poetries.  Innovation and creativeness are two concrete phenomena in his works in order to express the internal emotions through deviation from familiar and normal symbols. This, is important to making new verbal relationships which would cause excitement for the reader. This study show that the stylistic and structural approach would bring important beauties for the text which helps its context (understanding). Javaheri has expressed his experiments through norm deviation to control the beautiful images of the poetry and encourage the innovation, creation and excellence. Manuscript profile
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        25 - A Study and Analysis on Ahmad Mattar's Poetry
        Hooman Nazemian Ali Pirani Shal Hossein Abavisani Soqra Falahati Mahboubeh Baderestani
        Highlighting expression was one of the subjects paid attention by Russian formalists in a way that they differentiated two languages – normal language and poetic language – by highlighting. Highlighting could be known equal with norm deviation in literature; More
        Highlighting expression was one of the subjects paid attention by Russian formalists in a way that they differentiated two languages – normal language and poetic language – by highlighting. Highlighting could be known equal with norm deviation in literature; because highlighting is based on poet's deviation from rules and standard language; poet attracts the reader's attention to other viewpoint and aspect by norm deviation. In other words, a poet deviates from standard language to attain the literature by enjoying some tricks. Thus highlighting means abnormal and uncommon language to form a literature. The present research studies highlighting and the issues may result it in two odes by Ahamd Mattar. The method is formalistic and all factors cause highlighting have been expressed in this research. Manuscript profile
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        26 - Manifestation of Image Norm – Deviation in Imam Ali Words(Case Study: Nahj Al Balaghah)
        Fatemeh Pasandian Mohammad Jannatifar Mohammad Ma’soumi
        Nahj Al Balaghah is one of the religious books involves various and incredible rhetorical forms and its literary value attracts scholars’ attentions. It is also manifests image norm – deviations and presents Imam’s dreaming power to apply words’ More
        Nahj Al Balaghah is one of the religious books involves various and incredible rhetorical forms and its literary value attracts scholars’ attentions. It is also manifests image norm – deviations and presents Imam’s dreaming power to apply words’ potential capability to express purpose. In fact He enjoys the mentioned technique ti increase semantics. This article is an attempt to study one of the contemporary literary criticism phenomena in Imam Ali words. Norm – deviation in lingual sciences and methodology is studied which means breaking common habits in normal language and deviation of rules. One type is image norm – deviation which studies verbal forms references in their various forms. At the end of the research it would be distinguished that Imam Ali could enjoy image norm – deviation in innovation and speech embellishment properly. Manuscript profile
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        27 - deviation phenomenon in adonis’s poems
        Ali Nazari Yunus Valiei
        The linguistic is studying the language different levels, The language is main topic  that the linguistic sisstu dying it. The linguistics has several branches,the Stylistics is one of its branches that survey literary works. And stylistic phenomenon is one of the More
        The linguistic is studying the language different levels, The language is main topic  that the linguistic sisstu dying it. The linguistics has several branches,the Stylistics is one of its branches that survey literary works. And stylistic phenomenon is one of the important phenomen as at Linguistic Studies and it study poetic language Because it’s different from the common language. Since the literary text ,specially poet, want to gain its identity from having difference in common language. Adonis is one of tehre new al poets,some critics know him one of the most controversi al Arab poets. He has create da new way  in Arabic poetry by Using language in a way that include largely the invention, so he has used a lot  the deviation.This article studied the semantic Manuscript profile
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        28 - The Analysis of Temporal Deviation in Ghazaleh Alizadeh’s Collection of Short Stories, With Ghazaleh to Nowhere
        Masoumeh Zare Kohan Azar Daneshgar
        Deviation from the normal standards of a language is a technique of foregrounding the discourse that is used by the literati. Deviation is a benchmark for evaluating the literary aesthetics. It also consists of the use of the terms and structures that are not common tod More
        Deviation from the normal standards of a language is a technique of foregrounding the discourse that is used by the literati. Deviation is a benchmark for evaluating the literary aesthetics. It also consists of the use of the terms and structures that are not common today, and has different types such as phonological deviation, typographical deviation, temporal deviation, etc. This paper attempts to study the temporal deviation (archaism) in Ghazaleh Alizadeh’s With Ghazaleh to Nowhere .Temporal deviation consists of lexical and syntactic types. The results of the study show that the writer has used the temporal deviation in her stories by using archaic and low frequency words, old names of jobs, poetic borrowing, proverbs, old forms of verbs, deletion of verbs, adjective forms, alliteration and anastrophe. This is a descriptive-analytic study and the researcher has tried to discuss the theoretical underpinnings as well as the writer’s style in the use of temporal deviation. Manuscript profile
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        29 - The Lexical Norm Deviation in the Poems of Manouchehr Atashi
        Mahboube Besmel
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        30 - Comparative study of the function of archaism in thelanguage of poems of Frough Farrokhzadand ParvinEtesami
        Masumeh Mosavi Saadat kamran pashaie fakhry parvaneh adelzadeh
        Archaism is a kind of deviation and deflection of the common and soft language and the use of the obsolete or syntax unusual in the modern language. Perception of these terms requires hesitation in the language and its revolution. Change in language is natural that some More
        Archaism is a kind of deviation and deflection of the common and soft language and the use of the obsolete or syntax unusual in the modern language. Perception of these terms requires hesitation in the language and its revolution. Change in language is natural that some vocabularies and structures are entered in the language and some of them are obsoleted. In this article, the pomes of Parvin Etesami and Frough Farrokhzad were investigated accordingly in documentary method.The connection between Parvin and Khorasani and Eraqi styles has led to manifestation of archaism significantly in her poems and the consistency of her poems lies in the connection to the Iranian ancient literature. However, archaism is not seen significantly in the poems of Frough Farrokhzad, the contemporary poet of Parvin according to thepoet’s modernity and the proximity of her language to the modern speech and the use of modern vocabularies. In some cases, this trend has caused to vulnerability in the soft language of Frough. Twelve poems of the Frough Captive Poems and ten odds of Parvin have been studied comparatively. It was concluded that Frough has chosen the ancient literary men style in use of some common adverbs and adjectives. Parvin has employed old vocabularies and reduction of conglobation in terms of syntax and use of words instead of each other in ancient form and archaic experience and continuation of the heritage of the ancient art in the modern art. Manuscript profile
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        31 - Designing a Model for the improvement of Morality with an Emphasis on Decreasing Behavioral Deviations in the Accounting Workplace
        Saead Shad Mehdi Zinali Ahmad Mohamadi Yunus BadavarNahandi
        The purpose of the present study is to design a model for the improvement of morality with an emphasis on decreasing behavioral deviations in the accounting workplace. In terms of classification of the research based on purpose, it is considered practical and has a qual More
        The purpose of the present study is to design a model for the improvement of morality with an emphasis on decreasing behavioral deviations in the accounting workplace. In terms of classification of the research based on purpose, it is considered practical and has a qualitative approach, and in terms of theory and argumentation, it is proving and inductive. The research statistical population consisted of 367 auditors who were members of Iran's Official Accounting Society. The research data were collected using a questionnaire instrument in 2021. Data analysis was conducted using structural equations modeling with the approach of partial least square. The results showed that decreasing behavioral deviations is immensely effective on the betterment of the moral condition of auditors and that by reinforcing the research criteria, we can control behavioral deviations and also improve moral condition in the accounting workplace. Furthermore, the results showed that there was a significant (≤0.05) correlation between leadership, psychological, and organizational criteria and accounting moral condition and decreasing behavioral deviations. Manuscript profile
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        32 - A Criticism on Style Deviation Theorists
        Mohammad Hadi Moradi Majid Ghasemi
               The term “stylistics” has started with the emergence of linguistic research at the first decades of twentieth century. Charles Bally (1865-1947), is the founder of modern stylistics in the French School, and is a substitute for Sau More
               The term “stylistics” has started with the emergence of linguistic research at the first decades of twentieth century. Charles Bally (1865-1947), is the founder of modern stylistics in the French School, and is a substitute for Saussure at the Linguistics Department of University of Geneva. Stylistics is a sort of criticism process that reveals the aesthetic bases of literary works. One of the most prominent kinds of stylistics is deviation; it is some kinds of variety and alteration which enhances text’s value.  Deviation is a technique of communicating between creator and recipient, because this technique reveals the capability of creator in using the hidden part of language to convey the message to the recipient with its all stylistic value. So style deviates from the norm to reveal the objectives that normal language is not able to convey. But some theorists believe that the style is nothing more than deviation. This article tries to criticize this opinion by using examples from poetry and holy Quran. Manuscript profile
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        33 - The effect of conceptualization of ethical leadership on organizational deviational behaviors of university employees
        Azam Pirayesh Akram Akbarian
        10.30486/jsrp.2018.545635
        Analyzing the effect between conceptualization of ethical leadership and organizational deviational behaviors has been the objective of this research. This study has been done based on the descriptive method of correlational kind. The statistical population of this stud More
        Analyzing the effect between conceptualization of ethical leadership and organizational deviational behaviors has been the objective of this research. This study has been done based on the descriptive method of correlational kind. The statistical population of this study has been included all of the employees of Isfahan (IAU) who were 320 employes. Employees were selected randomly as sample. The standard questionnaire of Ethical Leadership (Kalshonand et al., 2011) and the standard questionnaire of Deviational Behaviors (Bent and Robinson and et al., 2008) were included in the research`s tools. The multiple regression`s tests was used. Results showed that the conceptualization of ethical leadership has a significant effect on deviational behaviors is negative and significant which is as (p≥0.01, r=-0.290). Therefore, the hypothesis of the effect of conscientiousness on deviant behavior is not confirmed and the hypotheses of the effect of dimensions of popular orientation, knowledge sharing, stability, role resolution, moral guidance, fairness of moral leadership on deviant behaviors are not confirmed. Manuscript profile
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        34 - Estimate the Location of a Breast Tumor using the Received Signal Angle
        javad nouri pour Mohammad Ali Pourmina Mohamad Naser Moghaddasi behbod Ghalamkari
        10.30486/mjtd.2022.678909
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        35 - Deviation of Metaphors in Mowlavi’s Complete Works and Ibnfarez Complete Works
        Mansoureh Telbian Rouhollah SAIIADY NEZHAD Alireza Fooladi
        Deviation Is One Aspect of “Words Revival” Based On Linguistics That Causes Literary Pleasure Through Breaking the Surface Structures Of Words Not Deep Structure. From One Side Ultra Logic Rational and Mystical Nature of Mystical Facts And Meaning And Limita More
        Deviation Is One Aspect of “Words Revival” Based On Linguistics That Causes Literary Pleasure Through Breaking the Surface Structures Of Words Not Deep Structure. From One Side Ultra Logic Rational and Mystical Nature of Mystical Facts And Meaning And Limitation Of Language Efficiency From Other Side Have Led Gnostics Like Mowlavi’s And Ibnfarez Use Deviated Language And Words.This study criticizes and analyzes deviation metaphors in mowlavi’s and ibnfarez complete works analytically. The Study Shows That Mutual Sensuous Metaphor has not Any Place in Ibnfarez Poems. Moreover, It’s Frequency In His Amatory Mysticism Is More Than His Devout Mysticism. Rational Sensuous Metaphor Has Same Frequency in These Two Mystic Poet’s Poems. Which Follows Their Abstract and Social Realistic Thoughts That Shows Their Interest In Mystical And Internal Deliberation. Same Times The Relation Between Two Sides Of The Metaphor In Their Poems Is So Far That There Is More Deviation In It. They Select Much Metaphor and Cause Finding That Meaning Lately And More Literal Pleasure Through Making Prominent Their Own Words. The Percent of Recognition Frequency Is Same in Two Works. It Means Moving Toward Recognition Every Thing and Using Recognition Are of Two Poet’s Mystical Language Properties. Manuscript profile
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        36 - Experimental and Numerical Investigation of the Impact of a Blunt Projectile with a Perforated Plate
        M Farahmand Kh Vahedi A Naddaf Oskouei R Hosseini
        10.22034/jsm.2020.1897805.1580
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        37 - Linguistic foregroundings of child's poetry Mahmoud Kianoush
        ramazan bashar seifi
        foregrounding the ways in which plays an important role in distinguishing the artistic creation, Creating great works and Inventing personal styles. This research is the result of this research In order to achieve outstanding lyric poetry of one of the pioneers of child More
        foregrounding the ways in which plays an important role in distinguishing the artistic creation, Creating great works and Inventing personal styles. This research is the result of this research In order to achieve outstanding lyric poetry of one of the pioneers of child poetry in Iran Named Mahmoud Kianoush. Kianoush gives great importance to the structure of poetry He believes that Child poem should be technical and principled. To reach for this purpose, After the introduction, an introduction to the highlight and its practices, Introducing Mahmoud Kianoush and his children's poems, The foregroundings of this great contemporary poet and writer In two parts of the norms of regularity extra and deviation, His childish poems have been analyzed and analyzed This research was conducted in a descriptive-analytical manner and based on library studies The investigations carried out in this paper show that He has used various types of regularity extra and deviation norms to foregrounding the language of his childish poetry. In the meantime, the role of deviations has been noticeable. Manuscript profile
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        38 - Investigation Of Semantic norm deviation In Bahmanname Descriptions
        mohammad noor ghaedzade khamiri Majid Hajizade maryam gholamreza beigi
        Bahmannameh is of great value in terms of epic style and expression, especially in the field of description, because the description element is one of the criteria for measuring the quality of an epic work and is a means to make the various scenes in epic poetry more ta More
        Bahmannameh is of great value in terms of epic style and expression, especially in the field of description, because the description element is one of the criteria for measuring the quality of an epic work and is a means to make the various scenes in epic poetry more tangible. In this work, tools such as simile, metaphor, allowed and irony have been used to express descriptions. These tools are a means of creating poetry and are considered as semantic norm deviation in the study of different types of deviations. Semantic norm deviation, which is one of the methods of highlighting language, is in fact a violation of the characteristics governing the use of words in the standard language. In this article, after giving an introduction about highlighting and its types, an attempt has been made to deal with various types of semantic norm deviations, including its various cases, including similes and metaphors. The research method in this article is descriptive and the data have been reviewed using the content technique in a library manner. The study population is Bahmannameh Hakim Iranshah Ibn Abi Al-Khair edited by Rahim Afifi. The findings of this study show that in the mentioned work in the field of semantic deviation, visualization is more manifested than abstractionism because the epicist tries to depict strange and complex events with a tangible and material expression clearly and explicitly in front of the reader. Another finding of this research is the high frequency of metaphors and metaphors of anthropomorphism. Manuscript profile
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        39 - A discussion on the types of Deviation and their frequency in Spanloo's poetry
        farrin garebaghi
        Formalism is a school in literary criticism that in textuality pays more attention to language and formal elements, and in this approach of textuality, Extra-textual elements such as the author's biography, ideology, ethics, and so on do not have a interfere in text. Fo More
        Formalism is a school in literary criticism that in textuality pays more attention to language and formal elements, and in this approach of textuality, Extra-textual elements such as the author's biography, ideology, ethics, and so on do not have a interfere in text. Formalists believe that the literature is a genre of language that formed by different types of Defamilirizations and Deviations. Types of deviations that formed the lingustic language is archaism, lexical Deviation, semantic Deviation and etc.In the present study, Spanloo's poetic language has been studied and analyzed from this perspective and the commonly used types of anomaly in his poetry such as semantic anomaly, linguistic archaism, syntactic anomaly, lexical anomaly and style are among the most used types of Deviation in his poetry. The results of the research show that in Deviation of sepanloo poems, the types of Deviations as a semantic devition, archaism, lexical deviation, Syntactic Deviation and oyhere types of deviation used. The results of this research show that in semantic deviation, simile is the most widely used and in the next stage, he has used metaphor and especially subordinate metaphor.The tendency towards archaism has had more of a musical function, and lexical deviation has often been used by the poet for creation of new concepts. Stylistic deviation has also been used in another way to de-familiarization and diversify of the expression and tone of speech. Manuscript profile
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        40 - A study and critical analyze the Semantic deviation in Ali Babachahi poems
        zakiyye mohamadlu ,barat mohammadi seif addin abbarin
        Poetic language be created by a some genres of detour from the norms. poetic language usually emphasis to mode of expression as than as subject and have a aesthetic dimension. poets always detour from the rules of normative language in order to foregrounding and defamil More
        Poetic language be created by a some genres of detour from the norms. poetic language usually emphasis to mode of expression as than as subject and have a aesthetic dimension. poets always detour from the rules of normative language in order to foregrounding and defamiliarization. One of the widely used genres of deviation is semantic deviation, poets does not choose a direct language to convey his thoughts and feelings and uses all kinds of poetic images such as simile, metaphor, synaesthesia, paradox and etc and with a this foregrounding in poetic language. Babachahi widely use the Semantic deviation in his poems and this genre of deviation have a vaste role in literariness. Between the all type of Semantic deviation Simile is the most frequent in his poem. metaphor has less use, and he has also used the the othere types of semantic deviation as subordinate metaphor, symbol, paradox and synaesthesia for the defamiliarization of his speech. In the present study, the genres of Semantic deviation in Babachahi poetry has been studied and with a descriptive- analytic method has been investigated. Manuscript profile
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        41 - Analyzing the phonetic and lexical aesthetics of the collections (Akher Shahnameh and Azan Avesta) of the Akhwan sales with a norm-avoidance approach
        ali khooshechin naeeme kia lashaki vajihe torkamani barandoozi koros karimpasandi
        Literary aesthetics is one of the most important and significant methods of investigating the concepts and themes of literary points and the manifestation of the beauties in the language of poetry, which has been given a lot of attention. Phonetic and lexical levels are More
        Literary aesthetics is one of the most important and significant methods of investigating the concepts and themes of literary points and the manifestation of the beauties in the language of poetry, which has been given a lot of attention. Phonetic and lexical levels are among the areas that can be investigated in the language field according to the theory of "norm avoidance". This means that the developments that occur in the phonetic level of the language ultimately cause its stylistic identification in the musical field. Examining lexical aesthetics also has a decisive role in distinguishing the style of poets' poetry. This article, which is done in a descriptive-analytical way, is devoted to the investigation of phonetic and lexical aesthetics in two prominent works of the Third Brotherhood (from this Avesta - the last of the Shahnameh). The obtained results indicate that Mehdi Akhwan Al-Talihi chose deviation from standard language rules as a method for creating pure poetic themes and creating stylistic distinction in musical and linguistic fields. In phonetic aesthetics, Akhwan has used processes such as: Abdal, ghosts, relief, intensification, deletion and addition in the most beautiful way. The lexical aesthetic of Akhwan has also been done mostly in the areas of composition and archaism in the fields of (noun-verb-adjective and letter). Manuscript profile
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        42 - Investigation of syntactic deviation in romantic dialogues in the story of Zal and Rudabe
        Kimia Tajnia Kimia Tajnia Nemat Esfahani Omran
        Conversations have been prevalent in the famous works of Persian poets and writers from the past until now in different ways. In the Shahnameh, the conversation is generally done in two ways, the face-to-face conversation and the distant conversation, and each of these More
        Conversations have been prevalent in the famous works of Persian poets and writers from the past until now in different ways. In the Shahnameh, the conversation is generally done in two ways, the face-to-face conversation and the distant conversation, and each of these conversations is done with different people and with specific goals and perspectives. The dialogues of each story express the characters of that story and it is through the dialogues that one can reach the hidden angles of the characters of the stories. The story of Zal's love for Rudaba is one of the most important love stories of Ferdowsi's Shahnameh. Because the result of this love is the birth of Rostam, the great hero of Shahnameh. In this research, the author is trying to investigate the syntactic norm avoidance with a descriptive-analytical approach and a library tool in romantic dialogues in the story of Zal and Rudaba. Also, investigate innovation and norm avoidance at its syntactic level. The results of the research show that Ferdowsi, in the story of Zal and Rudabeh, has distinguished his language from the standard language by using syntactic avoidance and has somehow made his poem stand out. In this type of norm avoidance, Ferdowsi messed up the structure governing the language and used the grammatical features of the language to highlight, and tried to create in this field. Manuscript profile
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        43 - DE familiarization techniques in Bivatan novel (R. Amirkhani)
        gholamreza kafi raziyeh jafari
        In this paper, a novel method of DE familiarization and norm-breaking of Amirkhani Reza in Bivatan novel has been investigated. Although , usually the novels realm have shown less interest in this language function,Bivatan's author is one of the few writers with Knowled More
        In this paper, a novel method of DE familiarization and norm-breaking of Amirkhani Reza in Bivatan novel has been investigated. Although , usually the novels realm have shown less interest in this language function,Bivatan's author is one of the few writers with Knowledge about the impact of this method on the audience, have used this advantage. Language Para normality has the most contribution in de familiarization in Bivatan novel. Although Text and meaning Para normality has a worthy place in Amirkhani prose. It should be said , the Bivatan novel is based on Norm-breaking and some techniques were Experienced in this book are completely new and unprecedented. Manuscript profile
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        44 - Investigating the types of Linguistic Deviation and Their Frequency of Occurrence in Simin Behbahani’s Poetry
        Elkhas Veysi Farangis Abbaszadeh
        Simin Behbehani is one of the poetesses who had used the formalists'   ideas and views in modern versing and employed a lot of linguistic deviations in her lyrics as the raw material of poem art. She used deviations and foregrounding to convey her romantic and More
        Simin Behbehani is one of the poetesses who had used the formalists'   ideas and views in modern versing and employed a lot of linguistic deviations in her lyrics as the raw material of poem art. She used deviations and foregrounding to convey her romantic and spiritual feelings and ideological, cultural, and religious views. The required data gathered from library to investigate the creativityوlinguistic deviations, and figures of speech. The method employed was descriptive and analytic. The results indicate that the Iranian lady employed phonological and semantic deviations more than other types which make her more brilliant than other poets with respect to foregrounding and stylistic art. Manuscript profile
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        45 - Deviation management structure Azizi's poems
        mohammad reza yoosefi roghiyeh shahrabad
        Poet and literary resurrection Defamiliarization deviation with the aim of creating Art is fun. He sometimes disturb the usual order of sheds, sometimes the original language of the application layer in the poem's opening-beats and spoken structures, sometimes beyond th More
        Poet and literary resurrection Defamiliarization deviation with the aim of creating Art is fun. He sometimes disturb the usual order of sheds, sometimes the original language of the application layer in the poem's opening-beats and spoken structures, sometimes beyond the rules of construction of words in the language, and sometimes poet makes new Vazhh‌Ay meaning getting around the rules governing the language and vocabulary Hm‌Nshyny of non-compliance, provided by means far-fetched. In this paper, the different manifestations of deviation of Ahmad Azizi in his poetry has been studied in six areas: 1 phonetic deviation 2 3 lexical semantic deviation deviation deviation 4 5 6 deviation deviation way somehow. He then removed consonants and vowels, sometimes denominated changes. Sometimes, through the construction of new vocabulary, outstandingly Abyatsh this. By       * Qom University, Department of Persian and Literratre Language, Qom, Iran. ** Qom University, Department of Persian and Literratre Language, Qom, Iran.     utilizing this property of language, his poetry on the one hand rooted in history and cultural and linguistic background, and on the other hand is connected to nature and the external world. His sense ofliterary deviation from the norm as a result of the use of arrays. The poet's words as parts of speech to the Karmy‌Brd species not only with the rest of the bits in Artbat‌St, but also a spiritual relationship established with the whole effect is also stopped. When deviations from the norm in the face when speaking out forms to work today Mrdh‌And My‌‌Brd. This type of deviation him somewhat more frequent and apply the ancient words "rhyme" is Jlvh‌Gr. In stylistic terms and phrases acknowledge the work-raking deviation in the common language and speech applications. So that one of the most important factors in oppositional terms of his resurrection contrary term singer-raking to do. He somehow oppositional most areas of the interchangeable use of the letters and activities. Manuscript profile
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        46 - Foregrounding in Akhavan-Sales’ Poetry
        hamid samsaam nazanin sheykh zadeh
        Mehdi Akhavan-Sales is no doubt one of the most eminent poets of the post-Nima era. His poetry, in the words of most scholars in the Iranian contemporary literature, is a poetical and artistic blend of the Persian traditional poetry and the neo-Nimaic poetry. Akhavan-Sa More
        Mehdi Akhavan-Sales is no doubt one of the most eminent poets of the post-Nima era. His poetry, in the words of most scholars in the Iranian contemporary literature, is a poetical and artistic blend of the Persian traditional poetry and the neo-Nimaic poetry. Akhavan-Sales is the epitome of the generation of poets who are not only committed to the society and its developments but also whose poetry enjoys a unique literary enrichment. He is, indeed, a poet who both minds the literary form and attends closely to the content of his poem. Therefore, many have tried to discover and study the various aspects of Akhavan-Sales’ literature by reading his poetry over and over. Literary criticism, which is considered to be an important field of the modern literature, comprises multiple areas. One is foregrounding, which acts as one form of reading literary works. Foregrounding is the employment of language elements in a manner in which the mode of expression draws attention and is unconventional and non-automatic, rather than automatic. This definition gives a general description of the literary criticism style. In the word of the scholars, foregrounding is realised in two ways: deviation and extra-regularity. Akhavan-Sales’ poetry is replete with both deviation and extra-regularity. Deviation normally includes the levels of phonology, lexis, syntax, and semantics; extra-regularity usually deals with the novel words. In this type of foregrounding, we impose some norms on the conventional language. The reader of this article will get familiar with some of the reasons for Akhavan’s greatness and the secret of his poem’s impressiveness. Manuscript profile
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        47 - Opaque Information, Deviation from Target Leverage and Speed of Adjustment
        Abbas Aflatooni Kefsan mansouri
        10.22034/amfa.2019.585872.1191
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        48 - Earnings Manipulation and Adjustment Speed towards an Optimal Leverage
        Abbas Aflatooni Mahdi Khazaei Zahra Nikbakht
        10.22034/amfa.2020.1912619.1500
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        49 - Investigating the effects of time variables of gold, crude oil and foreign exchange markets on herding behavior in Tehran Stock Foreign exchange
        Sepideh Behnam Reza Tehrani Bita Tabrizian
        10.22034/amfa.2022.1964376.1778
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        50 - Investigating the Effect of Management Entrenchment on Speed of Cash Holding Adjustment in Companies Listed in Tehran Stock Exchange
        Fatemeh Mansouri Moosa Mohammadi
        10.22034/amfa.2017.536268
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        51 - Inverse modeling of gravity field data due to finite vertical cylinder using modular neural network and least-squares standard deviation method
        Ata Eshaghzadeh Sanaz Seyedi Sahebari Roghayeh Alsadat Kalantari
        10.30495/ijes.2019.669401
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        52 - Comparison of the Third- order moving average and least square methods for estimating of shape and depth residual magnetic anomalies
        Mohammad Fouladi Mirsattar Meshinchi Asl Mahmoud Mehramuz Nima Nezafati
        10.30495/ijes.2021.682866
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        53 - Look at the imagery and emotion in the poems align with Salman Harati
        ghasem mehravar giglou fateme modarresi
        Salman Harati (1338 -1365) committed one of the poets of the contemporary style of literature in the field of Islamic Revolution and is stable. Salman poetic language is the language of poetry, simple and insignificant. Salman plain language and strong, able to create b More
        Salman Harati (1338 -1365) committed one of the poets of the contemporary style of literature in the field of Islamic Revolution and is stable. Salman poetic language is the language of poetry, simple and insignificant. Salman plain language and strong, able to create beautiful images be. Is intended to present a descriptive - analytical imaging and align it with the emotion in the poems of Salman Harati to discuss and scrutinize. Outcome research suggests that the link between the poet's creative emotion, image and imagination. And logic-based interactive communication, which implies that the referential function, making out, and the poetic function is restored. Salman singing poems in various arts of poetic imagery, including metaphor, personification, metonymy, simile, synaethesia, irony, and the paradox …Has used. In the arts of Image, such as simile, metaphor, personification and synaethesia more with the emotion and sense of fun and irony and paradox of religious belief with social affection Salman Harati are consistent Manuscript profile
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        54 - Defamilirazition in naderpours poetry
        Mohammad hossein khanmohammadi Anita khaleghi
        From the formalists' point of view the purpose of poetry is to reduce or vanish the signs of being routine, when conveying content. Defamilirization creates foregrounding in a text using deviation and extra regularity. Geoffrey Leech thinks of deviation as a poetry mak More
        From the formalists' point of view the purpose of poetry is to reduce or vanish the signs of being routine, when conveying content. Defamilirization creates foregrounding in a text using deviation and extra regularity. Geoffrey Leech thinks of deviation as a poetry making tool and extra regularity as a verse making one. He made a systematic summary of deviation. In his book, A Linguistic Guide to English Poetry (1969), he categorized deviation into eight types, i.e. lexical deviation, grammatical deviation, phonological deviation, graphological deviation, semantic deviation, dialectal deviation, deviation of register and deviation of historical period. Safavi in his " from linguistics to literature: volume II" believes that the dialectal deviation grammatical deviation and phonological deviation are not poetry making tools since they don’t change the content. Here using an analytical posteriori way different deviations have been analyzed in Naderpour poems. We concluded that he has used many deviations among which the period, semantic and grammatical ones have been used more. Manuscript profile
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        55 - “Selecting target literary texts , a solution for raising perception in Elementery School Students”
        Golbarg Zehni Arsalan Golfam
        The Persian training book is the base of forming sort literary in children*s mind ,so attention to language functions and analysis of the deviations can be useful for instilling concepts.In this research it is tried  to examine this issue by Jacobsen and Leach theo More
        The Persian training book is the base of forming sort literary in children*s mind ,so attention to language functions and analysis of the deviations can be useful for instilling concepts.In this research it is tried  to examine this issue by Jacobsen and Leach theory and determine how much these factors are used in the contexts which the students have a greater understanding and how priority of their applications are .In according to large amount of content, only the poetries of reading book in 5th grade of elementary  stage were assested. . The statiscal society were 100 boy students  in Tehran.The result of this research can be useful for enhancing the quality of written  educational contents  which are special for this age. As the result , studies have shown that the refrential role and time deviation are more used in poetry with high concept.   Manuscript profile
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        56 - Development of new model to predict dynamic viscosity of ethylene glycol based nanofluid containing Mg(OH)2
        Amin Asadi Meisam Asadi Majid Gholami Andarati
        In this study, the dynamic viscosity of Mg(OH)2-ethylene glycol(EG) is measured. Moreover, new model for determining the dynamic viscosity of the nanofluid is proposed. Due to the limitation of the previous correlations in order to predict the dynamic viscosity of the m More
        In this study, the dynamic viscosity of Mg(OH)2-ethylene glycol(EG) is measured. Moreover, new model for determining the dynamic viscosity of the nanofluid is proposed. Due to the limitation of the previous correlations in order to predict the dynamic viscosity of the mentioned nanofluid, a new practical equation is suggested base on the experimental correlations. The results indicate that while the solid volume fraction is increased, the dynamic viscosity is increased simultaneously. It can be interesting to note that at lower temperatures, this increase is more noticeable than those in higher temperatures. In addition, it is shown that at the special temperature of 55⁰C, the solid volume fraction has no significant impact on the dynamic viscosity of the nanofluid. This unique consequence can be considered as a paramount breakthrough in the engineering and industrial applications. Manuscript profile
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        57 - Case study of the statistical distribution of the concretes implemented at Qazvin
        Ali Ebrahimi Mahdi Mahdikhani
        Manuscript profile
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        58 - The Effect of Creative Deviace on Innovation Inertia Considering the Mediating Role of Human Resources Intelligence
        Ali Shariatnejad Seydeh Nasim Mousavi⃰ mohammad jafari
        10.30495/qjopm.2020.1872250.2523
        The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of creative deviance on the innovation inertia considering the mediating role of human resource intelligence. This applied research employed a descriptive survey design. The statistical population of the study incl More
        The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of creative deviance on the innovation inertia considering the mediating role of human resource intelligence. This applied research employed a descriptive survey design. The statistical population of the study included 1600 employees of knowledge-based organizations of Lorestan province. Using Cochran formula and stratified sampling method, the researchers estimated the sample size to be 309 people. The instrument used to gather the data was a standard questionnaire whose content validity was established and its reliability was confirmed using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. In this study, structural equation modeling and Smart Pls2 and SPSS 19 software were used to test the hypotheses. The results emerging from the data analyses revealed that creative deviance has a positive significant effect on innovation and human resources intelligence. Additionally, the results indicated that human intelligence has a mediating role in the effect of creative deviance on innovation inertia. Therefore, overall, it can be concluded that in knowledge-based organizations, the foundation of intelligent human resources, creative deviance and creative violation of the bureaucratic and restrictive regulations of the organization, lead to innovation and keep the knowledge-based organizations away from innovation inertia. Manuscript profile
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        59 - Relationship between social satisfaction and tendency to social deviations among students of Payame Noor Malekan University
        Nosrat Girbanian Mahmoud Elmi
        10.22034/ssyj.2021.1944790.1217
        Manuscript profile
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        60 - The relationship between marriage and prevention of sexual deviations among young people in Sanandaj
        Jahangir Valabeigi
        10.22034/ssyj.2023.1997942.1303
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        61 - A Multi-Objective Optimization Model Based on Genetic Algorithm for Voltage Management of Radial Distribution Networks in Tropical Areas of South of Iran Using a Combination of Fixed Capacitors and Voltage Regulators
        Ali Askarizadeh Elaheh Mashhour Mohsen Saniei
        This paper presents a multi-objective optimization model for optimal placement of fixed capacitors and voltage regulators to manage the voltage profile of radial distribution networks, in which the realities of the distribution network of Ahvaz city (as representing the More
        This paper presents a multi-objective optimization model for optimal placement of fixed capacitors and voltage regulators to manage the voltage profile of radial distribution networks, in which the realities of the distribution network of Ahvaz city (as representing the tropical regions of southern Iran) are considered. The objective functions include minimizing the investment cost, minimizing the sum of absolute value of the node’s voltage deviations from 1 p.u., and minimizing the cost of energy losses on the planning horizon. The optimization model is formulated by considering two different load patterns according to the warm and temperate periods of the year in Ahvaz city. The loads are modeled as a combination of constant power and constant impedance components and the share of each component in the warm and temperate periods of the year is considered in accordance with the actual conditions of the Ahwaz power distribution network. The cost of energy losses as well as the final profit of the project is calculated based on the current rules of Iranian power market for active and reactive powers. The optimization problem is solved using multi-objective non-dominated-sorting genetic algorithm-II (NSGA_II), and in order to choose the best answer among none-dominated Pareto front, a selection index is introduced. The proposed model is implemented on two 33 kV test feeders (i.e., a 33-bus test feeder and a real 123-bus feeder from Ahvaz distribution company) and the results are analyzed.  Manuscript profile
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        62 - Ishita Approach to Construct an Intuitionistic Fuzzy Linear Regression Model
        Abdullah القدیمی
        10.30495/fomj.2021.678780
        Manuscript profile
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        63 - A NEW APPROACH OF FUZZY NUMBERS WITH DIFFERENT SHAPES AND DEVIATION
        A. Ghanizadeh N. Parandin
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        64 - تحلیل درجه ریسک پذیری پنبه کاران ایران رهیافت: مدل غیر خطی میانگین- انحراف‌معیار
        ابراهیم مرادی اسماء عبداللهی درمیان
        با توجه به کاهش سطح زیر کشت پنبه در ایران طی سال‌های اخیر، بررسی درجه ریسک‌پذیری پنبه‌کاران بخش زراعی کشور امری ضروری است. بررسی‌ها نشان می‌دهد که عملکرد این محصول طی سال‌های گذشته، رشد کافی نداشته و هزینه تولید پنبه نیزافزایش داشته است. رشد قیمت پنبه متناسب با افزایش ه More
        با توجه به کاهش سطح زیر کشت پنبه در ایران طی سال‌های اخیر، بررسی درجه ریسک‌پذیری پنبه‌کاران بخش زراعی کشور امری ضروری است. بررسی‌ها نشان می‌دهد که عملکرد این محصول طی سال‌های گذشته، رشد کافی نداشته و هزینه تولید پنبه نیزافزایش داشته است. رشد قیمت پنبه متناسب با افزایش هزینه تولید این محصول در دوره مورد مطالعه نیست. در این پژوهش گرایش ریسکی پنبه‌کاران با استفاده از رهیافت پارامتری و مدل میانگین- انحراف معیار ساها بررسی شد. اطلاعات آماری و هزینه تولید استان‌های تولید‌کننده‌ عمده پنبه، طی سال‌های 1389-1379 گردآوری شد. با توجه به ماهیت تابلویی داده‌ها مدل‌های اقتصادسنجی در قالب داده‌های تابلویی تصریح و تخمین زده شد. نتایج حاکی از ریسک گریز بودن پنبه‌کاران است وگرایش ریسک گریزی پنبه‌کاران با افزایش نوسانات قیمت محصول (ریسک قیمتی) و عملکرد در هکتار افزایش می‌یابد. Manuscript profile
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        65 - An iterative method for tri-level quadratic fractional programming problems using fuzzy goal programming approach
        Semu Mitiku Kassa Teklay Hailay Tsegay
        Manuscript profile
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        66 - Robust uncapacitated multiple allocation hub location problem under demand uncertainty: minimization of cost deviations
        Aleksejs Lozkins Mikhail Krasilnikov Vladimir Bure
        Manuscript profile
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        67 - Kashf al-Asrār: An Aesthetic View
        فرشید وزیله
          Kashf al-Asrār va Oddato al Abrār (The Unveiling of the Secrets), written by Rashid al-Din Maybodi in 525 AH, is the first systematic commentary on Qurān in Persian language. Each chapter of this book contains three different levels: Level 1: Persian translatio More
          Kashf al-Asrār va Oddato al Abrār (The Unveiling of the Secrets), written by Rashid al-Din Maybodi in 525 AH, is the first systematic commentary on Qurān in Persian language. Each chapter of this book contains three different levels: Level 1: Persian translation of Qurān. Level 2: Common and exoteric commentary, covering major  gramma-tical, historical, ethical, and juridical matters. Level 3: Mystical commentary, including sayings, poetry and stories of the Sufi masters. This article reviews only level 3 and tries to examine the figures of speech – rhyming, antistasis, decorum, and antithesis – by showing the samples from the book.     Manuscript profile
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        68 - Study of Sea Surface Temperature (SST) & wind speed over coastal area of Hormozgan Province by satellite data
        M. Torabi Azad A. Mohammadi
        Interaction between sea and air is an important factor in controlling seasonal climatological variations in each environment. In this research, relationship between Sea Surface Temperature (SST) and wind speed over coastal area of Hormozgan province has been studied. In More
        Interaction between sea and air is an important factor in controlling seasonal climatological variations in each environment. In this research, relationship between Sea Surface Temperature (SST) and wind speed over coastal area of Hormozgan province has been studied. Initially the SST data of the area were collected using AVHRR sensor of NOAA satellite and the wind speed data were collected from QuikSCAT satellite. After analyzing the satellite data for the SST and wind speed, monthly, seasonal and annual variations of these data were studied. The significance of their variations were evaluated during years 1985-2008, using a long term study group of each variable as a control and then comparison was made using Duncan test. As the increasing trend of mean annual surface temperature and the decreasing trend in wind speed was significant, correlation coefficient between SST and wind speed was obtained. After plotting the time against surface temperature during the study period, it was observed that the minimum temperature was 21.11 ˚C in 2008 and the maximum was 33.12 ˚C in 2002. It was shown that there was 4.2 ˚C temperature difference between western and eastern region of the sea coast in summer and the temperature gradient reaches 3 ˚C in winter. It can be concluded that for summer 75% and for winter 33% increase (decrease) of the mean sea surface temperature takes place and the deviation of mean wind speed will be increase (decrease).                                         Manuscript profile
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        69 - Investigating the Asymmetric Effect of Deviation from Target Leverage and Asset Turnover on the Optimal Capital Structure Adjustment Speed
        Mohammad Ebrahim Rabeti Khatibi Negar Khosravi Pour
        10.30495/faar.2023.699786
        Abstract: Determining the optimal capital structure is one of the basic issues of financial provision of companies. This matter has an important application in the field of decision-making regarding the financing of current operations and investment plans of companies. More
        Abstract: Determining the optimal capital structure is one of the basic issues of financial provision of companies. This matter has an important application in the field of decision-making regarding the financing of current operations and investment plans of companies. Due to the lower risk of debt securities, the expected return of creditors is also lower than the expected return of shareholders. The main goal of this research is Investigating the Asymmetric Effect of Deviation from Target Leverage and Asset Turnover on the Optimal Capital Structure Adjustment Speed. the data of 119 companies during the years 2010 to 2021 were analyzed using the using the method of generalized moments. The results of the research showed that considering that the difference in speed between these two modes is statistically significant, it can be said that, consistent with the trade-off theory, deviation from the target lever is one of the factors affecting the Structure Adjustment Speed. Also, the results show that the speed of leverage adjustment will be significantly higher in companies that have a cash deficit compared to other companies. Also, examining the interactive effects of two variables, deviation from the target leverage and turnover imbalance on the capital structure adjustment speed, shows that in companies whose leverage is higher than the target and facing cash surplus, the annual adjustment speed is 88%, and in companies with leverage is lower than the target and facing a cash deficit, the speed of adjustment is not significant, and in companies whose leverage is higher than the target and facing a cash deficit, the annual adjustment speed is estimated at 59%. Therefore, based on the results of the companies whose leverage is higher or lower than the target, the surplus of cash funds compared to the deficit of cash funds has led to strengthening the adjustment speed. Manuscript profile
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        70 - Optimal DG Placement for Power Loss Reduction and Improvement Voltage Profile Using Smart Methods
        S.A Hashemi Zadeh O Zeidabadi Nejad S hasani A.A Gharaveisi GH Shahgholian
        Manuscript profile
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        71 - Gold Exchange Traded Fund : Price Discovery and Performance Analysis
        mahdi shaerattar akbar mirzapourbabajan
        The paper aims to examine the price discovery process and the performance of Gold Exchange Traded Funds (ETF) in Iran Mercantile Exchange (IME) for the period 2017/06/10 – 2019/09/18.The study has employed Johansen cointegration and Johansen’s Vector Error C More
        The paper aims to examine the price discovery process and the performance of Gold Exchange Traded Funds (ETF) in Iran Mercantile Exchange (IME) for the period 2017/06/10 – 2019/09/18.The study has employed Johansen cointegration and Johansen’s Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) for the price discovery analysis. The results show that the spot prices lead the Gold ETF price during the study period and ETF is only following the spot prices. Also Tracking Error analysis shows that, Gold ETF have neither outperformed nor underperformed the spot price. Price Deviation analysis indicates that Gold ETF is trading lower than the spot price of gold. The entire analysis reveals that although the price discovery takes place in the spot market, Gold ETF have performed as well as physical gold and the slight difference in price with that of Gold is only because of certain fees, which are applicable in the management of Gold ETF. Therefore, the expected price discovery for gold ETF in IME has not been realized. Manuscript profile
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        72 - Examining the Efficiency Models, Conditional Value at Risk and Mean Absolute Deviation and Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm under CVAR and MAD risk criterion in Selection Optimal Portfolio Shares Listed Firms on Stock Exchange
        dariuosh adinehvand Ebrahim ali Razini Rahmani Mahmod khoddam Fereydon Ohadi alhamsadat hashemizadeh
        Choosing the optimal stock portfolio is one of the main goals of capital management. There are several techniques and tools to solve problem the optimal portfolio. In this research, using data of 15 stocks which randomly selected from the Tehran Stock Exchange including More
        Choosing the optimal stock portfolio is one of the main goals of capital management. There are several techniques and tools to solve problem the optimal portfolio. In this research, using data of 15 stocks which randomly selected from the Tehran Stock Exchange including; PKOD, ZMYD, BPAS, FOLD, MKBT, GOLG, MSMI, PTAP, SSEP, AZAB, FKAS, NBEH, PFAN, GMRO and GSBE, the First return of these stocks are calculated daily in the period of 31/3/1394 -31/3/1399 for 5 years for 1183 days. Then and their portfolio risk is calculated using the models of absolute deviation risk and conditional value at risk, and these two criteria are compared by the classical solution method. The portfolio optimization output with each of these risks represents a different weight per share. In the following, the deviation - absolute risk model and conditional value at risk model of metaheuristic method using MATLAB (R2019) software are compared. The results show that the PSO model of metaheuristic method compared to the classical method in solving portfolio optimization problem showed more return in PSO-MAD criteria and therefore it is a better method to solve such portfolio optimization problems. Manuscript profile
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        73 - A new Stochastic Hybrid Technique for DER Problem
        Mohsen Mohammadi Nasser yousefi
        Manuscript profile
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        74 - Investigating rationalism in theological religions; Focusing on the Ash'are religion
        Yasir Alizadeh
        Reason and wisdom have an important place in religion and one of the key issues in the promotion and accurate, effective and deep understanding of religion is the recognition of religious deviations, irrationality and anti-rationalism in it. Since divine religions bene More
        Reason and wisdom have an important place in religion and one of the key issues in the promotion and accurate, effective and deep understanding of religion is the recognition of religious deviations, irrationality and anti-rationalism in it. Since divine religions benefit from holy power and make everything related to it holy, it causes some people to pursue their non-religious goals in the name of religion and religiosity. This article tries to address the grounds of the formation of anti-rationalism with the conceptualization of religious deviations and rationalism and examine the results of religious deviations and rationalism in the Ash'ari school. The grounds for the formation of anti-rationalism have been created in some religious schools of thought, and it is believed that the decline of rationality in Islam has developed with the spread of Ash'ariism, and Ash'ari has become the cause of the backwardness of the Islamic world. The main goal of this article is to prevent the damage of irrationality in the society by removing distortions from the holy religion of Islam. Manuscript profile
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        75 - The Study of social concepts in the Holy Qur'an with emphasis on social deviation and distortion to draw a semantic network
        tahereh hasoomi Parisa Hasan Zadeh
         The purpose of this study is to identify the social deviations mentioned in the Holy Quran in order to draw the semantic network. The statistical society of the present study is 243 verses from social verses coded, categorized and categorized by the categories of More
         The purpose of this study is to identify the social deviations mentioned in the Holy Quran in order to draw the semantic network. The statistical society of the present study is 243 verses from social verses coded, categorized and categorized by the categories of social verses On the subject of bias and tilt on social, sociology of conflict and sociology of hypocrisy Qualitative analysis was carried out. The method of analysis of this research is based on the theory of data fields It is based on thematic analysis of the verses and in the form of mixed (quantitative and qualitative) methods.After creating content analysis tables, the categories and sub categories of each verse were extracted In other words, first, with an interpretive look at each verse. The propositions of the content and orientations of each verse are divided and surahs and verses related to each category are presented below. The data analysis tool is in the small part of Excel software  And in quality section is the Maxqda software.The results of the research showed that the most verses related to the category of punishment and punishment with 60 verses (24.7%)   From the category of deviation and tilting on the social And the least verses related to self-reliance with 1 verse of the sociology of dissociation and degree of diversion with 1 verse (0.4 percent) are from the category of deviation and bias on the social. The present research of the semantic network is a way of representing the information in the subject matter in order to prove the existence of a comprehensive military system on the social concepts of the Holy Qur'an and the effectiveness of this system in guiding the human society. Manuscript profile
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        76 - Investigating the Impact of Poverty Culture on Social Diversions in Arak Suburbs(Case Study: Arak Garden Garden)
        Abas Khosravani Reza ali Mohseni Habib Sabourikhosroshahi
        The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of poverty culture in the suburban neighborhoods of Arak city on the social deviance in these neighborhoods. To this end, identifying the features of the culture of poverty and their impact on the three major soc More
        The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of poverty culture in the suburban neighborhoods of Arak city on the social deviance in these neighborhoods. To this end, identifying the features of the culture of poverty and their impact on the three major social deviations of these neighborhoods, namely drug use, theft And quarrels were investigated. Manuscript profile
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        77 - Defamiliarization in Saeb's Poetry
        Narges Oskooii
             Defamiliarization is one of the prominent theories of literary criticism.       Every artistic efforts that helps to rub off habitude and listlessness between the addresse and the writer which develops sensational unders More
             Defamiliarization is one of the prominent theories of literary criticism.       Every artistic efforts that helps to rub off habitude and listlessness between the addresse and the writer which develops sensational understanding, mind challenging and creativity, is defined as defamiliarization. It was introduced by V.B. Sheklovsky the Russian writer of past century, and now it is diverted in different types such as Lexical and syntactic. Saeb is one of the well-known poets of persian literature in the field of defamiliarization whom his creativity, new saying, and innovation was salient.       In this essay we are going to examine the major Styles of Saeb Considering defamiliarization of word, speech, meaning, and the necessity of their usage.      Manuscript profile

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