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Open Access Article
1 - Coverage Improvement In Wireless Sensor Networks Based On Fuzzy-Logic And Genetic Algorithm
Elaheh Radmehr HASSAN SHAKERI -
Open Access Article
2 - The effect of environmental factors on financial performance with the mediating role of coverage capabilities
mohamad Hadi Asgari Nadia Montazeri Mitra SadoughiObjective: The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of environmental factors and marketing capabilities of coverage on financial performance.Method: The present study is a descriptive-survey study based on the applied purpose. All managers, deputies and se MoreObjective: The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of environmental factors and marketing capabilities of coverage on financial performance.Method: The present study is a descriptive-survey study based on the applied purpose. All managers, deputies and senior experts of Bank Melli in Mazandaran province were considered as a statistical population. A total of 290 people were selected based on Krejcie and Morgan table and simple random sampling method as the research sample size. To assess the research variables, valid questionnaires of environmental factors Javarski and Kohli (1993) and Olsen et al. (2005), marketing capabilities of Vijand et al. (2012) and financial performance of Nicholas and Sardan (2011) were used. The validity of the structure was evaluated using confirmatory factor analysis and Cronbach's alpha coefficient greater than 0.7 for different structures confirmed their reliability. Data analysis was performed by structural equation modeling using LISREL software.Findings: The research findings showed that environmental factors have a positive and significant effect on the coverage capability and financial performance of the bank. The coverage capability of marketing also has a significant effect on financial performance.Conclusion: The results indicate that the ability to cover marketing has a mediating role in the impact of environmental factors on financial performance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - A survey on the discourses of the websites of the IRIB News Agency and Iran International TV channel in the 11th parliamentary elections in Iran
Mostafa Gholami Ebrahim Fathi jahandar amiriElection is a phenomenon through which people play a role in determining their own destiny and the acceptance of their country in today's world. In the days of elections, various media, relying on their accumulated social capital and the trust and confidence that the au MoreElection is a phenomenon through which people play a role in determining their own destiny and the acceptance of their country in today's world. In the days of elections, various media, relying on their accumulated social capital and the trust and confidence that the audience has in them, present their desired discourses in order to attract and guide the people towards their desired goals and objectives. The results of the media alignment and discourse battle are also determined immediately after the vote count. Registration of 42.57% turnout in the 11th parliamentary elections, which is the lowest turnout in all previous periods of the Iran's election history, requires exploring and analyzing the discourses of actors active in this field, which IRIB News Agency website and Iran International TV channel Website were selected in this study. The purpose of this study is to determine the discourse of the mentioned media by thematic analysis the texts of their election news in the period of January 21 to February 29, 2020 using MAXQDA software. Findings show that the discourse of IRIB Agency News Website with the nodal point of “maximum participation in the election” consists of the surrounding signifiers of “election”, “Islamic Republic”, “enemy” and “people” and the discourse of Iran International TV channel website with the nodal point of “election boycott” also includes the signifiers of “Islamic Republic”, “election”, “people” and “corona”. The framings and Image making of both media have fully served the nodal points of their desirable discourse. The low turnout in this election indicates the the discourse of election boycott has become hegemonic and its success in consolidating its semantic system and creating more consensus in the target community. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Individual and Social Effects and Achievements of Presence of News Media in the Hearings
Morteza Rasteh Faezeh TaghipourOne of the most important requirements of public hearings, as a basic component in order to achieve a fair hearing, is the presence of news media in court hearings and the publication of proceedings by them. The current research was carried out with the aim of explainin MoreOne of the most important requirements of public hearings, as a basic component in order to achieve a fair hearing, is the presence of news media in court hearings and the publication of proceedings by them. The current research was carried out with the aim of explaining the effects and individual and social achievements of the presence of news media in the hearings, which is known as one of the main elements of procedural transparency and achieving a sense of justice in the course of the proceedings by the public opinion, and with a descriptive method- Analytical and the use of library resources and data collection techniques by scanning the available works in the field of law and media have been studied. The authors of this article are looking for an answer to the question that basically, why should hearings be held publicly and with the presence of news media, and in the meantime, who is benefiting from the media coverage of the hearings? The findings include six categories: "transparency of proceedings and community monitoring of the functioning of the criminal justice system", "creating a sense of security and increasing public trust in the judicial system", "preventing crime through public education and increasing people's legal knowledge". Observing the defense rights of the accused and restoring his dignity", "encouraging witnesses and informants to testify truthfully and with certainty", "influencing the judge's performance and preventing judicial corruption". Therefore, it has been concluded that the presence of news media in hearings is a guarantee of individual rights and provides collective benefits Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Density in Relation to Patterns of Built-forms (Case Study: Addis Ababa, Ethiopia)
Daniel Lirebo Sokido -
Open Access Article
6 - “Iran Export Engineering &Technical Services” (Identifying Barriers & Offering Suggestions)
H. Nezakati Alizadeh, F. FarzmAccording to the performed research in the field of engineering & technical services export in Iran .And with consideration of existing problems in this section, 4 effective categories has been identified in main activities with their relevant sub-cat MoreAccording to the performed research in the field of engineering & technical services export in Iran .And with consideration of existing problems in this section, 4 effective categories has been identified in main activities with their relevant sub-categories including: Bank activities; Financing methods; Presenting exchange facilities; Exchange bank guarantee issuing conditions; Establishing international bank relationships; Insurance coverage, Companies capabilities, Machineries & equipments conditions, specialized humans resources abilities; attendance of Iranian consultant companies in target countries; Marketing techniques & approaches used by Iranian exporters; Economic environment (exchange); Exchange rate fluctuation, Internal inflation rate, Government activities; political supports by Government; Cooperation & expediting the administrative affairs by relevant organizations; Governmental rules & regulation stability; Export promotions & awards. And each subcategory has been specified on the basis of testing according to priority. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Modeling a Concentration Pattern on Critical Paths in Control of Project Delays
وحید روح العلم عباس شیخ ابومسعودی -
Open Access Article
8 - Analysis of Sustainable Urban Development Indicators on Urban Neighborhood Performance (Case Study: Bonab City Neighborhoods)
Azadeh Arbabi Sabzevari HAMED ALEESMAEILIntroduction: Cities are considered to be the main cause of instability in the world, and following the change in urban development and development factors, the discussion of sustainability and sustainable development regardless of residential neighborhoods and uncerta MoreIntroduction: Cities are considered to be the main cause of instability in the world, and following the change in urban development and development factors, the discussion of sustainability and sustainable development regardless of residential neighborhoods and uncertain urbanization will be. Objectives: The purpose of this study is to analyze the indicators of sustainable urban development on the performance of Bonab neighborhoods. Methods:. The present article is a descriptive-analytical in terms of practical purpose and is a descriptive-analytical method for examining the criteria of sustainable urban development in the form of three selected indicators and 57 sub-indicators of urban sustainable development. For information analysis, Pearson correlation coefficients, multivariate regression, data cover analysis, cross -performance, sensitivity analysis, and SPSS and dea Slover software have been used. Results and Discussion: The results of this study showed that due to the input indicators and output of sustainable urban development of 8 neighborhoods (4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11, 13), with an efficiency less than one percent As an inefficient neighborhoods and 5 neighborhoods (1, 2, 3, 6, 8), they are recognized as an efficient unit in terms of sustainable urban development indicators. One of the most important factors in neighborhoods is a great use of inputs against the production of small outputs. Conclusion: Inappropriate spatial distribution of urban activities and facilities and services across the city, the life of the livestock, the inconsistencies between the organs and organizations associated with the planning in the city of Bonab, and the lack of optimal use of factors. That is the difference in the performance of neighborhoods. In the meantime, inefficient neighborhoods must change their input indicators to move towards sustainable urban development. Conclusion: Inappropriate spatial distribution of urban activities and facilities and services across the city, the life of the livestock, the inconsistencies between the organs and organizations associated with the planning in the city of Bonab, and the lack of optimal use of factors. That is the difference in the performance of neighborhoods. In the meantime, inefficient neighborhoods must change their input indicators to move towards sustainable urban development. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Using a hybrid model of 3D GIS and meta-heuristic methods for optimizing tree shade coverage
Mohsen Ghods Hossein Aghamohammadi Zanjirabad Alireza Vafaeinezhad Saeed Behzadi Alireza GharagozloBackground and ObjectiveA method to reduce the absorption of solar radiation and prevent the creation of urban heat islands is to increase shade by vegetation. A shadow creating on buildings, causes houses to cool down, reduces energy consumption and costs, increases th MoreBackground and ObjectiveA method to reduce the absorption of solar radiation and prevent the creation of urban heat islands is to increase shade by vegetation. A shadow creating on buildings, causes houses to cool down, reduces energy consumption and costs, increases the value of houses, and creates a proper visual effect and a sense of well-being and vitality. Although economically, the amount of savings due to shade and cooling of the air for a tree during its lifetime in different climatic regions is different and depends on the type of tree, the amount of shade during the day and in different seasons of the year, but its effect on energy savings and costs are definite. The subject of the present study is strategic planning to increase the shade coverage of trees in urban residential areas. A simple way to create plenty of shade is to plant numerous trees around buildings. However, this method is impractical in many areas that face water shortages due to its high costs. In addition, the presence of additional shadows on the rooftop of the buildings will reduce the ability to be exposed to sunlight and the potential of using solar panels to generate electricity. So the main challenge is using a method that can provide maximum shade coverage on the facade surface and minimum shadow coverage on the rooftop with a few trees in optimal locations. The issue of locating trees with the aim of optimizing shade coverage, i.e. maximizing shade coverage on facades and opening components, and minimizing shadow coverage on the rooftop, is a Non-deterministic Polynomial hard (NP-hard) problem and has no exact solution. Therefore, the 3D Geographic Information System and the Ant Colony Optimization algorithm have been used for this purpose. Previous studies have often examined the effects of tree canopy shade on a single building. But in most cities in Iran, buildings are connected together and form a building block. So, instead of a single building, a building block is examined. In addition, in most previous studies, the effect of shade coverage of a maximum of two trees on the building has been investigated; while in this study, we examine the effect of shade coverage of 15 trees on the building block. None of the studies on optimizing the shade of trees on the facade of the building has used the meta-heuristic optimization methods and its combination with GIS. In this study, a hybrid model of GIS in a three-dimensional environment and ACO is used for maximizing the shade of trees on the facade and opening components of buildings, and minimizing the shade of trees on the rooftop.Materials and Methods Two types of data are required to perform the analysis; The building block properties, for example, dimensions, position, and size of the facade, rooftop, and opening components, and the tree properties (height and position). 3D GIS and ACO algorithms have been used to model tree shade coverage optimization. 3D GIS provides abilities for storing, analyzing, and creating 3D topologies, and ACO is used to summarize real-world conditions in a mathematical problem. GIS and trigonometric rules have been used to store geographical information and spatial topology. After storing the position, composition, and description information of 2D and 3D objects by topological data, Duffie and Beckman relations (2013) is used to extract the position of the shadow. Then, according to Church and Revelle, the Maximal Covering Location Problem (MCLP) is defined. For the following 3 reasons, ACO has been used for three-dimensional optimization; 1) The complex trigonometric rules in calculating the shadow coverage on buildings, 2) There is no deterministic solution for optimization problems because of nonlinear constraints including trigonometric functions, 3) The existence of continuous space around the building block that It is possible to place a tree in any position. The details of the steps are; 1) Define the set of possible locations for the tree based on the height, diameter of the canopy, and around space of the building block, 2) Use a method to place the first tree in all possible places around the building block during hot hours on certain days of the summer and calculate the maximum shade coverage on the building block based on the weight of the building components, 3) Remove the places that may be done in the tree canopy to prevent overlapping of tree canopies, 4) Repeat steps 2 and 3 to place the next trees in the possible places around the building block until the number of trees reaches the desired number of trees to create shade. Considering the infinite possible positions, a simplification step is required to limit the number of available positions. Therefore, the constant space is reduced to possible positions for locating Ni trees with two-meter spacing in the N-S and E-W directions. Further, the possible tree positions in front of the opening components are eliminated to make daylight available, have an outlook from the building, and comment through the doors. The minimum spacing of two meters between the trees and the building is set to prevent unnecessary shading on the rooftop.Results and Discussion MATLAB environment is used to optimize the shade coverage of trees using the ACO algorithm. For this purpose, properties of the buildings block such as length, width, height, are modeled in a struct in MATLAB. This struct has separate matrices for the north, east, south, and west views of the building block. Another matrix is also used to model the rooftop. Each element of the mentioned matrices is equal to 10× 10 cm from the surface of the building block and has a value of zero. To model the dimensions and location of doors and windows in each facade, another struct includes separate matrices for each facade is used. In these matrices, the amount of elements in the location of doors and windows is one. The characteristics of the sun in the study area are used, including azimuth and altitude of the sun on the studied days in 15-minute intervals from 9 to 15 hours. The shadow is created on building components, by placing the tree in any of the possible locations, and movement of the sun. The elements of the matrices equivalent to the shaded building components change from zero to one. The sum of the values of the matrix elements determines the amount of shadow created by the tree on each component of the building. The sum of the point multiplication of the door/window matrix elements in the facade matrix elements determines the amount of shadow created on the doors/windows. The objective function is defined and the ACO algorithm is used to maximize the shadow coverage of trees on the facade, doors/windows, and minimize the shadow coverage on the rooftop. The results of the ACO show that the optimal shade coverage on the buildings block, which creates the most shade on the facade and doors and windows and the least shade on the roof, depends on the number of trees and the position of the doors and windows in buildings block. In general, as the number of trees increases, the amount of shadow created on the building block components increases.Conclusion The results of the ACO showed that for buildings, in the northern hemisphere, the trees in the north of the buildings have no effect on casting shadows on the components of the building. Due to the fact that in arid and tropical regions there are restrictions on planting trees, finding a suitable position for trees plays an important role in optimizing the shade coverage. Due to the high heat transfer through the doors and windows compared to the facade and rooftop, the higher weight is considered for these components in the objective function. Finding the optimal position of the trees depends a lot on the position of the doors and windows in the building to create the most shadow on these components. For a buildings block with the number and dimensions of buildings assumed in the research and according to the dimensions and position of doors and windows, planting a tree in one of the positions K10, K16, K22, or K28 creates the most optimal shade. These positions are 2 meters from south of the buildings and in the middle of two windows. On average, this tree provides 7.48, 9.22, and 0.85% shade respectively on the facade, doors /windows, and rooftop from 9 to 15 o'clock in four days studied. In the case of planting two trees, two positions from positions K10, K16, K22, or K28 still provide the optimal shade. On average, these two trees provide 13.88%, 18.64%, and 1.69% of shade respectively on the whole facade, doors /windows, and rooftop at 9:00 AM to 3:00 PM. In the case of three trees, positions K8, K18, and K22, in the case of four trees, positions K14, K20, K26, and K32, in the case of five trees, positions K8, K14, K20, K26, and K32 create the optimal shadow. Shading coverage in the case of three trees, is 21.07, 28.54, and 2.54%, respectively on the facade, doors/windows, and rooftop, in the case of four trees, is 24.96, 35.36 and 3.39% respectively on the façade, doors/windows, and rooftop and in the case of five trees is 33.26, 44.70 and 3.95% respectively on the facade, doors/windows, and rooftop. By planting five trees, more than 88% of the south façade and more than 90% of the south façade doors/windows of the building will be covered with shade. However, due to the goal of optimizing the shadow on the building and the greater weight of the doors and windows, the ACO has optimized the position of the trees in such a way that more surfaces of the doors and windows are exposed to the shadows. Due to the fact that in the case of five trees, 90% of the southern facade is in the shade of trees, in the case of six trees, in addition to the southern facade, the eastern and western facades are also considered for planting trees. So that the positions K8, K14, K20, and K30 are chosen in the distance of 2 meters from the south and the position of H2 is chosen in the distance f 2 meters from the west, and the position of H36 is chosen in the distance of 2 meters from the east. On average, these trees provide 33.95%, 42.29%, and 3.64% shade respectively on the facade, doors/windows, and rooftop. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Constraint Search based Test Data Generation to cover Prime Paths in Structural Testing
Ebrahim Fazli Mojtaba AajamiThis paper presents a novel scalable Constraint Search Based method forTest Data Generation, called CSBTDG, used in structural testing. CSBTDG outperforms existing methods for test data generation in several orders of magnitude, both in time and constraint efficiency. S MoreThis paper presents a novel scalable Constraint Search Based method forTest Data Generation, called CSBTDG, used in structural testing. CSBTDG outperforms existing methods for test data generation in several orders of magnitude, both in time and constraint efficiency. Search-based software testing is a powerful automated method to generate test inputs for software under test. Its goal is to reach a branch or a statement in a program. One major limitation of this approach is an insufficiently informed fitness function to start and guide search toward a test target within nested predicates (constraints). Another important limitation of this approach about equality constraints. To address these problems we propose a new search method based on integrating constraint programming using choco constraint solver and the Gray Wolf heuristic search algorithm. Preliminary experiments promise efficiency and effectiveness for the new constraint search based test data generation approach using multiple fitness functions.Test data generation is done by solving constraints related to test paths extracted from the program under test [3][2]. In general, the constraint solving problem of the test paths is a sub problem of a wider set of problems called constraint satisfaction problem (CSP) [4]. Formally, a constraint satisfaction problem is defined as a triple (X, D, C). X represents a set of variables, D is a set of range of values for variables and C is a set of constraints. Constraint satisfaction is the process of finding solutions for a set of constraints that satisfy the conditions imposed on the variables. Evaluation of variables is a function of a subset of variables to a specific set of values in the corresponding domains. The proposed solution is called consistent evaluation if none of the constraints are violated. An evaluation is a complete evaluation if it includes all variables. If the assessment is consistent and complete, it is a solution. It is said that such evaluation is a solution to the constraint satisfaction problem. Therefore, a solution is a set of values for the variables that satisfy all the constraints, that is, a point in the feasible region. The main innovation of this article is to present a cooperation model to exchange information between the solver and the searcher. In this model of data generation, the test solver is an initial setup to assign values to some variables to start searching for the meta-heuristic algorithm. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Gray analysis in the evaluation of sports and cultural recreation places in Isfahan city: an approach to optimizing social function
Abdolhamid Jamali Mehdi Salimi Davoud Nasr EsfahaniAbstractObjective: The purpose of this research was to identify a set of indicators for the evaluation of recreational sports pools in Isfahan, which was carried out using gray relation analysis. methodology: This research is descriptive-analytical in terms of practical MoreAbstractObjective: The purpose of this research was to identify a set of indicators for the evaluation of recreational sports pools in Isfahan, which was carried out using gray relation analysis. methodology: This research is descriptive-analytical in terms of practical purpose and in terms of data collection and research design. The statistical population of this research included all professors and experts (including managers, experts and inspectors) in the field of sports with a special focus on the field of swimming. The approach of this research is hybrid, and for this reason, purposeful snowball sampling was used for sampling in the qualitative part, and the number of samples was determined based on the theoretical saturation level, which was 13 people. In the quantitative section, due to the large size of the population, the sample size was estimated to be 380 people using the Cochran method. In the qualitative part, in order to reach the indicators, a library study was done, and in order to complete it, an interview method was used to complete it. In the quantitative section, experts' opinions were used to determine the final indicators, and then, with the cooperation of sports centers, necessary measures were taken to collect information on the indicators. The scope of the research included 20 pools located in 15 different areas of Isfahan, Sepahanshahr and Baharestan. In order to analyze the data in the qualitative part, inductive theme analysis and in the quantitative part, second-order confirmatory factor analysis in PLS software and gray relation analysis in Excel software were used. To ensure the validity of the questionnaires, face validity and construct validity were used, and Cronbach's alpha was used to ensure reliability. Results: Based on the findings, indicators of the state of equipment and facilities, infrastructure and structure, technology, location, architecture and building design, manpower, safety and health, marketing factors, management factors and the quality of ancillary services were approved for the evaluation of pools and based on the gray relationship of the pool Azadi and Revolution have the highest rating, and sample pools and Behtovan pools do not have a good rating. Conclusion: From the information status of these pools, it is clear that the infrastructure, safety and health, marketing factors, technology, architecture and building design, and management factors are things that can be very effective in competitiveness and attraction of the audience and should be considered in the management of pools. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - استفاده ار تکنیک برش برنامه برای کاهش هزینه های تست نرم افزار
اصغر محمدیان بهمن آراسته -
Open Access Article
13 - Merging Similarity and Trust Based Social Networks to Enhance the Accuracy of Trust-Aware Recommender Systems
Leily Sheugh Sasan H. Alizadeh -
Open Access Article
14 - Improving Energy-Efficient Target Coverage in Visual Sensor Networks
Behrooz Shahrokhzadeh Mehdi Dehghan MohammadReza Shahrokhzadeh -
Open Access Article
15 - A Benders' Decomposition Method to Solve Stochastic Distribution Network Design Problem with Two Echelons and Inter-Depot Transportation
Vahid Reza ghezavati -
Open Access Article
16 - Reasons and explanations of Mashhadian girls and women of their choice and form of coverage
Gholamreza sadig Mostafa ganizadhWomen’s coverage as a social choice has a historical significance in Iranian society This case has been discussed in recent years. The purpose of the present study has been to find out the Mashhadi women and girls’ reasons in their selectio MoreWomen’s coverage as a social choice has a historical significance in Iranian society This case has been discussed in recent years. The purpose of the present study has been to find out the Mashhadi women and girls’ reasons in their selection of their coverage. achieve this goal, the methodology of grounded theory has been used. In this study , 29 Mashhadian women were interviewed. The results are presented in the form of three impressions titled: The spectrum of Women's Coverage, Women's Subjective Principles on Coverage, and Discrepancy in the Meaning of Coverage. This article explains the most influential cases in women 's personal choices such as Personal favorites, Spouse's comments, Media Influence, Autonomous fashion, Recreational requirements, being attractive for men, etc. and also social factors and women's mentality about their coverage and others, and it has been shown that there is no fixed norm or no common overlapping mentality. This can lead to many social issues. It was also found that women had two types of mental principles about their coverage. Bringing some nakedness to the ground and concealing reasons or causes for being worn. And some other bringing worn to the ground and concealing reasons or causes for reducing their coverage. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - رابطه بین درک خواندن زبان اموزان ایرانی، میزان دانش واژگانی و پوشش واژگانی متن: موردی از ژانرهای روایی و استدلالی
نادر اسدی آیدین لو میترا تقی نژاداین مطالعه به بررسی رابطه بین درک خواندن زبان اموزان ایرانی، میزان دانش واژگانی و پوشش واژگانی متن در ژانرهای روایی و استدلالی می پردازد. بدین منظور 120 دانشجوی مرد و زن بر اساس ازمون نلسون از میان دانشجویان دانشگاه ازادواحد تالش انتخاب شدند. تست نلسون به مظور همگ Moreاین مطالعه به بررسی رابطه بین درک خواندن زبان اموزان ایرانی، میزان دانش واژگانی و پوشش واژگانی متن در ژانرهای روایی و استدلالی می پردازد. بدین منظور 120 دانشجوی مرد و زن بر اساس ازمون نلسون از میان دانشجویان دانشگاه ازادواحد تالش انتخاب شدند. تست نلسون به مظور همگن سازی دانشجویان در مهارت خواندن گرفته شد. سپس محقق دانشجویان را با دو ازمون درک مطلب با ژانرهای استدلالی و روایی از لحاظ دانش واژگانی و پوشش واژگانی درهر متن مورد ارزیابی قرار داد. دانش وازگانی دانشجویان بوسیله لولز تست و پوشش واژگانی متن از طریق جدیدترین نوع پروفایل واژگان مورد اندزه گیری قرار گرفت. به منظور دستیابی به میزان رابطه بین متغیرها رابطه پیرسون مورد استفاده قرار گرفت. نتایج به دست امده از تحلیل ها نشانگر رابطه چشمگیری میان درک مطلب در ژانرهای مختلف , دانش واژگانی و پوشش وازگانی متن بود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - Evaluating educational inequalities in attaining educational opportunities: A case study of Dehloran`s elementary schools in the academic year 2011-2012
Javad ShirKarami Saeed BakhtiarpourIn this study, the issue of educational inequalities is investigated in different educational areas through a case study at Dehloran`s elementary schools. The present study is a documentary study; the demographic data required for this study has been acquired by statist MoreIn this study, the issue of educational inequalities is investigated in different educational areas through a case study at Dehloran`s elementary schools. The present study is a documentary study; the demographic data required for this study has been acquired by statistical data from the recent census of population and Housing as well as information regarding education (students, teachers and educational buildings) using the statistics provided by Dehloran education office. Then, the statistics were classified and adjusted in the researcher made information. To compare and rank the amount to which different areas and regions (rural or urban) benefit from elementary education, indicators and formulas for educational planning such as the index of region selection, Gini coefficient, Lorenz curve, and benefit levels chart were used. Moreover, in order to determine the educational inequalities, the data was analyzed using enrollment fees and the actual educational coverage, the ratio of students to teachers, utilization coefficient of educational spaces, and rates of the educational efficiency. The results of this study indicate that there is not a proper balance among different regions and areas (weather urban or rural) of Dehloran in terms of benefited educational opportunities. In terms of enrollment fees and educational coverage as well as access to elementary school teachers, urban areas as compared with rural areas and boys as compared with girls are at a higher level. Urban areas have more access to educational spaces compared to rural areas. As for the rates of educational efficiency, girls and urban areas are superior to boys and rural areas, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - Soil Variability Affecting by Trees rooting and Canopy Coverage in Hassan-Abad Sanandaj Afforestation
shetav saedi hashem habashi vahid hosseiniAbstract In this study trees crown covering and rooting effects on soil characteristic varability were studied. For this purpose, 4species include:pinus nigra, Cupressus arizonica, Fraxinus rotundifolia and Robinia pseudoucacia were selected with 43 years&ndash MoreAbstract In this study trees crown covering and rooting effects on soil characteristic varability were studied. For this purpose, 4species include:pinus nigra, Cupressus arizonica, Fraxinus rotundifolia and Robinia pseudoucacia were selected with 43 years–aged affores tostion in Hasnabad–Sanandaj 22 rectungle sample plot (900m2) were chosen and allometric trees data include:DBH, height and Crown diameter were measured then annual DBH & height incremevt were calcuted. We computed crown covering percentage in plot after 43 years. Then 112 Auger soil samples in 0-20 and 20-40 cm depth around of selected trees were taken afterward subsequently physical and chemical soil characteristics were determined Roots separated by washing then volume, wet weight and dry weight were determind. Comperation physical and chemical soil properties under canopy and around tree in different variation shown that after 43 years afferece on soil charecteris. Finally pinus nigra introduce as the best afforestation and much compatible species. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - Effect of substrate and humic acid on some morphophysiological traits and water consumption of Carpobrotus edulis L. in a green roof system
Maliheh Rabbani Kheir Khah Fatemeh KazemiThe health of plants in green roof conditions depends to a large extent on the supply of water required by plants. The composition of the substrate is effective in maintaining the moisture and making it available to the plant, and one of the solutions to reduce water co MoreThe health of plants in green roof conditions depends to a large extent on the supply of water required by plants. The composition of the substrate is effective in maintaining the moisture and making it available to the plant, and one of the solutions to reduce water consumption in the green roof is improving the substrate. In this study, water requirement and some morphophysiological traits of Carpobrotus edulis L. were studied under substrate and humic acid treatment. The research was conducted in green roof box conditions as a factorial experiment based on a randomized complete block design with three replications from May to September 2020 in Mashhad. The first factor was substrate including Substrate 1 (soil 20% + 20% Leica + 20% perlite + mineral pumice + 20% leaf soil), Substrate 2 (substrate 1 + 6% by weight of bentonite), Substrate 3 (substrate 1+ 12% by weight of bentonite), soilless Substrate 4 (27% mineral pumice + 27% Leica + 27% perlite + 20% leaf soil), Substrate 5 (substrate 4 + 6% by weight bentonite), and Substrate 6 (substrate 4+ 12% by weight of bentonite). The second factor was the concentration of humic acid (0, 100, and 200 mg L-1) applied as fertigation every 15 days. Soil-containing substrates performed significantly better than soilless substrates and the highest coverage, root length, and volume of green roof plants were observed in substrate 3 (containing soil and 12% by weight of bentonite). The highest leaf water and chlorophyll contents and the lowest relative saturation deficit, carotenoids, phenols, and leaf carbohydrates were observed in Substrate 3, which show the physiological stability of the plant under stress conditions, was evident in substrate 3. Application of 200 mg/L humic acid was associated with the best growth and physiological performance of plants. A substrate rich in moisture and nutrients, including 20% Soil + 20% Leica + 20% perlite +20% mineral pumice + 12% w bentonite + 200 mg/L humic acid resulted in the plants with optimal water consumption. The presence of soil and mineral superabsorbent (bentonite) in the green roof substrate is especially important in terms of moisture retention, and of course, the supplementary nutrition of plants in the green roof also improves their performance in the green roof. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - A Green Closed-loop Supply Chain with Allocating Retailer to Probabilistic Customers by Considering Electric Converter of CO2 to O2 in Vehicles
Omid Keramatlou Nikbakhsh Javadian Hosein Dideh Khani Mohammad Amirkhan -
Open Access Article
22 - A Genetic-based Algorithm to Solve Priority-based Target Coverage Problem in Directional Sensor Networks
Leila Ajam Ali Nodehi Hosein Mohamadi -
Open Access Article
23 - MOEICA: بهینه سازی چند هدفه پیشرفته براساس الگوریتم رقابت استعماری
امیرعلی نظری علی دیهیمیدر این مقاله، یک الگوریتم رقابت استعماری (MOEICA) چند هدفه پیشرفته ارائه شده است. ساختار اصلی ICA ابتکاری به کاربرده می شوند در حالی که برخی رویکردهای جدیدی نیز توسعه یافته اند. به غیر از مرتب سازی غیر تحت سلطه و روش فاصله ازدحا Moreدر این مقاله، یک الگوریتم رقابت استعماری (MOEICA) چند هدفه پیشرفته ارائه شده است. ساختار اصلی ICA ابتکاری به کاربرده می شوند در حالی که برخی رویکردهای جدیدی نیز توسعه یافته اند. به غیر از مرتب سازی غیر تحت سلطه و روش فاصله ازدحام که به عنوان ابزار اصلی برای مقایسه و رتبه بندی راه حل استفاده می شود، یک رویکرد مقایسه کمکی که اختیار فازی نامیده می شود نیز گنجانیده شده است. این طرح جدید کشورهای بیشتری را برای شرکت در هدایت مردم به سمت مسیرهای جستجوی مختلف قادر می سازد. علاوه بر این بار محاسباتی الگوریتم با انجام فرایند مرتب سازی در هر تکرار قوی نیست اما در برخی از فواصل از پیش تعریف شده کاهش خواهد یافت. فراوانی که با در نظر گرفتن پارامترانتخابی کنترل می شود،علاوه بر این، بازآفرینی امپراتوری و امپریالیسم چندین بار در طول پیشرفت بهینه سازی، اکتشاف بهتر و شانس کمتری برای دام افتادن در بهینه محلی را تشویق می کند. دلیل شایستگی های الگوریتم بر روی پانزده توابع الگو در شرایط معیارهای عملکرد مختلف مورد آزمایش قرارگرفت. نتایج از طریق مقایسه NSGA-II و MOPSO نشان می دهد که MOEICA حل کننده چند هدفه موثر تر و قابل اعتماد با توانایی زیادی در مرز پارتو حقیقی برای آزمون عملکردها در این مقاله را پوشش می دهد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - Representing a Model for Improving Connectivity and Power Dissipation in Wireless Networks Using Mobile Sensors
Nasrin Elyasi Omid Pourgalehdari -
Open Access Article
25 - Presenting a Hybrid Method to Increase Lifetime of Wireless Sensor Networks Using Effective Determination of Operating Mode of Sensors in Regional Coverage
Javad Aramideh Homayun Motameni -
Open Access Article
26 - Assessment suitable Ecotourism place by Geography Information System Technical (Deylaman zone: Case study)
Mehrdad ramzanipour mahmood roshani eisa pourramzanIntroduction Today, tourism is known to be one of the big industries in the world that imposes direct and indirect effect on economy and social sections of human life. Some scholars argue that tourism is an independent section and emphasize the industrial being MoreIntroduction Today, tourism is known to be one of the big industries in the world that imposes direct and indirect effect on economy and social sections of human life. Some scholars argue that tourism is an independent section and emphasize the industrial being of it. In the world of today, tourism has a comprehensive approach toward ecotourism because people are travelling to natural settings and try to enjoy the natural views, wild animals, plants, etc. In addition to making money for government and the natives, this section has a significant role in preserving plant and animal environment. Research Methodology To work out data on the map of plant coverage, Land sat 7 satellite data estimating ETM was utilized. Similarly, to work out digital layers of slope, and its direction, intensity of sunlight, co-height elevations, spatial data collection such as co-temperature, co-precipitation, and soil tissue for analysis and locating purposes, DEM latitude model with a high spatial resolution of 80 was used. * Responsible Author: mehr5490@yahoo.com Tourism ecologic model is divided to two recreationally focused and extended ecological models. Each model can be split into three talented, semi-talented, and untalented classes. Based on the tourism ecologic model, the present study tries to recognize talented class in the region under the study. According to the given criteria, needed layers for co-coverage analysis in Geographical information system with raster format and in conditional method were produced. After the layers were transformed to format taking, talented regions were identified and calculated through cooperation method. Results In order to recognize suitable ecotourism places, the most desirable temperature conditions, that is the average co-temperature level of between 13 and 17 centigrade in six warm months and co-precipitation level of between 20 and 50 milliliter were used. The slopes having less sunlight were considered as talented classes because the shadowy regions are more desirable to tourists due to intensity of sunlight in mountainous areas. On the other hands, the presence of resistant geological rocks (volcanic rocks) has been considered as a one of the factors of locating. Meanwhile, since condensed plant coverage acts as an obstacle in moving and watching abilities of tourists, the best possible plant coverage of suitable places was considered as semi-condensed area. Accordingly, since tourists choose leveled lands as their deployment factors, the slope parameter of between 0 and 5 percent was considered. Here, the eastern slope is considered as 67.5 to 11.25 degree compared to northern slope since these slopes enjoy more desirable condition of shadow taking (figure 8). Conclusion Using Geographical information system and factors involved for locating places in the region, the researchers recognized that all talented regions for conducting tourism projects are located in the country region of Deylaman. It is obvious that the mentioned regions enjoy more desirably climatic conditions in warm seasons of the year than other regions. Based on the final model resulted from the common layers that are used in locating places, it was possible to have easy access to all sites and all are located in a rather close distance from roads. As the final model indicates, it is clear that all sites are located in bottom line of rivers with a slope of 5 percent, which makes accessibility to water resources easier. These sites provide temporary deployment of tourists, and if more welfare facilities are provided, tourists may stay in these sites for longer time. Finally, it can be said that based on ecologic criteria, suitable sites of tourism can be identified and matched with natural condition of the region through satellite system of GIS. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - Fault tolerant system with imperfect coverage, reboot and server vacation
Madhu Jain Rakesh Kumar Meena -
Open Access Article
28 - Deal agreement on Iranian law and Imami jurisprudence
mostafa yosefzadeh gandvani javad niknehad behnam ghanbarporBargaining agreements play an important role in reducing transaction risk and increasing the efficiency of financial markets and attract cash capital to production units and factories. On the other hand, the lack of accurate knowledge of the nature of this efficient fin MoreBargaining agreements play an important role in reducing transaction risk and increasing the efficiency of financial markets and attract cash capital to production units and factories. On the other hand, the lack of accurate knowledge of the nature of this efficient financial instrument has caused doubts in the use and development through this financial instrument and these contracts should not be common in the financial markets as it should be. The nature of the option contract in the primary markets is determined by the seller's commitment to perform a certain legal action in the future in return for the exchange, and in the secondary markets the transfer of a certain right in return. In this study, we intend to study and analyze the nature, characteristics, effects and provisions of option contracts from the perspective of traditional Iranian law and the teachings of Imami jurisprudence by looking at the economic needs and interests of the country. Regarding the various aspects of the case, Imami jurists will finally conclude that the use of optional contracts is generally legal and sharia, and objections such as arrogance and gambling are not relevant in the said contract and Article 10 of the Civil Code can be the best format. To justify the contract is considered a transaction option and the use of this financial instrument can play a worthy role in the realization of a resistance economy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
29 - Application of Satellite Data and Data Mining Algorithms in Estimating Coverage Percent (Case study: Nadoushan Rangelands, Ardakan Plain, Yazd, Iran)
Zinab Mirshekari Majid Sadeghinia Saeideh Kalantari Maryam Asadi -
Open Access Article
30 - Improvement of Coverage Algorithm in WSN in Terms of Sensor Numbers and Power Amount
Iman Khandani Reza Sabbaghi-Nadooshan Fardad Farokhi -
Open Access Article
31 - Distributed Black-Box Software Testing Using Negative Selection
Ramin Rahnamoun -
Open Access Article
32 - Evaluating the performance of bank branches using fuzzy network data envelopment analysis model with optional input-undesirable output
Hasan Amini Javid` Mohammad Ebrahim Mohammadpoor Zarandi Mirfeiz fallahshams naghi shojaThe purpose of this research is to provide a model for evaluating the performance of bank branches using the network coverage analysis model using fuzzy data. In this research, an attempt was made to use a model based on the traditional model of data envelopment analysi MoreThe purpose of this research is to provide a model for evaluating the performance of bank branches using the network coverage analysis model using fuzzy data. In this research, an attempt was made to use a model based on the traditional model of data envelopment analysis, taking into account factors such as the network nature and internal relationships of each decision-making unit, undesirable output, non-optional input, and the variables having a fuzzy nature. which is more consistent with the actual conditions related to the decision-making units and calculates the efficiency in a more accurate way.After presenting the research model, first, based on the studies conducted in the past researches and field studies and obtaining opinions from experts in this industry, indicators were considered as input and output. After identifying the indicators, fuzzy Delphi method was used for initial screening of the indicators. In the following, confirmatory factor analysis technique was used to finalize the screened indicators. At the end of the research, the developed model was solved using the data collected from the studied branches, by Gams software and with the alpha cutting approach. The results indicate that among the 34 investigated branches, 8 are efficient and 26 are ineffective. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
33 - Juridical feasibility of weather derivatives using multi-stage ijtihad research method
mohammad talebi mohsen sayar hanieh fadaei wahedThe agricultural industry, which is referred to as a mothers industry, faces many risks, which has reduced investors' willingness to invest in this industry. Some of these risks, including disaster risk, are considered to be the specific risks of this industry. Develope MoreThe agricultural industry, which is referred to as a mothers industry, faces many risks, which has reduced investors' willingness to invest in this industry. Some of these risks, including disaster risk, are considered to be the specific risks of this industry. Developed countries use a variety of instruments, such as weather derivatives, to cover these risks. Weather derivatives, like other derivatives used in financial markets, are based on their base assets, with the difference that the base asset in weather derivatives is the temperature index, rainfall, snowfall, and etc. This research, while reviewing the nature of the weather derivatives, has provided a juridical feasibility study for the implementation of this financial instrument. The research method used in this research is a multi-stage Ijtihadi model. The results of this research indicate that the lack of legal permission to use this instrument is due to the conflict with the principle of the prohibition of fake money and the existence of a dilemma of the underlying asset ineligibility. However fixing the drawbacks and develop Islamic financial instruments in accordance with the Imam's jurisprudence is not far from mind. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
34 - Examining the communication process of social networks in order to model the planning and management of crisis news coverage
Mohammad amin Ramezani Ismail Abad Shahnaz Hashemi Mohammad SoltanifarThe planning and management of the news field in all prominent and professional media of the world takes place in completely different conditions: one in a normal situation and another in abnormal and critical conditions. It is obvious that under normal circumstances, t MoreThe planning and management of the news field in all prominent and professional media of the world takes place in completely different conditions: one in a normal situation and another in abnormal and critical conditions. It is obvious that under normal circumstances, the news editors who are in charge of managing media activities and endeavors are able to design and implement their news schedule in such a way that both their goals and media missions reach a desirable end and The needs, desires and preferences of the audience should be provided. The purpose of this research is to investigate the communication process of social networks in order to model the planning and management of crisis news coverage. The results show that in a crisis situation where information is distorted on the one hand, and on the other hand, usual technologies of power and, accordingly, decision-making and management methods in normal conditions do not work, any plan requires the appropriate productivity of knowledge. It is a different strategy and special power technologies. It should plan to prevent the crisis or minimize its effects when the worst situations occur and then look for ways to manage and solve it. Concepts such as crisis and crisis management towards the duties of managers and how they deal with the crisis, factors that aggravate or prevent the crisis such as news writing styles, the role images, news centers in crisis situations, the rumor market and crisis models are very important in this regard. Are important. Manuscript profile
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