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Open Access Article
1 - The dispute settlement mechanism between member countries of the Shanghai Organization
reza shokri golnaz amjadi ali ilkhaniThe Shanghai Pact is one of the most important security-economic blocs in the Asia-Pacific region and one of the few successful international organizations among Asian countries. A significant part of this success can be attributed to the benefit of the mentioned organi MoreThe Shanghai Pact is one of the most important security-economic blocs in the Asia-Pacific region and one of the few successful international organizations among Asian countries. A significant part of this success can be attributed to the benefit of the mentioned organization from the integrated infrastructures that its members designed and implemented step by step since its establishment. This research, using the analytical and explanatory method as much as possible, tries to provide an accurate and scientific answer to the question raised in line with the goals of the organization. Dealing with this issue requires the analytical method of documents and library data and among the factors affecting the countries that are members of the Shanghai Treaty. One of the fundamental elements of the structure of the Shanghai Treaty is the multi-part dispute resolution system in which the present article will examine the scope of the competent authority's actions in the proceedings in each of the disputes. The present article is based on the fact that the description and recognition of this part of the Shanghai legal system can be effective in implementing its dispute resolution models in other international organizations among developing countries; Organizations whose lack of proper infrastructure has made their efficient operation face many obstacles. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - The agreement between the Islamic Republic of Iran and Saudi Arabia and its effect on the activism of the Palestinian resistance groups
Mohammadbagher Mokaramipour sohrab Mohammadzadeh Neda ParsaThe Middle East as a special security complex due to its ambiguous and complex situation has always been the scene of alliance and competition between the great extra-regional powers and the regional powers, and among them, the countries of Iran and Saudi Arabia as the MoreThe Middle East as a special security complex due to its ambiguous and complex situation has always been the scene of alliance and competition between the great extra-regional powers and the regional powers, and among them, the countries of Iran and Saudi Arabia as the two determining and possessing powers. Influence in the region, they have the necessary power to shape and influence the relations of the West Asian region. So that it can be clearly seen that the region of West Asia and North Africa is affected by the policies of the two mentioned countries and the quality of their relations with each other. Therefore, the resumption of relations between the two countries, which - after 7 years of complete termination of relations, during five rounds of negotiations in Baghdad and Oman, finally took place on March 10, 2023 with the mediation of China in Beijing and - with the signing of a peace agreement , is very important. This agreement, which has had a wide coverage in the regional and world media due to its many consequences on regional relations, raises many questions about regional issues. In this research, the authors of the work seek to investigate the effect of this special and bilateral agreement on the activism of the Palestinian resistance groups. Therefore, the main question of this research can be posed as "What effect will the agreement between Iran and Saudi Arabia have on the activism of the Palestinian resistance groups?". In response to the said question, which the authors of the work came up with a descriptive-analytical approach to answer, such a hypothesis can be proposed that: based on the theory of "structural realism" and also the theory of "Balance of threat", the mentioned agreement.. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Examining Relationship Between Organizational Culture and Knowledge Management (KM) Implementation in Central Tehran Branch Faculty of Management
Ayoub Pazhouhan Alireza AmirkabiriKnowledge management that is one of ways for promoting organizational survivalconditions, when will be successfully performed in organization if the appropriate culturalcontext be provided to this system that previously. Because the guidance of current knowledgein organ MoreKnowledge management that is one of ways for promoting organizational survivalconditions, when will be successfully performed in organization if the appropriate culturalcontext be provided to this system that previously. Because the guidance of current knowledgein organization, is a human issue, and completely relates to human resources and depends tostaff organizational culture. Therefore organizations should provide the appropriate culture forsuccessful performance of knowledge management.The purpose of this study is examining relationship among organizational culture andknowledge Management (KM) Implementation in Central Tehran Branch Faculty ofManagementStatistical population of this study includes the whole staff personnel and faculty members ofCentral Tehran Branch, faculty of management ( N: 180), that this number 70 staff personneland 110 faculty members and sample of this research( N: 120), include 40 staff personnel and80 faculty members. For gathering data in this study tow questionnaires, ( %76 validity fororganizational culture questionnaire and %96 validity for knowledge management) have beenused. The respondents evaluated the situation of organizational culture and knowledgemanagement implementation averages in the faculty of management and the results showed thatthere are meaningful relation between organizational culture and it’s categories include:management support, organizational belongings, individual creativity. and leadership style withimplementation of knowledge management in both groups of statistical population and whereasthere is meaningful relation between agreement to conflict and implementation knowledgemanagement in staff group, But in faculty members, there is not meaningful relation betweenagreement to conflict and implementation knowledge management in faculty of management. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - The Content and Territorial Extent of Moral Exception in the World Trade Organization
وحید Bozorgi A.H FathizadehThe aim of this article is to determine the content and territorial extent of moral exception in the World Trade Organization. To this end, the author has explored pre-GATT commercial treaties and countries' legislation and practice, GATT adjudication, and WTO Members' MoreThe aim of this article is to determine the content and territorial extent of moral exception in the World Trade Organization. To this end, the author has explored pre-GATT commercial treaties and countries' legislation and practice, GATT adjudication, and WTO Members' policies or practice and reached two conclusions: first, countries may restrict trade in goods and services as well as intellectual property rights in order to protect public morals and the content of these public morals can vary in time and place; second, for the time being, a conclusive judgement as to territorial extent of moral exception can not be drawn from the existing precedent and evidence. Therefore, further clarification of the content and territorial extent of moral exception in the WTO is to await subsequent WTO adjudication and practice Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - The Process of Evolution and Development of the Conduct of the Wise to the Islamic Usulis
Seyyedeh Fatemeh i Mousavi Hormoz Asadi Koohbad Javad Panjeh PoorThe conduct of wise one of contemporary important jurisprudence and usuil because one of is catechism main and effective in the two system of law Shi'a Usulis and sunni. In the juriprudens to exist many generalities and also encounter new problems.That neite MoreThe conduct of wise one of contemporary important jurisprudence and usuil because one of is catechism main and effective in the two system of law Shi'a Usulis and sunni. In the juriprudens to exist many generalities and also encounter new problems.That neiter have been mentioned in the book nor in the sunnah,but they can be answered with reference to the wise. There fore, in this descriptive analytic study Shi'a scholars and suni toward the conduct of wise was the results showd to Shi'a Usulis and sunni in the side document othere to the conduct to wise in the deduction decrees spiritual adduce but Shi'a Usulis more sunni usulis adduce and too resolve new problems and adduce legislate also the conduct of wise.also the conduct of wise can be answered many new problems. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Analyzing the Nature of States Obligations in the Paris agreement 2015 on climate change
Seyed-Abbas Poorhashemi mojtaba sobhaninia seyed ali hosseini azadOne of the most important international instruments to deal with climate change is the Paris Agreement 2015. For over three decades, states have begun long-term talks and negotiations on climate change, which is always on the international agenda. One reason for not con MoreOne of the most important international instruments to deal with climate change is the Paris Agreement 2015. For over three decades, states have begun long-term talks and negotiations on climate change, which is always on the international agenda. One reason for not concluding an international instrument is that states are not willing to adopt binding commitments on mitigating Green House Gas emission. The failed experience of the Kyoto Protocol 1997 reflects this approach. The piece analyzes the nature of states obligations in the Paris agreement on climate change. This research is based on a legal inductive analysis method. According to this method, the Paris Agreement and some related legal instruments on climate change have been analyzed and assessed. This article while identifies various defining elements of legal character of the Paris Agreement, illustrates that even though the Paris Agreement is an “International Treaty within the meaning of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties” which contains a mix of hard, soft and non-obligations is an important step forward to address climate change, but still has legal and normative inefficiencies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - With a Glance to the Implementation of Environmental Treaties
Seyed Abbas Poorhashemi mojtaba sobhaniniaOne of the legal problems of the implementation of international law in general and international environmental law in particular in Iran is the lack of a clear legal definition of the place of international treaties in the legal system. International treaties are norms MoreOne of the legal problems of the implementation of international law in general and international environmental law in particular in Iran is the lack of a clear legal definition of the place of international treaties in the legal system. International treaties are norms that have no place in the hierarchy of different legal systems (based on the relationship between domestic and international law) and in some countries are superior to ordinary laws, in others they are considered the breadth of ordinary laws, and in others it is considered a lower position than the normal law. In the Iranian legal system, due to the ambiguity in the laws regarding the status of the treaty, each of the three mentioned theories has been supported by some jurists. The result of the present article, by examining and analyzing the practical procedures adopted by the three powers of the Islamic Republic of Iran, is that the Iranian legal system has chosen the approach of equality of international treaty law (and not the entire international legal system) with the domestic legal system. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Investigation of Legal Guarantees and Legal Requirements for Combating Long-Range and Trans-Boundary Pollution (In the Middle East Countries in the Form of Regional Understanding)
elham hedarzadeh ahmad varvaei Mansour Pournouri naser ghasemiIn this article, an attempt has been made to review the measures in question in the Middle East, citing the international custom in the field of requirements and responsibilities in order to control dust.In this article, the legal requirements and regulations in the fie MoreIn this article, an attempt has been made to review the measures in question in the Middle East, citing the international custom in the field of requirements and responsibilities in order to control dust.In this article, the legal requirements and regulations in the field of long-term and transboundary pollution (such as the precautionary principle and similar principles) are studied, along with examples of internationally accepted commitments and memoranda, and considering the problems in the Eastern region. And the requirements of the commitments and memoranda of understanding approved in this region have been analyzed in a descriptive-analytical manner with a comparative approach. In the end, according to the environmental situation of the region, the author makes some suggestions in the field of quantities and shortcomings in the commitments and memorandums of the region.Certainly, formulating the principles of a regional convention to prevent and curb the dust phenomenon, using the successful experience of Southeast Asian countries, is not only functionally important, but also legally helpful for critical situations. Utilizing contractual obligations in drafting regional conventions to deal with the phenomenon of particulate matter will be more efficient and enforceable than conventional obligations. The need to adopt judicial, legal and executive measures at the regional level; Including the implementation of policies prohibiting the change of use of forest, wetland and river lands; And the draft executive plan for multilateral cooperation between the countries of the region to deal with dust is one of the proposed measures.Despite the efforts of international environmental organizations; The results of this study show that without a regional convention to control particulate matter and other environmental crises, it will not be possible to solve the problem. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - The Precautionary Principle and the WTO SPS Agreement
abbasali kadkhodaee Asma SalariPublic health and environmental issues are really important and deserve to attract proportionate attention from the world trade organization whereas risks on them (both certain and uncertain) may cause to irreble and irreversible effects on people and the environment. MorePublic health and environmental issues are really important and deserve to attract proportionate attention from the world trade organization whereas risks on them (both certain and uncertain) may cause to irreble and irreversible effects on people and the environment. Despite the world trade organization resistance to any kind of Protective measures, member states have frequently based their sanitary and phytosanitary measures on the precautionary Principle, an enivironmental principle of international law and have invoked it several times in their disputes before Dispute Settlement Body of the organization. These Attempts have led the panels and appellate bodies to declare that Article 5.7 of sanitary and phytosanitary agreement as a reflection of the precautionary principle in the world trade organization system. Considering the importance of abovementioned Article of the SPS, this paper will try to clarify theoretical and practical aspects of it . it was done on the descriptive-analytical methodology with the help of the available library source and recognized Article 5.7 as a reflection of the PP in the SPS agreement and it is applicable in DSB especially after issuing the appellate body report in the Continued Suspension Case. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Investigating production sharing agreement as a way to attract investment in Iran's oil industry
mohammad amin salarian ali zare mohsen mohebi sadegh abdiProduction sharing agreements are one of the most important upstream contracts in the international oil and gas industry. This deal has always been a good substitute for the country's international oil contracts by critics of the industry. Now, in order to explain the s MoreProduction sharing agreements are one of the most important upstream contracts in the international oil and gas industry. This deal has always been a good substitute for the country's international oil contracts by critics of the industry. Now, in order to explain the status and suitability of this contract with the upstream documents of the country and to analyze its principles from the perspective of religious principles, this article will analyze the nature and most important legal aspects of this agreement. So achieve this goal, we first analyze the legal nature of the this agreement and then briefly review the most important legal features of the country's upstream oil and gas cooperative contracts, and finally review the laws to assess the applicability of these contracts to the upstream oil and gas sector. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Subject-Verb Agreement in Persian and English
Seyyed Jalil Shaheri LangroudiOne of the errors which is likely to happen in writing, especially in Persian language, is subject-verb agreement. The present article tries to take a comparative look at this issue in Persian and English languages from the editing perspective. One of the errors which is likely to happen in writing, especially in Persian language, is subject-verb agreement. The present article tries to take a comparative look at this issue in Persian and English languages from the editing perspective. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - “Disagreement” in Quran (A Study on “Disagreement” Meaning in Verse 82 of Nisa Sarah)
Reza Jalili Gilandeh Abdolghader ParizThe present research is an attempt to study meaning and types of “disagreement” in 82 Verse of Nisa Surah. The literal meaning of “disagreement” is pointed out initially, then a definition of disagreement would be offered followed by clearing out MoreThe present research is an attempt to study meaning and types of “disagreement” in 82 Verse of Nisa Surah. The literal meaning of “disagreement” is pointed out initially, then a definition of disagreement would be offered followed by clearing out the term “disagreement” does not possess semantic evolution. The abovementioned definition is based on model of Verse and the article is written based on the definition as well: “disagreement means the conflict of two or some Verses from meaning viewpoint in a way that the first Verse is the opposite of the second”. The subject is studied from four aspects based on descriptive – analytical method. Lack of disagreement between Makki and Madani Surah, Lack of disagreement between decisive and allegorical (Muhkam & Muteshabeh) Verses; Lack of disagreement between Verses from number of subjects which Quran talks about; Lack of disagreement between Verses of first and last years of (Prophet) Be’sat. Finally a complete explanation on “frrequently” adverb is offered. Then the difference between “disagreement” and “extinction” is completely described. The results of the research show that “Disagreement” has not rooted in Quran; the present research studies all possible and probable disagreements separately and proves each one’s invalidity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - The Effect of Media Representation of Restorative Programs on Reaching an Agreement between the Parties to a Criminal Case; with an Emphasis on murder
Seyed Doraid Mousavi Mojab Leila RahnamaRestorative justice seeks to resolve disputes through compromise and negotiation, and in the shadow of it, the victim's losses and harms must be compensated; moreover, the victim and the offender must be returned to their normal lives in society. In order to implement t MoreRestorative justice seeks to resolve disputes through compromise and negotiation, and in the shadow of it, the victim's losses and harms must be compensated; moreover, the victim and the offender must be returned to their normal lives in society. In order to implement the restorative programs, it’s necessary to observe its elements properly, including confidentiality. However, confidentiality through the mass media is severely violated through the media representation of restorative programs and has a negative impact on the achievement of restorative agreements. In this relation, the violation of confidentiality of the murder cases and its negative effect on the achievement of a restorative agreement through the media coverage of the events is evident. By recognizing and using the legal capacities of restorative programs, and also the capacities of the mass media, they can be used to reach an agreement. This paper explains the capacities of the media and restorative programs and seeks to clarify the impact of the media representation of restorative programs on the achievement of restorative agreements. The research method in this research is descriptive-analytical by using library resources. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - Ontology of Iran's nuclear agreement and 5 + 1 from the point of view of the relation of the structure-operator
Mohsen Ameri Shahrabi Mahmoud Shahidiabstract Ontology of Iran's nuclear agreement and 5 + 1 from the point of view of the relation of the structure-operator Ontology of Iran's nuclear agreement and 5 + 1 from the point of view of the relation of the structure-operator The agreement between Iran and the P5 Moreabstract Ontology of Iran's nuclear agreement and 5 + 1 from the point of view of the relation of the structure-operator Ontology of Iran's nuclear agreement and 5 + 1 from the point of view of the relation of the structure-operator The agreement between Iran and the P5 + 1, especially the United States, is moderating the behavior of Iran, or can it-or should-it have to go through the process of material change? Basically, interactions in the context of social structures, on the one hand, and the purposes of the brokers on the other hand, should be considered, in addition to the role of social structural infrastructures, the role of superstructures, namely, the implications of government agents of 5 + 1, so that the most important "birth", that is, "agreement" between 5 + 1 and Iran. The explanation of this agreement shows, in essence, which aspects of co-ordination, cooperation, participation, or convergence have been raised? Here's the question of whether the continuation of Iran's cooperation with the West based on the role of social structures-along with the brokers-could be a kind of transition from Hobbesian logic to Lucky or, eventually, the Kantian anarchy? ! Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - Determination of quantity and allocation disagreement indices in selection of appropriate algorithm for land use classification in pixel and objected base in Gorgarood river basin
Mahboobeh Hajibigloo Vahed Berdi Sheikh Hadi Memarian Chooghi Bairam KomakiLand cover and land use are an important variable in natural land processes. Land use change in environmental protection programs and natural resource management plays an important role in the intensification of natural crises such as floods. The Gorganrood River basin MoreLand cover and land use are an important variable in natural land processes. Land use change in environmental protection programs and natural resource management plays an important role in the intensification of natural crises such as floods. The Gorganrood River basin in the Golestan province has historically experienced land use conversion. In this research was selected for land use classification using Landsat 8 OLI satellite images of the 25 June 2017. The goal of this study is to assess the accuracy of two approaches, pixel-based supervised classification and the object-oriented one base on quantity and allocation disagreement indexes. The accuracy assessment results indicated verified that for land use mapping the SVM algorithm using a 50 pixel segmentation in the object-based classification having a quantity disagreement of 2.03, an allocation disagreement of 4.58, and an overall accuracy of 92.65% and a kappa coefficient of 0.91 was more accurate than other algorithms in the object-based classification and other algorithms in the pixel-based classification. Based on this algorithm, the lowest of omission and commission error showed in forest lands and residential and industrial areas of 0.58% and 1.59% respectively. The highest of producer and user accuracy showed in forest lands and the water body of 99.44% and 99.41% respectively. The largest area of land use in the Gorganrood River basin is related to the Barren/Rangeland/Cropland class of 314110 ha. Finally, the SVM-SL50 algorithm in the object-based classification is suggested as an optimal classifier with a high accuracy for classification of land use classification maps in order to manage natural resources in Golestan province. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - A Review of Signal Security Protocols Suitable for Power-Limited Hardware
Mohsen MousaviInstant messengers have been popularized by users for private and business communication as an alternative to the cheap short message system in mobile phones with limited computing power. However, until recently, most mobile messaging applications did not protect the co MoreInstant messengers have been popularized by users for private and business communication as an alternative to the cheap short message system in mobile phones with limited computing power. However, until recently, most mobile messaging applications did not protect the confidentiality or integrity of messages. Due to reports of communications being intercepted by intelligence services such as the NSA, people have been motivated to look for alternative messengers to maintain the security and privacy of their communications on the Internet. Initially, with Facebook's purchase of the popular messaging app WhatsApp, other apps claiming to offer secure communications gained significant new users. One messaging app that claims to offer secure instant messaging features and has garnered a lot of attention is TextSecure Messenger. Next, Signal Messenger, which is considered the successor of TextSecure, uses the protocols available in this messenger to exchange text messages. Considering that the WhatsApp messenger is based on the signal protocol, in this article a complete description of the encryption complexity of the signal protocol is presented. In the following, a security analysis of the three main components of this protocol including: key exchange, key extraction and authentication in encrypted messages is described. It has also been shown that the process of sending and displaying messages in this protocol can achieve most of the security goals. Finally, the role of quantum attacks that resulted from the computing power of quantum computers in solving classical asymmetric cryptography problems in the security of the key agreement protocol used in the Signal was checked. It is also shown that the use of Post-Quantum key exchange cryptographic protocols can secure the key agreement part of the Signal protocol against attacks by quantum algorithms. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - Test of the effect of access, use and skills in the field of information and communication technology and the variable of the ratio of liquidity to GDP on the employment rate of the BRICS countries and Iran
Fardin Naghdi Akbar Bagheri -
Open Access Article
18 - Anti-competitive practices from the perspective of Imami jurisprudence, Iranian law, the United States and the European Union
javad niknejad majid khalilpourgorgani behnam ghanbarporWhereas, by communicating the general policies of Article 44 of the Constitution and emphasizing privatization, it has condemned anti-competitive practices, and on the other hand, from the perspective of domestic law, due to the adoption of Culture of the Islamic Republ MoreWhereas, by communicating the general policies of Article 44 of the Constitution and emphasizing privatization, it has condemned anti-competitive practices, and on the other hand, from the perspective of domestic law, due to the adoption of Culture of the Islamic Republic of Iran and the implementation of the general policies of Article 44 of the Constitution) and especially its ninth chapter, anti-competitive behaviors and procedures have been identified and that anti-competitive practices are in conflict with certain jurisprudential rules, especially the harmless rule. How to fight against anti-competitive practice from a jurisprudential-legal perspective is necessary. The main question of the present study is that in comparison between anti-competitive practices from the jurisprudential-legal perspective, In American and European law, their competitive evaluation process is based on certain criteria.However, it is possible that these agreements, their specific elements, may be subject to general exemptions and be exempted from the competitive exploration process. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - Organizational Mediation in the Northern Ireland Peace Process
Zahra Maroufi Seyed Ali Rabbani Mousaviyan Zahra Maroufi[1] Seyed Ali Rabbani Mousaviyan[2] Abstract: One of the means of resolving disagreements between terrorist groups and governments is mediation. Mediation is structured in two ways: personal and organizational. In this study, we tri More Zahra Maroufi[1] Seyed Ali Rabbani Mousaviyan[2] Abstract: One of the means of resolving disagreements between terrorist groups and governments is mediation. Mediation is structured in two ways: personal and organizational. In this study, we tried to evaluate the process and results of this study by examining one of the most prominent contemporary examples of organizational mediation. Mediation in the Northern Ireland Peace Process was fostered by an international body; the institution that was implicitly recognized as an intermediary was flexible in its efforts to build trust amongst the various groups, with a view to defining the principles of democracy and nonviolence, a common ground and desirable for all-round talks. One of the improvements made was establishment of the Office of Independent Presidents, which guaranteed the presence of representatives of both groups in Northern Ireland. [1] - M.A. in International Law, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. [2] - Assistant Professor and Faculty Member, Department of Islamic Jurisprudence and Law, Islamshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran , Iran Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - A MAPE-K Loop Based Model for Virtual Machine Consolidation in Cloud Data Centers
Negin Najafizadegan Eslam Nazemi Vahid Khajehvand -
Open Access Article
21 - Enhanced Prudential Standards Under Basel Iii: What Consequences For The Profitability Of Banks
Selma Haj Khlifa Amal Zaki -
Open Access Article
22 - The crises of the process of government and nation building and its role on the formation of fundamentalism in Middle East (Case study: Iraq and Syria)
Sedigheh Moradzadeh Ehsan Shakeri KhoyeeThe aim of the present study is the process of the government and nation building and its role on the formation of religious fundamentalism in Middle East, as the case study of Iraq and Syria. Explanation of the components of nation building in Middle East communities, MoreThe aim of the present study is the process of the government and nation building and its role on the formation of religious fundamentalism in Middle East, as the case study of Iraq and Syria. Explanation of the components of nation building in Middle East communities, explanation of the formation and social structure of Iraqi and Syrian communities and explanation of the social origin of the emergence of ISIS are also among the aims of this study. The research hypotheses are: Incomplete government and nation building in the Middle East (Iraq and Syria) that caused the formation of religious fundamentalism, diverse structure and plural ethnic, religious and mosaic communities of Iraq and Syria, incomplete and artificial government- nation building on the basis of the Sykes-Picot agreement in Middle East countries and the process of government- nation building that caused the accumulation of debts and lack of its realization in Iraq and Syria. Case study in this research is in connection with the religious fundamentalism in Iraq and Syria. The timeframe of the research is related to the period after the occupation of Iraq and toppling Saddam Hussein’s regime in years 2003 up to now, and also social-political developments in Syria after the death of Hafez al-Assad in years 2000 and coming to power of Bashar al-Assad. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - Wife Occupation and the Role of Husband's Permission
godarz eftekhar majid davoodiWith the occurrence of marriage, marital relationship begins between husband and wife and so a family forms. Furthermore, through this contract, the parties obtain some rights and duties for respecting each other. One of the issues in this regard is employment or occupa MoreWith the occurrence of marriage, marital relationship begins between husband and wife and so a family forms. Furthermore, through this contract, the parties obtain some rights and duties for respecting each other. One of the issues in this regard is employment or occupation of the wife. Basically, if there is mutual understanding and agreement between husband and wife about her occupation, she does not worry so much about her job. But, if the husband disagrees with employment of the wife, we can resolve the problem of wife having a job by referring to religious laws and reviewing legal principles. Although the constitution and civil law have realized the principle of the freedom of wife occupation, the existence of some limitations in civil law has caused some obstacles in the practice of the above mentioned principle. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - The Obligation Basis in Contract Law
Omid Gholamalitabar Firozjaei Jalil QanavatiIn the legal interactions of humans, a contract is made and the people obligate themselves to this contract and the decree is prohibited and deserves compensation, and due to this contract, a person committed for doing something and on the other hand, these obligations MoreIn the legal interactions of humans, a contract is made and the people obligate themselves to this contract and the decree is prohibited and deserves compensation, and due to this contract, a person committed for doing something and on the other hand, these obligations have compelling powers that are crystallized in the form of its implementation and are distinguished from ethical promises. Where does the source of obligation come from? In responding to this question, many ideas were raised that each of the opinions has many followers, including the rule of will, constraint, law, justice etc. and among them, the advocates of this theory which emphasize on intention, make the will only the source of the obligation to contract. But it does not seem that the only will of the person who usually seeks to attract personal interests is effective in this obligation and commitment, but along with this individual will, one has to pay attention to the role of the collective will of humans seeking to attract the interests of the people, and finally it is acknowledged. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - The field of Gotham Hill battle and the coagulant contract in 1881.
sattrarberdy fajoori rajabali vosughimotlgh omid sepehriradAbstract: The eastern and northeastern borders of Iran have always been the bed of changes and the place of ups and downs of the tribes of the desert. At the end of the 18th century, Central Asia, which included the Turkmen lands, became the target of the Russian Tsar MoreAbstract: The eastern and northeastern borders of Iran have always been the bed of changes and the place of ups and downs of the tribes of the desert. At the end of the 18th century, Central Asia, which included the Turkmen lands, became the target of the Russian Tsar's expansionism. The Battle of Gogtepe is the largest military conflict in the history of Central Asia, in which the Turkmen defended their ancestral lands against Russian aggression. But finally, they were defeated by the superior military equipment of the Russians and forced to be patient and conclude the Akhal Treaty in 1881. The issue of the current research is the roots and grounds of this war and was it necessary or just a massacre to consolidate power and territorial development? This article aims to investigate the causes of the Gogtepe war between the Turkmens and the Russians using the historical research method, based on the two characteristics of description and analysis, and examines its results and consequences. The method of collecting information is library. The findings of the research show that the Russians had to fight this war for their territorial and colonial development. Keywords: Iran, Turkmen, Gogtepe, Akhal Agreement, Russia. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - Effective Factors on Iran’s Export to Eurasian Economic Union
Mansour AsgariWhile the country's development requires the growth of exports, taking into account the trend of globalization, this process entails outward looking economic approach in which preferential trade agreement is essential. On the other hand, the assessment of the effects of MoreWhile the country's development requires the growth of exports, taking into account the trend of globalization, this process entails outward looking economic approach in which preferential trade agreement is essential. On the other hand, the assessment of the effects of preferential trade agreements of Iran with trade partners is important as well. Therefore, this paper analyzes the effects of establishing a preferential trade agreement of Iran with Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU). This paper, using the gravity model with the panel data approach, the 2007-2016 data and generalized method of moments (GMM) estimator, evaluated the effects of this agreement. The results show that the variables of GDP size, economic similarities, the difference between the exporter's, importer's income level and real exchange rate, have a positive effect on Iran’s export. It is estimated that by establishment of a preferential trade agreement between Iran and EAEU, Iran's exports will increase by 43 percent. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - A Typological Study of Case in two Dialects of Turkish Language in Iran (Azeri and Khalaji)
Tara Mokhtari Seyed Mehdi Samaee Bahram Modaresi -
Open Access Article
28 - Analyze of data in order to predict crises on meddle est
mohammd kazem kaveh pishgadamThe Middle East is a strategic area of crisis areas, due to its particular political geography and the national interests of big powers, has always been a challenge and tension. Since Iran is in this region and national security is the most important demand of a state-c MoreThe Middle East is a strategic area of crisis areas, due to its particular political geography and the national interests of big powers, has always been a challenge and tension. Since Iran is in this region and national security is the most important demand of a state-country with an important data selection, we can predict the crisis in this region. Information and data is the most important tool of analysis, which can analyze some events and crises in this article, better to the data that helps us to predict crisis in the region, which include the movement's position. Political in the Middle East and its dependence on one of the great powers, political geography, national interests of the powers and the position of these big powers in the current international relations such as the data are striking, as well as the political and legal structure and some theories of international relations and conventions between International is among the data that is effective in predicting crisis in the region, we have used this important data from international law and other knowledge related to political science. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
29 - Studying Donald Trump's Foreign Policy from the Perspective of the Rational Actor Model
Mahdi Mohammad Nia Masoomeh Papi Rashid RecabianAmong the various decision-making models, the Rational Actor Model, which is based on cost-benefit logic, provides a good framework for better understanding Trump's foreign policy behaviors that can be considered by the country's decision makers.The main premise of the MoreAmong the various decision-making models, the Rational Actor Model, which is based on cost-benefit logic, provides a good framework for better understanding Trump's foreign policy behaviors that can be considered by the country's decision makers.The main premise of the rational model of decision-making is the economically rational human being who tries to choose the most desirable way to achieve the goal by following the cost-benefit logic. The main question of the research is "How can Donald Trump's foreign policy in withdrawing from international agreements and his approach to the issue of international security be analyzed in a theoretical framework?" In response to this question, the hypothesis has been put forward: "Trump's foreign policy behaviors in withdrawing from international agreements and his economy-oriented approach to the issue of international security can be explained based on the rational model of decision-making and profit maximization." In this regard, Trump's “America First” slogan, is a good example of utilitarianism in his foreign policy. This paper applies descriptive-analytical method to explain the American foreign policy from the perspective of the rational actor model. The data collection has been in the form of libraries, scientific journals and the use of reputable Internet sites. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
30 - The importance of soft power in international relations; From China's cultural exports to the Middle East to the cultural opportunities of the Iran-China agreement
Seyed Hassan Mirfakhraei Farhad FarahaniInternational relation's arena is extremely effected of cultural and identity ingredients. So gain an aspect and international prestige, penetrate in public opinion and access to soft power are the important and at the same time unspecified goals is the diplomacy o MoreInternational relation's arena is extremely effected of cultural and identity ingredients. So gain an aspect and international prestige, penetrate in public opinion and access to soft power are the important and at the same time unspecified goals is the diplomacy of countries. China's emerging power is trying to export its cultural industries and penetrate as deeply as possible in the MiddleEast in order to strengthen its soft power.The importance of this Chinese strategy can be seen in the cooperation document with Iran.At the same time, the identity and cultural opportunities contained in this agreement have the potential to expand Iran's soft power in the international system.Therefore, the purpose of this study is with descriptive-explanatory method and using library texts and available data to answer the main question, how does China's cultural exports to the Middle East and the cultural opportunities of the Iran-China Cooperation Agreement highlight the role of soft power in international relations?This hypothesis is raised in response to this question: China's investment in the distribution of identity products in the Middle East and the cultural opportunities resulting from the 25-year cooperation agreement for Iran, express the need for governments to pay attention to the concept of soft power. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
31 - Locating Evaluation of Educational Landuse in Doroud of Lorestan Province
sajad namdariIn each city one of the authentic activities is educational using land which in planning and evaluation process should be attended specifically .Since accurate place selection of school in city could lead to cost reduction of families ، transportation and traffic reduct MoreIn each city one of the authentic activities is educational using land which in planning and evaluation process should be attended specifically .Since accurate place selection of school in city could lead to cost reduction of families ، transportation and traffic reduction and consequently ، pollution reduction ، city service reduction city service reduction and so on .In this study locating of educational using lands in Doroud has been investigated .The aim of this study evaluation of schools in Doroud from the aspect of open space budget and construction ، student number average in class and unit number and also evaluation and analysis of relationship between site - seeking criteria with site selection available in educational space in Doroud . Research method is analytical and. In order to investigate the relationship between stated criteria variance analysis test and Leven have been used. Research findings show that Doroud from the aspect of open spaces budget and construction budget in comparison with current educational standards is not in an appropriate condition but from the aspect of student number in class, unit number and land budget have a better quantity and quality than each citizen inhabitant and budgets extent derived from technical office training and educational ministry. In addition, educational space has not any connection with other site –seeking criteria. In fact there is a meaningful difference between site –seeking criteria and available site –selection and this reveals that educational spaces in Doroud city have not appropriate circumstance from the aspect of agreement proximity and appropriateness. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
32 - Hows and Whys of Reuter’s Agreement: From Contraction to Cancellation
Abbasali Rahbar Hassan Sadeghian-e Kumar Olia Farzad Nemati -
Open Access Article
33 - EU Actions Regarding the Principle of Non-Refoulement of Asylum Seekers in Light of EU-Turkey Agreement
Reza Mousazadeh Ahmadreza Azarpendar -
Open Access Article
34 - آسیب گزینشی تصریف فعل در بیماران دستورپریش فارسی زبان در چارچوب فرضیه مشخصههای تفسیر شدنی آسیبدیده
Leila Salehnejad Mansoore Shekaramiz Elkhas Veisi Nastaran Majdinasabآسیب صرفی-نحوی گفتار از مشخصههای بارز بیماران دستورپریش است. هدف این پژوهش، بررسی آسیب گزینشی تصریف فعل (زمان و مطابقه) در بیماران دستورپریش فارسیزبان باتوجهبه میزان آسیبپذیری این مشخصهها در چارچوب فرضیه مشخصههای تفسیرشدنی آسیبدیده فیندانیس و همکاران (2012) است. Moreآسیب صرفی-نحوی گفتار از مشخصههای بارز بیماران دستورپریش است. هدف این پژوهش، بررسی آسیب گزینشی تصریف فعل (زمان و مطابقه) در بیماران دستورپریش فارسیزبان باتوجهبه میزان آسیبپذیری این مشخصهها در چارچوب فرضیه مشخصههای تفسیرشدنی آسیبدیده فیندانیس و همکاران (2012) است. براساس این فرضیه، میان مشخصههای تفسیرنشدنی فعل مانند شخص و شمار (مطابقه) و مشخصههای تفسیرشدنی مانند زمان و وجه (که در تفسیر جمله دخالتدارند)، تمایز وجوددارد. یعنی مقولههای نقشی حامل ویژگیهای تفسیرشدنی ممکناست باعث بروز مشکلات بیشتری در بیماران زبانپریش ناروان شوند و بازنمایی ساختواژی ویژگیهای تفسیرشدنی در آنها امکانپذیر نیست. برعکس، مطابقه که نیازمند بازبینی ویژگیهای تفسیرنشدنی است، بدون آسیب مانده و ویژگیهای مطابقه نسبتبه زمان در بیماران دستورپریش بیشتر حفظشدهاست. در این پژوهش توصیفی-تحلیلی استدلال میشود که نیاز به پردازش بیشتر زمان بهعنوان یک مشخصه تفسیرشدنی باعث آسیبپذیری بیشتر آن نسبتبه مطابقه بهعنوان یک مشخصه تفسیرنشدنی میشود. بدینمنظور باتوجهبه آزمون زبان پریشی فارسی، گزارش ام آر آی و سی تی اسکن، دو بیمار دستورپریش مورد-بررسی قرارگرفته و نمونههای گفتاری آنها در آزمون تکمیل جمله و آزمون توصیف تصویر ارزیابیشد. بهطورکلی آزمون توصیف تصویر برای این بیماران نسبتبه آزمون تکمیل جمله دشوارتر بود. نتایج آزمونها میزان آسیبپذیری این مشخصه-ها را در زبان فارسی باتوجهبه فرضیه مذکور مورد تأیید قرارداد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
35 - The role of concise knowledge in determining the actuality of rulings from the perspective of Akhund Khorasani and Imam Khomeini
Khadijah Ahmadi BighashIn the science of principles, science is divided into two categories of details and conciseness. These two sciences help the mujtahid and the jurist in expressing and discovering the religious rules. Detailed science means that the principle of the task is clear, but co MoreIn the science of principles, science is divided into two categories of details and conciseness. These two sciences help the mujtahid and the jurist in expressing and discovering the religious rules. Detailed science means that the principle of the task is clear, but concise science means comprehensive knowledge with doubt in its place of establishment. So, there is a consensus that this science is as comprehensive as its homework, but the task of concise science is more controversial than more comprehensive. Now the question is what are the effects of the necessity of definite agreement or the sanctity of definite opposition in general science, from the point of view of Akhund Khorasani and Imam Khomeini in expressing the rulings. A descriptive-analytical study of this issue shows that Akhund Khorasani (RA) in general science, my act is in all respects, so his definite opposition is forbidden, and his definite agreement is obligatory. But if the concise knowledge of Lamen's actuality had all aspects, the concise knowledge in both positions includes task-making. Imam Khomeini (ra), unlike the late mullah (ra), believes that with the existence of concise knowledge in the necessity of definite agreement, definite opposition is forbidden and a possible agreement is sufficient. That is, there is no need to leave everyone around the issue. This makes it not permissible to commit an ugly act in the event of a conflict with a stronger corruptor. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
36 - Extending the arbitration clause to a third party in Iranian law and international commercial arbitration procedure
Marziyeh Sheikh Mohammadi Mohsen Mohebi Ebrahim TaghizadehField and Aims: The principle of relativity in judicial proceedings and arbitration confirms that the decisions issued are only binding on the parties to the dispute. However, the scope of the principle of relativity is not limited to votes, and this also exists in arbi MoreField and Aims: The principle of relativity in judicial proceedings and arbitration confirms that the decisions issued are only binding on the parties to the dispute. However, the scope of the principle of relativity is not limited to votes, and this also exists in arbitration agreements. Therefore, the question arises whether the arbitration clause extends to a third party?Method: The present research was conducted with a descriptive-analytical method.Finding and Conclusion: The answer given by the domestic law system of the countries to this issue is not the same as the answer of international commercial arbitration law and procedure. Most of the domestic legal systems, citing the principle of relativity of contracts, are resistant to the extension of the arbitration agreement to non-signatories, but international commercial arbitration laws and procedures are far from national laws and policies and realistic about economic and commercial activities between The international group of companies has more flexibility in front of this issue and considers it permissible. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
37 - The Interpretation of "Public Body" in the Multilateral Trading System (WTO): A Case Study of China and the United States
Seyed Mohamad Hassan Razavi Zahra BiniazBackground and purpose: The conflicting perspectives of the United States and China in relation to the choice of the optimal economic model have resulted in international economic lawfare, which can be defined as resorting to law as an instrument to win the transnationa MoreBackground and purpose: The conflicting perspectives of the United States and China in relation to the choice of the optimal economic model have resulted in international economic lawfare, which can be defined as resorting to law as an instrument to win the transnational US-China trade war. One of the prime areas of lawfare between the United States and China in the trade war is the question of whether China’s State-Owned Enterprises (SOEs) should be deemed as "public bodies.” This affects the applicability of WTO’s multilateral disciplines to government subsidies to China’s SOEs. The main question of the present research is the analysis of the defining criteria of the term “public body” in the interpretation of the WTO’s Dispute Settlement Body (DSB). Method: The present study was carried out using a descriptive-analytical method. Findings and results: Three criteria for interpreting the term “public body” are discernable: a) The US favors the “government control” criteria, b) China defines its criteria based on the government's responsibility towards "government organs,” and c) the dispute settlement body has found that the criteria of “government function” based on “exercise of government authority" to be appropriate. The interpretation of the term “public body” offered by the Dispute Settlement Body has achieved a balance between the perspectives of the United States and China. Although China has complied with the Dispute Settlement Body’s interpretation in developing its national legislation, the conflict between the two economic powers has not subsided. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
38 - Multiplicity of courts and jurisdictions in international trade law and solutions to deal with it
Mir Shahbiz Shafi mahdi delgirField and Aims: Proliferation of international tribunals and jurisdictions is a rather new phenomenon that has emerged in international public law, generally and in international trade law, specifically. However, this phenomenon signals preparation on the part of states MoreField and Aims: Proliferation of international tribunals and jurisdictions is a rather new phenomenon that has emerged in international public law, generally and in international trade law, specifically. However, this phenomenon signals preparation on the part of states to use courts and tribunals for settling their disputes peacefully, it may raise problems when courts arrive at divergent or event conflicting rulings in an international legal order that lacks hierarchy. This article aims to address whether proliferation of tribunals and jurisdictions has emerged in international trade law; and if so, what is its consequences for international trade law and which possible solutions may be suggested to deal with its negative consequences.Method: This Research is prepared by a descriptive-analytical method.Finding and Conclusion: Given to reasons for proliferation of tribunals and jurisdictions that are addressed in this article, the answer to the question of emergence of proliferation in international trade law is positive. Thus, the consequences of proliferation in international trade law are presented. Then, in regard with exclusive jurisdiction of World Trade Organization (WTO) for international trade disputes and its exceptions by Free Trade Agreements (FTAs), practical instances of conflicting jurisdictions in international trade law jurisprudence are recognized. Finally, possible tools for solving conflicting jurisdictions between WTO and FTAs disputes settlement mechanisms, and also possible solutions for improvement of cooperative interactions between these mechanisms are suggested. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
39 - Award validity criteria in national and international arbitration: looking at Iran's international commercial arbitration law
حسین زارع شعارField and Aims: Arbitration is an alternative method for conflict resolution, in this way that the resolution of the dispute is entrusted to a person or persons with the consent of the parties. They issue votes. But what is important among these are the criteria that an MoreField and Aims: Arbitration is an alternative method for conflict resolution, in this way that the resolution of the dispute is entrusted to a person or persons with the consent of the parties. They issue votes. But what is important among these are the criteria that an arbitration must consider in order for the vote to be valid.Method: This research was carried out in terms of practical purpose and in terms of gathering information by documentary method and through the study of valid laws and sources, and the obtained information was analyzed in a descriptive-analytical manner.Finding and Conclusion: In order for the arbitrator to be able to issue a valid decision, he must consider the criteria that are provided in the text of the law. In the review of the Civil Procedure Law and the International Commercial Arbitration Law of Iran, these criteria are stated and can be calculated as follows. These cases include maintaining the confidentiality aspect of arbitration, compliance with notification formalities, justification of the decision, eligibility of the parties to the lawsuit and arbitrators, expiry of the arbitration period, non-compliance with legal conditions in the selection of arbitrators, invalidity of the arbitration agreement and non- arbitrariness and non-arbitrability of the dispute. By considering these cases, the arbitrator can issue a valid decision and cancel the preventive decision. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
40 - The survey of the impacts of the preferential trade arrangement agreement between Iran and Venezuela
Mohammadreza MirzaeeNejad Yalda, DehghqnThe economic convergence commitments have being signed increasingly since two past decades throughout the world. Nowadays, more than half of global trades have been occurred through these kind of commitments. In addition, almost every country is a member of these sorts MoreThe economic convergence commitments have being signed increasingly since two past decades throughout the world. Nowadays, more than half of global trades have been occurred through these kind of commitments. In addition, almost every country is a member of these sorts of commitments. In this paper, the effects of decreasing tariff barriers on the trade flows, tariff revenues, and trade balance are simulated when the Iran-Venezuela Preferential Trade Arrangement (PTA) be established. These effects are simulated by using a partial equilibrium model so called SMART. The results show that the establishment of such arrangement causes expanding trade volume of Iran. Besides, the Iran's trade related to Venezuela's one gets excess because of its exports increasing related to its imports. Overall tariff reduction is simulated under two different scenarios, 70 and 500 percent. In both situations, hot water steam boiler, nuclear reactors, mechanical machineries, vehicles, iron and steal products, various chemical industries and fruits are the most determinations with regard to the concept of creation and diversion trade. Furthermore, these products have the most effects on Iran's exports to Venezuela. On the other hand, raw steel and cast iron are the most impressive imports of Iran from Venezuela Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
41 - Analysis of the process of accession of the Republic of Serbia to the European Union with emphasis on economic behavior pattern
MOHAMMAD MAHDI FARAHMAND ALI ADAMIDue to its geopolitical and geostrategic position, the Western Balkans region has been of special importance to important and influential actors in various dimensions, and has always been the target of all regional and global powers and the place of the conflict of inte MoreDue to its geopolitical and geostrategic position, the Western Balkans region has been of special importance to important and influential actors in various dimensions, and has always been the target of all regional and global powers and the place of the conflict of interests. The Republic of Serbia, as the most important and largest republic of the Western Balkans, in order to achieve its strategic goal of joining the European Union, despite the conflicting interests of regional and international actors, to reform its economic infrastructure and better comply with EU standards He has joined this union. The present study seeks to analyze and explain the process of accession of the Republic of Serbia to the European Union, and to examine and evaluate the economic behavior pattern governing its foreign policy in the process of European integration. Accordingly, the question is what is the process of Serbia's accession to the European Union and the Euro-Atlantic structures, and what effect do the economic conditions and economic behavior of Serbian foreign policy have on this process? This study, in response to the main question, seeks to test the hypothesis that after the collapse of Yugoslavia, the Republic of Serbia, as the most important inheritor of crises and the weak economic structures left by it, in recent years has tried to use a development-based behavior model. Take steps towards the Stability and Cooperation Process (SAA) in order to adapt and harmonize itself with the standards defined by the European Union. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
42 - Political Economy of China's New Silk Road And Iran's Interdependence
sepideh mohammadi mokhtar SalehiThe New Silk Road Initiative, as a China's development model and project, has absorbed and involved many countries and governmental and non-governmental organizations across the world to cooperate with that. This project intends to expand the cooperation between the con MoreThe New Silk Road Initiative, as a China's development model and project, has absorbed and involved many countries and governmental and non-governmental organizations across the world to cooperate with that. This project intends to expand the cooperation between the continents and creates the necessary infrastructure of the regional and global cooperation based on economic, political and cultural dimensions. Iran could have an important role in this project because of its geo-strategic and geo-economic position. The main question of this research is that what effects does this strategy have on Iran's development and its relation with china? Hypothetically, it seems that due to the Iran's look to the east and its economic and political prospects, the relation of both countries is going to be expanded towards Interdependence although it is predicted that this cooperation might be asymmetrical in favor of china's grand strategy. The viewpoint of this Paper is Based on Interdependence theory. Methodically, the research design is descriptive and analytical. According to the research findings, in the absence of an appropriate strategy in the way Iran cooperates with China, the nature of this plan may change from the level of symmetric interdependence to asymmetric interdependence in the interests of China. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
43 - Checking of the Legitimacy of Unilateral US Sanctions after Withdrawal of JCPOA to the United Nations Charter
Seyed Hamid Seyed Taghizadeh Leila Raisi Dezaki Bashir Esmaeili Abstract: On May 18, 1397, the United States withdrew with official "Tramp" announcement of “The nuclear agreement of the P5 + 1 countries with Iran" called "The Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action". Subsequently, us department of treasury announced that it More Abstract: On May 18, 1397, the United States withdrew with official "Tramp" announcement of “The nuclear agreement of the P5 + 1 countries with Iran" called "The Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action". Subsequently, us department of treasury announced that it will take action Relative to Restore Iran's nuclear sanctions. Now the question is here that how much does this unilateral action by the United States as a member of the United Nations is proportionate to the United Nations Charter and whether is it legitimate According to the Charter or no. On the other hand, in the framework of the hypothesis, it also seems that “Given that unilateral US sanctions violate several clauses of United Nations Charter, these sanctions are not legitimate in accordance with the Charter.” Therefore, in this article, we will attempt to use the descriptive-analytical method to study the dimensions of this subject and test the hypothesis. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
44 - Iran Nuclear Security Dilemma from the Perspective of Neo-Realism
Reza Simbar Reza Rahmdel Mahsa FallahAbstract Our study focuses on neo-realism has Iran Nuclear Conundrum and lack of agreement on a nuclear Marathon. Anarchic structure of the international system after the events of September eleventh causes a turning point in the international system for the world. Ira MoreAbstract Our study focuses on neo-realism has Iran Nuclear Conundrum and lack of agreement on a nuclear Marathon. Anarchic structure of the international system after the events of September eleventh causes a turning point in the international system for the world. Iran tried against the hegemonic power structure of the international system as a resistance range with respect to that coordinates ideological foreign policy spending. The balance of power created after September eleventh exorbitant fees established for Iran sanctions, aerospace, nuclear, oil, international and even took International Economic Exchanges. Nevertheless the issues of Iran’s nuclear powers were causing a disagreement with powerful countries. We tried using neo-realist theory to get the answer security Conundrum of Iran nuclear program. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
45 - Russia and Georgia: From Co operations to tensions
Roya Montazemi Najmeh Soleymani KarizmehAbstract Being situated in the Caucasus, Georgia has always been a very important region. Accordingly, since the very beginning of the independence of Georgia, Russia has always tried to follow its goals in this country. The following paper is a study about the relatio MoreAbstract Being situated in the Caucasus, Georgia has always been a very important region. Accordingly, since the very beginning of the independence of Georgia, Russia has always tried to follow its goals in this country. The following paper is a study about the relationship between the two countries and the disagreements that they have had so far. The researcher has tried to discuss the most significant reasons for the importance of Georgia. This is followed by a discussion on the history of the relationship between the two countries. The researcher then tries to expand on the background of the disagreement between the two countries. The paper ends with a prediction on the future of the relationship between the two countries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
46 - Recognition of Paragraph Contents Resulting Audit Reports Disagreement and Effect on Improving the Quality of Financial Report(Through Management Point of View)
Ghodratollah Talebnia Ali AhmadzadehThis research through questionnaires and using nonparametric test, and x2 test to study the sociology sample of statistics. the result of this research shows that the attention of businesses unit management to respect the standards of financial accounting applying the n MoreThis research through questionnaires and using nonparametric test, and x2 test to study the sociology sample of statistics. the result of this research shows that the attention of businesses unit management to respect the standards of financial accounting applying the necessary internal controls strongly and also providing the appropriate financial reports a comprehensive accounting system(in accordance with accepted accounting principles) lead to improve the quality of financial report. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
47 - Strategic Cooperation between Iran and Russia; Opportunities and Challenges
Mehdi Amiri -
Open Access Article
48 - Determining the export priorities of Iran's petrochemical products to member countries of ECOTA and Eurasia trade agreements
فرزاد کریمی maryam rashidinia hassan ghorbani dinaniThe most important relative advantage of Iran has been the export of crude oil and natural gas for a long time. Considering the raw nature of these products, specialization in the production and export of these products will not have a significant impact on Iran's susta MoreThe most important relative advantage of Iran has been the export of crude oil and natural gas for a long time. Considering the raw nature of these products, specialization in the production and export of these products will not have a significant impact on Iran's sustainable growth. One of the solutions is to infiltrate the downstream industries of these products, the most important of which is the development of the petrochemical industry. In this sense, since the expansion of export markets is considered as one of the important strategies in the field of marketing, the aim of this research is to identify and prioritize the export opportunities of Iran's petrochemical industry products by developing an integrated decision support model - economic complexity, in five countries that are members of the Eurasian Economic Union. It includes Belarus, Kazakhstan, Russia, Kyrgyzstan, and Armenia, and the member countries of ECOTA trade agreements include Afghanistan, Pakistan, Tajikistan, and Turkey.the current research is applied in terms of purpose, descriptive-survey in terms of data collection, and a mixed type of research. The statistical population of the research was formed by the member countries of ECO and Eurasia trade agreements during the period of 2014 to 2021. First, in order to identify the factors affecting the development of export opportunities, using a questionnaire and a fuzzy Delphi model, based on the opinions of experts working in the private sector and petrochemical companies, experts working in specialized government jobs of the Ministry of Health, and academic experts, Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
49 - A Literature Review on Cloud Computing Security Issues
Zahra Ghanbari -
Open Access Article
50 - Economics, Economic Diplomacy, and Preferential Agreements
Ali Adibi Tavakol Habibzadeh۱۰۵۴/۵۰۰۰ Given the special situation that the Islamic Republic has faced since its inception and the various economic sanctions imposed in this period, various measures have been taken to respond to the rules on investment and capital attraction. Among these measures, More۱۰۵۴/۵۰۰۰ Given the special situation that the Islamic Republic has faced since its inception and the various economic sanctions imposed in this period, various measures have been taken to respond to the rules on investment and capital attraction. Among these measures, the economy of resistance is in the executive order of the executive governments. But this plan has not only been restored to its place, but misunderstandings in this field have put their aim in another direction. On the other hand, economic diplomacy, which is now undergoing political diplomacy, is trying to create an environment suitable for attracting foreign investors and capital. Perhaps the preferential agreements are uncontested and the nature of economic diplomacy, but with the components of the resistance economy as well as the expansion of regional trade exchanges, on the one hand, and the approval of investment facilitation regulations, positive results can be drawn. It was achieved in this field. However, this paper seeks to explain and analyze the feasibility of the components of a resilient economy, with economic diplomacy to dominate regional trade and the gradual liberalization of the country's economy along with comprehensive regulations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
51 - The impacts of Disagreements between European Union Member States Over this Union’s Positions in the World System
Seyed Hassan Mir FakhraieEuropean Union (EU) is one of the most important and coherent state-based unions in both political and economic dimensions, that has taken great strides in further convergence and coordination and also in expanding its sphere of influence; Although it brought in a MoreEuropean Union (EU) is one of the most important and coherent state-based unions in both political and economic dimensions, that has taken great strides in further convergence and coordination and also in expanding its sphere of influence; Although it brought in a new concept of collaboration and convergence, between states, to the literature of international relations. For understanding its position in the global system, more attention is needed actually. In this paper two main objectives shall be followed. First, what has been the impact of disagreements among members of the European Union, on its current position in the world system? And second is studying what would be the impacts of continuation of disagreements and opposing views among the members of European Union on its position, which has been imagined in a multipolar system, and also on its strategic future? A temporary response to above questions would be: The disagreements and opposing views among the members of European Union in different internal and international issues, has faced EU to a lack of functional identity, and so, its strategic role and position in the future world is in doubt and it will just remain as an economical power. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
52 - The General Condition of “Power Over Submission” from the Viewpoint of Imamiyah Fiqh and Iranian Law
Seyed Amir Mahdi Amin سیدحسن شبیری زنجانیThe concept of “power over submission” is discussed in the context of Imamiyah jurisprudence and Iranian law, specifically in the domain of sales. However, it is not confined solely to sales; rather, it is an essential element of all contractual obligations. In essence, MoreThe concept of “power over submission” is discussed in the context of Imamiyah jurisprudence and Iranian law, specifically in the domain of sales. However, it is not confined solely to sales; rather, it is an essential element of all contractual obligations. In essence, as contractual obligations are not explicitly elaborated in Imamiyah jurisprudence (Fiqh), the principles of contractual responsibilities, including “power over submission”, are expounded within the framework of sales contracts. This signifies that the property must be placed under the control of the obligated party in a manner that enables possession and enjoyment of the delivered item. The current descriptive-analytical research illuminates the ambiguities surrounding “power over submission” in unilateral obligations or those related to administrative, documentary, and tax matters. It extends the universality of this condition from sales contracts to encompass all contractual obligations in Imamiyah jurisprudence and Iranian law. The conclusion drawn is that the ability to enforce an obligation is a prerequisite for the validity of any legal act, whether it pertains to proprietary, and covenant contracts, specified and unspecified contracts, as well as unilateral obligations. Since the legal provisions regarding this condition in civil law are not comprehensive, an amendment to the relevant Articles is suggested for consideration by the legislator. Manuscript profile
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