• List of Articles شمار

      • Open Access Article

        1 - The Problen of Iranian Calendar (A critique on “comparison of various methods and equations for applying intercalaries of Hidjrī Khorshīdī” Calendar)
        موسی اکرمی
        Mr. Farid Ghasemlu has tried to find, in “comparison of various methodsand equations for applying intercalaries of chronology of Hidjrī Khorshīdī”,‘various methods for applying intercalaries of chronology of HidjrīKhorshīdī’ in ‘various res More
        Mr. Farid Ghasemlu has tried to find, in “comparison of various methodsand equations for applying intercalaries of chronology of Hidjrī Khorshīdī”,‘various methods for applying intercalaries of chronology of HidjrīKhorshīdī’ in ‘various resources’; and then, has compared them withoutpresenting any instances for such relevant equations.The pronounced subject-matters have significance for me from two points:(1) To expose the most important topics for Iranian chronology in the worksof many great calendar-writers and calendar-researchers(2) To explain some of my attitudes based on my two published workHere, I endeavor to evaluate a few segments of Ghasemlu’s essay and statethe problem of Iranian chronology which consist of two correlated subject:solar year and bissextile order or arrangement of intercalary in big period,sub-periods, and under-sub-periods, moreover, would make clear my -not soprofessional- position among Iranian calendar-researcher; and I wouldexplain my method, its authenticity and accuracy as well. This methodaccomplish in paying attention to middle duration of solar year – which is assame as duration of every year – and based on computer computation, byapplying fruitful tradition of Djalālī-’s calendar too; and the achievements ofsuch method is in parallel with dynamic tradition of attempt for attainingexact rule of calculating leap years and for writing comparative chronologywhich is applicable to past years and future. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        2 - Adjacency metric dimension of the 2-absorbing ideals graph
        S. B. Pejman Sh. Payrovi A. Behtoei
        Let Γ=(V,E) be a graph and ‎W_(‎a)=\{w_1,…,w_k \} be a subset of the vertices of Γ and v be a vertex of it. The k-vector r_2 (v∣ W_a)=(a_Γ (v,w_1),‎…‎ ,a_Γ (v,w_k)) is the adjacency representation of v with respect t More
        Let Γ=(V,E) be a graph and ‎W_(‎a)=\{w_1,…,w_k \} be a subset of the vertices of Γ and v be a vertex of it. The k-vector r_2 (v∣ W_a)=(a_Γ (v,w_1),‎…‎ ,a_Γ (v,w_k)) is the adjacency representation of v with respect to W in which a_Γ (v,w_i )=min\{2,d_Γ (v,w_i )\} and d_Γ (v,w_i ) is the distance between v and w_i in Γ. W_a is called as an adjacency resolving set for Γ if distinct vertices of Γ have distinct adjacency representations w.r.t W_a. The size of the smallest adjacency resolving set is the adjacency metric dimension of Γ and is denoted by ‎dim_a‎(Γ). In this paper, we prove that dim_a(Γ_E (Z_(P^n ) ))=⌈(n-2)/2⌉. Also, we show that Γ_E (Z_(p^2n ) )≅Γ_E (R/I) in which p is a prime number, n is a natural number and I is a 2-absorbing ideal of the ring R which has a minimal primitive decomposition in the form of the intersection of n primitive ideals. Finally we conclude that dim_a⁡〖(Γ_E (R/I))=n-1〗. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        3 - Application of GIS and RS in the plating of the Areas Prone to Floods by the Use of SCS Model in Larestan Varband River Catchment Area
        Marzieh Moghali Parviz Kardavani
        This research was carried out in the catchment basin of Varband River in Larestanlocated in Fars Province in an area of 925.5 km2 by the use of IRS satellite pictures andthe measurer P6 (2006) so that through the use of the software ERDAS8.7, the localcorrections of the More
        This research was carried out in the catchment basin of Varband River in Larestanlocated in Fars Province in an area of 925.5 km2 by the use of IRS satellite pictures andthe measurer P6 (2006) so that through the use of the software ERDAS8.7, the localcorrections of the related pictures with 15 points and Afain equation with RMSE=0.42 andradiometric corrections with the algorithm of the equivalent rectangles were implemented.The best band combination was selected by the use of a suitable index factor and we usedthe classification under the supervision of the Maximum Similarity Probability Algorithmin order to provide the utilization map. The utilization layers were estimated 0.90 and 0.88by the use of general correctness test and Kapa statistics respectively. The co-precipitationmap was prepared in the environment of ARCGIS9.2 by the use of TPSs algorithm andaltitude-precipitation gradient as well as the map of Curve Number by the use of the mapof hydrologic and utilization groups. The height of the catchment basin slope,inappropriateness of formations, high evaporation and perspiration, soft soil tissue,severity of thundershower, utilization change, low compression of the covering crown andpoorness of pasturelands are among the effective factors in the exposure of the catchmentbasin to the floods. The analysis of each morphometric parameter of the catchment basinindicate that slope, area, shape, time of concentration, and percentage of waterwaycompression are the major effective factors in the exposure of the catchment to the floods.The presence of the rainfalls with duration of 15 minutes for 6-hour thundershowers arethe main factors in the destruction of soil structure and acceleration in the cumulativecurrent of the surface flowing water in Varband catachment basin . The phating map ofthe catchment exposure poteantial to the floods were offered in four classes of very low,low, average, and high. The results of this research showed that the whole productiveflowing water in this catchment basin is 42283746.6 m3 from which the sub-basins M, K,and A with 11.7, 11.3, and 10.01percent have a high exposure respectively and those of Cand G with 4.3 and 5.3 percent have the lowest exposure to the floods respectively. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        4 - Estimating Flood potential of Zilaki and Firehrud drainage basins by emphasize on Geomorphologic characters by using SCS method
        Mohammad reza Sarvati Ardavan Behzad
        Flood is amongphenomenon which bring about considerable damage each year.This has been attractedgreatly by hydrologists. The factors such as physiography,geomorphology and human factors can accelerate this phenomenon in basins. Forusing water source, flood management, d More
        Flood is amongphenomenon which bring about considerable damage each year.This has been attractedgreatly by hydrologists. The factors such as physiography,geomorphology and human factors can accelerate this phenomenon in basins. Forusing water source, flood management, damming, watershed management and themost basic hydrologic studies, peak discharge is important, so accuracy of studies andthe safeties’ level of the hydraulic structures and establishments are independent to it.In this research potential flood Zilaki and Firehrud drainage basins were studied byusing of SCS method and finally were compared together. So BasinHydrographdimensions calculated by using of 24 hour rainfall, time of concentration, CurveNumber, rainfall excess, time to peak and peak discharge.Then was designHydrograph for basins in 2,5,10,25,50,100 period time Results show, because ofphysiography of Firehrud basin, It has more ability for making flood than Zilaki basin. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        5 - Feasibility of flooding in the watershed Leilan chai (Maragheh) CN metod
        Mohammad Reza sarvati Akbar rostami Fatemeh khodadadi
        Flood is a natural phenomenon, which human being has experienced from very oldtimes. In Iran, due to Its very large area, several climates, and time and local density ofPrecipitations in most watersheds, there are many great floods of the country. In thisstudy, run-off More
        Flood is a natural phenomenon, which human being has experienced from very oldtimes. In Iran, due to Its very large area, several climates, and time and local density ofPrecipitations in most watersheds, there are many great floods of the country. In thisstudy, run-off coefficient, maximum debit of flood, identifying the factors andelements that are effective on floodiness, and zoning of the area of Leilan chaiwatershed based on its flood bearing are analyzed. The curve number method was usedfor this watershed. To do this, firstly, the needed data and information including thestatistical situation of the area climates and satellite images were gathered Inputted tothe GIS data system. Compiling these data and information by the SCS method and theCN of the watershed, The infiltration level and run-off volume were prepared.Finally,the zoning map of the annual flooding potential of the area were produced usingweighting model and compiling the area Precipitation, hydrological groups of soil,slope level, land use, etc. Manuscript profile
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        6 - Curve Number (CN) Calculating and Zonation of Subbasins Case study: Ahar Chay Basin
        بهروز Sari
        One of the most important Physical factors in basin is the time of concentration. Bacause,there is the curve number (CN) factor in calculating the time of concentration,so that is nessecity for some researches in soil penetration, landuse and surface savecoefficient fil More
        One of the most important Physical factors in basin is the time of concentration. Bacause,there is the curve number (CN) factor in calculating the time of concentration,so that is nessecity for some researches in soil penetration, landuse and surface savecoefficient filds.In this paper, the mentioned items are calculated which contain sampling all of casesurface and determining the soil penetration. Next stage contains recognizing soilpenetration Zonns, landuse of basin and those maps.Presenting the hypothesizes and subbasins recognizations were the next stages thatlead to calculating CN amount in surface basin and CN polygon maps.Finally, amount of time of concentration of basin and subbasin (by hour) based onsoil conservation service(SCS) relation are calculated that are useful in hydrologicalcalculations. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        7 - Diagnostic Value of Milk Enzymatic Markers Lactate Dehydrogenase and Alkaline Phosphatase for Subclinical Mastitis in Dairy Cattle
        سعید Akbari Aliabad S. O. Ghasemian S. Z. Peighambarzadeh
        Mastitis could be diagnosed by diverse methods, including physical, clinical, and laboratory tests. The present study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of subclinical mastitis diagnosis using enzymatic diagnostic tests for milk lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and alkaline phos More
        Mastitis could be diagnosed by diverse methods, including physical, clinical, and laboratory tests. The present study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of subclinical mastitis diagnosis using enzymatic diagnostic tests for milk lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP).  This study was performed on 90 Holstein cows selected randomly out of high- and low-yielding dairy cattle. According to the result of the California Mastitis Test, two milk samples were obtained from the intended udder quarters based on the principles of the National Mastitis Council. One specimen was used for microbial culture and the other one was utilized for somatic cell count (SCC), as well as milk LDH and ALP tests by diagnostic kits. Considering microbial culture as the gold standard for subclinical mastitis diagnosis, the sensitivity of SCC, ALP, and LDH tests was 87%, 59.3%, and 70.4%, respectively. Moreover, the specificity of these tests was 77.8%, 80.6%, and 77.8%, respectively. Our findings revealed a strong correlation between SCC, LDH, and ALP. It was observed that an increase in SCC was accompanied by augmented LDH response. According to the results of the present study, SCC was the most efficient test for diagnosing subclinical mastitis in dairy cows, followed by LDH and ALP. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        8 - The effect of thyme, moringa, quinoa, black seed and coriander seed powders on the physicochemical and antioxidant properties of cheese
        F. Shahdadi S. Khorasani F. Tavakoli M. Ostvar
        10.30495/jftn.2023.72790.11247
        Introduction: The food industry is faced with a great demand to produce new products that meet consumer needs for a healthy lifestyle. Thus, functional foods enriched with plant materials play an important role in this field. Therefore, this study investigated the effec More
        Introduction: The food industry is faced with a great demand to produce new products that meet consumer needs for a healthy lifestyle. Thus, functional foods enriched with plant materials play an important role in this field. Therefore, this study investigated the effect of different plant powders (thyme, moringa, quinoa, black seed and coriander seeds) on physicochemical, antioxidant and microbial properties of cheese.Materials and Methods: Plant powders were added to cheese at 0.5, 1 and 1.5% concentrations. Cheese samples were subjected to sensory evaluation, followed by tests concerned with acidity, pH, moisture content, L*, a* and b*color factors, phenolic contents, antioxidant activity, total bacterial and mold and yeast counts.Results: The highest acidity was related to the control sample and the lowest acidity was observed in the samples containing thyme, black seed, quinoa and coriander seed powders. The highest amount of moisture was related to treatment containing moringa and the lowest amount was observed in control. By adding powders to cheese, L* decreased and a* and b* increased as compared to control. The highest amount of total phenolic compounds and antiradical activity was related to sample containing quinoa and the lowest amount was related to control. Samples containing plant powders had lower total bacterial, mold and yeast counts than control.Conclusion: The addition of plant powders to cheese improved physicochemical and increased antioxidant properties, and reduced microbial population, and the use of these plant powders is recommended to create diversity and produce products with high nutritional value. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        9 - Study of the Thermal Stratification in NO.1 Zabol Chahnime Reservoir in order to manage the quality of water resources in the plain of Sistan
        iman homayoonnezhad Amir hessam Hassani akramolmolouk lahijanian
        10.30495/jest.2023.37301.4357
        Background and Objective: Water lakes and reservoirs of dams in temperate regions in some seasons due to changes in climatic conditions undergo thermal stratification. This phenomenon can change the qualitative factors of water. Therefore, studying about thermal stratif More
        Background and Objective: Water lakes and reservoirs of dams in temperate regions in some seasons due to changes in climatic conditions undergo thermal stratification. This phenomenon can change the qualitative factors of water. Therefore, studying about thermal stratification and its time can provide a suitable pattern for water quality management and even monitoring. This research was carried out with the aim of determining temperature changes at different levels of water and heat model of NO.1 Zabol Chahnime Reservoir for optimal management of this valuable resource.Material and Methodology: The descriptive-analytical study was conducted through determining sampling station and monthly water harvesting from 8 different water depths (from the surface to the depth of 15 meters) from October 2015 to October 2016. Along with temperatures, TDS, EC, DO and PH factors were also investigated at different depths of reservoir. Finally, multivariate statistical analysis was used to interpret the data set.Findings: The thermal stratification in NO.1 Zabol Chahnime Reservoir starts early in the spring of May, and lasts for almost 6 months from about every year until early November. This phenomenon is most severe in mid-summer and July. Stratification with the onset of the autumn season is lost due to climate change and the tank is homogeneous.Discussion and Conclusion: Qualitative factors of Chah Nimeh No. 1 changed under the influence of thermal stratification in different seasons, but their overall average was appropriate according to global standards; and the reservoir water had a drinkable application. In line with the qualitative management of this reservoir, it should be noted that water harvesting from various water levels provided different qualities in spring and summer, but the water quality at different depths of lake was almost the same in the fall and winter.  Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        10 - Determining the Calendar of Frost on the basis of Probability of Occurrence (Case Study: Ardabil Province)
        Mehry Akbary Soheila Mozaffari
        10.22034/jest.2020.26525.3554
        Background and Purpose: Since frost hazard can affect the human life, construction activities, agriculture and energy consumption and its distribution, being aware of the time of occurrence of frost can help in managing this hazard. In the present research, for the firs More
        Background and Purpose: Since frost hazard can affect the human life, construction activities, agriculture and energy consumption and its distribution, being aware of the time of occurrence of frost can help in managing this hazard. In the present research, for the first time, effective parameters on frost separating advection or radiation types and return periods with probability of occurrence are calculated. Data and Methodology: In this research, using synoptic stations minimum temperatures in Ardabil province, dates of frost for the first time in the fall and last time in spring extracted and frosts were separated by their types (Radiation or Advection). Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was implemented on all meteorological variables in frosty days for each station. Time series of beginning and end of radiation and advection frosts using statistical distributions were analyzed and best fit distribution were selected and calculated in SMADA website. Findings: The highest and lowest frequency of frost days, respectively have happened in Khalkhal and Parsabad stations. Monthly frost analysis showed that the highest and lowest frequency of frost days respectively happened in January and October. The earliest date for the beginning of radiation frosts and advection frost (Khalkhal), respectively, have happened on September 19 and October 10 and latest date for the beginning (ParsAbad) respectively, happened on November 12 and December 12. Discussion and Conclusion: Generally, in Ardabil province 47% of frosts started with radiation frost and 53% started with advection frost which can increase the danger of frost in late summer crops. Products must be harvested before the cold air advection (5 October, based on the results of this study). 73% of frosts were terminated with radiation frosts and 27% were terminated with advection frosts which can be concluded in the spring time. It is possible to combat the radiation frosts and there is a significant reduction in losses. Based on the analysis of probability of frost occurrence, first radiation and advection frost in Ardabil with 90% probability, respectively, will occur at 18th and 23th of October. Advection frost date average of Ardabil station with a probability of 50% is 9th of November, in Pars-Abad, 1st of December, in Khalkhal, 26th of October and on 18th of November in Meshkin Shahr station. Manuscript profile
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        11 - Evaluation of Cr and Ni Concentrations in the Soil Samples Collected from Near the Arak III Industrial Estate
        Seyed Amir Ahmadi Soheil Sobhanardakani
        10.22034/jest.2021.5270.1437
        Background and Objective: Spatial distribution of contaminants is essential for soil pollution monitoring and maintaining environmental quality. Therefore this study was carried out for evaluation of Cr and Ni concentrations in soil samples collected from around the Ara More
        Background and Objective: Spatial distribution of contaminants is essential for soil pollution monitoring and maintaining environmental quality. Therefore this study was carried out for evaluation of Cr and Ni concentrations in soil samples collected from around the Arak III Industrial Estate in 2013 and preparing the zoning map of metals. Method: After selecting 10 sampling stations within a radius of 5 km from the industrial estate, a total of 20 soil samples were collected from topsoils and subsoils. Then some physical and chemical properties of soil were determined. For determination of heavy metals concentration in soil samples, using ICP-OES (Varian, 710-ES, Australia) when soil digestion was complete. All statistical analyses were done by SPSS software, version 18.0 (SPSS Inc., USA). Also, the spatial distribution maps of elements in soil samples were prepared using IDW method. Findings: The results showed that maximum mean concentration of Cr in topsoils and subsoils samples were found in sampling station II with 15.50±1.97 and 13.00±1.65 mg/kg, respectively, and maximum mean concentration of Ni in topsoils and subsoils samples were found in sampling stations IX and II with 19.25±1.90 and 18.50±2.02 mg/kg, respectively. Discussion and Conclusion: Comparative evaluation of Cr and Ni contents in different studied soil samples showed that the mean concentrations of Cr and Ni in all topsoils and subsoils due to implementation of environmental management of industrial units in Arak III Industrial Estate and minimal use of agricultural inputs such as chemical fertilizers and pesticides were significantly lower than WHO permissible limits for soil contamination Manuscript profile
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        12 - Survey of Heavy Metals Pollution in Surface Soils Around The Industrial Town of Ahvaz 2
        Mosen Pournia Mir Hassan Moosavi Zeinab Jassemi
        Introduction: The objective of this study was to assess the extent and severity of heavy metal contamination in surface soils in the surrounding of the industrial town of Ahvaz 2. Material & method: Sixteen topsoil samples were collected at 0-5 cm depth and were ana More
        Introduction: The objective of this study was to assess the extent and severity of heavy metal contamination in surface soils in the surrounding of the industrial town of Ahvaz 2. Material & method: Sixteen topsoil samples were collected at 0-5 cm depth and were analyzed by ICP-OES for Co. Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn. One sample was also investigated for mineralogy using X-ray. Result & discussion: The abundance of heavy metals measured in these topsoil decreases as follows: Cr>Ni>Zn>Pb>Cu>Co. The minerals in the analyzed sample are composed of quartz, calcite, and halite as major minerals with dolomite and alunite as minor minerals. Results indicate that concentration of heavy metal in surface soil is due to fine grain texture of soil, clay content, alkaline pH, CaCO3 content, Na+ and aluminum oxide content. According to geochemical criteria such as enrichment factor (EF), index of geo-accumulation (Igeo) and pollution index (PI), the soils of the study area are considered to be moderately contaminated with respect to Cr, Ni and Pb, and uncontaminated with respect to Co, Cu and Zn. The calculated results of EF, Igeo and PI of heavy metals are as the following: Ni>Pb>Cr>Zn>Cu>Co. Manuscript profile
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        نوشین حسین پور صیامی سیده فاطمه میرشجاعی سیدجواد حسینی مسلم یوسفی ابهرلو مهدی یوسفی تلگرد حسین تاجیک احمدی امیر موافقی
        7
        7 Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        14 - Seasonal Habitat Use by Isfahan Wild Sheep (Ovis oOrientalis Isphahanica) in Ghamishlou National Park
        Zahra Taki Mahmoud Reza Hemami Mahmoud Karami Afshin Alizadeh
        Background and Objective: Wild sheep (Ovis orientalis) is a threatened (VU10) species living in mountainous areas of Iran. Very little is known about habitat associations of wild sheep as a prerequisite for conservation planning. We studied habitat associations and seas More
        Background and Objective: Wild sheep (Ovis orientalis) is a threatened (VU10) species living in mountainous areas of Iran. Very little is known about habitat associations of wild sheep as a prerequisite for conservation planning. We studied habitat associations and seasonal pattern of habitat use by wild sheep over a complete year in Ghemashlou National Park. Methods: The existing vegetation types within the park were considered as different habitats for wild sheep and their structure were quantified. Wild sheep pellet group density as well as habitat variables including vegetation types, percentage cover of dominant bush species, and EC, SP and pH of the soil were quantified within the permanent strip transects. General Linear Models (GLMs) were used to relate habitat variables to pellet group density. Results: Use of habitats was not significantly different in none of the studied periods except in spring. In this season, wild sheep had significantly used Astragalus-Scariola more than Artemisia vegetation type. Conclusion: In addition, wild sheep had used areas with steeper slopes in spring and areas with higher EC in autumn. Manuscript profile
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        15 - Identify and rank the challenges of (determining) fair value measurement in the implementation of International Financial Reporting Standard No. 13 (IFRS13) in Iranian non-governmental banks using Meta-synthesis qualitative analysis and SWARA method and provide a solution using the ARAS technique.
        samaneh zarerafi Gholamhasan Taghi Nataj Malekshah Azita Jahanshad Farzaneh heidarpoor
        The purpose of this study is to identify and rank the challenges of (determining)fair value measurement in the implementation of International Financial Reporting Standard No.13(IFRS13) of Iranian non-governmental banks. This approach can provide intelligent cooperation More
        The purpose of this study is to identify and rank the challenges of (determining)fair value measurement in the implementation of International Financial Reporting Standard No.13(IFRS13) of Iranian non-governmental banks. This approach can provide intelligent cooperation and effective communication with international markets and provide more useful information on reliability and reliability. Future cash flows help investors(improve forecasts)and provide useful tools in determining risk and asset prices and securities,as well as identifying devaluation before it occurs (hedging) and identifying early credit losses, reducing the volume of non-current receivables of banks,and raising public confidence. Through library study and Meta-synthesis qualitative analysis were collected and for evaluation of Meta-synthesis reliability, a selected document was provided to the experts. After evaluation, the Holst coefficient was calculated to be 0.845.(SWARA)Obstacles and Challenges were identified and ranked.With the help of ARAS technique,better solutions were proposed to remove the obstacles and challengesThey show infrastructure indicators and regulatory structure (requirements),credit risk rating, investment risk awareness and risk return analysis,proper allocation of foreign exchange resources by banks to banks,proper allocation of credit by banks based on customer ratings and reduction of overdue receivables.(IFRS13)and indicators of development platforms,upgrading the level of control activities,creating and using rating agencies in creating accurate trocar models (progress in the field of accreditation),effective risk management and effective internal control systems,promoting risk modeling, the need to pay attention to auditing knowledge,They were also identified as solutions to deal with obstacles and challenges. Manuscript profile
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        16 - Monitoring of Diazinon in Water and Soil of Paddy Fields in Mazandaran Province by Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS)
        Shina Ansarihamedani Reza Arjmandi Saeed Motessadi zarandi mohammadali Baghestani Reza Azizinejhad
        Background and Objective: Today, women are present in society like men. But they do not have enough power to choose their desired territory and as vulnerable groups, their value and position in urban spaces are ignored and they do not have a favorable environmental terr More
        Background and Objective: Today, women are present in society like men. But they do not have enough power to choose their desired territory and as vulnerable groups, their value and position in urban spaces are ignored and they do not have a favorable environmental territory to use and enjoy urban spaces. This research seeks to introduce the components that affect the creation of a desirable territory for women. Material and Methodology: The research method is phenomenological and has an explanatory-inferential approach. The type of study is qualitative and the studies have been done in both field and library methods and semi-in-depth interviews have been used. The sampling method is purposeful and we do not have a fixed sample size and sampling of people with different views after starting with the minimum number, continued until it reached theoretical saturation. Accordingly, the total number of interviewees in the three parks of Ail Goli, Valiasr Park and Shams Women's Park in Tabriz was 18 people. Findings: Based on women's statements, general phenomena were identified and extracted and their relationship was determined. Finally, the most important indicators that cover the most components in their subset were extracted, which include 9 indicators of quality, interaction, vitality, security, privacy, determinism, mind-psyche, sense of belonging, choice. Discussion and Conclusion: As a result, according to the research findings, eliminating the deficiencies needed by women in urban parks in terms of extracted components, will be of great help in improving the desirability of the environmental territory of this particular group. Manuscript profile
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        17 - The zoning of spatial and temporal distribution of the beginning, the end, and the frequency of freezing in Khorasan Razavi province
        Gholamabbas Fallah Ghalhari Fahime Shakeri Omolbanin Nodehi
        One of the forms of temperature variations is the sudden fluctuations of temperature, in particular the drop to the freezing point. The freezing is referred to as a condition in which the temperature of the earth's surface and the objects in contact with it is reduced t More
        One of the forms of temperature variations is the sudden fluctuations of temperature, in particular the drop to the freezing point. The freezing is referred to as a condition in which the temperature of the earth's surface and the objects in contact with it is reduced to zero or less than zero degrees Celsius. This study has been done to investigate the temporal and spatial distribution of start and end frost during 1989-2011 in Khorasan Razavi province. Thus, the long-term daily minimum temperature data from 10 synoptic and evaporation stations including Mashhad, Golmakan, Kashmar, Neishaboor, Sarakhs, Gonabad, Sabzevar, Torbatjam-e-Jam, Torbat-e Heidarieh and Quchan have been used. To determine the beginning and end of frost days, the days converted into Julian day and then Minitab and ArcGIS software were used for charting and mapping the spatial and temporal distribution of frost. The result showed that in the northern regions compared with western and southern regions, the frost began earlier and ends later. Frost period in the province increased from south to north, and it would limit the growth period in these areas. Frequency of freezing in the northern areas is more than southern and western parts. Manuscript profile
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        18 - Subject-Verb Agreement in Persian and English
        Seyyed Jalil Shaheri Langroudi
        One of the errors which is likely to happen in writing, especially in Persian language, is subject-verb agreement. The present article tries to take a comparative look at this issue in Persian and English languages from the editing perspective. 
        One of the errors which is likely to happen in writing, especially in Persian language, is subject-verb agreement. The present article tries to take a comparative look at this issue in Persian and English languages from the editing perspective.  Manuscript profile
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        19 - بررسی زنده ماندن میکروب های لاکتوباسیلوس اسیدوفیلوس و بیفیدوباکتریوم بیفیدوم و شمارش آن ها در شیر و ماست پروبیوتیکی
        محمدحسین مرحمتی زاده سارا رضازاده نجمه نجف زاده آیدا شهبازی
        Manuscript profile
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        20 - آنالیز شیر مخزن کل 57 گاوداری اطراف تهران
        امیر ابراهیمی مهران فرهودی مقدم پرویز تاجیک قاسم اکبری
        Manuscript profile
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        21 - بررسی علل و میزان شیوع ورم پستان تحت بالینی و ارتباط آن با شمارش سلول های سوماتیک در گاومیش های آذری
        رضا وجدی حکم آباد مهران فرهودی مقدم مجید محمد صادق حمید میرزایی منصور خاکپور
        Manuscript profile
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        22 - برآورد پتانسیل سیلاب با تاکید بر ویژگی‌های ژئومورفولوژیک در حوضه آبخیز خرشک با استفاده از روشSCS ، رودبار، استان گیلان
        فرهاد حمزه اردوان بهزاد
        Manuscript profile
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        23 - Study of contamination of total microbial count of industrial hamburgers during storage in unfavorable temperature conditions
        Mahdi Ahmadi seyed abbas seyed mirzaei
        Background and Objective: Today, the use of foods such as hamburgers has increased due to the industrialization of human societies. Regarding the use of hamburger, the importance of hygienic production of this product and the lack of its microbial characterization durin More
        Background and Objective: Today, the use of foods such as hamburgers has increased due to the industrialization of human societies. Regarding the use of hamburger, the importance of hygienic production of this product and the lack of its microbial characterization during storage in real conditions, the study of the effect of unsatisfactory storage conditions on burger microbial properties is essential. The aim of this study was to investigate the amount of hamburger contamination in terms of aerobic mesophilic count and its changes relative to the adverse conditions of temperature Materials and Method: In this study, 25 samples of 60% meat hamburger from 5 different brands were performed microbial test. Microbiological testing involves the total count of microorganisms . Samples were stored at a temperature of 25 ° C after the initial test in 4 periods of one week and after each period, a relevant microbial test was performed on them. Results: In these tests, the highest and lowest levels of contamination have been reported for test 5 and 1 respectively. It was also found that the longer the storage period was in unfavorable conditions (5 ° C), the probability of growth of the germs increased and a higher amount of counts was reported. Conclusion: Maintaining hamburger samples under adverse temperature conditions is one of the environmental factors that endangers product and consumer health. Keywords: Hamburger, Total Microbial Counting, Maintenance Manuscript profile
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        24 - The (Un)homely and Migratory Literature in Alia Yunis’s The Night Counter
        SHOLEH ABHARI LALEH Fazel Asadi Amjad
        10.30495/dk.2021.682104
        The concept of home carries with itself an emotional and secure weight which usually gives one a sense of belonging and stability; however, for the migrant or the colonized subject the world is “unhomely”. Using the theories of Homi K. Bhabha concerning the More
        The concept of home carries with itself an emotional and secure weight which usually gives one a sense of belonging and stability; however, for the migrant or the colonized subject the world is “unhomely”. Using the theories of Homi K. Bhabha concerning the unhomely, the present research attempts to focus on the dislocated state experienced by Fatima, the protagonist-narrator, in Alia Yunis’s novel, The Night Counter (2009), and the plurality that comes with being caught in the space of unhomely. In this research, the major question is that is there hierarchal privileges in cultural hybridity or not? Bhabha holds that hybridity is free from hierarchal privileges; while attesting to the wide range of practicality Bhabha's concept of unhomely enjoys in regard to the postcolonial diasporic communities, the researcher argues that there are such cases, as that of Fatima, in which the migrant manages to move beyond his or her geographical displacement and live a fully articulated cultural life in a Eurocentric culture via recourse to his or her native religio-cultural heritage. This proves the priority of one culture over the other rather than its absence as Bhabha claims since the passage of years do not prevent Fatima from following her native culture. Manuscript profile
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        25 - Design and Synthesis of an Embedded Processor to Sort Data Based on the Internal Memory of a Programmable Logic Array
        H. Amin Zadeh
        Sorting is still one of the main challenges in processing input digital binary data. Depending on implementation of the sorter, the three main factors are speed, chip area and power consumption.  When realized on a floating point gate array (FPGA), sorter acts like More
        Sorting is still one of the main challenges in processing input digital binary data. Depending on implementation of the sorter, the three main factors are speed, chip area and power consumption.  When realized on a floating point gate array (FPGA), sorter acts like an embedded processor beside many other processing units. For these implementations, the number of CLBs occupied by the sorter is very important. In this paper, a new algorithm is proposed to implement sorter on FPGA using minimum number of CLBs. Unlike previous algorithms which employ comparator to sort data, this high-power large-area unit is not needed in and most of the process can be fulfilled by the available random access memory (RAM). In addition to less number of CLBs, this approach also improves reliability. To show the effectiveness of the proposed technique, a 256 word sorter with 16 bits word length is synthesized on xilinx spartan 3 XC3S1500 based on this method. Manuscript profile
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        26 - Detecting and Counting Pistachio Psylla Pest Using Machine Vision in Laboratory Condition
        Mohammad Ghorbani Mohammadmehdi Maharlooei Kamal Ahmadi
        10.30495/sarj.2022.1950499.1063
        Plant diseases and pest damages are one of the main factors that reduce both quality and quantity of final crops and restrict growers profit. Problems in photosynthesis and evapotranspiration may be taken place due to these pathogens. Efforts to apply chemicals or emplo More
        Plant diseases and pest damages are one of the main factors that reduce both quality and quantity of final crops and restrict growers profit. Problems in photosynthesis and evapotranspiration may be taken place due to these pathogens. Efforts to apply chemicals or employing other methods for pest and disease control need precise field scouting and experts to identify the problem in a timely manner. Psylla pest is one of the most prevalent pests in pistachio orchards, which causes irreparable damage to orchards every year. In this study, the feasibility of employing machine vision to discriminate and count Pistachio Psylla was evaluated. Field data were collected from research orchards in three different time slots in summer based on pest infestation. The images were taken by various cellphone cameras with different resolutions in high and low controlled lighting conditions. The results of image-based count were compared with manual count by the expert technician in the laboratory. The effect of different light conditions and cameras with different resolutions on pest detection were evaluated by ANOVA test. There was no significant difference between manual count and digital count in high lighting conditions, but the differences in low lighting conditions were significant (p<0.05). The incorrect classification percentage values for low lighting conditions were higher than the ones obtained for high lighting conditions. This could be due to the lower quality of the images, in higher ISO values in low lighting conditions.The results showed that images taken by low-cost cameras in proper light intensity can easily replace the time-consuming and labor-intensive method of manual count. Manuscript profile
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        27 - The genetic structure of geographic populations of Chilo suppressalis (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in northern Iran based on mitochondrial COII gene
        Abbas Heydari Alireza Nazari Mohammad Ali Oshaghi Elham Sanatgar
        10.30495/sarj.2023.1977771.1115
        Rice is one of the most important and oldest crop and is one of the three leading crops in the world. Chilo suppressalis (Walker), rice striped stem borer, is a key insect pest damaging the rice crop up to 33 percent. Understanding genetic structure of the pest is essen More
        Rice is one of the most important and oldest crop and is one of the three leading crops in the world. Chilo suppressalis (Walker), rice striped stem borer, is a key insect pest damaging the rice crop up to 33 percent. Understanding genetic structure of the pest is essential for an effective pest management program and can corporate with control program. Aim of this stud was to determine the genetic structure of mitochondrial COII (mtDNA-COII) gene of the pest in north of Iran. Rice stem borer specimens were collected from rice fields in Guilan and Mazanderan provinces, at Caspian Sea coast at seasonal activity (spring) in 2016-2017. Genetic structure of 18 populations of the species was invesigated using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by direct-sequencing of mtDNA-COII gene. The obtained sequences were compared with each other and the available data in GenBank database. In total, 312 and 676 specimens were collected from Guilan and Mazanderan provinces respectively. Results showed that all specimens from two provinces are identical are like specimen from South Korea with GenBank ID MK207057. Manuscript profile
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        28 - بررسی اثرات عملیات آبخیزداری بر قابلیت تولید رواناب با استفاده از روش SCS در حوضه آبخیز عنبران چای
        علی احمدآبادی پرستو غفورپور عنبران
        انجام عملیات آبخیزداری تاثیرات مختلفی بر میزان تولید رواناب و رسوب و در واقع خصوصیات هیدرولوژیکی در حوزه ‌های آبخیز دارد. در این پژوهش، به مطالعه اثر عملیات آبخیزداری بر قابلیت تولید رواناب در حوزه آبخیز عنبران ‌چای پرداخته شده است. بدین منظور از داده ‌های توپوگرافی منط More
        انجام عملیات آبخیزداری تاثیرات مختلفی بر میزان تولید رواناب و رسوب و در واقع خصوصیات هیدرولوژیکی در حوزه ‌های آبخیز دارد. در این پژوهش، به مطالعه اثر عملیات آبخیزداری بر قابلیت تولید رواناب در حوزه آبخیز عنبران ‌چای پرداخته شده است. بدین منظور از داده ‌های توپوگرافی منطقه در قالب مدل رقومی ارتفاع (DEM)، کاربری اراضی، گروه ‌های هیدرولوژیکی خاک و محدوده ‌های انجام عملیات آبخیزداری استفاده شد و همچنین به کمک تصاویر ماهواره‌ای لندست (5 و 8) و استفاده از شاخص گیاهی تفاصلی نرمال شده (NDVI) تغییرات پوشش‌ گیاهی در دو مقطع قبل و بعد از انجام عملیات آبخیزداری به منظور محاسبه میزان CN استخراج شده و با استفاده از روش SCS قابلیت تولید رواناب در قالب ساختار داده رستری مدل سازی شده است. نتایج تحقیق نشان می‌ دهد که انجام عملیات آبخیزداری موجب افزایش میزان شاخص NDVI و در نتیجه افزایش سبزینگی شده است و نتیجه آن در حوزه عنبران ‌چای، کاهش قابلیت تولید رواناب بخصوص در بخش‌ های بالایی حوزه بوده است. هم‌ چنین افزایش تراکم پوشش ‌گیاهی، افزایش میزان نفوذپذیری(CN) حوزه را به دنبال داشته است.   Manuscript profile
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        29 - تعیین شماره منحنی رواناب در دو اقلیم خشک و مرطوب ایران به کمک RS و GIS (مطالعه موردی: حوضه‌های آبریز منصورآباد و ناورود)
        مصطفی یعقوب زاده بهروز اعتباری علی شهیدی علی محمد نوفرستی
        استفاده از سیستم اطلاعات جغرافیایی و سنجش از دور به منظور تخمین رواناب حوضه آبریزدر سال‌های اخیر افزایش یافته است. این پژوهش به منظور مشخص نمودن وضعیت هیدرولوژیکی و رواناب دو حوضه آبریز با دو اقلیم متفاوت (خشک و مرطوب) در کشور انجام شد. در این تحقیق، نقشه شماره منحنی رو More
        استفاده از سیستم اطلاعات جغرافیایی و سنجش از دور به منظور تخمین رواناب حوضه آبریزدر سال‌های اخیر افزایش یافته است. این پژوهش به منظور مشخص نمودن وضعیت هیدرولوژیکی و رواناب دو حوضه آبریز با دو اقلیم متفاوت (خشک و مرطوب) در کشور انجام شد. در این تحقیق، نقشه شماره منحنی رواناب با استفاده از سیستم اطلاعات جغرافیایی و تصاویر ماهواره لندست (ETM+) برای دو حوضه آبریز، منصورآباد خراسان جنوبی و ناورود گیلان و بر اساس فاکتورهایی مانند گروه هیدرولوژی خاک، کاربری اراضی و پوشش گیاهی تعیین شده است. نقشه وضعیت پوشش زمین برای دو حوضه آبریز با کمک شاخص NDVI، نقشه کاربری اراضی حوضه‌ها با استفاده از داده‌های ماهواره لندست و نقشه گروه هیدرولوژیکی خاک به کمک نقشه‌های خاک، شیب، کاربری اراضی، تشکیلات زمین شناسی و بازدیدهای صحرائی تهیه گردید. از تلفیق نقشه‌های تهیه شده در GIS و با استفاده از  جدول SCS، نقشه شماره منحنی رواناب برای هر دو حوضه تعیین گردید. سپس برای ارزیابی صحت شماره منحنی به دست آمده، دبی حداکثر سیلاب در هر دو حوضه آبریز به کمک مدل HEC-HMS محاسبه و با مقدار مشاهده ای مقایسه گردید. عدم اختلاف معنی دار بین دبی محاسبه ای و مشاهده ای، نشان داد شماره منحنی هر دو حوضه آبریز با صحت زیاد محاسبه شده است. هم چنین نتایج نشان داد که متوسط وزنی شماره منحنی رواناب حوضه منصورآباد خیلی بیشتر از حوضه ناورود می باشد که این امر می تواند سبب بروز سیلاب‌های مخرب در هنگام وقوع رگبارهای فراوان شود. Manuscript profile
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        30 - Assessment of CN method in runoff Estemation using of GIS In Madarsu basin in Golestan province
        Ali Panahi Bohloul Alijani Hosein Mohammadi
        Every year, due to the penetration of cyclone and different air masses and also local conditions, the resultingflood phenomena causes extreme damage to the natural and economical resources. Sometimes, due to the floodwaves or high density of residual materials, hydromet More
        Every year, due to the penetration of cyclone and different air masses and also local conditions, the resultingflood phenomena causes extreme damage to the natural and economical resources. Sometimes, due to the floodwaves or high density of residual materials, hydrometric stations are damaged and consequently the recordeddata do not match to real data. Considering the lack of hydrometrical stations in most of the small watersheds,determination of runoff and maximum flood discharge requires a suitable method to estimate runoff and peakflow which to be used in flood and erosion control management plans. In this study empirical CN method isused.In this study, a principle of work method is applying of statistical data (5686 statistics year of climatologystations Robate ,Ghare bil, Cheshmekhan, Hagholkhaje, Dasht, Dashte shad, tangrah,Ghojmaz,Til abad,pishkamar, Galikesh and station hydrometric Tnagrah). Spatial data analysis and also using of satellite imagesfor gaining CN map in SCS model with GIS, in the next stage recognized applying the SCS equation, CN mapand precipitation layer which zones have the potential for creating of similar runoff.In this study, also due to assessment curve number CN choice several flood danger that the results shows thehigh correlation between curve number calculated and curve number observed and also resulted that use ofweight model in curve number calculate provided to consider all of effective factors in runoff existing and at theresult attain reliable estimate of runoff resulting the rainfall. Manuscript profile
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        31 - Preliminary Report on the Excavations at Site No. 11 of Talvar Dam Basin, Bijar, Kurdistan
        Hamidreza Valipour Iman Mostafapour Reza Behdadfard Ghafour Kaka
        Within the irrigation of Talvar storage Dam, constructed on the river Talvar, a 30-kilometer-length lake would be created. Consequently, a large number of the archeological site would be flooded. Thus, it was necessary to perform some studies and discoveries around this More
        Within the irrigation of Talvar storage Dam, constructed on the river Talvar, a 30-kilometer-length lake would be created. Consequently, a large number of the archeological site would be flooded. Thus, it was necessary to perform some studies and discoveries around this Basin. After recognizing and identifying the archeological sites, the discovering around the key areas and sites was started. Tel No. 11 was excavated with the basic aim of saving and achieving the archeological information. This site was excavated during one season through stratigraphy and in a horizontal way. In these excavations, some works of Chalcolithic and historical Parthian periods were obtained which paved the way for the possibility of performing some comparative studies as well as understanding cultural interactions in this area. With regards to the conducted comparisons, most of the cultural exchanges of Chalcolithic period in this area have been with Zanjan and Takestan regions. However, these infra-regional interactions with Dalma cultural areas in Central Zagros and NorthWest could be observed. The ceramics related to this area, in Parthian Period, reveal the features of Iran’s west region.  Manuscript profile
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        32 - strt
        alireza shapor shahbazi
        ertert
        ertert Manuscript profile
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        33 - A Study Diversity of Morphological Characters of Brown Trout (Salmo trutta fario) in Tajan River and Babolrud River in Mazandaran Province
        S. Vatandost Gh.H. Vosoghi Sh.A. Nezami A. Abdoli A. Matin far
        The study was conducted to determine suitable characters for separating brown trout (Salmo trutta fario) populations from Tajan River and Babolrud River in autumn 2006. Using electrofishing, one hundred two specimens were collected in two rivers (forty one from Shirinru More
        The study was conducted to determine suitable characters for separating brown trout (Salmo trutta fario) populations from Tajan River and Babolrud River in autumn 2006. Using electrofishing, one hundred two specimens were collected in two rivers (forty one from Shirinrud, thirty one from Ashekrud, thirty from Kelyareh). Twenty nine morphometric and seven meristic characters were analysed. Using PCA, the best separating characters of populations were determined. Among the morphometric characters, six factors accounted for about 79% of variation within individuals of the three populations including: head width, inter orbital length, predorsal length, pecto-ventral length, mandibular length, total length, head length , eye diameter , pectoral fin length, head depth, postdorsal length , post ventral length ,caudal peduncle length, post anal Length, Adipose fin length. In the case of meristic characters, three factors accounted for 60% of variation within populations including: anal fin ray, gill rackers, dorsal fin ray. The results showed that meristic characters are more important than morphometric characters in serparation of populations. Manuscript profile
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        34 - Application of ozone for reducing the microbial count of mechanically deboned chicken meat
        M. H. Eskandari S. hasheminasab M. niakosari S. Shekarforoush
        Ozone is a strong oxidant and potent disinfecting agent and it has gained a lot of applications to preserve food commodities. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of ozonated water on the shelf-life of mechanically deboned chicken (MDC) during storage at More
        Ozone is a strong oxidant and potent disinfecting agent and it has gained a lot of applications to preserve food commodities. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of ozonated water on the shelf-life of mechanically deboned chicken (MDC) during storage at 4 °C. Five different MDC samples were treated with ozone (0, 0.032, 0.065, 0.098, 0.13 ppm/g) and individually wrapped and stored at 4 ± 2 °C.  The samples were analyzed for chemical (peroxide value) and microbiological (aerobic mesophilic counts, psychrotrophic counts, Staphylococcus aureus counts, coliform counts and mold and yeast counts) at 0, 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15 days of refrigerated storage. The result showed that in comparison with the control sample, ozone treatment caused a significant (P Manuscript profile
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        35 - Correlation of impedance with plate count method, pH, and TVN in the evaluation of microbial load of minced beef
        R. Zangeneh A. Fazlara M. Pourmahdi
        10.30495/jfh.2019.669284
        Measuring the total microbial count of cow minced meat with the conventional method and comparing the result with standard limits is one of the routine tests. Achieving the results of total microbial count in minimum time is really important for confidence from the hygi More
        Measuring the total microbial count of cow minced meat with the conventional method and comparing the result with standard limits is one of the routine tests. Achieving the results of total microbial count in minimum time is really important for confidence from the hygienic quality of products. So impedance- splitting method as a new technique for this purpose was considered in order to receive the results in less time and as soon as possible. The main purpose of the study was to evaluate the correlation between impedance detection times (IDT in hrs), total microbial population (log CFU/g), total volatile nitrogen (TVN) and pH of minced meat. Totally 80 minced meat samples were collected and examined for the total microbial count by reference and impedance - splitting methods, also total volatile nitrogen and pH were measured based on the recommendations of Iran's Standard Institute and Industrial Investigation. Then the calibration curves of methods and their equations were obtained by using Excel software. The calibration curves of methods were elaborated for total microbial count and impedance detection time, demonstrating a good correlation between the two methods in mince neat samples equal to %93/39. Also according to the calibration curves, the correlation between impedance detection time and total volatile nitrogen in all of the samples was equal to %69.8. Also, the correlation between total microbial count and pH was equal to %71/4. According to the aforementioned correlation values, the impedance technique could be only recommended as an alternative method in evaluating the microbial load of the minced meat. Manuscript profile
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        36 - Encapsulation of wheat germ and probiotic bacteria Bacillus licheniformis using guar gum and maltodextrin by freeze drying method to increase the shelf life of wheat germ
        Maryam Sharifi Mohammad Goli Mohaddaseh Ramezani
        10.30495/jfh.2022.1967947.1376
        As a byproduct of the milling process, wheat germ provides a rich source of minerals, vitamins, tocopherols, phytosterols, amino acids, and important fatty acids. However, the high levels of unsaturated oil and high levels of enzymes lead to a reduction in wheat germ's More
        As a byproduct of the milling process, wheat germ provides a rich source of minerals, vitamins, tocopherols, phytosterols, amino acids, and important fatty acids. However, the high levels of unsaturated oil and high levels of enzymes lead to a reduction in wheat germ's nutritional value during storage, which severely reduces the product's shelf life. The purpose of this study was to use guar gum and maltodextrin together with the freeze-drying encapsulation technique to extend the shelf life of probiotic wheat germ containing Bacillus licheniformis. In this regard, the durability of the encapsulated probiotic wheat germ was assessed for 360 days of storage using three different ratios of maltodextrin to guar gum, including 1 to 0.3, 0.1, and 0.03. The tests were carried out using a completely random design, and the averages were assessed using Duncan's test with a significance level of 5%. The effect of time on the changes in oxidation indices of the encapsulated wheat germ was evaluated positively. During 360 days of storage, the encapsulated sample with maltodextrin and guar gum in all examined ratios significantly reduced the total acid value (P< 0.05). In comparison to samples without probiotics, the inclusion of B. licheniformis probiotic considerably reduced the values of the total acid number and TBA index (P< 0.05). In the probiotic treatment, the levels of peroxide, anisidine, totox, mold, and yeast significantly increased with longer storage times (P< 0.05).  Manuscript profile
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        37 - Study of Beef Carcass Bacterial Contamination in Karajrak Slaughterhouse
        V.A Koohdar
           Carcass meat is sterile immediately after slaughtering, but surface contamination takes place during and after dressing. Slaughter processes have very important role in increase or decrease of microbial contamination. In this study, neck, posterior side of More
           Carcass meat is sterile immediately after slaughtering, but surface contamination takes place during and after dressing. Slaughter processes have very important role in increase or decrease of microbial contamination. In this study, neck, posterior side of the foreleg, flank and rump sites of 10 beef carcasses were sampled with indirect swabbing method at post skinning, before trimming and post final washing, to evaluation of these operational steps effect on bacterial population. Bacteriological examination (aerobic plate counts at 37°C, Escherichia coli enumeration and Salmonella identification) were obtained from the samples. The results indicated that posterior side of the foreleg and trimming were the most contaminated site and stage for aerobic plate counts, respectively. Cold water washing of carcass has significant effect (p<0.05) on decrease of microbial population from neck and rump, but it was ineffective in removing microbial contamination. The posterior side of the foreleg was the most contaminated site for Escherichia coli and salmonellawas detected only on trimming step of slaughtering. With due attention to low aerobic plate counts, Escherichia coli enumeration and absence of salmonella in samples after final washing, operating procedures are satisfactory in this bovine slaughterhouse. Manuscript profile
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        38 - Effect of Chitosan coating on some microbial and chemical properties of fresh chicken meat (orginal reserch article)
        V. Koohdar B. Radmehr
        Poultry meat is highly perishable and if not packaged and stored properly, it could get soiled easily. Using of natural coatings such as chitosan in the packaging material is among the approaches that could extend its shelf life. In this study, the effect of chitosan co More
        Poultry meat is highly perishable and if not packaged and stored properly, it could get soiled easily. Using of natural coatings such as chitosan in the packaging material is among the approaches that could extend its shelf life. In this study, the effect of chitosan coating as a natural preservative on shelf-life of fresh chicken fillet under chilled storage was investigated. For this, the chicken fillets were divided into the control and chitosan coated groups. Standard methods were used to evaluate the effect of chitosan on microbial (total bacterial and coliform count) and chemical (TVN) properties of samples during refrigerated storage (0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 days). Results showed that, the amount of total bacterial and coliform counts and total volatile nitrogen level in both groups was increased, but the increasing rate in coated samples was lower than uncoated ones. Coated and uncoated samples had statistically significant (P<0.05) difference in total bacterial and coliform counts and TVN level. In comparison with uncoated samples, the samples containing chitosan were later prone to microbial and chemical spoilage. Consequently, it can be concluded that coating poultry meat with chitosan could be applied as natural preservative for extending its shelf-life.  Manuscript profile
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        39 - Variations in microbial load of raw milk and influencing factors form dairy farms to collection centers of Esferayen area
        عبداله Jamshidi رضا Vakili حسام Seifi جواد Hajizadeh
           Raw milk is among the highly perishable foods which are subjected to various environmental contaminations following milking. In this study, the factors influencing bacterial load of bulk-milk were investigated. For this purpose, 100 samples were obtained fr More
           Raw milk is among the highly perishable foods which are subjected to various environmental contaminations following milking. In this study, the factors influencing bacterial load of bulk-milk were investigated. For this purpose, 100 samples were obtained from dairy farms around Esferayen during spring, summer and autumn of 2009. The samples were taken in three stages: after milking, before transportation from dairy farm, and before delivering to milk-collection-center. The samples were analyzed for total bacteria count (TBC). To determine the factors which could influence the TBC of raw milk, a questionnaire sheet where designed. Statistical analysis were performed by means of logistic regression (genmod procedure), using SAS software (version 8.2). According to the results of this study, maintaining cold chain throughout the transportation and storage of raw milk, prevention of mastitis, cleaning and sanitizing of containers and equipments, age and breed of dairy cattle as well as indirect factors such as education level of dairy farmers, distance to milk-collection-center had significant effects (P<0.05) on microbial count of bulk-tank-milk. It was concluded that to reduce bacterial in raw milk, it is crucial to maintain cold-chain throughout milking process, wash teats with sanitizers, improve the hygienic condition of the milking utensils as well as to improve the overall quality of personnel education. Manuscript profile
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        40 - Effect of warm-smoking on total microbial count of meat products
        افشین Javadi حمید Mirzaii پیام Pashak
             The frankfurters are amongst the most famous and popular sausages in the world and beef and poultry meat are used in Iran for their preparation. The techniques of warm smoking at 42°c for two hours and then hot smoking together with steam cooking More
             The frankfurters are amongst the most famous and popular sausages in the world and beef and poultry meat are used in Iran for their preparation. The techniques of warm smoking at 42°c for two hours and then hot smoking together with steam cooking at 8°c for one hour are utilized in proportion of this product. In spite of its carcinogenic properties, smoke is used to create color, flavor and odor and to improve the preservative qualities of sausages. In this study, 14 sausage samples were taken from each of the stages of frankfurter production line including pre-smoking, post- warm smoking and post-hot smoking, their total microbial counts (aerobic mesophiles) determined and the means of the three stages compared using the ANOVA statistical test. The results indicated that the total microbial count increased significantly (P<0.05) during warm smoking compared to the pre-smoking stage and a subsequent significant decrease (P<0.05) was observed during the hot smoking stage but there was no significant difference after the hot smoking stage in comparison to the pre smoking stage. Although there are antimicrobial compounds in smoke, it seems that these compounds are not absorbed by the product during warm smoking at 42°c which is the optimum temperature for microbial growth and therefore the total microbial count increases during this stage but hot smoking at 80°c decreases the total microbial count.   Manuscript profile
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        41 - Changes of rabbits’ red blood cell counts in experimentally-induced pulmonary embolism confirmed using scintigraphy
        gholamreza assadnassab
           The purpose of this study was to determine the changes in red blood cell counts after experimentally induced pulmonary embolism in rabbits which was confirmed by scintigraphy. Red blood cell count is important in health and diseases because these cells tran More
           The purpose of this study was to determine the changes in red blood cell counts after experimentally induced pulmonary embolism in rabbits which was confirmed by scintigraphy. Red blood cell count is important in health and diseases because these cells transfer oxygen from lung to tissues. One of the practical methods for diagnosis of pulmonary embolism is scintigraphy. Twelve adult male rabbits were selected. A group of six rabbits was used as control. In another group of six rabbits pulmonary embolism was experimentally induced by injection of autologous blood clots through right jugular vein. Pulmonary embolisms were confirmed by scintigraphy operations. At 0, 30, 60 min, 24, 48 and 72 hours after induced pulmonary embolism, blood samples were collected from rabbits of both groups and the red blood cell counts were determined. The technetium was milked from molybdenum- technetium generator and then added to macroaggregated albumin (MAA) kit.  In all rabbits, 1.5 mCi of prepared 99mTC–MAA was injected into the marginal ear vein. In control group, 1ml of normal saline was injected via the margin ear vein. In this study, increases in red blood cell counts of the diseased rabbits were observed in the first and second days. These counts returned to normal status in the third day. These changes may reflect the performance of the body's immune system and response of physical reflexes to reduce the complications of pulmonary embolism. Therefore it is recommended that in patients with pulmonary embolism, more attention to red blood cell counts is required due to their specific performance along with other measurements.   Manuscript profile
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        42 - An Analysis of Economic, Social and Cultural Factors Affecting Gender Geography
        masood safaee pour Nadia Daripoor
        Gender equality is of paramount importance as one of the issues related to socio-economic development. Gender inequalities Has a negative effect on human development and human resource quality improvement. The present study aims to analyze the status of women in compari More
        Gender equality is of paramount importance as one of the issues related to socio-economic development. Gender inequalities Has a negative effect on human development and human resource quality improvement. The present study aims to analyze the status of women in comparison with men in different regions of the country based on comparison of census statistics in 2011 and 1394. This research was carried out using Arc / Gis software and using descriptive-analytical method. Despite having a share of women's economic activities in villages than men, the share of men is still more than women. In the third region (including the provinces of East Azarbaijan, West Azarbaijan, Ardebil, Zanjan, Gilan and Kurdistan), women with a weighted income are not all participants in economic activities, but they tended to move independently. The findings show further improvements in the economic, social and cultural spheres. However, the position of women in terms of these indicators did not change much. Manuscript profile
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        43 - Feasibility of Flooding in The Watershed Leilan Chai (Maragheh) CN Metod
        Mohammad reza Sarvati Akbar Rostami Fatemeh Khodadadi
        Flood is a natural phenomenon, which human being has experienced from very old times. In Iran, due to its very large area, several climates, and time and local density of Precipitations in most watersheds, there are many great floods of the country. In this study, run-o More
        Flood is a natural phenomenon, which human being has experienced from very old times. In Iran, due to its very large area, several climates, and time and local density of Precipitations in most watersheds, there are many great floods of the country. In this study, run-off coefficient, maximum debit of flood, identifying the factors and elements that are effective on bloodiness, and zoning of the area of Leilan chai watershed based on its flood bearing are analyzed. The curve number method was used for this watershed. To do this, firstly, the needed data and information including the statistical situation of the area climates and satellite images were gathered Inputted to the GIS data system. Compiling these data and information by the SCS method and the CN of the watershed, The infiltration level and run-off volume were prepared.Finally, the zoning map of the annual flooding potential of the area were produced using weighting model and compiling the area Precipitation, hydrological groups of soil, slope level, land use, etc. Manuscript profile
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        44 - Flood Risk Zonation Using Compilation CN Model and AHP Via GIS (Case Study: River Basin Balekhlo)
        Ezzat allah Ghanavati Amir Safari Ebrahim Beheshti Javid Esmaeil Mansourian
        In this research the runoff coefficient and effective elements that affect the floods risk of Balekhlo basin were estimated and studied. In this area (Balekhlo River basin) to estimate the amount of runoff the curve number method (CN) were used. This method is the most More
        In this research the runoff coefficient and effective elements that affect the floods risk of Balekhlo basin were estimated and studied. In this area (Balekhlo River basin) to estimate the amount of runoff the curve number method (CN) were used. This method is the most common method to predict runoff volume. For this purpose, the data and information required includes: the maximum daily rainfall statistics, maps Density of vegetation, soil and Hydrologic Soil Groups were prepared and entered into Geographic Information System (GIS) environment. Combining these data with the model (SCS), maps (CN) basin, the amount of precipitation (S) and runoff (Q) was prepared. Finally, the hierarchical analytical process was used and six factors include: runoff, hydrological soil groups, slope, vegetation density, land use and drainage density were weighted using AHP method. Finally, the zonation map of flood potential produced with different return periods (5, 15, 25 and 50 years) by weighed layers. Results showed that about 40 to 47 percent of watershed areas, during periods of 5 to 50 years have moderate flooding potential. Manuscript profile
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        45 - فایل کامل این شماره
        عبدالحمید کریمی حسن نظریان عفت جعفری احمد حاتمی
        فایل کامل  این شماره
        فایل کامل  این شماره Manuscript profile
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        46 - • Analyzing the Scholars Opinions of Rasm al-Muṣḥaf in Ancient Masāḥīf: Case Study Muṣḥaf Number 1 of Āstān Quds Razavi Library (Muṣḥaf Attributed to Imam Ali (as))
        maryam gheidar morteza tavakoli
        One of the most famous manuscripts of the Qur'an, attributed to the handwriting of Amir al-Mu'minīn Ali ibn Abi Tālib (as), is dedicated to No. 1 in the central library of Āstān Quds Razavi. This Muṣḥaf is written in Kufic script and it is almost complete compared to ot More
        One of the most famous manuscripts of the Qur'an, attributed to the handwriting of Amir al-Mu'minīn Ali ibn Abi Tālib (as), is dedicated to No. 1 in the central library of Āstān Quds Razavi. This Muṣḥaf is written in Kufic script and it is almost complete compared to other versions. In this research, we aim to identify the common and distinctive features of this Muṣḥaf by comparing it with the Muṣḥaf style. The basis for understanding the custom of the Muṣḥaf will be the opinions of Abu Amr Dāni and Abū Dāvūd Suleimān ibn Najah, and in this regard, the Amīri Muṣḥaf and the Libyan Muṣḥaf have been placed as references. This comparison will show, on the one hand, that there is a lot of correspondence between the Muṣḥaf under study and the Muṣḥaf, and on the other hand, it will show the points of disagreement, their nature, and their repetition and frequency. It should be noted that the majority of these differences (nearly 2000 differences were found in the style of the Quranic words) are related to the omission or excess of the letter Alīf, as well as the difference in the writing of Vāw or Yā or Hamzah, which distinguishes the calligraphy of this Muṣḥaf from the style of the Muṣḥaf. Manuscript profile
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        47 - Determination of Antibiotic Residues in Traditional and Industrial Raw Milks Produced in Fasa City During 2019-20
        Zeinab Askari Dornoush Jafarpour
        10.30495/jfst.2021.1931858.1724
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        48 - تاثیرامواج فراصوت بر شمارش میکروبی و خواص فیزیکو‌شیمیایی آب آلبالو
        لیلا هوشیار جواد حصاری صدیف آزاد مرد دمیرچی ممنونه شنگل
        10.30495/jfst.2020.674595
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        49 - The effect of gamma rays on shelf life of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) fillet in the refrigerator condition
        reza shahhoseini Zohreh Mashak
        Various ways to increase the duration used for food storage, among whom radiation can be used as an effective way to retard spoilage in food in particular is concerned with the origin of the fish. In this study 50 grass carp (Grass carp) (Ctenopharyngodon idella) (mean More
        Various ways to increase the duration used for food storage, among whom radiation can be used as an effective way to retard spoilage in food in particular is concerned with the origin of the fish. In this study 50 grass carp (Grass carp) (Ctenopharyngodon idella) (mean weight 1-1.5 kg) for gamma irradiation with cobalt-60 source by doses of zero, 1.5, 2.5 and 3.5 kGy chosen and then change microbial load and total volatile nitrogen in the days 1, 7 and 14 were evaluated under the conditions of storage in refrigerator. These research results demonstrate the significant decline in aerobic mesophilic bacteria and T.V.N in the irradiated samples in comparison with non-irradiated samples. In this study, given that the dose of 3.5 kGy dose caused a significant decrease in comparison with other (standard range) T.V.N values and aerobic mesophilic bacteria was in the refrigerator until the seventh day. Therefore, in Grass carp using it (3.5kGy) as the best dose to prevent corruption is recommended in seventh days. Manuscript profile
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        50 - Effect of different levels of somatic cell count of cow milk and lipase enzyme on free fatty acids composition and sensory properties of White brined cheese
        Hamed Zarei Ali Reza Shahab Lavasani
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        51 - Microbial evaluation of herbal waters distributed in Kashan 2012
        Navid Mazroi Arani Reza Sharafati Chaleshtori
        Abstract In Iran, herbal waters are as traditional medicinal products and are widespreadly consumed. Therefore, microbial quality of these products in terms of public health is important. The aim of this study was evaluation of microbial quality of Herbal waters distrib More
        Abstract In Iran, herbal waters are as traditional medicinal products and are widespreadly consumed. Therefore, microbial quality of these products in terms of public health is important. The aim of this study was evaluation of microbial quality of Herbal waters distributed in Kashan 2012. In this descriptive study, the number of 132 herbal waters samples (27 traditional samples and 105 industrial samples) distributed in Kashan during 2012 year were purchased and transferred to laboratory. Then microbial tests such as total aerobic bacterial count, mold and yeast count, total coliforms, detection of enterococcus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and sulphite reducing clostridia were evaluated based on national standard of Iran. The results showed that any one samples not contaminated to coliforms, E. coli and Sulphite reducing clostridia. 51.52% and 11.6% of samples were demonstrated total mesophilic bacteria and yeast counts more than the standard, respectively. Also, based on national standard of Iran, 57 industrial herbal waters samples (54.29%) and 4 traditional herbal waters samples were usable. Based on obtained results and contamination of some of these products to mold and yeast as well as high count of total aerobic mesophilic bacteria, pasteurization, good packaging material and good hygiene in processing procedure is recommended. Manuscript profile
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        52 - برآورد پتانسیل سیلاب با تاکید بر ویژگی‌های ژئومورفولوژیک در حوضه آبخیز خرشک با استفاده از روشSCS ، رودبار، استان گیلان
        فرهاد حمزه اردوان بهزاد
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        53 - چند شکلی‌ در ژن گیرنده شماره یک-A ملاتونین و ارتباط آن با نرخ زایش در گوسفندان نژاد زل و نائینی
        ن. مرادی ق. رحیمی ن. نظیفی ع. نوربخش
        تاثیر ژن 1A گیرنده ملاتونین بر نرخ زایش در 150 میش نژاد گوسفند زل و نائینی مورد مطالعه قرار گرفت. به‌ منظور تعیین چند شکلی­ها از تکنیک  PCR-RFLPبا کمک دو آنزیم محدود کننده MnlI و RsaI استفاده شد. دو آلل M و C در هر دو نژاد دارای بیشترین فراوانی بودند. ژنوتیپ &n More
        تاثیر ژن 1A گیرنده ملاتونین بر نرخ زایش در 150 میش نژاد گوسفند زل و نائینی مورد مطالعه قرار گرفت. به‌ منظور تعیین چند شکلی­ها از تکنیک  PCR-RFLPبا کمک دو آنزیم محدود کننده MnlI و RsaI استفاده شد. دو آلل M و C در هر دو نژاد دارای بیشترین فراوانی بودند. ژنوتیپ  MMدر نژاد زل با فراوانی 52/0 و در نژاد نائینی با فراوانی 60/0 فراوان‌ترین ژنوتیپ بود. در نژاد زل ژنوتیپ CT با فراوانی 45/0 و در نژاد نائینی ژنوتیپ CC با فراوانی 44/0 بیشترین فراوانی را نشان دادند. ژنوتیپ  MMCTبا فراوانی (25/0) فراوان‌ترین ژنوتیپ بود. در آنالیز تجزیه واریانس اختلاف معنی‌داری بین ژنوتیپ‌های  MTNR1Aو صفت نرخ زایش در نژاد نائینی نشان داده نشد، در حالی‌که ژنوتیپ‌های mm و Mm در نژاد زل عملکرد بهتری را در میانگین نرخ زایش نشان دادند. به‌ نظر می‌رسد با انتخاب گوسفندان با این ژنوتیپ‌ها بتوان نرخ زایش در نژاد زل را بهبود بخشید. آلل‌های mC و mT در هر دو نژاد زل و نائینی تأثیر مثبتی بر نرخ بره‌زایی نشان دادند. ژنوتیپ mmCT بیشترین میانگین نرخ زایش را در بین سایر ژنوتیپ‌ها داشت. در پایان، چند شکلی در جایگاه ملاتونین می‌تواند تنها بخشی از تنوع ژنتیکی فعالیت جنسی فصلی در این دو نژاد را توجیه نماید در نتیجه عملکرد سایر ژن‌ها را هم باید مورد توجه قرار داد. Manuscript profile
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        54 - مطالعه مقایسه‌ای قابلیت هضم کاه گندم توسط قارچهای بی هوازی شکمبه گاومیش خوزستان و گاو هلشتاین در شرایط آزمایشگاهی
        ف. شاکرمی م. چاجی م. اسلامی ط. محمد آبادی م. بوجارپور
        این مطالعه به منظور مقایسه قابلیت هضم کاه گندم توسط قارچ‌ها و کل میکروارگانیسم‏های شکمبه (WRM) گاو و گاومیش انجام شد. قابلیت هضم ماده خشک (DMD)، الیاف نامحلول در شوینده خنثی (DNDF) و اسیدی (ADFD) توسط WRM و قارچ‌های شکمبه گاو و گاومیش به روش هضم آزمایشگاهی، تولید گا More
        این مطالعه به منظور مقایسه قابلیت هضم کاه گندم توسط قارچ‌ها و کل میکروارگانیسم‏های شکمبه (WRM) گاو و گاومیش انجام شد. قابلیت هضم ماده خشک (DMD)، الیاف نامحلول در شوینده خنثی (DNDF) و اسیدی (ADFD) توسط WRM و قارچ‌های شکمبه گاو و گاومیش به روش هضم آزمایشگاهی، تولید گاز و کشت اختصاصی قارچ‌های شکمبه (SRAFC) مقایسه شد. DMD،  NDFDو ADFD کاه توسط WRM گاومیش (به ترتیب 80/60، 93/49 و 45/17 درصد) بیشتر از گاو (به ترتیب 00/53، 63/38 و 62/10 درصد) بود (05/0P<). صرف نظر از نوع میکروارگانیسم‌ها DMD (05/0P>)، NDF و ADF توسط گاومیش (03/51، 41/44 و 09/12 درصد) بیشتر از گاو (40/48، 34/36 و 76/8) بود (05/0P<). پتانسیل تولید گاز (B) کاه توسط قارچ‌ها و WRM گاو بیشتر از گاومیش بود (05/0P<). نرخ تولید گاز (C) توسط WRM و قارچ‌های شکمبه گاومیش بیشتر از گاو بود (05/0P<). صرف نظر از نوع میکروارگانیسم، C کاه در گاومیش بیشتر از گاو بود (05/0P<)، و بلعکس برای B بود (05/0P<). صرف نظر از نوع دام، قابلیت هضم و B برای WRM بیشتر از قارچ‌ها بود (05/0P<)، اما برای نرخ تولید گاز بین آنها تفاوتی وجود نداشت. در روش SRAFC، DMD کاه در گاومیش در روزهای 3 و 12 بیشتر از گاو بود (05/0P<). تعداد قارچ‌ها در شکمبه گاو بیشتر از گاومیش بود (05/0P<). در کل، می‌توان بیان نمود که توان قارچ‌ها و WRM گاومیش بیشتر یا برابر با گاو بود. بنابراین، نتایج برتری گاومیش نسبت به گاو هلشتاین در استفاده از مواد فیبری کم کیفیت را نشان داد. Manuscript profile
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        55 - اثر شمارش یاخته‌های پیکری کُل و افتراقی، مرحله شیردهی و تعداد دوره‌های شیردهی بر لیپولیز و ترکیب فیزیکوشیمیایی شیر شتر (Camelus dromedaries) و گاو
        اچ. حامد آ.ف. ال فکری آ. گرگوری
        مطالعه حاضر با هدف بررسی اثرات شمارش یاخته­های پیکری (SCC)، SCC افتراقی (ماکروفاژ (MAC)، لیمفوسیت (LYM) و لوکوسیت­های چندهسته­ای (PMN))، تعداد و مرحله شیردهی بر ترکیب شیر در شیر شتر و گاو صورت گرفته است. شیر شتر به طور معنی­داری (05/0>P) حاوی مواد معد More
        مطالعه حاضر با هدف بررسی اثرات شمارش یاخته­های پیکری (SCC)، SCC افتراقی (ماکروفاژ (MAC)، لیمفوسیت (LYM) و لوکوسیت­های چندهسته­ای (PMN))، تعداد و مرحله شیردهی بر ترکیب شیر در شیر شتر و گاو صورت گرفته است. شیر شتر به طور معنی­داری (05/0>P) حاوی مواد معدنی بیشتری است. سطح لیپولیز در شیر شتر مشابه شیر گاو است. سطح لیپولیز همگام با افزایش سطح MAC در شیر شتر افزایش یافته ولی در شیر گاو چنین نیست. نتایج حاصل نشان می­دهد که MAC در تجزیه چربی شیر شتر نقش­آفرینی می­کند. ترکیب مواد معدنی به طور معنی­داری تحت تأثیر SCC در شیر شتر واقع می­شود. ترکیب شیر تحت تأثیر تعداد دوره شیردهی در هر دو گونه قرار نمی­گیرد. سطح کل جامدات شیر، کلسیم و سدیم در شیر شتر همگام با پیشرفت دوره شیردهی، کاهش می­یابد. Manuscript profile
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        56 - ارزیابی آلودگی فلزات سنگین خاک های سطحی شهرک صنعتی شماره ۲ اهواز- جنوب غرب ایران
        قدرت الله رستمی پایدار جعفر رهنماراد احد نظرپور
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        57 - Karyotypic study of three Achille millefolium genotypes from Iran
        علی مازوجی فهیمه سلیم پور Talayeh Poorfarzaneh
        Achillea is one of the most recent genera of the Asteraceae family which exists throughout the world.  Achillea millefolium accessions was performed from new localities in two provinces including Hyrcanian region and Irano-turanian region for the first time. Chromo More
        Achillea is one of the most recent genera of the Asteraceae family which exists throughout the world.  Achillea millefolium accessions was performed from new localities in two provinces including Hyrcanian region and Irano-turanian region for the first time. Chromosomal characteristics and karyotype asymmetry indicated that two accessions were hexaploid (2n=6x=54) and one of them is Octaploid (2n=8x=72). Am4 accession is the most asymetric karyotype. Based on our results, structural changes of chromosomes as one of as the mechanism of inter and intra species diversification in the Achillea.  Manuscript profile
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        58 - The Tale of Euhemerus and Euhemerism
        Sirous Shamisā Shoobāneh Sarrāf
        One of the oldest and most important schools in mythology, without doubt, is Euhemerism which considers myths as distorted accounts of historical events. Although, for a long time, this theory has had many supporters in Iran, there has been little research attempted on More
        One of the oldest and most important schools in mythology, without doubt, is Euhemerism which considers myths as distorted accounts of historical events. Although, for a long time, this theory has had many supporters in Iran, there has been little research attempted on it. In the present article, we examine the history of Euhemerism from the time of publication of Euhemerus’s Sacred History in 300 BC to the 18th century when it became an established school in mythology. We demonstrate how and why Euhemerus's point of view, a theory about ancient gods, has gradually turned into a school of thought in modern mythology. In this regard, we utilize original texts and have translated a part of Sacred History to Persian. Finally, we attempt to find reflections of Euhemerus's work in Persian literature and to show that a part of Kush-nama can be considered as an adaptation of his work. Manuscript profile
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        59 - شاهنامه و نجوم
        حافظ حاتمی
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        60 - اسطوره و ادبیات مدرن
        محمود طاووسی آمنه درودگر
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        61 - Development of finger counting habits in young children:literacy and handedness roles
        Ahmad Alipour Farhad Shaghaghi Mojtaba Dalir
        In order to investigate the development of finger counting habits emphasizing upon literacy and handedness roles in young children, 200 preschool and school age children of Tehran were selected by cluster sampling method. The Handedness Questionnaire of Chapman and Chap More
        In order to investigate the development of finger counting habits emphasizing upon literacy and handedness roles in young children, 200 preschool and school age children of Tehran were selected by cluster sampling method. The Handedness Questionnaire of Chapman and Chapman (1987) and the Finger Counting Questionnaire (Coren, 1993) were administered to the participants. The results of chi-square test indicated that there were significant differences between preschool (illiterate) and school age (literate) children, and between right-preferred and left-preferred children in finger counting habits. No significant difference was found between boys and girls in finger counting habits. Most of the preschool children started to count from 1 to 10 with right hand (23.5%) and left hand (18%), and most of the school age children started with right hand. Also right-preferred children often started to count from 1 to 10 with right hand and left-preferred children started with left hand.      Manuscript profile
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        62 - Survey on morphological diversity of European chub (Squalius cephalus) in Touji head branchof Talar River in Mazandaran Province.
        M. H. Gorjian Arabi M. Roohi M. Kazemian S. Vatandust A. Janbazi
            In this study from august 2008 to august 2009 through 12 sampling 298 Squalius cephalus were caught from mazandaran talar river. 123 of them were male, 115 of them female and sex of 60 specimen could not detect. In this research 26 morphometric attrib More
            In this study from august 2008 to august 2009 through 12 sampling 298 Squalius cephalus were caught from mazandaran talar river. 123 of them were male, 115 of them female and sex of 60 specimen could not detect. In this research 26 morphometric attribute and 8 meristic attribute were examined. According to the obtained results average coefficient of variation in the morphometric and meristic speciality in male Squalius cephalus respectively were 28/24 and  96/6 and in female 97/35 and  66/7 also in 26 morphometric attribute and 8 meristic attribute in the male and female Squalius cephalus none significant (P>05/0). Also according to the obtained results by aid of analysis method to main factors (PCA) two groups have relatively good overlap. There is a strong correlation among the length and weight of male(r2=981/0) and female (r2=983/0)  gender of Squalius cephalus in mazandaran talar  river. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        63 - Optimization of nisin concentration in fermented beef sausage to decrease sodium nitrite concentration in the final product
        Fatemeh Vaheb Nafiseh Sadat Naghavi Zarrindokht Emami-Karvani
        Bacteriocins such as nisin produced by lactic acid bacteria exhibit antimicrobial activity at very low concentrations without side effects. The aim of the present study was to optimize nisin content in fermented beef to achieve optimum pH and microbial community as well More
        Bacteriocins such as nisin produced by lactic acid bacteria exhibit antimicrobial activity at very low concentrations without side effects. The aim of the present study was to optimize nisin content in fermented beef to achieve optimum pH and microbial community as well as reduction of nitrite concentration in the final product. In this experimental laboratory research, fermented beef was prepared using Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus sakei. Then, optimization of nisin and sodium nitrite concentrations were done by response surface methodology based on the pH decrease and spoilage causing microbial count in fermented product. Among treatments, 3 treatments with respectively 80 and 100 ppm sodium nistrit and nisin, 128.28 and 140 ppm sodium nitrite and nisin and 180 and 196 ppm sodium nistrit and nisin showed the best results based on pH and spoilage causing microbial count reduction. The residual nitrite contents in these three treatments reduced to 5.7 to 8.47 ppm, which were lower than the limited amount. Clostridium was absent in all three beef products after one mount storage at 4 °C. Addition of nisin to fermented beef significantly decreased the nitrite concentration. Therefore, the usage of nisin is recommended as a preservative in beef sausage industries in Iran.   Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        64 - برآورد پتانسیل سیلاب با تاکید بر ویژگیهای ژئومورفولوژیک در حوضه آبخیز گوهر رود با استفاده از روش SCS
        اردوان بهزاد محمدرضا ثروتی ابراهیم مقیمی
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        65 - برآورد پتانسیل سیلاب با تاکید بر ویژگیهای ژئومورفولوژیک در حوضه آبخیز لیافو با استفاده از روش SCS
        اردوان بهزاد بهزاد فزونی فردین حکیمی
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        66 - پهنه بندی پتانسیل سیلخیـزی حوزه های غـرب استـان گیـلان با استفاده از GIS
        محمدرضا افشاری آزاد ایرج ارسلانی
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        67 - Comparing Between 28 Accounting Standard and 58 Insurance by-Law Council and Contrast Differences Between Profit and Trading Taxes of Insurance Corporations Roya Darabi Mahnaz Rabiee Majid Allah-Verdi
        رویا Darabi مهناز Rabiei مجید Alahverdi
        The main point of this research is comparing the 28 accounting standard with 58 insurance by-law council about recognizing and accounting insurance technical reserves company and scrutinize the meaning of contrast between net profit,profit availables for allocation and More
        The main point of this research is comparing the 28 accounting standard with 58 insurance by-law council about recognizing and accounting insurance technical reserves company and scrutinize the meaning of contrast between net profit,profit availables for allocation and trading taxes of insurance corporations. This project is applied in aspect of the main aim and is correlative in aspect of nature. In this project, the effect of applying 28accounting standard, 58 insurance by-low council and the researcher solution's(Accounting and Reporting of technical reserves, and natural disaster as margin capital reserves in the ownership interest part) at the net profit,profit availables for allocation and trading taxes of insurance corporations of investigation samples is separately tested with comparing data averages then, the result that is obtained have confirmed the hypothesis of this research. This project has been located in insurance companies 1386 to 1388. The summation information has been research library in which financial statement, deeds and papers have been used. Key Words: Technical Reserve of Non-Life Insurance, 28 Accounting Standard, 58 Insurance by-Low, Net Profit, Catastrophe Reserve.   Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        68 - Stock price prediction based on LM-BP neural network and over-point estimation by counting time intervals: Evidence from the Stock Exchange
        Mohammadreza Vatanparast masoud asadi Shaban Mohammadi abbas babaei
        In this study, to determine the stock price forecasting method, a LM-BP neural network was presented based on time series with respect to open price, highest price, lowest price, package price and volume of transactions. In the present study 315 days of stock prices wer More
        In this study, to determine the stock price forecasting method, a LM-BP neural network was presented based on time series with respect to open price, highest price, lowest price, package price and volume of transactions. In the present study 315 days of stock prices were chosen to create 10 samples and the test set includes stock prices from day 316 to day 320 and used the LM-BP neural network. In this research, the determination of the critical point of excess, asymmetry and counting of intervals were investigated. The curve MRE2-MRE1 was plotted and the precision related to the best prediction of the BP neural network was estimated based on several independent replicas. The post-test was performed using a Kupiec Test and a Christopherson test. The results showed that stock price prediction based on the LM-BP neural network and over-point estimation by counting the intervals resulted in better results than the existing methods. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        69 - Comparison of Two Methods of Preference Value Determination of Plant Species for Goat in Semi-Steppe Rangelands in Fars Province
        S.M.R Habibian H. Arzani S.H. Habibian
        Information of preference value of range plant is necessary in estimation of available forage yield in each site. In this study two methods of determination of the preference value, direct time observation (DTO) and bite count used and compared (BC) in the semi-steppe r More
        Information of preference value of range plant is necessary in estimation of available forage yield in each site. In this study two methods of determination of the preference value, direct time observation (DTO) and bite count used and compared (BC) in the semi-steppe rangeland in Cheshme-Anjir of Fars, 25 km North West of Shiraz in 2009. In both methods 3 goats were selected for grazing at 9 and 11 morning and 4 afternoons in four grazing periods. Time of consumption and number of bites for species plants were recorded, respectively. Data analyzed by factorial experiment in CRD using SAS and SPSS software's. Comparisons between two methods carried out by ANOVA, Pearson correlation and Spearman's rho correlation. The results showed that there were significant differences (p<0.01) in both techniques between preference value of species plant for goat. This study indicated that there was a similarity and correlation between DTO with BC methods (r=0.94). Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        70 - تشخیص افتراقی گلبول های سفید فیل ماهی (Huso huso) پرورشی در سنین مختلف (بچه ماهی، جوان و مولد)
        میگل تکلو مهرداد نصری رضوان ا... کاظمی
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        71 - بررسی و مقایسه خصوصیات ریخت سنجی و شمارشی ماهی گوازیم دم‌رشته‌ای (Nemipterus japonicus (Bloch,1791)) در سواحل جزیره خارک و بوشهر
        زهرا صادق پناهی عبدالرحیم پذیرا مژگان خدادادی
        Manuscript profile

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