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Open Access Article
1 - Evaluation the implications of rural resettlement due to the aggregation of flooded villages: the villages in East of Golestan province
masoomeh niyasati Seyed Amirhossein GarakaniThere are important choices to be made after the various accidents and the numerous financial and psychological effects of rural settlements, including decisions on how to intervene in rural settlements and the adoption of reconstruction policies. This intervention is i MoreThere are important choices to be made after the various accidents and the numerous financial and psychological effects of rural settlements, including decisions on how to intervene in rural settlements and the adoption of reconstruction policies. This intervention is identified as four types of identification, relocation, continuous development, or integration and integration for the reconstruction of damaged or destroyed villages due to natural hazards. Many scholars and scholars believe that among the above models, aggregation and integration have economic advantages in supplying facilities and services. The ruler's insight has led to less attention to its economic, social, physical and environmental implications. It seems that this indifference has led to the implementation and implementation of relocation and integration plans of rural settlements with the change in their vulnerability in the economic, social, physical and environmental dimensions and the development of the vulnerability of affected society Increase against future accidents. Extreme rainfall in the eastern province of Golestan province in August 2005 resulted in two devastating floods, one of the most damaging floods in the country. The Islamic Revolutionary Guard Housing Foundation has been providing housing for the affected population and in order to reduce the resettlement of villages due to the occurrence of future floods, the eleven villages in the city of Kalaleh, which had been damaged in recent floods in Golestan Province, were displaced. This research is descriptive-analytic and its data have been collected in two sections of library and field. The statistical population of this study is a collection of residents of the walled city and villagers who have returned to the villages of Chatal, Ghapan Oliya and Sofla. To test the vulnerability in two samples. However, the review of various experiences suggests that displacement of settlements, although effective in reducing physical morbidity, is mainly due to numerous social and economic consequences The displacement and consolidation of 11 villages of Golestan province in the post-flood Pishkamar site of 1384 were unsuccessful due to the lack of planning and designing, with macroeconomic and social costs, in reducing the dimensions of vulnerability of a settlement, including social and economic. This has led to the return of villagers to their old villages or citys. The quantitative results of this research also confirm the hypothesis that increasing the migration to cities, returning to old villages, ethnic conflicts, reducing production levels, increasing bank debt and the prevalence of insecurity in the outskirts of the Faragi city are one of the most important factors in increasing the vulnerability in the social and economic dimensions of the study area. The investigations indicate an increase in the amount of vulnerability in recreational areas in terms of economic and social dimensions and reducing its physical-environmental vulnerability to three villages. Since reducing the vulnerability of settlements is subject to control and reduction of damage and damage in all aspects, it seems that the reconstruction of rural settlements after the flood of 2005 in Golestan province has been effective in increasing the vulnerability of this area. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Analysis of the Effects of Urban Sprawl on Social Vulnerability (Case Study: Qazvin City Districts)
Esfandiar Zebardast Hossein GhanouniIran is a country prone to earthquakes in which so many cities have experienced earthquakes in far and near past. Although there is a high potential for earthquakes to be destructive, the level of losses and damages of them is not solely dependent on the magnitude and t MoreIran is a country prone to earthquakes in which so many cities have experienced earthquakes in far and near past. Although there is a high potential for earthquakes to be destructive, the level of losses and damages of them is not solely dependent on the magnitude and the location of the earthquake, or physical aspects of buildings and urban areas. In the analysis of the impacts of natural hazards, three broad categories have been defined: 1) focus on natural hazard's biophysical impacts because of the place it occurs; 2) focus on hazard's impacts on societies that experience the hazard because of the social characteristics of those societies and 3) an approach that takes into account both of impacts. This article takes the second approach to analyze the effects of natural hazards. In this approach, social characteristics of the communities and societies, in which earthquake happens, come to center stage. Social vulnerability is one of the important aspects of earthquake risks and consequences. In addition, the progress of communication and transportation technologies and an increase in agricultural production surplus because of the Industrial Revolution has caused many rural settlers to migrate to cities. The increasing population raise in cities has led to many economic, social and environmental consequences, of which excessive horizontal and leapfrog development (which is called urban sprawl in scientific literature) is one. In this article urban sprawl is defined as: "unplanned, far-from-center and automobile-accessed growth of cities which has environmental, economic and social effects and is characterized by low density, segregation of land-uses and limited accessibility". In this research, at first theoretical literature of urban sprawl and social vulnerability were reviewed and the indicators for measuring them were chosen (13 for urban sprawl and 7 for social vulnerability) and the relevant data for Qazvin was extracted by using national census data and Geographic Information System (GIS). Then explorative factor analysis for eigenvalues bigger than 1 was conducted by using SPSS software and the indicators for sprawl were categorized into 4 factors: “density”, “configuration”, “land-use” and “accessibility” (70.22% of variance explained), and the indicators for social vulnerability were grouped in 1 factor: social vulnerability (66.9% of variance explained). Then the maps for each factor of sprawl and two main topics (sprawl and social vulnerability) were made. The correlation analysis was conducted on four factors of sprawl, social vulnerability factor (which is representative of social vulnerability altogether) and sprawl as a whole. The results show that from 4 factors of sprawl, just density factor has a significant correlation (0.801) with social vulnerability. Sprawl is also significantly (although weaker) correlated to social vulnerability (0.44). In addition, regression analysis showed that four factors of sprawl can explain 67.6% of the variance of social vulnerability. The relation between social vulnerability and density/sprawl is positive/negative, i.e. by an increase in density/decrease in sprawl, social vulnerability increases. Finally, the maps of sprawl and social vulnerability in Qazvin city districts and the map of potential districts for development are shown based on the correlation of sprawl and social vulnerability. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Physical Pathology of Tehran Metropolitan Area (TMA)’s Spatial Logic, From the Perspective of Passive Defense Principles
Sahar Nedae Tousi Abbas Shahsafi Majid Ghaffari Abbas Taheri Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Physical criteria-traffic analysis and vulnerability assessment in Tehran 21 With an emphasis on crisis management
rahim gholami RAHIM SARVAR MAJID VALI SHARIAT PANAHI ZAHRA PISHGAHI FARDThe aim of this study was to analyze the vulnerability of the network in the event of accidents, with an emphasis on crisis management. Evidence suggests that in the event of accidents, the potential for insecurity, social disorder offenses and the offenders increases a MoreThe aim of this study was to analyze the vulnerability of the network in the event of accidents, with an emphasis on crisis management. Evidence suggests that in the event of accidents, the potential for insecurity, social disorder offenses and the offenders increases and the occurrence of both events and social unrest urban traffic management is difficult. In this study, 6 main criteria to determine the network's physical and spatial area 21 Tehran And using the (AHP) Was used to assess the vulnerability of the network in the event of accidents. This study cross - functional purpose Bashd.drgrdavry library and field data (questionnaire) was based on expert opinion. In this study, using some of the capabilities of GIS software to analyze several major objective in the management street networks of crisis events In the 21st District the potential vulnerability of the region based on physical conditions is shown. Based on the output maps and statistical analysis of the results، Town of North Cheetgar, town shahrdari, town Vilashahr,town Esteghlal and town 22 most risky and town Vardavard, town Darya and town Tehransar e gharbi of the safest areas of the Municipality, District21 And other vulnerabilities in the region are relatively low. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Assessment of flood vulnerability in Makran region using ArcGIS software
Ali Khalili Arian OsroshNatural disasters, including floods, have been on the rise in the last two decades, especially in Asia and Iran, due to the rampant urban development that has accompanied the global warming crisis. This is extremely significant given the extensive human and financial da MoreNatural disasters, including floods, have been on the rise in the last two decades, especially in Asia and Iran, due to the rampant urban development that has accompanied the global warming crisis. This is extremely significant given the extensive human and financial damage it causes. Makran or Makuran, located on the southeastern coast of Iran, is a developing region that is of national strategic importance and has attracted the attention of global investors in recent years. As a result, assessing the vulnerability caused by floods in this area can be effective in reducing human costs, especially financial management before the accident and reducing the adverse effects. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Factors affecting vulnerability zoning district 6 of Tehran and vulnerability in the face of natural disasters
Hasanali Faraji Sabokbar Behzad Nadi Mohammad Rezaie NarimisaIntroduction and objectives of the research: Determine the amount of vulnerability of urban tissues with factors affecting the vulnerabilities, one of which must be on before the occurrence of the events and to prepare for the more efficient management of the crisis in MoreIntroduction and objectives of the research: Determine the amount of vulnerability of urban tissues with factors affecting the vulnerabilities, one of which must be on before the occurrence of the events and to prepare for the more efficient management of the crisis in the cities. This research will also seek to explain factors affecting the vulnerability. On this basis, except in terms of the nature of descriptive research-analytical and applied to the target type. The Statistical Society of Tehran municipality is the District 6 is based on the dating and centralization as the sample is selected. Method: Data field and two for a library with tools such as questionnaires, books, articles and DEMATEL diverse map collection, and with the use of EXCEL software, MATLAB, IDRISI and ARC GIS 10, about the analysis of fact. Results: The results indicates that it is a central, South and parts of; especially the Southeast region due to the high life and dating buildings, population density and high household and communication networks filled the next maze with low permeability, high potential vulnerability. Conclusion: On this basis the user planning land and zoning as one of the most important tools and yet are critical objectives of urban planning context in the realization of disaster reduction in the risk of a wide view and urban development process. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Assessing urban seismic vulnerability(A case study of Ardabil City)
Aziz Donyadideh rasoul samadzadeh Ali PanahiIntroduction and Aim: Due to the devastating effects of earthquakes, it is essential to understand the potential risks and develop strategies to minimize their impact. The aim of this research is to analyze the vulnerability of Ardabil City in Iran to the risk of earthq MoreIntroduction and Aim: Due to the devastating effects of earthquakes, it is essential to understand the potential risks and develop strategies to minimize their impact. The aim of this research is to analyze the vulnerability of Ardabil City in Iran to the risk of earthquakes. The study focuses on the five regions of Ardabil City. Methodology: The research is applied and descriptive-analytical in methodology. The Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) was utilized for data analysis, which weighs four criteria and 19 sub-criteria. The information layers in Arc GIS software were combined together to produce a map of vulnerable areas. Findings: The findings indicate that planning and land-use criteria are crucial factors in assessing the vulnerability of Ardabil City. The structural and natural criteria also play a role in the seismic vulnerability of the city. The study shows that the northern, northwestern, eastern, and central parts of Ardabil City are more vulnerable to the risk of earthquakes. Conversely, the southern part of the city is considered the most resistant. Conclusion: The results indicate that nearly 30% of urban spaces have moderate to high vulnerability to earthquake risk, while around 50% are exposed to high vulnerability. This suggests that the physical structure of these areas is not suitable to manage a crisis caused by seismic activity. In conclusion, this research presents valuable insights into the risk of earthquakes in Ardabil City. The findings can inform the development of mitigation strategies to reduce the impact of earthquakes and protect the local community. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - The role of communications in the district 6 of Tehran and vulnerability mapping vulnerability in the face of natural disasters
HASANALI FARAJI SABOKBAR MOHAMMAD REZAIE NARIMISAIntroduction and objectives of the research: Urban passages as one of the physical elements of the city, plays a key role at the time of the occurrence, as well as after the occurrence of the earthquake, so that the managers of the crisis is one of the reasons being the MoreIntroduction and objectives of the research: Urban passages as one of the physical elements of the city, plays a key role at the time of the occurrence, as well as after the occurrence of the earthquake, so that the managers of the crisis is one of the reasons being the lack of extensive earthquake relief timely dimension arising from the injury the passages of speech. Research is also looking for ways to explain the role of communication in the urban areas of vulnerability in the face of the crisis. On this basis, except in terms of the nature of descriptive research analytical and objective-of the type of application-development. The Statistical Society of Tehran municipality is the District 6 is based on the dating and centralization as the sample is selected. Research method: Data field and two for a library with tools such as DEMATEL questionnaires, books, articles and different map, collect and use the EXCEL software, MATLAB, IDRISI and ARC GIS 10, are located about analysis. Results: The results indicates that it is a central and southern parts of the region; the passages in terms of access to the physical structure of the network of passages,-space, access to the range, access to public open spaces, wide roads (permeability), the distance from the infinite spaces of the body, fire, and medical centers, the most over the level of vulnerability can be possessed. Conclusion: Of course, it is worth mentioning that the texture and density; the crowd, pressed and consists of elements present in these sectors, as well as the role of credit in the amount of vulnerabilities going up passages. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Drought Vulnerability Assessment among Wheat Farmers in Esfahan Township
Masoud Ramazani Lida Sharafi Kiumars ZarafshaniThe current drought in Esfahan Township and damages incurred on agricultural sector clearly indicate that vulnerability among farmers is increasing. However, limited attention has been paid to drought mitigation and preparedness across the affected area. Therefore, it i MoreThe current drought in Esfahan Township and damages incurred on agricultural sector clearly indicate that vulnerability among farmers is increasing. However, limited attention has been paid to drought mitigation and preparedness across the affected area. Therefore, it is imperative to study vulnerable group which is the bench mark in drought risk management the predictors of vulnerability among farmers in Isfahan Township. In this study used survey research design and data was collected from 275 wheat farmers using multistage stratified sampling through questionnaire and personal interview with farmers whom has experienced drought. Farmers' vulnerability was determined using Mebar & Valdez (2005). Results revealed that farmers in Jarghooyeh Olya had the highest vulnerability (3.77) and farmers in Bon Rood had the lowest vulnerability (3.32). Results of this study have implications for policy makers in distributing resources to farmers with high vulnerability. Innovation of this paper is to quantify the vulnerability of rural communities using formula and the ranking these communities based on the vulnerability. Thus vulnerability assessment could be basic to the allocation of resources and funds. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Impact Assessment of Operating Agricultural Management Scenarios on Quality and Quantity of Surface Water Resources Using Semi-Distributed Model and Checking the Vulnerability of the Aquifer (Case study: Hashtgerd Plain)
Mahmoodreza Nooralinejad Islamloo Mojtaba Shourian S. Sadjad MehdizadehBackground and Aim: The source of many qualitative and quantitative problems of water resources is the activities that are done in a watershed. Therefore, reviewing the planning strategies of watershed can lead to the reduction of these challenges therefore it is necess MoreBackground and Aim: The source of many qualitative and quantitative problems of water resources is the activities that are done in a watershed. Therefore, reviewing the planning strategies of watershed can lead to the reduction of these challenges therefore it is necessary to assess the effects of operating of these strategies before implementing them. Method: This research is carried out in the Hashtgerd basin is located in the central part of Alborz province. After making the semi distributed hydrological model (SWAT), this model has been developed to convert quantity and quality of surface water resources. For this purpose, the statistics of hydrometric stations Fashand, Dehsomeh and Najmabad and qualitative data of nitrate of the index station were calibrated and validated as control points. After model sensitivity analysis, its calibration process was conducted using SWAT-CUP software with SUFI2 algorithm and 500 iteration and the best values of selected parameters were obtained. Then, impact of implementing management scenarios are required such as modifying cropping pattern and improving irrigation methods to enhance the agricultural efficiency for improving agricultural state and reducing the contaminations. At last assessing the vulnerability of the Hastgerd aquifer using seven DRASTIC parameters by overlaying layers, ranking and weighing was assessed. Results: The results of the monthly surface runoff simulation were tested by Nash-Sutcliffe indicators and coefficient of determination. The results above 0.7 which showed that the simulation was done with good precision showed that simulation was done with proper precision(results over 0.7). The results of the Nitrate calibration and validation show that the NS was 0.83 and 0.7 and the R2 was estimated .87 and 0.89. These values indicate the proper performance of the model and approve high correlation between the observed and simulated data. After determining the vulnerability map of the Hashtgerd aquifer along the density of wells correcting the weights of the model layers, the central part of the plain is the most vulnerable. Conclusion: Two management scenarios were modeled including the change in the cropping pattern and improvement of the irrigation efficiency to assess the quality and quantity variation in surface resource. It was indicated, by modifying the cropping pattern and reducing water exploitation, the amount of surface runoff was increased. However, the density of Nitrate was reduced by 5 to 20 percent in different months. With implementation of scenarios, the water consumption in the agriculture sector will be reduced from the 85.3 MCM to 59.8 MCM. The final vulnerability index of the aquifer varied between 44 to 90 by using DRASTIC method. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Point Sources Pollution Index Development in Well Capture Zones with Mathematical Modeling Approach (Case study: Meshgin Shahr plain)
Mohsen Heidarogli Hossein Saadati Ebrahim FataeiBackground and Aim: It is possible to identify the areas of plains that are highly vulnerable to contaminating wells by modeling, integrating, and developing indicators. The presence of polluting points in these areas will bring and intensify the risk of contamination o MoreBackground and Aim: It is possible to identify the areas of plains that are highly vulnerable to contaminating wells by modeling, integrating, and developing indicators. The presence of polluting points in these areas will bring and intensify the risk of contamination of wells. The main goal of this research is to develop and provide a new index to determine the vulnerable levels around the wells that can cause the pollution of drinking and agricultural wells and, consequently, the pollution of the aquifer. In this research, the combination of point pollutant sources density was used as a risk index and well capture zones as a vulnerability index. This method is more accurate than other methods because it takes into account features such as discharge, natural damping, soil, aquifer hydraulic conductivity, land use, landcover, and distribution of wells, and it is a combination of vulnerability index and risk index.Method:In the present research, the vulnerability of Meshginshahr’s plain’s aquifer with an area of 614 square kilometers is estimated using the combination of two factors of the density of polluting sources in the areas of the rivers and the well capture zones.First, the density of point pollution sources such as industries, villages, gas stations, as an index of potential polluting sources in Mashgin Shahr’s plain’s rivers is determined by Karnal method in GIS environment. Then, numerical modeling is done to determine the well capture zonesusing MODFLOW and MODPATH models.The statistical data of 10 years from 2011 to 2020 is divided into three categories.The first 8 years are used for the calibration, and the last 2 years were used for model validation.Modeling was performed for stable state.Then the parameters of hydraulic conductivity, recharge and anisotropy are subjected to sensitivity analysis.In the next step, using the MODPATH model and based on the results of the MODFLOW model, well capture zonesor areas with high vulnerability are estimated in different periods.By combining the density layer of point pollutants in the rivers’ protection area and well capture zones, the developed pollution index of the plain is obtained.Results: The density of pollutants in the region varied from zero to 0.998 items per square kilometer, so that the highest density is in the southwest of the plain, around the important cities of the region. In 16% of the total surface of the plain, there is no capture of pollution by wells. The final capture with 25% of the plain has the largest share and the 10-year capture with less than 1% of the plain has the lowest share. The results of the final index shows that the entire level of the plain is in the range of low risk, and about 50% of the level of the Meshgin’s plain is in the range of low vulnerability. The results of this index are validated based on the density of two important pollutants, nitrate and chloride, which have a positive correlation with the vulnerability index. Two potential pollutants are selected as accuracy parameters to confirm the result of the index developed in this research. Nitrate is considered in rural and agricultural areas, which are affected by agricultural fertilizers and sewage. Chloride also indicates pollution in industrial and commercial places. The results show that the relationship between the two parameters of chlorine and nitrate is almost linear, so that the Pearson correlation coefficient for nitrate is 0.58 and for chloride is 0.49.Conclusion: The results of this research indicated that in the plains’ management in order to protect the wells’ water quality, the combination of the risk index of point pollutants in the rivers and the vulnerability of the well capture zones can play an important role, and in the industrial development of Mashgin Shahr plain, priority should be given to areas with lower risk. Due to the fact that there are no industrial towns or units in Mashgin Plain, it is not possible to evaluate the risk classes of this index with the spatial changes of groundwater pollution, and it is recommended that this index be used and evaluated in industrial plains. The index presented in this research is simpler compared to other developed indices in the field of aquifer pollution, however; for more accuracy, the weight of the effect can be determined for any point or non-point pollutant, or other parameters can be used Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - Modifying DRASTIC model to determine groundwater vulnerability in a coastal region
Niloofar Khoshdooz-Masooleh Hossein Babazadeh Seyyed-Hassan Tabatabaei Mehdi NaderiCoastal aquifers have a high potential for contamination by seawater intrusion. Thus, the vulnerability of groundwater resources can be very effective in identifying vulnerabilities and sensitive groundwater aquifers. This study was conducted to evaluate Kish island aqu MoreCoastal aquifers have a high potential for contamination by seawater intrusion. Thus, the vulnerability of groundwater resources can be very effective in identifying vulnerabilities and sensitive groundwater aquifers. This study was conducted to evaluate Kish island aquifer vulnerability. The DRASTIC model was employed and modified based on the coastal aquifer conditions. Two additional parameters were included to the model which describes the balance between seawater and aquifer water level. The vulnerability maps were produced by DRASTIC and M-DRASTIC models. The comparison of these maps was performed using EC and TDS as the main indicators. The required data were collected from the existing reports as well as some extra direct water sample measurements. The overlaying of the vulnerability map was obtained by the DRASTIC method. Comparison of M-DRASTIC with EC and TDS maps showed that the mean differences for DRASTIC map with EC map is 17.41 and 10.24, respectively and for M-DRASTIC is 0.69 and 0.55, respectively. This indicates that the M-DRASTIC model is more adapted to coastal zones. The vulnerability index in DRASTIC method is generally lower than M-DRASTIC range. Based on the M-DRASTIC vulnerability analysis, it was found that 17.8, 48.1 and 34.1 percents of Kish island area is under average, high and very high risk of groundwater contamination, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - Ecological risk assessment of heavy metals lead, zinc and cadmium in the Lakan lead and zinc company
Seyed Alireza Sharifi mojgan zaeimdar Seyed Ali Jozi Rokhshad HejaziBackground and Objective: Today, the implementation of industrial development programs without considering environmental considerations, has led to the continued entry of pollutants into the environment. Currently, industrial pollution is considered the main cause of en MoreBackground and Objective: Today, the implementation of industrial development programs without considering environmental considerations, has led to the continued entry of pollutants into the environment. Currently, industrial pollution is considered the main cause of environmental degradation. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the ecological risk of toxic metals lead, zinc, and cadmium in the Lakan lead and zinc processing company.Method: After organizing and standardizing the data using GIS, ecological risk assessment and also the environmental risk index of toxic metals in the study area were estimated.Findings: The results of the ecological risk assessment showed that among the studied toxic metals, cadmium metal has the lowest risk (0.01% of the area in the high-risk class) and zinc has the highest risk (0.02% of the area in the high-risk class). Also, the results of the environmental risk index assessed 99% of the region in terms of cadmium metal risk in the low-risk category and 92% of the region in terms of zinc risk in the critical class, and lead metal was in the intermediate status.Discussion and Conclusion: In conclusion, it can be stated that following industrialization, the spread of industrial pollution is inevitable, but methods and measures have been used to mitigate and reduce their consequences. One of the important methods in reducing the effects of environmental pollution is ecological risk assessment. Therefore, considering the capabilities of GIS systems in the preparation of environmental assessment maps, it seems that this system can be useful in facilitating the assessment of the ecological vulnerability of metal mining industries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - Zoning the Structural Vulnerability Index Due to Climate Change (SVCCI) (Case study: Kurdistan province)
Eqbal Vahdani Hossian Mohammadi Farideh AsadianBackground and Objective: Future climate fluctuations are one of the greatest challenges facing humankind, which have a profound effect on soil and water as a source of agricultural production. One of the methods for assessing the caused damage is the calculation of the MoreBackground and Objective: Future climate fluctuations are one of the greatest challenges facing humankind, which have a profound effect on soil and water as a source of agricultural production. One of the methods for assessing the caused damage is the calculation of the structural vulnerability index due to climate change or index (SVCCI). In this study, the index is calculated in Kurdistan province.Method: In this study, using data from 11 meteorological stations in the period 1380-1396 for 10 cities of Kurdistan province, the index was calculated. To calculate the components of the index, it is necessary to calculate the precipitation index, drought index and potential evapotranspiration in the region. Then, for each of the index components, the trend and instability in the trend were examined by non-parametric Mann-Kendall test. Then weighting was done in different ways and finally, due to the different units of the index components of each component, the components were normalized by means of the equation (CN) and based on the results of calculating the index, the damage and the most susceptible areas in Kurdistan province to the fluctuations of climatic factors were identified.Findings: The results of this indicator showed that the mean value of the index in the cities of Kurdistan province is 51.4. Meanwhile, Dehgolan city has the highest vulnerability and Saravabad has the least amount of vulnerability compared to the climate change fluctuations.Conclusion: The purpose of this study is to provide a method for mapping the economic vulnerability of climate fluctuations which can be the basis for future planning depending on the availability and reliability of data. So that decision makers can develop urban-scale policies to control more vulnerability to climate change. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - Environmental Impact Assessment on Torghabeh-Shandiz Township using Degradation Model
Sahar Heidari Masteali Bahman Jabbarian Amiri Afshin Alizadeh ShabaniBackground and purpose: Land degradation modeling is one of the environmental impact assessment methods that quantitatively represent the effects of human activities. The purpose of applying this model is identifying vulnerability factors and destruction of ecosystems, MoreBackground and purpose: Land degradation modeling is one of the environmental impact assessment methods that quantitatively represent the effects of human activities. The purpose of applying this model is identifying vulnerability factors and destruction of ecosystems, to prevent further destruction by other project and also to show feasibility of future development to decision markers. Method: first The study area was partitioned into 94 cells, 1600 ha each and then Fourteen degradation factors were identified along with their intensity using land use map, field observations and expert views. So the determination of ecological susceptibility and physiological density was determined and all cells were classified to 4 categories: recommended for development, zones that require reconstruction, protection and cells hadn't development potential based on fuzzy theory. Results: The results show that from 94 cells, 22 cells (23.40% of the total area) require reconstruction, 37 cells (39.36% of total area) have no development potential, and 35 cells (37.22% of total area) are recommended for development. Discussion and Conclusion: The effects of destructive activities (which are mainly destructive effects of tourism activities) in the region are obvious, so that destructive activities such as land use change and river pollution to the region on the one hand. They are the main causes of destruction of the 94 cell, 21 cell due to faults and 16 cell due to being in the Binalood protected area, have no development potential. 35 cell are recommended for development in first to third priorities, these cells are in low physiological density area and 22 cell due to high physiological density and severity destructive agents has a high degradation coefficient and need to be reconstructed, and therefore any future development in this area, should be excluded. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - Vulnerability Assessment in Urban Areas against Flood with Fuzzy Logic (case study: Tehran District 22)
Elham Esmaeili Alavijeh Saeid Karimi Fatemehsadat AlavipoorBackground and Objective: In general, in recent decades, due to urban lives on the sidelines of rivers, dwellers of these areas have been the subject of damages caused by flood. The goal of this research is determining the vulnerability level of urban areas against floo MoreBackground and Objective: In general, in recent decades, due to urban lives on the sidelines of rivers, dwellers of these areas have been the subject of damages caused by flood. The goal of this research is determining the vulnerability level of urban areas against flood in order to reducing human and financial losses. Method: For this purpose, Chung fuzzy analysis hierarchical process method (fuzzy AHP) is used due to the higher degree of possibility for weighting criteria of gradient, soil, distance from river, geology, height, land usage, and population. After weighting, the criteria of vulnerability in the environment ARCGIS were fuzzy and ultimately fuzzy operators were used for overlapping layers. Findings: To amend the obtained maps, algebraic multiplication and algebraic addition operators, Gamma 0.9, Gamma 0.7 and Gamma 0.5 operators were used. Obtained map from Gamma 0.7 operator was chosen as the final map of vulnerability for obtaining more appropriate result. Discussion and Conclusion: Therefore, considering the final map, and that the percentage of population density is over 1.07 in the eastern north of the area near Kan river, the possibility of vulnerability is proposed to be high in that area. Also it is possible that unpermitted constructions in Kan and Vardavard River limits will lead to water aggregation and its sudden release in the area, and if the process of unpermitted constructions and population increase is continued in the area, it can be resulted that the possibility of vulnerability against flood may be high in Tehran District 22. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - Environmental Impact Assessment of Development in Torghabeh-Shandiz Township Using Degradation Model
Sahar Heidari Masteali bahman jabbarian amiri Afshin Alizadeh ShabaniAbstract Background and Objective: Land degradation modeling is one of the environmental impact assessment methods that quantitatively represents the effects of human activities. The purpose of applying this model is to identify the destruction factors and susceptibilit MoreAbstract Background and Objective: Land degradation modeling is one of the environmental impact assessment methods that quantitatively represents the effects of human activities. The purpose of applying this model is to identify the destruction factors and susceptibility degree in ecosystems in order to prevent further destruction by other projects and to show the feasibility of future development to decision markers. Method: The study area was firstly partitioned into 94 cells (1600 ha) and then 14 degradation factors along with their intensity were identified using land use map, field observations and expert views. Ecological susceptibility and physiological density were then determined and all cells were classified into four categories as recommended for development, required for reconstruction, required for protection and cells with no development potential based on fuzzy theory. Findings: The results show that 22 cells (23.40% of the total area) out of 94 cells require reconstruction, 37 cells (39.36% of total area) have no development potential, and 35 cells (37.22% of total area) are recommended for development. Discussion and Conclusion: The effects of destructive activities in this region (that is mainly due to the detrimental effects of tourism activities) were evident, so that the destructive activities such as change in land use and land cover, on the one hand, and waste and rivers pollution, on the other hand, were found as the main causes of destruction in the region. Out of 94 cells, 21 cells and 16 cells had no development potential due to faults and due to being in Binalood protected area respectively. 35 cells are recommended for development in first to third priorities; these cells are in low physiological density area. 22 cells, due to high physiological density and severity of the destructive agents, have a high degradation coefficient and need to be reconstructed, and therefore should be excluded from any future development. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - Developing a strategic model for earthquake crisis management, targeting to minimize economic vulnerability; case study on district 22 of Tehran
Mehdi Ghadami Iran Ghaziحوادث غیرمترقبه ازجمله مسائلی هستند که گریبانگیر دولتها و ملتها شده، تلفات جانی و خسارات اقتصادی فراوانی بر آنها تحمیل مینمایند. در این مقاله، با رویکردی زیربنایی و نرم به رسالت مهندسی زلزله، نسبت به طراحی الگویی راهبردی برای مدیریت بحران زلزله اقدام گردیده است. در Moreحوادث غیرمترقبه ازجمله مسائلی هستند که گریبانگیر دولتها و ملتها شده، تلفات جانی و خسارات اقتصادی فراوانی بر آنها تحمیل مینمایند. در این مقاله، با رویکردی زیربنایی و نرم به رسالت مهندسی زلزله، نسبت به طراحی الگویی راهبردی برای مدیریت بحران زلزله اقدام گردیده است. در این راستا، از روش تحقیق آمیخته (ترکیبی از روشهای کمّی و کیفی) بهرهگیری شده و ضمن اخذ آراء خبرگان حوزههای مهندسی زلزله و مدیریت بحران، متغیرهای کمّی و کیفی اثرگذار بر میزان آسیبپذیری لرزهای پهنهها، شناسایی و تحلیل گردیدهاند، بهنحویکه متغیرهای دارای ماهیت کمّی و سنجهپذیر، در قالب مدل ارزیابی آسیبپذیری لرزهای، بررسی گردیده و سایر عوامل راهبردی اثرگذار که دارای ماهیت کیفی میباشند نیز با بکارگیری تکنیک تحلیل راهبردی سوآت، ارزیابی شدهاند. در بخش کیفی پژوهش، با استفاده از روش تحلیل محتوا، چارچوب مفهومی الگو و نیز معیارهای ارزیابی آسیبپذیری لرزهای استخراج شدهاند. در بخش کمّی پژوهش نیز با بهرهگیری از تکنیکهای آماری ازجمله آزمون همبستگی، الگوی موردنظر برازش گردیده و با استفاده از روش فرایند تحلیل سلسله مراتبی و بهرهگیری از نرم افزار Expert Choice، ضریب اهمیت معیارهای ارزیابی آسیبپذیری لرزهای و شاخصهای عددی شدت آسیبپذیری لرزهای تعیین شدهاند. سپس، مبتنی بر تحلیل آسیبپذیری لرزهای، راهبردهای متناسب، تدوین گردیده و با توجه به سطح اهمیت آنها، الویتبندی شدهاند. درنهایت، راهکارهای اجرایی متناسب با هر راهبرد پیشنهاد میگردند. به منظور پیادهسازی الگوی نهایی، منطقه 22 شهر تهران به عنوان مورد مطالعه انتخاب شده که وسیعترین توسعه شهری متصل به تهران و به تعبیری استانداردترین منطقه شهری در سطح کشور است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - Analysis of Coastal Environment Vulnerability Determination Methods
Tahoora Daheshvar Afshin Danehkar Masoud Monavari Borhan Riazi masoud kheyrkhah zarkeshThis research wants to reflect the results and methods of pervious researches in natural places and coastal areas and tries to find best method for decision making in coastal areas of Iran. This research has been done by investigating 49 researches about vulnerability w MoreThis research wants to reflect the results and methods of pervious researches in natural places and coastal areas and tries to find best method for decision making in coastal areas of Iran. This research has been done by investigating 49 researches about vulnerability which 70% of them were about vulnerability evaluation in coastal areas and 69 researches was about the stresses and 10 researches was about sensitive areas. Among various methods the most useful method is CVI. In this method both variables and stresses are used. This survey also showed that sees level rise is the most used stress and Irregular and scarce rainfall and construction of dams is tow stresses that used only in one research. So stresses that used more than the others are more important. The survey also showed that among sensitivity resources, ecological criteria and economical criteria have the highest frequency. So for calculating sensitivity each sensitivity resources that used more than the others are more important Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - تحلیل آسیبپذیری و پهنهبندی شهر ایلام در برابر حملات هوایی از منظر پدافند غیرعامل
علی شماعی امید لطیفی حسن حسینی امینی -
Open Access Article
21 - ارزیابی مولفههای ارتقادهنده مسکن مهر در راستای کاهش آسیبپذیری اجتماعی از دیدگاه ساکنان؛ موردپژوهی: مسکن مهر صدرا
نیلوفر لک باقر کریمی خسرو موحد -
Open Access Article
22 - بررسی الگوی فضایی آسیبپذیری شهرها از زلزله و پیشنهاد الگوی بهینه (نمونه موردی: شهر کرمانشاه)
سهراب امیریان -
Open Access Article
23 - Formulating the psychosocial vulnerability model of chronic depression: The grounded theory
Seyed Mohammad Reza Samsam Shariat Hamid Taher Neshat Doost Mehrdad Kalantari seyed hamid reza oreyzi samaniThe aim of this study was. This exploratory qualitative study was carried out using grounded theory method. Data were collected via semistructured in-depth interviews and field notes. We interviewed with 12patients with chronic depression.Participants were selected from MoreThe aim of this study was. This exploratory qualitative study was carried out using grounded theory method. Data were collected via semistructured in-depth interviews and field notes. We interviewed with 12patients with chronic depression.Participants were selected from two psychotherapy clinics. The survey instrument included; structured Clinical Interview for DSM5 criteria and 24-item Hamilton depression scale (HRSD24). Data were analyzed using the NVIVO software. The results showed as a result of these factors caused chronic depression terms of the previous treatment failure and multiple courses prior history of depression and a sense of disability of physical problems and chronic pain. This disorder has been achieved in the context of the problem in terms of social / familial and financial / employment / education. The results showed that the basic conditions to depression include cognitive and behavioral factors which are influenced by mood and emotion regulation. The continuation of this disorder is the result of factors and physical health as well as social and family factors and occupational, academic and financial factors, which leads to the symptoms of chronic depression. Based on the grounded theory method of this study, Since most psychotherapy processes have been emphasized on aspects of cognitive / behavioral, at the time of the chronicity of the disorder, better health priority, according to maintaining these categories: health problems and physical and fields family / social and jobs / education /financial. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - Explanation of Psychological Vulnerability Based on the Attachment Styles in Students of Mixed-state Universities of Tehran
مهرانگیز پیوسته گر محمد علی بشارت شیما پژوهی نیا محمد یاسین سیفیThe purpose of this study was to explain psychological vulnerability to Aggression, Interpersonal sensitivity , Psychotics and Paranoid based on attachment styles in students of mixed- state universities of Tehran. The statistical population comprised of all students MoreThe purpose of this study was to explain psychological vulnerability to Aggression, Interpersonal sensitivity , Psychotics and Paranoid based on attachment styles in students of mixed- state universities of Tehran. The statistical population comprised of all students at mixed-state universities in Tehran (in the 87-88 school year), by Using random multiple cluster sampling method, Cochran formula, 384 male and female students were selected and completed. The Adult Attachment Inventory (AAI) (Besharat, 1379) and the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R) (Deragotis, 1983). Data were analyzed by using SPSS statistical software, Pearson correlation coefficients and simultaneous regression analysis. Analysis of the data revealed that secure attachment style with psychological vulnerabilities has negative significant correlation and avoidant and ambivalent attachment styles with psychological vulnerabilities have positive significant correlation (P < 0.0001). Moreover, attachment styles specially secure and ambivalent styles can explain psychological vulnerabilities in different kinds and levels. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - Degradation assessment of Jajrood protected area using landscape degradation model
Afshin Danehkar Shirkou JafariDegradation model is a method for environmental impact assessment and it has been widely applied for accumulative impact assessment of human activities. In addition, landscape indicators have been widely used in landscape planning as quantitative tools. One important ap MoreDegradation model is a method for environmental impact assessment and it has been widely applied for accumulative impact assessment of human activities. In addition, landscape indicators have been widely used in landscape planning as quantitative tools. One important application of landscape metrics is their contribution to landscape degradation model. The goal of this research was to assess landscape degradation in Jajrood protected area. In doing so, landscape indicators were calculated using a land use/cover map of Jajrood protected area for 16 sub basins. For land use/cover mapping, Landsat satellite image was firstly pre-processed, and then, hybrid classification approach was undertaken to categorize the image into different land use/cover categories. According to landscape degradation model, ecological vulnerability and the severity of activities as well as the degradation degree were calculated for the targeted landscape. The results of this research indicated that sub basin 5 with a value of 31 had the highest level of landscape degradation and sub basins 1, 13 and 15 with values 25, 25 and 22, respectively, were on the next orders in Jajrood protected area. In addition, sub basins 16, 7 and 4 with values 3.5, 3.25 and 3.25, respectively, were least degraded and these sub basins had the least level of fragmentation. The results show that 68% of the area was outlined to be potential for development or further development, only 17% of the area is suitable for protection. Approximately 13% of the area should be considered for rehabilitation that demonstrated natural land cover change and degradation in the protected area. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - سنجش ابعاد آسیبپذیری گیلان نسبت به خشکسالی با مدل GAMA و SUM Fuzzy، AHP
پژواک راستگو بهمن رمضانی پرویز رضایی -
Open Access Article
27 - Zoning the degree of vulnerability of Semnan city infrastructure with passive defense approach In Geographic Information System (GIS)
Reza Babaian Atni Majid Vali shareeat panahi Nasrallah Falah descent Zahra KhodaeeToday, infrastructure plays a crucial role in the safe process of a society, and maintaining the security of infrastructure against attacks and threats is one of the security priorities of any country. Accordingly, recognizing the current situation and the vulnerability MoreToday, infrastructure plays a crucial role in the safe process of a society, and maintaining the security of infrastructure against attacks and threats is one of the security priorities of any country. Accordingly, recognizing the current situation and the vulnerability of infrastructure on an urban scale can lead to the development of urban strategies as an effective solution. In this regard, the present article uses a descriptive-analytical method, after collecting the required data and information, to explain the vulnerability of Semnan infrastructure with a passive defense approach using GIS, in which after prioritizing the centers of gravity And the identification of critical and critical infrastructure, the zoning of the city has been done using the process of network analysis and GIS. In this regard, the present article uses descriptive-analytical method, after collecting the required data and information, analyzes the infrastructure using multi-criteria evaluation methods, and after recognizing the interactions according to the spatial location of each infrastructure, the vulnerability of Semnan Calculated. The results show that a total of 37.83% of the infrastructure of Semnan city in areas with high vulnerability, 21.34% in areas with high vulnerability, 13.58% in areas with medium vulnerability, 14.66% in areas with very low vulnerability, 6% with low vulnerability and 12% with low vulnerability. They are under-established. This is far from the principles and considerations of passive defense and exacerbates the level of vulnerability Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - Assessing the vulnerability of cities to earthquakes (Case study: Neyriz neighborhoods)
Mohammad Reza Zardosht Marziyeh Mogholi mohammad ebrahim afifiAbstractAmong natural disasters, earthquakes are one of the newest fundamental challenges of societies, which every year, despite causing great economic damage, cause many deaths and hinder the coordinated and continuous development of societies. The main purpose of thi MoreAbstractAmong natural disasters, earthquakes are one of the newest fundamental challenges of societies, which every year, despite causing great economic damage, cause many deaths and hinder the coordinated and continuous development of societies. The main purpose of this study is to assess the vulnerability of Neyriz neighborhoods to earthquakes. In terms of purpose, in the field of applied research and in terms of research method, it is descriptive-analytical. The method of data collection is documentary and survey. By distributing the questionnaire according to the experts of the research, the effective criteria for identification and their relative importance were determined using the method of hierarchical analysis. Prioritization of urban neighborhoods was done using FVikor method (FVikor), as one of the new multi-criteria decision-making methods, in Gis software environment. The results obtained from fuzzy Victor in the neighborhoods of Neyriz show that Qala-e-Beheshti neighborhood with a weight of 0.908 is in the first place and Bazaar neighborhood with a weight of 0.089 is in the last place. In terms of earthquake vulnerability of neighborhoods in terms of all criteria, Beheshti neighborhoods, health, hospitals and commanders’ low vulnerability, stadium neighborhoods, Abadzdasht Jadid and Goodajar moderate vulnerability, Abadzdasht neighborhoods Old and the neighborhood are very vulnerable and the neighborhoods of Sadat, Shadkhaneh, Qala Mahmoud Khan and Bazaar are very vulnerable. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
29 - Torbat Heydarieh city vulnerability to urban sustainability indicators with emphasis on the role of Dorehne fault
zohreh nagehani mahdi saghafiSustainable urban development is a tool for controlling and directing city development and activities and promoting the city's environmental qualities. The use of sustainable urban development approach provides opportunities for the creation of applied geographic system MoreSustainable urban development is a tool for controlling and directing city development and activities and promoting the city's environmental qualities. The use of sustainable urban development approach provides opportunities for the creation of applied geographic systems through which these systems can integrate natural processes, urban environments and human activities. Reviews of this article Develop the city of Torbat Heydarieh with The emphasis on the intrusion of the fault in relation to the extent of the vulnerability contribution of different indicators in different dimensions of development. The method of this research is descriptive-analytic based on the library collection method and analysis based on the method of weighting and selection of criteria using AHP technique. In this research, 12 criteria for selecting the sustainable urban development index of Torbat-e-Heydarieh with emphasis on the role of Duroneh fault in the dimensions of physical, geomorphologic and environmental aspects were considered. Then, these factors were weighed. The results of the research show that in total With a range of different areas, a significant percentage of the city's various districts and districts are vulnerable, with a view to reducing potential risks, appropriate planning should take place in these neighborhoods Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
30 - The role of crisis management in reducing natural disasters in the dilapidated fabric of Bandar Abbas from the perspective of urban sociology
Mohammad Reza Jaberi nasab Akbar Abdollahzadeh side Arash Saghafi Principle Hassan Sattari SarbanqoliNatural disasters are a major challenge in achieving urban resilience, sustainable development and crisis management. Crisis management is the process of preventing a crisis or minimizing its effects when it occurs. One of the cities in Iran that is involved in the prob MoreNatural disasters are a major challenge in achieving urban resilience, sustainable development and crisis management. Crisis management is the process of preventing a crisis or minimizing its effects when it occurs. One of the cities in Iran that is involved in the problem of natural disasters is Bandar Abbas. The main purpose of this study is crisis management in order to reduce accidents and natural damage in the dilapidated fabric of Bandar Abbas from the perspective of urban sociology. This research was applied based on the nature of the research. The research method was documentary-library and the analysis method was descriptive. Based on the obtained results, the suitable location of this city in relation to the coastline and the ongoing studies of reconstruction projects are among the opportunities available in the city of Bandar Abbas. In marginal and dilapidated urban contexts, lack of proper facilities, non-implementation of the administrative council at the macro level, public and non-transparent implementation of projects prepared for citizens and low level of health and lack of service facilities, important threats for accidents and the natural damages of Bandar Abbas are considered Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
31 - بررسی رابطه مؤلفههای اجتماعی- فرهنگی و آسیبپذیری اخلاقی (مطالعه موردی دانشآموزان دبیرستان ناحیه دو شهر یزد)
مهناز فرهمند حمید محمدی مهدی عالی نژادآسیبشناسی و تعیین آسیبپذیری اخلاقی دانشآموزان گام اساسی در مصونسازی آنها در برابر تغییرات ارزشی، فرهنگی، اجتماعی و اخلاقی است. تحقیق حاضر با هدف بررسی میزان آسیبپذیری اخلاقی دانش-آموزان انجام یافته است. چارچوب نظری از نظریات دورکیم، اینگلهارت و لرنر تشکیل شده است. Moreآسیبشناسی و تعیین آسیبپذیری اخلاقی دانشآموزان گام اساسی در مصونسازی آنها در برابر تغییرات ارزشی، فرهنگی، اجتماعی و اخلاقی است. تحقیق حاضر با هدف بررسی میزان آسیبپذیری اخلاقی دانش-آموزان انجام یافته است. چارچوب نظری از نظریات دورکیم، اینگلهارت و لرنر تشکیل شده است. این پژوهش، با تکنیک پیمایش رابطه بین میزان آسیبپذیری اخلاقی و عوامل اجتماعی- فرهنگی مؤثر بر آن را در بین دانشآموزان پسر شهر یزد بررسی کرده است. تعداد 386 نفر با روش نمونهگیری خوشهای چندمرحلهای برای نمونه آماری تحقیق انتخاب شدند. یافتههای پژوهش نشان میدهند که بین متغیرهای سن، نوگرایی، مصرفگرایی، مقبولیت اجتماعی، کاهش تعهدات دینی و سنتی با آسیبپذیری اخلاقی رابطه معناداری وجود دارد. بین میزان استفاده از رسانه با آسیبپذیری اخلاقی رابطه معناداری مشاهده نشد. تحلیل رگرسیون چند متغیره نشان داد که سه متغیر مقبولیت اجتماعی، کاهش تعهدات دینی - سنتی و سبک زندگی غربی 63% از واریانس تغییرات در متغیر وابسته آسیبپذیری اخلاقی را تبیین کردند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
32 - Future Research in Assessing the Vulnerability of the Road Network of Region 2 of Tehran Municipality and its Efficiency Against Earthquakes
Pouya Amiri Mohammadebrahim Afifi Marzieh MogholiThe use of futures research methods can be one of the best techniques of optimal management in the future in which a critical moment may occur. In order to reduce the damage and losses caused by earthquakes, the necessary preparation is obtained with the help of futurol MoreThe use of futures research methods can be one of the best techniques of optimal management in the future in which a critical moment may occur. In order to reduce the damage and losses caused by earthquakes, the necessary preparation is obtained with the help of futurology. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the vulnerability of the road network in District 2 of Tehran Municipality and its efficiency against earthquakes. The research method was descriptive-analytical. Criteria considered in the study were 8 land use criteria, number of floors (building height), building quality, building density, degree of enclosure, passage width, population density, distance from the fault. Information layers were prepared by documentary-field method. In the IHWP method, they were ranked, scored and processed in the GIS environment by the Delphi method. In the ANP method, it was evaluated by experts in super decision. The results show that the vulnerability class length in the IHWP model has the highest length in the very high vulnerability class with a length of 63.121 km and the very low vulnerability class with a length of 3.961 km. In the ANP method, the very low vulnerability class with a length of 135.35 km has the highest length and the medium vulnerability class with a length of 11.329 has the lowest length. In this method, the vulnerability class is very high, with a length of 40.94 km, in the second priority in terms of vulnerability length. In IHWP model, vulnerable areas in the center and a small part of the south in Azadi, North Rudaki, Niayesh streets and in ANP model, vulnerable areas in the south and a small part of the north of region 2 in Jannah highway, Habibollah street , Yadegar Imam Highway, Shadmehr, Niayesh Gharbi, Behboodi, Parcham, Nosrat Gharbi streets. The results of field visits to selected areas in both models showed higher accuracy of IHWP method than AHP. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
33 - The study and evaluation of the vulnerability rate of eroded texture of Ilam city to earthquakes
amir mahmoodzade iran ghazi Maryam AskariEarthquake is considered to be the most destructive natural disaster causing/which causes human casualties and considerable economic losses in our country,Iran.The injuries and damages are far more severe in older city tissues because of their older tissues anddistincti MoreEarthquake is considered to be the most destructive natural disaster causing/which causes human casualties and considerable economic losses in our country,Iran.The injuries and damages are far more severe in older city tissues because of their older tissues anddistinctive and unique structures. However, these tissues as a part of the city are a symbol of early human civilization.Since these tissues are vulnerable to natural incidents, especially earthquakes, their repairment and sustenance seem to be of special importance. The old texture area of Ilam is 374 hectares, 19% ofwhich covers old sectors and central tissues. Descriptive-analytic and field method was used to analyze the data. The aim of this study was to review and evaluate the vulnerability rate of the old texture of Ilam city in terms of suchindexes as types of materials, buildings age, number of floors, type of use, occupancy level, quality of buildings, buildings area, population density, and streets width. The results showed that construction materials accounted for the largest weight while other factors were just a function of the materials used for construction. As we use more durable construction materials, while observing engineering principals,for urban construction, the buildings will be less vulnerable to earthquakes. Vulnerability output map indicated that in the total area, with the exception of passages, the vulnerability levels were as follows: 8.9 percent too much vulnerability, 59% high vulnerability, 23% moderate vulnerability, 3.6% low vulnerability and 5.5% very low vulnerability. Totally, based on the above indexes, 67.9 percent of the old texture area are vulnerable Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
34 - Urban Paneling based on the Level of Vulnerability Against Natural Disasters (Crisis Management): A Case Study on Nasimshahr
Mohammad Reza Zand MoghadamHigh construction and demographic congestions, low quality of buildings in the body of communication networks and high degree of surrounding and so on lead to loss of sustainability of living environments and an increase in the number of human waste and financial damage MoreHigh construction and demographic congestions, low quality of buildings in the body of communication networks and high degree of surrounding and so on lead to loss of sustainability of living environments and an increase in the number of human waste and financial damages in cases of crisis, especially earthquakes. This thesis is basically aimed at identifying the vulnerable places toward natural disasters as well as safe places at the time of occurrence of crisis for temporary residence and analyzing the role of effective factors in vulnerability of urban zones against earthquake.In this study, 7 indices, namely access to healthcare centers, degree of surrounding, construction congestion, demographic congestion, land usage, building longevity and building quality have been adopted, and vulnerability of the zones against earthquake was examined by means of GIS. Results suggest that old textures of Nasimshahr and body of the passages with high construction and demographic congestions, building low quality, too much distance from relief centers vis-à-vis other bodies and high degree of surrounding are highly vulnerable and will therefore have worse condition in crises. Among the zones, initial core of formation of Nasimshahr is the worst in terms of vulnerability and should be prioritized for crisis management in planning.Thus, 70% of residential textures of Nasimshahr are severely vulnerable; almost 20% of them lies within vulnerable limit, and only 10% lies within the less vulnerable limit. Therefore, the research hypothesis concerning vulnerability of the residential textures and variation of the regional vulnerability due to such characteristics as passage width,congestion,material applied in the buildings,against natural disasters is verified. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
35 - Drought Evaluation and Climatic Impact Assessment in Guilan Province
Pejvak Rastgou Bahman Ramezani parviz rezayiIran is affected by subtropical high pressure in the arid belt of the world and its annual rainfall is less than one third of the world average rainfall. The aim of this study was to assess the vulnerability of Guilan province to drought with fuzzy GAMA, SUM and CVI mod MoreIran is affected by subtropical high pressure in the arid belt of the world and its annual rainfall is less than one third of the world average rainfall. The aim of this study was to assess the vulnerability of Guilan province to drought with fuzzy GAMA, SUM and CVI models and to identify appropriate measures to reduce potential damage. The research method was spatial and applied in terms of purpose. First, , the components of resources (R), meteorological (W), access (A), capacity (C), use and economic productivity (U), maintaining environmental integrity (E), Geographical features (G) were determined. The variables were matched with fuzzy membership functions. In the SUM model, the highest vulnerability was in the west, center and large areas of the east of the province, Rudsar city with an area of 78.23%. In the GAMA overlap model, large parts of the west of Talesh city and Rasht city with an area of 31.92% were observed in a very high vulnerability class. In the study of CVI components, the CVI index of the whole province was 44.5%. The CVI index had the highest rank in the resource component (R) at 56.12% and the lowest rank in the 36.94% component. In the CVI model, the highest vulnerability is in the whole city of Talesh with an area of 15.57%. High vulnerability rate of 26.84% was observed in Rasht, Soomehsara, Rudsar and Shaft counties and Astara and Rezvanshahr counties with an area of 20.88% were observed in very low vulnerability class. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
36 - Earthquake vulnerability Zonation in Ilam city
Syed Jahangir Musavi Nasab Abbas malekhoseini Majid Shamsthe current research with a descriptive-analytical approach is aimed at zoning the vulnerability of Ilam city against earthquakes.In this research, at first, the variables affecting the zoning of earthquake vulnerability were identified based on various studies, then us Morethe current research with a descriptive-analytical approach is aimed at zoning the vulnerability of Ilam city against earthquakes.In this research, at first, the variables affecting the zoning of earthquake vulnerability were identified based on various studies, then using the AHP method and the opinions of 73 experts and weight experts related to each of the variables in the Export Choice environment, and finally, using the FAHP method and in the GIS environment, a map related to the zoning of Ilam city's vulnerability to earthquake risk was drawn. Based on this, at first 10 variables: slope of land, distance from fault, number of building floors, age of building, quality of building, area of parts, durability of construction materials, distance from roads, distance from medical centers and distance from green and open space were identified as influencing variables, based on the AHP method; 3 variables, the distance from the fault, the slope of the area and the distance from the roads were identified as the most important and effective variables with weights of 0.184, 0.147 and 0.121 respectively. Also, the results related to the zoning status of the vulnerability of Ilam city against earthquakes indicate that more than 600 hectares of the area of Ilam city are in a high and very high vulnerability state in the event of an earthquake. Also, 580 hectares of Ilam city are in a low and very low vulnerability state. Finally, 299 hectares of Ilam city is in a medium vulnerability state Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
37 - Comparison of CVI and AHP methods in drought assessment and climate vulnerability assessment of Guilan province
Pejvak Rastgoo Bahman Ramezani Parviz RezaeiDrought is one of the most costly natural disasters in Iran and the need for a study to determine vulnerability and identify the factors affecting it in different parts of the country.The aim of this study was to compare CVI and AHP methods in assessing drought and meas MoreDrought is one of the most costly natural disasters in Iran and the need for a study to determine vulnerability and identify the factors affecting it in different parts of the country.The aim of this study was to compare CVI and AHP methods in assessing drought and measuring climatic vulnerability in Guilan province in order to identify its dimensions.The research method is spatial and applied in terms of purpose. In the AHP model, the importance of the resource component (R) with a weight of 0.293 is the highest and the weight of the component of geographical features (G) with a weight of 0.045 is the lowest. In the study of variables in the AHP model, the variable of total rainfall with a weight of 0.750 was the most effective variable and the variety and quality of agricultural products with a weight of 0.088 was the least effective variable according to experts. In the study of CVI components, the CVI index of the whole province was 44.5%. The CVI index had the highest rating in the resource component (R) at 56.12% and the lowest rating in the 36.94% component. The zoning of the AHP model showed that the middle part of the province, including Rasht, Saravan, Kasma, Anzali, has the highest area with an area of 42.11%. In the CVI model,the highest vulnerability is in the whole city of Talesh with an area of 15.57%.Astara and Rezvanshahr cities with an area of 20.88% were observed in a very low vulnerability class. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
38 - Mapping the Vulnerability of Crop Production to Drought in Sistan and Baluchistan Region.
gholam ali mozaffari khadije joojizade mahdi portaheri Peyman Mahmoudiclimate changes may cause severe droughts with heavy economic-social losses. Vulnerability assessment is the first step in the field of risk management and increasing the ability of farmers against drought. In this article, biophysical and socio-economic indicators (exp Moreclimate changes may cause severe droughts with heavy economic-social losses. Vulnerability assessment is the first step in the field of risk management and increasing the ability of farmers against drought. In this article, biophysical and socio-economic indicators (exposure, sensitivity and adaptive capacity) were used to measure vulnerability to drought risk. The results of the research showed that the trend of long-term changes in precipitation in all studied stations in Sistan and Baluchistan province is decreasing. The highest decrease was observed in Khash station and the lowest in Zahedan station. But among the revealed trends, only the rainfall trend of Zabul station was significant at the confidence level of 0.05. The results showed that the cities of Chabahar (2) and Khash (1.79) are more vulnerable to drought. In addition, this study showed that vulnerability to drought is related to social and economic development of the region. In general, regions with the highest level of exposure experienced the most vulnerability in the overall index. Also, regions with high adaptive capacity were not necessarily less sensitive to drought. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
39 - Vulnerability factor of Tabriz metropolitan against earthquake risk assessment and estimation of casualties
Mussa Abedini Nader SarmastiDue to population growth and increasing urbanization, the earthquake could cause heavy casualties and urban development will be interrupted. The main objective of this study is to assessment the vulnerability of Tabriz against earthquake with weighted overlap and use of MoreDue to population growth and increasing urbanization, the earthquake could cause heavy casualties and urban development will be interrupted. The main objective of this study is to assessment the vulnerability of Tabriz against earthquake with weighted overlap and use of natural and human factors. Also, casualties are modeling against earthquake the use of GIS analysis and presentation of scenario earthquake severity of the damage to buildings. The results of this study indicate that the risk of Tabriz earthquake is not a good situation and much of the densely populated northern and central parts of the city, especially in areas with high vulnerability. Assuming earthquake seismic activity fault scenario according to Tabriz, the total population of 1605884 people in Tabriz (Census 1390) to approximately 1252589 casualties were estimated at night including 658412 people dead, 594177 people injured. Based on the results, the approximate number of 626294 casualties was estimated at day including 329206 people dead and 297088 people injured. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
40 - پهنهبندی آسیبپذیری ناشی از زلزله با استفاده از منطق فازی در GIS مطالعه موردی شهر لار
افشین جعفرنیا Ahmadali Khorrambakht قنبری قنبریهدف از پژوهش حاضر بررسی میزان آسیبپذیری بخشهای مختلف شهر لار در اثر زلزله میباشد در این پژوهش ابتدا با تهیه نقشهها مختلف از عوامل مؤثر در آسیبپذیری زلزله همچون محل گسلها، فاصله از خدماتی همچون ایستگاههای آتشنشانی، بیمارستانها و مراکز درمانی، کاربریها نظامی و ا Moreهدف از پژوهش حاضر بررسی میزان آسیبپذیری بخشهای مختلف شهر لار در اثر زلزله میباشد در این پژوهش ابتدا با تهیه نقشهها مختلف از عوامل مؤثر در آسیبپذیری زلزله همچون محل گسلها، فاصله از خدماتی همچون ایستگاههای آتشنشانی، بیمارستانها و مراکز درمانی، کاربریها نظامی و انتظامی، تراکم، کیفیت ابنیه و ... نقشههای مذکور پس از رقومی سازی و زمین مرجع نمودن در نرمافزار GIS نسبت به فازی سازی آنها اقدام شده و درنهایت از روش همپوشانی لایهها توسط اپراتور گامای فازی نقشه طبقهبندیشده آسیبپذیری تهیه شد، این پژوهش شهر لار را به پنج طبقه آسیبپذیری تقسیمبندی نموده است، که در حدود 29 درصد از مساحت ساختهشده شهر لار در معرض آسیبپذیری بسیار زیاد تا زیاد قرار دارد، حدود 17 درصد در شرایط متوسط آسیبپذیری و حدود 54 درصد نیز در محدوده آسیبپذیری کم تا بسیار کم قرار میگیرند. همچنین مشخص گردید که هسته مرکزی شهر قدیم لار با توجه به قرارگیری آن در بافت فرسوده و نبود راههای شریانی همچنین دوری از ایستگاههای آتشنشانی، درمانگاه و بیمارستان همچنین تراکم بالای ساختمانها و کیفیت پایین ابنیه از آسیبپذیرترین نقاط این شهر میباشد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
41 - Evaluation of the vulnerability of Chaloos areas based on passive defense principles
mahmod hosini Leila Ebrahimi jamnaniEvaluating the vulnerability of cities to wars and crises and devising appropriate solutions to reduce losses is essential. Therefore, this study seeks to assess and map the vulnerability of Chalus from a passive defense perspective. This study was a descriptive survey MoreEvaluating the vulnerability of cities to wars and crises and devising appropriate solutions to reduce losses is essential. Therefore, this study seeks to assess and map the vulnerability of Chalus from a passive defense perspective. This study was a descriptive survey of purpose, field, field, nature, method and type of survey. It was initially collected through bibliographic and field studies and satellite imagery. After examining land uses in Chalus City, they were classified into 5 categories including critical arteries, crisis management centers, urban facilities, military facilities, and support centers. , Land uses were extracted on a case-by-case basis for the purpose of providing a spatial database. Each layer has a different effect on increasing or decreasing vulnerability due to the proximity of the adjacent spatial standard and their relative distance to critical and passive defense applications. For each layer relative to critical and sensitive applications in terms of passive defense, security is defined and so-called spatial distance maps are drawn. Finally, the vulnerability mapping of the area was prepared according to the passive defense principles.According to the obtained figure, Chalus city is divided into three zones that are similar in vulnerability to passive defense approach. The results of the study show that the central urban areas are the most vulnerable areas of the city. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
42 - The Assessment of Residential Buildings' Physical Vulnerability against Earthquake (A Case Study of Sari, Mazandaran, Iran)
ferial ahmadi Alireza EskandarinejadEarthquake damage assessment of residential buildings of Sari is the main goal of the present research. Through a descriptive-analytic method, first, building information such as structure type, year of construction, and number of stories are taken from the Urban Compre MoreEarthquake damage assessment of residential buildings of Sari is the main goal of the present research. Through a descriptive-analytic method, first, building information such as structure type, year of construction, and number of stories are taken from the Urban Comprehensive Plan of Sari. Using these data, damage degree of each building class is computed for all zones of Sari’s regions using results obtained by the seismic hazard analysis of Sari along with taking into account the proper vulnerability curves. The obtained results showed that the percentages of the adobe and cinder block types of Sari residential buildings were 63, 66, 72, and 67 percent for Sari districts 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively, which would be totally destroyed. Moreover, the least damage degrees were predicted for steel structures along with concrete ones with more than five stories. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
43 - An Assessment of Vulnerability and Resilience of Urban Land Use in Crisis and Emergency Evacuation (A Case Study of Secondary Education District of Isfahan)
Masoud Taghvaei Ali Jovzi KhamesloueiAssessment of resilience rate in urban land uses and survey of their vulnerability situation in probable disasters is very prominent and has a special necessity in urban crisis management plans. Moreover, among urban land uses, educational land use has a singular signif MoreAssessment of resilience rate in urban land uses and survey of their vulnerability situation in probable disasters is very prominent and has a special necessity in urban crisis management plans. Moreover, among urban land uses, educational land use has a singular significance because of the concentration of potential human resources in the future and the priority of rescue. The aim of this study is an assessment of the vulnerability rate in probable crises and also the availability of main management indicators in crisis planning and emergency evacuation of the population in the second education district of Isfahan. The case of this study is all schools in the secondary education district of Isfahan which is located in the third and fourth urban districts. The 142 participants of the study were selected from among the primary, secondary, high school, technical, and centers of special needs. The research method in this study is applied and descriptive. The schools in the study area have been evaluated and reviewed using two special indicator groups: basic and management indicators. The indicators are combined and new and are the latest ones in applied methods used by researchers and research institutes in the field of crisis management. The results show that schools in the secondary education district of Isfahan are weak in terms of fundamental structures and their resilience in probable crises such as earthquakes. On the other hand, the crisis management situation in these schools is undesirable based on their advantages. Therefore, these schools are extremely weak in crisis management and evacuation. In general, the situation of the schools studied in probable events is considered unsuitable, vulnerable, and critical, taking into account integrated indicators and requires strengthening of infrastructure and management approaches. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
44 - Seismic Hazard Analysis of Andimeshk Territory and Determination of its Seismic Vulnerability
Mehdi Mahdavi Adeli shahrokh tafiAs a key point in main roads and railways of country, Andimeshk city has always have strategic situation in Khuzestan province and even Iran. On the other hand, most evidences indicate that this city is located in seismic area and the incidence of a massive earthquake c MoreAs a key point in main roads and railways of country, Andimeshk city has always have strategic situation in Khuzestan province and even Iran. On the other hand, most evidences indicate that this city is located in seismic area and the incidence of a massive earthquake could impose huge losses on Iran economy. Considering this background, the aim of this study is to perform seismic hazard analysis in Andimeshk territory and precisely evaluate the vulnerability of the buildings and structures in this city. To this end, the extreme risk curve was obtained using probability analysis, then the buildings were investigated in four types in order to identify the vulnerability curves in three levels. By the combination of risk curve and vulnerability curves the rate of vulnerability of Andimeshk buildings can be evaluated quantitatively. The results of this study show that the seismic hazard level in Andimeshk city is relatively high and the base acceleration is equal to 0/325g and even more than the proposed rate in the standard 2800. Although there is no considerable concern regarding concrete buildings, the collapse of ancient and traditional buildings which are calculated 80 to 155 years is very challenging. In conclusion, the results indicate that a 20-year period might be suggested as a short chance to preserve the city. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
45 - تحلیل آسیبپذیری و پهنهبندی شهر ایلام در برابر حملات هوایی از منظر پدافند غیرعامل
علی شماعی امید لطیفی حسن حسینی امینی -
Open Access Article
46 - ارزیابی مولفههای ارتقادهنده مسکن مهر در راستای کاهش آسیبپذیری اجتماعی از دیدگاه ساکنان؛ موردپژوهی: مسکن مهر صدرا
نیلوفر لک باقر کریمی خسرو موحد -
Open Access Article
47 - بررسی الگوی فضایی آسیبپذیری شهرها از زلزله و پیشنهاد الگوی بهینه (نمونه موردی: شهر کرمانشاه)
سهراب امیریان -
Open Access Article
48 - On the Analysis of the Role of Good Urban Governance Model in Reducing Urban Housing Vulnerability against Earthquake
H. hatami nejad SH. Bazr Afkan M. ArvinIn the later development models which have been promoted by the international organizations, for improving the quality of urban life and achieving sustainable urban development, a pattern of good urban governance will be presented, on the basis of which, health, order a MoreIn the later development models which have been promoted by the international organizations, for improving the quality of urban life and achieving sustainable urban development, a pattern of good urban governance will be presented, on the basis of which, health, order and security, progress and welfare can be achieved, simultaneously. Theory of good urban governance which is accepted by elites and experts and is emphasized by international organizations, in particular Habitat, intends to make cities more efficient, equitable, safer and more sustainable. The objective of this study is an Analysis of the role of good urban governance in reducing urban housing vulnerability against earthquake. The present study is applied and also descriptive-correlation research in terms of purpose and also in terms of way of collecting data, respectively. In the data analysis, the structural equation modeling technique was used with smart pls 3 software to examine the conceptual model of the research. In this study, indexes of participation, legitimacy, transparency, collective agreement, taking responsibility, justice, accountability, and efficiency and effectiveness were used by means of 38 questions. The population of the study is urban planners who were selected as 40 numbers as a sample using purposeful sampling. The results of this study show that all good urban governance indexes are important in reducing housing vulnerability. Therefore, in creating sustainable and safe cities, participation of people, observance of laws, respect for others rights, justice and equality, taking responsibility and responsiveness, transparency of city managers and city officials' performance vis-à-vis citizens leads to increased efficiency and effectiveness; and finally, leads to a good urban governance approach that can ensure and reduce the housing vulnerability. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
49 - Analysis of Factors Affecting Resilience in Inefficient Urban Neighborhoods with Emphasis on Physical Criteria (Case Study: Farahzad Neighborhood, Tehran)
Mahmoud Rahimi amir ayazi mahdi rvanshadnyaAbstract Resiliency for earthquake event is an important key concept in disaster management. During recent decades urban arising growth especially in developing countries cause that these cities have been more vulnerable against natural and technological hazards. Theref MoreAbstract Resiliency for earthquake event is an important key concept in disaster management. During recent decades urban arising growth especially in developing countries cause that these cities have been more vulnerable against natural and technological hazards. Therefore community resiliency in metropolitans is more important. Based on, this research seeks to evaluation and assessment of physical, environmental, socioeconomic insituation management resiliency in Farahzad neighborhood. A descriptive analytical method and Delphi panel conducted. In order to vulnerability evaluation of central part pertains to physical vulnerability use fourteen expert opinions with AHP approach. Results shows Farahzad physical vulnerability is high; as about 53% of constructions are located in high vulnerability level and 10% in very high vulnerability. Questionnaire analysis shows the low level of resiliency in Farahzad neighborhood. Results of regression reveal socioeconomic, insituation management and environmental indexes affected on resiliency. The results of the research show that in order to increase the resilience in Farahzad neighborhood, priority should be given to promoting physical indices. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
50 - Investigating the damage to the economic and social development of rural areas (Case Study: Paskouh district, SIB and SOURAN Township)
Mehrbibi Paskouhi Sirous Ghanbari mehrshad toulabi nejadIntroduction: The rural community of countries in the country has different challenges that are needed to identify the damage to rural development first to identify rural development and to address these problems and issues.Research aim: The purpose of this study is to MoreIntroduction: The rural community of countries in the country has different challenges that are needed to identify the damage to rural development first to identify rural development and to address these problems and issues.Research aim: The purpose of this study is to investigate the damage to the economic and social development of border villages in Peskouh, SIB and SORAN..Methodology: The present study is one of the applied research and has been done by descriptive-analytical method. The necessary data were obtained by the researcher's questionnaire tool. The statistical community of the research was households living in the villages of Peskouh village in Apple and Soran, where 338 families were questioned using Cochran formula. The data analysis was performed using unlimited exploration (Johannon method).Studied Areas: The geographical territory of this study is the villages of the border areas in Peskouh village, SIB and SORAN.Results: Results show that income and savings indicators, employment, poverty, agricultural activities, ownership of the most important economic damage and indicators of education, welfare, health, education, health are the most important social disadvantages The economic and social development of the villages in the region is studied.Conclusion: The results of the study showed that Peskouh village in Apple and Soran city in Sistan and Baluchestan province was undergoing underdeveloped. Why the villages in this area have faced a lot of economic and social damage. These injuries have always been challenged as preventing the development of villages in the area, which are necessary to identify them, while identifying them to provide the basis for the development of villages in the region. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
51 - Zoning of the vulnerability of Ilam city against flood risk
Syed Jahangir Musavi Nasab abbas malek hoseini Majid shamsIntroduction: Floods are one of the hazards that have always had the possibility of occurring as a natural hazard for humans. Also, due to the increase in the occurrence of floods, especially in cities, and the occurrence of life, financial and environmental risks due t MoreIntroduction: Floods are one of the hazards that have always had the possibility of occurring as a natural hazard for humans. Also, due to the increase in the occurrence of floods, especially in cities, and the occurrence of life, financial and environmental risks due to its increase, the zoning of flood-prone areas is of great importance. Flood zoning is one of the best methods for planning and identifying areas affected by floods. Research aim: The main goal of the current research, while identifying effective variables in flood risk zoning; Zoning is the degree of vulnerability of Ilam city against flood risk.Methodology: The approach of the current research was descriptive-analytical. In this research, at first, the influencing variables on flood vulnerability zoning have been identified based on various studies, then by using the AHP method and the opinions of 73 experts and weight experts related to each of the variables in the Export Choice software and finally, using the FAHP method and in the GIS software, maps related to the zoning of Ilam city's vulnerability to flood risk has been drawn.Studied Areas: The geographical territory of this research is Ilam city, the capital of Ilam province; which is located in the west and southwest of the country in terms of geographical location.Results: In the zoning of Ilam city's vulnerability to floods, out of 11 variables examined, 3 variables are distance from waterways with a weight of 0/244; The distance from the river with a weight of 0/126 and the slope direction with a weight of 1/102 are the most important variables and play a key role in zoning the vulnerability of Ilam city against floods. Also, a large area of Ilam city (1687 hectares) has a high potential of being vulnerable to flood risk, which is caused by the special topographical and geological conditions of this area.Conclusion: Examining the zoning status of flood risk vulnerability in Ilam city shows that the northwest, west, southwest and south parts of Ilam city are in a less vulnerable state than other areas of Ilam city. Also, most of the central, eastern, and northeastern parts of Ilam are in a state of high vulnerability. In the following, suggestions have been made to reduce the vulnerability of Ilam city against floods Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
52 - راهکارهای کاهش آسیبپذیری کشاورزان و بهرهبرداران بخش کشاورزی در برابر تغییرات اقلیم
عبدالواحد کعبی کوروش روستا سعید محمدزاده رضا برادرانتغییرات اقلیمی در خاورمیانه و ایران همچنین کاهش محصولات کشاورزی و زمینهای زراعی در ایران طی 10 سال اخیر نیز توجه بسیاری از محققان را به خود جلب کرده است. تحقیقات متعددی آسیبهای اقتصادی، زیستمحیطی، روانشناسی- اجتماعی و فنی- زراعی را حاصل تأثیر تغییرات اقلیمی در بخش کش Moreتغییرات اقلیمی در خاورمیانه و ایران همچنین کاهش محصولات کشاورزی و زمینهای زراعی در ایران طی 10 سال اخیر نیز توجه بسیاری از محققان را به خود جلب کرده است. تحقیقات متعددی آسیبهای اقتصادی، زیستمحیطی، روانشناسی- اجتماعی و فنی- زراعی را حاصل تأثیر تغییرات اقلیمی در بخش کشاورزی میدانند. هدف مطالعه بررسی راهکارهای کاهش آسیبپذیری کشاورزان و بهرهبرداران بخش کشاورزی در مواجه با تغییرات اقلیم در استان خوزستان است. پژوهش حاضر طی سه مرحله مطالعه کیفی و یک مرحله مطالعه کمی انجام گردید. جامعه آماری بخش کیفی شامل83 نفر کشاورزان باتجربه و کسانی که بخاطر تغییرات اقلیمی دچار آسیب شده‎اند، 18 نفر کشاورز نمونه معرفیشده توسط سازمان جهاد کشاورزی استان خوزستان همچنین 33 نفر دانشجوی دکتری و 237 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد رشته کشاورزی از دانشگاههای مختلف استان خوزستان و 100 نفر کارشناسان کشاورزی سازمان جهاد کشاورزی بودند. متغیرهای تحقیق نیز در مرحله سوم بررسی کیفی در شش راهکار و سه مانع(چالش) دستهبندی و جهت مرحله کمی معرفی شدند. مرحله چهارم مطالعه مرحله کمی بوده که در آن جامعه آماری پژوهش 384 نفر از کشاورزان و بهره‎برداران بخش کشاورزی استان خوزستان بودند. ابزار گردآوری اطلاعت در مرحله کمی پرسشنامه براساس طیف لیکرت بوده همچنین شیوه انتخاب نمونه در بخش کمی و کیفی از نمونه در دسترس استفادهشده است. یافتههای تحقیق نشان میدهد که آسیبهای اقتصادی تحت تأثیر راهکارهای مختلف ازجمله اقتصادی-مالی-حمایتی دولت، آموزشی-ترویجی، فنی-زراعی و اجتماعی قرارگرفته است. همچنین آسیبهای زیستمحیطی تحت تأثیر راهکارهای اقتصادی-مالی-حمایتی دولت، آموزشی-ترویجی و نهادی زیرساختی بوده و در آخر آسیبهای روانشناسی- اجتماعی و آسیبهای فنی- زراعی به ترتیب تحت تأثیر راهکارهای مدیریتی و فنی-زراعی قرارگرفته است. راهکارهای بیانشده در بعد کاربردی دارای موانع و چالشهایی هستند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
53 - Identifying the common threats and vulnerabilities in the Internet of Things (IoT) and offering security policies for confronting them
safiyeh tahmasebi limooni Shahrzad Ghasemi Roghayeh GhorbanlooObjective: the objective of this research is to identify the common threats and vulnerabilities in IoT and offering security policies to cope with them. Methods: the methodology of this research is applied based on its objective, and descriptive-surveying based on data MoreObjective: the objective of this research is to identify the common threats and vulnerabilities in IoT and offering security policies to cope with them. Methods: the methodology of this research is applied based on its objective, and descriptive-surveying based on data collection. The statistical population includes all exerts and professors of IoT in universities of Tehran with 50 members. The sampling method was convenience non-random. The sample volume detected was similar to the statistical population. The research tool was the researcher-made questionnaire from the systematic study of thematic literature. The validity of the questionnaires was obtained by referring to the experts of the IoT field. The reliability of the tool was 0.88 using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient for the questionnaire. Data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics by SPSS software. Results: Although various standards have been developed in the field of security and confidentiality in IoT, the security needs of IoT and even its risks have not been still identified and analyzed. In addition, it needs confidentiality mechanisms, accuracy, authentication, and access control precisely. According to the findings of the tests of this research, vulnerabilities can be classified and cited in 21 groups. Conclusion: the results of tests show that various experts based on their landscapes and activity fields determined a varied set of security policies to cope with Internet threats in the IoT field. However, the most important security policies against the security threats in IoT include mutual and efficient authentication, access control, secure architecture configuration, encryption of communications and data, chronology, and monitoring by concluding the provided ideas. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
54 - خطر زلزله در تهران و بررسی مدهای خرابی تجهیزات توزیع نیروی برق بههنگام زلزله
یعقوب مطاعی بهرام عکاشه -
Open Access Article
55 - Alexithymia and psychological and physical vulnerability
Mohamad Ali Besharat Marziyeh Masoodi Masood Gholamali LavasaniOne of the research goals in psychology approaches, is to understand the factors that contribute to vulnerability of people. Investigation and identification of psychological and physical vulnerability factors has created a new orientation in prevention, diagnosis and a MoreOne of the research goals in psychology approaches, is to understand the factors that contribute to vulnerability of people. Investigation and identification of psychological and physical vulnerability factors has created a new orientation in prevention, diagnosis and adoption of the treatment method. People might have special physical and psychological vulnerabilities that predispose them to mental and physical disorders. Alexithymia is one of the traumatic variables. This study aims to predict psychological and physical vulnerabilities based on alexithymia. In this study, the moderator role of gender and marriage is studied in the relationship between psychological and physical vulnerability with alexithymia. 206 men and 193 women from the general population of Tehran participated in this study. The participants completed the symptoms Check list and the 20-itemToronto alexithymia scale. The results indicated that alexithymia has significant difference with psychological vulnerability and physical vulnerability at p<0.01 level. Marriage, also has the role of moderator in the relationship between alexithymia and physical vulnerability. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that early detection of alexithymia, can help prevent physical and psychological damage. We can also manage and treat alexithymia in the context of intervention models. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
56 - Risk Analysis, Risk Assessment and Creation of Damage Probability Model for Yasouj City in OpenQuake Software
Ali Sadeghi عبدالرضا سروقدمقدم فرشید فتحیThe populous country of Iran is geographically located in a region with very high seismicity, and there is a need for detailed analyzes of seismic risk and risk in it, especially for strategic demographic and industrial points in order to provide vital information for d MoreThe populous country of Iran is geographically located in a region with very high seismicity, and there is a need for detailed analyzes of seismic risk and risk in it, especially for strategic demographic and industrial points in order to provide vital information for decision making. It is inevitable for recipients to develop effective risk reduction measures. This article, by using accurate and up-to-date methods, recent information of the population and housing census, socio-economic data, for the first time, analyzes the seismic risk by considering various uncertainties for buildings with was done various structural systems in the city of Yasouj. Descriptive and quantitative information of buildings and active faults in the field of this city is implemented in GIS software and using the capabilities of OpenQuake software, risk probabilistic analysis and risk curves and design spectrum for the building of the field are performed. Research has been produced. Based on this, probabilistic risk analysis has been done by considering various uncertainties in OpenQuake software and seismic risk curves have been produced for four different levels of vulnerability. The quantitative analysis of building vulnerability in Yasouj City reveals that unreinforced masonry buildings exhibit the highest damage percentages across all severity levels, with 48.4%, 43.1%, 39.4%, and 33.5% for slight, moderate, extensive, and collapse damage, respectively. Low-quality steel buildings suffer the most damage after unreinforced masonry structures, emphasizing the urgent need for retrofitting. In contrast, moderate-quality steel and reinforced concrete buildings demonstrate favorable seismic damage assessments. The qualitative findings stress the importance of implementing a robust monitoring/control system for construction quality, anticipating a significant improvement in structural reliability during the exploitation period with average to high execution quality. The results show that in order to prevent high economic, social and human damages, it is very important to review the design of new resistant structures and retrofit existing buildings in the research area. Manuscript profile
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