Shiraz

Open Access Article

1 - The Role of Psychological Environment of Educational Spaces in the Self-esteem of Adolescents (Case Study: Shiraz Secondary School for Girls)
Kimia Sadat Tabibzadeh هادی کشمیری Hamid saghapour

Paying attention to environmental psychology in the design of educational spaces, in addition to improving the quality of the space, can cause positive mental effects of the user of the environment. Since girls have different growth and maturity characteristics than boy More

Paying attention to environmental psychology in the design of educational spaces, in addition to improving the quality of the space, can cause positive mental effects of the user of the environment. Since girls have different growth and maturity characteristics than boys and in the future they will also play the role of mothers in the family, it is very important to pay attention to their mental and psychological characteristics. The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the role of environmental psychology of educational spaces in the self-esteem of adolescent girls and also to determine the more effective features of environmental psychology in the self-esteem of this group of society. The independent variables of the research were the psychology of the school environment and its components, and the dependent variable of the research was the students' self-esteem. The research method used is relational correlation which was done with library studies and survey method. Available books, articles and documents, personal observation, interviews, Rosenberg's self-esteem questionnaire, and the researcher's questionnaire of environmental psychology have been research tools. After the studies, the environmental psychology questionnaire was created by the researcher, adjusted and according to Cochran's formula, it was randomly completed by 382 students from second secondary girls' schools in Shiraz city, who were selected by targeted non-probability sampling method. The information obtained from the questionnaires was analyzed with SPSS software to achieve the objectives of the research. The findings have shown that school architecture can influence the self-esteem of female adolescent students through the science of environmental psychology, and the correlation coefficient between the physical and spatial component of environmental psychology with adolescent self-esteem is higher than the correlation coefficient between the functional component of environmental psychology. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - A Comparative Study of Determining the Rate of Receiving Solar Radiation on the Northern Facade of Qajar Period Schools in Shiraz (By the Law of Cosines and Solar Diagram Methods)
Hamed Ayali

This research explores the principles of Iranian architecture, specifically how it adapts to climatic conditions and maximizes solar energy intake beyond traditional sustainability principles. The focus is on studying the central courtyard of Qajar period schools in Shi More

This research explores the principles of Iranian architecture, specifically how it adapts to climatic conditions and maximizes solar energy intake beyond traditional sustainability principles. The focus is on studying the central courtyard of Qajar period schools in Shiraz and its relationship to solar radiation and shadow effects. The research aims to answer how solar radiation intake has influenced the orientation of these schools. The methodology involves evaluating case studies, conducting library research, and making field observations. Registered Qajar period schools are studied, critiqued, and analyzed using analytical, deductive, and classification approaches. The findings indicate that the most suitable orientation for Qajar period schools in Shiraz, in terms of solar radiation intake, is a 25-degree rotation relative to the north, specifically in the northern facade of the central courtyard. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - Investigating the Effectiveness of the Combined Method of Hierarchical Analysis and SWAT in the Assessment of Firefighting Management in the Fields of Natural Resources of Fars Province (Case Study: Shiraz City)
Hosein Gharedaghi Zahra Makoolati

Introduction: Identifying the most important factors of fire crisis in the fields of natural resources is of great importance. The purpose of this research is to identify and evaluate the most important influencing factors in dealing with fire in the fields of national More

Introduction: Identifying the most important factors of fire crisis in the fields of natural resources is of great importance. The purpose of this research is to identify and evaluate the most important influencing factors in dealing with fire in the fields of national resources (forests and rangeland) of Shiraz city by using the combined method of multi-criteria decision making and SWOT. Materials and Methods: The studied area is pastures and forests of Shiraz city. The research sample in this study consists of 20 officials and experts of the General Directorate of Natural Resources and Watershed Management of Fars Province, 4 members of the academic staff of the University and Natural Resources Research Center of Fars Province, 5 members of the Board of Directors of Fars Natural Resources Users Cooperatives and there are a total of 29 people who were randomly selected from the target population of the research. The research questionnaire was prepared using experts' opinions. Results and Discussion: The results showed that the number of 8 points of internal strength was compared to 9 points of internal weakness. The sum of the internal factors is equal to 2.42, which indicates that the upcoming weaknesses will prevail over its strengths. The number of 9 external opportunities against 9 external threats was identified and examined. Given that the sum of external factors in this research is equal to 2.7, which indicates that the upcoming opportunities will overcome its threats. Conclusion: According to the obtained score, a conservative strategy(so) should be implemented, which aims to preserve and maintain the existing situation and use the strengths and overcome the weaknesses. The results of the hierarchical analysis showed that among the strengths, the coordination between the responsible bodies in firefighting, among the weaknesses is the criterion of lack of credit, among the opportunities is also the criterion of the development of facilities and equipment for firefighting, among the threats. The criterion of reducing the belonging of forest dwellers to nearby areas was proposed as a priority in the management of fire fighting. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - Evaluating the impact of social capital on place belonging in neighborhood environments (Case study: Shiraz city)
Mahshid mohammadebrahimi

Objective: To evaluate the impact of social capital on place belonging in the neighborhoods of Shiraz. The research method is descriptive-analytical and its type is practical. The required information has been collected by two documentary and field methods (questionnair More

Objective: To evaluate the impact of social capital on place belonging in the neighborhoods of Shiraz. The research method is descriptive-analytical and its type is practical. The required information has been collected by two documentary and field methods (questionnaire). The statistical population of the research includes the citizens of Shiraz in 2015 (1,569,534 people) and among them, using Cochran's formula, 322 people were selected as the sample size and distributed by simple random sampling method. Research indicators include dimensions of social capital and dimensions of place belonging . For statistical operations and data processing, SPSS software and analysis of the results of the questionnaire from t-test, Pearson's correlation coefficient and regression analysis were used. The results show that the status of the social capital indicators and the components of the sense of place belonging is lower than the normal or average level. The results of Pearson's correlation analysis indicated that the highest correlation and relationship between the social cohesion index and the physical component was obtained from the dimension of spatial belonging at the rate of 0.731 with a confidence value of p=0.001. Also, the correlation coefficient for the indicators of participation, trust, sense of security and social cohesion with the spatial belonging dimension was 0.486, 0.685, 0.657 and 0.717, respectively. Also, it was found that from the point of view of social capital, the variables of social cohesion, sense of security and trust have a significant role and effect on the increase of place belonging in the residential environments of Shiraz city, and the variable of social cohesion has the most influence with a standard coefficient of 0.384. Is. After that, the priority of the beta coefficient or the standardized regression weight of the trust index was 0.232 and the sense of security index was 0.213. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - Evaluation of the effects of the components of the behavior settings in increasing the creativity of the students of architecture schools in Shiraz, case study :(Shiraz Azad University, Shiraz Non-profit Institute of Art, Shiraz Eram Non-profit Institute)
sara jowkar Masoume Sazandeh

In the spaces of architecture schools as an educational space, architecture students and professors come together to carry out activities, education and design. Different spaces, including studios, are suitable places for interaction, communication and design training. More

In the spaces of architecture schools as an educational space, architecture students and professors come together to carry out activities, education and design. Different spaces, including studios, are suitable places for interaction, communication and design training. On the other hand, creativity is vital and necessary for architecture students. According to the components of behavioral training, it can increase or decrease creativity in architecture students. In this research, which was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of behavioral camps in increasing the creativity of architecture students, three schools of architecture in Shiraz were selected as a case study. Among the case examples are Azad University, Shiraz Branch, Eram Shiraz Non-profit Institute and Shiraz Art Non-profit Institute. In the current research, information has been collected by relying on documentary and library studies. Then the components extracted from these studies have been examined. The statistical population of this research is architecture students of these faculties and the sample size is 120 students using Cochran's formula. The results of the questionnaire have been analyzed using SPSS software. The results of the research show that the component of holding classes in the open space has the greatest effect on increasing creativity in the eyes of students. After that, the dimension, size, and height component is the second most effective component, and at the end, the component of direct and indirect connection with open space has the least impact on increasing the creativity of architecture students. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - A comparative study of the effects of environmental crime components on the behavior patterns of citizens in Shiraz city (case study of regions 2 & 6)
Maryam Haghpanah

The occurrence of anomalies, particularly crime, poses a significant challenge impacting both the appeal of urban public spaces and their environmental characteristics. Therefore, obtaining accurate knowledge about environmental features and devising appropriate plannin More

The occurrence of anomalies, particularly crime, poses a significant challenge impacting both the appeal of urban public spaces and their environmental characteristics. Therefore, obtaining accurate knowledge about environmental features and devising appropriate planning measures is crucial. This falls within the purview of planners, who are tasked with spatial and behavioral planning, followed by effective management.In this context, the current study aims to comparatively examine the factors influencing criminal behavior in areas with varying levels of safety within Shiraz city. To achieve this objective, the research employs descriptive-analytical and survey methods to collect necessary data, which is subsequently analyzed using T-test and regression analysis. The results reveal that, considering economic, social-cultural, and policing-management indicators, Regions 2 and 6 in Shiraz city exhibit no significant differences. However, when examining physical indicators, a notable distinction between the two regions becomes apparent. Analyzing citizens' opinions underscores the effectiveness and superiority of police-based approaches in addressing crime.Furthermore, a comparison of the physical components of the two regions demonstrates a significant disparity, emphasizing the importance of environmental design approaches alongside legal and policing strategies in areas prone to criminal activities in Shiraz. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

7 - Large-Scale Park Site Selection for Urban Centers Using Three-Stage Analytic Hierarchy/Network Process (case study: region 8 of Shiraz city)
Alireza Pakfetrat Masoud Taghvaei Asghar Zarrabi

The central area of any cities is of critical importance in the process of urban sustainable development. Diversity of land uses is an inevitable characteristic of a lively and dynamic urban center. These various land uses should support each other and need to be locate More

The central area of any cities is of critical importance in the process of urban sustainable development. Diversity of land uses is an inevitable characteristic of a lively and dynamic urban center. These various land uses should support each other and need to be located in appropriate locations. In urban centers with different activities, public green spaces underpin urban sustainability and increase quality of life. In fact, nowadays there is an increased need for qualified and well-located public green spaces, in particular parks, in these areas. Therefore, green space site planning is amongst the most important of all management decisions for environmental and urban planners in a city. Reliable site planning is indispensable to the decision-making processes involved in developing urban green spaces supporting sustainable development. If making the decision reflects on a rationale based on proper information and research, then a higher level of community satisfaction is expected. In fact, if an appropriate site is selected based on a comprehensive integrated approach which considers all feasible effects, most of citizens' aspirations will be fulfilled. However, the multi-criteria nature of site selection for such spaces makes this issue so much complicated that it cannot be resolved using conventional managerial methods and tools. Considering the multidimensional structure (like social, economic, environmental, ecological or planning dimensions) and multi-functionality (such as utilization, employment, preservation, etc.) of green spaces, green space site planning is a decision under a variety of factors and can be viewed as a multiple criteria decision-making (MCDM) problem. Therefore, with reference to the use of multi-criteria decision-making process for urban green space optimum site planning along with a more sustainable development path, a very important role is played by the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and by its generalization to feedback networks, the Analytic Network Process (ANP). In addition to AHP and ANP approaches, which are both comprehensive to harmonize and deal with different aspects of sustainable urban green space site planning, GIS is also best suited for handling a wide range of criteria data at multi-spatial, multi-temporal and multi-scale from different sources for a multi-criteria analysis. Finally, from the viewpoint of all the above approaches and their benefits, this article studies the development of urban green spaces in the central area of Shiraz metropolitan area, Iran based on a comparison of different sites by developing a decision support system using a three-stage procedure based on integrated GIS Analytic/Hierarchy Process. Moreover, in order to select the alternatives, the methods of analytical hierarchy process and analytic network process have been comparatively studied. The results indicate that the models would yield the same output; however, the analytic network process works more on efficiently for this purpose. Overall, empirical findings indicate that the research approach can be used for future sustainable development in establishing standard decision-making procedures in urban green planning and management. Therefore, urban planners and managers can use this research result for choosing a more comprehensive mathematical tool for complex decision and rational judgment around the selection of land use location choices. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

8 - The Significance of “Landmarks” in Analysis of the Components of “Identity” and “Culture” in the Image of Iranian City (Case Study: Image of Shiraz City)
Tahereh Nasr

City with culture-oriented pattern can’t be implemented anywhere in the field. Identity is an important factor that shapes the townscape. A townscape is a collection of natural and man-made factors that have been formed under the influence of special natural, cultural, More

City with culture-oriented pattern can’t be implemented anywhere in the field. Identity is an important factor that shapes the townscape. A townscape is a collection of natural and man-made factors that have been formed under the influence of special natural, cultural, social and economic characteristics of that given town and it's the place of materialization of the special characteristics of that town. On the other hand, urban spaces can be reminded people the symbolic aspects of culture and history. In facing with the appearance of modern towns, one sees a crisis caused by the disproportion of spaces to their current functions, composition of inconsistent uses, uniformity and lack of dynamism in urban spaces. This paper describes the concept of identity and culture. In terms of cultural identity can affect the townscape and the face of the city. Research Objectives: 1- What factors play a role in physical identity of Iranian historical cities? 2- How can the component “culture” influence on the physical identity of Iranian cities? 3- Can the cultural identity components of cities be proposed as the landmarks and signs in the historical cities? Research Hypothesis: 1- Cities’ cultural identity components can be presented as symbols in historical cities. 2- Attention to the culture concept in the form and sense of today Iranian cities can be controlled cities’ image identity crisis effectively. Research Methodology: The method explored in components of the physical identity of Shiraz city is a descriptive – analytical and field method to gather information and documents are available. Results: The results of this study show that the towns have an appearance in which uniformity of the urban fabrics, inconsistency between the apparent form of the space and its meaning, inattention to the notion of form and meaning in our culture is observable and consequently, there are forms that have no meaning. In addition, research suggests that the consequences of belonging to a place in the Iranian city of proving spatial identity. So, the components of cultural identity of the city can be considered as signs or landmarks of the historical cities. Urban semiotics are considered as a valuable tool for the representation of the cultural identity components in urban areas. According to the results, the following suggestions can be considered in the cultural sphere of urban design: 1- Recreating and revival Iranian historical cities with respect to the cities’ natural, synthetic and human identity components. 2- Strengthening of historical cities’ textures interoperability with the approach of regeneration of cultural identity components of cities. 3- Locating of urban landmarks and elements of town squares as a contiguous cognitive and perceptual map for strengthening the cities’ cultural components. 4- Taking advantage of peoples’ memories and appropriate concepts to design of signs, landmarks and elements. 5- Creating the cultural spaces with the appropriate functioning of the cultural dynamics of neighborhoods and cities. 6- Highlight the urban elements and landmarks form with the proper use of materials and colors appropriate to the climate and the cultural identity of each city. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

9 - Cohering central part of Shiraz Urban design guidelines toward a more coherent urban form based on complexity theory
Hossein Bahrainy Mehran Foroughifar

Old cities of Iran have different qualities that some of them cannot be seen in contemporary cities. Experiencing the invasion of cars and people’s new life style during the last century, old cities lost their forms and functions, gradually. Such changes caused new chal More

Old cities of Iran have different qualities that some of them cannot be seen in contemporary cities. Experiencing the invasion of cars and people’s new life style during the last century, old cities lost their forms and functions, gradually. Such changes caused new challenges and demands by which various qualities of old cities has been altered or vanished forever, as urban cohesion and wholeness. Cohesion and wholeness are two related concepts where the former one is a fundamental condition to reach the later one. In this paper, wholeness is defined as an integrated system, consisted of different elements and their relations which can tolerate no changes, since a trivial one may change it into another system. Moreover, cohesion is considered as an important quality of relations between different elements of the whole. Although cohesion can be seen with various scales in different layers of cities, the layer we emphasize on in this paper is the built environment. For theoretical frame work of this paper we used complexity theory with emphasis on Christopher Alexander and Nikos Salingaros theories about wholeness and coherent urban form. We extracted principals of urban coherence to evaluate the cohesion of central part of Shiraz and to make design guidelines to achieve cohesion. These principle are: coupling, diversity, boundary, forces, organization, hierarchy, interdependence, and decomposition. And also a wide range of valid records, documents, and maps are used which enabled us to illustrate the main structure of this old city, before its destruction in Pahlavi era. Taking into account all of these principles, we focused on these questions: does cohesion exist in the ancient area of this city? Can we find some application of these principals in old city that could be as a foundation for design guidelines? As our first contribution, we used the principles and evaluated their existence by applying them to an old area of Shiraz city which dates back to the Zand era. Due to our promising results, mentioned principles can be seen in old city. On one hand, the existence of these principles in the old city means that the old area follows the rules of complex system theory so it emphasizes that the old area is a coherent area. On the other hand, it suggests some design principals and patterns that can be considered as a foundation for design guidelines towards cohering and coupling contemporary city. Our second contribution is a design guideline for cohering contemporary cities by connecting two adjacent areas. These guidelines are: complementarity of adjacent areas, increasing the permeability of area in its edges, reducing unlimited views, reducing parcel size of edges, reducing the distance between adjacent areas, increasing the permeability of edge parcels, priority of pedestrian movements, increasing the diversity of functions, increasing the diversity of forms, and increase the homogeneity of parcels in a street. By using these guidelines we can increase the connectivity of two adjacent areas in the first step and increase the cohesion of the whole city in the last step. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

10 - an Integrated Method for Detailed Plans' Assessment : Case study, Region 6 of the Detailed Plan of Shiraz
Behnaz Aminzadeh سمیه رودکی

An Integrated Method for Detailed Plans’ assessments by using Plan process Result (PPR) and process Policy-plan/Program Implementation) PPIP) Case study: Region 6 of Shiraz Detailed Plan Detailed plan is the most guiding and systematic tool for implementation of a More

An Integrated Method for Detailed Plans’ assessments by using Plan process Result (PPR) and process Policy-plan/Program Implementation) PPIP) Case study: Region 6 of Shiraz Detailed Plan Detailed plan is the most guiding and systematic tool for implementation of a city master plan. Despite of its importance certain evaluation of its efficiency has rarely been done. In order to fulfill the objectives of a detailed plan, its success, strengths and weaknesses should be scientifically assessed. There is a gap between planning of a detailed plan and its execution, resulting from the missing link in the process of urban planning and the implementation of urban plans. Therefore, to achieve a dynamic continuous and flexible planning and minimize the gap, the evaluation of detailed plans before and during the process of its implementation is a necessary task for urban managers. This paper aims to assess the detailed plan of region 6 of shiraz by using an integrated method. By studying comprehensive methods for evaluating urban plans and reviewing the literature related to the different methods and techniques, a combination of the two methods of "Plan Process Result" and "Plan/Policy Implementation Program" are selected for assessment the efficiency of the mentioned case study. The next step was to introduce and select the suitable evaluation criteria according to the situation and the conditions of the detailed plan of Shiraz (region 6). The detailed plan of Shiraz was first prepared by one of the consulting urban planning firm in 1372 and revised in 1383. The main aim of this new plan in regard to region 6 was to reinforce and enhance the importance of the this region in the West of Shiraz. To do this , the objectives of improvements of physical, environmental and social and urban management based on public participation was considered To gather and analysis the data needed for the study, different techniques had been used such as content analysis of master and detailed plans related to the selected criteria, interview techniques and some field studies. Factor analysis and analyzing strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (S.W.O.T) and AHP method are used for examination of the procedures. The results of the study shows that the conformity, internal and external consistency have gained high score in relation to other criteria such as connectivity, urban development direction, human and financial resources and user participation which the two latter have got the lowest scores. AHP method was selected for determining the weight of the criteria the scores are as below: conformity (./26), internal consistency ( ./38), connectivity (./.96), external consistency (./145), Urban development direction )./.43), human and financial resources and commitments ( ./.27) and public participation (./.41) . To reduce the deficiency of detailed plans, it is recommended to use social plans for a better public participation in urban planning. Also an systematic approach and providing strategic plans instead of physical plan are useful. Increasing financial resources and paying attention to local organization are the most important tools for managing the implementation of detailed plans. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

11 - The Impact of Speed on Transformations of Urban Structures in Global and Iranian Scale (Case Study: Shiraz City)
Azadeh Pourtazak seyed hossein bahreiny mohammad naghizade

Speed as a matter of mobility lies at the core of the modernity. It overcomes the physical distances by various modes of transportation, and is able to distribute data and information through telecommunication tools. Generally, the challenge created by speed is its sudd More

Speed as a matter of mobility lies at the core of the modernity. It overcomes the physical distances by various modes of transportation, and is able to distribute data and information through telecommunication tools. Generally, the challenge created by speed is its sudden and hasty effect in a physical or even virtual environment which can lead to non conformities and a kind of disruption in present function of the system and would be harmful to the new agent, the environment itself or other users of it. So the pervasive impact of speed in changing communities and the human settlements is revealed. In detailed point of view, the study of variety of technological tools and the plurality of physical infrastructures in Shiraz urban structure shows the emergence of multiple speeds that led to the complexity, extension and dispersion of the city. Therefore, this amount of change in a short period of time caused a serious problem especially in measurement and evaluation of the city's structure. On this basis, the goal of this article is to gain a comprehensive view of speed, furthermore achieving an interrelationship between speed and urban structure is considered. This is investigated and analyzed through four speed ages extracted in both global and national scale. The objectives would be obtaining the urban corridors in the structure of Shiraz city in four speed ages which has the highest potential of mobility and this is coinciding with the definition of speed extracted in the epochs mentioned before. The proof of this claim is performed through space syntax analysis and its most practical criterion which is called the integration value. Moreover, in order to carry out a comprehensive and detailed investigation of speed in the present age, the study of different modes of transportation comprised of bus corridors, special taxi corridors and metro stations is done. Also the network analysis in physical context which has been done through space syntax, is applied. Besides, the virtual infrastructure of two main telephone portables in Iranian networks including Irancell and MCI coverage is studied. The overlapping of the above maps results the multi mobility-multi speed corridors in the structure of Shiraz which is comprised of a wide range of speed between minimum and maximum rate in the categories of natural speed, mechanical speed and virtual speed. These corridors achieve their multi functional characteristics through a historical and evolutionary process. The aforementioned corridors are the main streets ending to the five entrances of Shiraz city, number of corridors agglomerated in central part of city, and many east-west corridors versus few north-south corridors scattered in different city directions. As a result, in order to make a coherent and integrated structure, it is important to consider proper distribution of corridors in the north-south direction along with east-west direction also making an appropriate connection between these directions is suggested. The augmentation and reinforcement of south and east corridors together with north and west, also strengthening and emphasizing on the corridors connected to the peripheral settlements is recommended. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

12 - The Significance of “Landmarks” in Analysis of the Components of “Identity” and “Culture” in the Image of Iranian City (Case Study: Image of Shiraz City)
Tahereh Nasr

A City with culture-oriented pattern can’t be implemented anywhere in the field. Identity is an important factor that shapes the townscape. A townscape is a collection of natural and man-made factors that have been formed under the influence of special natural, cu More

A City with culture-oriented pattern can’t be implemented anywhere in the field. Identity is an important factor that shapes the townscape. A townscape is a collection of natural and man-made factors that have been formed under the influence of special natural, cultural, social and economic characteristics of that given town and it's the place of materialization of the special characteristics of that town. On the other hand, urban spaces can reminde people of the symbolic aspects of culture and history. In facing with the appearance of modern towns, one sees a crisis caused by the disproportion of spaces to their current functions, composition of inconsistent uses, uniformity and lack of dynamism in urban spaces. This paper describes the concept of identity and culture. In terms of that cultural identity can affect the townscape and the face of the city. Objective of reasearch is to know these following questions, What factors play a role in physical identity of Iranian historical cities? How can the component culture influence on the physical identity of Iranian cities? And Can the cultural identity components of cities be proposed as the landmarks and signs in the historical cities? This research has two hypothesis, firstly Cities’ cultural identity components can be presented as symbols in historical cities. And secondly Attention to the culture concept in the form and sense of today Iranian cities can be controlled cities’ image identity crisis effectively. The method explored in components of the physical identity of Shiraz city is a descriptive – analytical and field method to gather information and documents are available. Results of this study shows that the towns have an appearance in which uniformity of the urban fabrics, inconsistency between the apparent form of the space and its meaning, inattention to the notion of form and meaning in our culture is observable and consequently, there are forms that have no meaning. In addition, research suggests that the consequences of belonging to a place in the Iranian city of proving spatial identity. So, the components of cultural identity of the city can be considered as signs or landmarks of the historical cities. Urban semiotics are considered as a valuable tool for the representation of the cultural identity components in urban areas. According to the results, the following suggestions can be considered in the cultural sphere of urban design. Recreating and revival Iranian historical cities with respect to the cities’ natural, synthetic and human identity components; Strengthening of historical cities’ textures interoperability with the approach of regeneration of cultural identity components of cities; Locating of urban landmarks and elements of town squares as a contiguous cognitive and perceptual map for strengthening the cities’ cultural components; Taking advantage of peoples’ memories and appropriate concepts to design of signs, landmarks and elements; Creating the cultural spaces with the appropriate functioning of the cultural dynamics of neighborhoods and cities and Highlight the urban elements and landmarks form with the proper use of materials and colors appropriate to the climate and the cultural identity of each city. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

13 - An Integrated Method for Assessments of Detailed Plans by Using Plan Process Result (PPR) and Process Policy-Plan/Program Implementation (PPIP) (Case Study: Region 6 of Shiraz Detailed Plan)
Behnaz Aminzade Somayeh Roodaki

Detailed plan is the most guiding and systematic tool for implementation of a city master plan. Despite of its importance certain evaluation of its efficiency has rarely been done. In order to fulfill the objectives of a detailed plan, its success, strengths and weaknes More

Detailed plan is the most guiding and systematic tool for implementation of a city master plan. Despite of its importance certain evaluation of its efficiency has rarely been done. In order to fulfill the objectives of a detailed plan, its success, strengths and weaknesses should be scientifically assessed. There is a gap between planning of a detailed plan and its execution, resulting from the missing link in the process of urban planning and the implementation of urban plans. Therefore, to achieve a dynamic continuous and flexible planning and minimize the gap, the evaluation of detailed plans before and during the process of its implementation is a necessary task for urban managers. This paper aims to assess the detailed plan of region 6 of Shiraz by using an integrated method. By studying comprehensive methods for evaluating urban plans and reviewing the literature related to the different methods and techniques, a combination of the two methods of "Plan Process Result" and "Plan/Policy Implementation Program" are selected for assessment the efficiency of   the mentioned case study. The next step was to introduce and select the suitable evaluation criteria according to the situation and the conditions of the detailed plan of region 6. The detailed plan of Shiraz was first prepared by one of the consulting urban planning firm in 1372 and revised in 1383. The main aim of this new plan with regard to region 6 was to enhance the importance of the region in the West of Shiraz. To do this, the objectives of improvements of physical, environmental, social and urban management based on public participation were considered To gather and analysis the data needed for the study, different techniques had been used such as content analysis of master and detailed plans related to the selected criteria, interview techniques and some field studies. Factor analysis and analyzing strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (S.W.O.T) and also AHP method are used for examination of the procedures. The results of the study show that the conformity, internal and external consistency have gained high score in relation to other criteria such as connectivity, urban development direction, human and financial resources and  user participation which  the  two latter have got the lowest scores.  AHP method was selected for determining the weight of the criteria the scores are as below: conformity(./26), internal consistency (./38), connectivity (./.96), external consistency (./145), Urban development direction(./.43), human and financial resources and commitments ( ./.27) and public participation(./.41). To reduce the deficiency of detailed plans, it is recommended to use social plans for a better public participation in urban planning. Also a systematic approach and providing strategic plans instead of physical plant are useful. Increasing financial resources and paying attention to local organization are the most important tools for managing the implementation of detailed plans. The results In addition to examining the strengths and weaknesses of the preparation and implementation of the detailed plan, the process of urban detailed project evaluation suggests that it can be used in the evaluation of similar projects.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

14 - Social Stratification and Negation of Ethnocentrism in Saadi’s Gulistan and Bustan
Parviz Mohammadi Kamal Ghalandari

Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

15 - Merchandising Effect on Customer Satisfaction and Decision (Case Study: Shiraz Chain Stores)
Razia Azodi Fazlollah Kazemi

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Merchandising (Marketing) on customers' satisfaction and purchasing decisions in chain stores in Shiraz. The current research is applied in terms of target and in terms of collecting causal research information More

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Merchandising (Marketing) on customers' satisfaction and purchasing decisions in chain stores in Shiraz. The current research is applied in terms of target and in terms of collecting causal research information. In this study, using a field research method and using a standardized questionnaire for collecting data. The statistical population is all customers of chain stores in Shiraz. In this study, a one-stage cluster sampling method was used. A sample of 385 questionnaires was used for this research. The reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha and the validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by a number of experts from the statistical community and marketing professors. The findings of the research indicate that Merchandising has a positive effect on customer satisfaction and the positive effect of customer satisfaction on customer purchasing decision. Merchandising also has a positive and significant effect on customer purchasing decisions with the mediating role of customer satisfaction. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

16 - Identifying Barriers to Development of Geographic nformation Systems (GIS) in Urban Areas Services and providing perational Strategies (case study: Shiraz City Hall)
اسماعیل کاوسی حسین وظیفه دوست علی قادری

The purpose of this article is to identify barriers to the development of geographical information systems and to provide solutions in Shiraz City Hall. For this purpose, by identifying the statistical population and selecting the descriptive research method, the hypoth More

The purpose of this article is to identify barriers to the development of geographical information systems and to provide solutions in Shiraz City Hall. For this purpose, by identifying the statistical population and selecting the descriptive research method, the hypotheses of previous studies are drawn in form of questionnaires for conducting a survey among the statistical population. After analyzing the statistical data, it was determined that all the five hypotheses were confirmed, so that according to the statistical population, financial problems, safety and technical problems, cultural problems, lack of use or poor use of geographic information systems in other municipalities and related organizations in the field of urban services of the City Hall of Shiraz and the lack of familiarity of high-ranking managers and members of the City Hall of Shiraz (urban managers) with the capabilities of geographic information systems, prevent the development of geographic information systems in the field of urban services of Shiraz City Hall. Finally, referring to the second statistical population i.e. experts and scholars of developing geographic information systems, their proposed solutions to elimination of barriers to development are offered.  Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

17 - Measurement of knowledge sharing and organizational culture among librarians of public libraries in Shiraz
Nahid Khoshian

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between organizational culture and knowledge sharing of inside and outside of the organization among the librarians of the public libraries of Shiraz Metodology: The research method is mixed (quantita More

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between organizational culture and knowledge sharing of inside and outside of the organization among the librarians of the public libraries of Shiraz Metodology: The research method is mixed (quantitative and qualitative) and using survey. The statistical population of the study included all librarians working in public libraries of Shiraz (195 persons) and sampling was not carried out due to population size limitation and all of them were considered as the statistical population. The analyzes were done using Amos Graphics, SPSS16, and descriptive and inferential statistics including frequency and Pearson correlation coefficient test . Results: According to assessment of  12 percent of respondents, the status of organizational culture and the sharing of knowledge is appropriate and according to assessment of %48 is inappropriate. Conclusion: Organizational culture has a definitive meaningful relationship with the knowledge sharing of inside and outside of the organization. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

18 - Mystical Elements in Judeo-Persian Literature
Mansour Motamedi Maryam Poursadeqi

The Jews have an enduring presence in Iran. They invented Judeo-Persian language in order to have a kind of writing relationship witheach other. Actually this is Persian language written in Hebrewalphabet. The oldest documents of this kind date back to the 8th centuryCE More

The Jews have an enduring presence in Iran. They invented Judeo-Persian language in order to have a kind of writing relationship witheach other. Actually this is Persian language written in Hebrewalphabet. The oldest documents of this kind date back to the 8th centuryCE. There are numerous Judeo-Persian works including: interpretationof Old Testament, Hebrew grammar and lexicon, halakhah, midrash,poetry, stories and proverbs, magic, letters and legal documents. Inthese works we can not only trace some common terms of Islamictheology and jurisprudence, but also observe the remarkable influenceof Sufi terms and teachings on Judeo-Persian language, especially theinfluence of mystic poets such as Ḥāfeẓ, Sāʻdi, ʻAṭṭār, Neẓāmi, Rūmiand … . The present article, firstly introduces Judeo-Persian poets whohave used Islamic mystical elements in their poems, then, studies theseelements under six headings: mystical terms, Sufi approaches, Sufisymbols, anti-sufism, pro-sufism, stages of achieving the Reality(sharīʻt, ṭarīqat, ḥaqīqat). Also, it intends to demonstrate the influenceof Islamic Mysticism on the works of Jewish Persian poets. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

19 - Survey of Influential Factors Implementations Green Space and Strategic Approach to Urban development in the city of Shiraz (Case Study District Municipality)
Soleiman Mohamadidoost Mohammad Ali Khanizadeh Maliheh Keshavarz

It may be arguably the most important issue in urban development plans, and especially in the realization of the issue of realization for the benefit of the public and all stakeholders in the field of urban planning. Therefore, the process of preparation, approval and i More

It may be arguably the most important issue in urban development plans, and especially in the realization of the issue of realization for the benefit of the public and all stakeholders in the field of urban planning. Therefore, the process of preparation, approval and implementation of these plans must be such that while utilizing and utilizing all the potentials, capacities of the city's residents in the process of preparation and approval, they are also implemented in accordance with the wishes and needs of citizens in accordance with the principles and laws of urban planning and It should be an architecture that in practice has the most potential for implementation and realization. One of the most important uses and needs of citizens is urban green spaces, which unfortunately have the least feasibility due to the economist-oriented view of This research tries to examine the most important after reviewing the literature of the issue and expressing the importance and position of green space in the life of citizens and the concepts of urban development strategy as one of the newest approaches to the more realization of urban development plans and programs in district one of Shiraz city. The research method is descriptive-analytical and it is applied and after trying to study the per capita and existing levels of green space, changing the use of green space to other profit-oriented applications, reviewing Article 5 Commission files, obtaining opinions, it has to do with the authorities and the urban elite. Surveys show that unfortunately, due to lack of recognition and respect for the public and green spaces at the stage of preparation and approval of plans, especially regarding their potential ownership, lack of social conflicts, lack of attention to peripheral uses, etc. .., the uncertainty of the location and necessity of this landfill for the citizens and most importantly the lack of sufficient and sustainable municipal financial resources to maintain the landfill will lead to a change in the use of these spaces and their non-realization and ultimately their per capita decline. To citizens over time, the most important suggestion for reducing and resolving this problem can be to move towards public awareness among all the influential and empowering components of local government, especially in the field of sustainable financing. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

20 - Assess knowledge and understanding people of Shiraz about the National Park Bamou
ZAHRA MONTASERI Mohammadreza Ashrafzadeh

In an age that we live, human with his insatiable greed areas of ecology and natural resources to spend your short-term goals and profit unaware that is the future ahead. Human environment overshadowed by tremendous progress of technology and every part of it is attacke More

In an age that we live, human with his insatiable greed areas of ecology and natural resources to spend your short-term goals and profit unaware that is the future ahead. Human environment overshadowed by tremendous progress of technology and every part of it is attacked. Now the national parks are as a valuable genetic reserves diverse animal and plant species in each country and is only basic support to revive again the nature. In this research that is descriptive and field research and was conducted in Shiraz, and has been done to assess knowledge and understanding of people of Shiraz about the national park Bamou. For this purpose, 384 questionnaires were distributed to systematically random between people of Shiraz based on their place of residence in the Ennead areas of municipalities. Descriptive statistics were obtained for all data and for investigating the relationship between the elements has been used of the chi-square test (Chi-square test). Softwares that were used are Excel and SPSS. In this study it was found that between the gender factor and the level of knowledge of national park Bamou there is a significant relationship. Also factors such as level of education and place of residence on the knowledge of persons of the national park Bamou is not effective, and familiarity with the National Park Bamou by friends and acquaintances is the highest percentage of How acquaintance with park, that Shows the advertising and activities of the Environmental Protection Agency of city of Shiraz and  Fars Province in introduction of this national parkis not very effective and this organization as responsible of conservation of protected areas should be have more attention to these issues.  Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

21 - A Study on the Meanings of the Palace in the Hidden Layers of Hafez and Sanai Ghaznavi’s Words
Roqiyeh Shafi’ Zadeh Saeed Farzaneh Fard Hossein Novin

10.30495/clq.2021.685278

Poetry has beauties whose recognition of which deals with several topics. Discovering the outermost layer of poetry is related to the words of the couplet which is related to rhetoric science. After this layer is the expression science; but the hidden beauty that requir More

Poetry has beauties whose recognition of which deals with several topics. Discovering the outermost layer of poetry is related to the words of the couplet which is related to rhetoric science. After this layer is the expression science; but the hidden beauty that requires enough attention and concentration to find is the one related to rhetoric and knowledge of meanings and plays an effective role in the artistic creation and poetry beauty. One of the most important tasks of rhetoric, especially semantics, is to help human in the accurate transmission of his inner thoughts and feelings. Hafez is one of the powerful poets of the eighth century who has a powerful language and is influential and skilled in applying the techniques of the meanings of poetry. In this article the meanings of the palace in the Hafez Shirazi and Sanai Ghaznavi’s odes have been studied and the method is librarian. The results of the research show that Hafez’s art in applying such meanings penetrates the framework of sentences in a way that it cannot be easily obtained in the superstructure. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

22 - A Study on the Effects of Comparative Literature in "In the Waves of Sindh" and "The Assassination of Sultan Tajuddin"
Fereshteh Naseri

10.30495/clq.2021.685286

Poems that narrate the events and historical happenings of a nation have a prominent place in literary texts since they have the proudness consequences in the culture of that nation. Meanwhile, Hamidi Shirazi's poem "In the Waves of Sindh", which has Iranian educational More

Poems that narrate the events and historical happenings of a nation have a prominent place in literary texts since they have the proudness consequences in the culture of that nation. Meanwhile, Hamidi Shirazi's poem "In the Waves of Sindh", which has Iranian educational, historical and epic components against Mongol’s assault, and on the other hand, a similar poem in Arabic literature entitled "The Assassination of Sultan Tajuddin" by Mohammad Al Quri – Sudanese poet – narrator of Masalit Tribes in Sudan with the French colonization in 1910, known as the Battle of Dorothy are of this category. In this research, two mentioned poems have been studied and adapted based on the American school of comparative literature to find out what arrangements these two poets have enjoyed in expressing the social relations of their poems and to what extent their words have been able and successful in creating a suitable poetic atmosphere, characterization of the heroes and applying various signs and symbols. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

23 - The Literary Array of Paradox in John Donne and Saadi Shirazi’s Works
Fatemeh Azizmohammadi Hamedreza Kohzadi

"Paradox" as a literary array plays an important role in the literature of East and West, particularly in Persian Greek and English literature. Using paradox is a method of literary criticism, including a review of ambiguous statements, deduction and subsequent concept More

"Paradox" as a literary array plays an important role in the literature of East and West, particularly in Persian Greek and English literature. Using paradox is a method of literary criticism, including a review of ambiguous statements, deduction and subsequent concept of them .Both Saadi Shirazi and John Donne use the paradox to investigate the dominant contradictions that are, to some extent, incomprehensible to ordinary readers. This paper attempts to review and examine the challenge of the readers’ public understanding through the contradictions occuring in their minds by reading these two poets’ poems .This article seeks also to show how the emergence of such thoughts, and goals of these two poets in the application of the paradox Manuscript profile

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24 - Recognition of Four Manuscripts of Abdi Beig Shirazi's Works (Systems of Bahr Masjur, Manshur Shahi, Moravvaj Al-Asvagh and Mohayyaj Al-Ashvagh)
Ali Shahsavari Amirbanoo Karimi Abolfazl Moradi

Khawajeh Zayn al-Abedin Ali ibn Abd al-Mu'men Shirazi is one of the historians and poets of the tenth century AH. He has used the two pseudonyms of Navidi and Abdi in his poetry and he is able to imitate them. He has composed three Khamsehs following Nezami and "Bustan More

Khawajeh Zayn al-Abedin Ali ibn Abd al-Mu'men Shirazi is one of the historians and poets of the tenth century AH. He has used the two pseudonyms of Navidi and Abdi in his poetry and he is able to imitate them. He has composed three Khamsehs following Nezami and "Bustan Khayal" following Saadi's "Bustan" and Haft Masnavi of "Khazaen al-Malakut" imitating "Haft Orang" of Jami and has many works on poetry and prose, some of which are still unknown or have not been corrected, and because 40 years in the court of ShahTahmaseb has been Mostofi, his poetry contains important contents from this period of our country's history. His poetry in these Masnavi should be considered as a new type of poetry and with the necessary scientific caution, it can be said that the title of the educational-propaganda poem is suitable for it. His "Khazaen Al-Malakut" has seven sections or treasuries, and two copies of it have been identified so far, but none of its systems have been corrected, and it is feared that at any moment, a manuscript will be removed by accidental or negligence; haste in correcting this version is justified and necessary. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

25 - A Survey on Jalali’s Interpretation Manuscript by Jalal e Din Shirazi
Zohreh Ma’aref Ali Raad

Necessity of Shiite interpretive heritage is clear for all. One way to express the vital Quranic learnings is to survey and analyze interpretations. Recognizing more than 100 interpreter in Fars interpretation schools during 15 centuries makes us familiar with Jalal e D More

Necessity of Shiite interpretive heritage is clear for all. One way to express the vital Quranic learnings is to survey and analyze interpretations. Recognizing more than 100 interpreter in Fars interpretation schools during 15 centuries makes us familiar with Jalal e Din Shirazi (1877 - 1952) and Jalali Interpretation. The only manuscript of the mentioned interpretation belongs to Ahmadi Khaneghah Library in Shiraz. The present article discovers this interpretation’s criteria by analyzing the 19 vol. manuscript for the first time and the method is descriptive – analytical. It is remarkable to state that the reader of the interpretation initially finds the author a royalist but in fact the mentioned collection is the political status of the interpreter in Pahlavi era. The findings of the research show that the interpreter paid attention to Quran to Quran (comparison) method by citing traditions and considers the form of social and ethical framework for his interpretation in appearance but Jihadi – political framework in fact. Manuscript profile

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26 - Lifestyle in Nahj al-Balaghah and its Reflection in Saadi's Works
Fatemeh Gooshehneshin Maryam Shafiee Taban Behnam Feali

10.30495/dk.2022.1955348.2467

Paying attention to lifestyle is one of the essential issues in today's societies. This concept reflects the full range of ideas, values and social activities that distinguish societies. The Islamic way of life consists of interconnected sets of behavioral patterns in v More

Paying attention to lifestyle is one of the essential issues in today's societies. This concept reflects the full range of ideas, values and social activities that distinguish societies. The Islamic way of life consists of interconnected sets of behavioral patterns in various fields of human life. Nahj al-Balaghah, as one of the main Islamic sources, includes various characteristics of lifestyle in various fields. Since Saadi is the product of Islamic culture, he has mentioned many cases of lifestyle in his works, which are reminiscent of the components of lifestyle in Nahj al-Balaghah. The present paper tries to rely on the descriptive-analytical method to influence Saadi's lifestyle in Nahj al-Balaghah. The results of the research show that Saadi has been influenced by Nahj al-Balaghah in various mental and objective components of lifestyle, with the difference that Imam Ali (AS) has analyzed each component in different fields such as belief, social, political, military, economic, but Saadi's studies on the mentioned components are more limited and It is not as extensive as the components mentioned in Nahj al-Balaghah. Manuscript profile

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27 - Analytical study of the topics and terms of traditional medicine in Masnavi "Man and Salvi" by Nemat Khan Aali Shirazi
Majid Mohseni Vadeghani Ahmad Khatami Abolfazl Moradi rasta

10.30495/dk.2022.692013

"Manno Salva Masnavi" or "Sokhane Aali" is a moral, mystical, martingale and social book of poems that is one of "Nemat Khan Aali Shirazi" 's books. He  was an Iranian  poet and medical doctor who was living at 11th and 12th century AH. “Aali” was More

"Manno Salva Masnavi" or "Sokhane Aali" is a moral, mystical, martingale and social book of poems that is one of "Nemat Khan Aali Shirazi" 's books. He  was an Iranian  poet and medical doctor who was living at 11th and 12th century AH. “Aali” was living in India and he was a worthy person in "Orang Zib" and the king "Bahador" 's palace. He went to Orang Zib’s palace as a doctor and started writing and rhyming and gloried as “Nemat Khan”, “Mogharab Khan” and “Daneshmand Khan” by Orang Zib and King Bahador. Manno Salva Masnavi is a collection of mystical, moral and social stories. "Aali" has written some medical contents in this book, such as the names of diseases, the patients' symptoms, the ways of treatments, drugs, medicinal plants and ethics in medicine. Some of these subjects have been ignored until now. At the end of this project, the results indicates that, at first “Awli” was one of the proficient doctor of court despite he was introduced as a poet in the biographies. He was trying to introduce the illnesses, drugs and pharmaceutical plants with explanation of medical subjects in his stories. Second, his manner in advising, general medicine training and medical morality is considerable. Third, this mathnawi can be used in the traditional medicine researches and iran and india scientific relationships. In this article I used library method and analyzed this subject with other related books. Manuscript profile

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28 - The Stylistic study of the poems of Azhari Shirazi’s Resaleh- ye Kamal (Treatise of maturity)
Fariba Chini Fateme Sadat Taheri Abdorreza Modarreszade

10.30495/dk.2021.1929786.2258

The present article studies the style of poems of Budagh Azhari Shirazi (B. 991 A.H.), who is an unknown poet of the Safavid era. Azharis’ collection of poems, which he called the treatise of Kamal, has about eleven thousand verses; but it has not been published y More

The present article studies the style of poems of Budagh Azhari Shirazi (B. 991 A.H.), who is an unknown poet of the Safavid era. Azharis’ collection of poems, which he called the treatise of Kamal, has about eleven thousand verses; but it has not been published yet. Our knowledge of him is limited to what can be deduced from his poems. The author with a descriptive-analytical approach tries answer these questions: which of the poetic styles does Azhari followed in his poems and what are the characteristics of his poems in three levels of language, literature and thought? She tries to prove that the poet tends to Khorasani poetry in linguistic features, and the literary aspects of his poems reflect the poetic features of the Iraqi style. Azhari has paid special attention to Khaghani and Anvari poems. Praise and eulogy, virtual love and sometimes Voqugui and Vasukhti, description of the beloved, lampoon, satire, and Saghinameh are the main themes of Azhari’s poetry. The use of ancient words, the ancient form  words, Arabic words and phrases, composition, ancient grammatical rules, the use of compound simile, preferential simile, implicit simile and implicit metaphors, that more of them are personification, and  imagery, allusion, phantastic etiology, oxymoron, congerise and palilogy are some of the remarkable features of his style, thus the author that corrected the  Azhari’s collection of poems tries to  explain the stylistic features of his poet and help  to know his impression in Persian poetry for the first time. Manuscript profile

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29 - Examining the role of Īhām in expressing social and political issues: The case of Ghazals of Saadi and Saif Farghani
Mohammad Pouryavar Choubar Ahmadreza Nazari Charvadeh Masome Nazari Charvadeh

10.30495/dk.2021.1933695.2288

In the dark seventh and eighth centuries AH, which was the period of domination of the Tatar bloodthirsty and the governance of the unworthy cruel rulers over the cultural Iran, critical poems emerged in ways deeper than the protesting literature in the sixth century. I More

In the dark seventh and eighth centuries AH, which was the period of domination of the Tatar bloodthirsty and the governance of the unworthy cruel rulers over the cultural Iran, critical poems emerged in ways deeper than the protesting literature in the sixth century. In this period, Saadi and Saif Farghani were two liberals who each addressed the issues of the disintegrated society of that time. Since the arbitrariness of anti-people governments had captured the pen and speech in the labyrinth of tyranny, these poets inevitably turned to cryptic novelties, especially equivoque , to criticize the turbulent situation of the time. Based on a descriptive-analytical and comparative method, this study aims to investigate and compare the function of equivoque in raising political and social issues in the Ghazal of the mentioned poets in order to firstly explain the impact of Genghis Khan invasion and Mongol rule in this period on the common theme in their Ghazal and secondly, the most equivoques of the Ghazal of the mentioned poets is known by their political and social functions and their similarities and differences, as well. The final result of this research shows that the application of "Equivoque " method in raising political and social issues in Saadi's Ghazal is more frequent than Saif’s. Most of the equivoques criticisms of these two poets are directed at those in power. Among the types of equivoque , abstract equivoque and equivoque of proportion are more prominent in Saadi's Ghazal and equivoque of proportion and contradiction in Saif's Ghazal, respectively. Manuscript profile

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30 - A Comparative Study of Common Thoughts in Ghazals of Ghaleb Dehlavi and Hafiz Shirazi
Zohreh Valikhani

Comparative literature concerns literature universal, and plays, undoubtedly, an instructively important role in enriching the literature of nations. The value of the literary works of any nation is evident through comparative literature, showing its magnitude and impre More

Comparative literature concerns literature universal, and plays, undoubtedly, an instructively important role in enriching the literature of nations. The value of the literary works of any nation is evident through comparative literature, showing its magnitude and impression on the literature of other nations and consequently the perfection of better and more accurate world literature. The swap of Persian literature in the lands of Iran and India is long lasting. Regarding Iranian Poets, it is important to note that the influence of Hafiz on poets and literati of India is remarkable and unparalleled; specially his influence on Ghaleb Dehlavi, the great poet, thinker and prophet of peace. Although Ghaleb lived about 500 years later than hafiz, and despite the differences between the lands and cultures of the two territories of Iran and India, the two poets share a lot in common. The present research is an attempt to show how Ghaleb’s ghazals has been influenced by the thoughts of hafiz. To do so, the researcher has tried, through a descriptive-analytical approach and by giving objective evidences, to compare and contrast the common ideas of the two poets. Manuscript profile

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31 - Literal Personality of "Orfi Shirazi" through His Poetry Works Based on the Archetype Theory
azam khadem maryam Mahmoodi

Archetype-based literature criticism suggested by C. G. Yung, as a major approach, serves the archetypes as persistent mythological themes and images in the collective subconscious of mankind, a very close term rather than "prevalent object" or ideal icons in Islamic my More

Archetype-based literature criticism suggested by C. G. Yung, as a major approach, serves the archetypes as persistent mythological themes and images in the collective subconscious of mankind, a very close term rather than "prevalent object" or ideal icons in Islamic mystics.The archetypes are classified in several indeterminable ways but some of them are rather more common including: hero, mother, child, God, death, power, the wise master, anima, animus, persona (mask), and shade. This research investigated the function of archetypes in Orfi poetry works based on the method of content analysis which reveals his fluent, passionate nature - but devoid of malevolence and brutality, and a tremendous literary treasure because of a literary personality tending commonly into anima or hero persona, also providing that the theory of archetypes is in further researches potentially competent to overestimate the range of honesty or even authenticity. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

32 - An Analysis of Irony 's Artworks in Saadi Shirazi's Poetry
kobra shaban ghoochan mahmoud tavoossi mehdi mahoozi

10.30495/dk.2020.676018

Saadi's artistic techniques combine simplicity with industry and showcase her to the reader. He sometimes uses efficient tools such as Irony, Shout, Metaphor, Pahlavi, and ... to escape from the Transparency. A new look at the subject of Irony's artistic techniques is f More

Saadi's artistic techniques combine simplicity with industry and showcase her to the reader. He sometimes uses efficient tools such as Irony, Shout, Metaphor, Pahlavi, and ... to escape from the Transparency. A new look at the subject of Irony's artistic techniques is finding a way to determine his poetry's power and style. The purpose of this research is to study the analytical frequency of the arranger's artistic instruments, which include: verbal, rhetorical, radical, situational, structural, Socratic and acclaimed, in the poems of Saa'di Shirazi and its comparisons with eulogy, although there are some differences between the Irony, Along with the quill, the use of the cynical structure along with Irony adds to the complexity and ambiguity of the word. The method of this study is descriptive-statistical. The findings of the research show that Irony, as one of the components of language in Saadi's lyrics, is very clear and clear in expressing religious, political and social ideas. The Irony word is the most frequent with 29% and Irony has the lowest rate of 3%. In the meantime, Saa'di's contribution to the use of the eagle and the Irony is noticeably less than that of his contemporaries. Manuscript profile

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33 - Investigating and analyzing the rhetorical functions of the Qur'anic words in the orfi shirazi's sonnet
reza refaee ghadimi mashhad khalil parvini

10.30495/dk.2021.682098

The Holy Qur'an, as the holiest Islamic text, has always been the source of Persian poet. The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of the Holy Quran on imaginaton in the Orfi Shirazi's Sonnet, a pioneer Indian poetry Style in the 10th century Hijri. The More

The Holy Qur'an, as the holiest Islamic text, has always been the source of Persian poet. The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of the Holy Quran on imaginaton in the Orfi Shirazi's Sonnet, a pioneer Indian poetry Style in the 10th century Hijri. The main claim of the present research is that Orfi has been used the Qur'anic words in the creation of narrow imaganation and exquisite images, and The Quranic words, in many cases, can be aesthetically and imaginatively analyzed. To prove this claim, and study the position of the Qur'an in the orfi poetry, his sonnets have been investigated in the context of the influence of the Qur'an on production of image in the field of two expression and oratory sciences. And The various types of borrowing of this poet from the Holy Quran in the creation of poetic images , Has been analyzed. The results of this research show that the most common use of the Holy Qur'an in creating images taking in narrow imagination exaggerated, as well as in the construction of metaphors. Manuscript profile

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34 - Investigating the types of compact allegories in the poems of Jalal Tabib Shirazi
Shirin Kabiri Mehrdad Chatraei Maryam Mahmoudi

The existence of distinguished imagery in poems of great poets represents their power in fantasizing and allegory is one of the illustrative elements of poetry and Imagery. Allegory is one of the most important topics which has been talked about a lot both in primitive More

The existence of distinguished imagery in poems of great poets represents their power in fantasizing and allegory is one of the illustrative elements of poetry and Imagery. Allegory is one of the most important topics which has been talked about a lot both in primitive and contemporary rhetoric. In ancient books, it has been considered as a compound simile and allegory metaphor, while in modern times, it is a subset of the subject of image and imagination. In terms of the structure of Persian allegories, It consists of two parts: descriptive and narrative allegory; narrative allegory includes stories of human and animal, symbolic stories, fable, parable, etc. Descriptive allegory usually does not go beyond one or more sentences, and its most important types are allegorical metaphor, allegorical simile, proverb, and Oslub-e-Moadeleh (techniques of sameness). In this article, we are attempting to study and search for the types of descriptive allegory and its examples in the poetry of Jalal Tabib Shirazi. He was a physician and a poet who lived in between Saadi's and Hafez's lifetime and variety of short allegories are prominent in his poetry. This research has been done through the library method and case study. Over the years, several articles have been published on allegory and its structure and types in Persian literature, but there has been no article about the types of short allegory in Jalal Tabib's poems. Manuscript profile

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35 - the influence of Veghar-e- Shirazi in Bahram and Behooz from Molana''''s Masnavi in the field of Allegory
Reza Jalili mahdi novrooz

Analogy is a useful tool for explaining thoughts. this poetic and artistic tool, if used in the special sense of the word, is used to retell educational subjects and, if used in the general sense, is merely a literary industry. one of the most popular types of Allegory More

Analogy is a useful tool for explaining thoughts. this poetic and artistic tool, if used in the special sense of the word, is used to retell educational subjects and, if used in the general sense, is merely a literary industry. one of the most popular types of Allegory in Farsi is Fabal, in which the main characters are animal tales. among the persian language poets who have a pedagogical approach to allegory, Mowlana has a special place. his artistic use of allegories to explain the moral teachings in spiritual Masnavi has led many followers of the poetry of Veghar -e- Shirazi to follow in the verses of Bahram and Behrooz. the study of similar analogies in the two works described by the descriptive method and content analysis shows that the two poets describe and explain educational topics such as "avoidance of bad companions", "avoidance of pride and selfishness", "the necessity of supporting the king of the landlord" and " the human tone against fate and destiny "has taken advantage of allegory and fable. also, using Fabel has been very effective in understanding the audience. Manuscript profile

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36 - A study on nostalgia of love, separation and deprivation in the “Gold Lock” slug poem of Hamidi Shirazi by focusing on the element of allegory and allegorical evidences
Gh. Hayati A. Dehghan S. A. H. Kazerooni

Nostalgia in literary studies, is a method of writing said to be which on its basis, poet or writer, sorrowfully or painfully describes and depicts the past which has in his mind or the land which he has many memories from Its. Regret, memory of the past, grief of lonel More

Nostalgia in literary studies, is a method of writing said to be which on its basis, poet or writer, sorrowfully or painfully describes and depicts the past which has in his mind or the land which he has many memories from Its. Regret, memory of the past, grief of loneliness, homesickness, pain of separation are the characteristics of Nostalgia. One of the great contemporary poets who in his romantic and nostalgic poems has included considerable cases of love, separation and deprivation nostalgia is Dr. Mehdi Hamidi Shirazi (1293-1365 solar). In this article, it is attempted to study and analyze the love, separation and deprivation nostalgia of the beloved in one of the beautiful poems of Hamidi Shirazi by focusing on the element of allegory and allegorical evidences. Manuscript profile

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37 - Study of the teaching points in concepts of social justice and social security from Saadi perspective
Parvane Adelzadeh Behroz Ghafori

Teaching points of social justice and security are exalted ideas. Although, these elements are praised but individual have different account toward them. This category as an important human teaching has been considered by the scholars from the past. In oriental teaching More

Teaching points of social justice and security are exalted ideas. Although, these elements are praised but individual have different account toward them. This category as an important human teaching has been considered by the scholars from the past. In oriental teachings social justice and security are main human goals. This subject matter has been discussed in valuable works of Saadi. In Saadi account justice means distribution of possibilities based on meritocracy. In this perspective, distribution of material and welfare possibilities and also power should be done based on competencies .He believes in distributive justice and in governance he consider middle class competent for government. Indeed, this scholar of Persian literature believes in meritocracy from economic and social viewpoints.This article tries to investigate Saadi teachings in social and security justice as the scholar of fourteen century in order to offer different approach for policy makers and researchers. Manuscript profile

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38 - The Relationship between Industry and Art in the Thinking of Qutbuddin Shirazi
Samira Afraz Ismail Bani Ardalan Hadi Rabiei

10.30486/pia.2023.2001377.1057

The term 'industry' now signifies art in today's common understanding. Historically, 'industry' was employed in a broader sense rather than referring to art, and it underwent analysis and scrutiny by thinkers. For instance, in literary texts, it was depicted as a virtue More

The term 'industry' now signifies art in today's common understanding. Historically, 'industry' was employed in a broader sense rather than referring to art, and it underwent analysis and scrutiny by thinkers. For instance, in literary texts, it was depicted as a virtue, and in Islamic wisdom and Sufism, it was denoted as a profession imbued with sanctity, encompassing both physical and spiritual dimensions. Each Islamic sage and philosopher interpreted it similarly, leading them to view the creation of artificial works from a spiritual perspective. Undoubtedly, the primary source of discussions on industry, including the views of pre-Socratic critics, can be traced back to Greek sources. Qutb al-Din is undeniably indebted to these profound ideas within the realms of philosophy, ethics, and spirituality. This study, utilizing a descriptive-analytical approach, seeks to address the following questions: What is the relationship between industry and art in Qutbuddin's works? How does Qutbuddin's conception of industry differ from the contemporary understanding of art? The findings indicate that Qutbuddin's industry was associated with a profession, with a broad application, and he approached it from a perspective of spiritual conduct. According to this sage, the concept of art differs significantly from its contemporary interpretation. Allameh's classification of industries acknowledges that they all stem from knowledge, emphasizing that one lacking manufacturing knowledge would be unable to produce industries. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

39 - God of The World and The world of God (A Study of Man’s Nature in Ganj-e Ravan and Chehel Sabah of Shah Daei Shirazi)
Masroureh Mokhtari Mahsa Kazempour

Shah Daei Shirazi, a mystical poet of the ninth century AH, is one of the preachers of Ibn Al-Arabi's mystical ideas and one of the students of Shah Nematullah Vali. The Masnavi of Ganj-e Ravan and Chehel Sabah are the second and third one of his six Masnavis respective More

Shah Daei Shirazi, a mystical poet of the ninth century AH, is one of the preachers of Ibn Al-Arabi's mystical ideas and one of the students of Shah Nematullah Vali. The Masnavi of Ganj-e Ravan and Chehel Sabah are the second and third one of his six Masnavis respectively. These poems, by taking advantage of the poet's genius and the ideas of his predecessors, including the mystical thoughts of Ibn Al-Arabi and Rumi's style in Masnavi, have reached a degree of innovative literary and artistic structure. Due to the fact that no special research has been done on the mentioned works so far, the present study, with its analytical-descriptive method and using the library resources, introduced these two masnavis and studies the human nature within to explain the poet's view on human nature and its levels with an ontological approach. The results of the research show that Shah Daei does not consider human separate from existence and human is at the highest level of existence and the evolutionary course of human passes through existence. Based on Ibn Al-Arabi, Daei considers the perfect man as the reflection of divine names and attributes and a mirror of the whole universe. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

40 - Ranks and Elements of Knowledge in Masnavi “Mashahed” by Shah Dai Shirazi
Masroureh Mokhtari Saeed Aqanejhad saein

Shah Dai Shirazi is one of mystic poets and missionaries of Ibn Arabi’ existence unity thought and has written several works including verse and prose. One of his verses is “seteye Shah Dai”. The masnavi “Mashahed” is the first prose of his More

Shah Dai Shirazi is one of mystic poets and missionaries of Ibn Arabi’ existence unity thought and has written several works including verse and prose. One of his verses is “seteye Shah Dai”. The masnavi “Mashahed” is the first prose of his sextet masnavis in which the poet, considering his thought inclination, has composed in “seven   Mashhad”: request, abstraction, verve, exploration, knowledge, truth, and monotheism. Since no study had been done concerning this masnavi, the present research has introduced this work and studied one of important mystic issues e.g. “knowledge” and its ranks and elements in this Masnavi using analytic- descriptive method. This study indicated   that   following Ibn Arabi   and   impressive   reflection of   his ontological thought in title and structure of the work particularly words, terms frequency, and the content are   notable. According to Shah Dai’s thought,   knowledge   possesses   ranks and degrees.  Knowledge of self, knowledge of existence, and   knowledge of   God are   important elements of knowledge in masnavi Mashahed. Shah Dai argues that knowledge of human is related to ontology and these two lead to knowledge of God. The finding is that knowledge of God   is   not   possible   for   mystic   due   to   refusing   independence   and   the   mystic   can   reach “monotheism” stage thinking about manifestations of divine names and traits using exploration and intuition. Manuscript profile

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41 - Prioritizing sustainable urban regeneration policies in the Historical area of Shiraz with attention to authority relations
Elham Amanzadegan Manouchehr Tabibian Mohammad Amanzadegan Hossein Amanzadegan Maryam Amanzadegan

      Historical areas have rich cultural, social and heritage resources due to the existence of buildings and collections of valuable spaces and the narration and reading of the reality of life and the activities of human beings living in it in More

      Historical areas have rich cultural, social and heritage resources due to the existence of buildings and collections of valuable spaces and the narration and reading of the reality of life and the activities of human beings living in it in the transition of history. The need to intervene in historical areas seems to be undeniable due to the needs of today's urbanization and the process of natural erosion and physical metamorphosis over time. The "sustainable urban regeneration" approach, due to the simultaneous, comprehensive and integrated considerations of physical, functional, economic, social, environmental, managerial, legal dimensions, focus on preservation, protection and development of heritage-identity capital preservation more than other policies. The present article intends to prioritize sustainable urban regeneration policies in the four neighborhoods of Shiraz historical context to create a link between the two concepts of sustainability and urban regeneration in Shiraz historical area neighborhoods, changes in its management and at the same time social, physical, cultural, and environmental regeneration and ultimately lead to vitality, dynamism, and the promotion of status and civic life in the historical area. The data required for the research have been collected through library studies, documents, field studies, reports of organizations involved in urban management and completing a questionnaire by Delphi method and interviews with experts in historical area by exploratory method. The statistical population includes citizens of five neighborhoods of the historical-cultural region of Shiraz, equivalent to 24871 people. The sample size was selected based on Cochran's formula and the questionnaire was randomly distributed and completed. Based on the policy of sustainable urban regeneration, the policies and plans of the historical area of Shiraz were analyzed and evaluated by statistical methods like Fuzzy-Topsis & T test. The results of statistical tests in order to prioritize policies indicate that the components of regeneration and sustainability in the historical area of Shiraz are lower than desired and physical policy with an average of 2.933 as the highest index, socio-demographic policy, environmental, participatory, cultural - Tourism, management, legal and economic are in the next categories with an average of 2.932, 2.920, 2.809, 2.778, 2.739 and 2.628, respectively. Given the need to pay attention to managerial and legal policies in historically valuable areas and the theories of Habermas and Foucault in this regard, there is a need to present a new approach and pay attention to the authority relations and institutions involved in the context.Extended AbstractIntroduction:        The decline in the quality of the urban environment, due to the prevailing pattern of urbanization of industrial cities and fundamental changes in the structure and function of the central and old urban parts, made the issue of regenerating the historical and ancient parts of cities as an important issue. Many theorists have used various perspectives to solve this fundamental problem, such as attention to culture, modern perspective, neo-urbanism, and so on. Despite many efforts in this field, their goals were focused on the physical part of urban historical contexts and have been presented in the form of various policies. All aspects and indicators of sustainability and regeneration in the historical context have not been considered simultaneously. The basic principles as well as the participation of the people have led to the non-implementation of some executive policies in the historical context (Amanzadegan & Tabibian, 2021: 3). The process of revival and metamorphosis in historical contexts has been subjected to various ideas in the last century, which have been formed based on spatial and temporal conditions and policies governing contexts and have undergone changes in the form of different ideas (Yazdani, et al., 2017: 42-43). Some perspectives and approaches to intervention in historically valuable contexts have sometimes sought to inject new ideas into contexts without addressing the contemporary and up-to-date needs of contexts and people, as well as the main concerns of urbanization today, and this is a reason for failure. Thoughts and views as well as plans and programs that seek to correct and solve the problem of historical contexts. Therefore, in spite of many activities, considering that one of the issues of experts and decision-makers in these matters is the preservation of historical sites and the revitalization of ancient area, and government policies in recent decades have emphasized to correct the ancient texture, but unfortunately what is actually observed in practice is the gradual and uncertainty of these areas (Habibi & Maghsodi, 2017: 55-59). Due to the inefficiency of views and theories related to the historical context, the use of regeneration in the historical area along with the issue of sustainability, will lead to an integrated and sustainable development of the context. The comprehensive approach to sustainable urban regeneration can affect the quality and identity of historical contexts by considering all dimensions and components of sustainability and regeneration affecting the historical context.Methodology:SPSS software and t-test were used to analyze the collected data. Fuzzy TOPSIS has also been used to rank regeneration policies in neighborhoods. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed based on the opinions of experts in the field of regeneration, 30 questionnaires were completed to assess the reliability and Cronbach's alpha of various indicators was more than 0.70. The policies formulated in the approved plans and programs for organizing, improving, renovating and regenrating the historical context of Shiraz in the detailed plan of the historical context, which are facing more incompatibility, were selected.Discussion and findings:T-test was used to prioritize sustainable urban regeneration policies. Due to the use of the Likert spectrum, the average is three. If the average is higher than average, it indicates more impact and if the average is lower than average, it indicates less impact. In order to assess the status of urban regeneration policies in the historical context, the one-sample parametric t-test (with the value of test 3) has been used. Given the level of significance obtained, it can be said with 95% confidence that the test results are acceptable. The results show that the average of all dimensions is below average. Physical dimension with an average of 2.933 as the highest average, social-demographic, environmental, participatory, cultural-tourism, managerial, legal, and economic dimensions are in the next categories with the average of 2.932, 2.920, 2.809, 2.788, 2.739, and 2.628, respectively. In order to assess the status of regeneration and sustainability policy in multiple neighborhoods of Shiraz historical context, t-test has been used. The results indicate that among the six components of regeneration and sustainability in the four neighborhoods of the historical context of Shiraz, three components are above average and three components are below average. The physical component with an average of 3.443 has the highest average and in other words is the most desirable component; And the component of public participation with an average of 2.232 has the lowest average and in other words is the most undesirable component. In general, the situation of regeneration and sustainability in the four neighborhoods of the historical area of Shiraz with an average of 2.993 is lower than the desired level. In order to be able to compare and rank historical area’s neighborhoods in terms of sustainable urban regeneration dimensions, the fuzzy TOPSIS model has been used. Also, fuzzy hierarchical analysis technique has been used to weight the indicators. After extracting the regeneration policies using the Delphi method and classifying the causes of non-feasibility of the plans and programs of the historical context of Shiraz in different areas related to the regeneration policy, different stages of fuzzy TOPSIS have been performed.Conclusion:It can be concluded that in general, the policies of urban regeneration plans and programs in the historical area of Shiraz are in an unfavorable situation, which can be confirmed according to obtained averages. In general, it can be said that the economic dimension includes; Reducing the profitability, efficiency and desirability of reconstruction projects in the historical context before and during implementation, increasing project implementation costs, lack of investor attraction, financial and economic weakness of the residents of the context, etc., are the most important components affecting the implementation of sustainable urban regeneration policies and programs in the city of Shiraz which is considered to be one of the main reasons for the failure of regeneration programs in this area.This result is important considering the ruling planning system of the country and the very important role of the executive and financial power of the employer. It seems reasonable that each of the projects, plans and programs for the regenerations of the historical context of Shiraz in order to succeed in the historical context, need to pay attention to the component of economic and financial power.In order to solve the problems of the historical-cultural context of Shiraz, a set of goals have been considered in the proposed program and plan, and if these goals are realized through strategies and executive policies, a big step will be taken to regenrate and revitalize the historical-cultural context of Shiraz.Encourage indigenous and non-indigenous investments to create sustainable employment in historic neighborhoods.Investing in small businesses to increase economic competition in these neighborhoods.Establishing a direct connection between the historical buildings of the city center and the revitalization of the historical contexts of the city.Special attention to integrated and coordinated local management.Review of the organizational structure and organizational chart of the municipality of Shiraz historical-cultural region.Elimination of parallel organization and establishment of the principle of organizational-institutional balance. 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42 - Investigation and analysis of the level of prosperity of Shiraz city of smart city indicators
alireza abdolahzadeh

Smartening is one of the important approaches of urban development that has been strengthened during the last two decades. Population growth and other developments show the importance of planning and smartening cities. On this basis, the metropolises have emphasized the More

Smartening is one of the important approaches of urban development that has been strengthened during the last two decades. Population growth and other developments show the importance of planning and smartening cities. On this basis, the metropolises have emphasized the smart approach in order to overcome some challenges and sustainable management in different sectors. The city of Shiraz, as one of the metropolises of the country, needs planning in line with the development of smart city indicators. Therefore, examining the current situation of this city can help the management and development of this city. In this research, the aim is to investigate the extent to which Shiraz city has smart city indicators. The research method is descriptive-analytical and based on field data collection. The data collection tool was a questionnaire. The statistical community is formed by experts who are knowledgeable about the subject. Based on the snowball method, 96 experts in three areas of this city completed the questionnaire. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed through the elite society and its reliability was also confirmed using Cronbach's alpha more than 0.74. The result showed that the analysis of the results showed that all smart city indicators including economy, movement, citizen, governance, life and smart environment were significant at a level less than 0.05. Based on the results of the T-Tech test, it was found that the index of smart economy (3.432) and smart citizen (3.149) had an average status and the rest of the indicators were evaluated poorly. Also, based on the results of the Friedman test, the best situation is related to the smart economy index with an average rating of 5.04 and the worst situation is related to the governance index with an average of 1.72. In addition, the results of variance analysis confirmed that there is a significant difference between the regions of Shiraz city in terms of four indicators of movement, governance, life and smart environment at a level of less than 0.05. Manuscript profile

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43 - Artistic images in the Ashura poems of Ahli Shirazi and Babafghani Shirazi
samayeh parvaeyan

Lamentation in the term means composing poetry in a person's mourning and has existed since the first periods of Persian poetry. In the Safavid era, this type of literature was linked to the Karbala incident and gradually became a stable culture. Since then, Shiite poet More

Lamentation in the term means composing poetry in a person's mourning and has existed since the first periods of Persian poetry. In the Safavid era, this type of literature was linked to the Karbala incident and gradually became a stable culture. Since then, Shiite poets have written religious poems, especially Ashura poems, detailing their events. Ahli Shirazi and Babafghani Shirazi are among the great poets of the Safavid era who wrote exhilarating poems in the mourning of Imam Hussein (AS) and the martyrs of Karbala. In this research, 267 bits of Ashura poems of the mentioned poets have been studied from the perspective of literary images by statistical analysis of data; The people of Shiraz have more artistic uses than Baba Faghani Shirazi. Most of the laments have heavy weights and a calm and sad tone.The frequency of Arabic words as well as words with the mourning discourse of Ashura (such as Karbala, blood, martyr, sorrow, etc.) is significant in all elegies. The syntactic structure of many sentences is necessarily confused with poetry, but these changes are common in poetry and are not considered prominence. Intellectually, all the elegies confirm that the poets are Shiites; Attributing the incident of Ashura to the sky, which is a kind of determinism, is significant in these poems. The most important result of the present study is to reveal the similarities and literary differences between the elegies of these two poets and to know their views on the martyrs. Manuscript profile

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44 - بررسی تغییرات کیفی و کمی منابع آب زیرزمینی دشت شیراز
سعید کریمی کاکا شاهدی محمود حبیب زاده محمد رضا اشراقی

شناخت آب از نظر کمیت، کیفیت و چگونگی حصول آن قدمی اساسی برای بهینهسازی مصرف است. با توجه به هیدروگراف واحد دشت شیراز در دوره آماری 90 - 1372 سطح آب زیرزمینی دارای سیر نزولی بوده که به طور کلی سطح آب زیرزمینی 98 / 5 متر افت داشته است. همزمان با افت کمی آبخوان، کیفیت آبخو More

شناخت آب از نظر کمیت، کیفیت و چگونگی حصول آن قدمی اساسی برای بهینهسازی مصرف است. با توجه به هیدروگراف واحد دشت شیراز در دوره آماری 90 - 1372 سطح آب زیرزمینی دارای سیر نزولی بوده که به طور کلی سطح آب زیرزمینی 98 / 5 متر افت داشته است. همزمان با افت کمی آبخوان، کیفیت آبخوان نیز در دوره مورد مطالعه کاهش یافته است. این نتیجه در بررسی کیفیت آب زیرزمینی با استفاده از آزمون من کندال تأیید میشود. بر اساس طبقهبندی آب آبیاری طبق روش ویلکوکس در حال - حاضر آبخوان دشت در دو کلاس C3S1 و C4S1 قرار میگیرد که دارای آب شور و خیلی شور است. بر اساس طبقهبندی شولر نیز در حال حاضر دشت دارای آب در کلاس قابل قبول و نامناسب میباشد. همچنین، نتایج بررسی همبستگی نشان داد که سطح آب زیرزمینی با بهرهبرداری و عوامل کیفیت آب، دارای همبستگی معنیدار منفی در سطح احتمال 99 درصد است و با بارش همبستگیمعنیداری ندارد. Manuscript profile

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45 - A survey and an analysis of the narrative process of the story of Leyli and Majnoun in the 10th century
Bahareh Zarif Emarat Saz

The story of Leyli and Majnoun had paid attention in all periods of Persian poetry and many works has emerged in the name and description of Leili and Majnoun`s love. The most prominent Persian Leyli and Majnoun is Nizami`s work and plenty of poets have imitated him in More

The story of Leyli and Majnoun had paid attention in all periods of Persian poetry and many works has emerged in the name and description of Leili and Majnoun`s love. The most prominent Persian Leyli and Majnoun is Nizami`s work and plenty of poets have imitated him in the field of word and content, that the works of poets like jami, Maktabi and Hatefi are more prominent. Most of researchers have attributed this imitation to Nizami in all periods of composing Leily and Majnoun. This topic has been criticized in this essay, in descriptive, analytical and comparative method. For this purpose, the story of Leyli and Majnoun by Helali Goghatai, Ghasemi gonabadi and Abdi Beig Navidi Shirazi which have composed in the 10th century, have compared with the works of Nizami, Maktabi and Hatefi. The result of this study shows that the composers of epopees which have composed in the 10th century, have been affected by Maktabi and Hatefi more than Nizami in planning of their stories and also had innovations. Manuscript profile

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46 - The tricks of the book Tabashir al-Hikma Raz Shirazi in making the habits of the life of the Prophet of Islam (PBUH) believable
zahra naseiri Saeed Qashqaei Ahmad Tahan

10.30495/farsij.2022.1946320.1573

Language has a paradoxical function as an important factor in the narration of mystical-historical habits. On the other hand, by broadening the imagination, it promotes the literature of historical texts and separates the reader from the world of reality. On the other h More

Language has a paradoxical function as an important factor in the narration of mystical-historical habits. On the other hand, by broadening the imagination, it promotes the literature of historical texts and separates the reader from the world of reality. On the other hand, with a linguistic approach to creating logic and the relationship between linguistic cause and effect, it returns the audience to the context of reality in order to accept, at the astonishing peak, mystical and historical habits. This article, by combining structuralist linguistics and pattern-oriented linguistics and using a descriptive-analytical method, examines the linguistic and metalanguage elements in the story of "The Birth of Mustafa (PBUH)" from the book Tabashir al-Hikma Raz Shirazi; The results of the research show that the author has made the most of the paradoxical function of language in creating credibility in order to make the life habits of the Holy Prophet (PBUH) believable. In this way, accurate characterization of historical people, narration of trusted people, accurate description of the places and time of life of the Holy Prophet (PBUH), dialogue element, variety of verbs and short sentences, use of letters for purposes Secondary has also made full use of. Manuscript profile

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47 - Inventory of Single Oak Trees Using Object- Based Method on WorldView-2 Satellite Images and on Earth
yousef taghi mollaei Abdolali Karamshahi Seyyed Yousef Erfanifard

Remote sensing provides data types and useful resources for forest mapping. Today,one of the most commonly used application in forestry is the identification of singletree and tree species compassion using object-based analysis and classification ofsatellite or aerial i More

Remote sensing provides data types and useful resources for forest mapping. Today,one of the most commonly used application in forestry is the identification of singletree and tree species compassion using object-based analysis and classification ofsatellite or aerial images. Forest data, which is derived from remote sensing methods,mainly focuses on the mass i.e. parts of the forest that are largely homogeneous, inparticular, interconnected) and plot-level data. Haft-Barm Lake is the case study whichis located in Fars province, representing closed forest in which oak is the valuablespecies. High Resolution Satellite Imagery of WV-2 has been used in this study. Inthis study, A UAV equipped with a compact digital camera has been used calibratedand modified to record not only the visual but also the near infrared reflection (NIR) ofpossibly infested oaks. The present study evaluated the estimation of forest parametersby focusing on single tree extraction using Object-Based method of classification witha complex matrix evaluation and AUC method with the help of the 4th UAV phantombird image in two distinct regions. The object-based classification has the highest andbest accuracy in estimating single-tree parameters. Object-Based classification methodis a useful method to identify Oak tree Zagros Mountains forest. This study confirmsthat using WV-2 data one can extract the parameters of single trees in the forest. An overall Kappa Index of Agreement (KIA) of 0.97 and 0.96 for each study site has been achieved. It is also concluded that while UAV has the potential to provide flexible and feasible solutions for forest mapping, some issues related to image quality still need to be addressed in order to improve the classification performance. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

48 - Inventory of Single Oak Trees Using Object-Based Method on WorldView-2 Satellite Images and Earth
yousef taghi mollaei abdolali karamshahi Seyyed Yousef Erfanifard

Remote sensing provides data types and useful resources for forest mapping. Today, one of the mostcommonly used application in forestry is the identification of single tree and tree species compassionusing object-based analysis and classification of satellite or aerial More

Remote sensing provides data types and useful resources for forest mapping. Today, one of the mostcommonly used application in forestry is the identification of single tree and tree species compassionusing object-based analysis and classification of satellite or aerial images. Forest data, which is derivedfrom remote sensing methods, mainly focuses on the mass i.e. parts of the forest that are largelyhomogeneous, in particular, interconnected) and plot-level data. Haft-Barm Lake is the case study whichis located in Fars province, representing closed forest in which oak is the valuable species. HighResolution Satellite Imagery of WV-2 has been used in this study. In this study, A UAV equipped with acompact digital camera has been used calibrated and modified to record not only the visual but also thenear infrared reflection (NIR) of possibly infested oaks. The present study evaluated the estimation offorest parameters by focusing on single tree extraction using Object-Based method of classification with acomplex matrix evaluation and AUC method with the help of the 4th UAV phantom bird image in twodistinct regions. The object-based classification has the highest and best accuracy in estimating single-treeparameters. Object-Based classification method is a useful method to identify Oak tree Zagros Mountainsforest. This study confirms that using WV-2 data one can extract the parameters of single trees in theforest. An overall Kappa Index of Agreement (KIA) of 0.97 and 0.96 for each study site has beenachieved. It is also concluded that while UAV has the potential to provide flexible and feasible solutionsfor forest mapping, some issues related to image quality still need to be addressed in order to improve theclassification performance. Manuscript profile

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49 - Investigating the Functional Levels of Non-Verbal Communication of "Body Language" in 'Orfi Shirazi's Lyrics
Tahereh Moosazadeh Ahagh Safa Taslimi Hassanali Abbaspour esfeden mandana alimi

10.30495/rpcl.2023.701063

 One of the constant and important goals of poets and writers in their verse and prose works is to communicate with the audience as best as possible and convey the meaning and message to them as best and accurately as possible. In this regard, using verbal and non- More

 One of the constant and important goals of poets and writers in their verse and prose works is to communicate with the audience as best as possible and convey the meaning and message to them as best and accurately as possible. In this regard, using verbal and non-verbal communication has been one of the most common methods in this regard. Non-verbal communication or the use of visual signs has always been an efficient tool for poets to convey themes and concepts hidden in poems. Concepts that main topics are issues such as education, awareness and awakening of people and love (descriptions of the beauty of a lover, separation of a lover, etc.). 'Orfi Shirazi is one of the poets of the early Safavid period, who played an important role in the development of the Indian style of ghazal. The main volume of his divan is sonnets. One of the important indicators of 'Orfi poems is the visual signs (non-verbal communication) hidden in his lyrical themes. For this reason, the present article, using the descriptive analytical method, has attempted to analyze the level of non-verbal communication of "body language" in non-linguistic actions, in 'Orfi Shirazi poems. The hypothesis of the current research is an emphasis on the issue that the body language in the non-verbal communication of 'Orfi Shirazi's lyrical poetry is completely intentional and aimed at attracting the beloved and attracting the audience, as well as rethinking the behavioral patterns of the individual and society, with the aim of irony and symbolism. Among the non-verbal communication processes in 'Orfi Shirazi's poems, gestures and gestures specific to the face, hands, feet, and eyes have the most communicative function and play an important role in conveying concepts and messages. Manuscript profile

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50 - Comparison of Qalandari themes in the works of Sheikh Ahmad Jam and Hafez Shirazi
, Jan Mohammad Afrazi, Hamid Tabasi, . Abolghasem Radfar

 Qalandaria is a branch of blame that has done some things contrary to religion for the sake of violence and has left a great impact on Persian literature. Iranian and Islamic mysticism began with asceticism and at some point merged with Sufism; He then entered a s More

 Qalandaria is a branch of blame that has done some things contrary to religion for the sake of violence and has left a great impact on Persian literature. Iranian and Islamic mysticism began with asceticism and at some point merged with Sufism; He then entered a stage in which some of his literature was called Qalandar literature. The influence of Qalandari thoughts in Persian mystical poetry started from Sanai and reached the highest level of development in Hafez. The poets of Qalandariyat spoke of their desire for love, Qalandariyya, drunkenness and passion, and criticized the scholars and ascetics. In Qalandariyat, words such as: Tasbih, Khaneghah, Kharqah, Asceticism, Sajjada, Sufi, Faqih, Mosque, School, etc. have been ridiculed, and in contrast, words such as: Dir Moghan, Magh, Maghbcheh, May, It has many uses. In this research, by descriptive-analytical method and library tools, the concepts of Qalandar in Hafez Divan and the works of poetry and prose of Ahmad Jam have been studied and compared. The results of the research show that Hafez and Sheikh Ahmad Jam have emphasized the issue of hypocrisy of religious people and Sharia more than others; Because the corruption that is created in this way in the society is much worse than the corruption of other classes. Also, Hafez and Sheikh Jam have emphasized the condemnation of selfishness and avoidance of the world and carnal habits. Hafez's wide range of views includes political, social, cultural, and religious issues; But Ahmad Jam has not mentioned the political characteristics of his society. Manuscript profile

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51 - Social Sustainability Components & Improving the Physical Quality of Contemporary Residential Complexes
Hamed Moztarzadeh Hadi Nikounam Nezami

10.22094/soij.2022.1962776.1503

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52 - Explaining the Role of Light on Quality of the Architectural Spaces in Iranian Mosques
Fariba Alborzi Farah Habib Iraj Etessam

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53 - The composition and social origin of the Babi insurgents with an emphasis on the Babi rebellion in Mazandaran (1264-1265 AH)
sina foroozesh

Abstract: Babism movement officially came to existence at the time of Mohammad Shah of Qajar dynasty in 1260 AH. At the beginning the movement had three principles of Babiasm, Mahdaviyat (believing in the Hidden Imam), and Prophethood. The founder of the movement, Seyye More

Abstract: Babism movement officially came to existence at the time of Mohammad Shah of Qajar dynasty in 1260 AH. At the beginning the movement had three principles of Babiasm, Mahdaviyat (believing in the Hidden Imam), and Prophethood. The founder of the movement, Seyyed Ali Mohammad Shirazi, set to Azerbaijan on the behest of the Shah's Chancellor, Hajj Mirza Aqasi. He spent four months 2 years and three months in prison from 1264 to 1266 AH. When the babist lost the hope of their leader being set free, the movement entered a new era; an armed insurgency. Under the pretext of their leader's imprisonment, they started a rebellion and challenged the establishment. The culmination of this armed insurgency was when the group took the Sheik Tabarsi Citadel in Mazandaran for nine months. Eventually, they were defeated and the insurgency was put to rest. The current study deals with several factors of the movement, in particular the reason behind its varied social fabrics, the social origins of the rebels, and their motivations with the emphasis on the rebellion in Mazandaran (Sheikh Tabarsi Citadel). The research is conducted using historical research method and tries to be objective in its dealing with historical events. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

54 - Historicism of Hafiz-e Shirazi
mohammad tayebi

The present paper with regard to Divan (Poetical works) and poems of Hafiz-e Shirazi discusses the extent of his attitude to the history knowledge, historical issues and related events and characters, subsets of his field as well as explanation and clarification of poin More

The present paper with regard to Divan (Poetical works) and poems of Hafiz-e Shirazi discusses the extent of his attitude to the history knowledge, historical issues and related events and characters, subsets of his field as well as explanation and clarification of point, and introduction of the roles of symbols and patterns based on historical and literary sources and references. The research findings in this field imply that the said poet was familiar with religious and national history and this very familiarity caused, far from detailed descriptions and explanations of events and biography of historical figures, whether positive or negative, induce on audience the most prolific historical interpretations and learnings through concise and precise sayings. In selecting the exemplary symbols and happenings Hafiz has considered the different branches of history his most considered figures, however, have been chosen from ancient and mythical eras and history of prophets. There is no doubt that one of the fascinating and effective symbols of the poet and his poems influenced on his Iranian and non. Iranian audience is his proper knowledge and understanding of history, realistic historicism selection and remittance of message with prolific historical concepts.  Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

55 - Bearing Capacity Zoning of Shallow Foundations in District 1 in Shiraz Municipality Using Geographic Information System (GIS)
Sara Afarid alireza Hajiani Boushehriana

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Open Access Article

56 - Deep Excavation Hazard Assessment Zoning in District 1 in Shiraz Municipality Using Geographic Information System (GIS)
Sara Afarid Alireza Hajiani Boushehrian

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Open Access Article

57 - Evaluation of the influential components of western architectural culture in the modern era on the physical and decorative structure of the Qajar period gardens of Shiraz.
fatemeh nekooeimehr hossein soltanzadeh shervin mirshahzadeh

10.22094/lsj.2024.1986447.1097

During the Qajar period, due to Iran's relationship with other countries and the changes that occurred in the cultural and political fields, differences were also created in the thoughts, trends and styles of Iranian art and architecture. These effects, which were mostl More

During the Qajar period, due to Iran's relationship with other countries and the changes that occurred in the cultural and political fields, differences were also created in the thoughts, trends and styles of Iranian art and architecture. These effects, which were mostly seen in the residential buildings of the nobility, have occurred in all the building components from the body to the decorations. This influence was to such an extent that at the end of the Nasrid period, the architectural style of the buildings was a fusion of the traditional architecture of Iran and the West. Therefore, the question is raised, what components of western culture and architecture have influenced the physical and decorative structure of the Qajar period garden mansion in Shiraz? Therefore, in the conducted research, it is tried to investigate the influence of Western architectural art and culture on them by examining the physical and decorative features of the Qajar era gardens in Shiraz city. The combined research design used in this research is the type of alignment design and convergent model. In the qualitative part, a case study Chaharbagh mansions related to the Qajar era in Shiraz city (Eram Bagh mansion, Afifabad Bagh mansion, Narenjestan Qavam Bagh mansion and Manshibashi Bagh mansion) has been done. The relevant data were collected through the researcher's visit and observation of the structures and the registration physical and decorative features in accordance with the research question. The analysis the findings showed that in decoration component, the results qualitative and quantitative findings support each other and show that the elements of western architecture are widely used in the decorative components of these buildings. At the same time, regarding the physical component, although the qualitative findings show the significant presence of western elements in the physical architecture of these buildings, according to the respondents, western architectural elements were seen to some extent in the volume composition and elements of these buildings, but they do not have a strong presence the body of the buildings compared to the decoration components. .As mentioned earlier, the art and architecture of the Qajar era, affected by the currents modernism and the changes and developments of modernism and westernism, took on a new shape and color, and the achievements the modern era can be clearly seen in the buildings and mansions this era. to be Although the Qajar architecture is derived from the traditional architecture of Iran, especially the architecture of the Safavid and Zandiya eras, but at the end of the Qajar era, the elements western architecture can be seen in all parts of the building, especially in the appearance of the building and decorations. Even the use of new materials that were used in Europe were also used abundantly in the buildings of this period.As seen in the theoretical foundations of the research, the art and architecture of the Qajar era was influenced by the art and architecture of the West and European countries, and the trends of the modernity and developments that were the results of the Western modernity era entered Iran in different ways during this period. The art and architecture of this era had an impact. These effects can be seen in the aristocratic houses and mansions built in the big cities of Iran such as Shiraz. In this research, the effects of western art and architecture were investigated in two areas, physical and decorative, in four mansions of Bagh Eshrafi in Shiraz city. First, it was found that physical factors such as extroversion, columns, capitals, and long and wide porches are among the western elements in the examined buildings, but almost all the decorative elements in the buildings are influenced by western art and architecture. They are combined with Iranian decorations.Therefore, according to the examination of the studied samples and the issues raised, it can be said about the influence of Western art and architecture on the architecture of the Qajar period mansions that the mansions built in the city of Shiraz during the Qajar era can be the most He observed the influence of western patterns, especially in the decoration of buildings, and it was such that the closer to the end of this era, the buildings were more oriented towards western architecture. Manuscript profile

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58 - A Study on the Socio – Economic Factors Involving in Acculturation of the Students: (A Case Study of the Pre - University Students in Shiraz)
Golamreza Jafarinia Asad Khaledy

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Open Access Article

59 - Explaining the urban model of the historical context of Shiraz in order to investigate the construction of intermediate buildings in the historical context
peyman bahramifar vahid ghobadian Mahnaz mahmoodi zarandi

10.30495/jisaud.2023.1973253.1027

From the general opinions about the patterns of urban design expressed by many theorists, the evolutionary process of the concept of urban objects can be formulated in the form of 3 patterns according to different styles of urban design: 1. Aesthetic/decorative style 2. More

From the general opinions about the patterns of urban design expressed by many theorists, the evolutionary process of the concept of urban objects can be formulated in the form of 3 patterns according to different styles of urban design: 1. Aesthetic/decorative style 2. Functional/software. Model-oriented 3. Sensory/contextual model. The most important feature of "cosmetic/decorative urban body" is to understand the urban body as a two-dimensional view of the wall, and basically two-dimensional walls that rarely communicate with the surrounding spatial structure and are like a thin and luxurious dress that covers the city. It has been said that the walls in question decorate the city, cover its ugliness and in a way give beauty and art to the city. But on the other hand, the most important feature of the functional/program-oriented urban body model is to stay away from it. The concept of a two-dimensional wall is presented in the form of a three-dimensional spatial structure, and the understanding of the urban environment is usually defined as a three-dimensional object under the title of "spatial model" and finally theoretical foundations. The "perceptual/contextual urban body" can be found in postmodern theories, phenomenological studies, and environmental perception studies, which practically created a new type of aesthetics that can be called "perceptual or phenomenological aesthetics". In this body model, it is viewed not only from the eyes of the head, which is mentioned in the aesthetic/decorative and functional/program oriented urban body model, but also from the eyes of the mind and the eyes of the heart.The form obtained from the combination of the three views mentioned. In this research, the classification of urban patterns in the architecture of historical bodies in the construction of intermediate buildings in the historical context was discussed. Discussion Also, in this research, urban styles in the construction of buildings in historical context were divided into three categories of styles, based on the research of this practice, it can be said that in terms of theoretical foundations and based on the stated theories, three conceptual models of the urban body based on " decorative wall model", "space model" and "space model". There is also a fundamental difference between these three modelsIn Iran, there are no laws for the construction of intermediate buildings in the historical context, on the other hand, there is no specific program in organizations such as cultural heritage, the Ministry of Roads and Urban Development and other related organizations in the form of codified and organized laws, and all these organizations are subject to the laws. The Athens Charter states that these laws and regulations are international and do not pay attention to the local aspect; although the implementation of these laws in Iranian organizations has created a structural order in the construction of intermediate buildings; But it has been used for a long time without updating and paying attention to the canvas. Construction patterns in historical contexts are subject to many disagreements among theorists.in the following the advantages and disadvantages and opinions of other theorists have been discussed in connection with each of the implemented models and examples. It is hoped that by examining this issue, we will be able to find a specific framework for the construction of new buildings in historical contexts in different cities of Iran. Manuscript profile

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60 - Quantitative assessment of multi hazard risk (fire following earthquake) according to the method (ETA).Case: regions 1 and 6 Shiraz Municipality
Leila Eshrati Amir Mahmoodzadeh Masoud Taghvaei

Multi hazards pose a serious threat to human life. It can cause considerable damages. The evaluation of the expected losses due to multi hazards requires a risk assessment. Multi hazards risk assessment allow the identification of the most endangered areas and suggest w More

Multi hazards pose a serious threat to human life. It can cause considerable damages. The evaluation of the expected losses due to multi hazards requires a risk assessment. Multi hazards risk assessment allow the identification of the most endangered areas and suggest where further detailed studies have to be carried out.In this study, we aimed to assess the risks of multi hazard, Use of Quantitative event tree analysis in physical and human vulnerability assessment and risk mapping final (fire following earthquake). Analysis of data collected according to a combination of descriptive research and quantitative analysis. Quantitative risk assessment based on the Quantitative event tree analysis and HAZUS software. Domino effect in multi hazard vulnerability assessment based on event tree analysis. Two types of hazards will be assessed, namely earthquake, and fire following earthquake. The study estimated the direct physical vulnerability of buildings, Essential facilities And vulnerability to human (The casualties). The results show that the Study Area Most of the buildings in the study area (74%) has a low level of risk, "risk levels less than 10,000", 23.9% of the buildings in the study area has a moderate level of risk, "risk levels between 10,000 and 1,000,000" and finally (1.9%) buildings with an area of 639,660.47 square meters has a high-risk "risk levels than 1,000,000". Manuscript profile

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61 - The Analysis of Conceptual Metaphor of Zephyr (Saba Wind) in Hafiz Poetry
Khodabakhsh Asadollahi Jahandoost Sabzalipour

Through the theory of conceptual metaphor, Lakoff and Johnson showed that metaphors originate from the mind and reach the language and as long as there are no conceptual changes in the mind, no metaphors are created. Persian literature, with a large body of available re More

Through the theory of conceptual metaphor, Lakoff and Johnson showed that metaphors originate from the mind and reach the language and as long as there are no conceptual changes in the mind, no metaphors are created. Persian literature, with a large body of available resources, includes a treasure of numerous conceptual metaphors. The current study uses a cognitive approach and investigates one of the important metaphors in the Persian literature, namely the “Zephyr is human” metaphor. The main research question investigates how Zephyr is conceptualized in Persian language. The data for this study is gathered from divan of Hafez. Analysis of the data indicated that Zephyr in Persian literature is conceptually portrayed as a lover/healer/veiled/patient listener/ secretive human as well as a human who is gossiper/ sick/ liar/ rival and unfaithful. By comparing the dual personality and selfishness of Zephyr (Baad-e-Saba) in Persian poems, one can reach the conclusion that Zephyr (Bad-e-Saba) is probably a remaining visage of ancient Iranian god of Vayu. Manuscript profile

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62 - Ups and Downs of ‘the Beloved’ from Saadi Shirazi’s Ghazal to Vahshi Bafqi’s Vasukht
Masoumeh Mohamadnejad Fayezeh Joneidy Farahnaz Nemati Holasou

Love is one of the most fundamental subjects in Persian poetry and its platonic and romantic types in poems of different poets have created excellent themes and beautiful interpretations. Love in lyric works where the author manifests his inner feelings and emotions is More

Love is one of the most fundamental subjects in Persian poetry and its platonic and romantic types in poems of different poets have created excellent themes and beautiful interpretations. Love in lyric works where the author manifests his inner feelings and emotions is the principal matter and ‘the beloved’ takes the leading and decisive role and in fact is deemed as the central role in lyric literature. Saadi Shirazi is a love poet, too who composes his poems about love and life, with the beloved being the most significant theme in his ghazals (a poem with a fixed number of verses having a repeated rhyme which is typically about the theme of love.) Vahshi Bafqi is also a love poet. However, these two poets view ‘the beloved’ differently and the aim of this paper is to shed light on manifestation of love and the beloved in ghazals of Saadi Shirazi and poems of Vahshi Bafqi. This paper studied love and reflection thereof in literature, nature of love, different types of love, and characteristics of the beloved in ghazals and ghazal composing. At the next step, the beloved and its characteristics in Saadi Shirazi’s ghazals and in Occurrence school (a school in Persian poetry emerged in the first quarter of the tenth century) and poems of Vahshi Bafqi were explored. The beloved in Saadi’s ghazals has a transcendent position which occasionally approximates God, as depicted in Persian poetry; however, it is mostly a romantic beloved. In Saadi’s ghazals, the lover is always utterly submitted to the beloved and evidence courtesy; whereas, in most of Vahshi’s ghazals, contrary to the established poetic custom of ghazal, the lover averts his eyes from the beloved and no longer yearns for the beloved’ coquetry and goes after another beloved. Manuscript profile

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63 - Upon Whatever You Touch and Hafez’s Sight, He Swears: A Review on a Couplet by Hafez
Farzad Rostami

One of the controversial verses of Hafez's poem is the verse "I swear by the dirt at your feet and the light seen by Hafez/ that I did not see any light without your face in the lamp of eyes". Regarding this verse from Hafez's Diwan, which is included in the edition of More

One of the controversial verses of Hafez's poem is the verse "I swear by the dirt at your feet and the light seen by Hafez/ that I did not see any light without your face in the lamp of eyes". Regarding this verse from Hafez's Diwan, which is included in the edition of Allameh Muhammad Qazvini's interpretation, there are differences of opinion regarding whether Hafez swears by the dust of your feet and the light of his vision is swearing by one thing or swearing by two things. In this article, the collective comments of the experts have been presented by mentioning the evidence of the poets' poems for detailed examination and analysis in order to answer this issue. The research method is a descriptive-analytical one, which was carried out by referring to scientific sources and poetic evidence from the greats of Persian literature and in a library method. The result of the research shows that contrary to the opinion of the commentators, the light of sight means the light of the eyes, not dear and beloved. Manuscript profile

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64 - Assessment of Climate Tourism in City Shiraz Using Physiologic Equivalence Temperature and Predicted Mean Vote Indexes
Abbas Ali Arvin Kobra Shojaeezadeh

Weather plays an important role as an agent of the natural environment Human activities, especially tourism plays. At This study was conducted to evaluate the climatic conditions of the city's tourist Shiraz ،Shiraz synoptic meteorological data station a 16-year period More

Weather plays an important role as an agent of the natural environment Human activities, especially tourism plays. At This study was conducted to evaluate the climatic conditions of the city's tourist Shiraz ،Shiraz synoptic meteorological data station a 16-year period (2005-1990) are used. The method used to assess climate comfort, physiological equivalent temperature index and middle surveys are anticipated. The results show that the highest climatic conditions for leisure and tourism activities in the city in two distinct periods in mid-spring (May) and early autumn (October) is located. Continued from June to August average heat stress and cold stress in different crops by the end of November, during the winter months is a factor to limit tourism. Others for months of warm heat a little bit cool, of temperature and humidity relatively are suitable for tourism so the city about 5 months of the year there is a favorable climate for tourism and visitor. Manuscript profile

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65 - The study of the main rtheme and its development in shirazi dialect
mphamad moradi

The local literature that has various time and places it consists different and special characteristics. One of the places for study on different aspects in local languaes and dialects is the poem criticism which has been composed there. The Shirazi poem that nearly has More

The local literature that has various time and places it consists different and special characteristics. One of the places for study on different aspects in local languaes and dialects is the poem criticism which has been composed there. The Shirazi poem that nearly has been composed 800 years ago and with respect to the quality and quantity of its works espeacialy in 8th and 9th centuries of Hejrah and in the cntemporary time is a good domain for investigation and study in local literature. In this paper it has been tried to recognize the prosodist rtheme of two old poets- shams pos naser and Shahdaee Shirazi – and five fars contemporary poets- Bijan Samandar, Yadolah Taremi, Ahad Dehbozorgi, Siroos Dadras and Mohamad Hassan Shafaat- and introduce the main theme of shirazi dialect especialy Ghazal Rhythm. They are compared with the the contemoprary types of Farsi poems and they also are compared with the similarities and differences to them. In addition, the development of the Ghazal in 8th century of Hejrah to contemporary with tables and samples are introduced. Manuscript profile

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66 - Investigating the relationship between social capital and environmental behavior of Shiraz residents
Asghar Mirfardi Dorna Salamatian

A series of environmental issues, especially in metropolis, make it necessary to Consider environmental issues. This study aimed to investigate the environmental behavior of residents aged 18 and older in Shiraz and its relationship with social capital and gender. Using More

A series of environmental issues, especially in metropolis, make it necessary to Consider environmental issues. This study aimed to investigate the environmental behavior of residents aged 18 and older in Shiraz and its relationship with social capital and gender. Using the survey method, a structured questionnaire used for data collection. The study sample was 1045 residents of Shiraz that selected using a multi-stage cluster random sampling method. The factor analysis and Cronbach's alpha used to evaluate the validity and reliability of the questionnaire, respectively. The results of the research showed that according to the coefficient of correlation (0.246) at the 99% significance level, there is a positive and significant relationship between the environmental behavior and social capital of the residents of Shiraz metropolis and their environmental behavior at the 99% level. Dimensions of social capital (social cohesion, normality, social trust, social participation and social interaction) also had a positive and significant relationship with environmental behavior. There was no significant relationship between interpersonal trust and social capital. Age also showed a positive and significant relationship with environmental behavior (p. value = 0.000). There was a significant difference at the level of 95% in the environmental citizenship of men and women. women had a stronger responsible environmental behavior. Developing and implementing policies that strengthen social capital to pursue collective interests such as the environment is an undeniable necessity. Manuscript profile

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67 - Evaluating the Level of Citizens' Satisfaction with the Performance of Urban Management in Field of Urban Services (Case Study: District Two of Shiraz Municipality)
tara heidari orojloo PARISA MOSHKSAR FATEMEH GHANBARI

10.30495/uf.2023.1983252.1113

Urban services are considered as a tool of urban management and the main factor in the continuation of urban life, without which the citizens' lives will cease to function. Optimal and principled distribution of urban services in accordance with the wishes of the people More

Urban services are considered as a tool of urban management and the main factor in the continuation of urban life, without which the citizens' lives will cease to function. Optimal and principled distribution of urban services in accordance with the wishes of the people is of great importance in the process of urban planning. In this research, it is tried to measure the level of citizens' satisfaction with the performance of urban management in the field of urban services in the two cities of Shiraz, so that with a proper understanding of the issue, basic strategies and solutions can be developed to improve and strengthen the performance of urban management in the field of services and increase It provided the satisfaction of the citizens of this region. The research method from the point of view of the practical purpose and from the aspect of the nature and method, due to the fact that it seeks to evaluate the level of satisfaction of citizens with the performance of urban management in the area of urban services in Region 2 of Shiraz Municipality, it is descriptive and in terms of time, it is a cross-sectional research type. come The statistical population of the research, based on the 2015 census, includes 178,116 citizens living in Region 2. The research sample is based on Cochran's formula, 384 people. The research collection tool is the questionnaire. The research collection tool is the questionnaire. The questions of the questionnaire are organized according to the objectives. After the necessary collection, the collected raw data was entered into the spss software and finally, based on the raw data entered into the software, the information from the questionnaires was obtained in two parts, descriptive and inferential. The results show that all three components of public services (with an average of 2.515), technical services (with an average of 2.385) and cultural services (with an average of 2.088) had a weak situation, and this means that the satisfaction of citizens towards They are weak. Examining the rank average of the Friedman test shows that the highest average rank was related to the index of the status of construction supervision, then the index of the status of public transportation and the index of the status of public green spaces. Also, the lowest rank was related to the index of the state of public health services and then the index of the state of people's participation. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

68 - Identification of suitable areas for the presence of the elderly in urban areas using the AHP-Fuzzy model with emphasis on the environment-oriented psychology (Sample of Shiraz District 8)
ehsan amini sadegh seidbeigi sadegh ebrahimi Amir bakhshi

10.30495/uf.2023.1975277.1074

Forecasts for the next 40 years predict an increase in the elderly population more than other age groups. Thus, the number of people aged 60 and over as a proportion of the world's population is projected to more than double, from 880 million in 2012 to 2 billion by 205 More

Forecasts for the next 40 years predict an increase in the elderly population more than other age groups. Thus, the number of people aged 60 and over as a proportion of the world's population is projected to more than double, from 880 million in 2012 to 2 billion by 2050. The largest increase is projected in the 80-year-old class and above. The number of centenarians is growing even faster and is projected to increase tenfold, from approximately 343,000 in 2012 to 3.2 million by 2050. One of the groups that need further study in urban areas is the elderly group. In fact, moving towards urban adaptation for the elderly is a kind of movement towards urban sustainability. Accordingly, in this study, suitable spaces for the presence of the elderly with the approach of geriatric psychology using the AHP-Fuzzy model in the 8th district of Shiraz have been identified. Research method in this research in terms of results and consequences of research of a fundamental-strategic type and in terms of implementation process; Quantitatively and logically, reasoning is of the type of deductive research, and also in terms of time is part of cross-sectional research and in terms of purpose is analytical research. The statistical population includes the elderly of District 8, which is equal to 2477 people, and the sample size according to Cochran's formula is 285 people. The data used were collected using a questionnaire and connected to the fishnet network, and the AHP model was used for weighting, which had the highest weight in terms of physical environment and personal and social characteristics. After applying the obtained weight on the fuzzy maps, the layers were superimposed using the five fuzzy functions, which was selected as the final map according to the evaluation of the gamma function model to identify suitable places for the presence of the elderly. Manuscript profile

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69 - Comparative study of educational poems attributed to Imam Reza (as) With Saadi Shirazi's educational poems with an intertextual theory approach
Faroogh Nemati Seyedeh Somayeh Mosavi Salem Ayoob Moradi

10.30495/pars.2021.686127

Analysis examines the relationship between a text and other earlier or contemporary texts with an "intertextual" approach. Intertextuality was one of Julia Cristova's innovations, which was later expanded with the research of Gerard Genet and found several sub-branches. More

Analysis examines the relationship between a text and other earlier or contemporary texts with an "intertextual" approach. Intertextuality was one of Julia Cristova's innovations, which was later expanded with the research of Gerard Genet and found several sub-branches. Educational literature seeks to teach moral and educational points in a way that is one of the most important areas of education in the context of the goals of human growth and excellence. Imam Reza (AS), who is the embodiment of the most beautiful and highest moral manifestations, by examining his poems, we find that the poetry of that Imam (AS) is tied to the rules and concepts of teaching and morality. Meanwhile, Saadi Shirazi, whose garden and orchard are the mainstay of all educational literature in the field of ancient Persian poetry, has included many moral-educational themes in his poems. What can be considered in comparing the educational poems of Imam Reza (AS) with the educational themes in Saadi's poems is very similar to these poems; It is as if Saadi, after a few centuries, has repeated the moral messages of that Imam (as) again with other words. In this research, the author tries to use the theory of intertextuality, while emphasizing the educational and moral themes in Imam Reza's (AS) poems, to discuss the similarities and commonalities of Saadi's educational poems with Razavi's poems and pass it on. Educational literature to examine and   Manuscript profile

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70 - Andarz Nameh, a newly found treatise from Besmel Shirazi
ahmadreza Yalameha

Andarz Nameh is a general title for books, and treatises which pay to the wisdom, moral instructions, educational and religious advices that constitutes a large part of didactic literature. The basis of these works is on ethics and their subjects are moral style of livi More

Andarz Nameh is a general title for books, and treatises which pay to the wisdom, moral instructions, educational and religious advices that constitutes a large part of didactic literature. The basis of these works is on ethics and their subjects are moral style of living, and ways of dealing with people. The structure of Andarz Nameh is also various and composed of three framework of prose, poetry and prose advices. Although many pre-Islamic advices have been recognized, a complete list of this type hasn’t been formulated and there are still many unknown Andarz Nameh. One of these Andarz Nameh is Ali Akbar Navab Shirazi Andarz Nameh, great poet and literary man of 13th century known as Besmel. This literary work is in form of three manuscripts and picture, which is still in the central library of Tehran university and hasn’t edited or published yet.  This research paper firstly looks briefly at writing Andarz Nameh in the Persian literature and then introduces the remaining manuscript copy of Ali Akbar Navab Shirazi Andarz Nameh along with a short analysis of it. Manuscript profile

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71 - The Thunder of Revolt A study on the different manifestations of sins in Hafez’s Poetry
hassan Bassak

Sin is one of the new aspects Hafez has had in his poetry. It is not possible to present a clear outlook on different aspects of sin without a comprehensive look on his poetry. Hafez’s consideration on various aspects of the matter is of high value. He believes th More

Sin is one of the new aspects Hafez has had in his poetry. It is not possible to present a clear outlook on different aspects of sin without a comprehensive look on his poetry. Hafez’s consideration on various aspects of the matter is of high value. He believes that the aptitude to sin is gifted in human being, so it is eternal and belongs to human destiny. It shows that human being tends to chaos although repent is an opportunity for him to gain spiritual evolution within himself. Human challenges with sin and narrating his conditions through Hafez bring a lot of questions and ambiguities about Hafez and his poetry. Considering adherence or non-adherence in Hafez and his belief in religious values provide lots of different perspectives on him to make superficial and sinful understanding of Hafez’s poetry. In Hafez’s view, the ability to sin does not mean the permission of blame, but it represents the belief that sin will not hurt religion. Therefore, Hafez assumes pretending sin against the proud of innocence – which emphasizes on its incorrectness – in the world of poetry. Pretending sin is the main point in Hafez’s poetry. It is on the opposite side of those pretending purity. To avoid the second group, Hafez tries to distance them to show he does not follow them. He knows innocent plaintiffs as real sinful individuals whose understanding is blur through proud and selfishness. According to Hafez, if piety and asceticism are considered as means of gaining value or to be considered magnificently in austere view, they will lose their values and worthiness. One of the most crucial factors in Hafez’s idea towards sin is his positive understanding of human relationship with God and his dependence on His commiseration. Through presenting his idea, Hafez tries to challenge those who not only claim their purity, but also cherish hypocrisy and selfishness. Hafez fights with insincerity and deceitfulness. Based on thought and philosophy taken from Hafez’s poetry, the present article investigates the educational aspects of revolt and sin. Therefore, sin expression of Hafez, pure libertinism and rebuking, avoidance of unity with hypocrites as well as mysticism and worthiness were analyzed through religion, morality and immorality, sin outcome and the effects of purity, sin and human willingness and finally God approbation.   Manuscript profile

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72 - Sa'di's Sidestepping from Taking Advice Unlike His Habit
Mahboobe Moslemizadeh

Advice, in any kind and purpose, shows the direction of man's thoughts toward the improvement of his life's conditions and obtaining prosperity. Sa'di, the Iranian supreme moral poet, whenever begins to give advice, talks so delicately, tenderly and firmly; his advices More

Advice, in any kind and purpose, shows the direction of man's thoughts toward the improvement of his life's conditions and obtaining prosperity. Sa'di, the Iranian supreme moral poet, whenever begins to give advice, talks so delicately, tenderly and firmly; his advices have been imitated during his next periods. The question of this article is that some Sa'di Ghazals, contrary to his other works that have made him well known for his teachings and experiences contains sidestepping from taking advice, in these ghazals, he not only avoids advice instead of advising his addressed, but also requests the adviser not to recommend him anymore, because he is involved in an incurable sickness i.e. the madness of love that is not match with the wisdom, and the advice which origins from the wisdom, has no opportunity to affect him. The method of this research is study and analysis; the conclusion is extracting and analyzing verses in which Sa'di avoids frankly any wisdom and taking advice but does not deviate from morality at all and emphasizes that in any case he takes advice except for love in which he cannot accept any recommendation on having patience for his beloved even in return for suffering hardships.  Manuscript profile

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73 - Components of Didactic Genre in the Azhari Shirazi’s Resale-ye Kamal (Treaties of Perfection)
Fariba Chini Fatemeh Sadat Taheri

10.30495/pars.2022.690813

Budaq Azhari Shirazi, an unknown poet of the tenth and eleventh centuries AH, has a poetic collection of 10,385 lines, which he called Resale-ye Kamal (Treaties of Perfection). The present article studies the didactic factors in Azhari’s poems. By using a descript More

Budaq Azhari Shirazi, an unknown poet of the tenth and eleventh centuries AH, has a poetic collection of 10,385 lines, which he called Resale-ye Kamal (Treaties of Perfection). The present article studies the didactic factors in Azhari’s poems. By using a descriptive-analytical method based on Azhari’s poems, the researchers also attempt to answer what didactic teachings are in Azhari’s Resale-ye Kamal and what methods did the poet use to explain them? Through answering this question, the researchers argue that praising the Prophet’s family and Imams, the eulogy of the Safavid sultans, virtual love, the description of life events, satire and sarcasm are the main themes of Azhari's poetry. Like many previous poets, the poet advises and teaches goodness (affirmative education) to his specific and general audience, or forbids them from ugliness and evil (negative education). He has done it sometimes independently and sometimes in the midst of other literary themes and forms. Azhari teaches his educations to the audience either in the direct or in the indirect ways which includes using the devices of storytelling, abstraction, allusion to Quran verses and stories, allegories and genomic verse, hymn, oath, complaint, redundancies, satire and fables.  Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

74 - Evaluating the Components of Social and Economic Resilience against earthquake in the 3rd Municipal District of Shiraz City
Parisa Moshksar Yaghoob Peyvastehgar Ali Shamsoddini

Today, local communities are struggling to find conditions that will allow them to return quickly to the pre-crisis situation in the event of a crisis. In recent years, emphasis has been placed on the issue of resilience rather than vulnerability. resilience is the abil More

Today, local communities are struggling to find conditions that will allow them to return quickly to the pre-crisis situation in the event of a crisis. In recent years, emphasis has been placed on the issue of resilience rather than vulnerability. resilience is the ability of a system to absorb perturbation, or the magnitude of disturbance that can be absorbed before a system changes its structure by changing the variables. Shiraz is located in the Zagros seismic zone with high seismicity. Considering the importance of existing land uses in the 3rd municipal district of Shiraz city, the aim of this study was an evaluation of social and economic resilience in this district. This applied research is using descriptive and analytical methods. The indicators of social and economic resilience were identified from the literature, and then data were collected through a field study using questionnaires. Data were analysed using multiple linear regression and feedforward multilayer perceptron artificial neural network. Linear regression indicated that a decrease in share of income spent on necessities could result in an increase in social and economic resilience of the households under study. Neural network analysis revealed that social capital and employment recovery are the most and least effective factors. In the population under study, social component, was the most important determinant of resilience. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

75 - Analysis on the role of Social Capital in Capacity Building of Shairaz Brand (Case Study: District 2 of Shiraz)
Majid Rahmani karim Hosseinzadeh dalir Mohammadreza Pakdelfard

Introduction: Social capital includes aspects of social structure that facilitate collective action and mobilize resources. James Coleman believes that projecting social capital as recourse is one of the ways to introduce social structure in to the paradigm of rational More

Introduction: Social capital includes aspects of social structure that facilitate collective action and mobilize resources. James Coleman believes that projecting social capital as recourse is one of the ways to introduce social structure in to the paradigm of rational action. City branding is the representation of this action in the field of cultural economy actors of the city which is a collective consequence and necessity arising from the complexities from the field of globalization, financial capitalism and Hollywood cinema.Research Aime: general explanation and theoretical understanding of social capital and city branding, explanation and reasoning of the role of social capital and social network in capacity building of the production of city brand, evaluation of the social capital in the scale of street, neighborhood and whole city in second district of municipality, evaluation the effect of multi level social capital in capacity building of "Shiraz brand".Methodology: The research method is descriptive- analytical. Three- level scale of street, neighborhood and the whole city of 2 district of Shiraz municipality has been considered to measure social capital.Studied Areas: 2 district of municipality of is one of the eight districts of Shiraz municipality that placed in the south and west of the historical context and it extends along Modares and Abuzar axes to the western borders of the Shiraz airport. Its area is over 1680 hec and currently it has population of 178000 people.     Results: Shiraz is the city of Hafez's poetry. The representation of collective spirit in the literacy of city and romantic poetry and pre- branding of Shiraz. This article is looking for urban creations and capacity building such as business and brand through the reproduction of social capital in the 2 district of Shiraz municipality.Conclusion: The results of the research indicate that the structural reproduction and capacity building of Shiraz brand is in the international context with the social capital of people. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

76 - THE DESIGN OF A MODEL FOR THE GREEN HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT (CASE STUDY: EXECUTIVE ORGANS OF THE CITY OF SHIRAZ)
Hamidreza Mohammadi masoud pourkiani Sanjar Solajegheh Saeed Sayyadi Hamidreza Malayi

The objective of this research is to design a model for the green human resource management. The components of the green human resource management were identified through exploratory studies and a survey of experts. The statistical population of the study includes: The More

The objective of this research is to design a model for the green human resource management. The components of the green human resource management were identified through exploratory studies and a survey of experts. The statistical population of the study includes: The first group consists of experts, where the comments of 26 people were used to design the model. The second group consists of employees of executive organs in the city of Shiraz, 732 of whom were selected as samples. The current study is descriptive research that is conducted by the survey method. In this research, SPSS and AMOS software were used to analyze the data. The findings of the study, while confirming the proposed model, showed that: The components of the green human resource management include: Green Human Resources Management Perspectives, Green Analysis and Design of Career, Green Planning of Human Resources, Green Recruitment and Employment, Sociability and Green Relationships, Green Education and Capability Development, Green Partnership and Cooperation, Green Maintenance of Human Resources, Green Service Compensation, Green Performance Assessment, Discipline, Empowerment, Green Motivation, Green Power and Discretion, Talent Management, Support and Commitment of Senior Managers, Teamwork, Work Relationships, Green Development, Green Administrative Processes, Green Communication and Employee Collaboration. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

77 - Biostratigraphy of Kazhdumi Formation in Naghsh-e- Rostam Mountain
Mahnaz Parvaneh Nejad Shirazi Shahin Ghahramani Ali Kheradmand

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Open Access Article

78 - Conservation of vakil historic bazaar of Shiraz based on revitalization of Valuable traditions
hossein bahrololoom Alireza Razeghi

Due to the variety of usage of historical bazaar of Shiraz such as economical, social, cultural and even communicative dimensions, it includes many different structures; all of which need conservation. In fact paying enough attention to both tangible and intangible aspe More

Due to the variety of usage of historical bazaar of Shiraz such as economical, social, cultural and even communicative dimensions, it includes many different structures; all of which need conservation. In fact paying enough attention to both tangible and intangible aspects and dimensions of the structure plays a crucial role in conserving the identity and cultural authenticity of the complex. This process has often been neglected or considered only in structural dimensions.The current study aims at presenting a comprehensive understanding of the traditional system of historical bazaar of Shiraz and its related values and traditions, emphasizing on the previous weaknesses. In order to meet the realization of the comprehensive conservation, this study relies on the gathered data and moves in line with revitalization plan of the above named values. Using historical interpretation strategy through the study of the documented references, interviews and field observations, this study compares the historical-cultural traditions and their relevant structures in the historical bazaar of Shiraz; therefore studies the current changes in the field.These valuable traditions, according to their similar nature, were classified under five main categories include cultural, social, management, economic and corporal traditions and after analysis and aggregation, were resulted to the main revitalization strategies.The authentic identity and integrated and comprehensive conservation plan of the historical bazaar of Shiraz will be guaranteed under the case that the above named Strategy, with an emphasis on structural dimensions, are taken into consideration and are implemented by preservation custodians. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

79 - The tradition of the science of derivation in the history and dignity of Shirazi and the reflection of Quranic and mystical themes in it
Hamid Khodaparast Mehdi Famoori Mohammad Reza Masoumi

The subject of this book is the ancient history of Iran based on the traditions of the past. Waqar Shirazi, in addition to the book, has considered the tradition of derivation, as it is mentioned in the ancient tradition, and in fact, has turned to the influence of the More

The subject of this book is the ancient history of Iran based on the traditions of the past. Waqar Shirazi, in addition to the book, has considered the tradition of derivation, as it is mentioned in the ancient tradition, and in fact, has turned to the influence of the texts of the past as a kind of vulgar jurisprudence. In this book, a brief review of the history of the ancient kings of Iran according to the ancient Iranian tradition and quoting their words and rulings. While describing the events, Waqar has used sentences and phrases that are inspired by Quranic verses, hadiths and mystical teachings. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

80 - Mystical Symbolism in "Bokaeiya ela Hafez Al- Shirazi": The Influence of Hafez on Abdolvahab al-Bayati
Mohsen Seifi Mahvash Hasanpour

  Islamic mysticism has the power to express indirectly and symbolically the truths and Muslim poets have used this power. The present article tries to study the poem of “Bokaeiya ela Hafez Al- Shirazi”, composed by Abdolvahab al-Bayati, and to compare More

  Islamic mysticism has the power to express indirectly and symbolically the truths and Muslim poets have used this power. The present article tries to study the poem of “Bokaeiya ela Hafez Al- Shirazi”, composed by Abdolvahab al-Bayati, and to compare it with the mystical symbols used in Hafez's poems. Based on the principles of French school of comparative literature and analytical-descriptive method, the authors have come to this conclusion that Bayati has used some of mystical symbols of Hafez's poems, symbols like cup, bowl, wine, fawn, cage, and wine – house. For both poets, nature is a suitable space for meditation on the nature of God; they have chosen their symbols from the elements of the nature. In other words, Hafez and Bayati used these symbols not in their real meaning but only in their figurative meaning. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

81 - Exploring the Types of 'Sahv' in the Mystical Worldview of Ruzbehan Baqli Shirazi
fatemeh toobaie Mohammad Yusuf Nayyeri

The term "Sahv" (spiritual sobriety) is referenced in the teachings of Bayazid Bastami and Junayd of Baghdad. Ruzbehan Baqli Shirazi, akin to many Sufi masters and elders, has explored this concept along his spiritual journey (suluk), delving into its nuances and pres More

The term "Sahv" (spiritual sobriety) is referenced in the teachings of Bayazid Bastami and Junayd of Baghdad. Ruzbehan Baqli Shirazi, akin to many Sufi masters and elders, has explored this concept along his spiritual journey (suluk), delving into its nuances and presenting a fresh perspective on Sahv. This study elucidates the precise meaning of Sahv within the mystical framework of Ruzbahan, categorizing its types, exploring their origins, and delineating their implications within his his intellectual system. Notably, a unique form of Sahv is introduced, exclusive to Ruzbehan Baqli and hitherto unmentioned in Sufi discourse, termed "Ruzbehanian sahv". This form occurs in the spiritual realm of "ain jam" (essence of unity), where one retains sobriety amidst a state of intoxication, exhibiting awareness of this paradoxical state and exercising control over it. Ruzbehan attributes the emergence of this distinct sobriety to the experience of "pure unification" and the spiritual stage of "ain jama", highlighting its divergent outcomes such as unity with the eternal Beloved, expression of ecstatic utterances (shatahāt), and comprehension of Manṭiq-uṭ-Ṭayr - the enigmatic language exchanged between God and prophets/saints. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

82 - Burning the Clock
Khadijeh Hajiyān Saeed Bozorge-Beigdeli

Kherqeh-pushi (wearing the clock) is a customary ritual in Sufism. This ritual is usually accompanied with kherqeh-andakhtan (dedicating the clock) or takhriqe-kherqeh (tearing the clock) and kherqeh-az-sar-beh-dar-avrdan or kherqeh-az-sar-bar-kashidan (underssing the c More

Kherqeh-pushi (wearing the clock) is a customary ritual in Sufism. This ritual is usually accompanied with kherqeh-andakhtan (dedicating the clock) or takhriqe-kherqeh (tearing the clock) and kherqeh-az-sar-beh-dar-avrdan or kherqeh-az-sar-bar-kashidan (underssing the clock). Kherqeh-andakhtan (dedicating the clock) used to occur often in the state of ecstasy (vajd) and especially Sema. kherqeh-az-sar-beh-dar-avrdan (underssing the clock), besides that happens when two Sufis wish to do away with misunderstandings. Similarly, Kherqeh-az-sar-bar-kashidan (underssing the clock) was a way of punishing the culprit Sufi in Khangah. It seems that there is a connection between kherqeh-pushi (wearing the clock) and kherqeh-suzi (burning the clock), even though there was no citable and valid evidence about it in Sufi texts. Kherqeh-suzi (burning the clock) has a widespread use in mystical poems, as in the poems of Attār Neishapouri, Saadi, Mulavi, Qasem Anvar, Fakhredin Araqi and especially Hafez. By considering Kherqeh-pushi, the present article, tries to analyze the concept of kherqeh-suzi (burning the clock) in mystical texts, especially in the works of Attar and Hafez. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

83 - Criticism of translations of Holy Quran ''Five Excited Translators: Ayati, Hadad Adel, Khorramshahi, Fooladvand and Makarem Shirazi + Author"
Mohammad Hassan Taqiyeh

The translation of holy and religious texts, especially the Holy Qur'an, requires three pillars: a) language expertise; b) professionalism in translation; Undoubtedly, there is no standard language and prose, more translations are customized, more translators from the Q More

The translation of holy and religious texts, especially the Holy Qur'an, requires three pillars: a) language expertise; b) professionalism in translation; Undoubtedly, there is no standard language and prose, more translations are customized, more translators from the Qur'an than one-language or bilingual, borrowed from word to meaning, and dumb and inaudible, including the problems of translation of the Holy Quran. Certainly, the Holy Qur'an itself has no"ambiguity". If in the translation of other texts, such as literary and scientific texts, a mistake occurs, it is ultimately a mistake, but in the translation of religious texts, especially the Holy Qur'an, the subject is different. Revelation, direct connection with the beliefs of the religionists and the fact that the Quran has been different from other texts. In this research work, the researcher selected the translation of verses from the Holy Qur'an from five prominent Iranian translators: Ayati, Haddad Adil, Khoramshahi, Puladabad and Makarem Shirazi. He then translated his translation into the end of the translations for not only criticizing others. Meanwhile, a reminder of a translation for each of Mubarak's verses is to open the hands of the audience to the translation of a more fluent and eloquent version by offering different translations. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

84 - Studying How Taghi Danesh's Style is Influenced from Hafez Shirazi
Rajab Tohidiyan

Abstract         Taghi Danesh , one of the poets, scholars and writers of Ghajar's last period and early period of Pahlavi dynasty followed the poetic style of the previous poets in the second half of the 8th century and early period More

Abstract         Taghi Danesh , one of the poets, scholars and writers of Ghajar's last period and early period of Pahlavi dynasty followed the poetic style of the previous poets in the second half of the 8th century and early period of 9th century, was specifically under the impact of Hafez Shirazi's poems and tenets. This affectability from Hafez can be discussed in three significant stylistic aspects: Poems which the poet, by imitating the style of the late 8th century and early the 9th century, he has followed Hafez poetry in external melody (meter and prosody) , marginal melody ( rhyme and alignment ) or phonologic level in the same way; and he has also dealt with the meter, rhyme and alignment of Hafez poetry with other meanings, themes ; and finally he has benefited from language and vocabulary and their combinations and expressions of Hafez's Diwan (book of poetry). We have tried , in this article, to discuss the three levels mentioned issues in Taghi Danesh's poetry by bringing samples and evidences from other poets. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

85 - Investigation and evaluation of urban resilience against flood risks (case study of district 3 of Shiraz city) Abstract
Mohamadrasul Parvari مرضیه موغلی mohammad ebrahim afifi

Purpose the purpose of this research is to investigate and analyze the state of resilience against flood hazards in District 3 of Shiraz. The present research has been done by combining objective data taken from statistical documents and written reports as well as quest More

Purpose the purpose of this research is to investigate and analyze the state of resilience against flood hazards in District 3 of Shiraz. The present research has been done by combining objective data taken from statistical documents and written reports as well as questionnaire data from surveys. The statistical sample of the research is 30 professionals involved in crisis management and resilience in District 3 of Shiraz Municipality. The sample volume was determined using the theoretical saturation method and the snowball method was used for sampling. In order to determine the weight of indicators and their importance in resilience using Shannon's entropy method Also, in order to evaluate the resilience of the studied areas, the copperas method has been used. The results of the surveys show that in four dimensions (physical, economic, social and institutional) Areas 6 and 5 have better performance in terms of resilience And areas 7 and 2 have poor performance in flood resilience variables. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

86 - Imāmzādih Hossein ibn Musā's Tomb: A Historical Study
mohammad bagheri حمیدرضا ثنائی

Imamzadeh Hossein ibn Musa, one of the sons of Imam Musa Kazem (AS), lived in the second half of the second century AH and the first half of the third century AH. According to the reports of many sources about his burial, the question arises as to where he was buried. T More

Imamzadeh Hossein ibn Musa, one of the sons of Imam Musa Kazem (AS), lived in the second half of the second century AH and the first half of the third century AH. According to the reports of many sources about his burial, the question arises as to where he was buried. This research, using a descriptive-analytical method, first explains the reports of many sources about his burial and then analyzes and considers their authenticity. The available reports mention his burial in cities such as Shiraz, Behbahan, Jopar Kerman, Kufa, Dezful and Tabas. The result indicates that the tomb of Imamzadeh is most likely located in the city of Tabas. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

87 - The role of allusive simile in the lyrical structure of Hamidi Shirazi ‘s poetry
Mostafa Mostafa Erfani Mehdi Mahoozi

Among the contemporary traditional poets in the domain of lyrical literature, in form and in structure, in meaning and content Mehdi Hamidi Shirazi has unique style.  In all his works “ashk –e Ma’shough” in particular, every linguistic term, More

Among the contemporary traditional poets in the domain of lyrical literature, in form and in structure, in meaning and content Mehdi Hamidi Shirazi has unique style.  In all his works “ashk –e Ma’shough” in particular, every linguistic term, literary device, meter, music of poetry, diction, figurative construction, imagery, form and structure is at the service of element of emotion.  In this research attempt is made to study the construction method of his imageries which is the employment of variety of allusive similes such as mythological, epic, religious, romantic and historical ones. He uses such elements to reveal his emotional feelings in the most passionate construction and apart from figurative foregrounding, he has breathed a new life to these structures.  The appropriate connection between these allegorical and allusive elements and the flow of love between him and his beloved is the characteristic feature of his poetry. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

88 - Who is the author of Noruznameh?
Mohammad Bayat Mokhtari Mohammad Ghafouri Far

Among books and treaties ascribed to Khayyam, there is a treatise in the name of Noruznameh which has been ascribed to Khayyam since the antiquity.  Mojtaba Minovi in 1312 published it in the name of Khayyam and in its introduction, he has recognized no one as wort More

Among books and treaties ascribed to Khayyam, there is a treatise in the name of Noruznameh which has been ascribed to Khayyam since the antiquity.  Mojtaba Minovi in 1312 published it in the name of Khayyam and in its introduction, he has recognized no one as worthy of the title author but Khayyam.  Shortly afterwards certain individuals such as Minoverski, the renowned orientalist due to certain reasons opposed to the idea, till Mohsen Farzaneh in the article he wrote in Ayandeh magazine claimed that the author of Noruznameh is not Khayyam but is a person in the name of Kaykhosrow shirazi.  While studying Jamali’s Farrokhnameh, written by Abubakr Motahar Jamali yazdi in the year 580 Hj, Farzaneh realized certain similarities in phrases of the book with that of Noruznameh which the writer quoted on the behalf of Kaykhosrow Shirazi.  Based on a few similarities between the two, Farzaneh believes that the writer of Noruznameh is Kaykhosrow Shirazi but he also writes that apart from Farokhnameh he has not come across this name and that he does not know who he really is.  In this article Farzaneh’s assumption has been verified and strengthened based on other lines of evidence.  Kaykhosrow’s real identity was also revealed. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

89 - Imāmzādih Hossein ibn Musā's Tomb: A Historical Study
mohammad bagheri حمیدرضا ثنائی

Imamzadeh Hossein ibn Musa, one of the sons of Imam Musa Kazem (AS), lived in the second half of the second century AH and the first half of the third century AH. According to the reports of many sources about his burial, the question arises as to where he was buried. T More

Imamzadeh Hossein ibn Musa, one of the sons of Imam Musa Kazem (AS), lived in the second half of the second century AH and the first half of the third century AH. According to the reports of many sources about his burial, the question arises as to where he was buried. This research, using a descriptive-analytical method, first explains the reports of many sources about his burial and then analyzes and considers their authenticity. The available reports mention his burial in cities such as Shiraz, Behbahan, Jopar Kerman, Kufa, Dezful and Tabas. The result indicates that the tomb of Imamzadeh is most likely located in the city of Tabas. Manuscript profile

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