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Open Access Article
1 - Comparative study of foresight patterns globally applied in disaster management studies
Ardeshir Sayah Mofazali Katayoun Jahangiri Mohammad Rahim EivaziIdentifying the future is one of the main concerns of disaster managers to properly prepare for future circumstances and prevention of events that caused surprises. In this regards, foresight methodologies is provided a systematic set of concepts and patterns to ensures MoreIdentifying the future is one of the main concerns of disaster managers to properly prepare for future circumstances and prevention of events that caused surprises. In this regards, foresight methodologies is provided a systematic set of concepts and patterns to ensures the accuracy of outcomes of futures studies. Despite various efforts in developing foresight patterns in disaster management, the patterns have diversity in forms and contents. The main objective of this paper is to identify how these patterns classified globally in the past decade. In this regard, the famous patterns of disaster management foresight gathered and they are compared with each other. The methodology used in this paper in terms of data collection and literature review is qualitative. This research has an applied research orientation and seeks to provide a specific classification to clarify the application of foresight patterns in disaster management. In this article nine foresight pattern in disaster management were identified and studied comparatively. The results of this study in shown in comparative tables. These results signify that there will be a great evolution in foresight patterns in disaster management by a delays according to the Technology Foresight previous path, it is going the same path now. In this regard, using futures studies tools discretely, using variety of approaches and applying strategic foresight in disaster management just denote that there are no axis methods in this field identified yet. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Investigating the Public Relations Function of Organizations in Natural Disaster Crisis Management A case study of the public relations performance of the Housing Foundation of Tehran Province in the reconstruction of the earthquake-stricken areas of Qasr E Shirin
Hamed Haji Afsaneh MozaffariAbstract The history of the events that took place in the vast country of Iran shows that this country is invincible, and how to deal with these disasters is very important and important. Examining the experiences gained from these events will be of great help in dealin MoreAbstract The history of the events that took place in the vast country of Iran shows that this country is invincible, and how to deal with these disasters is very important and important. Examining the experiences gained from these events will be of great help in dealing with accidents and management. Despite the fact that in our country every few years or months, it is a natural disaster and it has gained and will continue to have very bitter and useful experiences. The expansion of cities and urbanization and the gradual increase in the number of large cities in the world, especially in developing countries, including Iran, on the one hand and the growth of cities, population concentration and increase environmental and economic loads on their bed on the other hand, while Further attention to cities has led to the acceptance of multiple roles and functions. One of the issues that most major cities in the world are dealing with Unfortunately, the costs of crisis management are small, and research and scientific work has not been done as it should be, and perhaps has not been done in this case, even though this shortage is quite noticeable and worthwhile. In this regard, considering the importance of the subject of this research, the role of public relations in crisis management of natural disasters has been studied. Research shows that public relations plays an important role in preventing crisis. Keywords: Crisis Management, Public Relations, Natural Disasters Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Spatial Distribution of Community Disaster Resilience in Tehran Metropolis
Elnaz Baghernejhad Mohammadmahdi Azizi Different models of disaster resilience have been conducted to evaluate or promote resilience of cities prone to disasters. By considering resilience as a set of adaptive capacities, pre-event capacities influence resilience. Therefor providing a meth More Different models of disaster resilience have been conducted to evaluate or promote resilience of cities prone to disasters. By considering resilience as a set of adaptive capacities, pre-event capacities influence resilience. Therefor providing a methodology and a set of indicators to measure the present conditions influencing disaster resilience within communities is the focal argument in assessment of resilience to natural hazards. As the resilience has different dimensions, one of the quantitative approaches to measure city disaster resilience is to construct a composite index. The composite index, which encompasses a set of resilience indicators, can help in resilience quantitative evaluation, comparison between geographic units in terms of resilience, and elucidate resilience spatial distribution or assess resilience in a specific place in different periods of time. Tehran Metropolis, the capital of Iran, is located at the southern foot of Alborz Mountains, and surrounded by several fault lines. High vulnerability to disasters of Tehran Metropolis as well as the increasing population and the accumulation of resources in the capital highlight the importance of assessing the disaster resilience of this city in order to take appropriate measures to compensate for the shortcomings before the natural events occur. Based on the context represented here, the main objective of this study is to construct a composite indicator for evaluating inherent community disaster resilience for Tehran metropolis. In this regard, a set of resilient indicators extracted from three evaluation models -Baseline Resilience Indicators for Communities (BRIC), Community Resilience Index (CRI) and Community Disaster Resilience Index (CDRI) -were used to evaluate and construct a resilient composite index for Tehran metropolis. Taking into consideration indicators’ feasibility, operation-ability as well as data-accessibility, 34 of the 143 identified indicators from the three models were selected at the neighborhood level (for the 368 neighborhoods of the City). By using exploratory factor analysis, the inherent resilience dimensions are shown in five social, infrastructure, economic performance, community-neighborhood relations and community-participatory domains. The Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin (KMO) measure was 0.785, indicating that the correlation between the data is suitable for factor analysis and the cumulative variance of 5 factors explain 71.687 percent of the data variance. The spatial distribution of composite disaster resilience and its dimensions in Tehran metropolis indicate that the western and southwestern neighborhoods of the city have the least inherent resilience. The northern and central neighborhoods are in a better position than the southern neighborhoods in terms of resilience. Among the resilience dimensions, the infrastructure dimension has had the most negative impact on the neighborhoods with an adverse resilience situation. To conclude, the quantitative disaster resilience evaluation provides a clear picture of the status quo. Therefore, by assessing resilience in different geographic units, it is possible to compare and identify differences between areas, reduce shortcomings, and take advantage of opportunities. Besides, by measuring the resilience in different periods of time, one can understand any increase or decrease in resilience of a place and improve this quality before the events, especially in cities with high population density and prone to earthquakes like Tehran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Social Issues in Post Disaster Reconstruction Planning
Fereshteh Navidi Majd Alireza Andalib -
Open Access Article
5 - Family Transformation after Natural Disasters (Case Study: Survived Women after Bam Earthquake in 2003)
Masoumeh Kamaledini Mostafa Azkia Bagher Saroukhani -
Open Access Article
6 - Enhancing Community Resilience to Floods in Iran: The Case of Post-Disaster Neka
Pooya Alaedini Mehrdad Javaheripour Elham Houminfar -
Open Access Article
7 - Situational Prevention of Theft in Natural Disasters and Crises
Amir Ahmadi Rouzbeh Masoud Ghasemi (corresponding author) Rouhollah ForouzeshThe application of a set of non-criminal measures is called crime prevention. In this regard, this application ruins the intention of crime and criminal and in a way, increases the cost of committing a crime and ultimately leads to the potential criminal's withdrawal fr MoreThe application of a set of non-criminal measures is called crime prevention. In this regard, this application ruins the intention of crime and criminal and in a way, increases the cost of committing a crime and ultimately leads to the potential criminal's withdrawal from committing a crime. One of the crimes that increases during natural disasters and crises is theft. Therefore, in order to deal with it and re-establish social, economic security and peace of mind of the victims, crime prevention measures should be taken into consideration. This article aims to examine and provide preventive measures for the crime of theft in natural disasters and crises. This study is one of applied research in terms of purpose and nature, and its research method is Delphi and qualitative interview method. Furthermore, the data collection tool of this research is a researcher-made questionnaire, and its statistical population is a number of experts, elites, lawyers, etc., who have been evaluated. Situational crime prevention usually manifests itself through breaking one of the links in the chain of causes and events that can be neutralized and causes the crime to occur. The cost of situational prevention is much lower than the criminal punishment of criminals, and reducing the opportunity can be useful in deterring criminals from crime and fear. This kind of prevention includes a wide range of activities and measures to deal with theft. Eliminating ideal situations for the occurrence of crime, predicting safe places to store important and relief items, increasing checkpoints at the entrance and exit of crisis-hit cities, using electronic equipment for control and monitoring in accident-affected areas, etc. are effective during natural disasters and crises in the prevention of theft. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Analyzing of financial policy triggers on how the state budget is allocated
Marzieh Afkharian Karmaleh Daneshfard Hajieh Rajabi Farjadbudget of a country reflects the position of the state in the economy, in other words, it is the extent and limits of government`s interference in society, and the proper administration of government finances plays a significant role in improving the economic system and Morebudget of a country reflects the position of the state in the economy, in other words, it is the extent and limits of government`s interference in society, and the proper administration of government finances plays a significant role in improving the economic system and the administrative and management system of the public sector. Purpose of this study was to analyze the triggers of financial policy on allocation of state budget. The research is applied one in terms of the goal, and it is descriptive survey in terms of collecting data. Statistical universe of this research includes the managers and employees of the “plan and budget” organization. They were 100, which are obtained using Cochran's formula of 80 people. Data collection tool was a questionnaire (a total of 47 questions). Its validity obtained through content and structure validity, and its reliability through Cronbach's alpha for each of the triggers of the financial policy including (natural disasters, 0.868; economic crises, 0.915; social evolution, 0.915; environmental changes, 0/922; technological advances, 0/818) and the way of state budget allocation 844/0 has been approved. Data analysis has been done using structural equation modeling and Smart PlS software. Results of the study showed that the analysis of the triggers of financial policy (natural disasters, economic crises, social evolution, environmental changes, and technological advancements) are influential on the way of allocation of public funds. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - "Social support in Kermanshah earthquake" Based on the lived experience of the female-headed households
Shayesteh Karamkhani Alieh ShekarbeygiSocial support is one of the important components of empowerment to solve the problems of the female-headed households in different life situations. the female-headed households are one of the socially vulnerable groups in natural disasters and how they deal with them h MoreSocial support is one of the important components of empowerment to solve the problems of the female-headed households in different life situations. the female-headed households are one of the socially vulnerable groups in natural disasters and how they deal with them has a lot to do with the components of empowerment. The aim of this study was to describe the experience of the female-headed households in social support in earthquakes.The methodology of qualitative research is the method of contextual theory. Data were collected by field method through theoretical sampling and in-depth interviews with 15 the female-headed households in the eight earthquake-stricken areas of Kermanshah to the extent of theoretical saturation. In this study, in order to measure accuracy, the criterion of "reliability and reliability" and the technique of "triangulation" were used. From data analysis, 987 primary open source, 150 secondary concepts, 41 central categories and 8 final major categories including: "transient and cross-sectional", "personal supporters", "instrumental use", "hard life events", "loneliness" And fear "," feeling of abandonment and pessimism "," injustice and discrimination "," feeling of helplessness "and the central concept of" social support; perceived priority of life "were extracted. The results show" social support "as" priority ". "Perceived life" is interpreted by the participants, which if ignored, will have irreparable consequences. Have a great impact on their ability to deal with natural disasters. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Investigating the effective factors of urban crisis management against natural disasters (case study of Baqershahr city)
alireza nasripoor Azadeh Arbabi Sabzevari masomi sohrabi hamidreza joodakiNatural disasters are a phenomenon that neglecting them will lead to irreparable damage. Baqershahr as one of the important cities of Tehran province due to the presence of several active faults and seasonal and permanent rivers around and inside Venice. Behesht Zahra l MoreNatural disasters are a phenomenon that neglecting them will lead to irreparable damage. Baqershahr as one of the important cities of Tehran province due to the presence of several active faults and seasonal and permanent rivers around and inside Venice. Behesht Zahra large sanctuary has a high vulnerability to natural and physical hazards, the presence of dense urban fabric, the main fault of Rey Garmsar, rivers north of Tehran and worn texture are factors that lead to the study of effective factors in crisis management. Due to the nature of the research method, it is descriptive-analytical. First, the research findings include the criteria considered in crisis management, including the existence of storage system, specialized equipment and appropriate operational organization, specialized manpower, information system, operational effectiveness and information system for residents, infrastructure and communication facilities. These factors have been done by urban planning experts, urban planning by questionnaire information in the study area and the analysis of factors and variables has been done by multi-factor analysis, variance, regression and Pearson test. In fact, factors and coefficients in storage criteria And support equal to 16.2 percent, specialized equipment and the existence of a suitable structure of operational organization 11.65 percent, Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Evaluation and analysis of urban land use resilience (Case study: District 22 of Tehran)
elnaz rezaie esmail salehi akramolmolok lahijanian amir hoshang ehsaniCities are often the site of overcrowding and man-made phenomena. For this reason, in the absence of earthquake preparedness, the probability of human and financial losses is high. The main issue is to what extent the society is able to return to its original state afte MoreCities are often the site of overcrowding and man-made phenomena. For this reason, in the absence of earthquake preparedness, the probability of human and financial losses is high. The main issue is to what extent the society is able to return to its original state after a major disaster. Therefore, measuring and analyzing the resilience of urban land use clarifies the importance and necessity of the present study. The general purpose of this article is to determine the importance of the role of each of the criteria and indicators of resilience in District 22 of Tehran as an environmental area. The research method of this research is descriptive-analytical, and its nature is applied. In this study, first the theoretical framework of the research was done by collecting information through documentary studies, then the degree of resilience of urban land use, based on the opinions of experts and review of previous research, criteria and sub-criteria of resilience were determined. After that, pairwise comparisons of indicators were performed with the help of 20 faculty members and experts who specialized in urban planning and management. In order to evaluate and evaluate the final degree of resilience, FAHP method and GIS system have been used. Finally, evaluations and studies showed that the average resilience of the structural-natural criterion is moderate in District 22 of Tehran Municipality. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - The role of geomorphology on evaluation and prevention of natural disasters in Iran
Davood MokhtariBecause geographical situation, geologic and geomorphologic conditions andhistorical background from economic, social and cultural point of view, Iran is adisastrous country in worldwide. In spite of advances in geomorphology in Iran inrecent decades, relation of this f MoreBecause geographical situation, geologic and geomorphologic conditions andhistorical background from economic, social and cultural point of view, Iran is adisastrous country in worldwide. In spite of advances in geomorphology in Iran inrecent decades, relation of this field of geography to Natural disasters is not makingclear still. This paper attempt to investigate of geomorphologic dimensions of somenatural disasters occurred in recent years in our country, and importance of theincorporation not only of geomorphologic research, but also of geomorphologies inrisk assessment and management programs in Iran is emphasized.Studies on some natural disasters such as landslides, sandy storms, earthquakes andetc. indicate that this natural disasters lead to geomorphic problems from two aspects:first, natural hazards produce special geomorphic landforms and second, activegeomorphologic agents are origin of natural disasters occurring. Indeedgeomorphology is a powerful field that must play a role in the interdisciplinary effortsto develop adequate strategies for prevention and mitigation of natural disasters. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - Zoning of Natural Disaster in Decreases in Roads with Emphasis of Digital Elevation Model Case Study: Chaloos Road(Karag Dam to Kandovan Channel)
منیژه GhahroodiElevation models, a numerical expression of the continuous changes in ups anddowns, are capable of demonstrating roads at their actual positions, and facilitate thepossibility of mountain roads management. These models are also capable ofcomputing the potential of natur MoreElevation models, a numerical expression of the continuous changes in ups anddowns, are capable of demonstrating roads at their actual positions, and facilitate thepossibility of mountain roads management. These models are also capable ofcomputing the potential of natural risks by means of satellite pictures, and can proveuseful in decreasing road accidents.For the present study, the author selected part of Chaloos Road, from Karaj toKandovan, where numerous accidents have occurred. As this part of the road issituated within the drainage basin of Karaj (Amir Kabir) Dam, the study drew on theelevation model (DEM) of this basin, which was extracted from satellite (SRTM)pictures. From this model, hillshade layers were extracted, and layers of adjustmentcurve, drainage system, gradient, gradient direction, and route of the largest gradientwere prepared. Moreover, this part of the road was extracted from a map at a scale of1:50000, and was placed in the above set of layers after being benchmarked. Followinganalyses, the potential of natural risks on this road was assessed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - The introducing of natural dangers in Shafarude auriferous basin of Rezvanshahr town.With emphasizing on land sliding
Rafat Shahmari Ardanjani Mohammad Reza Servati Jaliladdin SurourThe main reason of doing this research is to identify and introduce the effectivefactors on natural disasters such as flood, land slide, fire accident ….and also thediversity of area and time of dangers and stretching and size of them in Shafarudeaquiferous basin MoreThe main reason of doing this research is to identify and introduce the effectivefactors on natural disasters such as flood, land slide, fire accident ….and also thediversity of area and time of dangers and stretching and size of them in Shafarudeaquiferous basin of Rezvanshahr town located in the west of Guilan province. Theeffect of reflection of this dangers on the social-economics condition of residents is anoticeable point that shows the importance of this research. This research has done byusing the descriptive – analyzing methods (basin system) and by using from toolssuch as topography maps from organization of army forces and the maps of geology,land using, air mapping by organization of cartography and field observation (Directobservation) and by using the G.P.S device, Excel and Auto Cad soft wares.The study results showed that: the major threatening natural disasters in this basinareLand slide , flood , fire accident drought, Thunder and lightening, animals’ bite ,plant pests, ….. in this direction, type and genus of geological structure and the severalfaults inside the basin and the Astara throughout fault in basin shallow, the differenceof height between the headline and basin shallow, the steep of slopes, rain falling, thelasting snow (about six months), the blowing of strong winds in autumn and thebeginning of spring, the thick mantle of forest in throughout the basin and ….… arethe most important and numerous natural factors causing natural disasters in basinplay an essential role such as land sliding and rock falling(in northwest, centre andsouthwest of basin) in villages- Ardah(1383), Roshandeh(1375), Dashtdaman (1383)and the flooding in Pargam(1375), Rinah (1383), Vaskah (1373) and forest firing inthe forests of south and southwest of basin ( Razah, Dashtdaman) during the recentdecade(1375-85).The events of these dangers a part from economy and socialdamages, within the investigation boundary collectively have switched theenvironment landscapes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - Modeling of the Relation between Capability Approach and Community Based Approach Disaster Management
Armin Firoozpour Masoud daraei Ali Asghar SadabadiIntroduction and results: Frequent fluctuations of disaster management process in Iran and efforts in order to achieve an influential disaster management system and its successful conduct is still one of the existing challenges in this field. The presentation of the mod MoreIntroduction and results: Frequent fluctuations of disaster management process in Iran and efforts in order to achieve an influential disaster management system and its successful conduct is still one of the existing challenges in this field. The presentation of the modern approach of development entitled “the Capability Approach” by Amarty a Sen, the one and only Asian scientist who won the Noble prize for economics, on one hand and the acceptance of “the Community- Based approach” on the other hand, is considered as one of the newest theories of disaster management among the experts, which by exploiting the collaborative approaches and concentrating on stemming of vulnerability has placed emphasis on the achievement of stable development as its final goal. On the other hand, it caused efforts to be made in this article so while presenting a conceptual model, explain the mutual relation between these two approaches. Method: This project was shaped in the shadow of the hermeneutic approach, in which the researchers were seeking to present a phenomenological explanation in order to create a correct understanding of the two approaches of capability and community- based. For this purpose and to make a bond among abstract propositions in the process of this project and under the influence of rational epistemology, the analytical- logical method was applied and the final model of the project was rooted and extracted via applying research method. Findings: state the existence of a synergetic and interactive relation between these two approaches Conclusion: The results of the research state the existence of a synergetic and interactive relation between these two approaches. In reality, it can be stated that the community- based approach, is an effective tool and phenomenon for the expansion of the capability approach in the process of economic development. Mutually, the theoretic and philosophical depth of the capability approach can bring forth the optimum management and design of the community- based approach of disaster management. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - Examining the components of urban resilience with an emphasis on natural disasters (earthquake) Case study: District 16 Tehran
Haniya Tavakkoli Ahmad Khadem Al-Hassani Iraj Khosravi HaghivandCities today extend their spatial territories, whereas they become more susceptible to natural and man-made threats. Being located in the earthquake-prone belt of Himalayas, on average every five years, Iran faces an earthquake of magnitude of seven in Richter scale. Gi MoreCities today extend their spatial territories, whereas they become more susceptible to natural and man-made threats. Being located in the earthquake-prone belt of Himalayas, on average every five years, Iran faces an earthquake of magnitude of seven in Richter scale. Given the existence of active faults, Tehran is always at risk of earthquakes and has higher probability of accidents due to socio-economic-physical risk factors like high concentration of population, weak structures, weak adaptation of public services, housing, and so on, compared to other cities in Iran. As is clear, cities are complex systems constantly exposed to various interactions. Thus, to make such a great complex with its own complexities resilient and efficient, we need to draft some principles that clarify the path to achieving this goal. The purpose of the present study was to examine the components of urban resilience (case study: District 16 Tehran) with an emphasis on the natural incident earthquake. The study was conducted using a questionnaire, determining the total volume of samples, and using Cochran method along simple random sampling formula. Thus, 200 questionnaires were analyzed according to a 5-option Likert scale and t-test using SPSS. The results showed that urban resilience components at economic level include the role of providing services and increasing incentives for housing reform with an average of 3.39 percent was the most proper and the belief in planning to reduce the devastating effects of the earthquake with the priority of increasing revenue of people with an average of 1.92 are the most improper economic components. The social level includes the participation in training courses to deal with the damage caused by an earthquake and to reduce its effect with an average of 3.38 as the most proper and transfer the experiences for reduction of the impact of earthquake with an average of 1.73% is the most improper components at social level. . Moreover, at the physical-environmental level studied, the increase in the damage caused by the lack of a prior warning system and evacuation systems with an average of 3.64 were considered the most appropriate and the trust in housing due to consulting with domestic architects and consulting engineers with an average of 2.016 was the most inappropriate case at physical-environmental level. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - Application of Machine Learning Models for flood risk assessment and producing map to identify flood prone areas: Literature Review
Parisa Firoozishahmirzadi Shaghayegh Rahimi Zeinab Esmaeili Seraji -
Open Access Article
18 - The Study of Theoretical Approach of Natural Disaster Management in Iran using Meta-analysis
Mehdi Nojavan Esmail Salehi Babak Omidvar Shahrzad FaryadiBackground and objective: Population growth and unplanned urban development has led to increase the risk of disaster in urban areas. Achievement to knowledge and ways to deal with disasters, have attracted attention of residents and researchers to natural disaster manag MoreBackground and objective: Population growth and unplanned urban development has led to increase the risk of disaster in urban areas. Achievement to knowledge and ways to deal with disasters, have attracted attention of residents and researchers to natural disaster management. The number and variety of published scientific papers in the field of natural disasters is one of the reliable proofs for showing the trend of researchers to this field. The objective of this research is meta-analyzing the published papers in Persian scientific journals. Material and Methodogy: For meta-analyzing of theoretical approach of Natural Disaster Management in Iran, initially 29 journals are selected. Then 454 papers are selected among these journals. These papers have been published from 2002 to 2016. Finally, for analyzing the papers, the analyzing criteria such as research methodology, sampling method and planning model and approach are determined using the expert’s opinion. Findings: The map of studies distribution showed that Tehran, Khorasan-e-Razavi, and Azerbaijan-e-sharghi provinces have been considered in a lot of papers. Results showed that physical approach is the dominant approach in the studies which is a weakness in papers. Also disregarding the scientific principle of research methodology such as absence of sampling, reliability, and validity is the other weakness of studies. Discussion and Conclusion: Considering the dominant approach in the previous studies, studying and using the community-based and organizational approaches in the future researches is proposed. The policies of scientific journals in publishing applied papers is led to aggregation of these papers in the journals. So it is proposed due to importance of theoretical and fundamental studies and identifying indicators in the field of disaster management, scientific journals would have special attention to theoretical papers in this context and providing the condition to presentation of more theoretical and fundamental papers in this subject. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - The Study of Natural Disaster Management Models Using the Concepts of Thematic Analysis
Mehdi Nojavan Esmail Salehi Babak Omidvar Shahrzad FaryadiBackground and Objective: Different models have been proposed for disaster management. Considering their weaknesses so far, despite their efficiency in some locations and under certain circumstances, natural disasters are still a fundamental challenge in the way of sust MoreBackground and Objective: Different models have been proposed for disaster management. Considering their weaknesses so far, despite their efficiency in some locations and under certain circumstances, natural disasters are still a fundamental challenge in the way of sustainable development. The purpose of this research is to analyse disaster management models to be used as a theoretical tool in analyzing the current condition and to achieve the desired condition. Material and Methodogy: To achieve the goals, qualitative approach and combinations of the concepts of thematic analysis, classification and typology are used. In this regard, first, the models of disaster management from 1941 to 2016 are collected. In the next stage the themes of each model are extracted and categorized in three phases. In the first phase which is descriptive coding, available elements in each model are extracted as code and the basic themes are recognized. Then, in the phase of interpretive coding, basic themes are classified in three categories which are called organizing themes. The final phase is determination of global or overarching theme which is consisted of all the other mentioned themes. Findings: Basic themes which were obtained during the interpretive coding are the themes of operations management, risk management and hazard assessment. Based on thematic analysis, it can be concluded that disaster management has three main elements. Therefore, comprehensive model of disaster management should include these three elements and their sub basic themes that is called the ideal or criterion type. Discussion and Conclusion: Results showed that in some models, one dimension is emphasized. Even in two-dimensional models, one dimension has advantage over the other one. While the proposed typology showed that, considering the ideal type, the comprehensive model should include all the three mentioned elements. According to the ideal type, the strategic plan of disaster management should be performed under a comprehensive management considering all the elements of disasters. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - Analyzing the Impacts of Climate Change on Human Rights
Behnoush Khoshmanesh zadeh Abbas Poorhashemi Mohammad Soltanieh Davoud Hermidas Bavanddramatic effect on poor and it has marginalized people all over the world, reinforcing existing vulnerabilities and deepening inequalities. The populations, whose rights are poorly protected, are likely to be less equipped to adapt to climate change effects. Climate cha Moredramatic effect on poor and it has marginalized people all over the world, reinforcing existing vulnerabilities and deepening inequalities. The populations, whose rights are poorly protected, are likely to be less equipped to adapt to climate change effects. Climate change and human rights are further intertwined because of the potential climate change and it exacerbates existing threats to International human right laws. Also it is well placed to address that challenge and highlights some of the human and equity dimensions of climate change. The introduction provides an overview of human rights concerns raised by climate change. Material and Methods: Method is aLegal analysis and descriptive manner. Many of the content of the documents describe the content of human rights and the UN Security Council. Results and Discussion: This Paper lays out some of the legal questions that are implicated in the emerging debate on climate change and human rights and suggests ways which international human right laws could be approached in order to promote clarity in the discourse of human rights and climate change. In this work some strategies have been proposed for dealing with these existing gaps. It is expected that analyzing these gaps and determining the international community duties and commitments (governments and international organizations) can result an efficient management of this crisis and prevent the outbreak of chaos across the globe Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - Steps and measures of construction and demolition waste management in natural disasters
Nima Heidarzadeh Alireza Ramezani KhoojinDisasters have caused 1.2 million fatalities and 1.7 trillion damages (USD) in the world during 2000-2012. Depending on the nature and severity, disasters can generate large volumes of debris and waste. Values of between 30 and 113 t/household can be used to estimate th MoreDisasters have caused 1.2 million fatalities and 1.7 trillion damages (USD) in the world during 2000-2012. Depending on the nature and severity, disasters can generate large volumes of debris and waste. Values of between 30 and 113 t/household can be used to estimate the amount of debris of a damaged house and building. The waste can overwhelm existing solid waste management facilities and also impact on other emergency response and recovery activities. Thus, management of construction and demolition (C&D) wastes is one of the most important action should be done. Disaster waste management actions include three major phases as follow:1) Emergency phase, 2) preliminary recovery phase, and 3) final recovery phase. In this article, technical options of disaster waste management have been studied such as: estimation methods of C&D waste amounts, planning and management need in emergency, temporary storage in transfer stations, disposal, reuse and recycling of the wastes, prioritization of actions. Studies show that many types of C&D waste, such as bricks, blocks, concrete, asphalt, plasterboard, tiles, and iron sheets, can be recycled or reused for different application including: landfill waste cover, concrete aggregate, building and road base material, production of cement, soil drainage improvement, ingredient/additive in the production of fertilizer and compost Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - Investiation of problems resulting from debris management after earthquake and providing appropriate solutions
nina Rafeei abdolreza KrabasiEarthquaks in urban areas produce large volumes ofdebris that delay the recovery and response phases.Therefore, debris management and debris removalunder the framework of recovery programs are soimportant. International experiences have shownthat in recovery phase, larg MoreEarthquaks in urban areas produce large volumes ofdebris that delay the recovery and response phases.Therefore, debris management and debris removalunder the framework of recovery programs are soimportant. International experiences have shownthat in recovery phase, large amount of wastes canbe recycled and reused. So, necessary constructionmaterials can be provided and the amount of debrisdelivered to landfills and environmental problemswill be reduced. However recovery and responsephases should be done with proper debris management.In this paper some of the problems involvedin earthquake debris are considered and appropriatesolutions are discussed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - A study of anxiety in the Qur'an and the Testaments based on the socio-cultural psychological approach
Masoumeh Javadian Ali Hossein EhteshamiThis study was conducted to comparatively study what, causes and treatment of anxiety from the perspective of the Qur'an and Testament and with a historical approach and descriptive-analytical method and achieved the following results: The Qur'an and Testament were simi MoreThis study was conducted to comparatively study what, causes and treatment of anxiety from the perspective of the Qur'an and Testament and with a historical approach and descriptive-analytical method and achieved the following results: The Qur'an and Testament were similar in expressing what and the treatment of anxiety but in terms of causes, they are slightly different. Both have identified two types of anxiety in human life: praised and condemned anxiety. The Qur'an and the New Testament agree on the causes of anxiety about resurrection, storms and natural disasters, polytheism and sin, troubles and problems of daily life, and the Qur'an and the Old Testament agree on war, resurrection, polytheism and sin, and the Old and New Testaments agree on background of causes of anxiety about resurrection, polytheism and sin, death, natural disasters, loss of position and status. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - Analysing of The Tragic Structure of Rostam and Sfandiyars’ Story
Touraj Aghdayee Khadijeh Bahrami Rahnama -
Open Access Article
25 - Designing and Validating a Curriculum Framework of Natural Disaster Risk Reduction Education in Primary School
ahmad gholami mohammad javdaniThe purpose of the research was to designing and validating a curriculum framework of natural disaster risk reduction education in primary school. This study is a sequential exploratory mixed method. In the qualitative section 12 experts and professors of the Institute MoreThe purpose of the research was to designing and validating a curriculum framework of natural disaster risk reduction education in primary school. This study is a sequential exploratory mixed method. In the qualitative section 12 experts and professors of the Institute of Seismology and the universities of Iran and crisis management specialists were selected by purposeful sampling and snowball technique. In this section, the interview method, literature reviews of research and study of resources, texts and upstream documents were used to attain concepts, phrases and key words related to the framework, and initial qualitative data were obtained. qualitative data was analyzed by thematic analysis method and the initial framework was formed. Qualitative validation criteria were used to validate the framework. In the quantitative section, the statistical population consisted of university specialists in the field of curriculum studies and primary school teachers, Which 20 of university specialists and 110of primary school teachers in the sarchehan district(400) that were selected by simple random sampling method. to collect quantitative data a teacher made questionnaire was used. To confirm the validity of the questionnaire, face and content validity and factor analysis and for calculating reliability, the Cronbach's alpha coefficient were used. The results of factor analysis showed that teaching methods with factor load of 0.96, content 0.94, evaluation methods 0.93, materials & resources 0.97, and logic with load factor of 0.93 explained the curriculum framework of natural disaster risk reduction education in primary school. Also, the coefficient of Cronbach's alpha above 0.90 confirmed reliability of curriculum elements. Therefore, the validity of the final curriculum framework was confirmed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - The Comparative Study of Divine trial Tradition in Holly Quran and Moulana Mathnawi
tahereh shakerianThe Comparative Study of Divine trial Tradition in Holly Quran and Moulana Mathnawi Abstract The tradition of trial is one of the legal divine rules that make efficient transfer on human blest and felicity transfer on human blast and felicity the purpose of a comparativ MoreThe Comparative Study of Divine trial Tradition in Holly Quran and Moulana Mathnawi Abstract The tradition of trial is one of the legal divine rules that make efficient transfer on human blest and felicity transfer on human blast and felicity the purpose of a comparative study of divine trial tradition in holly Quran and Moulana Mathnawi notion. The divine trial is a constant due which reminds its extensive frequency in Holly Quran and Moulana Mathnawi. All humans in each stand for evolution and eminence even prophits donot make except from individual, tribal, family and grouping trials. The result depicts that there is a key word that the main plot of all divine trials is in both above mentioned traces and that word is “self”. The purpose of every trial is to recognize ”self” its capacity, evolution and eminence to return to its main origin. Keywords: Mathnawi, Moulana, Holly Quran, Trial, Plight, Sedition, Disaster. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - Examining the components of urban resilience with an emphasis on natural disasters (floods) in Tabriz city, a case study of areas 2, 3, 4 and 7 of Tabriz city.
Reza ghasemi Ganje Lo bakhtyar ezatpanahThe concept of resilience is rapidly developing in cities. Developing an evaluation framework to assess the resilience of urban areas can be an effective way to use resilience issues in the urban planning process. Based on the objective of the research "examining the co MoreThe concept of resilience is rapidly developing in cities. Developing an evaluation framework to assess the resilience of urban areas can be an effective way to use resilience issues in the urban planning process. Based on the objective of the research "examining the components of urban resilience with an emphasis on natural disasters (floods) in the city of Tabriz", the problem of this research is to measure the level of resilience in the dimensions of urban and social, economic, institutional and physical management in order to deal with the effects of natural disasters. flood) in the city of Tabriz and the practical explanation of the role of resilience or strengthening the resilience of the factors and components that explain the existing situation. The research method is descriptive-analytical and survey. In this regard, the statistical population of the research is the population of areas 2, 3, 4 and 7 of Tabriz city, and the sample size is 382 residents of Tabriz city. According to the data collection, statistical methods of median, mode, average, test (On sample T-test) and SPSS software were used for statistical analysis. ANP model was used to investigate the status of the studied areas of Tabriz city in relation to the state of urban resilience. According to the findings of the research, it was found that urban management is not in a favorable position in urban resilience in the face of natural flood disasters, and it was also found that the prioritization of resilience components and their application at the time of natural disasters in the return of the studied areas of Tabriz city It is effective to the situation before the flood. Also, the regions (2, 3, 4 and 7) of Tabriz city are in a different state of resilience. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - A Case Study of the Bam Earthquake to Establish a Pattern for Earthquake Management in Iran
Keramatollah Ziari Reza Ziari Somayeh Ziari -
Open Access Article
29 - Planning for Medical Emergency Transportation Vehicles during Natural Disasters
Hesam Adrang Ali Bozorgi-Amiri Kaveh Khalili-Damghani Reza Tavakkoli-Moghaddam -
Open Access Article
30 - Jurisprudential deliberation of crisis management in natural disasters
Hasan Hasan zadeh mohammad Adiby mehrNature and the universe, which is the divine mercy of all beings, has its own system in addition to numerous benefits, sometimes has harmful effects for creatures, of which natural disasters are among them. Because of the ignorance of the wisdom of these events, human b MoreNature and the universe, which is the divine mercy of all beings, has its own system in addition to numerous benefits, sometimes has harmful effects for creatures, of which natural disasters are among them. Because of the ignorance of the wisdom of these events, human beings often consider the injustice and absolute evil to be an unreasonable look and unfair judgment and is far from the truth. Regarding to the wisdom of occurrence of the events of the The universe of nature as coming in the Quran and narratives and the necessity of having correct management of the crisis for the purpose of coping with the consciousness and turning the threat of these disasters into human opportunity, this research seeks to be descriptive and analyzing and collecting information in a library method with the use of dynamic Islamic jurisprudence and its application in solving the problems of the updates to study the strategies for preventing and confronting these incidents and expressing the jurisprudential foundations of crisis management in natural disasters. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
31 - Legal-jurisprudential analysis of civil liability resulting from construction on fault lines (taking into account Article 100 of the Municipal Law)
Sedigheh Riahi Rad Abdullah bahmanpouri mansor gharibpoorForce majeure, or in the interpretation of jurists, heavenly plague, is one of the issues raised in the law of different countries, including Iran, in the field of responsibility. There is no difference of opinion in this issue that the obligee can refer to these incide MoreForce majeure, or in the interpretation of jurists, heavenly plague, is one of the issues raised in the law of different countries, including Iran, in the field of responsibility. There is no difference of opinion in this issue that the obligee can refer to these incidents in order to acquit himself from the damages and as a legal effect, but where the human factor, due to the act or omission of the act, has a role in the occurrence of these incidents or in increasing the damages caused by them. Some differences can be observed. In French law, the committed party must consider the process of fulfilling the obligation by taking into account possible changes and developments. In Iranian law, in spite of being affected, the existence of a traditional view of force majeure (i.e. being heavenly and lack of responsibility) on the one hand, and the effect of the action or omission of the human factor in the occurrence of force majeure or the increase of damages caused by it, force majeure is considered to be a serious challenge in jurisprudence and He has faced legal issues. Issues such as awareness of the existing risk potential caused by an active fault, having the power of prediction, the ability to avoid an accident or damage, realizing the concept of a heavenly disaster and accepting its effects can be considered among these challenges. The present study, while examining the theory of force majeure in French law, Iranian law and jurisprudential sources, deals with the possibility of its application in Iran's legal system, taking into account general and specific jurisprudential evidence. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
32 - Evaluation of the institutional dimension of urban resilience in dealing with earthquakes (case example of Bandar Abbas city)
MOHAMMAD REZA JABERINASAB Akbar AbdollahzadehTaraf Arash Saghafi Hasan SattariNatural disasters such as floods, earthquakes, and tornadoes have always existed and will continue to exist throughout the life of the planet, but the noteworthy point is that the effects of these natural disasters do not disappear completely and their effects can only MoreNatural disasters such as floods, earthquakes, and tornadoes have always existed and will continue to exist throughout the life of the planet, but the noteworthy point is that the effects of these natural disasters do not disappear completely and their effects can only be balanced. Urban tissues and man-made elements of urban spaces are worn out and destroyed over time, and for this reason, keeping urban bodies stable requires interventions to improve and improve the existing situation, and this shows the necessity of physical interventions in the tissue. Uneven urban spaces are a reflection of the social and economic inequalities of their residents, although natural disasters and events threaten most cities, but the poor who live in informal settlements and dilapidated structures face greater human and financial losses when natural disasters occur. be. The main goal of this research is to evaluate the institutional dimension of urban resilience in dealing with earthquakes, focusing on the city of Bandar Abbas. The present research method was a descriptive-analytical method. The statistical population included all the expert employees of the Crisis Management Organization of Bandar Abbas Governorate and other agents of the Crisis Headquarters, which was determined by using the Cochran sample size formula to determine the number of 35 people as the sample size. The research tool was a researcher-made questionnaire based on the theoretical framework of the research. The reliability of the tool was confirmed using Cronbach's alpha test above 0.65. According to the research results, the level of institutional resilience has not been at an acceptable level.Natural hazards have been with humans since the beginning of time, and humans have always sought a way to deal with them. Disasters are events that occur unexpectedly and sometimes inevitably, and due to the spread over material and human resources and interruption of the natural process of life, they are beyond the capacity of societies to adapt. The effects and consequences of a natural disaster, regardless of its type, can remain for a long time after the incident (Fali, 2014). On the other hand, population growth, increase in urban population and population density in a specific area have doubled the risk of these accidents. The lack of preparation for such incidents increases the losses and sometimes causes huge disasters (Noorian and Esfandi, 2014: 56). At the beginning of the 20th century, crisis management initially only had the ability to respond and react immediately after the incident and the occurrence of the crisis (Davis, 2011). After the inefficiency of this system showed itself in many situations, the attention of urban planners and managers was drawn to its resilience and increase (Coppola, 2007). Resilience has been discussed since the 1970s, which was first about ecological systems in the sense that resilience determines the continuity of relationships and links within a system and is a measure of the system's ability to absorb changes in parameters and stable variables. And moving and maintaining survival. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
33 - Assessing and formulating strategies for resilience to withstand disasters in old urban area in Faizabad‘s neighborhood in Kermanshah
bahareh moazami mahmoud rahimiAbstract Resilience in the face of crisis, one of the most important theoretical and applied concepts in crisis management in recent years. This concept is widely used in the community is resilient. Resiliency is a way to strengthen the capacity of communities using it MoreAbstract Resilience in the face of crisis, one of the most important theoretical and applied concepts in crisis management in recent years. This concept is widely used in the community is resilient. Resiliency is a way to strengthen the capacity of communities using it arises and definitions, approaches, indicators and evaluation models different about it is formed. The range studied in this research is Kermanshah Faizabad Neighborhood. Research method for descriptive- analytical and research the nature of, is applied with the aim of resilient to old texture Neighborhood Faizabad and finally formulate and prioritization strategies in this Neighborhood has been done. To achieve this goal, the experts and residents of the neighborhood were used. SWOT model to formulate policies and strategies for Prioritization QSPM model we used. The results suggest that neighborhoods defensive position and in an intermediate situation. In the final stage of the development of strategies to prioritize them, and that the results of this section indicates that the most important strategy, develop a strategic plan or direct the social forces affecting the rules for organizing textures and retrofit programs and improve safety in the face of environmental disaster is artificial and at the end of the resilient Faizabad neighborhood proposals presented. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
34 - Zoning earthquakes pre-crisis model of FAHP Case Study of Khuzestan Province
Elyas Mavadat Reza Nazarpoor Saeed HeydariniaPopulation growth and the expansion of settlements in risky areas, the impact of natural disasters in various countries, especially in developing countries, has increased. Due to the location of the collision of the Arabian plate and the Iranian province of Khuzestan, e MorePopulation growth and the expansion of settlements in risky areas, the impact of natural disasters in various countries, especially in developing countries, has increased. Due to the location of the collision of the Arabian plate and the Iranian province of Khuzestan, earthquakes and lack of proper localization of its settlements And development on active fault, the province's zoning to identify areas unsuitable for earthquake risk Avoid the lack of human settlements in this area is necessary to mitigate risks in the future. Research and development nature - earthquake hazard zoning applications aimed at Khuzestan province to deal with the risks posed by this natural disaster has occurred. The first seven variables in the diagnosis of active earthquake zones, they are combined using FAHP model and seismic risk map was obtained. Results indicate that the seismic risk of the area of of Khuzestan Province, about 7 percent of the range (very low risk), 13% (low), 20% (average), 27% (high) and 33 percent (very high high) and among cities, Andimeshk and Abadan have the highest and lowest earthquake risk. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
35 - An Analysis of the Economic Problems of the Sorena Villages District and its’ relationship with Economic Resilience
hamed Rostami hosein soleimani ramin ghafariDeveloping countries are always confronting with natural disaster as a one of the most major challenges, which cause the local economy of the spoiled region irreversible damages and neutralize the effects of the development's achievements. It is crucial to pay more atte MoreDeveloping countries are always confronting with natural disaster as a one of the most major challenges, which cause the local economy of the spoiled region irreversible damages and neutralize the effects of the development's achievements. It is crucial to pay more attention to the rural areas not only due to being in the center zone of the catastrophe but also involving the large percentage of the nation and the lack of facilities that can cause the countryside a vulnerable are .The land use, communication, infrastructural installations and equipment and public welfare, etcetera can be considered by planning of the rural development process as the factors of the physical-based planning, although all these indicators are affected by the economic dimensions of the village. The purpose of this study is to identify the economic problems of the villages of Sorena district in the first stage and then to investigate its relationship with economic resilience. This research method was a combinational one and subsequently phenomenological method was utilized to detect the economic troubles and Pearson correlation coefficient was partially used .The results determined that the economic problems of the villages of the Sorena district are the lack of job security, the lack of diversity in the entrepreneurship, the corruption of the financial and monetary policy, the lack of proper facilities and infrastructure and these problems have a significant relationship with the economic resilience Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
36 - Urban Paneling based on the Level of Vulnerability Against Natural Disasters (Crisis Management): A Case Study on Nasimshahr
Mohammad Reza Zand MoghadamHigh construction and demographic congestions, low quality of buildings in the body of communication networks and high degree of surrounding and so on lead to loss of sustainability of living environments and an increase in the number of human waste and financial damage MoreHigh construction and demographic congestions, low quality of buildings in the body of communication networks and high degree of surrounding and so on lead to loss of sustainability of living environments and an increase in the number of human waste and financial damages in cases of crisis, especially earthquakes. This thesis is basically aimed at identifying the vulnerable places toward natural disasters as well as safe places at the time of occurrence of crisis for temporary residence and analyzing the role of effective factors in vulnerability of urban zones against earthquake.In this study, 7 indices, namely access to healthcare centers, degree of surrounding, construction congestion, demographic congestion, land usage, building longevity and building quality have been adopted, and vulnerability of the zones against earthquake was examined by means of GIS. Results suggest that old textures of Nasimshahr and body of the passages with high construction and demographic congestions, building low quality, too much distance from relief centers vis-à-vis other bodies and high degree of surrounding are highly vulnerable and will therefore have worse condition in crises. Among the zones, initial core of formation of Nasimshahr is the worst in terms of vulnerability and should be prioritized for crisis management in planning.Thus, 70% of residential textures of Nasimshahr are severely vulnerable; almost 20% of them lies within vulnerable limit, and only 10% lies within the less vulnerable limit. Therefore, the research hypothesis concerning vulnerability of the residential textures and variation of the regional vulnerability due to such characteristics as passage width,congestion,material applied in the buildings,against natural disasters is verified. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
37 - Monthly and Seasonal Flood Distribution over Different Return Periods in River Gauge Stations of Ardabil Province
Raoof Mostafazadeh Ali Nasiri KhiaviFloods are one of the most destructive natural disasters that endanger social and economic conditions more than any other natural disaster. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of analyzing the monthly and seasonal flood distribution in the different MoreFloods are one of the most destructive natural disasters that endanger social and economic conditions more than any other natural disaster. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of analyzing the monthly and seasonal flood distribution in the different return periods in some river gauge stations of Ardabil Province. In this way, the data of 33 river gauge stations have been used, and the statistical period of the used data was 40 years. The EasyFit software was used to select the most appropriate statistical distribution for maximum discharge data in the return periods of 2, 5, 10, 25, 50, and 100-year. Based on the results, it can be said that in the studied stations, about 63.63% of the floods were related to the month of April. On the other hand, based on the results of the seasonal comparison charts, it can be said that the maximum floods were related to the spring season, and in all the return periods studied, the highest amount and percentage of floods occurred in spring season. In some stations such as Yamchi, Nouran, Neneh-Karan, Mashiran, Aouughin, Derou and Pol-e-Almas, nearly 100% of the floods were related to the spring season, and this shows that the floods in Ardabil Province were of spring type. Conducting the necessary studies and watershed-based planning is necessary in southern flood-prone areas of the Ardabil province, and the possibility of flooding in the future can be reduced and its damages minimized. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
38 - Determining Criteria and Measuring Resilience Status of Urban Land Use in District 22 of Tehran
Elnaz Rezaie Esmail Salehi Akramomolok Lahijanian Amirhoshang EhsaniAs of late, the city's quick development has caused numerous urban issues. One of these critical issues in urban areas is the absence of readiness in case of catastrophes in metropolitan territories. So as to stay away from this, the estimation and investigation of urba MoreAs of late, the city's quick development has caused numerous urban issues. One of these critical issues in urban areas is the absence of readiness in case of catastrophes in metropolitan territories. So as to stay away from this, the estimation and investigation of urban land use avalanche is vital. The general target of this paper is to get successful factors in the degree of urban land use debasement and decide the significance of every one of the criteria and pointers of the territory. 22 urban communities of Tehran are the natural region. The examination technique for this exploration is diagnostic distinct and its temperament is appropriate. In this paper, hypothetical establishments were first presented through the gathering of data and narrative examinations. In the accompanying, to decide the degree of land use debasement, strength criteria dependent on the Delphi approach and the investigation of past examinations were resolved. At that point, with the assistance of 20 employees and specialists gaining practical experience in urban arranging and the board, a couple of markers were looked at. So as to assess and finish the versatility of the FAHP technique, the GIS framework has been utilized. The aftereffects of the exploration demonstrate that the mean auxiliary, characteristic basic, basic, financial, social spatial-utilitarian flexibility is 0.54, 0.20, 0.069 and 0.193 individually. At last, the evaluation and appraisal from region 22 demonstrated that the territory is tolerably unobtrusive Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
39 - Measurement And evaluation Resiliency Institutional and physical-environmental Urban communities to reduce natural disasters, Earthquake(Case study: Kerman city)
Ali Asghar Abdollahi Hojatollah Sharafi Yasser SabahiNatural disasters potential to bring this terrible disaster risk reduction systems become absenc. Recently, resiliency, as one of the effective measures for crisis management, Community-Based Approach to promote urban communities in times of instability due to disasters MoreNatural disasters potential to bring this terrible disaster risk reduction systems become absenc. Recently, resiliency, as one of the effective measures for crisis management, Community-Based Approach to promote urban communities in times of instability due to disasters. The main objective of this study is assessing the resilience index and constructive citizens (Institutional and physical - environmental) and determine the contribution of the factors resilience and their capacity to mitigate against natural (earthquake) in Kerman city.The research method is descriptive and analytical the type of relationship.The data required for analysis collected using a questionnaire which its validity and reliability by Cronbach's alpha 887/0 formally approved. The population studied was the citizens of the city of Kerman.Finally, according to the terms of resiliency factors considered, the Institutional and physical - environmental indicators and factors that are mentioned in the above, And also utilizes software (spss) and statistical,one-sample t (One Sample T- test), Pearson correlation and multiple regression analysis techniques are Also for weighting the criteria and sub-criteria of Shannon entropy and four municipalities in the ranking to assess the resilience of techniques and models ( WP,SAR) is used.Our results show that there is a significant relationship between the resiliency of citizens Institutional and physical – environmental components citizens against natural disasters, especially earthquakes. In this study, we hypothesized that the relationship between independent and dependent variables are the same approval and showing a high resiliency citizens about natural disasters with emphasis on earthquake. Finally, based on the techniques listed and ranked in order of zones, Zone 1, Zone 3, Zone 2, Zone 4 in terms of resiliency ranked. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
40 - Site Selection of Hospital Centers by Focusing on Natural Disaster and Benefiting ANP Model as (Case Study of District.5 of Tehran)
Abdulhamid Ghanbaran FARHAD Hosseinali Seyed Bagher Hosseini PEYMAN bahrami doostSite selection important urban land uses, including decisions impacting is the scale Therapeutic space that often urban managers is faced with complex decisions, The research aimed to Site selection hospital centers with emphasis on natural Disasters and using analysis MoreSite selection important urban land uses, including decisions impacting is the scale Therapeutic space that often urban managers is faced with complex decisions, The research aimed to Site selection hospital centers with emphasis on natural Disasters and using analysis network prosses (ANP) This research benefits from descriptive-analytical method and a list of criterions for site selection of hospitals is prepared and then, by using ANP technique and pair-wise comparison of item by 20 professors and experts in the field of urban planning, the weight of each criterion was calculated. In continuation according to the number of criterions and ultimate weight of sub-criterions, the desired layers at GIS was created. In continuation by using the analysis and map prepared based on priority for evaluation of hospital it was observed that the current site selection of hospitals in district.5 of Tehran from viewpoint of natural disasters is at unsuitable status and offering service to them specially while rising natural disasters is very difficult task. According to the findings due to merging informational layers' total number of 3 new points for establishment of hospital center was offered and through establishing SWOT table and considering the information offered by experts, appropriate place for construction of hospital was offered. Findings of the present research may offer solutions for urban managers in the way of understanding and prioritizing problems of urban management and finding solutions for such problems. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
41 - Evaluation and Analyzing the Impacts of Post-Reconstruction Elements in Skeletal-Physical Dimension of Cities (A Case Study of Manjil)
Fereshteh Navidi Majd Alireza Andalib hamid majediOne of the important issues in the event of natural disasters in cities is the reconstruction of cities after these accidents. In the process of post-traumatic reconstruction, elements and factors are influential and the set of these processes has several effects on dif MoreOne of the important issues in the event of natural disasters in cities is the reconstruction of cities after these accidents. In the process of post-traumatic reconstruction, elements and factors are influential and the set of these processes has several effects on different dimensions of urban development, especially physical-physical dimension. Manjil is one of the cities of Roudbar, Gilan province, which was severely damaged by an earthquake in 1369. The process of rebuilding the city after the accident has had many effects on the physical and physical aspects of the city. In this study, the effects of elements of post-traumatic reconstruction on this dimension and the impact of physical-physical indicators of these elements have been studied. To this end, the effects of these elements and indicators were evaluated through a questionnaire by 25 relevant experts and analyzed by nonparametric binomial statistical test as well as statistical indices. The results showed that the impact of post traumatic reconstruction elements on the physical and physical dimension of Manjil was high and the physical and physical indices of these elements were high too. Also, most of the effects of the reconstruction elements on indigenous, entrepreneurial, and facultative factors were physical and physical indices, as well as building resistance, passageways and access to services had the most impact on the post-traumatic reconstruction process. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
42 - An Analysis of the Resilience of Urban Communities to Earthquakes (A Case Study of the Cities of Ardebil, Tabriz and Urmia)
Ghader ahmadi mohammad hosein pour hasan zadeh amir soleimannezhadThe earthquake is one of the natural disasters with which the majority of cities in all countries encountered. This issue has been generally reinforced by the widest unconsidered human intervention in natural environment like unconventional constructions in the earthqua MoreThe earthquake is one of the natural disasters with which the majority of cities in all countries encountered. This issue has been generally reinforced by the widest unconsidered human intervention in natural environment like unconventional constructions in the earthquake fault range, lack or neglecting of criteria and constructions standards. Increasing the resilience of cities to natural disasters specifically earthquake is greatly effective in reducing damages and also is effective for recovery periods of communities. Accordingly, the present study seeks to evaluate and compare the resilience of Ardebil, Tabriz, and Urmia cities in four social, economic, institutional and physical-environmental dimensions. The research method is descriptive - analytic and its nature is an applied one. In this research, the theoretical framework of the research was initially carried out through the collection of information and the use of documentary studies. In order to investigate the resilience of the understudied cities, resilience criteria and sub-criteria were determined by examining the previous studies. Then the values of each of the indicators were obtained by field studies and approved projects in each of the understudied areas and the obtained data were analyzed using SPSS software. The results showed that the cities of Ardebil and Tabriz were in a favorable situation with an average score of 3.35 and 3.33 respectively (higher than the average of 3), but the city of Urmia with an average of 2.71 (below the average of 3) was in an unsatisfactory situation in case of crises. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
43 - The Assessment of Residential Buildings' Physical Vulnerability against Earthquake (A Case Study of Sari, Mazandaran, Iran)
ferial ahmadi Alireza EskandarinejadEarthquake damage assessment of residential buildings of Sari is the main goal of the present research. Through a descriptive-analytic method, first, building information such as structure type, year of construction, and number of stories are taken from the Urban Compre MoreEarthquake damage assessment of residential buildings of Sari is the main goal of the present research. Through a descriptive-analytic method, first, building information such as structure type, year of construction, and number of stories are taken from the Urban Comprehensive Plan of Sari. Using these data, damage degree of each building class is computed for all zones of Sari’s regions using results obtained by the seismic hazard analysis of Sari along with taking into account the proper vulnerability curves. The obtained results showed that the percentages of the adobe and cinder block types of Sari residential buildings were 63, 66, 72, and 67 percent for Sari districts 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively, which would be totally destroyed. Moreover, the least damage degrees were predicted for steel structures along with concrete ones with more than five stories. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
44 - Constructivist Epistemology of the Model of Social Disasters in Crimes against Security Emphasizing the Disaster of Generation Gap and Multi-polarization
Mousavi Fard Seyed Mohammad Reza maryam foratiReceive Date: 2023/02/12 Revise Date: 2023/07/15   MoreReceive Date: 2023/02/12 Revise Date: 2023/07/15 Accept Date: 2023/07/16Incorrect management of generation gap and social disasters resulted from that on one hand, is changed to crimes against general security and on the other hand, to identity gap. It is possible with the constructivist theoretical approach examine the model of social crises caused by the generation gap and with security and delinquency prevention criminological approaches during middle time and long time, reduced its’ negative consequences. Constructivist approach provides best comprehension of social disasters caused by generation gap and its’ aspects. In this approach, the role of different factors; such as social networks on the process of social disasters is examined. However today social networks are one of the important arms of enemy for generation gap, social multi-polarization and weakness of national and political unity. For management of social disasters caused by generation gap, crisis-inducing social demands should be distinguished from organized crimes against public security and for prevention from changing a generation gap to identity gap and improvement of social security, using delinquency prevention criminological approaches is necessary. However the constructivist approach and using delinquency prevention criminological in middle time or long time is resulted in decrease of mentioned disasters’ functions and improvement of social security. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
45 - The Tragic Structure of Siyavash Story
mahdi Mohaghegh iraj Mehraki khadijeh Bahrami RahnamaThe aim of this article is to show that the “ Tragic structure “ in the Story of Siyavsh is describable. In the story we see the tragic evolution of characters, events and scenes. sometimes the events in the story are so intensely int MoreThe aim of this article is to show that the “ Tragic structure “ in the Story of Siyavsh is describable. In the story we see the tragic evolution of characters, events and scenes. sometimes the events in the story are so intensely interwoven that the cause and effect relationship of events can not be separated and removing one element in the story would seriously affect all the elements and factors that make up the totality of the work. Therefore through the study of these factors, and elements it is possible to carry out a analytical study of the tragic story of Siyavash. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
46 - Analysis of urban vulnerability criteria's in possible disaster Case Study: Bijar City
M.R. rezaei مهدی alian A.R asgariDiscussion of disaster management in disasters is important issues in urban planning, and recognizing the vulnerability of different parts of the city, seem to be necessary. It should be accepted that always a percentage of crises are inevitable, but the vast majority o MoreDiscussion of disaster management in disasters is important issues in urban planning, and recognizing the vulnerability of different parts of the city, seem to be necessary. It should be accepted that always a percentage of crises are inevitable, but the vast majority of threats, disaster and inflammation are imposed and before the outbreak, those must be forecast and prevented with investigation and correct management. This research to achieve accurate perspective on disaster management and prevention of surprise managers, as a first step and the basis for management decisions, identifies and analyzes the vulnerability situation of Bijar city. This study has been done with uses the data of blocks in 1390 and eight criteria's, quality of buildings, construction materials, number of stories, old buildings, plots area, level of occupancy rate, population density and land with fuzzy approach. The results show that very high vulnerability tissues are located in central and southern parts of the Bijar city. These areas partially are based on old and worn out tissues of the city and may have been exposed to the greatest risks when probable disaster. In Bijar city Tzeabad and Almasieh neighborhoods than other neighborhoods are in higher vulnerability. It should be noted that, while the eastern and northern neighborhoods of the city, including neighborhoods Takhte olia, Takhte sofla and Lower, less vulnerable than other neighborhoods, but are far until u desirable and ideal situation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
47 - Measuring Physical Dimensions of Urban Resilience in The Face of the Natural Disasters (Earthquake) (Case Study: Tehran's 12th District)
hojjat allah pashapour M. pourakramiThe damage and casualties caused by natural disasters will depend on the state of readiness of the event. Building resilient cities of various sizes is a suitable and effective way to strengthen the structure of the city to deal with crises and natural and unnatural dis MoreThe damage and casualties caused by natural disasters will depend on the state of readiness of the event. Building resilient cities of various sizes is a suitable and effective way to strengthen the structure of the city to deal with crises and natural and unnatural disasters. This study in terms of purpose is applied and in terms of method is descriptive - analytical. In this study, data collection was based on library and documentary methods and for data analysis we used AHP Fuzzy model. Results showed that the measure of physical properties of texture with a weight of 0.424, and sub-criteria’s such as Street width with a weight of 0.238, building resistance with a weight of 0.120, access to the park with a weight of 0.102 are the most important criteria and sub-criteria in physical resilience of Tehran's 12th district. The final maps of regional physical resilience showed that only 1.03 percent of the area texture has high resiliency and 74.64% of the area has medium resilience and 24.33% of the area has low resilience. Also, the results showed that Tehran's 12th district buildings according to the age of buildings and their quality, the narrow access, the fine-grained segmentation, the increased occupancy levels, and the lack of open space that threaten the peoples’ lives in this area are in contrast with urban resilience. This issue warns us of more damage and casualties when an earthquake occurs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
48 - Evaluating the Practices of Rural Settlements Reconstruction after the Earthquake Disaster, With an Emphasis on Rural Vitality (Case Study: Dastjerdeh County- Tarom Township)
Jamshid Einali Bhroz Mohammad Yeganeh Zahra MohammadiReconstruction of rural settlements of natural disasters, particularly earthquakes SybDydh one of the most important approaches to disaster management and efforts are being made at this stage comes to the various effects on rural development and specifically on the vita MoreReconstruction of rural settlements of natural disasters, particularly earthquakes SybDydh one of the most important approaches to disaster management and efforts are being made at this stage comes to the various effects on rural development and specifically on the vitality of its residents. In general, three major reconstruction policies, such as integration, relocation planning Drjasazy been used. The objective is to evaluate the practices to research rural SkvntgaHhay reconstruction after the 1369 earthquake disaster and its impact on rural vitality Democrats. Functional and descriptive analytical study based on data collected through field study through questionnaires is required. 13 political districts rural areas located within Dastjerdeh (city Tarom) has been selected for the study. The number of families living in the village in 1390, over 2083 cases, using a sample of 280 households chosen randomly Grdydv questionnaire distributed in the villages. To analyze the data, the statistical tests such as single-sample t, t the sample, factor analysis and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used. The results show that the reconstruction of the villages’ MyDhd SybDydh the earthquake had a negative impact on residents and based on the average vitality index, the change is significant at 99%. Lvnz test vitality index difference created by the two different ways in comfort, BhdashtMhyt, safety and security, infrastructure, aesthetics is significant. Kruskal-Wallis test results show that the ranking was rebuilt settlements, most of the changes in the dimensions of vitality in the village has been Dastjerdeh. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
49 - Urban disaster management with Emphasis on Process after disaster
masood taghvaee Mozhgan DarabiNatural disasters lead to sad tragedies and very day life would be disordered after them, people would need to food, cloths, shelter, and healthcare. All nations need the crisis management in order to reduce the impacts of natural disasters, managing the relief operatio MoreNatural disasters lead to sad tragedies and very day life would be disordered after them, people would need to food, cloths, shelter, and healthcare. All nations need the crisis management in order to reduce the impacts of natural disasters, managing the relief operation, rescue, temporary settlement, and reconstruction. In this paper we study the initial level of crisis which includes safety, warning, and training. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
50 - The Role Of Flood Anticipation And Warming Systems In Reducing Flood Adverse Impacts
Hossain Mohammadi Mehran Maghsoudi Gholam Reza RowshanIn this field, flood one of the most dangers disasters for people of many countries face it and is one of the most destroying disasters among 15 known natural climatology all over the world. For example, about 196 million people in over 90 countries are exposed to dange MoreIn this field, flood one of the most dangers disasters for people of many countries face it and is one of the most destroying disasters among 15 known natural climatology all over the world. For example, about 196 million people in over 90 countries are exposed to danger of flood water.The increase in the population and the shortage of agricultural lands led to human population movement to the flood water plains and this intensifies the danger of flood water and its effects. But nowadays, considering the destroying effects of flood water on the human societies, structural methods of protection against flood water such as flood water bands and other methods of controlling and directing flood water, can be efficient only when the design capacity of these structures is high. But when these structures break, always a remaining risk exists. In most cases, such structures may be improper or their execution may be impossible because of environmental reasons and therefore non-structural methods are needed. The flood water warning for directing of the remaining risk is necessary and it is one of the most efficient methods of non-structural methods for flood water management. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
51 - Crisis management in the libraries Case Study: The Libraries of affiliated of agricultural research, education and extension organization
Javad Bashiri Fatemeh Zabihi FaridianPurpose: The main purpose of this research is the determining safety and crisis management in the libraries of institutes and research centers affiliated of agricultural research, education and extension organization. Methodology: In This study descriptive survey met MorePurpose: The main purpose of this research is the determining safety and crisis management in the libraries of institutes and research centers affiliated of agricultural research, education and extension organization. Methodology: In This study descriptive survey method was used. Data collected from the questionnaire and descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data. The population consisted of 104 special libraries of institutes and research centers affiliated of AREEO. Due to the nature of the study, data analysis and descriptive statistics were used to design charts from Excel. In this study due to the limited population of the sample is not used. Findings: According to the results, 44 percent of the libraries’ buildings in the affiliated of AREEO against of the natural disasters have appropriate conditions. 54 percent of libraries are strength against the earthquake and 68 percent against to hurricane. 86% of libraries are not equipped with any alarm system. More than 90 percent of the libraries lacked emergency exits and over 92 percent have no insurance coverage. 35 percent of staff completed primary fire training and 65 percent of staff had not any education. 94 percent of libraries do not have any plan to deal with the crisis. Conclusion: The results showed that the theory of planned behavior has been effective regarding the Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
52 - Comparative evaluation of the hospital library websites accessibility in Iran
Sedigheh Mohamadesmaeil Mahrokh Nassehi OskoueiPurpose: This paper aims to provide some insights into the accessibility criteria of web evaluation in the general and professional hospital libraries. Methodology: Taking a critical approach, this article examines the professional and general hospital libraries to c MorePurpose: This paper aims to provide some insights into the accessibility criteria of web evaluation in the general and professional hospital libraries. Methodology: Taking a critical approach, this article examines the professional and general hospital libraries to conduct a reliable accessibility assessment. The data was collected through an investigatory checklist, consisting of 9 components and developed by the researchers based on the literature review. The desired website was evaluated according to this checklist. In order to analyze the research findings, descriptive statistics (frequency and percentage) and statistical inference were used and the software applications such as SPSS and EXCELL were applied. The statistical population of research includes the libraries of 24 hospitals. Findings:In general, the results showed that the accessibility evaluation of Iran's professional hospital libraries (in comparison with the overall assessment of compliance of all criteria, in index website, with 77 points) is 87 percent and that of the general hospital libraries is 83 percent. However, the design of hospital Library Websites should be completely based on the functions that support the main objectives of the hospital libraries, especially in information retrieving as well as rendering medicine information services. Conclusion: Information and communication technology tools, especially hospital websites and e-mail services, have such a capabilities that changes programs and methods, informs in an appropriate way and as a consequence, economical services will be provided with a wide range of users. In addition, hospital websites as an important communication system can be used in social crises and disasters. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
53 - An assessment of the effect of management factors and natural disaster factors on insurance operations risks for cold water fish farming - Qazvin province
A. Damghanpour R. Mousavi Nadoshan M. SharifianThe current research, as a field study, was conducted by questionnaires that were filled through interviews with 22 individual rainbow trout farmers in Qazvin province. The present research aimed to assess the insurance operations, identify the risk factors in fish farm MoreThe current research, as a field study, was conducted by questionnaires that were filled through interviews with 22 individual rainbow trout farmers in Qazvin province. The present research aimed to assess the insurance operations, identify the risk factors in fish farms, followed by the assessment of the risks rising from mismanagement aspects. Considering the occurrence percentage of above factors and the level of damage they have imposed in a 20-year period, from 1994 to 2014, the impact of above factors was obtained and then insurability pattern of freshwater farms of the province was calculated using the coefficients obtained fromdescriptive statistical analysis of questionnaires and using factor analysis (FA) with the extracted principal components analysis (PCA).The results of the present study showed that damages imposed by mismanagement factors had a greater share than natural disaster factors, while this aspect has been almost overlooked and underestimated in insurance coverage lots. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
54 - Juridical feasibility of weather derivatives using multi-stage ijtihad research method
mohammad talebi mohsen sayar hanieh fadaei wahedThe agricultural industry, which is referred to as a mothers industry, faces many risks, which has reduced investors' willingness to invest in this industry. Some of these risks, including disaster risk, are considered to be the specific risks of this industry. Develope MoreThe agricultural industry, which is referred to as a mothers industry, faces many risks, which has reduced investors' willingness to invest in this industry. Some of these risks, including disaster risk, are considered to be the specific risks of this industry. Developed countries use a variety of instruments, such as weather derivatives, to cover these risks. Weather derivatives, like other derivatives used in financial markets, are based on their base assets, with the difference that the base asset in weather derivatives is the temperature index, rainfall, snowfall, and etc. This research, while reviewing the nature of the weather derivatives, has provided a juridical feasibility study for the implementation of this financial instrument. The research method used in this research is a multi-stage Ijtihadi model. The results of this research indicate that the lack of legal permission to use this instrument is due to the conflict with the principle of the prohibition of fake money and the existence of a dilemma of the underlying asset ineligibility. However fixing the drawbacks and develop Islamic financial instruments in accordance with the Imam's jurisprudence is not far from mind. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
55 - Fuzzy Implication Operators Applied to Country Health Preparation
John Mordeson Sunil Mathew Aswathi PrabhathWe use a new method to determine a fuzzy similarity measure using fuzzy implication operators. We use this method to determine the fuzzy similarity between the two rankings of countries involving health security and health care. We then find a fuzzy similarity of co MoreWe use a new method to determine a fuzzy similarity measure using fuzzy implication operators. We use this method to determine the fuzzy similarity between the two rankings of countries involving health security and health care. We then find a fuzzy similarity of countries involving the two rankings of countries with respect to national disaster and political disaster. Manuscript profile
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